計算機科学 - econ.keio.ac.jp
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21. 1 7 E 60H 61H 62H 63H 64H 65H 66H 67H 68H 69H 6AH 6B
22. cluster 867 NEC PC MS DOS format format 1250304 1250304 1KB 83 2 1KB
23. 87 1 00000 CPU load CPU op 1 82 1 assembly 82 1 Assembly Assebly assembler 32 87 2 00 000 Assembly i ii iii iv CPU CPU CPU debugging software crisis assembly assembly Compiler interpreter Compiler Inte
24. m EY eo e lt o N M T WN er I Bad c MX E TU ox gm I lt lt J S Oo I N o m M M lt
25. e CPU bipolar clock 10 clock 10 Hz 1000MHz O 100 MHz clock address bus data bus bit sec data bus 82 1 D DRAM refresh O 107 83 2 13 10 5 refresh FD 3 2 CPU J 10 CPU CPU chip CCD
26. 3 37 iii Ares C109 be N 1 2 N z y iv v X R N 4 1 o 1 9 2 1 alk l1 lt k lt n 1 n 1 2 N n 1 x k k n 1 N n a n n zm N N 1 2 a k nt1 lt k lt N n2 12 N 1 N n k 1 n 1 BD z k O z k 1 n N N 0 2 z k lzkzn l n l2 N i lt j z i x j n 1 x n n N N 1 2 3 N N 1 4 Shell 00000 000000000000
27. 3 gt z i i l s 0 0 do 1 i 1 N s stx i 1 continue answer s N IEEE 23 2 3 1 8388607 8388609 223 8 8 a t x t z i answer N 29 a 0 0 do 1 i 1 N a ax i 1 i x i i 1 continue answer a z i N gt x i i 1 T y gy z z z lt 1074 gy y pec 107 a 9 x 9 x 9 lt 107 x 1 0 99994 z 1 y 0 9999 a y a y a y 0 0001 0 00006 0
28. 1290 DU 0o00 51
29. ono crc oo L3 Lr LL ETEA oo ao 9 E Ere so o Ere Ss ic oo oo xo oo AO L3 Lr Oo o L3 Lr Oc o oo oO ea oo O00 OO oo 8c eo 1 oo go o0 go o0 os Sc ao co go uz eot 5 On 05 a oO g a Cg On um e Lm l On o 5 3 EJ E o 53 55 S ag Oo o Oo 20 m o On s g OF um c o 5 E WA So S es o Ss O 2 oo 820050 i O un z ea m oon 200505 Q s c o oo 80008 Ts
30. 100 binary tree 101 level 0 level 1 Binary tree level binary tree x s a 2 s Q x 2 s 1 Heap level heap z N 2 N 2 1 Heap sort heap x N N 1 1 i heap sort ii Heap sort
31. Byte 83 2 1996 O CPU 4GB access O 100 MB 82 1 i CPU 1 iii Multi task 66 4 i OS 4KB ii iii load OS load iv Clock load load OS load bit bit v CPU DAT Dynamic address translator bit 1 page fault CPU vi bit bit page out load page in vii Paging page out in access CPU multi task 86 4 main frame Windows95 Paging jump paging 86 88
32. 23 10 23 2 11 1 11 2 5 1 5 2 2 2 2 1 0 1 2 0 1 23 10 10111 2 debug lll debug 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 89 A B C D E F FF 16 255 10 11111111 2 1Byte 8bit 80 20 00 FF 0 1 n gt 0 n 2M n M n M n
33. e N chip clock CPU clock CPU CPU Intel CPU IBM PC defacto standard Apple Motoroller CPU e Intel 10 5 80 3 clock 82 1 0000 34 80 2 0 3 W 1 bit 1 word D 1
34. ii PC 301 MOV 301 50 IR PC 302 iii Decoder IR D JMP 50 PC 50 iv PC 50 address bus 50 50 82 2 000000 ALU Arithmetic logical unit 81 3 Compiler 87 2 H 1980 CPU CPU chip 434 ALU CPU register Register CPU ALU instruction register flag register stack pointer CPU register OOOO
35. PC 300 x yee 10 ont 3 Z o E o0 o m eo ea ae re c N P ns c mE 2 5 Z N c Rs T Bru O 35 u o o 2 28 g c2 g eo sS a 5 e US m 4 3 O 2 cQ B N C y u Fl II Il amp 5 I rem CENE m LEE sa 9 g O O S 9 Ps cR M E DS YN TT Nan Has gt Ks
36. 1 12 NOT AND A NAND B A B 4A A NAND A AA B A NAND B NOT ANDO EOR AVA AAA je aj AV B Bv A B I AA BVC AAB AAC B A B de Morgan V G A B 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 OU 1
37. 2 96 4 Multi task CPU TSS time sharing system e CPU O 107 CPU O 1079 OS 104 89 multi task multi task man machine interface browser home page home page OS 86 1 OS multi task task load task 0 overflow Task CPU SVC Supervisor call task I O task CPU time slice O 107 task Spool access multi task Multi task spool Job task Job compile link I O Task CPU job running ready wait Multi task task job multi task OS 91 ser vigui NOO000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
38. Jun Uu Bel ua un 5 Es 2 2 wn amp amp N o gt um 1 S S88 a SS oo ea A ir e gt D e N o 4 gt ea 4T e g TEN gt z AT M eS 126 NM aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa 8
39. 9 103 102 104
40. Q0000000000
41. LRU least recently used data Pentium Pr CPU CPU bus 82 1 chip line printer key board display line printer key board display dot printer FD 5in key board display dot printer laser printer FD 5in
42. m n m overflow 3 81 2 000000000 T 1 F 0 19 A 0 1 OR V AND A x NOT 3 EOR exclusive or 40 1 x 0 1 0 1 OR AND EOR 10 11 gt 0 1 NOT 1 21 20 AAB 1ifandonly if A B 1 AV B S 2A B 0 if and only if A B 0 A B AVB A 7 AA B 1 if and only if 2A B O00 0100000000000000000000000000000000000
43. 1 1 2 e 2 0 shift 11 x 10 110 3x 2 6 10 I n 2 10000 1100 100 1100 11 x 102 100 11 1 10000 11 101 1 0UD0UD00000000000000000000000
44. 2 96 2 Disk operating system J O MS DOS MS DOS OS WINDOWS MS DOS 83 OS CPU access 83 2 i load ii load iii i random access 3 ii FD access load load OS OS disk OS 85 CPU OS 86 MS DOS format NEC IBM sectors 83 2 FAT file allocation table format sector 3 5in 2HD NEC PC MS DOS 1 2MB format 1232sectors 83 2 MS DOS format 0 volume 1 2 FAT 1 5B cluster gt 1221 2 x 1 5 1834 5 lt 2048B 3 4 FAT copy 5 10 root directory 6 x 1024 32 192 files 11 1231 1221 clusters 1221 x 1024 1250304B 0000 00000000000 3 1 0 8 amp 5 CP M 0 sbit000000000000018M0 16bit 00000000 Microsoft t 0000000 OS defacto standard MS DOSO 00000 Microsoft disk operating system 00000000000 000000000 disk FD HD 00000 OSOO0000
45. RS Flip Flop D Flip Flop C clock 1 D Q C 0 D Q 3 D Flip Flop D Flip FLop ae kb Clock C C t 00 1 clock 0 1 t
46. von Neumann von Neumann CPU 82 1 load coprocessor simulator
47. EE E EX k EX ug EJ pp EX p Ono Ez Ono LE Ono Ono m Ono Oo Ono m oOo Ono Og Ono m oOo Ono Boa O00 oO soy Ono m 20g o0o0 a22 S cnm ERE oon EX EST EC ES T3 oon m oon oon oon EX LEE ga220070 L3 L3 r3 a22000 ntur uum num m L3 L3 r3 L3 L3 r3 ooooo L3 L3 r3 f n m n n 0 f n m n n AO opOoooo OOD CoS ey sma a cz we Bee GHOBHA GHA noooo Oom noo oe GGT o0000 oe mnoooo oof C3 L3 C3 E3 C3 LAE 5 p oOo E C3 C3 C3 c3 EE oof mira mai ai Se X joo Oo O8 OF QD mn ngu 112
48. 3 OS OS OS 123 OS OS front end processor 1980 VJE 124 UNIX OS workstation network directory MSDOS WINDOWS95 nkf eke telnet OS mail Netscape web site netscape html file Floppy disk disk format OS OS 2Byte01 JIS KI KO Kanji In Kanji Out 1Byte 2Byte 1Byte 2Byte MSDOS shift JIS 1Byte 1Byte 2Byte EUC 812 2 0000 12 2 1 FORTRAN 500 35 000 48
49. IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Tr 32 bit 01 118 T 1 bit 6 8 bit el 23 bit f Sef 32 bit r i r gt 0 S 00r lt 0 S 1 bit ii r 2 20 eco f r x 2126 lt 1 23 bit r 0 f x 2716 0 lt 0 f lt 1 iii 9 126 lt r lt 9128 e 9e 127 r lt 9e 126 1 lt r x 21275 lt 2 23 f l f 2 I gx Bete 1 lt e lt 254 25 2 e 8 bit 28 1 255 8 bit e 255 e lt 254 e f 23 bit 2128 59 1038 39 119 0 0 00000000 00000000000000000000001 2723 x 2 126 9 149 e 27126 lt p lt 2128 n On SOs 99 x 2e 127 z 2723 x r r r 5 2 33 105 9 7
50. 3 38 1 j lt z i lt Ly 5 Prob z j gt li 3 Probl a lt 2 2 j gt Y Prob z j gt Y gt gt 1 ij lt i ij lt i k F 0 lt lt N 1 i ii fid RII OM f MON x x N f X R f M 0 F w 1 2 z f z a t i 1 32 k j 1 2 M z j 0 ke kl y k 2 y i i 1 2 N X Sy 1 2 NY N IJ 89 2 1 heap X 2 z n n2 L2 N XxX R z n z m R gt z m z m R z n z m R gt a m z n Z R 3 tree Jk N z n X i 1 2 k x ni z ni41 R or z ni41 z nj R 1 2 z n z ni Ror z ni z nk R ni Zn G Z i x n nz 2 V m 2 ND3k e N z n X i 1
51. OS OS 15 OS compiler 16 OS compiler S O OS CPU
52. r3r3 Co ii N iii iv 3 9 1 2 Uniform bound Ta kmaa N 1 lim inf ka N gt 1 N oo N log N kmaz N N N log N 36 a i 2i 42 1 2 N k 9k N N Stirling N lim ew cS Red N oo NNe NA 2nN
53. n n 29 10 11 2 0 3 11 2 M 0 1 4B 32bit 32 31 31 0 231 1 0 M 32 1 231 bit 1 29 10 000 0011101 29 10 111 1100011 e 2M 1000 00 2
54. 9M n n 29 10 11101 100000 11101 32 29 10 3 10 11 00 1 11101 0001 00011
55. 81 2 well defined bit 1024 B 1 MB 1024 KB 1 GB 1024 MB K kilo M mega G giga m mili u micro n nano p pico 1 Byte 8 bit 1 KB
56. Pentium PRO J 512KB O 10 B 000000000000000 1 25 0 1 66
57. C t 1 HUS ena ie 0 otherwise clock I O O t I t 1 t N e I O Clock teN O t I t 1 I t Flip Flop clock 0g 1 1 clock 29 28Clock U CPU 00000 On n n Oo Oo On og Du 81 4 1D diode transistor
58. 105 106 89 2 107
59. 1 2 i M p t i 127 2M I p 12 2 2 Mp N Mp 1 Mp 2 9MI p 000000000000000 MSB U UUDD 0 Ha 20522000 2520006 25220000 25220000 2053200000 pg rnmauuam eg uunc og22000 og22000 ogg222000 m ipapa pa BEC LDpn og L3 C3 m Er o E43 L3 L3 r3 r3 c 8umumum o amp eauuua oOyooooooo a 88 moos RES Stirling M Jim T Moo MMe MA 25 M
60. Graphical user interface GU Interface black box 80 1 e Black box 1 text GUI graphical user interface virtual reality
61. 10 10 11 12 13 54 1987 1991 1968 1992 UBASIC 86 D E Knuth Art of Computer rograming Sorting and Searching Addison amp Wesley 1973
62. million K 9 M 220 G 230 K M G m Hs n p 210 103 One thousand ten thousand a hundred thousand one 1B 1 ascii code 2B 1 JIS Qj 1 2
63. clock Clock Flip Flop Du 13 1 0 22 61 1 T 1 F 0
64. Sort sort search update 810 1 000000 ii 42
65. N T s Sa e o gt O ES e T E O 5 TL g SS E 2 E I o Ej oe N 4 S 2 2 z mel A e 5 A O 7 as O S c T Z wO 3s o aS 8 c Y gt E g O Pa a a lt Il S 5 z LET 2 OC lt 2r E 5 a Wess OQ wd 15 lt von Neumann foo ooo ooo o oooga i s GOOT a foo gt 1 oono oooo onooooO m LEXIEIEXETE pul oe ria moe Besant l a ce A ca c ams aua Co Co Co L2 L3 C3 14
66. N 21 M gt 27 RHH 1 53 web browser ftp 7 p 204 300
67. micro program 83 1 ROM 83 1 000000 from ooo SS mask ROM micro program EEPROM IC card 000
68. 1980 i CPU ii CD ROM MO Magnetic opical disk IC card ROM iii disk 23 1 track MO magnetic head KB format64 60 77track head58 head track 54 NEC PC 8x 2
69. 27 zyab n 2 a cd apq hq hihxmv bqrairaijiynw crsbjsbjkjzox dstcktcklk py etudludlmlaqz fuvemvemnmbr gvwfnwfnoncsa hwxgoxgopodtb ixyhpyhpqpeuc jyziqziqrqfvd kz jr jrsrgwe l aksakstshxf mabltbltutiyg nbcmucmuvuj zh ocdnvdnvwvk i pdeoweowxwlaj qefpxfpxyxmbk rfgqygqyzyncl sghrzhrz zodm this is a pen uijtajtabaqfo vjkubkubcbrgp wklvclvcdcshq xlmwdmwdedtir ymnxenxefeujs znoyfoyfgfvkt opzgpzghgwlu bqrairaijiynw apq hq hihxmv 2 27
70. 53 FD floppy disk access FD floppy disk 50 bipolar 1980 microchip 1 00000000 0 man machine oo 3 3 0 T m random access DVD digital video di
71. IR JMP 300 300 301 PC address bus 300 data bus i PC 1 20
72. Well defined oooo ao cipem ao 1 L3 L3 r3 EST EZPIEEE L3 L3 r3 L3 L3 r3 a fe sa pass CIS ELEA EPES E SI r3 L3 L3 pass Oooo ooo Oooo ooo Ono oom Ono oom Ooo ooo Oonog ooo Onos noo 000 ooo ooog Oonos ooo Ono ooo Oonog oof Ono EX ELE 0o08 ogoogo Ono ooo ooo g poo CmmuHuibimmuu SoquoFoo0o0o SquoFoo0o0o O0O gogH Ho0o0og0o H ooHoooo O90820 0o0om0 i A Qoo 1 a YMC e OOO a ooo ooo S oand eooo oooFoooo oooFoooo mauu8Smumuu D a poo 50000 L2 L3 L3 C3 c3 C3 C3 L3 G L3 L3 C3 c3 C3 C3 C3 oo ao
73. 6 9 4 11 12 810 1 a i e X 89 1
74. ALU arithmetic and logic unit feed back von Neumann 80 3 1 D OU von Neumann
75. subroutine Object oriented 117 GOTO software crisis 1960 jump GOTO do while do until if then else endif jump do if goto S90 00000000000 interface 0000000000000 debug 000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000 00000 88 active cell 0000 object oriented DOOOOOO0000000000000000000000 gt HB 11 1 000000 44 Compiler
76. 3 continue end y bat Current directory y a y bat A gt copy y c 1 1 A gt copy y c 192 1 A gt copy y c 193 0 192 FD 192 sub directory FORTRAN C 8700000 O cluster 0 10 00000000000 cluster 2 00 1222000000000 8 MS DOSOOOOOC00000000Ms posgo00000000000000 OS0O0000000000000000 6 3 0000
77. von Neumann 0 1 hard soft hardware software H Bg IE DUDDDDDDDDDUDDUDDBUDUDDDDUDDDUDDUDUDDUUDUDUDUDUDUDUDDUDUD o 8 5 oo a noo oo a 5 po o s00 5 5 o2 Sogo 5 8 o2 o arona 5 T a agg rr a 19 ooo oo zi sassa ea a 5 ne o 4 9 E n oo200 pO a OOo z
78. 7 1996 1996 1996 1995 416 1986 1995 CQ Oh PC 1997 3 I II III IV CA103 CA106 1x 4 55
79. access 80 2 CPU access access CPU Intel 1 word 1 B 8 bit W 8 39 word C W C 2W 3W DQ W CPU access CPU DQ CPU bit 32 36 Intel CPU 8080A 300000 CPUQ defacto standard 34von Neumann OOOOOOO00O00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 6Pentium 000000000000 pentium W access D gt A 28 19
80. AO transistor NEN Diode V V uv Vi V V diode Transistor npn E 0 C B 0 E C C B E C C 0 transistor Transistor Diode tra
81. OS CPU S a a OS 86 3 000 g0p000 POO o Roos S ODODO 008300000 OOO onooo OS OS noo Sm m m e CPU OS onooso0o0o0o0n mam oop00gp OOO ET ED m OS 572 0000000000000 Application program Application program Hardware resource
82. EOR EOR NAND i NOT ii EOR 1 3 Clock 00000000000
83. 7 p 4 ii iii 710000000 81 man machine interface
84. 17 31015 10111 12345 10 nooo ooo oou0rg Lr fo L3 L3 rc ii F c3 crc oOooo LES aE L5 O
85. 101 011 101 v 011 111 101 x 011 101 011 001 clock x
86. 94 12 1 0000 active cell oo oo oo oo oo font box front end processing spread sheet active cell relation VZ WZ TEX ATOK Supercalc Lotus dBase CCT ALMAIL Postscript Happy Paint Mathematica REDUCE 810 2 89 2 1 oo oo 35 HU BEI DU 95
87. this is a pen N 21 V N 27 M gt log 27 log 27 27
88. diode transistor IC integrated circuit LSI large scale integration gate diode transistor 10 10 VLSI very large SI 10 one chip microprocessor 300MHz 3 3 x 107 300 km im im CPU 30transistor LL 000000 bipolar transistor 0 0 0 MOS metal oxide silicon transistor J OO OOOO000000 00000000000 OO0U00 1980000000000
89. 43 113 116
90. OS OS 85 OS operating system interface OS interface HU BEI 80 3
91. interface 86 4 o o 8 D 4 B or or un o DN c S E s BST Hog 8 8 Oo 2 m a 5 e Moria a Uo am lt 86 2 OS II 78 OS CPU OS OS
92. S R 0 1 Q 1 0 NOT 1 1 R reset 1 S set 83 1 0 Bie E ES TIEL Lt g cacacacc prc cumuuurmurn goo000p0 Flip Flop eooooono soOoooooo ooooooo Sooop0000 Saonuuaoauaaud cnmuomuagud amp ooo ooo Ooo ooo i Flip Flop RS Flip Flop D delay Flip Flop 15 S R 1 1 RS Flip FLop
93. resource interface text base interface OE OA ee BP 0 1 0000 GUI 1 3 EI 00000 158 9 Q m um Dm oO Oo N o000 oooofo oOooeo oOooso EZ EZ E D tdi 19970225 Du 00000
94. N gt p 1 I p log N s p a i 0 lt R p lt 1 NI p t i gt 0 21 9 1 p i 1 N i 1 2 N 01 0 I p lt 1 PSM 0000000 Myp i gt 1 D i00 DD 000 DD DUD
95. 50 e gt 0 N log M ne N 215 lt N lt 1 log M compress
96. 91 1 LI 31015 3 x 10000 1000 10 5 3 x 10 10 104 5 10111 24 2 2 1 16 4 2 1 23 2 x 10 3 10111 10111 2 18 gn 2 10111 812 1 811 1 Try
97. 5 87 2 optimization TOOOOOOO000000000 32
98. access CPU data bus address bus
99. 1 Qkmax gt NI li Dri nr mar N 1 Nooo N logs N v 97 2 kave N 1 lim inf k N gt 1 inn dog Ne 1 ka 1 kmar km kmaz N 25 gt N gt Qkm 1 km 1 N kavel N gt Y 627 km N 25071 km N 25 k 1 kave N gt km N 1 2 Ma cordc qp EM end kave N oo N logy N 89 2 00000000000
100. lsector 1KB FD access 61 Head 2track MT magnetic tape 3 5inch 2HD 8sector access Oo Lr Oo LL Lar El oo oo go El oo oop s oo ooo o El E EIE OO OoOOnmoo ogooo E opona oOo oo E Oo Oooo Oo Cre Gree On g 20000 On o 20000 Oo o 20000 Oo o 20000 Oo o 20000 Oo g g 090006 Qo o OF OOO o 420000 ae E sos m E po p EI E n 8 Oo Ooo eu Oo O00050 maya 52 ss OE pocos 5 m mmm o oF o pasa o pasas oF o pogonom s o soga 0o02 o g amp uuumog C3 ntc Loooo j og cud 002 p g7uuuo ooo m soooo8 oo off oOo m Sam oo OnE oo ogogo 20 500000 goo 20 oqo0o00o0 E 1foot 12inchesz 30cm 1 44MB DOS V
101. Turing machine von Neumann Q d d 2 g fe ab 5 a EB E L 5 O H iE E A e 5 bo T o 8 a o gR Z B pop g sss tes S 8 7 as ce d gt NN ii c ia 5 A O
102. 109 110 108 10 2 111
103. von Neumann Ss EET Zaguuog 8 5poo0o Burnt 655000 Sooo s gogo psusuu Ooo Xog uz CIE ooo So oo Anu ooo so gr 6 00 7ooO amp 9 o 1 2 UL a
104. 68Direct memory access 9Input and output 70Small computer systems interface 26 73 71
105. CD ROM IC card CD ROM 100MHz B ROM G 52 1 default O RAM B Clock speed CPU 109 80 1 O MT magnetic tape
106. 0 4 000000 von Neumann 14 von Neumann 13r oo ELI LE uii 00000 DD 000 00000 00000 00000
107. 0 75 01011110111011011111011111001111 M 32 11 gt 1 10 0010011011011001110011100011 28 01 01 001 00 000 I In log N I p z 2 x 1075 3 N In
108. keisanki tex 19970211 15 17 25 28 0303 16 0401 07 10 15 19970418 0530 Sato970513 etc 19970531 FAND etc 0 H HD g oo f ooo000000 nnnnnnnnn 200000 OOo 63 DDD Interface gt gt multimedia
109. Heap sort heap sort C program from 100 00000 0000 oo oo oo oo ELI oo oOo Oc oo 1992 p 297 p 299 0000 19970530 0000 19970530 3 19970413 include lt stdio h gt void swap int int void shiftdown int int int void main void static int heap 100 int i n m 40 n 1 while scanf d amp heap n EOF n n for i n 2 i 1 i shiftdown i n heap m n n while n gt 1 swap amp heap 1 amp heap n n shiftdown 1 n heap for i 1 i lt m it printf d heap il void shif
110. ii r lt 27 P6 r IEEE 120 811 2 00000000 811 1 11864 bit 000000000000000 119210 1024 107 oo compiler QOQ0Q0000000 45
111. SN 1 2 96 X 89 1 1 swap a b cca a b bcc
112. 812 1 00000 ISO International Organization for Standardization CPU 121 ISO 7bit 16 2 nnH 20H 21H 22H 23H 24H 25H 26H 27H 28H 29H 2AH 2BH 2CH 2DH 2EH 2FH u 4 5 3 T o jn 3 Bou 9x 1 30H 31H 32H 33H 94 35H 36H 37H 38H 39H 3AH 3BH 3CH 3DH 3EH 3FH 40H 41H 42H 43H 44H 45H 46H 47H 48H 49H 4AH AB H ACH ADH AEH AFH Q A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O 50H 51H 52H 53H 54 55H 56H 57H 58H 59H 5AH 5BH 5CH 5DH 5EH 5FH P Q R S T U V W X Y Z c S 0 8bit 1B 1B 16 20 0 28 1 255 162 1 46 ISO 7bit ASCII Americal National Standard Code for Information Interchange 8bit
113. 0000 0000 s 0000000 inches 2400feet 6250bpi56 FD 2400 x 6250 x 12 8B 22 5MB 8sector track Itrack Format Sector FD floppy disk 1 25 1 44MB 15 20 optical disk FD Floppy disk HD Hard disk FD HD SOOO goo0000 S8oo0akoooooo jteonotooooooo 8 8 oo oo oo oo 1 24 seek time head track 114 search time 62KB sec 360 60 x 1000 360
114. 128 wc ee ee N _ gt pl log p i 1 w 1 log 27M N t log J i 1 49 2M I p M N 12 1 I p gt li log p i 1 p p 1 p 2 entropy p N 12 1 i 0 I p log N ii p i 1 N iii I I p q R p R p R p 0 1 27 N redunduncy
115. Hardware resource PnP plug and play OS 86 1 OS e CPU CPU word OS word OS clock 82 1 32 bit CPU Microsoft IBM OS 2 WINDOWS 32bit CPU GUI network Apple 80 MSDOS OS e OS OS OS 81 OS OS interface OS 82 OS MVS multiple virtual sotrage MS DOS Microsoft disk operating system UNIX 86 1 0 000 OSQOU0d000 0 register 1bit flag OS register r
116. 167 head 167 2 83 62KB sec 1KB sector 1000 62 16 NEC PC NEC PC format IBM format 1 44MB format 83 3 00000000 ooo oo oo sma 10 SRAM O 105 B65 us 10 DRAM O 106 B jp m
117. Dada 00000 00000 0000 OS operating system CPU OS interface
118. NAND clock 1 clock Flip Flop 27 ii Flip Flop Flip Flop RS reset set Flip Flop S R 1 1 S R 0 0 0 0 Q 0 1 1 0 0
119. 00006 4 6 0 67
120. 2 k z ni z ni41 R or z ni41 2 n R 1 2 k 1 ny m pou
121. IR Instruction register CPU decoder CPU decoder 87 2 0000 0000 0000000O00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 4922 4G word 00 DD DC Hb 8 200 8635000 0000 19 42 81 3 Intel PO 100 program counter 43
122. 16KB FD O 1 GB head search time 57 1 25MB NEC 9 2x 77 x 8 1232KBx 1 2MB seek time
123. 80 D lt A 1 D 1 A CPU OS A 39 A 32 aU CPU A D 41 OS word 86 decoder address bus uuununnu PC PC program counter i clock 1 IR reset 0
124. H 6CH 6DH 6EH 6FH a b d e f g h i j k l m n 70H 71H 72H 73H 74H 75H 76H 77H 78H 79H TAH 7BH VCH DH 7EH 7FH p q r t u v w x y 7 1 i 00H 1FH 7FH 20 u 26 x 2 52 6bit 26 64 27 128 ISO Tbit ASCIT 1Byte 8bit 28 256 2Byte 1Byte 1Byte 1Byte 2Byte 216 65536 2 1981 1945 JIS JIS 3 5937 2Byte JIS MSDOS WINDOWS 2Byte 1Byte 2Byte 1Byte 2Byte 1Byte 2Byte 122 XFER 47
125. Lerm so noone ass Sof 80 Oo o cinmgdad Oo um e amp lt von Neumann directory hardware software 0 2 000000 operating system CPU central processing unit 19 3 3 microchip
126. Ww roo 8 0pgo A z S0000 Soo 29500 Ez sOn a x 2020 a p a Q goo 1 o E Q o lt e OO g O lt iar ta is oO E n 5 oa boo 052206 co X Son 8 o o ea wa CN ON re S e o 00 lt 8 AQ 9 a ET 2 s 5 5 S og a Ed p cens ERE EAE m LI sOO 8 3 s 2 8 o soo oFoo E g c 200 m 2o05 E 5 5 3 q 2 i amp 4 nu 5 gt d E lt o 55 A bs 2 e c 1 03209 S W S D Boo of00s qe e T a 3 ELS EE So lt Nn 8 Soooon ooo lt a 5 N a a lt e O O m S rns ons O 69 OOF OO 22 10nsec HD hard 51 86 3 load HD 1078 49
127. egister flag flag jump jump stack register page fault 6 3 Multi task 86 4 80 000 Microsoft 7 OS D CP MQ UNIX Apple 000000000 OS000000000000000000000 64 00000 load 000 e0000 29
128. fa 1B 812 1 MS DOS 2B a 1AH 7 1KB 1022B MS DOS FAT cluster cluster 000Z data file cluster FFFH cluster file cluster cluster 1 5B 000H FFFH 2KB FAT cluster Root directory root directory file file cluster 32B root directory 192 C format FD open 1 file y bat do 1 i 1 9 write 1 a i1 copy y c i 1 continue do 2 i 10 99 write 1 a i2 copy y c i 2 continue do 3 i 100 193 write 1 a i3 c i
129. key board mouse scanner display dot printer laser printer FD 3 5in CD ROM CPU CPU register 5 CPU O8 channel channel microchip I O interface RS 232C MODEM SCSI HD CD ROM reader scanner printer dot matrix printer junk GOO0O00000000000000000000000000000000000 5
130. nsistor NAND 5V A NAND B A H B KH oV 0 diode transistor 51 31 32 m gt
131. rpreter debug Interpreter BASIC APL interpreter oo snn j FOTRAN 10 CONTINUE IBM 1954 COBOL COMPUTE K K 1 IBM 1960 i PASCAL begin end ALGOL PASCAL 1968 gt 00000000000 UNIX OS 1972 list LISP 1950 Assembler OOO 00000000000000000000000000000000000000 assmbler 10 D I D D U CPU 0 assembler 1 0 0 0 0 UO U 2 Optimization 86 3 34 optimization 93 DUBBI
132. tdown int p int n int heap 1 int s S 2 p while s lt n if s n 88 heap s 1 gt heap s Stt if heap p gt heap s break swap amp heap p heap s 1 p s s 2 p void swap int a int b int w w a a b b w 41 YN Y1 Y2 GN EG N e 5 II Na UIS x gt e 5 re I gt
133. ut o0 att OO E 2 a maasa B D00 OO Es Ti Bos o0 8 CE 8 S oo S oo CIE popoodooooo a0 e oo oooooooo a o oo Cire ETETE X z Es OO 1 1 ia E n S E T m B alz B a ee a cee ce i aza ina ama GOO H F E off opoo o or ooo Cc 27 76 87 2 software crisis Middleware
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