USER MANUAL OF EMERGY SIMULATOR
Contents
1. 11 7 Is it possible to choose the plotting color of a curve 16 16 16 17 17 17 19 24 24 24 27 28 30 31 Chapter 1 Modeling at different levels 1 1 Overview of the modeling methodology While also being open for simpler usages like diagram editing EmSim attempt at reflect ing the steps you would do when modeling ecological economics systems Observations __ Brain Storming nnee Measures we dns Inferential Statistics Measures wenn Hypothnesis a Inferential Statistics a Emergy Track Summing pe Formulas Divisions Formulas Figure 1 1 simulation methodology CHAPTER 1 MODELING AT DIFFERENT LEVELS 4 EMERGY SIMULATOR lol x File Edit View Format Shape Select Graph Extras Help Modeling Simulation Assistant alele a ele xjoje 7 a jaja M afafa aeiee Oo Ali bet lolx ME gt Growth on two sources a NS En et Celis 13 Components foo Figure 1 2 an overview of the Emergy Simulator interface 1 2 The different levels of modeling with Emergy Simulator 1 2 1 Drawing an energy graph That s the first level of using Emergy Simulator You can draw an energy diagram respect ing some conventions enunciated by H T Odum 5 You can ignore the upper modeling levels and forget the dynamical constraints For that purpose Emergy Simul2. 2 2 Fundamental principles 2 2 1 Describing a system evolution by means of state variables First the user should understand that the Odum modeling language like many others require to define a set of variables that characterize the state of the system they are called state variables Those state variables are changing along the time Notice that the in the Odum energy language we are only looking at the state variable evolution with regard to the time and not with regard to other variables Thus we will describe our time evolution by means of ordinary differential equations by opposition to equations with partial derivatives For more information about this point look at time dependent system state set of time dependent state variables 2 2 2 Diagramming the first order state variation As being a graphical language the Odum energy language requires the user the draw a diagram expressing the constraints linking the state variables of the system to simulate CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION TO ODUM S DYNAMIC ENERGY LANGUAGE MODELING7 The first step is to draw the state variables For each state variable design a storage component in the graph area Be careful storages aren t always capacitive they could also be inductive while this is less common in ecological modeling Also notice the you will then express the variations of first order of those state variables because the system should be ordinary and of degree one So you shoul
3. _ scaling factors 5 000 dQ3 at Q3 K6 Q2 K2 200 red 1 1 parameters T values integration options values pseudo_conductivity pseudo conductivity pseudo_conductivity flow pseudo_conductivity constant_flow let 0 03 166 8 113 0 2000 2000 1 sin vS8 2 68E 4 0 0050 nnan initial time lend time steps a 5 000 50 000 Ei show FrAid script M autoscale i new windows integrate Quit First look on the right to the differential equation is there some explicit error If yes may be your diagram isn t correct If there are error message try to find out the wrong component and fix it by choosing other s models or modifying the connections may be you tried to use models that aren t yet implemented in the current version of Emergy Simulator Look in the What s is new or Readme file with your version to be sure that models are implemented If not feel free to jump into the code to implement it by yourself Then have a look in the developer manual Finally it could be an Emergy Simulator bug If you suspect that case then tell it to the project responsible using his e mail or better using the forum at the sourceforge website If the differential system is OK then enter or modify the initial conditions and the parameters when selecting a line of a parameter or an initial condition it automatically selects the corresponding com
4. gt EEn gt ouveau graphe E default_pathway m D pathway without backforce Di pathway with back force path 4 Then you will need to enter the parameters of the models You have two alternatives to do so either edit each model and enter the required parameters either do it later in the simulation panel This second method is the faster Indeed that way you will be sure to enter exactly the right number of parameters You won t forget one and you won t be asked for non useless parameters See the following section about the dynamic simulation panel fore more explanations 27 CHAPTER 8 THE DYNAMIC SIMULATION INTERFACE zij zi Here you need to tell what kind of simulation you are pl ae This will filter out some unuseful parameters in the modi J static emergy torcing gt oo al Editon of the model parameters T static emergy track summing TZ quantity evolution T dynamic emergy track summing oK Cancel 8 1 Using the dynamical simulation panel 28 Once the diagram is done and sub models are chosen in the menu bar choose Simulation gt Start a new simulation Then the dynamical simulation panel appears Time the diagram tem This is the differential system resulting from your diagram right state variations expressions dO dt initial conditions colors 0 05 blue 1402 dt Q2 K2 10 1 K0 Q1 Q1 K1 i 100lgreen
5. thus for complex systems emergy algebra wasn t respected I ve only been told to build a dynamic energy simulation tool I argued that the track summing algorithm isn t really hard to implement once you make the effort of knowing a graph handler so the situation may slightly change with emergy simulator well hopefully One should keep in mind that a dynamic simulation even wrong is far better than a static one since it allows historical perspective and thus validation or invalidation potentiality Chapter 2 Introduction to Odum s dynamic energy language modeling 2 1 A language similar to bond graphs The energy language introduced by H T Odum in 4 is very similar to the bond graph language 2 In 1983 in 4 pages 87 88 Odum was already aware of this similarity but in 2004 it seems that this similarity should be even more exploited Indeed in our todays information globalized world bond graphs became a very efficient way to make various systems interact with each other by exploiting the very universal energy interface Also lot of research about bond graphs have been done Today it seems to be a standard of simulation and communication In the sake of some universality as much as possible in this report similarities between Odum s energy language and bond graphs are explained Thus systems ecology gets closer to this universal tool also really appropriate for the emergy algebra instead of going in an esoteric direction
6. a server that will build a global emergy knowledge data bank An other advantage of such XML file is that there is a big chance that your work will be directly compatible with future emergy simulator versions Even if not by knowing the changes ask for the developer then you could modify lightly by hand you jgx file in order to adapt it For that purpose open it with a text editor TextPad for instance and adapt it To open a saved file choose File gt Open and then find your jgx file in the explorer 5 2 Saving files as binary files On the opposite to typed text files like XML the basic way of saving a work is to store the numeric value of all created objects In this case you get a very heavy binary file Libraries of Emergy Simulator are stored this way To make a library select the desired cells of your diagram Then in the popup menu choose insert to library Then in choose File gt Library gt Save as in the menu bar in order 17 CHAPTER 5 WORKING WITH FILES AND DOCUMENTS WITH EMERGY SIMULATOR18 to save the library You will get a lib file Opening an existing library is done by choosing File gt Library gt Open Chapter 6 The general graphical user interface We explain here the main features to help you to draw an energy diagram Let s start with an empty new file Use the modeling bar to drop in the desired component into the graph area main white area HA Ali ll el AIO Figure 6 1 the modeling t
7. extremities 2 2 4 How an edge flow is defined So you know that each term of a state variable variation is equivalent to the flow in an edge connected to the corresponding storage So now you preoccupation is to define that flow properly The flow through a pathway depends both on the edge type and both on the two components connected at each side of the edge Be careful some components behave differently depending on the port they are connected We will explain how is computed the flow crossing an edge by default at first CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION TO ODUM S DYNAMIC ENERGY LANGUAGE MODELING8 1 if the component connect at the target of the edge is demanding a flow then this flow is pumped to the component connected at the source of the edge 2 else if the component connected at the source of the edge impose a flow then this flow is imposed to the component connected at the target of the edge 3 else the component connected at the source of the edge should provide a force The resulting flow is the product of this force times the pseudo conductivity of the edge Moreover depending on the edge model the flow can be altered For instance a sensor edge only pass the information and have a null flow An edge with back force provide a flow proportional to the force gradient when no flow is imposed At the end you would need to study the following design element section to understand better how each component works 2 2 5 Adding othe
8. given flow at any force Such elements are for instance flow sources or inductive storages Other elements behave differently depending of the port they are connected Chapter 3 Dynamical energy language design elements 3 1 Pathways internal parameter by default a pathway only have one internal parameter the pseudo conductivity factor k In the case that force providers elements are connected at the both extremities the resulting flow in the edge is obtained by multiplying the force gradient by the pseudo conductivity no back force Except if the pathway is connected to an interaction symbol then the flow is only proportional to the the origin node force ej f kxe with back force Except if the pathway is connected to an interaction symbol then the flow is proportional to the force gradient respectively ej at origin and ez at the target f k x e1 e2 with back force but valve The flow behave like it does with a simple pathway with back force but only if the flow is superior to a threshold m This threshold is an additional internal parameter _j kx e1 e2 iff gt m f 0 else sensor without flow This pathway emphasis that an parameter from one vertex is passed to an other by the pathway without any appreciable energy flow an informa tion for instance For this edge type the pseudo conductivity becomes useless In fact such a pathway only propagate an information f 0 CHAPTER 3 DYNAMICAL ENERGY L
9. thanks either to the shape popup menu or either to the menu bar you can access lots of intuitive features like editing the color of the cell editing the width of the cell no border rotate one or several cells zooming scrolling copy and paste select all search group ungroup send to back send to front align display ruler display grid change magnetism Finally don t hesitate to use the util lib library or to build your custom library in order to be more efficient Once a library is opened just select a component and drag it into the graph area Chapter 7 The static emergy analysis interface Emergy Simulator has been thought to allow different level of use 7 1 Static emergy forcing This first level of use isn t a simulation use Emergy Simulator simply allows you to save emergy data that is quantities energies emergies and transformities in the XML archive that will be created with your diagram If you choose that use then you are supposed to find your emergies and transformities by yourself with your own logic I don t believe one second that there are other logics than the ones respecting the emergy laws but in fact most of emergy users don t question much and simply estimate emergies by multiplying quantity flows by transformities they find miraculously in an Odum s book I personally don t support this use because I think this discredits the emergy methodology However such user can have the
10. 00 0 Lel OKKO K1 JJ KIK 2 I KSK AKE BAHT the result is read the real part Compute to selected nodes Compute for all nodes V Tracing mode Quit Next Step EmSim9 EmSim demos emergy_flows static_tracksummii s is a complex emergy propagation example from the vironmental Accounting Odum s book see page 100 By affecting the same energy or quantity data you can verify that EmSim compute the same results Yes EmSim works derstand energy losses havn t been epresented Adding them doesn t change the esult Also the split connected to 5 has been properly parametered in order to be quivalent to the original model 10000 0 a KO quantity _tlow 40000 0 K1 quantity_flow 0 0 K2 quantity_flow 3000 0 iel Compute to selected nodes Compute for all nodes JV Tracing mode rstand energy losses havn t been esented Adding then doesn t change the lt Also the split connected to 5 has properly parametered in order to be valent to the original model F 20000 0 S KOKO K1 KIK 2HKIH S KONKOHKT KEK 2 K IHF the result is read the real part You can verify through those examples that even the most complicated cases of track summing are correctly handled by EmSim since its version 0 9 See CHAPTER 7 THE STATIC EMERGY ANALYSIS INTERFACE 26 the chapter for more details about this pedagogical example A good feature for the future woul
11. ANGUAGE DESIGN ELEMENTS 10 energy sink Behave like a classic pathway with back force except that this pathway drive energy that isn t concentrated enough to drive any process in the system In in the future releases of Emergy Simulator we will make the pseudo conductivity slave from the other pathway incoming to the origin node since all remaining energy should outflow to the sink Although we might draw several energy sink they all will share the same conceptual model that is the same instance of the sink model class The power can only be inflowing to that element half arrow in bond graphs f Kslave X 1 3 2 Node classification and number of ports Although graphically each node do have several ports in order to be connected One should keep in mind that it s somewhat artificial it only stands for graphical purposes On the contrary mathematically ports are out from the graph theory Instead of having ports as children a node should simply be connected to ports as they would be with other nodes without this special parent child relationship On the other hand this Jgraph 6 parent child relationship is really useful in energy language because a single node may have different behaviors depending on the port it s connected and this should be shown graphically see for instance the interaction symbol But to make clear the difference between the graphical displaying and the mathematical meaning it should be said that al
12. USER MANUAL OF EMERGY SIMULATOR Raph l Valyi Ecole Centrale de Lyon generalist engineering student July 13 2005 Contents 1 2 Modeling at different levels 1 1 Overview of the modeling methodology ee 1 2 The different levels of modeling with Emergy Simulator 1 2 1 Drawing an energy graph e 1 2 2 Running a static emergy analysis o 1 2 3 Running a dynamic quantity simulation 1 2 4 Running a dynamic emergy simulation Introduction to Odum s dynamic energy language modeling 2 1 A language similar to bond graphs 2 2 Fundamental principles s s e s w acd ece oe aci ai e i e a 2 2 1 Describing a system evolution by means of state variables 2 2 2 Diagramming the first order state variation 2 2 3 Diagramming a state variable variation 2 2 4 How an edge flow is defined a o oa cs assanar aa daraa aa 2 2 5 Adding other nodes than storage to control the flows 2 2 6 Force and flow providers o e cat tps Dynamical energy language design elements Sil Pathways o c os oc ae a AA A a aS 3 2 Node classification and number of ports o e 3 3 One port elements e Gok DUOPAGER as an ada a A A A Giese OUWE Lee e RE A ee ES 3 4 Two ports elements asen ee lt ka ee 34 1 Regulation symbol s s sae er an
13. aren bee ee a ee an 3 5 Three ports elements e 3 5 1 General interaction symbol eee 3 5 2 Some specific interactions o soosoo 3 5 3 Split branchings and junctions o oo a a 3 6 Four ports elements os soso iaswan nannaa a eee Sook Transa Om ae ee E e ee Ble at BA ee PR SS Bil Piveporis elements ns ck a ee el Ra de ee i Stel WIERD rn or ae Re eke hae ee ee ow 1r qa BR ww CONNAADWAA CONTENTS 9 Introduction to Odum s emergy modeling 4 1 Steady state emergy modeling 02 4 2 Dynamical emergy modeling o o e Working with files and documents with Emergy Simulator 5 1 saving fillesas KML ss sotd nawa an aranea puli eG a 5 2 Saving files as binary files o The general graphical user interface The static emergy analysis interface mi Static emergy forcing sa lt a ba sawm poa a ae RO 7 2 Static emergy track summing osoa e The dynamic simulation interface 8 1 Using the dynamical simulation panel Getting help 10 Samples 11 FAQ 11 1 Is it possible to include pictures inside symbols 11 2 How EmSim deals with transparent pictures 11 3 How to draw mullti line label or text 11 4 How to use the sink symbol o 11 5 How to specify a graph cell submodel 11 6 How to blend a pathway symbol o o
14. ated by H T Odum 1 2 3 Running a dynamic quantity simulation To do this you will need to build your energy diagram while keeping in mind the dynamic mathematical meaning of each component No abusive aggregation will be allowed here That s is the model will be based on elementary elements only no groups without any internal description will be allowed However hiding a complex subsystem by aggregating it into a producer a consumer or a generic subsystem symbol should be allowed in the future But I m quite sure I won t have enough time to code such a feature Instead after a compete model definition the user could be allowed to artificially make the complex system smaller by zooming out and eventually could hide it behind a group symbol while this would not be interpreted by the software 1 2 4 Running a dynamic emergy simulation If you can build a dynamic model and if you can tell what is the value of each input inde pendent emergy source then Emergy Simulator will perform a track summing algorithm respecting the emergy algebra and will plot the emergy to each node along the time and the transformity in each pathway Please notice that very few dynamic emergy studies have already been un dertaken The reason is probably lack of real data lack of competence in dynamical systems and finally lack of simulation tools I should say that what I ve seen from the Extend source code convince me that no track summing was performed and
15. ator offers all standard features you can expect from a commercial diagram editor See the graphical user interface for more informations 1 2 2 Running a static emergy analysis Once your energy diagram is done if you didn t get enough data to build a dynamic math ematical model you could nevertheless by hand allocate static available energy exergy flows to each pathway in order to process a static emergy analysis The only thing you need to be really cautious is to determine whether energy splits are extensive split branchings or co productive split branchings see Indeed consistent emergy algebra has only been built upon this basis Lots of people do their approximations around those two kind of primary branchings because they don t manage to fit real flows in any class of elementary branchings Clearly some more theoretical research should be undertaken in this field But at the moment considering all I ve read I can t find any scientific way for accounting non elementary branchings On the other hand it seems that a profound investigation of physical phenomenons always permit to express a flow in various primary flows At the moment Emergy Simulator only pretends to run emergy algebra with elementary branchings Once this allocation is done you will be allowed to run a static emergy track summing CHAPTER 1 MODELING AT DIFFERENT LEVELS 5 that s a propagation of emergy in the network respecting the emergy rules ennuci
16. d also be to let the user the opportunity to pick up some flows directly in the graph to include them in an emergy table This table could be saved as an Excel spread sheet thanks to the java open source jexcelapi 3 package From the table the emergy indices will be calculated Then basic pie chart or histograms could be made and saved thanks to the JFreeChart package Chapter 8 The dynamic simulation interface This is one of the most advanced feature of Emergy Simulator You can indeed build dynamical system using the graphical energy language defined by H T Odum For instance most of the examples from the Computer Minimodels Odum s handbook 1 will be handled by Emergy Simulator without any major modification To afford dynamical simulation special care should be taken with the models of the cells you are connecting You will also be asked to enter initial conditions initial storages and parameters 1 So the first step is to draw your energy dynamic diagram while paying attention to the logic of your drawing First draw the nodes 2 Then connected the nodes with pathways Be careful to connect properly the com ponents Some components require a fix number of connections 3 Then select each component one by one and choose the appropriate sub model The first time you are choosing a sub model you will be asked to also choose the kind of simulation you are undertaking Choose dynamic quantity simulation iO Aly bb
17. d design as much new storage as required to get such a system look at for more details state variable storage symbol Basically storage variable are supposed to be either energies either variables which are linked to an energy like material quantities To fulfill the energy language strict definition when those quantities are flowing across the pathways of the graph the energy transfered should be proportional to the flow At least that s the condition for applying emergy concepts on your diagram Thus each pathway of the energy network do have an energy power expressed as P e f were P is the energy power in Joule per second S I Units e is the pseudo effort f is the pseudo flow 2 2 3 Diagramming a state variable variation For each state variable your diagram should express the way this state variable evolve along the time So basically the first order variation of this variable is a linear combination of terms and each term is diagrammed as a flow inflowing or outflowing at the storage state variable variation term lt pathway connected to the storage By connecting the storages in various way you are building a graph strucure and even multi graph actually composed by nodes and edge or pathway Nodes are con trolling energy flows through their connexion ports whereas edges only represents those flows and determine if flows have a special behavior depending only on the force and back force the two pathway
18. e kind of syntax errors 4 1 Steady state emergy modeling Simply build you network The only important things are 1 the sources you are drawing are supposed to be independent 2 every flow bifurcations that are not on split models are considered co productions 4 2 Dynamical emergy modeling Similar as the steady state modeling but your diagram should be also a dynamical diagram like for quantities evolutions 16 Chapter 5 Working with files and documents with Emergy Simulator Emergy Simulator handles multi documents edition Each document contains a graph and also simulation settings By using the File button in the menu bar you can open a new document either empty either already saved you can save your current document and also open and save libraries Copy CRTL C and paste CTRL V is allowed between documents libraries and even between several session of Emergy Simulator However copying cells without modifying parameters can lead to bugs for dynamical simulation purposes Be careful 5 1 saving files as XML Once you diagram is drawn and eventually once you set up the components parameters save your work by choosing save or save as in the File button of the menu bar The file will be given a jgx extension Notice that this format of storage is an XML data type This is really powerful since you could then open your file by any kind of application Typically this would be useful if emergy diagrams were sent to
19. junctions A split or a junction of flows only happen one special kind of nodes the split junction node This component is present in the modeling bar and has three ports An other important characteristic is that its view can be either aggregated either expanded By default the view is expanded so the three ports are distinct In the popup menu you have the opportunity to switch for the aggregated view do it only when the split junction component is connected The left port will sum every inflows Connect several inflowing pathways to that port if you want the behavior of a flow junction Y inflows a Mi Y inflows 1457 M The upper right port has the following out force The downside right port has the following out flow If the connected component provide an aspiration ratio A then M Ax R Where R is the proportion of the flow naturally going through that port For instance the multiplicative interaction component will provide an aspiration factor equal the force of the other input force However most of components don t provide aspiration factors in that case M R R is an internal parameter of the split that you can set up Thus the sum of the outflow equal the inflow If you don t want several flows splitting then only connect the output to the right downside port and set R to 0 If you want more than two outputs at a split then you should decompose your split in a cascade of two outputs splits Then set
20. oolbar Warning you can drop other components than the ones that are present in the modeling bar But this should only stand for graphical purposes since those other cells don t have mathematical models neither will store parameters As you can see before clicking on a button simply by rolling over with the mouse you get a tool tip text giving some explanations about the action you are about to start After selecting one of the buttons of the modeling bar you should draw a rectangle with the mouse in the graph area The first click define the first corner of the rectangle while the second click define the opposite corner The rectangle becomes the bounding box of the component selected Be careful add the node component before connecting them we called node every component that isn t a pathway Once you added some node components You can connect them with pathways thus building a graph structure The pathway component should be selected in the modeling bar on the left Be careful pathways should be properly connected they should be connected to cell ports Once you selected the pathway button Approach the cursor from a drawn cell When getting close to the cell a live preview of the closest port appears If you are satisfied do the first click This define the source of the pathway Then approach the cursor to an other cell port By doing the second click you define the target of the pathway Now your pathway is displayed You have
21. opportunity to save their work as a compatible data bank XML file thanks to Emergy Simulator This mature attitude could enhance slightly the peer review since it links the diagram with the data To use Emergy Simulator this way simply edit the model of each node and pathway of your diagram Enter your emergy an transformity values They will be saved at the right place And they could be used by a data bank system 7 2 Static emergy track summing This level is much more serious since at least you will respect the rules of energy conser vation by respecting the rules of the emergy algebra defined by H T Odum see the part about the emergy in this report The minimum entries are the energy or quantity that flows in each splitting pathways and the emergy of every independent sources The best to enter those parameters is to to it after having started the simulation inside the parameter panel Then when you choose simulation a static track summing is performed and emergy to nodes are computed Here are some examples form the Odum_Tennebaum provided example 24 CHAPTER 7 THE STATIC EMERGY ANALYSIS INTERFACE 25 Static Emergy Track Summing Interface B 7 x Here is the emergy reaching the current node confirm xi K7 1 0 a 1D gt s emergy_to 10000 0 E F 20000 0 KO quantity_flow 10000 0 KA quantity flow loo SPKOMKO K1 K2K2 K3 4 S KOKOFKA IKK ZK IJK AK 4 KE HCE K2 quantity _flow 30
22. ource xls converter http www andykhan com jexcelapi 2004 Howard T Odum Systems Ecology An Introduction John Wiley amp Sons 1983 Howard T Odum Environmental Accounting EMERGY and En vironmental Decision Making John Wiley amp Sons 1996 extracts at http www unicamp br fea ortega htodum emergyaccount htm and http www unicamp br fea ortega agroecol emergy htm the jgraph team the jgraph and jgraphpad open source projects http www sourceforge net projects jgraph 2004 34 Index blending pathways 33 model definition 12 bond graphs 6 splines 33 static emergy simulation 4 static simulation interface 24 storage capacitive storage 11 inductive storage 11 model definition 11 contact 30 control points 33 dynamic emergy simulation 5 dynamic energy simulation 5 dynamic simulation interface 27 energy graph 4 AML U FAQ 32 forum 30 graphical interface 19 interaction model definition 13 multiplicative interaction 13 models choosing a submodel 33 pathways blending a pathway 33 models definition 9 sensor 9 with back force 9 with back force and valve 9 regulation 12 sensor 9 serialized files 17 simulation methodology 3 sink how to create the sink symbol 32 model definition 10 source flow source 12 force source 12 35
23. ow time 3 4 Two ports elements 3 4 1 Regulation symbol A pathway that has a regulation has its flow function of the inforce out flow f in force time demandedflow out flow Notice that a regulation represents an unary operator Notice that there is also an other similar regulation but that provides an out force instead of flow gt CHAPTER 3 DYNAMICAL ENERGY LANGUAGE DESIGN ELEMENTS 13 3 5 Three ports elements 3 5 1 General interaction symbol Regulations are unary operators whereas interactions are binary operators Indeed in general the three connected flows two inputs and one output are functions of the two inputs The functions can be different but a rule should be respected the output can t exceed the input sum in energy If the output is less then a sink pathway should be added downside this element and it should drive the remaining flow It becomes more complex as several interactions are connected or when pathways are of different kind out force f inforcel inforce2 time demandedflow out flow 3 5 2 Some specific interactions multiplicative When all pathways are without back force then out force inforcel inforce2 demandedflow out flow B f2 f1 f3 amplifier similar as the multiplicative interaction except that at an entry a null flow is demanded while the out flow is demanded to the other entry CHAPTER 3 DYNAMICAL ENERGY LANGUAGE DESIGN ELEMENTS 14 3 5 3 Split branchings and
24. pathway button in the modeling bar To blend the symbol you should add some more points that the two extremities Those points are called control points To add them simply move the cursor upon the pathway and press the mouse right click while pressing Shift on the keyboard Deleting a control point is done by the same procedure exactly upon the point you want to delete You can add as much control points as you need to blend the edge Of course you can also move the points with the mouse cursor Notice that sometimes the control point you add isn t ordered correctly with the other points This is a minor bug occurring when you add lots of points A solution is to displace by hand the previous points in order to properly adjust the curve 11 7 Is it possible to choose the plotting color of a curve Well not yet since the FrAid plot function doesn t receive the color map trough its plotting XML argument As a workaround you can still change the colo of any curve once it s plotted To do that right click on the plotting window and change the color map Bibliography E Howard T Odum Elisabeth C Odum Computers Minimodels and Simu lations Exercices for Science and Social Science Center for Environmen tal Policy University of Florida 1994 extracts Portuguese version at http www unicamp br fea ortega ecosim bondgraphs com About bond graphs http www bondgraphs com 2004 Andy Khan the jexcelapi java open s
25. ponent and highlight it so you can know which one it is If required move the simulation panel to see what component is selected CHAPTER 8 THE DYNAMIC SIMULATION INTERFACE 29 Finally click on the integrate button to start the Runge Kutta integration of your system and the plotting After several seconds a plotting window appear Resize it if necessary Probably your curves won t appear on the graph so you need to do the following right click in the plotting window in order to get the popup menu then choose autoscale This will scale the window for the curves to appear Of course you can use the other FrAid options for this window and also save the picture where you want a from your diagram right ressions initial conditions scaling factors P KIKEIOI KO Q1 Q1 I0 JE 4 _5 000 PATKI Chapter 9 Getting help Three solutions e read the following F A Q section e ask a question or read at the Emergy Simulator forum http sourceforge net forum group_id 102093 e contact me Raphael Valyi rvalyi44 hotmail com 30 Chapter 10 Samples The distribution of EmSim comes with a series of examples In an EmSim session open the examples from the following directory EmSim demos Among those examples a large part of the dynamic examples from the Computer Minimodels 1 Odum s book are provided It s very interesting to look how the model
26. r nodes than storage to control the flows So you know that there are pathways and nodes But at the time you only heard about storages which embodies the system state variables Actually to fully control the flows defining the storage variations you need to add other kind of nodes A basic classification of those other nodes would be sources they are working like storages providing force or flow but we neglect there variation at the scale of our system regulations the flow crossing a regulation node has two ports is an unary function of the force or force gradient between the two adjacent nodes interactions between various components All interactions can be composed by several three ports interaction which let pass in each edge a flow proportional to a binary function taking as argument the forces provided by two inputs macro interactions components with more than 3 different ports that provide in fact an association of simple interactions discrete event providers those component impose discrete variation on storage quan tities when a boolean condition is verified 2 2 6 Force and flow providers A basic concept of the Odum s energy language is that models either provide a force either provide directly a flow When forces are provided to pathway edges then the flow is a resulting consequence On the contrary we can assume that the flow is forced by a flow provider Such a component is assumed stable enough to provide a
27. s have been rebuilt what components and models have been used This illustration work has been made at the LEIA by Antoine Markey It s still unclear if the LEIA will provide the examples comments and instructions in the future such data would better saved inside the SimulationSettings java bean since it will automatically write and read an XML corresponding code If you are interested in those examples try to have a look at the book or contact the LEIA Other examples deal with emergy simulation The most famous is called Odum_Tennenbaum 31 Chapter 11 FAQ 11 1 Is it possible to include pictures inside symbols Yes since this is a JGraph feature With the cell popup select the image choice and choose an image Supported formats are jpeg png gif This is specially interesting for communication and pedagogical purposes since you can illustrate by a picture a symbol or even completely hide for the user a complex assembly 11 2 How EmSim deals with transparent pictures Like JGraph does People often like Visio to do fine presentations but for instance EmSim handles well transparencies If you yant to import a transparent picture then choose a gif format If no transparent color has been defined for that picture do it with a picture editor The free IrfanView does it fine for instance When exporting EmSim pictures you can also do it by saving as gif and selecting a transparency to apply with IrfanView Then simply add yo
28. the opportunity to blend it by adding some control points This is done by right clicking on the right place while pressing the shift 19 CHAPTER 6 THE GENERAL GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE 20 HO A del gt El El New Graph Pathway add spline control points by pressing Shift Mouse Right Click key Then move this control point where you want Add as much as you want To delete a control point select it with the cursor and again right click while pressing shift Figure 6 2 blending a pathway symbol CHAPTER 6 THE GENERAL GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE 21 An other important graphical feature for edges is the possibility to delete the arrow symbol This can be done through the popup menu Choose a model Edit the cell model 36 Cut Ctrl x a Copy Ctrl C M Delete Supprimer Paste Ctrl Insert into Library Crri Al I Line Lineends Stark Size Routing End Size Rotate Ma Lineends Properties A way to automatically fit the view of a pathway with its meaning is to choose the appropriate model for the pathway For instance selecting a sink pathway model will make the pathway to be displayed with a stroke xi default_pathway_model slected model D pathway without backforce sink pathway D pathway with back force D pathway with backforce but threshold valve LD sensor no energy flow a sink pathway B money pathway In future releases you ll get interactive help here else ha
29. though vertex do have lots of ports they only have a limited number of different port types ports models For instance a source has got several graphical ports but they only have one port model That s why I did the following formal classification as people generally do when dealing with bond graphs CHAPTER 3 DYNAMICAL ENERGY LANGUAGE DESIGN ELEMENTS 11 3 3 One port elements 3 3 1 Storages internal parameter the stock which is part of the system state vector capacitive storage examples are springs torsion bars electrical capacitors gravity tanks accumulators etc When encountering a capacitive storage EmSim builds a differential equation of firts order d 5 inflows direct consequence Q sa inductive storage examples are electrical inductance inertia of mechanical systems etc When encountering an inductive storage EmSim builds a differential equation of firts order dJ a 5 connectedf orces direct consequence t Ps i e dt 00 and f a P where a is proportionality coefficient CHAPTER 3 DYNAMICAL ENERGY LANGUAGE DESIGN ELEMENTS 12 3 3 2 Sources In fact a source is only a storage whose variation isn t appreciable within the considered time and space scale So the resulting force or flow is assumed constant or time dependent but not sensible to the outflowed quantity controlled force source internal parameter Force time controlled flow source internal parameter Fl
30. up correctly the parameters to obtain the right behavior An other solution would be you code an other specific model Look at the developer manual if you are interested to do so There is also an other used split split with proportional out The left port accept only one in force The upper right port provide a force force in force edgeconductinity The downside right remaining flow CHAPTER 3 DYNAMICAL ENERGY LANGUAGE DESIGN ELEMENTS 15 3 6 Four ports elements 3 6 1 Transaction An input force is used as ratio that will slave a out force to be proportional to a master entering flow and flows are conserved No time to explain it see how the demo files use it 3 7 Five ports elements 3 7 1 Switch The left port should be connected to a storage to empty The right port should be connected to a storage to fill The upper left port should be connected to the sensor force The upper middle port should be connected to the threshold The upper right port should be connected to re int force value If sensor force gt threshold then the a storage is set to the re int value while the other is filled with the same quantity Chapter 4 Introduction to Odum s emergy modeling In order to compute emergies properly across the diagram a proper modeling is required Nevertheless you will see that for steady state emergy considerations the modeling com ponents have less influence on the results while you could generate som
31. ur picture inside a pdf word or even power point document 11 3 How to draw mullti line label or text To create multi line labels you can use HTML Here is an example lt html gt first line lt br gt second line lt html gt Remark it s even possible to write almost any HTML text in a cell If that s really important for you then learn HTML or copy and paste an HTML text you generated with an HTML editor 11 4 How to use the sink symbol A sink symbol can be linked to any other symbol that support such a connection To create it select the cell you want to link to the new sink symbol use the popup menu select your cell and do mouse right click Then in the popup menu select connect to sink This will create a sink symbol under your cell You can also directly connect the cell to any other existing sink symbol 32 CHAPTER 11 FAQ 33 11 5 How to specify a graph cell submodel By default when you are drawing using the modeling tool bar the symbols are generic rather than specialized The consequence is that this allow you to draw anything but on the other hand you can t run a dynamic simulation this way To specialize your symbols use the popup menu mouse right click on the cell and then select choose a submodel Then you we need to enter the right parameters still using the popup menu or in the dynamic simulation panel 11 6 How to blend a pathway symbol You can add a pathway connector using the
32. ve a look at the technical repor Figure 6 3 making an edge to be diplayed with stroke Notice than other operations with pathways can be obtained by the tool bars width color or arrows editing Editing text into cells can be done by double clicking on the cell You can put text either on node either one pathways When it s a pathway you can then select and move the text If that s a node choose align options to control the text position Notice that CHAPTER 6 THE GENERAL GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE 22 you can choose the police the size the color or the display of any text by using the tool bar Multi lined text can be drawn two way either by selecting a text area cell in the tool bar either by using HTML The first solution isn t so good since it doesn t allow to hide the cell border neither to have a fine control of the text position In fact you can write in any node cell using HTML Any HTML text will be displayed So you can even use an HTML editor to provide the HTML code and then copy it into the cell For simple multi lined cell adapt this code write lt HTML gt first line lt br gt other line Warning if one line is to long compared with the cell size your text won t be centered anyway So use as necessary the line separator lt br gt HTML this is the first line br other line Figure 6 4 writting multi lined text in a cell CHAPTER 6 THE GENERAL GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE 23 Then
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