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Retaining Wall Installation Manual for Commercial Jobs using Allan

1. Other Reinforcement Options Masonry Reinforcement Allan Block retaining walls can be reinforced with the same proven techniques used for conventional masonry walls Allan Block masonry walls are useful on sites where geogrids are not feasible or cost effective because they rely on a reinforced footing and vertical pilasters to counteract lateral earth pressures These walls combine the mortarless stability of an Allan Block wall with the tensile strength of the steel rods in pilasters and the stability of the E o a footing The design and construction of these walls meet all building code requirements while factoring in the benefit of an inclined Allan Block wall The specific design requirements depend a ADA on site and soil conditions and wall heights See reference 10 Other System Options In addition to basic masonry wall systems Allan Block can accommodate special reinforcement systems such as no fines Allan Block anit concrete rock bolts earth anchors and soil nailing See page 30 31 for more information on No Fines Concrete and installation information No Fines Concrete NFC Backfill S CN NS YN OIDO S AAA ERT Y N XK KIIS Vords in block unt to be filled mia no fines concrefe TZ X RRRR Ny N X R A ES S ZR X
2. tional corner construction information can be found at reproved allanblock com 3 th 75 hana e Start construction of all walls we titan overlap at the corner This will keep the block alignment within the 3 in 75 mm overlap required Place an AB Corner Block at Step 1 Ensure base ts the corner Place AB Blocks o i to build the base course working out from the corner in both directions Step 1 Level backfill and compact e On the 2nd course place an alternating AB Corner Block Again work out from the corner in both directions Level backfill and compact Step 2 Repeat this procedure alternating every other course with AB Corner Blocks Leveling backfilling and compacting as the wall grows Step 3 Altering AB Corner Blocks for Different Setbacks AB Corner Blocks are manufactured with a 12 setback With some minor adjustments the blocks can be modified to work with any setback To modify the block for a 6 setback cut a notch on the short side of the block 0 75 in 20 mm deep For a 6 setback make a horizontal cut 0 75 tn 20 hana deep Remove this piece after curs made n allanblock com Construction Details Corners with Geogrid ab ALLAN Installing Geogrid on Inside 90 Corners On inside corners additional geogrid is required to extend past Geogrid with Inside 90 Corners allen blo decora the end of the wall 25 of the completed wall height H 4
3. SS SS sea ness EM oa oo Ss UN Y bat Wall A Height Je o a Gass SI No fines concrete Bi ock Are height varies per wall Anit height design aged Ni Sy q a GO POON Drain Pipe Vented To Pagloht Well graded granular wall rock 6 ta 150 hana ee 24 th 600 haha fess than 10 fines Ay Block and no fines concrete depth varer per total wall height design 0 25 ta fo 1 5 tn 6 haba TO 38 haha Typical Section Finished grade M IA ARIAS 7 CU CGO Ohh Concrete rout to solid ARM d fl Allan Block cores EN SRE YE RS Z EYP Stem reinforcement isi A Usa Wall rock Aye VAY Lap splice to a FM a DA Be AF ERA rahn pipe A Te ZZ bar diameter Ge SN SAA KX biel remforcemen YAA VN ND shall be equal in size NS DI ASA A Frost NA RE X and spacing to stenn J E reinforcement A UM U A Tae gat E ES E HKA sata efe 4 continuous rebars Co WG When considering special applications unusual job sites or Unique reinforcement requirements contact the Allan Block Corporation for engineering and design support The Allan Block Engineering Department provides assistance to engineering and design professionals worldwide For additional information and case studies call 800 899 5309 Earth Anchor loop geogrid
4. Construction Details Stairs Basic Stair Construction Always check local code requirements before building any type of stair application The steps below are general guidelines for building stairways By understanding the basic installation elements stairways can be easily incorporated into the wall installation e Before excavation can begin the rise and run of the stair treads must be determined and code requirements must be met With that infor mation the entire base trench can then be excavated Some exam ples of different stair tread options are illustrated below Our example here uses a base trench of 6 in 150 mm and a stair tread of AB Capstones and pavers e Excavate to the necessary depth and width for each stair riser and thoroughly compact the entire area to 95 Standard Proctor with a mechanical plate compactor e Check for level Starting at the first step fill the base trench with 6 in 150 mm of wall rock Rake smooth Compact and check for level Stairs need extra compaction to avoid any settling later Better compaction is achieved by backfilling and compacting in 4 in lifts 100 mm or less when able Install blocks on the base material Allow for a space of at least 6 in 150 mm behind the blocks for wall rock Adjust for level and alignment of each block as it s installed Install wall rock in the block cores fill any soace in front of and behind the block When backfilling behind th
5. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 69 R0904 R0901 R0903 ICC Legacy Report ER 5087 ASTM C90 ASTM C140 UBC 21 ASTM C1372 ASTM C1262 ACI 318 ASTM D6916 ASTM D6638 FHWA NHI 02 011 Washington DC 1987 Allan Block Engineering Manual June 2010 Allan Block Spec Book March 2009 Allan Block Seismic Testing Executive Summary November 2003 Allan Block ICC Evaluation Service Published March 2006 Load Bearing Concrete Masonry Units Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units Hollow and Solid Load Bearing Concrete Masonry Units Standard Specification for Segmental Retaining Wall Units Evaluating Freeze Thaw Durability Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete Standard Test Method for Determining the Shear Strength between Segmental Concrete Units Standard Test Method for Determining Connection Strength between Geosynthetic Reinforcement and Segmental Concrete Units Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes Jones Colin JFP Earth Reinforcement and Soil Structures Butterworths London England 1985 Mitchell J K et al Reinforcement of Earth Slopes and Embankments NCHRP Report 290 Transportation Research Board SS SS X E yN Zz N R S YY KAN LS NN KIF SN y oS SSS ISS l gt SJ A ca R ia me PA AN f THN d N N K RR SS SE
6. 4 as A A A ane lt 3 j 4 bd lt 4 Chitaney AVON wa lt q 4 y a 4 4 y hd El T a a lt q 2 a 4 4 E T 4 g ES 2 y yt 4 Blanket Drain Dreu pipe Vent Drain Pipe Option Concrefe collar Rodent Ga y SCrECAS N Z lt a N gt ES r N AA gt SS A ESA WS ES a yee ae N Ol an SS EA NC A Nm nee yx LAX SS LN gt gt XK Z lt 4 H KS K a s e 7 R N Wh N S 2N N Ve N E N N Es N Je N a N n N Ss N 1 N KX PX X 7 Z BUILD PATTERNED WALLS allanblock com Installation details for building patterned for Allan Block s AB and AB Europa Collection retaining walls STIVM GANS L1Vd C1Nd Wall Patterns 37 Patterned Wall Construction 38 Patterned Wall Construction Tips 40 allanblock com 36 Wall Patterns All of the Allan Block Collections can be used to create a variety of pre set and random patterns A pre set pattern is repeated every two or three courses of block A single course consists of a full size block approx 8 in 200 mm tall Random patterns used on a reinforced wall require a level surface every 2 or 3 courses for proper installation of geogrid See the approved plans for which layers the geogrid reinforcement will be required Note e Patterned walls will have a 6 setback Walls with curves should always use the 2
7. Environmentally Conscious Allan Block is on the leading edge of creating a manu facturing process that leaves very little waste and can use locally found recycled materials to produce their latest retaining wall system p Wn Fr E s Facing Sertes sSierra Color Canyon Springs The AB Fieldstone Collection is Allan Block s solution to a Green Eco Friendly retaining wall system while still maintaining the beautiful look of natural stone that is desired This user friendly two piece system will rev olutionize how retaining walls are made in the future Facing Series Cascade Color Rustic Creek allanblock com sini Alt zt F T im his Sy A ls Ud UY Metin LIL i PE RH isu ln toeau MR HHFFFFN i enn E E 2 SS A AO allanblock com SYS TEM allanblock com Allan Block product and wall system information Allan Block Products 9 Built in Engineering 11 Gravity Walls 13 Reinforced Walls 15 Other Reinforcement Options 17 allanblock com A Complete Family of Wall Products The Allan Block Collections give you a choice of styles to meet your site and design requirements Use the basic gravity wall system for smaller wall projects For taller wall projects use geogrid to reinforce the wall or consider optional techniques using masonry no fines rock bolts soil nails or earth anchors AB Collection Classic Cut Style The AB Collection has been a favorite of wall builders
8. 40 Location of 1st ywch tios required layer of roll AW geogrid e Cut geogrid to required lengths per the approved plan As a general rule the length of the geogrid needs to extend a minimum of 2596 of the wall height past the end of the inside corner e Install the layer of geogrid with the geogrid extending past the inside comer cr The length of geogrid WE E y that extends past the e Alternate the next layer of geogrid to extend the past the wall 25 of the entire o a gi ll height H 4 inside corner in the opposite direction wall height 4 EXAMPLE Location of 2nd required va Finished wall height is 12 ff 3 7 m divide by 4 which equals layer of geogrid 3 ft 0 9 m z The length the grid will need to extend past the corner ai is 3 ff 0 9 m By yng Geogrid with Outside 90 Corners Installing Geogrid on Outside 90 Corners o aia Geogrid must always be installed with its strong direction of Ist required layer perpendicular to the face of the wall To accomplish this with A 90 outside corners Cut geogrid to required lengths per the approved plans e Install geogrid to the outside corner with the roll direction running back into the excavated site On the next course of block lay the next layer of grid perpendicular to the previous layer Location and dtrection ov of 2nd required layer of geogrid O O Z 09 JJ E O m TA U T gt o 09 a a allanblock com 98
9. Analysis External Stability External stability exists when the entire wall system the Allan Block facing units and the reinforced soil mass act as a coherent structure to satisfy standard gravity wall analysis Proper wall design must satisfy all four of the following considerations TR NA CLs Ray GU o el lt Sliding 24 Y a Ye a Bearing Overturning Internal Stability Internal stability is the ability of the reinforcement combined with the internal strength of the soil fo hold the soil mass together and work as a single unit IY RRA ON RRE Pullout Pullout results when grid layers are not embedded a sufficient distance beyond the failure plane Grid Rupture Bulging Rupture occurs when excessive forces exceed the ultimate tensile sirength of the geogrid Bulging occurs when horizontal forces between the geogrid layers causes localized Increase grid strength rotation of the wall or the number of grid layers Increase number of grid layers Increase embedment length See reference I 11 16 Design Considerations e Grid strength Select the right strength grid for the job Choose LTADS grids from 500 lb ft to 4000 lb ft 7 3 kN m to 58 4 KN m e Embedment length Grid length must extend far enough behind the wall to create a sufficient reinforced gravity mass Typically a minimum of 60 of total wall height AB Capstone Allan Block unit e Num
10. N GZ YY RR ISR E SS S SS Za N ES SS ROR SIS Re KR RZ Z yy LEGG KARE SIS SS lt lt NN NNN gt AS so AY DN R N R X ts N X N N TZ IRUR CATS SS eNO Y pe AED gli E I Ie TL TE EA lil SAS WY NN dol SSS 4 A ISS ASEOS j me ZK ME SIN SA HWN NASH nn S SSA o RRR RA NA y e igre IOS SA A wr NA YA Co N K Xi SA ES X ZR X Wy N SS Y SRK x x v ES N N N ES A A A A N Z v LESS S Z y KK T i T SEK y lt lt V KK S SY NE IE Tl N iE 1 NN Le K N SS SS 7 GS Yi 7 NK AV 4 a V Jj SS El LENE ES mS K R KKS SN NAS YA Al NNA td 2 K KEG SoS RR 2 Z N SN NY PX aa AIID GAP DN 2 YY NY N ESE SA K Ny Y SS yg NK Ne S NN A N SS SS YAN y Y y 2 gt A Task Force 27 In Situ Soil Im
11. See the AB Spec Book Section 3 Part 1 8 page 8 Consult the Allan Block Engineering Department for details 800 899 5309 A specification subject to change without notice this document was last updated on 06 14 2010 TECHNICAL SUPPORT For engineering and technical assistance on projects that fall beyond the scope of these guidelines contact ALLAN BLOCK CORPORATION at 800 899 5309 allanblock com A NM a rr O EL gt O ZZ T LE Cr Tn 2 i F Fe FA Fr Te gp ayn y rW i r I h I a n ym AA A AO rd i MAC a bye Er a z k po oh d ga y TT Er WYTH z m er Si Sy rm n EN E sn Ss allanblock com Engineered for Performance Allan Block provides the engineering flexibility to meet the most challenging design requirements including water and shoreline sites Allan Block is fully engineered and tested and is the only retaining wall system to pass full seismic testing When proven performance is important choose Allan Block allanblock com allanblock com Site Solutions Allan Block s extensive engineering provides the capability to meet a broad variety of applications From sound barriers to industrial applications the Allan Block product can meet your needs It s cost effective long term performance makes it the product of choice for DOT projects across the country It can be designed to accommodate the toughest federal state and provincial
12. Vertical force on wall from retained soils Fa SIN dy 53 lb ft 785 N m F4 Horizontal force on wall from retained soils Fa cos ew 147 lb ft 2 157 N m d pa Fe Force resisting sliding W Fy TANd 281 lb ft 4 130 N m Safety factor against sliding SFS Fp 281 lb ft 4 130 N m 1 91 1 5 OK Fy 147 lb ft 2 157 N m Overturning Resistance Bearing Capacity Mo Overtuming moment Fy 0 33 H 168 ft lb ft 754 N m m Ov Pressure exerted on soil below base block Me Moment resisting overturning W d 0 5 H tan 90 B W Fy d 487 lb ft 23 847 Pa Fy d 0 33 H TAN 90 B 436 ft lb ft 1 945 N m m Os 3000 lb ft 143 640 Pa Safety factor against overturning Safety factor against bearing failure SFO Me 436 ft lb ft 1 245 N m m 2 6 1 5 OK FSB O 3 000 lb ft 143 640 Pa 6 16 2 0 OK Mo 168 ft lb ft 754 N m m Ow _ 487 lb ft 23 847 Pa See the Allan Block Engineering Manual for more information Gravity Wall Analysis Before you analyze any retaining wall make sure you have an accurate picture of the job site conditions Every retaining wall must be engineered to withstand the pressure from the soils and other loads behind and above them Standard gravity wall analysis considers sliding bearing and overturning forces On sites with slopes or surcharges a global stability check will also be necessary Sliding Ability of the struc
13. e Water See reference I 17 allanblock com 21 Design al ALLAN The design process for a segmental retaining wall typically has a Wall Design Engineer or Site Civil Engineer responsible for the wall design envelope Geotechnical engineers should be hired to evaluate the overall stability of the site For information into the basic concepts behind an Allan Block retaining wall design see page 19 of the AB Spec Book allanblock com 5 I gt Z z T1 Y G A Proper retaining wall design requires evaluation of the following A it te K ANAN X 1 Select the wall location Minimize soil excavation and backfill Optimize grading and drainage patterns e Consider existing site features He H Total wall envelope 2 Determine wall height and geometry Calculate the wall height at its tallest position e Identify slopes above and below the wall e Evaluate surcharges from vehicular or construction traffic e Select the appropriate wall batter or setback Hett 3 Evaluate structural requirements e Check the gravity wall table on page 13 for reinforcement requirements Total wall structure f geogrid is required see pages 69 70 for approximate grid length Grid length For projects that fall beyond the scope of the tables in this manual refer to the Allan Block Engineering Manual and RA O RRR Y SAS PROLLY contact a qualified engine
14. 1 1 Scope Work includes furnishing and installing modular concrete block retaining wall units to the lines and grades designated on the construction drawings and os specified herein 1 2 Applicable Sections of Related Work Geogrid Wall Reinforcement See Section 2 1 3 Reference Standards A ASTM C1372 Standard Specification for Segmental Retaining Wall Units B ASTM 1262 Evaluating the Freeze Thaw Durability of Manufactured CMU s and Related Concrete Units C ASTM D698 Moisture Density Relationship for Soils Standard Method D ASTM D422 Gradation of Soils E ASTM C140 Sample and Testing Concrete Masonry Units 1 4 Delivery Storage and Handling A Contractor shall check the materials upon delivery to assure proper material has been received B Contractor shall prevent excessive mud cementitious material and like construction debris from coming in contact with the materials C Contractor shall protect the materials from damage Damaged material shall not be incorporated in the project ASTM C1372 PART 2 MATERIALS 2 1 Modular Wall Units A Wall units shall be Allan Block Retaining Wall units as produced by a licensed manufacturer B Wall units shall have minimum 28 day compressive strength of 3000 psi 20 7 MPa in accordance with ASTM C1372 The concrete units shall have adequate freeze thaw protection in accordance with ASTM C1372 or an average absorption rate of 7 5 lb ft 120 kg m for northern climates and 10 lb ft 160 kg m fo
15. Straight sidewalls and corners OLA offer a crisp traditional style however they require AB Corner allanblock com Blocks and take more time to build Allan Block s patented front lip provides a built in edging that works well when installing the stair tread material Allan Block Capstones pavers poured concrete crushed rock mulches and flagstone are good stair tread examples Ensure that stair treads are secured in place for safe use Additional stair designs and technical information explaining the construction process Is available on our website at allanblock com or from your local Allan Block representative Remember to always check with the local codes before construction O O A 09 JU E C 4 Z U T gt o 09 How Many Steps To find the number of steps needed measure the total rise of your slope in inches mm and divide by 8 in 200 mm which is the height of a step Rise 48 in 1220 mm 48 in 8 in 6 steps allanblock com 60 Construction Details Terraces It is offen more aesthetically pleasing to replace one large retaining wall with two or more smaller terraced walls Terraced walls can act as surcharges and may create global instability therefore reinforcement may be necessary Always check with a local qualified engineer when building terraces Walls perform independently and may not need engineering when the distance between gravity walls is at le
16. am m UO DN za Mm i Outside Corner Inside Corner Inside Corners By alternating the block s placement on each course of Edendenail the wall an inside corner can be installed The 824 facing units are ideal Anchoring f back of block for this task but 812 facing units are acceptable For walls requiring ge unit BTU aF A oe ogrid see page 58 ae ade To create a 90 inside corner begin by placing an AB Fieldstone facing unit A at the corner Then lay a second facing unit B peroendicular to the first This second unit B must extend past the back of the first Anchoring facing unit A Continue laying out the rest of the base course working Extends past Unit from the corner out in both directions Install the anchoring units AICA E Uni aU S e On additional courses alternate the placement of the facing units Re move the lip from the anchoring unit where the anchoring unit sits on the facing unit below as needed Cut caps at 45 degree angles to complete the inside corner and give the wall a custom finished look allanblock com 50 AB Fieldstone Construction Tips Step Ups and Step Downs with AB Fieldstone Step Downs Creating a Step Down is similar to building an outside corner as it uses the same facing units that are manufactured with a textured side and has the same placement of the anchoring units Install the facing units up to the Step Down location Install the fac
17. control Pot UPA e Alar Block se e 1 de Hie GF CG 8 in 200 haha par yy 2 ha enit DAX AAA mapernacable son OMOYON Clay Lined Swale Alternate Drain Blanket Drain SPECHICATIONS Allan Flock rr S Chimney drain extend to 0 7 A or maxiinuin elevation OF ground water rise as determined bug a4 e ocal engin eer o de lt y lt 5 W graded granular so 4 wall rock 0 25 th to 1 5 ta o 6 haba Yo 28 haha fess lt Es Than 10 fines a a r ote t ba _ 4 Btn 150 baba anita 3 Blankert droim s e e AS e L gt 4th 100 haha dram pipe vented 4 tr TOO hana a aT lt 4 lt dan ag ed ch aa as a BY miniman fall lt n so haha Hatithattha to daylight AYN pipe vented to aawhght 63 Refer to destan details Section f Allan Block all offer notes details and pical Section for specifications Alan Block di Mm ae Cut netch in Allain lock fo allow for drain pipe Well graded granular 6 hana fo 38 haha less hen 10 fines WY Sib Rd tn Goo hana araor pipe vented through the face of The wall et the fewest possible elevation on 50 fF Finish grade fo slope arian fron The well face with 4 in 100 baha drain pipe vented to daylight AN thapervions SO or surface E in 200 hana hat nt
18. specifications including applicable AASHTO and Task Force 27 reguirements Allan Block has conducted the only full scale seismic research for segmental retaining walls The flexible nature and performance of the AB System astounded the experts You can feel secure in knowing your Allan Block solution can withstand the test of time ee allanblock com i uu Lh a I E E i allanblock com To find the most up to date information as well as the other Allan Block products available visit allanblock com 79 allanblock com N AB Fieldstone CF ram a in ia ra i ar oe oF Por da mm ef i allanblock com Facing Series Cascade Color Rustic Creek Facing Series Sierra Color Rustic Creek allanblock com Made ywrth Recycled Materials Facing Series Sierra Color Rustic Creek Looking Iowards the Future The next generation of Allan Block products is here AB Fieldstone Green Natural and Friendly The patented two piece system enables us to push the envelope in aesthetics sustainability and product opportunity So look to the future with us as Allan Block continues to innovate Expect to see more of AB Fieldstone and all it has to offer as the next great wall solution from the company you have come to trust Allan Block With the same plan design and build process as the other Allan Block retaining wall systems you can now have AB Fieldstone The
19. 0 9 m of the back of the wall Higher levels of compaction can be achieved within the consolidation zone by decreasing the lifts to 4 in 100 mm and compacting with walk behind compaction equipment starting at the wall facing and running in paths that run parallel to the wall Compacting in smaller lifts will achieve higher compaction levels and will not place lateral loads on the wall facing Multiple passes of the compaction equioment will be required Higher compaction levels reduce settlement over time a allanblock com Correct Compaction Process Compact da amp Un 200 haha SS lifts one Re course af SS a thre IIA TU a STA UU ESAS TT EN Writ TD i NN SSNS Cf ar fi N N SS NN NY ND N SSA gt SS lt lt Ae RA SAS SS SG SS lt lt Keep all heavy equiphrent at least 2 ft 0 9 ha arar from back of blocks AX hee ot ONE SOOO i loca RANA te WN SS re reer Tae eee RS RRRRR a A N RON RRR RR oNN y EEE NS SN ND ND Side iL dlr ilr ci ddig No NN ISSO NN NSKKSKSNNSSN c Y2YDYDYDYDNDY DDOD DDN Water Management The design and performance of most retaining walls are based on keeping the reinforced zone relatively dry To ensure that wall structures perform the construction of allanblock com the wall and layout of the site must be based on maintaining a soil moisture content that is relatively low Relatively low equates to the moisture co
20. 1 2 m and 2 5 ft 0 8 m using the half width blocks The final height of the wall will determine what the minimum radius at the base course must be The wall creates a coning effect as it is stacked up creating the need for a larger radius at the base course Use the Radius Chart to determine what the radius of the base course of the wall needs to be so the top course of the wall will not be less than 4 ft 1 2 m _ Top course radius 4 0 IT 1 2 ha Starting a Radius Base course radius From the point of where the curve will start measure straight 5 Y 2 in 1 6 ha back from the wall the reguired amount shown in the Radius Chart and drive a stake into the ground This will be the center of the curve Attach a string line to the stake the length of the radius and rotate it around to mark the location of the base course Install the blocks with the front of the blocks lining up with Table 6 1 the mark AB Radius Chart for the Base Course Setback Wall Height IL Full Size Blocks 1 2m 18m 24m Triangle 30 4ft 9in 5 0 ft Sft 4in 5 ft 8in Yy Wy YW EA y 1 43 m 1 52 m 1 6m 1574 e To transition the curve back into a straight wall or another 122 Bt gin 60 ft in 7 Oft curve lay out the curve and the first couple blocks of the next ivi een Donn Um section Adjusting 1 or 2 of the blocks will help in the transition AB Fieldstone of the next section of wall Collection 812 facin
21. FIELDSTONE AB EUROPA O Z H S Lu JJ JJ o SAU short anchoring unit LAU long anchoring unit 1 sq ft approx 11 blk per m 1 sq ft approx 11 blk per m 1 sq ft approx 11 blk per m 1 sq ft approx 11 blk per m 0 5 sq ft approx 22 bik per m 0 5 sq ft approx 22 blk per m 0 25 sq ft approx 44 blk per m Coverage 1 sq ft approx 12 blk per m 0 5 sq ft approx 22 bik per m 0 5 sq ft approx 22 blk per m 0 25sq ft approx 44 blk per m Coverage 0 7 sq ft approx 16 blk per m 0 7 sq ft approx 16 blk per m 1 3 sq ft approx 8 blk per m2 1 3 sq ft approx 8 blk per m 75 Ibs 34 kg 75 lbs 34 kg 75 lbs 34 kg 75 lbs 34 kg 35 Ibs 16 kg 35 Ibs 16 kg 18 lbs 8 kg 8in Hx12in Dx18in L 200mm H x 300mm D x 460mm L 8in Hx12in Dx18in L 200mm H x 300mm D x 460mm L 8in Hx12in Dx18in L 200mm H x 300mm D x 460mm L 8in Hx12in Dx18in L 200mm H x 300mm D x 460mm L 8in Hx9 5in Dx9in L 200mm H x 240mm D x 230mm L 4in Hx12in Dx18in L 100mm H x 300mm D x 460mm L 4in Hx12in Dx9in L 100mm H x 300mm D x 230mm Weight Approximate Dimensions 80 Ibs 36 kg 35 Ibs 16 kg 40 Ibs 18 kg 20 Ibs 9 kg 8 in Hx 10 5 in D x 18 in L 200mm H x 265mm D x 460mm L 8 in H x 9 5 in D x 9 in L 200mm H x 240mm D x 230mm L 4 in H x 10 5 in D x 18 in L 100mm H x 265mm D x 460mm L 4in H x 10 5 in D x 9 in L 100mm H x 265m
22. GE dM anchoring unit ft7in 70f 7ft5in 7fil0Oin Curve Keep the W SAU 20m 21m 23m 24m front of The block tight The 824 units are to be used in straight walls or gradual goa curves only In tight curve transitions use 812 units only Use this chart to find the minimum recommended radius at base of wall Renove WINGS E Modifying Anchoring Units j 49 Removing the wings of the blocks will be needed on projects with curves corners or step downs For smooth outside curves remove one Tr a or both of the wings from the back of the anchoring units and tighten u half the radius of the curve Break wings off with a hammer and chisel in the existing score line to obtain a clean break When working with corners and or stepping down a wall split an an choring unit in half to tie the corner together Split the block by using a hammer and chisel to make a break down the center of the block On some projects you will need to modify the bottom lip of the block to fit on the course below Use a hammer and chisel and tap along the lip Renmore to remove bottom lip allanblock com AB Fieldstone Construction Tips ab ALLAN Inside and Outside Corners with AB Fieldstone Outside Corners Some of the AB Fieldstone facing units are manufac allanblock com tured with a textured side that compliments the facing unit Besides Step 1 being used as a standard block these blocks can be used to cre
23. May Oi eee dE 0 5m 0 4m 0 5m 1 3m 0 3m F Silty Sand 32 O Wn O 1 ft 3in q 0 6 m Om ll rA ZA An Sand Gravel 36 4 0 ft SHO A ft 2 in e ml Pe Tale cs 12 om Tn SSA OS Slope 3 1 yee Clay P Z Sip ZA Peli Mak Aft 6in RRA yp On 0 6m 0 8m 1 4m 0 53 m Silty Sand O25 Sit in 3O ANT GMs TASA AAA LAm DTM 1 4m 23M 0 84 m md Sand Gravel 360 SO eI Me Tea lela AA SO a Som AA Lem 2AM O m Final designs for construction purposes must be performed by a local registered Professional Engineer using the ac tual conditions of the proposed site AB Fieldstone wall heights include a cap block allanblock com Sample Calculation p aly Analyze a gravity wall with the following site conditions e UA ALLAN Soil Type Mixed Silts Bearing Capacity Os 3000 Ib fi 143 640 Pa b 30 l E Wall Density y 130 Ib ft 2 061 kg m allanblock com hwr _ H 3 44 1 LOSM so Density ys 120 lb ft 1 923 kg m o H oa Factored Friction Angle bw 0 664 epth of Wall d 0 9am Slope Above Wall i 0 Surcharge None Sliding Resistance Fa Active force on wall 0 5 ys Ka H2 156 lb ft 2 295 N m Ka Active pressure coefficient csc B sin B 4 H is sin B bw 2 SIN Hw SIN p i al 0 2197 rR 72 i SN B i a A He W Total weight of wall yw H d 434 lb ft 6 639 N m y Fy
24. additional details and information Typical Gravity Wall Application Typical Reinforced Wall Application Compaction 7 ft 0 4 ra Consolidation Alan Flock wall batter i Zone Faha vertical Ortional Allan Bleck Capstone Backstlope a angle i Finish grade abore wall Lone bM Y Extended length haan be required due to ste or se shure conditions Exposed mall height Thapermeable fill te harhihaiha thickness OF G ta 160 papa 12 tn 304 pana Allan Flock nine rn se Exposed i m i a wall height wal rock less Thar a 2 Weti graded gro nalar y 0 25 tn fo 1 5 in 6 haba to 28 haha 10 fines 2 Allan Block wall batter troha vertical Finish grade below wall Cobtapacrion 3 0 9 ha P f zone consolidation ZOKE LYM G sol Well graded granular mal rock 0 25 to 1 5 in 6 pata to 28 haba less Than 10 fines Allan Block lo 12 in 300 mam nr oe zo Embedment depth Geogrid retnforcemacar Type and length varies per wall design 4 in 100 haha drar pipe vented To daylight Finish grade baelon mall A A a A erecta f At 4 mn 100 hana droi Lo Enbedment depth amp tn 150 nana pipe vented te daglght 12 th 300 haha Swales Typical Water Application and SPEC CARDONS Allan Block iit Cat no
25. and a grading plan has been developed that routes water away from the retaining wall location Site water manage ment is required both during construction of the wall and after completion of construction TI Consult the Allan Block Engineering Department for details 800 899 5309 A specification subject to change without notice this document was last updated on 06 14 2010 Cp U m O Au gt O a T allanblock com 72 Geogrid Reinforcement Systems SECTION 2 PART 1 GENERAL 1 1 Scope Work includes furnishings and installing geogrid reinforcement wall block and backfill to the lines and grades designated on the construction drawings and os specified herein 1 2 Applicable Section of Related Work Section 1 Allan Block Modular Retaining Wall Systems See Section 1 1 3 Reference Standards See specific geogrid manufacturers reference standards Additional Standards ASTM D4595 Tensile Properties of Geotextiles by the Wide Width Strip Method ASTM D5262 Test Method for Evaluating the Unconfined Creep Behavior of Geogrids ASTM D6638 Grid Connection Strength SRW U1 ASTM D6916 SRW Block Shear Strength SRW U2 GRI GG4 Grid Long Term Allowable Design Strength LTADS ASTM D6706 Test Method for Geogrid Pullout 1 4 Delivery Storage and Handling A Contractor shall check the geogrid upon delivery to assure that the proper material has been received B Geogrid shall be stored above 10 F 23 C C Contra
26. assem bly if available provides the flexibility to make this block ideal for this application An 812 assembly will work as well Use a block to span for Step Ups 824 unit works best Create the Step Up using an 824 unit available a allanblock com CONSTRUCIHON DEIAILS allanblock com Expanded details on building with Allan Block Finishing Walls 53 Curves 54 Curves with Geogrid 56 Corners 57 Corners with Geogrid 58 Stairs 59 O Terraces 61 gt Design Details 63 Construction and Inspection Checklist 65 Material Estimate Worksheet 67 z References 69 S Geogrid Estimating Charts 70 allanblock com 92 Finishing Walls Ending and Topping Off Walls Allan Block offers a great variety of finishing options for the wall Mulches Allan Block s patented raised front lip provides a built in edging for landscape rock mulch grass or soil AB Capstones AB Capstones can be used to finish off the top of a wall Use a high grade waterproof flexible masonry adhesive to secure AB Capstones in place See allanblock com for information on cutting AB Capstones for curves or corners Building Step Downs Walls with Step Downs can be easily finished by adding an additional capstone or a half high block or turning the ends back into the hillside For tips with patterned wall Step Downs see page 40 For a gradual step up use additional capstones or half high blocks y Building
27. each other at the wall face to achieve 100 percent coverage H Geogrid lengths shall be continuous Splicing parallel to the wall face is not allowed 73 allanblock com 3 4 Fill Placement ab A Infill soil shall be placed in lifts and compacted as specified under Section 1 Part 3 4 Unit Installation ALLAN B Backfill shall be placed spread and compacted in such a manner that minimizes the development of slack or movement of the geogrid allanblock com C Only hand operated compaction equipment shall be allowed within 3 ft 0 9 m behind the wall This area shall be defined as the consolidation zone Compaction in this zone shall begin by running the plate compactor directly on the block and then compacting in parallel paths to the wall face until the entire consolidation zone has been compacted A minimum of two passes of the plate compactor are required with maximum lifts of 8 in 200 mm D When fill is placed and compaction cannot be defined in terms of Standard Proctor Density then compaction shall be performed using ordi nary compaction process and compacted so that no deformation is observed from the compaction equipment or to the satisfaction of the engineer of record or the site soils engineer E Tracked construction equipment shall not be operated directly on the geogrid A minimum fill thickness of 6 in 150 mm is required prior to operation of tracked vehicles over the geogrid Turning of tracked vehicles should be kept
28. for years and offers the perfect blend of performance and style with maximum results a I H ies 3 Tis Era TF angel m ydd rw ee The AB Europa Collection captures the hand laid stone effect that brings old world charm and distinction to any project in beautiful marbled colors The AB Fieldstone Collection is a Green Eco Friendly retaining wall product that maintains the beautiful look ea and feel of natural stone Installing and a o UL nal iru manane eee performing like our other Collections i sen tien ok be AB Fieldstone truly is a friendly product Blak wi i Farn ml PALA ien H allanblock com The Allan Block Collections offer a variety of sizes weights setbacks and finishes to meet differing aesthetic and performance needs Refer to the chart below or to our website allanblock com to help make the right choice for your project Style amp Performance Setback Coverage ab ALLAN allanblock com Table 1 1 Weight Approximate Dimensions AB Stones 12 Best Single Block Choice AB Rocks 6 AB Vertical a AB Classic 6 gt AB Jumbo Jr 6 O D AB Lite Stone 6 LLI Con T 20 AB Junior Lite 6 o Setback AB Dover 6 A AB Palermo 6 e E AB Barcelona 6 LLI al ri AB Bordeaux 6 o Setback 812 facing unit with SAU 6 812 facing unit with LAU 6 824 facing unit with SAU 6 824 facing unit with LAU 6 AB
29. from behind the wall will vary substantially Soils depending on the soil type In general a wall built in clay soils Friction Bearing Equivalent will require more reinforcement than a wall of the same height built in free draining sand or gravel soils Table 2 1 Angle Capacity Fluid Pressure Clay AE er SONS HD 119 700kPa 7 9kN m Check the soil type and conditions at the base of each wall for adequate bearing pressure The soil below a wall needs to be strong enough to support the weight of the wall resting on Mixed Soils 32 3 500 lb ff 35 lb ft it When moisture is present extra precautions may be 167 580kPa 3 5kN m required to provide a stable base Sand Gravel 36 4 000 lb ft 30 llo ft3 If the soils at the base of the wall have been disturbed i e 191 520kPa 4 7kN m excavated and replaced it is imperative that these soils are Use the soil classification chart above to identify properly compacted before construction begins It may be the basic properties of the soil at the site These soil necessary to remove poorly compacted or soft wet organic properties are approximate For a thorough soil soils at the base and replace them with stable well a lay O GeCiee nue Olen nee compacted soils prior to wall construction conduct a site inspection see page 32 amp 33 Je allanblock com Water Management Make a careful observation of the general drainage patterns at the site Note the amount of area above t
30. front of the base course to firmly lock in place Check again for level and alignment Use a plate compactor to consolidate the area behind the base course All excess material shall be swept from top of units D Install next course of wall units on top of base row Position blocks to be offset from seams of blocks below Perfect running bond is not es sential but a 3 in 75 mm minimum offset is recommended Check each block for proper alignment and level Fill all cavities in and around wall units and to a mini mum of 12 in 300 mm depth behind block with wall rock For taller wall application the depth of wall rock behind the block should be in creased walls from 15 ft 4 6 m to 25 ft 7 6 m should have a minimum of 2 ft 0 6 m and walls above 25 ft 7 6 m should have a minimum of 3 ff 0 9 m Spread infill soil in uniform lifts not exceeding 8 in 200 mm in uncompacted thickness and compact to 95 of Standard Proc tor ASTM D698 behind the consolidation zone E The consolidation zone shall be defined as 3 ft 0 9 m behind the wall Compaction within the consolidation zone shall be accomplished by using a hand operated plate compactor and shall begin by running the plate compactor directly on the block and then compacting in par allel paths from the wall face until the entire consolidation zone has been compacted A minimum of two passes of the plate compactor are required with maximum lifts of 8 in 200 mm Expansive or fine grain
31. in a path parallel to the wall working from the front of the wall to the back of the infill material Compact to a minimum of 95 Standard Proctor Check and adjust for level and alignment and wall batter as the wall stacks up It is acceptable to shim under blocks to compensate for a build up of tolerances or an out of level base condition Asphalt shingles or geogrid work well when shims are required The maximum allowable shim thickness per course is 1 8 in 3 mm Step 4 Install The Second Multiple Course Pattern Refer to the approved plans to determine if geogrid reinforcement will be required on the next course of the pattern being used Repeat Step 2 to install geogrid between the patterns when required per the approved plans Repeat Step 3 for each pattern being installed Each additional pattern will need to be offset from the pattern below to avoid a repetitive look Note Keep all heavy equipment at least 3 feet 0 9 m away from the back of the wall Step 5 Ending and Topping off Wall Completing a patterned wall is the same as for a standard wall See page 53 for finishing details The only requirement is that a multiple course pattern must be completed so that the top course of the blocks form a level surface e Use 8in 200 mm of impermeable fill on the last lift to finish off wall a allanblock com Install geogrid and additional patterns Patterned Wall Construction Tips as ALLAN Rein
32. lagers need to be separated by a 3 tn 75 hana layer of approved fill Lift the area of grid up and place in the fill material to separate The layers Trina grid Place sou to fit curve between The layers allanblock com ab ALLAN allanblock com O O at 09 JJ E C m Z U T gt po 09 Construction Details Corners Inside Corners AB Blocks are easily modified to build inside corners To construct an Step Step 2 2 inside corner you will remove part of the raised lip on one block on i a each course Use a saw with a diamond blade or a chisel to remove half of the raised front lio This allows the next course to be installed on a level surface Step 1 Lay the modified block perpendicular to another AB unit This creates the corner Step 1 e On the next course remove the opposite half of the lip of an a i AB unit and position it over the right angle corner Step 2 SH Mc ero e On each successive course simply reverse the dw gg oe position of the modified block to obtain an eG pi interlocked corner Renove part of front lyn so next course will sear properly Outside Corners AB Corner Blocks are used to build outside 90 corners To construct an outside corner you will use an AB Corner Block on every course alternating a right and left hand corner for each course Addi Blocks with part of lip
33. material Refer to approved plans for con struction details o ED a N A k a u E 1 LN n oy A yth a E T Ei hn m See page 63 for a cross section drawing of this drain 34 allanblock com Grading During wall layout it is important to evaluate the entire site to determine if water will drain into the area where the walls will be constructed Using simple berms and swales to divert the water around the wall can be easily done Since walls are often built be fore the site is completely graded to its final configuration temporary grading must be in place to ensure water will not be draining towards the construction area Contact the local engineer of record and the site civil engineer for directions prior to proceeding with construction of the wall Ground Water Ground water can be defined as water that occurs within the soil Sources include surface infiltration water table fluctuation and layers of permeable soils Ground water movement must be prevented from coming in contact with the retaining wall structure including the reinforced soil mass Construction details to prevent subsurface water from coming in contact with the retaining wall structure should be defined on the approved plans Use blanket and chimney drains to intercept ground water from potentially infiltrating the reinforced mass When ground water is encountered during construction work with the engineer of record to ensure that th
34. most innovative Green Natural and Friendly product on the market AB Fieldstone Typical Reinforced Wall Cross Section Compaction Cpnsoliadettoi ZOAC ZOF NeC f YNN SS NS SNSNNSN SN SS ORR ROCCO ooo oo g Y A reldstone K SS THE I AAETH f ATE E Y SIS api UE 4 Y init YY THI tll ASSilE EEF TE 1 TE TE TE TE ATH h A VA 7 ke TE h H X K KAE e E ei oY NA n o ps SII 9g SS SS mln Ub yl a Wall rock gt nn AL TEINE AS Y Ti e _ bil 77 al TT 7 GY LLL UE TE a Geo rid ge nias A it j Y Ce a Y a AI A LY NYAN THT SS IH 7 ii AZ T byny Ty SL lal A 4 w ISISI 7 7 ETE AI LY RRA Een 9G NI y A Fe EF LLEF LlLl LL LL LL a allanblock com 80 The information and product applications illustrated in this manual have been carefully compiled by the Allan Block Corporation and to the best of our knowledge accurately represent Allan Block product use Final determination of the suitability of any information or material for the use contemplated and its manner of use is the sole responsibility of the user Structural design analysis shall be performed by a qualified engineer allanblock com Printed on a Paper with 10 TF Recycled Fiber 2011 2008 Allan Block Corporation 5300 Industrial Blvd 100 Edina MN Phone 952 835 5309 Fax 952 835 0013 US Pat 5 484 236 6 792 731 6 322 742 8 6 8
35. site conditions wal heights and Long Term between the two walls was a mixture of clay and gravel Allowable Design Strength of the grid being used See the reinforced with Tamarisk branches Allan Block io local engineer The Great Wall of China dating back some 2 200 years was built as a double sided retaining wall The soil Geogrids Geogrids are flexible synthetic meshes which are manufactured specifically for slope stabilization and earth retention These grids are available in a variety of materials sizes and strengths They can be made of high tensile strength plastics or woven polyester yarns and are typically packaged at the factory in rolls The grids are rated by Long Term Allowable Design Strength LTADS with values ranging from 500 to 4 000 pounds per linear foot 7 3 kN m to 58 4 kN m See reference Positive Interlock Allan Block s gravel filled hollow core provides a multi point interlock with the grid As wall heights increase our exclusive Rock Lock connection combined with the weight of the Allan Block units provides the best block to grid interlock of any system on the market See the tech sheets on connection testing or the Seismic Testing Executive Summary for testing results on the Rock Lock connection Connection strength testing has been done with our grid manufacturers for results see the AB Spec Book or AB Engineering Manual See reference 1 2 3 12 allanblock com
36. three blocks af post coordinate past lOCATTOIAS prior te placing top courses ana caps a Pr St Chabednaent 5 4 ae pri ie e F y wie 4 lt f Top geogrid leiger ar faust be mithin He top three courses E 1 Lts fength hanst ew consider the dn ae lt m fence staba Allan Block ner Impact Barrier Typical readwad barrier designed by others 1 Refer to design details Section 1 Allan Block Tigpital Section for all other notes detadtds and Cencrefe footing far post UD ALLA specifications Barrier height DN AT SIP Pest Chabedinent T Cofupan fabe or pre pipe fo be instalied during mall construction after mall construction post footing wl require hand exeacotion os to not damage geogrid WUN Sy ASAS o SSS Allan Block air IS Ee DOO 04 W Y YY A Y 4 app a N Expansion sornr FE regwirea cure BF 0 8 ha harta Pevenaen f surface sa YA AN SS i i Z iene k Pavrennent subgrade A Pet UDAUU 100 haha LARA AS 310 9 ha extension F surface ts paved Cut or arsplace 4 geogrid around q colwbAin Tube or U pre pipe 4 A 9 ab ALLAN allanblock com Wind Bearing Fence or Railing Option 2 Refer to Design Detatls Section 1 Alan Block Tapical Section for all other motes details an
37. 100 psf 4 7 kPa Any added weight above the wall is called a surcharge Light Vehicle Parking lots swimming pools and driveways are common Wy Y ea nL e 250 psf 12 kPa surcharges Light duty surcharges are designed at 100 psf a Roadway NWN KIKIKI KIIK L L te 4 7 kPa Heavier commercial surcharges like trucks run 250 psf 12 kPa and up More concentrated line loads may also be a factor such as building foundations Engineering is required in each situation See reference allanblock com 5 gt Z z Tl U G A Slopes Above Slopes Below Slopes JE th PLU Z jj ETTE TU SS Slopes are measured run to rise A three to one slope eiT Bench Eee ty goes back 3 and up 1 ER A LAIS eT aT OLL aa BE ML ely Ad Slopes Above Jeg a ls Tr DE AA Slopes above the wall add more pressure and will MA SS GIIA gt A OS require more mass to resist movement Engineering RRA SADA is required Slopes Below Slopes below the wall may create an unstable foundation Check with local building codes for length of
38. 300 mm behind the block with wall rock A compactible aggregate ranging in size from 0 25 in fo 1 5 in 6mm to 38 mm in diameter and containing less than 1096 fines is recommended Use approved infill soils to backfill behind the wall rock and in front of the base course Step 5 Compact Compaction of the material behind the block is critical for a quality wall Use a mechanical plate compactor to consolidate the wall rock then compact the backfill material immediately behind the block Compact in a path parallel to the wall working from the back of the block to the back of the backfill material See page 33 for additional details on compaction e Check the base course for level and adjust as necessary All backfill soils must be compacted to a minimum 95 Standard Proctor Use equipment appropriate for the soil being compacted Remove all excess material from the top surface of all AB units This prepares a smooth surface for placement of the next course This can be assisted when installing the next course of block by sliding the block into place Every course after the first course requires compaction starting on the block stepping Up The Wall Base Walls built on a sloping grade require a stepped base Install base course Install wall rock Compact wall rock and backfill soils e Begin excavation at the lowest point and dig a level trench into the slope until it is deep enough to accommodat
39. 54 236 Canadian Pat 2 012 286 amp 2 133 675 Australian Pat 682 394 amp 133 306 Europe Pat 649 714 amp 99 308 421 9 Germany Pat 69 423 563 6 Japan Pat 3 142 107 Mexico Pat 189 846 Taiwan Pat NI 72269 AB Fieldstone Pat 7 775 747 8 D624 204S Int l And Other Patents Pending DOC R0514 0711
40. Additional Courses e Repeat steps 6 amp 7 to complete wall to height required installing grid where needed per the approved plans e Use 8 in 200 mm of impermeable fill on the last lift to finish off wall Install blocks See page 53 for information on ending and topping off the wall ud Install additional courses For information on Allowable Construction Tolerances see the AB Spec Book page 20 a allanblock com No Fines Concrete Backfill No Fines Concrete a Use of AB No Fines Concrete Backfill has increased our ability to in A po rh stall reinforced walls in locations where typical construction would not be possible because of property line constraints or limited ex cavation options When using the Allan Block products with No Fines concrete the permeable concrete actually attaches to the back of the block and extends the depth of the wall mass This al lows for taller walls with less excavation than conventional geogrid reinforced walls Typical geogrid reinforced walls require an excavation depth of 60 or more of the wall height while a No Fines reinforced wall with similar site conditions requires only 30 to 40 of the wall height Limiting the excavation depth will not only save time and money but it might make the difference between getting the job or not There are additional advantages to using the No Fines solution Contractors are able to build with better production rates and with less
41. Fieldstone Construction Tips 49 Construction Details with AB and AB Europa 52 Finishing Walls 53 Curves 54 Curves with Geogrid 56 Corners 57 Corners with Geogrid 58 Stairs 59 Terraces 61 Design Details 63 Construction and Inspection Checklist 65 Material Estimate Worksheet 67 References 69 Geogrid Estimating Charts 70 Specifications 71 Charts and Tables Products 10 Standard Product Specifications 12 Maximum Wall Heights 13 Soils 19 Setback 21 Friction Angle and Soil Weight 32 Minimum Radius 49 55 Geogrid Estimating 70 allanblock com Creative Solutions AB Fieldstone You can rely on guality Allan Block products hrn ern Ae Pra and talented professionals to provide you creative sel rican loch ita solutions that work Every day on city streets Bae backyard landscapes and commercial properties Allan Block delivers proven performance Build your own creative solutions build with ore Allan Block wn vag L Lhe AU ye sa fF ny WE ae HA mn E El Attend an AB Contractor Certification Training today to learn the proper techniques to ensure top quality retaining walls are built Visit allanblock com for the latest information as well as a complete schedule of upcoming training near you Facing Series Sierra Color Rustic Creek i a fit a mom mi wt litte T E F Hi Hedd E Hal mor BER UH TE y i HH j me a F FWY i p sag sg J cr ri TWN iaa A jaune ri I il niji MM i
42. N PORRA SSA SS CU wow SS FIDA ESE a S Bury block S A SS a a of SISS 6 th 150 haha EII Zz NIN AAA SEN EG SEA KK KX NIR RNG RR ROR RR ESSE BAN IKII NO SSS RRR ROR POIROT 24 th 610 haha VOLPI ERA RR SSS Gravity Wall Base Course Cross Section Level blocks adjust where needed Reinforced Wall Construction f AP Step 1 Site Prep and Excavation ALLAN Foundation soils at the bottom of the base trench must be firm and solid If the soils are made up of heavy clay or wet soils or the areas have been allanblock com previously excavated remove entire material and replace with granular base compacting in 8 in 200 mm lifts or less Remove all surface vegetation and organic soils This material should not be used as backfill e Excavate behind the wall to accommodate the design length of the Reinforced zone feed geogrid Refer to the approved plans for exact length e Excavate base trench at the wall location Dig the trench per the approved plans a minimum of 24 in 610 mm wide and 6 in 150 mm Kc deep plus the required amount to accommodate the buried block STIS SS C SA XIEX XXR e Buried block should be a minimum of 6 in 150 mm or 1 in 25 mm for SS AN SY each 1 ft 300 mm of wall height See approved plans for exact SAR SA 24 tre 610 rote LEER amount needed Reinforced Wall Base Course Compact and level base trench to 95 of Standard Proctor OEOD S
43. Oi CO o 90o gt wc cop ogo oo cc O n gt O ONR oUmbo ONR ooObo ON RR oui cow ano o og o NN Oi 4 O O NEO NON O OO O CONNANODVOFONNAAKRODOODOFONNANOO OO ONNAWA OK W N Geogrid Chart Soil Types Coarse to Soil Types Uniform to Soil Types Sand Silt medium sands clean well graded sands Clay mix Clayey AB Classic 6 Patterned Walls 6 sand and gravel little silty sands 32 sands 27 AB Fieldstone 6 amp AB Vertical 3 or no fines 36 Grid Grid Grid Condition Wall Height Lengths Lengths Lengths Above Wall ft m Case A Level Slope Above the Wall CONNWA 01 a O N Case B 100 psf Surcharge 4 7 kPa Above the Wall Top grid layer must extend an extra 3 ft 0 9 m O O A 09 JJ E O m TA U T gt po 09 Case C 3H 1V Slope Above the Wall OomBKR W DY O 00 IO GK W oo 0 i o oi O oo 0 i o 0i O VNNN O0 onNN nN O Jonny 0 OONAA QA Ww oo 0 i o o o o o 0o o aw CONNAOKRWO CONNA OAK WNFONNA NKR WO NNW OBR WO CONNA OaKRWNHFONNA NKR WO ONN OK W N ONR WHONNDOFONKR DWNNOFON KR OUN o o O x Note All walls which require geogrid reinforcement shall have a minimum of 6 in 150 mm of buried block Table 6 2 1 course spacing for first 3 layers of grid 1 course spacing for first 4 layers of grid allanblock com 70 Specification Guidelines Allan Block Modular Retaining Wall Systems SECTION 1 PART 1 GENERAL
44. Turn Ins For a graceful flowing end to the wall curve the wall to create a plantable area that can soften the look of the wall When building a turn in a base trench will need to be excavated backfilled and compacted the same as the base course of blocks Proper backfilling and compaction is important where the wall turns back into the slope To ensure the bs __ turn in area doesn t settle astall blocks differently than the rest of and compc the wall make sure the entire area below the new base is compacted thoroughly turn in b3 allanblock com AB Capstones with step ups Flowing turn in of wall For a step down that doubles as a planter turn the wall in 2 or 3 blocks after the AB Corner Block For a natural flow into the landscape curve the wall back into the hillside Construction Details Curves Building curved and serpentine walls is simple AB s patented de sign allows for easy installation of both inside and outside curves Most curves can be built with no cutting involved allanblock com e Try to maintain an offset of the vertical seams by at least 4 of the block length from the courses below Cutting a block in half or using the half width blocks will assist in creating a proper offset Before beginning construction review the plans and layout the wall to eliminate tight radii More gentle sweeping curves produce more aestheticall
45. ab ALLAN allanblock com EF OW Manual for Fa y SSS ee Se 7 Wh Allan Block Retaining Walls allanblock com a ae ch he Al bl rd a ee Wn rnynd Matar ia About Us Allan Block is a leading provider of patented retaining wall systems for large scale commercial industrial roadway and residential projects For over twenty years Allan Block has been helping landscape and construction professionals build better walls With hundreds of millions of sguare feet of Allan Block in the ground we can deliver the guality and performance you need Our wide range of products allows you to be creative efficient and confident on every job Thank you for using Allan Block allanblock com Table of Contents Allan Block System 8 Allan Block Products 9 Built in Engineering 11 Gravity Walls 13 Reinforced Walls 15 Other Reinforcement Options 17 Plan Design 18 Develop a Plan 19 Design Evaluation 22 Build with AB and AB Europa 24 UN Gravity Wall Construction 20 Reinforced Wall Construction 26 No Fines Concrete Backfill amp Installation 30 Working with Soils 32 Compaction 33 i A Water Management 34 ONDARE TA Build Patterned Walls with AB and AB Europa 36 Wall Patterns 37 Patterned Wall Construction 38 Patterned Wall Construction Tips 40 Build with AB Fieldstone NEW A2 Gravity Wall Construction 45 Reinforced Wall Construction 47 AB
46. ack of ci wn 7 ai an we a mM O A F nae Compact the reinforced zone Compact all materials to a minimum 95 in 8 in Standard Proctor 200 mm Never operate compaction equipment directly on geogrid All heavy equipment must be kept at least 3 feet 0 9 m from the back of the wall Wall designs typically do not account for surcharges from heavy compaction equioment Even a properly installed and compacted wall will rotate forward when extreme surcharges from heavy equipment are applied to the top of the wall during construction and final grading Check and adjust for level alignment and the wall batter as the wall stacks up It is acceptable to shim under blocks to compensate for a build up of tolerances or an out of level base condition Asphalt shingles or geogrid work well when shims are required The maximum allowable shim thickness per course is 1 8 in 3 mm Remove all excess wall rock and ridges or slag material from the top surface of all AB units This prepares a smooth surface for placement of the next course Plate compactors operated on top of the block will remove most slag material and prep the block for the next course When installing the next course of block sliding the block into place will also remove any slag material UU U I gt GU Em m UO DN za m From the second course and up com pact starting on the wall and working to the back of the reinforced zo
47. all This soil shall be compacted to a minimum of 95 of Standard Proctor ASTM D698 prior to placement of the base material Achieving proper compaction in the soil beneath an upper terrace prevents settlement and deformation of the upper wall One way is to re place the soil with wall rock and compact in 8 in 200 mm lifts When using on site soils compact in maximum lifts of 4 in 100 mm or as re quired to achieve specified compaction B Filter fabric use is not suggested for use with cohesive soils Clogging of such fabric creates unacceptable hydrostatic pressures in soil rein forced structures When filtration is deemed necessary in cohesive soils use a three dimensional filtration system of clean sand or filtration ag gregate C Embankment protection fabric is used to stabilize rip rap and foundation soils in water applications and to separate infill materials from the re tained soils This fabric should permit the passage of fines to preclude clogging of the material Embankment protection fabric shall be a high strength polypropylene monofilament material designed to meet or exceed typical Corps of Engineers plastic filter fabric specifications CW 02215 stabilized against ultraviolet UV degradation and typically exceeding the values on Table 1 see pg 8 of Spec Book D Water management is of extreme concern during and after construction Steps must be taken to ensure that drain pipes are properly installed and vented to daylight
48. all be removed and replaced with acceptable material Geogrid Layout The geogrid reinforcement design will determine the depth of the reinforced zone and the excavation required Before construction begins verify top of wall TW and bottom of wall BW locations Check for buried utilities and other obstructions in the reinforced zone Wall Elevation to identify grid locations TW 2 84 ff 3 0 mw 10 5 A 2 2 ha Grid locafions lll AN do S ee ae E A AE AEREAS 0 Grade 6 56 fF 2 0 ha 6 56 6 56 2W 5 91 1 8 ha 591 5 21 ELEVATION 23 7 88 FF 2 4 ha e Wall Rock can be used for the base material within the AB Block cavities and behind the block Wall Rock must be compactible aggregate ranging in size from 0 25 in to 1 5 in 6 mm 38 mm with no more than 10 passing the 200 sieve with a minimum density of 120 lbs ft 1 923 kg m There needs to be a balanced mix of the sizes to achieve good compaction Refer to the AB Engineering Manual AB Spec Book AB Seismic Executive Summary and the AB Walls 10 Software for more de tailed information For design assistance con tact the AB Engineering Department or go to allanblock com Wall Cross Section Reinforced cone TW 10 5 ff 3 2 har Af Grade 6 56 fF 2 O ha A f allanblock com BW 6 91 1 8 ha VRE Section allanblock com Installation details for Gravity or Rei
49. anical plate compactor Compact in maximum 8 inch lifts 200 mm this time starting on the block and working in a path that runs parallel to the block towards the back of the reinforced zone Compact all materials to a minimum 9596 Standard Proctor Never operate compaction eguipment directly on geogrid All heavy eguipment must be kept at least 3 feet 0 9 m from the back of the wall Wall designs typically do not account for surcharges from heavy compaction equioment Even a properly installed and compacted wall will rotate forward when extreme surcharges from heavy equipment are applied to the top of the wall during construction and final grading Check and adjust for level alignment and the wall batter as the wall stacks up It is acceptable to shim under blocks to compensate for a build up of tolerances or an out of level base condition Asphalt shingles or geogrid work well when shims are required The maximum allowable shim thickness per course is 1 8 in 3 mm Remove all excess wall rock and ridges or slag material from the top re surface of all AB units This prepares a smooth surface for placement a Mie of the next course Plate compactors operated on top of the block Keep heavy equipment away from the will remove most slag material and prep the block for the next course back of the block When installing the next course of block sliding the block into place dl will also remove any slag material Step 8 Install
50. ar to loosely poured aggregate until cured e When using No Fines Concrete Backfill the backfill zone will also serve as the required drainage or wall rock zone within the cores and directly behind the wall allanblock com 30 No Fines Concrete Backfill No Fines Concrete Installation Steps Refer to the page 26 for the complete installation steps when preparing the base trench and installing the first course of blocks Once the first course of blocks are installed and leveled following these simple steps to place the No Fines Concrete Backfill Fill all the voids in the block and backfill fo the specified depth with the No Fines concrete Obviously there are numerous ways to get the concrete mix to the back of the wall Each site will be different It is recommended but not required for straight wall sections one of the back wings of the Allan Blocks be removed to help secure the block face to the concrete backfill The vertical height of a pour should not exceed 16 in 406 mm or two courses of block Additional pours can be made as soon as the No Fines concrete backfill in the previous lift has set which is usually not longer than 2 to 3 hours Additional courses of block could be stacked while waiting for the backfill to cure Additional Courses e Brush the top of the blocks to remove any excess material It is recommended that this be done before allowing the concrete to harden Install the next course of block
51. around spreader pipe fo wall face Ne A Sade Wall rock Provide for a bolted connection fo the spreader pipe Earth anchor roc anchor or soll nal Filter fabric to be placed between top soll and no fines oye Soil Nailing concrefe Attach tre fo anchor tighten fo fension Allan lock ani Galvanized steel tre MapN cvs from bond beaks fo AW Me on anchor or nel DEA TN Solid grout bond beana Wal rock Earth anchor roc amp anchor or sol nett allanblock com PLAN DESIGN allanblock com Plan and Design an Allan Block project Develop a Plan 19 Design Evaluation 22 allanblock com NOISAC NV 1d Plan Develop an accurate understanding of the job site before beginning any design engineering or construction on a project Site Geometry Develop an accurate PLAN of existing physical features Observe the soil type and condition site geometry at the wall location and immediate surroundings Note the natural drainage patterns Identify all physical features surrounding the proposed wall location Note key elevations lot lines utilities structures vegetation etc Conditions above and behind the wall will determine how high the wall can go before reinforcement is needed Note the site geometry above and below the proposed wall location Soils e Soil conditions behind and below each retaining wall have a direct effect on the strength needed in that retaining wall A The pressure
52. ast two times the height of the lower wall and the height of the upper wall is equal to or less than the height of the lower wall Use the Gravity Wall Chart on page 13 to determine if geogrid is required or check with a local wall engineer Walls that must be evaluated by an engineer are any walls need ing geogrid reinforcement walls closer than two times the height of the lower wall walls with more than two terraces and terraced walls with any structures above Terraced walls that do not perform independently must also be evaluated for global stability and the lower walls must be de signed to resist the load of the upper walls cr Terraces T E F D RE SS TN E f Independant ANN g Structures X R N Feetnforcemenr ASA Needed SS lAse this sthaple equation fo Aefrerrratne tf engineering revteru ts requured F lt H and D gt 24 d 61 allanblock com Te Ni R A Pr TH TT i Hre gt Iri lee ni aac ttt BH EL a jio wii 1H HEF pii ji URE E A Water Applications Retaining walls constructed in conditions where there is moving water streams standing water with wave action lakes or re tention ponds are considered water applications Water applications must be evaluated and designed to fit the Unique characteristics of the site Consult with a local qualified engineer for design assistance Water Applica
53. at NW g yn YON ing a channel for the water to flow out from YY Wall Rock Compactible aggregate ranging in size from 0 25 in to Ji NY N igl MS pa ZA Base material HL A ZZ 2 E SS YNYS lt lt RELE SS 1 5 in 6 mm to 38 mm with no more than 10 fines Used for base material within block cores and behind the block DN Geogrid Using the approved plan contact your local geogrid supplier or Allan Block Representative for geogrid specifications and assistance in ordering materials Drain Pipe The length of the wall will usually determine the same amount of drain pipe needed Check the approved plan for exact specifications and locations of the drain pipe Infill Soils 2 O E Using the approved plan subtract 2 ft 0 6 m from the grid length required This figure will determine the depth for the z infill soils 1 ft 0 3 m for the block and 1 ft 0 3 m for the wall rock behind the block O ft m x A Depth area ft m x ft m x 120 lbs ft 1 923 kg m 2000 lbs ton 1000 kg ton kg ton gt Height of wall Length of wall Unit weight of rock Infill soil i AB Capstones ft m __ ft m Wall length Width of capstone AB Capstones needed Adhesive for Capstones Use one 29 ounce tube 820 gm of adhesive for every 60 ft 18 m of wall length where capstones will be installed allanblock com 68 Geogrid Estimating Charts These pre engineered tables provide an ac
54. ate a s ourse corner To create a left or right hand corner simply flio the facing unit as needed to change the direction For walls requiring geogrid see page 58 Whenever possible begin your wall at the corner Install a facing unit with the textured end facing out at the corner Install an additional fac ing unit perpendicular to create a corner Install additional facing units in both directions to continue down the wall Check for level Step 1 Step 2 Starting at the corner and working out in both directions use anchoring Half anchoring units units to span the first two facing units in each direction Step 2 Both of these anchoring units will need to be modified slightly On the base course and above remove the wing from one anchoring unit From course two and above remove part of the lip off the other anchoring Remove wing unit so that it fits on top of the course below Step 3 from full Use half of an anchoring unit on either side of the spanning anchoring units unit Morning to get pattern back to each facing unit having its own anchoring unit Step 4 Step 3 Align the lip and notch of the anchoring units in each direction to en sure proper placement of next wall course Ist Course E TT j Fa e a z SR Y T f Cut caps at 45 degree angles to complete the outside corner and give Remov the wall a custom finished look lip Step 4 Half anchoring units 5 4 Course UU U I gt GU
55. bench that Setback may be required Engineering is required m S e AS Setback RAI jos i j SOY The amount the wall leans into the hill is called setback e SIS AB units come in multiple setbacks Bigger setbacks provide PLI IR DI RRE OY ON OY OY YOY OY OY OY gt better leverage and require less reinforcement For taller walls use a story pole and level to check for proper setback Setbacks increase when walls are built with radii Comply with construction Table 2 2 tolerances which are found in the AB Spec Book or approved AB Setback Chart Note Walls designed with a 12 setback require more space than 6 or 3 systems but will be more stable You may give ELSIE Aft a ar 10 f 12m 1 8m 2 4m 3 0m Up ground but the final factors of safety are higher construction plans AB AB Europa excluding s AB Stones amp AB Vertical 5 0 in 7 50 in TOO in Suita and AB Fieldstone Collection 125mm 170mm 255mm 320mm Global Stability Global stability is an engineering analysis of the overall balance of a slope or hillside Walls built on hillsides may affect this balance and stability Cuts into a hillside will steepen the effective slope and shift the balance of the hill thereby re ducing stability Walls built on top of slopes have the same effect Engineering is required Global Stability What to consider when assessing global stability e Surcharges Tiered Walls Slopes Soil Properties
56. ber of layers Install enough layers to adequately MAN AOE increase the internal strength of the soil mass and handle all applied loads e Spacing between layers Grid layers must be correctly soaced to distribute internal forces Typically spaced on 16 in 405 mm centers Finished grade Yb GLU Connection strength Block and geogrid must work A ae 6 th 150 hana together to resist internal forces Base material allanblock com ab ALLAN allanblock com Internal Compound Stability Slip plane that runs through the retained and reinforced soil and wall facing 2 or Hett Internal Compound Internal Compound instability occurs when a slip arc passes through retained soil reinforced soil and facing Increase length strength or decrease spacing of grid use select infill material AB Geogrid Wall Typical Section Finished grade PGR SS SS AA S a AAA a a NY Tr TD Retatned sol P S l M A e e PE fl H 4 E HIH T E T N l IEE Infill soils HA UIECH Core Ti l i ll IHI l T e TE o IS i l i Geogrid reinforcement H type ond length Varies ma per wall design
57. ckfill behind the wall rock and in front of the base course Use a plate compactor to consolidate the area behind the block Compact in lifts of 8 in 200 mm or less Step 5 Install Additional Courses e Remove all excess material from the top surface of AB units This can be done when installing the next course of block by sliding the block into place Stack the next course of blocks so that the vertical seams are offset from the blocks below by at least 3 in 75 mm or 1 4 the length of the block e Check and adjust for level alignment and the wall batter as the wall STACKS up Fill the block cores and behind the block with wall rock a minimum of 12 in 300 mm Use approved soils to backfill behind the wall rock From course 2 and above use a plate compactor to compact directly on the blocks as well as the area behind the blocks Compact in lifts of 8 in 200 mm or less Complete wall to required height See page 53 for information on wall ending options Use 8 in 200 mm of impermeable fill on the last lift to finish off wall For walls under 4 ft 1 2 m an 18 in 460 mm wide by 10 in 250 mm deep trench with 4 in 100 mm of wall rock base material is acceptable 25 allanblock com Gravity Wall Typical Cross Section Pilate compaction zone WYO RS Zmpermeaoble fill SS INKS NE Wall roc amp SS ea DN DN ND AS PN CL ANN SS NAS XXXN MAS DO N I UN INIA PREG
58. course pattern to minimize cutting and fitting e The base course needs to be a full course of full size blocks For each 10 ft 3 m length you will need 7 blocks Standard Patterns Uses all blocks in the collections Two Course Pattern AB Europa Collection 10 ft 3 m Approx Blocks Required 16 in 6 AB Classic or AB Stones 6 AB Dover 405 mm 4 AB Jumbo Junior 4 AB Palermo Approx 8 AB Lite Stone 8 AB Barcelona 8 AB Junior Lite 8 AB Bordeaux Three Course Pattern age 10 ft 3 m Approx AB Europa Collection Blocks Required a te 10 AB Classic or AB Stones 10 AB Dover Approx 10 AB Jumbo Junior 10 AB Palermo 10 AB Lite Stone 10 AB Barcelona 4 AB Junior Lite 4 AB Bordeaux Note In the AB Collection if the AB Junior Lite is not available an AB Lite Stone will need to cut in half See page 41 for more information Lite Patterns Uses only the smaller blocks in the collections Two Course Pattern AB Europa Collection lt a COD ce m Blocks Reguired 1 in 7 AB Jumbo Junior 7 AB Palermo 405 mm 15 AB Lite Stone 15 AB Barcelona Approx 12 AB Junior Lite 12 AB Bordeaux Three Course Pattern lt INC AB Europa Collection Blocks Required ia Le 14 AB Jumbo Junior 14 AB Palermo Approx 19 AB Lite Stone 19 AB Barcelona 18 AB Junior Lite 18 AB Bordeaux Note Maximum recommended wall height for Lite Patterns is 6 ff 1 8 m For more information see the Allan Block Patter
59. ctor shall prevent excessive mud cementitious materials or other foreign materials from coming in contact with the geogrid material PART 2 MATERIALS 2 1 Definitions A Geogrid products shall be of high density polyethylene or polyester yarns encapsulated in a protective coating specifically fabricated for use as a soil reinforcement material Concrete retaining wall units are as detailed on the drawings and shall be Allan Block Retaining Wall Units Drainage material is free draining granular material as defined in Section 1 2 2 Wall Rock Infill soil is the soil Used as fill for the reinforced soil mass Foundation soil is the in situ soil 2 2 Products Geogrid shall be the type as shown on the drawings having the property requirements as described within the manufacturers specifications 2 3 Acceptable Manufacturers A manufacturer s product shall be approved by the wall design engineer PART 3 WALL CONSTRUCTION 3 1 Foundation Soil Preparation A Foundation soil shall be excavated to the lines and grades as shown on the construction drawings or as directed by the on site soils engineer B Foundation soil shall be examined by the on site soils engineer to assure that the actual foundation soil strength meets or exceeds assumed design strength C Over excavated areas shall be filled with compacted backfill material approved by on site soils engineer D Contractor shall verify locations of existing structures and utilities prior
60. curate estimate for geogrid reinforcement To use the tables follow these simple steps 1 2 3 4 Verify that the site condition of your retaining wall matches the table being used Verify that the soil conditions at your site match the description given Choose the wall height needed for your site and read across to find the number of grid layers embedment length and grid locations Verify that excessive water runoff or a high water table is not present Design Parameters Factors of Safety Sliding Overturning Grid Pullout Grid Rupture General Proper drainage provided Grid meets ASTM D 4595 Grid Long Term Allowable Design Strength LTADS 700 lbs ft 10 200 N m i e Fortrac 20 4 20 Miragrid 2XT Strata 200 Raugrid 2 3 35 Synteen SF20 Tensar UX1000 Assumed Weights Earth Backfill Filled weight of AB Allan Block Soils Cohesion Bearing Capacity 36 Bearing Capacity 32 Bearing Capacity 27 120 Ibs ft3 19 KN m3 131 Ibs ft 20 5 kN m 135 lbs ft3 21 1 kN m 0 4 000 psf 191 520 kPa 3 500 psf 167 580 kPa 2 500 psf 119 700kPa These charts should be used for estimating grid quantities for projects which match the site and soil descriptions provided and only for projects which use grid strengths of 700 lbs ft 10 200 N m or higher No provision or analysis for global stability or seismic activity Reference Guide 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12
61. d Use approved soils to backfill behind the wall rock and in front of the base course Step 3 Compact Compaction of the material behind the block is critical for a quality wall e Use a mechanical plate compactor to consolidate the wall rock then compact the backfill material immediately behind the block Compact in a path parallel to the wall working from the back of the block to the back of the backfill material See page 33 for additional details on compaction e Check the base course for level and adjust as necessary All backfill soils must be compacted to a minimum 95 Standard Proctor Use equipment appropriate for the soil being compacted Remove all excess material from the top surface of all AB units This prepares a smooth surface for placement of the next course This can be assisted when installing the next course of block by sliding the block into place e Every course after the first course requires compaction starting on the block ui allanblock com Install AB Fieldstone facing units Level and adjust JHT E TL a ll O Install wall rock Sweep to remove excess materials for placement of geogrid Compact wall rock and backfill soils AB Fieldstone Reinforced Wall Construction 3 Install Geogrid e Cut sections of geogrid to specified lengths Check manufacturer s grid specifications for strength and roll or machine direction Refer to gt allanbloek corm the appro
62. d specications Cofahan tube er pre pipe te be mstalled during wall construction after wall construaction post footing pitt regire hand excavation as fo not danaege aeogrid Alan Block anr Fence or rathng iS SSS SSS SY pes FF O ba path 2 4 a SOOM 2 a G iu a Y Double Wall Parapet Refer to design detads Section f Allan Block Typical Section for all other notes details and specications Sed under back parapet wall haust be considered as a new base course The entire arca belon naast be conpacted to A hainihanha oF 2575 standard proctor to harnrharze potential settlenaear LS Ge oprid reinforcement Parapet height Fence or rauug height Concrete post footing AN Post ehrbedhrcnt depth L Cut or displace geogrid around coluban Tube or pre pipe Well graded granular wall rock 0 25 th to 1 5 in 6 haha to 38 hana fess that toZ fines Paverrent surface stoped amar froma wall Curb stop Uf curb and gutters are ased proper grid placehaent haust be considered Pavement Setback _ He 100 haha subgrade Well cer eectea inferior leveling distance distamnez ao p see y ER Rod see nore H a e e e a Altan Block minit Non Impact Rail Kefer te design deads Seatioe p Alian Black Tapicol Section for AF other n
63. e blocks fill the entire area that was earlier excavated to create the base for the next stair riser This should produce a level base for the next set of risers We rec ommend backfilling and compacting behind the block in 4 in lifts 100 mm to achieve better compaction when able Rake wall rock smooth and compact with the first pass of the com pactor directly on the tops of the block and then working in a path that runs parallel to the block Compact to 95 Standard Proctor Stair Tread Options Repeat this process for each additional course of steps needed AB Capstone and Pavers En o9 allanblock com Excavate for stairs and compact Run f SS bl 0 OS Li itil XIXI XIXI XIXI Trench KS Install and level blocks on base material tr 150 hana Backfill block cores and behind block with wall rock Compact m SS RAK RXR l _S SHIH NT Pe N RRR PWN SN Ce y SS Install next s th stair COUrse Geo mm Star tread E ee wg lt 1 a F 4 DRONA SS OX Continue for each new stair Install capstone and paver treads Use sand under the pavers to level 6 th SO hana depth Star A with AB Capstones SAT ANN SISTINE DIGG EN o NN a N AA OSI ISSSTE Stairs can be designed with flowing curves or straight lines Curved sidewalls create a softer natural look
64. e the base material and one entire block At this point step up the height of one block and begin a new section of base trench Continue to step up as needed to top of slope Always bury at least one full unit at each step a allanblock com Sloping grade EA ee Reinforced Wall Construction als e i ii i Step 6 Install Geogrid ALLAN Refer to the plans for placement of grid this example starts on the base course e Cut sections of geogrid to specified lengths Check manufacturer s grid specifications for strength and roll or machine direction Refer to the approved plans for exact size and location Install the layer of geogrid by placing the cut edge to the back of the raised front lip and roll the layer out to the back of the excavation area The excavation area must be fully compacted and level Stack the next course of block on top of the geogrid so that the blocks are offset from the blocks below Each new course should be positioned so that the vertical seams are offset by at least 3 in 75 mm and are tight allanblock com against the front edge of the units below Perfect running bond is not ine Pola required tight agains Sight down the wall line to check for a straight wall Blocks may be Fate adjusted slightly to form straight lines or smooth flowing curves Install geogrid stake in place Pull on
65. e this list as a guide to prepare your project specific checklist and to review the most common points It may also be used during the bidding process or a pre construc tion meeting to ensure that all special provisions are complied with Typical Reinforcement Cross Section SRR NN NL NL NL NL NN S Z g RIRI RIRI RIII XI XIRI RIRI RIRI RI XI XI XIRI RIX AV WN NN Sas Ni y r TN Exposed Wiebe Always check the local building codes document any changes nel belt A hn to the plan in writing and notify the wall design engineer with any ZAA i concerns on water management A Y Ao Eparbedpacnt A 4 depth AW Review wall design plans for _ s Basi A Compliance of site to latest site plan Ata a Does the site plan and wall layout coincide with current site conditions e Have all slopes above and below the walls been taken into account on the plans e Do the section drawings match the topography of the job site e Have site utilities been accounted for e Are there any recommendations for changes to the site plans to accommodate the wall B Review of reported soil conditions with on site soils engineer e Are on site soils consistent with soil parameters used in wall design Does the site show indications of multiple types of soil and has this been accounted fore e Is there evidence of landfill areas on site e Has the owner contracted with a geotechnical engineering firm f
66. e trained to test and measure compaction densities On site testing should be part of the wall project and included in the bid documents Obtaining the optimum moisture content will ensure that the maximum density can be achieved Soil that is too dry or too wet will not reach 95 of Standard Proctor The most important step in getting proper compaction Is the placement of the soll in lifts Compacting in lifts or layers of less than 8 in 200 mm will facilitate quality compaction Compaction equioment must be sized according to the type of material being compacted Placement and compaction in lifts that exceed 8 in 200 mm will result in less than adequate soil strength Consult with a local equipment supplier to ensure that proper compaction equipment is used Always backfill and com pact after each course of block is placed The consolidation zone runs from the back of the block back 3 ft 0 9 m into the infill soil Only walk behind mechanical plate compaction equioment shall be allowed within the consolidation zone A minimum of two passes with a walk behind plate compactor are required Con tinue compaction process until proper compaction is achieved starting on top of the block and compacting in paths that run parallel with the wall to the back of the consolidation zone Some applications require higher levels of compaction in the consolida tion zone Examples of these include additional walls or structures located within 3 ft
67. e water has been accounted for in the design Extra care must be employed to prevent water trom entering the reinforced zone when non permeable infill soils are used in wall construction Drain pipes used in toe or heel drain applications must be properly vented a minimum of every 50 ft 15 m Methods to accomplish this include having drain pipes draining into the storm sewer system or vented to a lower elevation on the site See approved plans for locations When venting to a lower elevation if is important that all drain locations are properly marked during the construction phase and protected during and after the completion of the project to ensure that the drain pipe is not damaged or plugged Rodent screens and concrete collars are examples of details employed to allow for water to flow through the outlet pipes and keep the pathway clear of debris If details are not identified on the plans request guidance from the local engineer or the site civil engineer Concentrated Water Sources Prior to constructing the wall review drainage plans and details with the general contractor or site civil engineer to identify all potential sources of concentrated water Examples that must be accounted for are Below grade storm sewer pipes Water lines mains or fire hydrants Grading of site Parking lots e Catch basin to storm sewer system Roof down spouts Slopes above walls 35 allanblock com Chimney Drain Y a
68. ed soils may require additional compaction passes and or specific compaction equipment such as a sheepsfoot roller Maximum lifts of 4 inches 100 mm may be required to achieve adequate compaction within the consolidation zone Employ methods using lightweight compaction equipment that will not disrupt the stability or batter of the wall Final compaction requirements in the consolidation zone shall be established by the engineer of record Install each subsequent course in like manner Repeat procedure to the extent of wall height G As with any construction work some deviation from construction drawing alignments will occur Variability in construction of SRWS is approxi mately equal to that of cast in place concrete retaining walls As opposed to cast in place concrete walls alignment of SRWs can be simply corrected or modified during construction Based upon examination of numerous completed SRWS the following recommended minimum tolerances can be achieved with good construction techniques Vertical Control 1 25 in 32 mm max over 10 ft 3 m distance Horizontal Location Control straight lines 21 25 in 32 mm over a 10 ft 3 m distance Rotation from established plan wall batter 2 09 Bulging 1 0 in 25 mm over a 10 ft 3 0 m distance 3 5 Additional Construction Notes A When one wall branches into two terraced walls it is mportant to note that the soil behind the lower wall is also the foundation soil beneath the upper w
69. eek UU U I gt GU all m a 3 09 Z m lt ALL IZ fi sal g k allanblock com 44 AB Fieldstone Gravity Wall Construction For complete details on the proper steps for site prep drainage re guirements and installing the base material see page 25 Steps 1 and 2 Most designs will reguire a local wall design engineer or a site civil engineer to develop approved plans The projects must be built to these approved plans and specifications 1 Install Base Course Begin at the lowest wall elevation by placing the AB Fieldstone facing units on the base material towards the front of the trench leaving room for the AB Fieldstone anchoring unit Check each unit and adjust for level and alignment The facing units can be randomly flipped upside down to give different facing appearances For proper placement of the AB Fieldstone anchoring units use a brick hammer to create a small trench to allow for the lip Install the AB Fieldstone anchoring units into the receiving slots of the facing units with the lip facing down in the trench just created Make adjustments to ensure anchoring units are installed reasonably level with the facing unit The anchoring units should never be installed higher than the facing unit Except for soecial applications like corners each anchoring unit should match up with one facing unit e Drain pipe is required for walls over 4 ff 1 2 m tall or are constructed in silty or c
70. er A LETAL l l I 4 Calculate the total wall structure yh i e Use Table 2 2 to calculate the total wall setback y sn i TH TT Geogrid e Add the required grid lengths to determine total wall a amc a E E envelope ch Ti TT Hee fA e Cross check the total wall envelope with available space E T Backfill soils 7 SSA Y ni at wall site ANAS Ge ALETAS Note For more information see page 11 amp 12 of the AB Spec Book Weill rock Material and Site Checklist Prior to Construction Building a reinforced retaining wall requires advanced planning and careful layout at the job site Check Your Materials e Cross check the block delivered for color style and setback and confirm it matches the AB unit specified on the approved plans e Cross check the geogrid delivered for strength weight roll size strength direction and manufacturer and confirm it matches mr the grid specified on the engineered plans bwn a a fa Delivery and Storage e Lay out a storage area for the block geogrid reinforcement and wall rock Store blocks on wood pallet
71. following gradation as determined in accordance with ASTM D422 100 75 C Where additional fill is required contractor shall submit sample and specifications to the wall 100 20 design engineer or the on site soils engineer for approval and the approving engineer must certify that the soils proposed for use has properties meeting or exceeding original design O wo oa standards No 200 0 35 PART 3 WALL CONSTRUCTION 3 1 Excavation A Contractor shall excavate to the lines and grades shown on the construction drawings Contractor shall use caution not to over excavate beyond the lines shown or to disturb the base elevations beyond those shown B Contractor shall verify locations of existing structures and utilities prior to excavation Contractor shall ensure all surrounding structures are protected from the effects of wall excavation 3 2 Foundation Soil Preparation A Foundation soil shall be defined as any soils located beneath a wall B Foundation soil shall be excavated as dimensioned on the plans and compacted to a minimum of 95 of Standard Proctor ASTM D698 prior to placement of the base material C Foundation soil shall be examined by the on site soils engineer to ensure that the actual foundation soil strength meets or exceeds assumed design strength Soil not meeting the required strength shall be removed and replaced with acceptable material r allanblock com ab 3 3 Base A The base material shall be the
72. forced Wall Construction e For walls that require geogrid reinforcement selection of which pattern to use is determined by the grid spacing shown on the approved plans If grid is required every 2 courses then use a 2 course pattern if 3 course grid spacing is required use a 3 course pattern e f building with a random pattern the pattern must be leveled off at the appropriate courses to allow for the installation of geogrid on a flat surface oe Ending Patterned Walls allanblock com Ending Patterned Walls Step Downs Patterned walls may be ended with step ups or turn ins When ending a patterned wall discontinue the pattern and randomly adjust as necessary to meet the site conditions See page 53 for more information on ending walls Curves When building curves the 2 course pattern is easier to work with than the 3 course pattern The 3 course pattern will require more custom fitting or cutting of blocks to ensure a tight fit Inside curved walls are easily constructed by maintaining a tight spacing at the front of the wall face For tighter radii it may be necessary to cut out parts of the bottom notch in order for the blocks to fit tightly together see page 54 UJ a SG U gt Tl JJ m SB gt no E Cp Outside curved walls The wall will tighten as the height increases There are three methods to adjust for the tightening effect e On the first course of the pattern open the spacin
73. g between blocks slightly so that the top course s of the pattern will need minimal cutting Reduce the lengths of the blocks by shortening them using a saw with a diamond blade Remove parts of the bottom notch for the blocks to fit tightly together see page 54 The best answer is to always use the 2 course pattern when building curves Dash of Ashlar a ar pu i The AB Collections have been created in modular sizes to EN Sh Bey ite e y allow for easy construction of patterned walls Selected areas of non patterned walls can also contain patterns With the modular design the blocks can be installed with ease allanblock com Patterned Wall Construction Tips Corners Outside corners are easily built using AB Corner Blocks e Start at the corner and build the wall working out in both directions When ending a patterned wall with a corner use a random selection of blocks to transition from the patterned courses into Patterned Walls With Corners the AB Corner Blocks AB Corner Blocks PRA pattern Note Always start the base course at the lowest elevation then CR beginning additional courses at the corner will minimize cutting Inside corners are constructed in the same manner as for non patterned walls Remove the top lip of the course where the walls intersect See page 57 Stairs When building steps into patterned walls use the full sized AB Blocks for step blocks See page 59 for stair constr
74. g unit w short anchoring S 6 6 ft 7 In OW iSM 7i 10 N PAOI WT MA DARA AB amp AB Europa ee e a Half Size Blocks 6 STOR 3 i 9 iN TT Oey 0 9m 1 0m LISM Use this chart to find the minimum recommended radius at base of wall For a smooth curve with less cutting use our half width blocks to help build the curve allanblock com Construction Details Curves with Geogrid Inside Curves Geogrid needs to have 100 coverage around an inside curve To achieve this additional layers need to be installed either above or below the course where the grid is required to fill voids that are created e Cut geogrid to required lengths per the approved plan Lay out the primary geogrid around the curve butting front edges together Make sure strength direction runs perpendicular to wall face Mark the blocks or take note of the areas where there are voids in the grid placement e Place the filler piece of grid on the next course or the course below to cover the void left on the primary layer Additional grid lager placed on next course fo ehbatnare gaps from course below Outside Curves e Cut geogrid to required lengths per the approved plans Lay out the geogrid around the curve e Lift the section of grid that overlaps and place the fill material to separate Grid layers need to be separated by a 3 in 75 mm layer of approved fill material Never compact directly on the geogrid Grid
75. hataha Y Lom permeability granular pratertal placed in cores of the Allan Block as well as ter Phe uf sod allanblock com wall rock 0 285 in to 1 5 tin 15 ha centers baaxtbaunnr Wind Bearing Fence or Railing Option 1 Refer to Design Section 1 Allan Block Typical Section for all other notes detas and specifications Wind loaded fence design and construction reguires site specifie analysis for every wall case Contact Allan Block Corporation er a gualthied local engineer for ASSISTANCE Column tube or pre pipe to be installed daring mall constriction after mall canstrachon pest footing will regire hand excavation as fo not dannage geogrid Fence rata f 2 Y A or a Fence ov railing Acta Concrete post footing a NND Post enabediaent depth Cut or displace geogrid around colmbar Tabe or ve pipe Top geogrid lager hanst with the top three courses Irs length hatast consider the fence Allan Glock ant stabi Toy Non Wind Bearing Refer to Section f Allan Block Topical Section far all ether notes detorls and specificahens Fen ce or ranting height Cut geogrid te allow for pest Fence or Railing 7 Nen wind loaded fence or rating Core drill capstone to ala for post Instal pest through block rebaore wees OF block as MECESSAY Great hatnibamhn top
76. he wall which will shed surface runoff toward the wall Note the type of surface i e paved surfaces sodded areas etc to determine the water flow and volume Note any concentrated sources of water flow such as runoff from parking lots roof drains and scuppers drainage swales creek beds ground water etc See page 34 amp 35 allanblock com PIN Grading Develop a grading plan that routes water around the walls as much as the site will allow Provide swales above and below the wall as required to accommodate water movement Divert sources of concentrated water flow from the wall Retaining wall designs must prevent the pooling of water above or below the wall Drainage Proper drainage planning considers water flow and volume above below and behind the retaining wall Most Allan Block gravity walls lower unreinforced walls will drain adeguately on their own e ifa large area sheds water to the wall i e parking lot added drainage will be necessary e Concentrated sources of water must be planned for and managed e Reinforced walls will need added drainage for the backfill zone and the wall base Surcharges Major wall structures roadway and municipal projects and walls built in extreme rainfall or wet environments will need a thorough hydrology analysis prior to construction Surcharges
77. id systems e Superior drainage e Faster drying in wet environments e Better resistance to freeze thaw cycles e Improved efflorescence control e Easier handling faster installation lower labor costs Block to block interlock created from wall rock in the blocks e Lower production and freight costs Table 1 2 Standard Product Specifications Compressive Strength 3000 psi 20 67 MPa Absorption Northern Climates 7 5lb f 120 kg m Absorption Southern Climates 10 lb ft 160 kg m Unit Density Hollow 125 1b ft 2002 kg m Unit Shear Strength 645 lb ft 9406 N m Reference ASTM 1372 allanblock com Gravity Walls A retaining wall that relies solely on it s own weight to stand up is called a gravity wall Allan Block combines the basic engineering principles of setback leverage and total unit mass with simple mechanics to make highly stable gravity walls Setback amp Sliding Wedge Every retaining wall supports a wedge of soil The wedge is defined as the soil which extends beyond the failure plane of the soil tyoe present at the wall site and can be calculated once the soil friction angle is known As the setback of the wall increases the size of the sliding wedge is reduced This reduction lowers the pressure on the retaining wall See references 1 7 17 Gravity Wall Heights Use the gravity wall chart to find the maximum height that can be built before reinforcement is required The g
78. ing unit with the textured end perpendicular to create a corner with the tex tured face placed to face out Split an anchoring unit in half Take one half and remove the bottom lip and place in the facing unit that was used to create the Step Down See page 49 for details on modifying an anchoring unit e The next anchoring unit will be installed in the first two facing unit s that lead up to the Step Down This anchoring unit will span two facing units One of the wings of this unit will need to be removed to allow placement Use the other half of the previous anchoring unit in the next slot to get pattern back so each facing unit has its own anchoring unit Use a flexible masonry adhesive to secure the corner units in place Modify half an anchoring unit by removing lip to secure the facing unit arn Ma i x de r Full anchoring i unit spanning W blocks to secure Step Down Ye peta a HIN a iA MY Ho a oe ret Pe Ma i dri ie Remove wing lt lt iz e a r from anchoring a noe unit orate E i Y e AL UL E Pasa Install the half of an Pe P Step Ups When building Step Ups into a slope always begin at the lowest wall elevation of the base course For more information see page 25 To create a Step Up span a block between the leveling pad and the block course below Step Ups are most stable when the upper block has sufficient bearing on the lower block The length of the 824
79. k com Define Terms Base Material A base pad of granular material compacted and leveled to receive the base course of AB units ALLAN Reinforced Zones Area located directly behind the block that Reinforced zone allanblock com runs to the end of the area being reinforced by any geogrid reinforcement material zone Compaction em solidation Consolidation Zones The 3 ft 0 9 m area directly behind the SARA AA SS a back of the block and extending toward the back of the o o a excavated area Ty T Compaction Zones The area located behind the consolidation Y a 24 nE LE IT e zone that runs to the end of the area being disturbed by any construction activities RAE a O Ss Co Geogrid A manufactured high strength reinforcement grid NYX ot T Ti Hr a lt lt Y maferial that comes in rolls of various sizes and strengths TA RANE Infill Soils The soil Used to backfill behind the wall rock in the RX reinforced zone These soils need to be identified and ISS approved by a qualified engineer before they can be used A A granular type of material is best EB ZA N me TH UZZUMLL am reve DULL SS Wall reck IET a DDO WK WN X i ISl Ti uz el IPE EE A R Sn H I EN Geogrid EE a ile EEE l y Drain Pipe Used fo direct incidental water that makes its way in SS KN W i ie Hr TE tswoyin AAA E ye behind the reinforced mass and vents it to daylight by cre
80. l E ps yr y TT OT nl Hal LLTTTH TT LLL TAI i HHH HH NDA YRU ale iji T I TN cae Hil CT E l 1 i ber HH HEB HM HEH T ay Fu HoT AIN wn i oe r Pe r 7 m z a T ia Til TEITHIO TT CAT T TERFEL PELL Pe ET NIN ji AT HIS HATH allanblock com allanblock com Online Resources e Product Information e Technical Notes e Construction Details e Specifications e Testing Reports e CADD Details e Installation Guides 7 PTE gt ds Y A T z m de a Es JUANI JB JE O A mmmu mn Sekar DYN UU hb Design Software a e Estimating Software e Photo and Video Library e Case Studies Project Profiles e Multiple Languages e Continuing Education Credits e Training Information and Schedules e Testing Information e and much more i y e Se E Available at allanblock com Gn a ihe a E A LA mu nn allanblock com NY AB Fieldstone a a ru aaa Poe eo PF E Fr raa Fw allanblock com aN MT Tex if Facing Series Cascade Color Rustic Creeks n AH See page 43 for detailed information on the AB Fieldstone Collection EEX i HEH He na maui i M Made with Facing Series Sierra Recvaled Ni rial Color Rustic Creek ecycled Materials allanblock com ab ALLAN allanblock com os a Mo a A Facing Series Sierra Color Rustic Creek a z E a
81. lay soils See approved plans for location and specifications Refer to page 63 for details on an alternate drain location 2 Install Wall Rock and Backfill Materials Fill the hollow cores and a minimum of 12 in WE 300 mm behind the wall with wall rock ws O Install the wall rock to be level or below the A ENG a noch on the receiving notch of the anchoring unit back of the block Use approved soils to backfill behind the wall rock and in front of the base course Use a plate compactor to consolidate the area behind the blocks Compact in lifts of 8 in 200 mm or less AB Fieldstone Anchoring Units AB Fieldstone is a multi piece retaining wall system where each block assembly consists of a facing unit and an anchoring unit These universal anchoring units short anchoring unit SAU and long anchoring unit LAU are made of recycled materials and are used with the 812 and 824 facing units The long anchoring unit is an option for job sites that require taller walls but do not have room for excavation and geogrid placement The maximum gravity wall heights using short anchoring units with either of the two facing units is Up to 5 ft 8 in 1 7 m in good soil conditions The maximum gravity wall heights using long anchoring units with either of the two facing units is up to 9 ft 8 in 3 0 m in good soil conditions Good soils conditions are defined as well graded compactible granular aggrega
82. lidate SS section ai SS mni the wall rock Place grid if required and begin the next pattern LEGUAS MT A NR OA NNA SS ONIN RRO NIINI NIN RRR KA AN ND SS S N ES MINAS III ROUTERS YS x YY FO Al Ge LR SAS NS allanblock com Patterned Wall Construction Use approved infill soils to backfill behind the wall rock in the reinforced zone The height of the wall rock and backfill material cannot exceed 8 in 200 mm before compacting The top of the blocks will not always match up with each lift of soil Using a mechanical plate compactor compact the wall rock and infill materials behind the wall in maximum 8 in 200 mm lifts Compact immediately behind the wall in a path parallel to the wall working from the back of the wall to the back of the excavated area Compact to a minimum of 95 Standard Proctor Check blocks for level and then install the remainder of the 2 course pattern Install wall rock in the block cores and behind the blocks as before Use approved infill soils to backfill pehind wall rock Check blocks for level and for batter With the first multiole course pattern completed use a plate compactor to compact the wall rock in the block cores and the wall rock behind the blocks The first pass of the plate compactor should be directly over the top of the block cores After running the plate compactor on top of the blocks and wall rock compact the infill material mmediately behind the wall Compact
83. lock back 3 ft NN Li TE Tri LN a i AAAA E N ES 0 9 m into the infill soil Only mechanical plate compaction PLIGG TTT R Ne ecg equioment shall be allowed within the consolidation zone NNN T To Olly 1 OE AN SSA o PEN RRR aA AN Compaction Zone LAN TN NN p SS mr gy NN h a SA UI NN The compaction zone runs from the back of the consolidation zone AA AN NS Yz i ESSE N NAR to the cut in the slope Heavier compaction equipment can be used A PA A g ANAN in this zone provided no sudden braking or sharp turning occurs NNN NNNNA BOERINN NNN allanblock com Reinforced Wall Construction Step 3 Install Base Course e Begin at the lowest wall elevation e Place all units top side up with the raised front lip facing up and forward on the base material Check and adjust for level and alignment of all AB units Check block for level frequently from side to side and front to back Verify the proper position of all AB units by examining a string line across the back of the blocks or by sighting down the back of the raised front lip Make minor adjustments by tapping the AB units with a dead blow hammer or by placing up to 0 5 in 13 mm of coarse sand under the units Irregularities in the base course become larger as the wall stacks up Careful attention to a straight and level base course will ensure a quality finished wall Step 4 Install Wall Rock and Backfill Material e Fill the hollow cores of the base course and 12 in
84. m D x 230mm L Weight Approximate Dimensions 60 Ibs 30 kg 90 Ibs 40 kg 125 Ibs 55 kg 185 Ibs 85 kg 8 in Hx 13in Dx 12in L 200mm H x 330mm D x 300mm L 8 in H x 23 in D x 12 in L 200mm H x 585mm D x 300mm L 8 in H x 13 in D x 24 in L 200mm H x 330mm D x 600mm L 8 in H x 23 in D x 24 in L 200mm H x 585mm D x 600mm L Actual dimensions weights and setbacks will vary by manufacturer Check with your local Allan Block manufacturer for exact specifications and color availability Caps and corner blocks are also available for each of the collections Patterned Walls The design possibilities are endless Use the blocks from the AB or AB Europa Collections individually or blend them together to create AB Ashlar or AB Abbey Blend patterned walls The inter locking blocks easily fit together without any materials or tools AB Ashlar Blend from the AB Collection allanblock com AB Abbey Blend from the AB Europa Collection a 1 j i mr Fr fhe Er uE Fe una lg E 10 The Allan Block System Engineered For Simplicity Allan Block s built in features make retaining walls easy to engineer and simple to build These simple engineering features make the Allan Block Collections the most efficient and reliable products on the market Mortarless Construction Mortarless technology works Building flexible structures with interlocking dry stacked materials provides superior performance o
85. manpower The use of No Fines Concrete Backfill also elimi nates the need for compaction and compaction testing of the reinforced soil lt provides superior wall drainage since the entire mass Is permeable therefore eliminating the need for wall rock in the cores and behind the wall This pervious concrete backfill will provide a solid solution that can reduce the overall settlement behind the wall No Fines Concrete NFC Backfill Voids in block WMLT SS YNAD Engineering Properties rth nonfines MS AAS 4 placed bebes ep No Fines Concrete Backfill can be used with any of the Allan ELIE LE a ee p Block Retaining Wall Collections Wot Y conerefe depth veria par No Fines Concrete Backfill typically consists of cement fly ash Mn 1 No fines concrete water and coarse aggregate The quantity of cementitious dnit A oes alae material is approximately 500 Ib yd 297 kg m with a LAS water cement ratio of approximately 0 30 0 40 i AVE e No Fines Concrete Backfill is designed using 3 8 in fo 3 4 in SO NM A 9 5 mm to 19 mm aggregate with an aggregate cement nn eer ratio of 6 1 The density of this product will vary with the density of the aggregate used but will typically range between 100 lb ft 135 lo f 1600 kg ms 2160 kg m e No Fines Concrete Backfill has little to no slump and exerts pressure on the soil and Allan Block wall simil
86. nchoring unit Allan Block has opened the door to many benefits that are not only Green but Natural and Friendly as well The facing units are created with differing looks styles and colors which are called Series There are currently two Series to choose from the Sierra and Cascade Series with additional ones in develooment This product concept provides the potential for a variety of new styles and textures Visit allanblock com for all the latest information The anchoring units are produced with local recycled materials while maintaining a beautiful and distinctive look Manufactured in universal sizes to work with any of the different facing Series this innovative new product has unlimited possibilities Facing unit available in Some of the facing units different sizes and Series are manufactured with a styles Each Series has textured side eliminating varied block faces to the need for extra blocks ensure a random look when building corners or just like you would see ending walls in nature AB Fieldstone retaining walls can help projects achieve LEED points in 14 different credits allanblock com From the Cliffs of the Grand Canyon to the Bluffs of the Black Hills the timeless look of natural stone is all around Now with the AB Fieldstone Collection you can have this look in your backyard projects or commercial applications AB Fieldstone comes as close as you can get to matching the raw beauty of natural
87. ne Step 8 Install Additional Courses Repeat steps 3 amp 4 to complete wall to height required installing geogrid where needed per the approved plans e Use 8 in 200 mm of impermeable fill on the last lift to finish off wall e See page 46 for information on capping and page 53 for information on ending walls with turn ins allanblock com 48 AB Fieldstone Construction Tips Inside and Outside Curves with AB Fieldstone Building curved and serpentine walls are simple AB s patented design allows for easy installation of both inside and outside curves For walls requiring geogrid see page 56 Inside Curves Outside Curves Try to maintain an offset of the vertical seams by at least 1 4 of the block length from the courses below for both inside and outside curves Place the facing units to form a flowing curve Set anchoring units in place with the back of anchoring units fanned out to form the curve Place the facing units to form a flowing curve Remove one or both of the wings from the anchoring units to achieve an outside curve Then set the anchoring units in place See the radius chart to determine the minimum radius for the base course of an outside curve Table 5 1 AB Radius Chart for the Remove wings EF Base Course of AB Fieldstone Fa AC SPACING A ii ws a 7 FAA Wall Height A 4 ft 6 ft 8 ft 10 ft he rity F mim ee 812 facing unit A Mn a Mw I Wi shon 12m 18m 24m 30m Outside
88. nforced retaining walls for Allan Block s AB and AB Europa Collection Gravity Wall Construction 25 Reinforced Wall Construction 26 No Fines Concrete Backfill 30 Working with Soils 32 Compaction 33 Water Management 34 allanblock com 24 Gravity Wall Construction Step 1 Site Prep and Excavation Remove surface vegetation and organic soils Per the approved plan excavate base trench a minimum of 24 in 610 mm wide and 12 in 300 mm deep e Remove unsuitable soils and replace with compactible materials e Buried block should be a minimum of 6 in 150 mm Check plans to see how much buried block is required Compact and level trench Step 2 Install Base Material Per the approved plans place a minimum of 6 in 150 mm of wall rock in the base trench and rake smooth Compact and level base material Site Soils Engineer should verify that a proper base is established Step 3 Install Base Course Begin at the lowest wall elevation Place AB units on base material check and adjust for level and alignment of each unit Drain pipe is required for walls over 4 ff 1 2 m tall or are constructed in silty or clay soils See approved plans for location and specifications Refer to page 63 for details on an alternate drain location Step 4 Install Wall Rock and Backfill Materials e Fill the hollow cores and a minimum of 12 in 300 mm behind the wall with wall rock Use approved soils to ba
89. ns document available at allanblock com a allanblock com Patterned Wall Construction Step 1 Excavate and Install Base Course Refer to page 26 for a detailed description on how to install the base course Basic steps include 1 Site prep and excavation 2 Install base material 3 Install base course 4 Install wall rock and backfill materials geogrid if necessary and 5 Compact Note Full sized blocks should always be used for the base course This will speed the leveling and installation of the first course Step 2 Install Geogrid Refer to the plans for placement of grid this example requires grid on top of the base course e Remove all excess material and slag from the top surface of the base course This prepares a smooth surface for placement of the geogrid and the next course of blocks e Cut sections of geogrid to specified lengths Check manufacturer s grid specifications for strength and roll or machine direction Refer to the approved plans for exact size and location e Install the layer of geogrid by placing the cut edge up to the back of the raised front lio and roll the layer out to the back of the excavation area to the length specified in the approved plans Step 3 Install the Multiple Course Pattern SARN ANGEN ENA C1Nd The example shown here uses a 2 course pattern Check the approved plans to determine the best pattern option for the project See page 37 for more information on pattem
90. ntent required to achieve desired compaction Site civil engineering firms utilize a thorough under standing of the site to determine where water will come from and how it will be properly managed Throughout their design process sources of water are taken into account to handle above and below grade concentrations of water Contractors must understand the intent of the ap proved site plans and what will be required to protect the area impacted by the wall construction Temporary berms may be required to direct water away from construction sites Allan Block walls may be designed with an array of details to ensure that the wall and reinforced soil structure remain free of excess moisture Basic design details mandate toe drains for all walls over 4 ft 1 2 m in height with slopes or other structures above Typical Drain the wall Once geogrid is introduced into the design heel drains are also incorporated In all cases wall rock is located within the cores of the block and a minimum of 12 in 300 mm behind the block These three details are designed to remove incidental water within their resoective locations and are not meant as primary drainage paths for above or below grade water management Refer fo your approved plans or the AB Spec Book for specific information on these items Dreu s mast be vented to daylight or connected to A storhn sewer system All drain pipes must be protected froh hargrafion of fine
91. on testing will be performed who is responsible at what intervals of locations along the wall and what coordination will be required H Determine what method will be used to verify construction materials methods and sequence of construction ie written documentation of as built full time inspector on site photographic documentation Wall contractor is responsible for quality control of wall installation per the approved plans The owner or owner s representative is responsible for engineering and quality assurance of the project Additional Notes O at U JJ O 4 3 Z U T gt ia Cp allanblock com 66 Material Estimation Worksheet Order Materials Blocks Ordering block is easy Use the following steps or visit allanblock com for helpful estimating tools Total LENGTH of wall s WIDTH of the block Blocks per course divided by ft m ft m multiply X Total HEIGHT of wall s HEIGHT of block Courses in wall divided by equals ff m ft m equals Notes Wall height needs to have the amount of buried block included Buried block should be a minimum of 6 in 150 mm or 1 in 25 mm for each 1 ft 0 3 m of wall height See the approved plans to find out what the final height including the buried block will be Extra blocks will need to be included if walls have step ups and or stairs Ordering an extra 5 is always recommended to account for any problems d
92. one facing unit Check and adjust for level and alignment of the AB Fieldstone facing units Fill the hollow cores and a minimum of 12 in 300 mm behind the wall with wall rock Install the wall rock behind the anchoring unit to be level or below the receiving notch or approximately 0 5 in 12 mm below the top of the anchoring unit e Use approved soils to backfill behind the wall rock From course 2 and above use a plate compactor to compact directly on the blocks as well as the area behind the blocks Compact in lifts of 8 in 200 mm or less Remove excess material from the top surface and repeat steps to com plete the wall to the height required See page 53 for information on ending walls with turn ins y Ron rm LM a A Sweep to remove excess materials for proper placement of next course i u Yn From the second course and above s o compact parallel mr dl to wall starting on AH blocks Compact wall rock and backfill soils starting on the blocks Finishing an AB Fieldstone Wall Filter Fabric Above Top Block Below Cap Filter fabric is used on top of the top course of blocks and below the caps to cover the back of the anchoring units This will allow plantable soil to be placed flush against the cap unit UY U gt UY TE m Y Ce O A m Install filter fabric and bau Mi Place a strip of filter fabric along the top of the anchoring units on the
93. or overall global stability outside the wall design envelope H tall by the greater of 2H or He L long C Review of above grade water management with project civil engineer e Has surface runoff been accounted for in the site design e Will this site be irrigated e f storm drains become inoperable where will the water migrate toe e During renovation of land will temporary drainage be an issue a allanblock com ab D Review of below grade water management with wall design engineer ALLAN and general contractor allanblock com e How and where will drain pipe be installed e s if possible fo vent drain pipe to daylight e Is venting to a storm drainage system an option Will outlets be located and protected from blockage or damage E Surcharges Have all surcharges been accounted fore During construction are there any temporary surcharges that should be accounted for Review Construction Details And Procedures Mark station points for top and bottom of wall elevation and change in wall direction Identify changes in grid lengths location of grids and types of grid to be used Determine and locate proper base size for each section of wall Verify that the correct type and color of block has been ordered and delivered to the Job Verify that the foundation soil and retained soil conform to design requirements Verify that infill soil meets design standards O mm 9 O FF D Verify that compacti
94. otes dHetarls ana speciticanons ps TAs dero does no accort for ta d 4 in Fet AU AE BY 0 9 na extension tf surface ts paved Typical non thapact Parkina lot redd Expansion joint requarca Canerete cuark Parchacin gwrfoce A hatnihanha Goo hana e extreme vehicle thapach X Q Parking railing adest oe ki Construction VEGA NN GGDS for every mel cage Raring MM 4 Cantack Allan Block Carporatian Acen RIG er a quattied focal engineer For x X Spaced te ASSISTANCE prevent IO napac ARS ALSO SM FLSW Colfuban tube or pre pipe AS KNPI SKIK to be mstalled during Mi gue cr eg YY Post 2 OA IES SR RRA y a wall construction after AAN v ER SIIS a ud wall construction pest AMES PDP Dr depth n WN cn gd LIS Sl A footing vill regi y SAS hand excavation as lt f AN Wy fo nat damage geogriay EL SS a Cut er dispiace geoyrid around celahan Tabe or pre pipe Alian Black an DOA XN allanblock com Concrete footing for post Y ets Xx bd Prvenwen subgrade 3 fE LOG pa extension F surface 2 pared Top geogrid lager hans be min The top Three Courses Sts fength hanst be consider the fence staiidtiteg SA NAF CR NOILONYLSNOO Construction and Inspection Checklist To ensure that the basics of the retaining wall project are covered use the following construction and inspection checklist For a thorough procedure us
95. ove 4 ft 1 2 m Table 3 1 provides general Sandy clay 26 280 100 120 Classification of soils Other soils Determined by testing Soil Selection If the on site soils are of a very low quality you should remove and replace them with better backfill material in the reinforced zone and the foundation area The cost of removal will be offset by reduced reinforcement faster compaction and better long term performance In the reinforced zone the type of soil used will determine the amount of grid reinforcement needed Heavy clays and organic soils are both unsuitable in the reinforced zone Generally any soil with a friction angle lower than 27 or a plasticity index Pl of greater than 20 should be removed and replaced Soils with friction angles between 27 and 31 will require additional care and attention to water management when placed and com pacted This will include extra inspections by an on site engineer You must use infill soils that meet or exceed those specified in the engineered specifications and drawings Have the soils tested before placing and compacting 32 allanblock com Compaction Proper placement and compaction of the infill soils are critical Com paction is offen measured as a percentage of optimum consolidation of material being utilized Foundation and infill soils require compaction to 95 of Standard Proctor or 95 of the soil s maximum density Local geotechnical and civil engineers ar
96. provement Techniques Design Guidelines for Use of Extensible Reinforcements for Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls in Permanent Applications Joint Committee of AASHTO AGC ARTBA AASHTO Washington DC 1990 Terzaghi K and Peck R B Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice John Wiley and Sons Inc New York NY 1967 GRI Standard Practice GG4 Determination of Long Term Design Strength of Geogrids Geosynthetic Research Institute Drexel University Philadelphia PA 1991 Hoe I Ling et al Large Scale Shaking Table Tests on Modular Block Reinforced Soil Retaining Walls Tsukuba Japan 2005 allanblock com ab A L AR The charts below assume for geogrid reinforced walls that the reinforcement starts on the LLAN first course of block and then every second course thereafter The charts below are for material estimates only contact your local engineer for wall design allanblock com Soil Types Coarse to Soil Types Uniform to Soil Types Sand Silt Geogrid Chart medium sands clean well graded sands Clay mix Clayey AB Stones 12 sand and gravel little silty sands p 32 sands 27 or no fines 36 Grid Grid Grid Condition Wall Height Lengths Lengths Lengths Above Wall ff m Case A Level Slope Above the Wall Case B 100 psf Surcharge 4 7 kPa Above the Wall Top grid layer must extend an extra 3 ft 0 9 m CONNA AUR WNFONNA GK WO Case C 3H 1V Slope Above the Wall o o 00 I O
97. r southern climates C Exterior dimensions shall be uniform and consistent Maximum dimensional deviations on the height of any two units shall be 0 125 in 3 mm D Wall units shall provide a minimum of 110 lbs total weight per square foot of wall face area 555 kg m Fill contained within the units may be considered 80 effective weight E Exterior face shall be textured Color as specified by owner 2 2 Wall Rock A Material must be well graded compactible aggregate 0 25 in to 1 5 in 6 mm 38 mm with no more than 10 passing the 200 sieve ASTM D422 B Material behind and within the blocks may be the same material 2 3 Infill Soil A Infill material shall be site excavated soils when approved by the on site soils engineer unless otherwise specified in the drawings Unsuitable soils for backfill heavy clays or organic soils shall not be used in the reinforced soil mass Fine grained cohesive soils b lt 31 may be used in wall construction but additional backfilling compaction and water management efforts are required Poorly graded sands expansive clays and or soils with a plasticity index Pl gt 20 or a liquid limit LL gt 40 should not be used in wall construction B The infill soil used must meet or exceed the designed friction angle and description noted on the design cross sections and must be free of debris and consist of one of the following Percent Passing inorganic USCS soil tyoes GP GW SW SP meeting the
98. ravity wall heights shown do not account for seismic loading Check with a local engineer for assistance if you are in a seismic area See reference 1 6 13 SLIDING WEDGE COMPARISON SLIDING WEDGE VERTICAL WALL BATTERED WALL 45 Y Leverage and Total Unit Mass As the setback of a gravity wall increases the leverage from course to course increases This added leverage allows you to build taller walls before reinforcement is needed With the hollow core design Allan Block comes to the job site weighing less than solid heavy block Once the cores are filled the Allan Block units develop the same unit mass as solid blocks This mass combines with the setback to determine the maximum gravity wall heights See Table 1 3 See reference Allan Block s 12 system can achieve wall heights up to 5 5 ft 1 7 m without reinforcement in good soils with a level slope above Friction 122 6 6 6 3 Condition above Soil retaining wall Type AB Fieldstone Short Anchoring Unit SAU AB Fieldstone Long Anchoring Unit LAU AB Stones only of AB Collection AB and Europa Collections AB Vertical only of AB Collection Angle Level Clay MH Sie uli AN an a 11a Gok ZO E 10m 0 84 m Tola ESA 0 8 m m an e oy a gt Silty Sand Ce AS OS TT OD 5 O Sin SO Ep 1 4m Em 1 5m 2 6 m 0 9 m E Sand Gravel Sloe S oin Aom S AS 3i oin m 7am om AM SONA 1 1m Surcharge sa zw Clay a lo TU o Ted
99. s e Stack the first course of the pattern on top of the geogrid and the base course e Check blocks for level and make adjustments as needed Pull on the back of the geogrid to remove any slack Stake geogrid in place e Install wall rock in the block cores and 12 in 300 mm behind the blocks Compact using a shovel handle inside the cores Check blocks for level See below for more information on compaction in the block cores First course the patte Stack first course of pattern and backfill wall rock in block cores Typical Reinforced Patterned Wall Compaction on Patterned Walls i Copapactton Consolidation Compaction in the block cores ELN 77 al zone needs to be done regularly when for AN NN 5 A E A G A aN working with patterned walls This GA AS YO UN can be done by using the end of a EGG I EE SUS SISSI mind mn dad AR shovel to compact the wall rock RRRA i E i i E N Wall rock j iti j PG E adding additional rock if necessary SISSON AS At each 8 in 200 mm lift compact RNA aE T AOS Geogrid a i a E ir AEN e DIOCK cores WI e ena of q Es AGAIN TIE NN RRRRRRR Si NS shovel and the area directly behind the block with a plate A NRS oT lel A AN US compactor per the procedures described in this manual eg eR a ESSE A EE NN At the conclusion of each pattern the top of the wall will be level EII ainsi E in et N Run the plate compactor over the top of the blocks to conso
100. s and keep the ge ogrid dry covered and clean e Protect the materials from damage or from coming in contact with mud wet concrete and other contaminating materials Damaged material should not be incorporated in the project allanblock com Wall Rock The proper placement of the wall rock serves several purposes Locks the block and grid together to form a Rock Lock connection Increases the overall weight of each AB Unit increasing structural stability Facilitates the compaction process in and around the blocks Prevents settlement directly behind the block which minimizes additional forces on the grid Backfill Soils e On site soils can be used for backfill around the geogrid reinforcement only if they meet or exceed the design specifications in the approved plans e Heavy expansive clays or organic soils shall not be used in the reinforced zone Where additional fill is required the contractor shall submit a sample to the wall design engineer or the on site soils engineer for compliance with the approved plans Foundation Soil Preparation Foundation soil shall be excavated as dimensioned on the plans and compacted to a minimum of 95 of Standard Proctor prior to placement of the base material e Foundation soil shall be examined by the on site soils engineer to ensure that the actual foundation soil strength meets or exceeds assumed design strength Soil not meeting the required properties sh
101. s ensuring that they are level Place the No Fines Concrete Backfill the same way as outlined in the previous step Continue these steps until the wall reaches its designed height Finishing Options e Use 8 in 200 mm of impermeable fill on the last liff to finish off wall See page 53 for information on ending and topping off the wall a allanblock com Working with Soils ab ALLAN The soils used below and behind the wall are a critical part of the total wall structure allanblock com A reinforced retaining wall is a structure containing three basic building materials the block facing the synthetic geogrid reinforcing materials and the infill materials surrounding the geogrid layers Soils Table 3 1 Typical Friction Angle and Soil Unit Weights Understanding the properties and characteristics of soils is key to building better walls Different soil types will dictate the amount Compacted to 95 Standard Proctor of time needed for compaction the amount of reinforcement Soil Friction Soil Unit required and potentially the cost of the wall sells Angle Weight pcf Check the on site soils carefully before beginning and get a Crushed stone gravel Su 110 135 written identification of the soil type A soils report from a local Clean sands 32 34 100130 engineer will be required before a design and or permit is issued Silty sands sandy silt 28 309 110 105 for most walls ab
102. same as the Wall Rock material Section 2 2 or alow permeable granular material ALLAN B Base material shall be placed as shown on the construction drawing Top of base shall be located to allow bottom wall units to be buried to proper depths as per wall heights and specifications allanblock com C Base material shall be installed on undisturbed native soils or suitable replacement fills compacted to a minimum of 95 Standard Proctor ASTM D698 D Base shall be compacted at 95 Standard Proctor ASTM D698 to provide a level hard surface on which to place the first course of blocks The base shall be constructed to ensure proper wall embedment and the final elevation shown on the plans Well graded sand can be used to smooth the top 1 2 in 13 mm on the base material E Base material shall be a 4 in 100 mm minimum depth for walls under 4 ff 1 2 m and a 6 in 150 mm minimum depth for walls over 4 ft 1 2 m 3 4 Unit Installation A The first course of wall units shall be placed on the prepared base per the manufacturers installation recommendations The units shall be checked for level and alignment as they are placed B Ensure that units are in full contact with base Proper care shall be taken to develop straight lines and smooth curves on base course as per wall layout C Fill all cores and cavities and a minimum of 12 in 300 mm behind the base course with wall rock Use infill soils behind the wall rock and ap proved soils in
103. stone The defined look of the Cascade Series resembles hand hewn limestone with its distinct edges is sure to provide timeless elegance to any surrounding The rugged appearance of the Sierra Series provides enduring sophistication with the look of chiseled sandstone To compliment the different Series looks available you have a range of colors to choose from For cool tones choose our Glacier Bay for warmer earth tones choose the Rustic Creek or for an exciting rich red tone try our Canyon Springs With the Series choices and color options this system truely has unlimited design potential The AB Fieldstone Collection has everything you need for a stylish look as well as being a recycled product Not to mention it also has many Friendly advantages The lighter weight two piece system makes it easy to handle With the ability to build taller gravity walls with the same installation practices as our AB and AB Europa Collection there is no new installation process to learn The exciting advantages of the facing unit with its built in corner and height control where every facing unit is the exact same height makes building with AB Fieldstone a hassel free experience Allan Block is continually developing new Series looks and complimenting colors so visit allanblock com for the latest information While you are there check out our easy to use estimating tools to determine all your material needs Facing Series Cascade Color Rustic Cr
104. string line to place AB Caps top course of wall Position so that the fabric starts at the back of the facing unit and goes over the anchoring unit and down along the back of the anchoring unit Cap block Be sure to leave the top surface of the facing unit exposed so that the i String cap sealant can be placed on the facing unit line Finish the wall with AB Capstones Place first capstone on the wall to in clude a 1 5 2 in 40 50 mm overhang Run a string line the length of wall to mark placement of additional capstones To get a consistent point use the 45 degree chamfers at the end of each cap as alignment points for string line Use a flexible masonry adhesive NP1 or equivalent to secure the cap stones in place Put a small bead of sealant along the sides of the caps as well Backfill behind the last course and behind the AB Capstone with imper meable fill to allow for planting up to the back of the wall Note To help hold the filter fabric in place while backfilling place a spot of sealant between the fabric and the anchoring unit allanblock com AB Fieldstone Reinforced Wall Construction See page 26 for complete details on proper steps for site prep drainage reguirements and installing the base material for a rein forced wall Projects must be built to the approved plans and spec ifications provided by a local engineer 1 Install Base Course e Begin at the lowest wall elevation b
105. te with an internal angle of friction of 36 or greater You should always consult a registered professional engineer to deter mine actual site specific requirements or to account for seismic loading See page 13 for the complete Maximum Gravity Wall Height Chart allanblock com Pes z ro P aM yr A RRE Install AB Fieldstone facing units Level and adjust Install and compact wall rock and backfill soils 812 facing units with short anchoring unit SAU 824 facing unit with short anchoring unit SAU Long anchoring unit LAU Use with 812 or 824 facing units 3 Install Additional Courses Remove all excess material from the top surface of the AB Fieldstone units This should include running a brush or broom across the receiving notch to remove any debris For faster installation and alignment of the second course install the first AB Fieldstone facing unit and AB Fieldstone anchoring unit at the same time Make adjustments so that the vertical seams are offset from the blocks below by at least 3 in 75 mm or 4 the length of block Install the rest of the AB Fieldstone facing units using the first block as a placement guide Place AB Fieldstone anchoring units into the receiving slots of facing units Slide the two piece assembly so that the lip of the anchoring Unit is placed into the receiving notch of the block on the course below Each anchoring unit should match up with
106. ted m Allan Block te ellon for GIN PIPE Filter fabric fo be placed betwece top gen eine wall rock 7 A FT pacts S N N NNA ri rad dina te N ae condor d Geogrid fangth gree ae Ac at blah Water y 4 IX Z Efevation YQ th MOD nana drain wipe placed along the back af the block and vented through the face of fhe wall atthe k elevaron Outfats en 30 ff 3 4 Ze za a am fastall erabankinnent protection fabric to o incas OF I A 30D haha ahere high water ine Well graded f tm 2 ih 25 ham SO haba A mara a ORAT screen OS Peg teni Vatar Etaratior sone 3 aggregate with no fines IR EG Jastall gacpnid foyers por Aes rogu repa cinto Egan Ya Praveen erosio fas required Chimney Drain and Refer fo design defans Section f Allan Flock Tapteal Section for all other notes details and Eubankinen protection fabrie fervetes ep or egiaiitetisn an BIKER o a E i 4 in 100 haha drain pipe verted to daglight Z i 100 nina Refer to design detads Section Allan Block Typical Section for all ether notes detas B09 na Inxpermeoble concrefe er asphalt fining and specifications bm 100 haha Pick tr 200 hain ei eii Alan Block eer Concrete bined Swale 3 KRA Aa 2 ii 100 haha vegeatotioin for erosioin 8 i 200 haha
107. tep 2 Install Base Material The base material can be any compactible granular material Allan Block recommends a well graded aggregate with a balanced mix of grain sizes ranging from 0 25 in to 1 5 in 6 mm to 38 mm diameter e Per the approved plans place drain pipe at the back of the trench the length of the wall The drain pipe will need to be vented to daylight or to a storm sewer system See approved plans for location and specifications Per the approved plan place a minimum of 6 in 150 mm of base material in the base trench and rake smooth Compact with a mechanical plate compactor Install and compact base material Check the entire length for level and adjust as needed Typical Reinforced Wall Cross Section Reinforced Wall Structure Compaction Consolidation come one oo erhreable Reinforced Zone AA AN a fil l l l l ANY IAN The reinforced Zone is located directly behind the block in two A So ARIES N sections the consolidation and the compaction zone Both zones A TTT I ninii YN require compacting in maximum lifts of 8 in 200 mm to 95 Mi ri Ti qual Ed II N N Standard Proctor Refer to the specifications in the approved plan HD Un ae A min N N for compaction requirements in these zones for each project wR YY T N N SN tid Il Lu Teil Hi oy ble SN Wal rock NNT i Re ZG Tn i r Consolidation Zone KKK 7 NEN NS l n e l NaN SS ll et Te NN The consolidation zone runs from the back of the b
108. the back of the grid to remove any slack Stake in place before installing wall rock and approved infill soils Working With Geogrid Geogrid typically comes in large rolls up to 13 ft 4 m wide and 250 ft 76 m in length These grids also come in a vari ety of weights and strengths Taller walls often require heavier strength grids especially in the bottom portions of the wall It is critical that the correct grid is installed in the wall Check the engineered plans and specifications Most grids are strongest along the roll or machine direction Reinforced grid designs require that all grids are placed with the machine direction running from the face of the wall towards the back of the excavation area See page 56 58 for information on using grid with corners and curves Machine or roll direction ak MH Fry mdd Firg Wms E ena AER A a Install geogrid with Front of wall AN ee y tr Mi the machine or roll j Nu direction running trom the block back into the reinforced Zone grid stands fo help measure and cut geogrid fo required lengths Machine or roll direction allanblock com 28 Reinforced Wall Construction Step 7 Backfill and Compact e Install wall rock in block cores and 12 in 300 mm behind wall Use approved infill soils to backfill behind the wall rock in the reinforced zone All wall rock and infill soils within 3 ft 0 9 m of the wall must be properly compacted using a mech
109. tion KZZ ES RIA PAN L KKN Ree KKJ WY XE KIKIT OPIN SKIS REM SSSA LARK a V S NY VA V N BE N SA SE X X SS N 5 A uf K X 7 Ue IBS D Ny SS KS KX Z Il F Il X XA Y X gt l mS ll N R NN ZO dn ll X 5 yy Z S y X y XY 7 y N yy KK Z S y SS x N X gt Fences Guide Rails There are several options for installing fences and guide rails on top of an Allan Block wall The structure and wind loads of the materials used will determine the placement of the fence relative to the AB wall and if additional reinforcement is required Refer to the approved plans for construction details Lighting Allan Block s hollow core design makes it easy to install lighting Cut a hole in the location where the light will be to accommo date the wiring and attachment of the light to wall face Carefully follow the manufacturer s instructions for lighting and electrical installation as various fixtures may be assembled differently Always check local building codes for electrical installation requirements allanblock com SAN AE CH NOILONYLSNOO Design Details All drawings are for information only and not for construction See the approved plans for exact details or contact the local engineer of record for written guidance See allanblock com for
110. to a minimum to prevent tracks from displacing the fill and damaging the geogrid F Rubber tired equipment may pass over the geogrid reinforcement at slow speeds less than 10 mph 16 Km h Sudden braking and sharp turning shall be avoided G The infill soil shall be compacted to achieve 95 Standard Proctor ASTM D698 Compaction tests shall be taken at 3 ft 0 9 m behind the block and at the back of the reinforced zone The frequency shall be as determined by the on site soils engineer or as specified on the plan Soil tests of the infill soil shall be submitted to the on site soils engineer for review and approval prior to the placement of any material The contractor is responsible for achieving the specified compaction requirements The on site soils engineer may direct the contractor to re move correct or amend any soil found not in compliance with these written specifications SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS A Geogrid can be interrupted by periodic penetration of a column pier or footing structure B Allan Block walls will accept vertical and horizontal reinforcing with rebar and grout C If site conditions will not allow geogrid embedment length consider the following alternatives Masonry Reinforced Walls Double Allan Block Wall Earth Anchors Rock Bolts No Fines Concrete e Soil Nailing Increased Wall Batter See the AB Spec Book Design Details pages 17 and 18 D Allan Block can be used in a wide variety of water applications
111. to excavation Contractor shall ensure all surrounding structures are protected from the effects of wall excavation 3 2 Wall Construction Wall construction shall be as specified under Section 1 Part 3 Wall Construction 3 3 Geogrid Installation A Install Allan Block wall to designated height of first geogrid layer Backfill and compact the wall rock and infill soil in layers not to exceed 8 in 200 mm lifts behind wall to depth equal to designed grid length before grid is installed B Cut geogrid to designed embedment length and place on top of Allan Block to back edge of lip for AB and AB Europa Collections or the middle of the facing unit for the AB Fieldstone Collection Extend away from wall approximately 3 above horizontal on compacted backiill C Lay geogrid at the proper elevation and orientations shown on the construction drawings or as directed by the wall design engineer D Correct orientation of the geogrid shall be verified by the contractor and on site soils engineer Strength direction is typically perpendicular mmgow Moo to wall face E Follow manufacturers guidelines for overlap requirements In curves and corners layout shall be as specified in Design Details 9 12 see page 15 of the AB Spec Book F Place next course of Allan Block on top of grid and fill block cores with wall rock to lock in place Remove slack and folds in grid and stake to hold in place G Adjacent sheets of geogrid shall be butted against
112. ture to overcome the horizontal force applied to the wall bearing Capacity Ability of the underlying soil fo support the weight of the structure Factor of safety 2 0 Y Ny Sd a Factor of safety 1 5 SS avn Sy ice Ee Overturning Global Stability Ability of the internal strength of the soil to support the complete soil mass Contact local design specialist for help in evaluating your site Ability of the structure to overcome the overturning moment created by the rotational forces applied to the wall Factor of safety 1 5 See reference OTHER CONSIDERATIONS Slopes Surcharges Terraces allanblock com 14 Reinforced Soil Walls Concept When wall heights exceed those listed in the gravity wall chart on page 13 geogrid can be added to provide a stable wall condition Layers of geogrid inserted between the blocks and extending behind the wall interlock with the surrounding soil to creafe a cohesive soil mass This mass uses its own weight and internal shear strength to resist both the sliding and the overturning pressures from the soil being retained The wall rock in the Allan Block cores provide a positive connection between the layers of geogrid and the Allan Block wall locking the two systems together The reinforced soil mass becomes the structure and the Allan Block wall becomes the facing The specific location and embedment length of the grid layers the
113. uction details Step Ups When building a wall always start the base course at the lowest elevation See page 27 for more information on construction Additional Construction Tips If an AB Junior Lite is needed and not available an AB Lite Stones will need to be cut to produce 2 half lite blocks Pre cut the desired number of blocks to speed installation SAUL er i Offset each new pattern from the pattern below to maintain the YN random appearance With walls that have numerous inside and outside curves use a 2 course pattern to ease the installation process 41 allanblock com BUILD AB FIELDSTONE ah ALLAN allanblock com Installation details for building with the AB Fieldstone retaining wall system CU G _ O gt Gravity Wall Construction 45 Reinforced Wall Construction 47 m AB Fieldstone Construction Tips 49 2 o Z MTI Made with Recycled Motenals allanblock com 42 Yr s gi br dl mi AF A A dl AN AB Fieldstone yR wane oF ms a cri lau ra ir dd E N rm rr Md nm allanblock com Facing Series Sierra Color Rustic Creek AB Fieldstone Clec an The First Eco Friendly Concrete srcrosing unt avaiabi in two universal sizes and Retaining Wall System cycle nate a _ ete AB Fieldstone Is an innovative new concept in the manufacture and use of segmental retaining wall SRW systems By manufacturing this system in 2 pieces the facing unit and the a
114. uring construction See your local Allan Block dealer for exact block dimensions which need to be used when estimating blocks Blocks needed Base and Consolidation Zone Allan Block recommends using the same material for the base within the block cores and behind the blocks A well graded balanced mix of grain sizes compactible aggregate 0 25 in to 1 5 in 6 mm to 38 mm diameter with less than 10 fines is needed Check your local aggregate sources for availability These estimates use the minimum amount of material required to build a wall See the approved plans for exact amounts A Base The minimum base for a geogrid reinforced retaining wall is 2 ft 0 6 m wide x 0 5 ft 0 15 m high Calculate 2ft 0 6m x O 5ft 015m x ft m ft m Width of base Height of base Length of wall Wall Rock Convert cubic feet cubic meters to tons by fte m x 120 Ibs ft 1 923 kg m 2000 lbs ton 1000 kg ton Wall Rock Unit weight of rock WALL ROCK IN TONS B Block Cores and Consolidation Zone This includes the material in the block cores plus a 12 in 300 mm layer behind the blocks Calculate ft m x ft m x 14ft 043m ft ms Wall height Wall length Wall Rock Convert cubic feet cubic meters to tons by ft ms x 120 Ibs ft 1 923 kg m 2000 lbs ton 1000 kg ton Wall Rock Unit weight of rock WALL ROCK IN TONS C Add the totals from A amp B together Total WALL ROCK a allanbloc
115. ved plans for exact size and location ym sr dd After the base course of blocks has been installed roll out the geogrid reinforcement starting in the middle of the AB Fieldstone facing unit and extending back to the excavated area The excavated area must be fully compacted and level Stack the next course of block facing and anchoring units on top of the geogrid so the blocks are offset from the blocks below Each new i course should be positioned so the vertical seams are offset by atleast Install geogrid Start in the middle of 3 in 75 mm or 1 4 the length of the block Perfect running bond is the facing unit and extend behind wall not required The facing units can be randomly flipped upside down to a give different facing appearances Sight down the wall line to check for a straight wall Blocks may be adjusted slightly to form straight lines or smooth flowing curves Pull on the back of the geogrid to remove any slack Stake in place before installing wall rock and approved infill soils Step 4 Backfill and Compact e Install wall rock in block cores and 12 in 300 mm behind wall Use approved infill soils to backfill behind the wall rock in the reinforced zone All wall rock and infill soils within 3 ft 0 9 m of the wall must be properly compacted using a mechanical plate compactor Compact in maximum 8 inch lifts 200 mm this time starting on the block and working in a path that runs parallel to the block towards the b
116. ver rigid construction techniques Add the benefits inherent in a mortarless system site adaptability installation by general laborers lower cost and you have what we call the Allan Block Advantage Bade in Engineering Mortarless construction has been used for centuries Built In Interlock Every Allan Block is firmly locked in place by the patented lip and notch configuration No pins no mortar no fancy connectors Built In Setback The raised lio automatically establishes the proper setback Choose from 12 6 or 3 systems Built In Interlock Built In Drainage The hollow core design combines with mortarless construction to allow water to drain freely from behind the wall Incidental water moves easily through a vertical drain that is formed by the layer of wall rock placed behind the block and in the block cores The Built In Setback dry stack construction technique allows the incidental water to escape by flowing around the blocks and out the wall face This built in drainage helps to eliminate water pressure Please note that this area is not to be used as a primary water management element NN N N NY S SS pa fe Ds NTS pepe Ny LM IN ANTS a SS N ASY LA SI Built In Drainage oe oe approximate setbacks allanblock com Hollow Core System Allan Block s exclusive hollow core product design provides many benefits over sol
117. y placing the AB Fieldstone facing units on the base material towards the front of the trench leaving room for the AB Fieldstone anchoring unit Install a string line at the back of the facing Unit fo ensure the proper positioning of all facing units Adjust for level and alignment as each facing unit is installed For proper placement of the AB Fieldstone anchoring units use a brick hammer to create a small trench to allow for the lip Install the AB Fieldstone anchoring units into the receiving slots of the facing units with the lip facing down in the trench just created Make adjustments to ensure anchoring units are installed reasonably level with the facing unit The anchoring units should never be installed higher than the facing unit Except for soecial applications like corners each anchoring unit should match up with one facing unit e Drain pipe is required for walls over 4 ff 1 2 m tall or are constructed in silty or clay soils See approved plans for location and specifications Refer to page 63 for details on an alternate drain location 2 Install Wall Rock and Backfill Materials e Fill the hollow cores of the base course and a minimum of 12 in 300 mm behind the wall with wall rock Install the wall rock to be level or below the receiving notch of the anchoring unit see page 45 A compactible aggregate ranging in size from 0 25 in to 1 5 in 6 mm to 38 mm in diameter and containing less than 10 fines is recommende
118. y pleasing walls See page 55 for the radius chart o e Use blocks with lower setbacks or half width blocks on curves curves To build a flowing inside curve butt the block end to end to match the smooth curve required on the project Try to keep spacing consistent between the backs of the blocks for smoother transitions Consistent Inside Curves O R Outside Keep the Outside Curves Curve front of the block tight e To build smooth outside curves remove one or both of the together wings from the back of the blocks and tighten the radius of the curve Break wings off by tapping on the back of the wing to obtain a clean break Cutting The Bottom Notch For Tighter Inside Curves Area of notch to remore on bottom of block Tighter Curves e Using full size blocks in tight curves will create a gap between the courses For cleaner lines it may be necessary to remove parts of the bottom notch to fit the blocks closer together Cutting The Bottom Notch For Tighter Outside Curves O ra Y BU O O A w T gt im 09 Area of notch fo remore on botoh of block allanblock com o4 a Base Course Radius for an outside Working with Radii curve on a 4 ft tall 6 wall e Refer to Table 5 1 to confirm that the AB product you are using A uc will accommodate the desired wall radius i pm e The tightest or smallest radius at the top of any AB wall using full size block is 4 ff

Retaining Wall Installation Manual for Commercial Jobs using Allan

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