Brams First Time User Guide
Contents
1. ceeeeseesteeeteeeees 10 1 5 Governing the run the RAMSIN BIS aceno a asiargestidotaawaa 11 156 A deeper understanding vwcssscsszet oe teresina agi LR i 13 1 6 1 Converting CPTEC Global Pies isso stasscgsa Cemesnditnieteoasieatecs 13 1 6 2 Build surface files for the desired limited area 13 1 6 3 Build initial and boundary conditions for the desired limited area 15 OA Run TOLECASE sc TR O cesar eater ee 16 1 6 5 Post processing and picture generation cceeceeseeseeeteeeeee 17 1 7 Configuring BRAMS 0 0 cccccccsssecesecesseeeeceseecnseceeeceeecseeenaeeeseeeaes 18 1 7 1 Changing initial date and forecast time length 18 1 7 2 Changing model resolnton ass pitada ceed acdeaces nina Tee ag 19 1 7 3 Changing limited area location e ce ecceeceeseeeeeeeteeeeeeeeeeneees 19 1 7 4 Configuring the Ramspost ccccccceesceesseceseeeseeeeteceseeeeeeeneeeees 20 APENDIX A Attribution ShareAlike 2 5 Brasil commons license summary 23 DP id anos eran sae Dantes SAR NR Sac E 24 1 1 Purpose and Intended Audience This document presents basic information on how to use BRAMS an open source limited area weather forecast model It is intended for first time users as an introduction to BRAMS User s Guide It follows the execution of a script file contained in the download of BRAMS First Time Users version from http www cptec inpe br brams brams4 0 f_time sht2. gxgif r i temp quit The commands d topo and d tempe makes the GRADS draw the topography and the temperature field The command draw title writes the title The command gxgi f r i topo and gxgif r i temp generate the gif files showed in the begin of this document To visualize other variables from a same simulation there are two situations e First the desired variable is in ramspost inp list In this case change the toptmp gs file with the desired variable name Execute the run sh script again e Second the desired variable is not in ramspost inp list Include the desired variable name in ramspost inp and change the toptmp gs file Execute the run sh script again For more informations see the RAMSPOST User Guide http www cptec inpe br brams ramspost shtml 22 APENDIX A Attribution ShareAlike 2 5 Brasil commons license Summary Attribution ShareAlike 2 5 You are free to copy distribute display and perform the work to make derivative works to make commercial use of the work Under the following conditions Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor Share Alike If you alter transform or build upon this work you may distribute the resulting work only under a license identical to this one For any reuse or distribution you must make clear to others the license terms of this work Any of these conditions can be waive
3. 2 O no files 1 save ASCII 2 save binary HFILOUT H hist AFILOUT A anal ICLOBBER 1 O stop if files exist l overwite files IHISTDEL 1 O keep all hist files l1 delete previous FRQHIS 21600 History file frequency FROANL 10800 Analysis file frequency The variable JOUTPUT defines the type of output file History file path and prefix are specified by HFILOUT The equivalent variable for Analysis is AFILOUT Variables ICLOBBER and IHISTDEL should be used to avoid overwriting files from previous executions Variables FROHIS and FROANL contain output frequency in seconds of simulation time 1 6 5 Post processing and picture generation The fifth step of the script is to do post processing and picture generation both performed by script run sh at directory RAMSPOST Program ramspost50 x at the RAMSPOST directory is used to post process BRAMS forecast files It takes as input the namelist file ramspost inp at the same directory and produces output files result gl ctl and result gl gra at the same directory The program just selects fields from analysis files and prepares them for grads visualization File result gl ctl describes the contents of result gl gra in a format suited for grads The grads visualizing tool can be started ingesting the ctl file and display available fields at user s discretion To certify the installation the run sh script invokes grads with the script toptmp gs that just d
4. namelists for each program For the atmospheric model component of BRAMS the namelists are e MODEL GRIDS e MODEL FILE INFO e MODEL OPTIONS e MODEL SOUND e MODEL PRINT In BRAMS version 4 0 two new namelist sections were added to RAMSIM namelist file These sections are related with the new emission models coupled to the atmospheric model and the namelist are e CATT_INFO e TEB INFO For ISAN the namelists are e ISAN CONTROL e ISAN_ ISENTROPIC 11 Each RAMSIN namelist begins with one of the above identifiers and ends with the identifier SEND Namelist MODEL GRIDS specify the grids and the type of the run Run type is defined by the value of variable RUNTYPE a Fortran character string which can take one out of four values MAKESFC to build surface files MAKEVFILE to build boundary conditions INITIAL to run the forecast from initial data or HISTORY to resume a previous forecast run from a history file Please observe how this variable is set on the three RAMSIN files corresponding to the three runs of BRAMS invoked by runBRAMS sh Forecast time length is specified by variable TIMMAX a Fortran integer Time unit for the value of TIMMAX is set by TIMEUNIT a Fortran character string that takes as value one of h m or s Forecast initial time is set by variables IMONTHI IDATEI IYEARI and ITIMEI all Fortran integers corresponding to the month date year and day time in hours 24 h
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7. for each grid over the integration time This is performed by cutting the dp files shell s first step output to the desired geographical areas grids and time interval as defined by the namelist MODEL GRIDS in RAMSIN Output files are known as VARFILES that s why RUNTYPE is set to MAKEVFILE File vfile out at BRAMS home directory stores the standard output of this run Directory ivar stores files output by this run rw r r 1 user users 597320 2005 11 22 14 28 iv brams V 2005 01 24 120000 g1 vfm rw r r 1 user users 13 2005 11 22 14 28 iv brams V 2005 01 24 120000 tag rw r r 1 user users 597320 2005 11 22 14 28 iv brams V 2005 01 24 180000 g1 vfm rw r r 1 user users 13 2005 11 22 14 28 iv brams V 2005 01 24 180000 tag rw r r 1 user users 597320 2005 11 22 14 28 iv brams V 2005 01 25 000000 g1 vfm 15 rw r r 1 user users 13 2005 11 22 14 28 iv brams V 2005 01 25 000000 tag rw r r 1 user users 597320 2005 11 22 14 28 iv brams V 2005 01 25 060000 gl1l vfm rw r r 1 user users 13 2005 11 22 14 28 iv brams V 2005 01 25 060000 tag rw r r 1 user users 597320 2005 11 22 14 28 iv brams V 2005 01 25 120000 g1 vfm rw r r 1 user users 13 2005 11 22 14 28 iv brams V 2005 01 25 120000 tag The aim of the MAKEVFILE run type is to create the initialization and boundary conditions to BRAMS simulation VARFILES from the dp files generated by the first step in the dprep directory Input data files p
8. 000 02 15 000000 91 vfm rw r r 1 user users 5022 2005 12 02 13 35 sst brams W 0000 03 16 120000 g1 vfm rw r r 1 user users 5022 2005 12 02 13 35 sst brams W 0000 04 16 000000 g1 vfm rw r r 1 user users 5022 2005 12 02 13 35 sst brams W 0000 05 16 120000 g1 vfm rw r r 1 user users 5022 2005 12 02 13 35 sst brams W 0000 06 16 000000 g1 vfm rw r r 1 user users 5022 2005 12 02 13 35 sst brams W 0000 07 16 120000 gl vfm rw r r 1 user users 5022 2005 12 02 13 35 sst brams W 0000 08 16 120000 g1 vfm rw r r 1 user users 5022 2005 12 02 13 35 sst brams W 0000 09 16 000000 g1 vfm rw r r 1 user users 5022 2005 12 02 13 35 sst brams W 0000 10 16 120000 g1 vfm rw r r 1 user users 5022 2005 12 02 13 35 sst brams W 0000 11 16 000000 g1 vfm rw r r 1 user users 5022 2005 12 02 13 35 sst brams W 0000 12 16 120000 g1 vfm rw r r 1 user users 9922 2005 12 02 13 35 toph brams S gl vfm Sea Surface Temperature files Sea surface temperature SST input and output file path and prefix are defined by two variables SSTFPFX and ISSTFN at namelist MODEL FILE INFO in RAMSIN SSTFPFX data sst brams ISSTFN sst S sst S Kal SSEL SE Input SST filename path and prefix are defined by the JSSTFN namelist variable a Fortran character string It has three values in sequence since this RAMSIN is prepared for a nesting of three grids a value for each grid These files contain sea surface temperature da
9. A directory If the analysis files of your interest have other name or they are stored in other directory change the FPREFIX value It may be the case that two BRAMS runs with distinct configurations dates domain etc store analysis files BRAMS output at the same directory In such a case it is important to change the prefix of the analysis files in each run This prevents the RAMSPOST to interpolate the results from different simulations and generate strange results Remember change the analysis prefix in all RAMSIN files and in ramspost inp file The variables NVP and VP indicate the amount of the variables to be visualized and which are the variable See this example from the First Time User NVP 20 VP totpcp est topo vtype SEGRE smoist wl ul yt tempo theta rh revr pcprate acccon pt le rlong rshort rlongup In this case twenty variables were defined to visualize Fach variable has a physical mean and it is possible to know the meaning of each one with a help of the rampost50 x output file with the ctl extension like is shown bellow 20 vars 23 totpcp 0 99 RAMS total resolved precip sst 0 99 RAMS water temperature topo 0 99 RAMS topo vtypel 0 99 RAMS vegetation class patch 1 vtype2 0 99 RAMS vegetation class patch 2 stextl 9 09 RAMS soil twxture patch 1 stext2 9 99 RAMS soil twxture patch 2 smoistl 9 99 RAM
10. CPTEC produces daily forecasts of the state of the atmosphere for the entire Earth and for the next 15 days These are the output of CPTEC s global model currently running in production mode at the T126L28 configuration 102 km horizontal resolution at the Equator 28 vertical levels CPTEC performs a specific post processing of the global model output for the BRAMS community Post processed files are grib formatted and named GAMRAMS lt begin date gt lt current date gt P fct T126L28 grb where lt date gt has the format YYYYMMDDHH year YYYY month MM day DD and hour HH Each GAMRAMS file spans a region of the Earth covering longitude 120 west to 80 east and latitude 89 south to 40 north Latitudes belong to a Gaussian grid There are 13 vertical levels sigma coordinate First Time Users download provides GAMRAMS files at the dprep directory from 12 00 of January 24 2005 to 18 00 of January 27 2005 BRAMS requires the state of the atmosphere in ASCII format over a regular grid These files are named dpYYYY MM DD HHHH Converting GAMRAMS files to dp is the responsibility of the executable gribT126_to_dp x Residing at the same dprep directory this executable converts every GAMRAMS file at this directory into an equivalent dp file as specified by the PREP IN namelist Run standard output is stored at file grib to dp out at the same directory Observe that this first step of the runBRAMS sh script does not use any information from
11. First Time User s Guide BRAMS Version 4 0 Alvaro Luiz Fazenda Demerval Soares Moreira Eduardo Hidenori Enari Jairo Panetta Luiz Flavio Rodrigues CPTEC Version 5 of March 2007 MODIFICATION LOG Version Date Purpose of Modification 1 December 2005 Initial Version for BRAMS 3 2 2 April 2006 First Revision 3 May 2006 Second Revision 4 September Third Revision 2006 5 March 2007 Initial Version for BRAMS 4 0 Copyright 2007 The BRAMS Team Permission is granted to copy distribute and or modify this document under the terms of the Creative Commons Legal Code ShareAlike License 2 5 or any later version published by the Creative Commons with the Invariant Sections being Attribution ShareAlike Brazil 2 5 Commons License and Free Software Needs Free Documentation INDEX 1 1 Purpose and Intended Audience cccccesccessecetecesseeeteceseeesseeeseeeens 4 1 2 Mistory of BRA MS eranatras guri dades aaa COF E twee 4 1 3 Download and run BRAMS First Time Users 6 1 4 Understanding BRAMS First Time User Run i 9 1 4 1 Converting CPTEC global files zu ceradum haanisysacstnybesectnnteante 9 1 4 2 Build surface files for the desired limited area 10 1 4 3 Build initial and boundary conditions for the desired limited areal0 J44 RUM TOL CAST essas ict aeayp cesta lachest a NE 10 1 4 5 Post processing and picture generation
12. P 2 0 IBGE INPE dataset LEAF 3 with observed parameters for South American biomes Heterogeneous Soil Moisture assimilation procedure Operational assimilation cycle and Forecast procedure SIB2 surface parameterization Binary reproducibility same result for any number of processors Enhanced Portability and Software Quality Improved serial and parallel performance In 2007 a new version of BRAMS was released BRAMS Version 4 0 These version is the result of the improvements computational and meteorological over the BRAMS Version 3 2 plus some corrections based on RAMS Version 6 0 In this way BRAMS version 4 0 is BRAMS version 3 2 plus Enhanced Portability and Software Quality new procedure to read RAMSIN corrections needed by others compilators new scheme to build executable code etc Improved serial and parallel performance best vectorization in same codes improvements on performance for advection scheme and improvements in master slave comunications Inclusion of TEB Town Energy Budget scheme Inclusion of CATT Coupled Aerosol and Tracer Transport scheme Corrections in Shaved ETA scheme based on RAMS 6 x Corrections in LEAF scheme based on RAMS 6 x BRAMS is maintained and supported by the BRAMS team at CPTEC Maintenance and support should be obtained by mailing a message to brams cptec inpe br There are a discussion list brams list cptec inpe br To subscribe this discussion list visit http www cptec inpe
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14. S soil moisture patch 1 smoist2 9 99 RAMS soil moisture patch 2 w 30 99 RAMS w u 30 99 RAMS u v 30 99 RAMS v tempc 30 99 RAMS temperature theta 30 39 RAMS potential temp rh 30 99 RAMS relative humidity rv 30799 RAMS vapor mix ratio pcprate 0 99 RAMS resolved precip rate acccon 0 99 RAMS accum convective pcp h 0 99 RAMS sfc sens heat flx le 0 88 RAMS sfc lat heat flx rlong 0 99 RAMS rlong rshort 0 99 RAMS rshort rlongup 0 99 RAMS rlongup endvars Some variable names like vtype and stext generate more than one field to be visualized That is why rampost changes the initial variable count 20 at rampost inp into 23 at ctl file There are many variables that can be selected for visualization The variable name follows the pattern defined by RAMS HYPACT Evaluation and Visualization Utilities REVU To visualize the output files of ramspost50 x result_g1 ctl and result_g1 gra there is a script file called toptmp gs than control the GRADS run open result_gl ctl set mpdset mres enable print topo set gxout shaded d topo draw title Topography run cbarn print disable print ClatgrglLT r si topo clear set mpdset mres enable print temp set gxout contour d tempc draw title Temperature 12H GMT 24 01 2005 print disable print 21 mm liq 5 m3 m3 m3 m3 m s m s m s pet g kg mm hr W m2 W m2 W m2 W m2 W m2
15. ath and prefix are specified by the JAPR variable a Fortran character string at namelist SISAN CONTROL IAPR dprep dp Output data file path and prefix are specified by variable VARFPEX a Fortran character string at namelist SISAN CONTROL VARFPFX ivar iv brams Observe that the production of dp files on the first step of the script is disconnected from the value of the JAPR variable the time of integration and the frequency of boundary conditions It is the user s responsibility to guarantee that GAMRAMS files cover the desired area have the desired frequency and that file paths and prefix of the first step output are coherent with the third step input Each VARFILE contains the horizontal wind pressure potential temperature and vapor mixing ratio fields interpolated to the model grid s and ready for initialization and or time dependent data assimilation The file name begins with the given prefix To this prefix it is automatically appended the year month date and time 1 6 4 Run forecast After obtained all input data files with runs MAKESFC and MAKEVFILE BRAMS can do the forecast by setting RUNTYPE to INITIAL This setting means that a simulation will begin from time zero and will run up to the time specified by variable TIMEMAX that specify time in TIMEUNTTS units This is the forth step of the script Standard output of the run is stored at file initial out on BRAMS home directory This run assumes tha
16. br maillist shtml for more informations The source code is distributed under the GNU General Public License For further information visit BRAMS site at www cptec inpe br brams 1 3 Download and run BRAMS First Time Users BRAMS site contains two tarballs for software download First Time Users and Expert Users The First Time Users download file contains BRAMS as an executable binary file that runs sequentially on PC architecture x86 systems under Linux It contains all input data required for a sample run as well as expected output so that first time users can check correctness of the installation The Expert Users download file contains only the source code and instructions for compilation it is intended for execution on parallel machines or on systems other than Linux Since the Expert Users download file does not contain input data we strongly recommend download and installation of the First Time User tarball even if the target system is not Linux Grads Grid Analysis and Display System should be installed to visualize BRAMS output The presence of Grads is not mandatory for BRAMS execution but its absence prevents verification of the installation Grads can be downloaded from its home page http grads iges org grads grads html To begin the BRAMS installation download First Time Users file from http www cptec inpe br brams run brams4 0 serial tar gz It should be downloaded to a directory of your choice that wi
17. ck of good free documentation that we can include with the free software Many of our most important programs do not come with free reference manuals and free introductory texts Documentation is an essential part of any software package when an important free software package does not come with a free manual and a free tutorial that is a major gap We have many such gaps today Consider Perl for instance The tutorial manuals that people normally use are non free How did this come about Because the authors of those manuals published them with restrictive terms no copying no modification source files not available which exclude them from the free software world That wasn t the first time this sort of thing happened and it was far from the last Many times we have heard a GNU user eagerly describe a manual that he is writing his intended contribution to the community only to learn that he had ruined everything by signing a publication contract to make it non free Free documentation like free software is a matter of freedom not price The problem with the non free manual is not that publishers charge a price for printed copies that in itself is fine The Free Software Foundation sells printed copies of manuals too The problem is the restrictions on the use of the manual Free manuals are available in source code form and give you permission to copy and modify Non free manuals do not allow this The criteria of freedom for a f
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20. initial and boundary conditions for the desired limited area Third step is to generate the initial state of the atmosphere and boundary conditions over the forecast time for the desired limited area The script accomplishes this step by executing BRAMS driven by input file RAMSIN vfile Input data files are script s first step output files dpYYYY at directory dprep BRAMS reads these files cuts their contents to the desired limited area and outputs files iv brams V ZZZZ at directory ivar 1 4 4 Run forecast Fourth step is to run the forecast for the desired limited area and time period The script accomplishes this step by executing BRAMS driven by input file RAMSIN initial Input data files are the output of the last two steps topography sea surface temperature vegetation cover initial and boundary condition files all resident on previous steps output directories There are two kinds of output data files history and analysis History files are stored at directory H containing all required information for BRAMS re start checkpoint files These are named hist H AAAA Analysis files are stored at directory A containing the state of the atmosphere at desired limited area and time as forecasted by BRAMS These are named anal A ZZZZ 1 4 5 Post processing and picture generation Analysis files are not suited for human interpretation Post processing phase selects desired fields from the Analysis files and produces file
21. isplay and prints topography and temperature at files topo gif and temp gif all at the RAMSPOST directory 17 1 7 Configuring BRAMS BRAMS possess just too many configuring switches as shown by the size of RAMSIN That is a design constraint BRAMS should be very flexible to simplify research Consequently it is beyond the scope of this document to show how to modify all the switches We restrict ourselves to the most common cases changing initial date and forecast time extension forecast resolution and geographical area setting 1 7 1 Changing initial date and forecast time length First step is to download into directory dprep CPTEC global files for the desired date and forecast length CPTEC global files should be collected with anonymous ftp from the site www cptec inpe br IP address 150 163 141 140 At this site go to directory pub produtos prod eta pnt sx6 GAMRAMS126 Collect files with prefix GAMRAMS and suffix fct TI26L28 grb such as GAMRAMS20051025002005103106P fet T126128 grb Filename syntax is GAMRAMS lt begin date gt lt current date gt P fct T126L28 grb where lt date gt has the format YYYYMMDDHH year YYYY month MM day DD and hour HH The lt begin date gt represents the starting time of the global model forecast while lt current date gt represents data output time Both dates stand for the state of the atmosphere instantly at the precise date Consequently file GAMRAMS20051025002005103106P fct T126128 grb con
22. ll serve as BRAMS home directory such as mkdir home user run brams40 Being at BRAMS home directory expand the tarball tar xzvf brams3 2 serial tar gz A directory structure is created with root at the BRAMS home directory To certify the installation run BRAMS for the first time runBRAMS sh The runBRAMS sh file is a script that executes the following steps e Convert CPTEC global files into BRAMS input data file format e Build surface file for the desired area e Build initial and boundary conditions for the desired area e Run the sequential forecasting e Post process and picture generation 6 For each of these steps the script outputs comments If the run proceeds successfully script execution ends with the following message BRAMS execution ends successfully If any error occurs during script execution a warning will be printed and execution halts In that case support is available by sending an e mail to brams cptec inpe br with as much information as possible Successful sample run generates gif files topo gif and temp gif at directory RAMSPOST5S0 just like this Topography 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Fo Ba BOW Soi w sm am ADS COLA IBES 2005 10 10 10 25 ADS COLYIBES 2005 10 10 10 25 1 4 Understanding BRAMS First Time User Run Let s investigate how BRAMS works exploring each step of the script runBRAMS sh as well as its input and output data Our first swee
23. m RAMS is a highly versatile numerical model developed by several groups over the years including the scientists at Colorado State University and ATMET RAMS is a multipurpose numerical prediction model designed to simulate atmospheric circulations spanning from large scale down to large eddy simulations LES on the planetary boundary layer BRAMS is the outcome of a 2002 2003 Research Project sponsored by FINEP www finep gov br aimed to produce a version of RAMS www atmet com tailored to the tropics to be used in production mode by Brazilian Regional Weather Centers and to be used in research mode by Brazilian Universities Although software portability is central to RAMS and BRAMS the project targeted PC Clusters under Linux Project partners were e ATMET Atmospheric Meteorological and Environment Technologies www atmet com e IME USP Institute of Mathematics and Statistics University of S o Paulo www ime usp br e JAG USP Astronomy and Geophysics Institute University of S o Paulo www iag usp br e CPTEC INPE Center for Weather Forecasts and Climate Studies National Institute for Space Research www cptec inpe br The FINEP project generated three versions of BRAMS Further versions were generated by CPTEC The previous BRAMS version 3 2 is RAMS Version 5 04 plus Shallow Cumulus and New Deep Convection mass flux scheme with several closures based on Grell et al 2002 New 1 km vegetation data derived from IGB
24. me step Whenever resolution increases decreasing DELTAX or DELTAY time step should be decreased to maintain numerical stability Time step is the value of variable DTLONG Fortran real in seconds at the same namelist A trial and error procedure to establish the most adequate time step value is strongly recommended 1 7 3Changing limited area location Forecasted area is defined by its size and by the location of its center The center of the grid is defined by the namelist MODEL_GRID variables CENTLAT CENTLON 2300 0 23 0 23 62 55 0 52 5 47 0 CENTLAT and CENTLON both Fortran real variables respectively define the latitude and the longitude to the grid s center in degrees from the Equator and Greenwich Again both variables have a three numbers sequence for a nested grid system In the first time user version only the first term can be changed 19 1 7 4 Configuring the Ramspost The rampost inp is the file that governs the ramspost50 x run It is a namelist file that contains all the main definitions for post processing the analysis files and to generate the GRADS input files The first variable to define is the FPREFIX that defines location and prefix of the analysis files BRAMS output In BRAMS First Time User version the FPREFIX has the following value FPREFIX A anal A With this definition the ramspost50 x will work over all the files that have the prefix anal A stored in
25. ml inside BRAMS home page http www cptec inpe br brams This is the best option to get acquainted with BRAMS since all execution steps data acquisition pre processing forecast post processing and visualization are covered The First Time Users version also installs the entire directory structure input data files required for a run and output files required for verification The first section contains the history of BRAMS The section after that explains how to download BRAMS First Time Users version and how to run the script file Document proceeds by visiting each step of the script execution explaining its meaning input and output files Further on users are acquainted to the structure of the namelist file RAMSIN that governs most of the run Once this is mastered a second sweep over the script unveils details of the execution Document ends by indicating how to modify forecast length date model resolution and limited area location within RAMSIN The BRAMS binary execution file invoked by the script and included in the download runs sequentially on any PC architecture IA32 Linux System Even if that is not the desired target BRAMS platform reading and understanding this basic material is a vital step to understand BRAMS 1 2 History of BRAMS BRAMS Brazilian Regional Atmospheric Modeling System simulates atmospheric circulations on limited geographical area It has his roots on RAMS Regional Atmospheric Modeling Syste
26. ng CPTEC global files First step is to convert files containing the state of the atmosphere over time as forecasted by CPTEC into a file format that BRAMS understands CPTEC produces files 9 on grib format containing the state of the atmosphere on a Gaussian grid that encompasses South America BRAMS does not understand this file format it expects an ASCII file on a regular grid that contains the state of the atmosphere File conversion is performed by gribT126_to_dp x the first step of runBRAMS sh There is a new version of this application in http www cptec inpe br brams utilities_grib2dp shtml The new version allows to use CPTEC analysis files that encompasses others regions Visit the page for more informations Input and output data files reside at directory dprep CPTEC global files input to gribT126_to_dp x are named GAMRAMSXXXX grib BRAMS input files output of gribT126 to dp x are named dpYYYY Both files span the same domain 1 4 2 Build surface files for the desired limited area Second step is to generate topography sea surface temperature and vegetation cover files for the desired limited area The script accomplishes this step by executing BRAMS driven by input file RAMSIN sfc Input data files are those contained at directories sst topol0km topo and veg usgs Resulting files are stored at directory data These are files sst brams W XXXX ndvi brams N YYYY sfc brams X ZZZZ and toph brams S WWWW 1 4 3 Build
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28. on is set to 00 hour of October 25 of 2005 the TIMMAX and TIMEUNIT could be set up to 24 and H respectively If the starting hour is set to 12 the TIMMAX could be set up to 12 Once these dates are set just run all the five script steps Make sure all three RAMSIN are correctly modified 1 7 2Changing model resolution Limited area size and resolution are defined by four variables at MODEL_GRID namelist NNXP 35 78 34 Number of x gridpoints NNYP 34 82 34 Number of y gridpoints DELTAX 112000 DELTAY 112000 X and Y grid spacing Observe that while DELTAX and DELTAY both Fortran real variables define model resolution in meters the length of the limited area at each dimension is the product of the number of grid intervals which is the number of grid points minus one by the grid spacing at each direction Usually the x axis represents longitudes while the y axis stands for latitudes Note that the NNXP and NNYP variables both Fortran integer variables have a three numbers sequence As previously stated the second and the third numbers define a three nested grid system with increasing grid refinement In the first time user version only the first term should be changed since variable NGRIDS is set to 1 Changing model resolution comes with a price As expected there is an increase in execution time due to the increase in domain points But there is another factor that increases execution time the value of ti
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30. ound by any additional provisions that may appear in any communication from You This License may not be modified without the mutual written agreement of the Licensor and You Creative Commons is not a party to this License and makes no warranty whatsoever in connection with the Work Creative Commons will not be liable to You or any party on any legal theory for any damages whatsoever including without limitation any general special incidental or consequential damages arising in connection to this license Notwithstanding the foregoing two 2 sentences if Creative Commons has expressly identified itself as the Licensor hereunder it shall have all rights and obligations of Licensor Except for the limited purpose of indicating to the public that the Work is licensed under the CCPL neither party will use the trademark Creative Commons or any related trademark or logo of Creative Commons without the prior written consent of Creative Commons Any permitted use will be in compliance with Creative Commons then current trademark usage guidelines as may be published on its website or otherwise made available upon request from time to time Creative Commons may be contacted at http creativecommons org 28 APENDIX C Free Software Needs Free Documentation The following article was written by Richard Stallman founder of the GNU Project The biggest deficiency in the free software community today is not in the software it is the la
31. ours clock of the data contained on initial files Horizontal model grid is specified by variables NNXP NNYP DELTAX DELTAY CENLAT and CENLON Observe that each of these variables in any of the three RAMSIN contain three values That is because BRAMS allows grid nesting meaning that three grids with increasing resolution but with decreasing geographical area are specified But only the external grid is used the two internal grids are not used That is due to the value of the NGRIDS variable set to 1 Namelist MODEL FILE INFO specify all input and output files for some of the execution modes of BRAMS and how to interpret them Take as an example variables HFILOUT and AFILOUT both Fortran character strings that specify the prefix of history and analysis files Variables FROHIS and FROANL both Fortran real values specify the frequency of writing history and analysis files Namelist MODEL_ OPTIONS select methods for physics surface and dynamics during forecast See for example variable LEVEL a Fortran integer that defines the microphysics level of the run from a very simple microphysics value 1 to a complex and costly microphysics value 3 Namelist MODEL SOUND is a short namelist to deal with sounding specification Namelist MODEL PRINT specifies which fields should be printed on BRAMS standard output and their frequency Namelist CATT INFO controls the running of the Coupled Aerosol and Tracer Transport CATT scheme I
32. p over the script just explains the basics A second sweep at section shows details Decompression of the tarball brams4 0 serial tar gz produces a directory hierarchy containing all files required by BRAMS All output files will also be written into the same directory hierarchy Initially BRAMS home directory has the following files A dprep micro RAMSIN vfile sst veg usgs Brams4 0 serial x H RAMSIN initial RAMSPOST55 topo data ivar RAMSIN sfc runBRAMS sh topol0km File brams4 0 serial x is BRAMS executable Files RAMSIN initial RAMSIN sfc and RAMSIN vfile are input data governing BRAMS execution Directory RAMSPOST55 contains post processing executable input data files and visualization scripts Directories A and H are initially empty since they are reserved for BRAMS output forecast A is for model forecasts known as analysis and H for model restart files known as history Directories ivar and data are also initially empty since they are reserved for BRAMS intermediate output Remaining directories contain input data for the various stages of BRAMS execution e Directory sst contains sea surface temperature files e Directories topo and topol0km contain topography files e Directory veg usgs contains vegetation files e Directory micro contains a special input microphysics file e Directory dprep contains CPTEC global forecast files We proceed by visiting each step of the script runBRAMS sh 1 4 1 Converti
33. ree manual are roughly the same as for free software Redistribution including the normal kinds of commercial redistribution must be permitted so that the manual can accompany every copy of the program both on line and on paper Permission for modification of the technical content is crucial too When people modify the software adding or changing features if they are conscientious they will change the manual too so they can provide accurate and clear documentation for the modified program A manual that leaves you no choice but to write a new manual to document a changed version of the program is not really available to our community Some kinds of limits on the way modification is handled are acceptable For example requirements to preserve the original author s copyright notice the distribution terms or the list of authors are ok It is also no problem to require modified versions to include notice that they were modified Even entire sections that may not be deleted or changed are acceptable as long as they deal with nontechnical topics like this one These kinds of restrictions are acceptable because they don t obstruct the community s normal use of the manual However it must be possible to modify all the technical content of the manual and then distribute the result in all the usual media through all the usual channels Otherwise 29 the restrictions obstruct the use of the manual it is not free and we need another manual t
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36. s suited for visualization Current script produces files for the Grads visualization tool 10 Post processing is performed by the ramspost55 x executable at directory RAMSPOST55 invoked by the shell command run sh at the end of the runBRAMS script file Input files are the Analysis files Output files are the result XXX files at RAMSPOSTS55 directory Picture generation is performed by Grads taking as input result XXX files and producing as output topo gif and temp gif files all at RAMSPOST55 directory Grads is invoked by script run sh 1 5 Governing the run the RAMSIN file Before proceeding into a deeper understanding of BRAMS execution it is central to understand how to govern the run RAMSIN is the input file that specifies an execution of BRAMS Observe that runBRAMS sh executes BRAMS three times each ingesting a specific RAMSIN RAMSIN sfc to build surface files RAMSIN vfile to build initial and boundary conditions and RAMSIN initial to run the forecast These three files differ only by the execution mode variable RUNTYPE at namelist MODEL GRIDS Another way to achieve the same result is to have a single RAMSIN file modifying the RUNTYPE input variable according to the desired run RAMSIN is composed by a set of Fortran 90 namelist data that govern the execution of BRAMS in two modes as an atmospheric model BRAMS and as a data acquisition program BRAMS ISAN standing for ISentropic ANalysis There are a few
37. sers 66420 2002 06 19 10 46 SOCT90S000E Srwrr rr user users 66420 2002 06 19 10 46 SOCT90S180W rw r r user users 66420 2002 06 19 10 46 SSEP90S000E ru E F user users 66420 2002 06 19 10 46 SSEP90S180W Output SST filename path and prefix are defined by the SSTFPFX namelist variable a Fortran character string Observe that output SST files at directory data have the prefix sst brams as defined by the SSTFPFX variable Topography and Vegetation Cover files Input surface files path and prefix are defined by variables JTOPTFN IFEGTFN and ISOILFN all Fortran character strings at RAMSIN namelist MODEL FILE INFO The named files contain respectively topography vegetation type and soil textural class ITOPTFN topol0km H IVEGTFN veg_usgs VEGET_ ISOILEN Output surface files path and prefix are defined by the SFCFILES variable in RAMSIN namelist MODEL_FILE_INFO SFCFILES data sfc brams Output surface files contain topography soil textural class vegetation type and subgrid distribution of soil textural class vegetation type and water surface areas for each model grid Observe that output files at directory data have the prefix sfc brams as defined by the SFCFILES variable 1 6 3 Build initial and boundary conditions for the desired limited area The third step of runBRAMS sh is to execute BRAMS with RUNTYPE set to MAKEVFILE This run produces files with initial and boundary conditions
38. t all atmospheric and soil prognostic variables are initialized from a varfile prepared in earlier runs Varfiles will be obtained from path and prefix specified by the value of the VARFPFX variable of the MODEL FILE INFO namelist as explained in the previous step Varfiles will be used only if model runs with variable RUNTYPE is set to INITIAL or HISTORY and variable INITIAL at MODEL FILE INFO namelist is set to 2 RUNTYPE INITIAL Variable initialization input INITIAL 2 Initial fields 1 horiz homogeneous 2 init from varfile 3 init from HFILIN 16 There are other ways to initialize the forecast Variables can be initialized with homogeneous values if INITIAL is set to 1 or interpolated from a previous history file if RUNTYPE is set to HISTORY To run BRAMS 4 0 in the standard mode as a atmospheric model i e Not using CATT or TEB the user need to set two variables in the sections SCATT INFO and STEB INFO to deactivate these emission models SCATT INFO CATT 0 1 CATT environmental model activated 0 off SEND STEB INFO TEB 0 1 TEB activated 0O off SEND The output files produced by BRAMS forecast phase are History and Analysis files History files contain all information required to restart the model Analysis files contain the output of the forecast Variables that control Analysis and History file paths prefix and frequency are shown bellow all at namelist MODEL_FILE INFO IOUTPUT
39. t allows activate or not the CATT emission model and specifies the variables needed in this special case of simulation Namelist TEB INFO controls the running of the Town Energy Budget TEB scheme It activate or not the TEB emission model and specifies the variables needed in this special case of simulation Note that in this version 4 0 of BRAMS is not possible to run booth emission model CATT and TEB at the same time This new feature is planed to be available only in future versions 12 Namelists ISAN CONTROL and ISAN_ISENTROPIC controls data assimilation including the insertion of local observations These namelists will be extensively referred throughout this document The Configuration section of this document shows how to modify RAMSIN to fit a specific area of South America and a specific time For in depth information see MODEL INPUT NAMELIST PARAMETERS by Robert L Walko and Craig J Tremback 2002 at http www atmet com html docs documentation shtml 1 6 A deeper understanding Our second sweep over the five steps of the script will reveal how each step works and how to drive each run 1 6 1 Converting CPTEC Global Files Any limited area forecast model requires knowledge of the state of the atmosphere at the beginning of the computation for grid initialization and from time to time for boundary conditions and in the case of BRAMS to nudge the external state of the atmosphere into the internal state
40. ta for each model grid and usually for multiple times BRAMS expects a latitude longitude grid with climatology values for each month of the year or for each week In BRAMS first time users download directory sst has the following files rw r r user users 66420 2002 06 19 10 46 SAPR90S000E rw r r user users 66420 2002 06 19 10 46 SAPR90S180W rw r r user users 66420 2002 06 19 10 46 SAUG90S000E rw r r user users 66420 2002 06 19 10 46 SAUG90S180W rw r r user users 66420 2002 06 19 10 46 SDEC905000E rw r r user users 66420 2002 06 19 10 46 SDEC90S180W EW r E user users 66420 2002 06 19 10 46 SFEB90S000E rw r r user users 66420 2002 06 19 10 46 SFEB90S180W rw r r user users 433 2004 05 13 13 57 SHEADER rw r r user users 66420 2002 06 19 10 46 SJAN90S000E rw r r user users 66420 2002 06 19 10 46 SJAN90S180W 14 rw r r user users 66420 2002 06 19 10 46 SJUL90S000E rw r r user users 66420 2002 06 19 10 46 SJUL90S180W rw r r user users 66420 2002 06 19 10 46 SJUN90S000E rw r r user users 66420 2002 06 19 10 46 SJUN90S180W trw t user users 66420 2002 06 19 10 46 SMAR90S000E rw r r user users 66420 2002 06 19 10 46 SMAR90S180W rw r r user users 66420 2002 06 19 10 46 SMAY90S000E rw r r user users 66420 2002 06 19 10 46 SMAY90S180W rw r r user users 66420 2002 06 19 10 46 SNOV90S000E rw r r user users 66420 2002 06 19 10 46 SNOV90S180W rw r r user u
41. tains the forecasted state of the atmosphere as of 06 hours GMT of October 31 2005 obtained from a global model run starting with the state of the atmosphere as of 00 hours GMT of October 25 2005 Be sure to collect all files required for the local area forecast These encompass all files from starting date to end date Intermediate files should be available every 6 hours to establish boundary conditions Second step is to specify the forecast initial date On namelist MODEL GRID at RAMSIN change variables IMONTH1 10 IDATE1 25 IYEAR1 2005 ITIME1 00 to the desired forecast starting date Third step is to specify forecast time length and time unit by setting appropriate values for variables TIMMAX and TIMEUNIT at the same namelist Note that the forecast must start at the date and hour indicated by some GAMRAMS filename For example if you download files GAMRAMS20051025002005103100P fct T126L28 grb GAMRAMS20051025002005103106P fct T126L28 grb GAMRAMS20051025002005103112P fct T126L28 grb GAMRAMS20051025002005103118P fct T126L28 grb GAMRAMS20051025002005110100P fct T126L28 grb then forecast could start with variable JTIME equals to one of 00 06 12 or 18 The most recent GAMRAMS file must have lt current time gt either equal or superior to the date defined by the sum of the starting date of the forecast with the value of the 18 TIMMAX variable To the GAMRAMS files listed above if the start of simulati
42. the RAMSIN file Consequently it does not know the area to be forecasted It is the user s responsibility to guarantee that the forecasted area lies within the area covered by the GAMRAMS and the dp files 1 6 2 Build surface files for the desired limited area After converting CPTEC global model output files the second step of runBRAMS sh is to execute BRAMS with RUNTYPE set to MAKESFC in RAMSIN In this run type global data files with sea surface temperature soil type and topography will 13 be converted to files that just cover the limited area and grid defined by the namelist MODEL GRIDS in RAMSIN File sfc out at BRAMS home directory stores the standard output of this run SST soil type and topography files are required for each model forecast run They are usually output of a separate model run RUNTYPE set to MAKESFC as in this step of the runBRAMS sh script If RUNTYPE is instead set to MAKEVFILE or INITIAL and if they already exist from a prior run and are consistent with model grid size and location as in this case they are directly used Files produced by this run are stored at directory data rw r r 1 user users 9907 2005 12 02 13 35 ndvi brams N 2005 01 24 000000 g1 vfm rw 1r gt r 1 user users 106570 2005 12 02 13 35 sfc brams S gl vfm rw r r 1 user users 5022 2005 12 02 13 35 sst brams W 0000 01 16 120000 91 vfm rw r r 1 user users 5022 2005 12 02 13 35 sst brams W 0
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