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User Guide - Heraco AB

1. Click in the box alongside Level delete the 0 and type in 30 EDU LAB LTD 111 Check that the box alongside Mode indicates Rise Use the down arrow bd to change this if necessary The Temperature 1 Trigger tab window should now appear as shown below Temperature 1 Trigger Options Graph_ Trigger iv Now close the Temperature 1 Trigger tab window by clicking on the Close button in its top right hand corner Now click on the Light sensor s Module Setup button Ce to display the Light 1 Options tab window shown below g Light 1 Options f 10 seconds X f 10 per second x Check that the radio button is set to 1000 Ix Use the down arrow alongside Experiment duration to set it to 1 second Use the down arrow alongside Sampling rate to set it to 100 per second Ignore the Graph tab as its settings are not stored in the sensor s memory EDU LAB LTD 112 Click on the Trigger tab to display the Light 1 Trigger tab window shown below Light 1 Trigger Click in the box alongside Trigger to put a tick into it Click in the box alongside Level delete the 0 and type in 5 Check that the box alongside Mode indicates Rise Use the down arrow x to change this if necessary The Light 1 Trigger tab window should now appear as shown below Light 1 Trigger Now close the Light 1 Trigger tab window by clicking on the Close button amp
2. All last experiments Temperature 1 Light 1 Experiments EDU LAB LTD 128 Arrange the Light sensor g so that the value displayed in the Temperature Sensor Module box is lower than 20 Ix Click on Light 1 wait for a couple of seconds and then move the Light sensor e into much brighter light When the Light sensor s LED has gone out again click the Run sensors icon amp in the Sub icon bar and in response click on Temperature 1 After about 10 seconds move the Temperature sensor s rod into the hot water to start its data logging NOTE The sensors data logging could also have been started by pressing their Start Stop buttons When the LED on the Temperature sensor has stopped flashing click on the Load data kai l l from sensors icon 4J in the Sub icon bar and note the following message All last experiments Temperature 1 Light 1 Experiments Click on All to display graphs similar to those shown below Neul mg Pa et Fel ky 1 000 J5 op 5 a0 75 T 6 0 55 o H 4 E y E J 25 20 15 40 5 4 A 15 A 15 Time 2 Click on the Pre trigger button amp near the bottom left hand corner of the graph to show what the temperature sensor was recording just before and at the time data logging was triggered to start The Graph window should look similar to that displayed on the following page EDU LAB LTD 129 Neulmg rA ETEN ui b 1 35
3. Click again on the Show functions icon G3 to display the Functions Math tab window Click on the Erase icon to erase the newly calculated graph NOTE Be careful to not confuse it with the near identical Clear experiment results icon a in the Sub icon bar Now click on the Close buttons l in the top right hand corners of the Functions Math tab and Graph windows to close them Click on the Close buttons x in the top right hand corner of the Sub icon and Main icon bars to close them Unplug the Voltage and Current sensors from both the Light bulb circuit and from the USB Bridge module E but leave the USB Bridge module connected to the PC EDU LAB LTD 50 3 5 Single step mode An experiment can be run taking and recording measurements only when you wish to do so This is known as Single Step mode and is accessed from the Single step icon F4 on the Sub icon bar In this mode data will only be collected from the sensor s on each click of the Single step icon fF 3 5 1 Introduction This mode will be used when what is or are being measured are discontinuous or do not change as a function of Time It may be that you wish to record the temperatures of a range of different soil or sand samples that have been exposed to the Sun for an hour You would simply insert a Temperature sensor into each sample in turn and record their temperatures into a table by repeatedly clicking on the Single step icon F A graph
4. Time and Velocity mode Setup with a single flag timing card and one photogate to measure either Time or Velocity Acceleration mode 1 Setup with a double flag timing card and one photogate to measure Acceleration Acceleration mode 2 Setup with a single flag timing card and two photogates to measure Acceleration Status graph mode Setup with single double triple flags or more on timing card and one photogate to display graphically the digital status 1 or 0 of the photogate s output as the flags passed through it Click in the box alongside Digital to place a tick in it to open the Digital meter window Click on and drag the Table Digital meter and the Photogate Time and Velocity mode window to arrange as shown below It may be helpful to resize some of these windows too Module window Neu Log s Neuron Sensors Network Technology Si To ua anansSsauoy ano Photogate 1 Photogate uz v 7 EDU LAB LTD 79 Use the down arrow _ just above the image of the Timing card to change the value to 50 as 50mm 5cm is the width of its flag Leave the other setting on Time Click on the Run experiment icon in the Sub icon bar Mark the release position let the model car run through the photogate to display the first measurement in the Table and a Digital meter display of how long the Timing card took to pass through it Resize the Digital meter window as re
5. EDU LAB LTD 183 UVA 8 35 UVA logger sensor A NUL 132 There are different wave lengths of ultra violet light The UVA wave length range is 320 370 nm which is 98 of the total UV radiation The UVA radiation affects the photo aging and photo chemical smog The intensity of this light is measured in mW m milli Watt per square meter U A 1 Options E UYA 1 Graph Experiment Duration 1 second to 31 days Specifications ro 50 000 MWM 74 MWM OO EDU LAB LTD 184 8 36 Surface temperature logger sensor BENUL 33 This logger sensor is very similar to the temperature sensor NUL 103 without the stainless steel tube The sensor can be put on any surface and even in water This sensor has two modes of operation Temperature 1 f Temperature 1 Graph Temperature 1 Experiment Duration 1 second to 31 days Specifications p Resolution M 35 C a 150 C it oC 7 400 31 F a 238 F pet 0 1 F C EDU LAB LTD 185 8 37 High temperature logger sensor NUL 134 This sensor is based on a thermocouple sensor that enables measuring very high level and even flame temperature This sensor has two modes of operation i W R T 1 Graph Experiment Duration 1 second to 31 days Specifications OC DOO doot oret 5280F 4 2200F 01 F EDU LAB LTD 186 Appendix A Edu Logger Modules A 1 Accessory modules Catalog Module Photographic No Symbol
6. Neuron Sensors Network Technology User Guide 4 10 CAB revision All rights reserved to EDU LAB LTD The material in this book may not be copied duplicated printed translated re edited or broadcast without prior agreement in writing from EDU LAB LTD Edu Lab Ltd Karoo Close Bexwell Business Park Bexwell Norfolk PE38 9GA UK Tel 44 0 1366 385 777 Fax 44 0 1366 386 535 Email sales edulab co uk Web www edulab co uk EDU LAB LTD Contents Chapter T INO GUGION riia 1 1 1 ADourdatalogders and Senso vest eater ct te ater chet ee te lot ed teint des 1 1 2 ADOULIOOGEF SCMSON S vixss Sac irss ait ars earns aacaessaaene aces naan ae saan 2 1 3 PING ran DIAY System era datenateendeete a a a 2 1 4 Mod s OropPeralO N esiseina erha a e a e a a ea a teens 3 1 5 Data CISDIAY and analysis sessirnar ean AEA IS ARE ADESEA 4 1 6 AbDoUkNPIS USER GUIE re A O OA 5 1 7 Computer FEGUIFEMONIS cariera int cies attaet oiiiend ataetletiiandetial 5 1 8 SASL INSTRUCTIONS aesir aa a EEE E EE E E E 6 1 9 Environmental conditions cccceecceeeceeeceeeeeeeseeeseeeeeeeteeeseeeseeeseeeseeeteeeseeeseeesenees 6 Chapter 2 Basie SQUu py arcani A 7 2 1 HVS Pel THO a ALEE ETA AEA ET EA T AEA SOI EA N E 7 2 2 Logger sensors main screen isis cerwssrdeenavolagenmnsidveniolagenmasiddenaiebacetens igen iianenbeldades 7 2 3 Connecting a SENSOP ziydan Ea E E E aoe 8 2 4 Sensor Mod le DOK acenion aie te es deer ter ee nara ee en acai 9 2 5 SOM O
7. Trigger Options Graph Trigger iv Now close the Light 1 Trigger tab window by clicking on the Close button amp 3 in its top right hand corner Disconnect the Edu Logger short cable with the Light sensor attached from the USB Bridge module and then reconnect to the Battery module EDU LAB LTD 108 4 2 6 Running a single sensor with a trigger Place a finger over the hole on the side of the Light sensor to stop any light from getting in Push the Start stop button on the Light sensor Point the sensor s access hole towards the light and then remove your finger from the hole Disconnect the short cable with the Light sensor from the Battery module uw and reconnect it to the USB Bridge module t Check that the PC is still in Off line Experiment mode and then click on the Load data from sensors icon 4J in the Sub icon bar to obtain a graph similar to that shown below Click on the Zoom fit icon Ea to expand the graph in the Y axis direction and obtain a graph like the one below haai EDU LAB LTD 109 Click on the Pre trigger button amp in the bottom left hand corner of the graph to see how quickly the sensor responded after being triggered A second click on the Pre trigger button will slightly extend the time Click on the Clear experiment results icon EJ in the Sub icon bar Leave the Light sensor e and USB Bridge module t connected to the PC 4 2 7 Setting u
8. time velocity or acceleration can be measured with one or two photo gates and associated timing cards as well as showing pictorially the status digital 1 or 0 of the voltage output of the photo gate as timing cards pass through it Photo Gate 1 The modes of operation are selected by clicking on the relevant picture 8 15 1 Digital meter mode As well as recording Time Velocity and Acceleration in tables this mode allows individual measurements to be displayed together with their units and average values 8 15 2 Time and Velocity mode Photogate The displayed value can be either the Time it takes for the timing card to pass through the photo gate or its Velocity The timing card s flag length must be entered in the box above its image Repeated passes can be made and their values recorded together with an average value EDU LAB LTD 161 8 15 3 Acceleration mode 1 vi vj Acceleration The displayed result will be the acceleration of the double timing card passing through the photo gate The timing cards flag lengths must be entered in the box above their images Repeated passes can be made and values recorded together with an average value 8 15 4 Acceleration mode 2 Photogate Acceleration The displayed result is the acceleration of the timing card passing through the two photo gates The timing card s flag length must be entered in the box above its image The ID numbers of the
9. 30 seconds 1 minute I 2 minutes 3 minutes 4 minutes 5 minutes 6 minutes The Sampling rate defines how many measurements per second per minute or per hour are taken The program may select a sampling rate automatically according to the experiment duration Like the Experiment duration the Sampling rate can only be chosen from a pre selected list Indeed some of the sampling rates are blocked they being dependent on the Experiment duration or the sensor in use For example the Temperature sensor cannot sample at a faster rate than 100 samples per second there is no reason to go higher so the higher rates are blocked even if another sensor is connected which can sample more quickly Click on the down arrow _ alongside Sampling rate to display the available rates and select if not already the case 10 per second by clicking on it Some of the higher sampling rates may be blocked when experiment durations are long This is because the maximum number of samples that can be taken and stored per module is 64 000 samples High rates and long durations would obviously require high numbers of samples EDU LAB LTD 18 3 1 2 Graph setup for on line experiment Click on the Graph tab in the Experiment setup window The following window appears Experiment setup Graph The Participating sensor s box displays a list of the sensors connected to the PC in this case just one If the data from a s
10. 8 17 Force logger sensor INU Er Til susscossnesagee santa denctamegasennssdunatebaoeeanebadansteseesstnpuadenane 165 8 18 Sound logger Sensor NULI 2 essnee n a a 166 8 19 WVIOTION logger sensor NUL TI3ronariia a adsense 167 8 20 Magnetic logger sensor NUL 114 oc eecccseeseeseeseeeeseeseesenseeseeeseetenseeseneens 168 8 21 Conductivity logger sensor NUL 115 cc ccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseaeeesaeeeeesaaees 169 8 22 Spirometer logger sensor NUL 116 cccccccsseeceeeceeeceeeeceeeeseeseeeeseueesseesaes 170 8 23 GSRACGGESrSENSOR NULTI ceran EE E 171 8 24 Colorimeter logger sensor NULTI Ornecie a 172 8 25 cORIogder Sensor NULI 20ra usr a 173 8 26 Barometer logger sensor NUL 121 cccccccececeeeceeeseeeseeeseeeseeeseeeseeeseeeneeenes 174 8 27 Blood pressure logger Sensor NUL 122 00 0 0 eccecccceeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeseeeeaeeesaeeens 175 8 28 Flow logger Sensor NUL 124 cccccccccceeeceeeseeeseeeseeeseeeseeeseeeseeseeeseesseeeseeees 176 8 29 Force plate logger sensor NUL 125 ccccccceecceeeseeeseeseeeseeseeeseessaeeseeesaeees 177 8 30 Rotary motion logger sensor NUL 126 cccceccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeseeeseeeseeees 178 8 31 Acceleration logger sensor NUL 127 ccccccecceeeceeeceeeceeeceeeseeeseeeseeeseeeseeees 179 8 32 Soil moisture logger sensor NUL T29 erie 180 8 33 UVB logger sensor NULA1 30 osessscrsnctstacdeitonssttetenecahilexcetea Sanat ea a 181 8 34 Turb
11. Then Paste into a graphics package such as Microsoft Windows Paint OpenOffice Draw Adobe Photoshop Corel Paint Shop Pro GNU Image Manipulator Program GIMP or Serif PhotoPlus cut out whatever you wish e g Table of data save and then open in for example Microsoft WordPad Microsoft Word Lotus WordPro OpenOffice Writer or Softmaker TextMaker If it is a large Table of data that requires printing then it is best to Export See Section 7 4 below on Exporting to a spreadsheet the data into a spreadsheet such as Microsoft Excel Lotus 123 Softmaker PlanMaker or OpenOffice Calc and print it directly from it 6 4 Exporting to a spreadsheet Edu Logger s Functions Math tab enables the processing of data in many ways e g multiplying Voltage by Current A B to give Power dividing Voltage by Current A B to give Resistance calculating the reciprocal of Volume 1 A or 1 Distance 1 A However there are occasions when other mathematical functions are required that have not been incorporated into Edu Logger e g sin A cos A tan A sin A cos A An example of this would be with an investigation of Malus Law in which the Intensity of polarised light passing through two polarisers is proportional to cos O where is the Angle between the polarisers So in this circumstance it is useful to be able to export data to a spreadsheet and do further processing there Although the icon in t
12. 2 image of a Single timing card with two photogates to display the following Photogate Acceleration ka NOTE When using two identical sensors such as here with two photogates it is essential that they have differing Sensor IDs above they are 1 and 2 If you find that they have the same ID Number you will need to change one of them as shown in Chapter 8 Section 8 1 Note also that you do need to identify and select in Choose photogates sequence which photogate is passed through first and which second This is most easily done by noting the result of an obvious acceleration which should have a positive value swop in Sensor IDs if it comes up negative Click in the box alongside Digital to place a tick in it to open the Digital meter window Click on and drag the Table Digital meter and the Photogate Acceleration mode 2 window so that all are viewable lf necessary use the up arrow al just above the image of the Single timing card to change the value to 50 as 50mm 5cm is the width of the flag Click on the Run experiment icon g in the Sub icon bar Let the model car run through the photogates to display the first measurement in the Table and on the Digital meter of how great its acceleration was Widen the Digital meter window as required to accommodate the value EDU LAB LTD 84 Repeat twice more releasing the model car from the same position to obtain a set of measurements similar to those s
13. 3 in its top right hand corner Disconnect the short cable with the Temperature sensor and Light sensor attached from the USB Bridge module e and connect it to a Battery module uw EDU LAB LTD 113 4 2 8 Running two sensors with triggers NOTE Take care In this experiment you will be using hot water If not already available pour about 200ml of hot water at about 60 C into a 250ml beaker Also pour about 200ml of cold water into another 250ml beaker First place the Temperature sensor s rod into the cold water and press the Start stop button on the Temperature sensor After about 1 minute press the Start stop button on the Light sensor hd and move it so that different levels of Illumination are sensed When the LED on the Light sensor has gone out move the Temperature sensor s rod into the hot water When both LEDs have gone out disconnect the Edu Logger short cable with the sensors attached from the Battery module uw and reconnect it to the USB Bridge module fil Check that the PC is still in Off line Experiment mode and then click on the Load data Be from sensors icon aJ in the Sub icon bar Note the following message All last experiments Temperature 1 Light 1 Experiments Click on All to display graphs similar to those shown below Clicking instead on Temperature 1 or Light 1 would have resulted in just their graph being displayed J 1 00 Time Minutes EDU LAB LTD 114 Click on th
14. Image Powers logger sensors Battery Module when not connected to PC or Monitor Display 3 Unit BF I Enables wireless 900 116 aai connection of logger Communication sensors to PC and Module aw Monitor Display Unit Enables programming of logger sensors without Monitor Display A the use of a PC together 900 114 Unit with digital display of sensors data a Graphic Display Allows Visual i experiments USB Bridge A Connects logger sensors Module to PC EDU LAB LTD 187 A 2 Logger sensors modules No Symbol Image 900 101 Voltage logger 20 Measures voltage in sensor DC and AC circuits 900 102 Current logger GHz Measures current in sensor DC and AC circuits 900 103 Temperature logger Measures SENSO temperature 900 104 Light logger sensor Measures level of Illumination Measures oxygen 900 105 Oxygen logger g in air and dissolved in sensor water 900 106 pH logger sensor 7 Measures relative pH 900 107 Relative Humidity Measures humidity logger sensor 900 108 a dee be i Measures pulse rate ag and blood flow Measures time and 900 109 Photo Lightgate l indirectly logger sensor z speed velocity acceleration and momentum EDU LAB LTD 188 Catalog Module Photographic Image Purpose No Symbol 900 110 Pressure logger Measures gas or air sensor pressure Force logger nee Measures forces both sensor j oe i 7 push and pull M r nd level Sound logger j oF nee o eve sensor pia
15. Setwork Technology z Temperature 1 1A casas Light Per 4 Ua eae Bae feast ssp esse FSFSP SELES Click on the Temperature sensor s Module setup button Cs to display the Temperature 1 Options window below Temperature 1 Options f 10 per second Check that the radio button alongside Celsius is checked Use the down arrow FB alongside Experiment duration and set this at 2 minutes Use the down arrow alongside sampling rate and set this at 5 per second Again ignore the Graph tab as in this mode the sensor does not store such a setting in its memory No new setting is needed for the Trigger tab so close the Temperature 1 Options tab window by clicking on the Close button amp 9 in its top right hand corner EDU LAB LTD 103 Click on the Light sensor s Module Setup button Ce to display the Light 1 Options tab window shown on the following page Light 1 Options f 10 seconds v af 10 per second v Check that the radio button is set to 1000 Ix Use the down arrow alongside Experiment duration to set it to 1 minute Use the down arrow alongside Sampling rate to set it to 50 per second Ignore the Graph tab as the sensor does not store this setting in its memory Click on the Trigger tab to display the Light 1 Trigger tab window displayed below Light 1 Trigger Options Graph Trigger The Trigger is not being used here so
16. Yor click and drag the Movable scroll button of the Scroll bar upwards or downwards Click on the Close button l in the top right hand corners of both the Table window and the Experiment setup Options tab window to close them You will have noticed in Chapter 2 that the Graph window has a number of icons pictured and labelled below just above the graph You will now explore their use Their purpose can also be seen by passing the cursor over each icon on the screen Zoom window Change to point or line graph Zoom window Enables one to zoom part of the graph The zoom functions change the Y maximum and the Y minimum of the displayed graph s together with the X axis Unzoom all Returns the graphs to maximum zoom out the original view Zoom fit Adapts the Y maximum and Y minimum of the Y axes only to just above and below the displayed graph s maximum and minimum values respectively It has no effect on the X axis Show cursors Displays two cursors that enable analysis of the graph at certain points or ina range Show functions Enables one to view and operate several functions on a graph Change to point Toggles between a points plot and a line graph or line graph The following steps will show you what these icons allow you to do EDU LAB LTD 24 3 2 1 Zoom functions Click on the Zoom window icon Ed Locate the mouse cursor at a point above the graph press the left mouse button and
17. alongside Sampling rate to set it to 60 per minute Ignore the Graph tab as its settings are not stored in the sensor s memory Now click on the Trigger tab to open the Temperature 1 Trigger tab window shown below Temperature 1 Trigger Click in the box alongside Trigger to put a tick in it Now click in the box alongside Level delete 0 and replace it by 30 Leave the Mode as Rise This will have set up the system so that the Temperature will start to be logged once it has risen past 30 C and will be logged every second for one minute Close the Temperature 1 Trigger tab window by clicking on the Close button amp 3 in its top right hand corner NOTE Leave the sensor connected to the PC via the USB Bridge A EDU LAB LTD 123 4 3 6 Running a single sensor with a trigger NOTE Take care In this experiment you will be using hot water If not already available pour about 200ml of hot water at about 60 C into a 250ml beaker Similarly if not already available pour about 200ml of cold water at a temperature below that of the laboratory room into another 250ml beaker Place the Temperature sensor s rod into the cold water Click the Run sensors icon amp in the Sub icon bar or press the Start Stop button on the Temperature sensor l Note that you have two ways of starting the data logging in this mode After about 10 seconds move the Temperature sensor s rod into the hot water Whe
18. arrow alongside Sampling rate to set it to 20 per second Ignore the Graph tab as its settings are not stored in the sensor s memory EDU LAB LTD 127 Click on the Trigger tab to display the Light 1 Trigger tab window shown on the following page Light 1 Trigger Options Graph Trigger Click in the box alongside Trigger to put a tick in it Click in the box alongside Level delete 0 and replace it by 20 Leave the Mode as Rise Close the Light 1 Options tab window by clicking on the Close button in its top right hand corner This will have set up the system so that the Temperature will start to be logged once it has risen past 30 C and will be logged five times each second for thirty seconds Similarly llluminance will be logged as soon as its level rises past 20 Ix and will then be logged at a rate of twenty samples per second for five seconds NOTE Leave both of the sensors connected to the PC via the USB Bridge E 4 3 8 Running two sensors with triggers NOTE Take care In this experiment you will be using hot water If not already available pour about 200ml of hot water at about 60 C into a 250ml beaker Similarly if not already available pour about 200ml of cold water at a temperature below that of the laboratory room into another 250ml beaker Place the Temperature sensor s rod into the cold water Click the Run sensors icon g in the Sub icon bar and note the following message
19. click on the Close buttons l in the top right hand corners of the Video Camera Frame and the Graph window to close them Then click on the Close buttons Lx in the top right hand corners of both the On line Experiment icon bar and Main icon bar to close them Disconnect the Temperature sensor from the USB Bridge module and also the USB Bridge module t from the PC Unplug the webcam from the PC EDU LAB LTD 95 Chapter 4 Off line Experiment Mode In this mode the experimental results are not displayed in real time The sensors are pre programmed to perform measurements The experiment setup together with the last data set is saved in each sensor s internal non volatile memory Off line experiment mode is where the sensors have been programmed by connection to a PC or the MDU with different Sampling rates and Experiment durations The sensors are then disconnected from the PC or MDU and put into battery powered chains or singly to collect their data on the pressing of the sensors Start stop buttons However in this mode each sensor can be programmed independently to be triggered to record data as well as having their Start stop buttons pressed at different times Reconnection of the sensors to a PC or the MDU is required to upload the data and analyse it However all graphs would be overlaid on the longest Time axis with t 0s being where each sensor appears to have been triggered Hence it does not take into account th
20. days The force sensor is contained in a metal box There is a hook at the bottom of the box that can be connected to various pulling loads A simple bumper for push impact measurements could be made and attached using a bolt which is placed through a length of plastic tubing The sensor can be hung from a universal laboratory stand via a rod through the hole in its box This sensor can be operated either facing upwards downwards and any intermediate including horizontal position Sensor zeroing Connect the sensor to a voltage source Edu Logger s Bridge Monitor Display Unit or Battery Unit To zero the reading just press the sensor s push button for about 3 seconds Alternatively the sensor can be connected to a PC running the Logger Sensors software via the USB module First click on the Module setup icon E on the Force sensor s Module box to open its Module setup window Then click on the Calibration icon EJ Specifications operation modes resolution Rate S sec 10 N 10 bit 0 01 N 3000 50 N EDU LAB LTD 166 8 18 Sound logger sensor NUL 112 This sensor has two modes of operation In slow mode it can be used to measure Sound pressure level in decibels In fast mode it can be used to compare different sources of sound their waveforms can also be displayed The frequencies of tuning forks and wind chimes could be determined and simple electronic signal generators calibrated using it With two sound sensor
21. different from the one displayed in Section 2 6 for the On line Experiment mode The Experiment duration and Sampling rate have to be set up here as does the use of a Trigger although the Trigger is not being dealt with until Section 4 2 5 NOTE It is essential that at least one change is made to the settings as only then are they downloaded into the Temperature sensor module s memory If you only want the default settings you would need to change one of them and then go back to it As you make changes an OK message will be displayed indicating that the change has been downloaded into the sensor s module memory Check that the radio button is set to Celsius Reset if necessary Click on the down arrow alongside Experiment duration and set it to 30 seconds Leave the Sampling rate set to 10 per second Ignore the Graph tab as its settings are not stored in the sensor s memory Click on the Trigger tab to display the Temperature 1 Trigger tab window below Temperature 1 Trigger Options Graph Trigger In this first example the Trigger is not being used so check that the box alongside Trigger is not ticked If necessary untick it by clicking in the box EDU LAB LTD 100 Close the Temperature 1 Trigger window by clicking on the Close button EJ in its top right hand corner Now disconnect the short cable with the Temperature sensor Ki still attached from the USB Bridge module and plug it
22. down to near 0 C keeping the water well stirred Click the On line experiment icon window below Module window Temperature Pressure mr rat EDU LAB LTD 62 Click on the Single step icon F in the Sub icon bar and you should then see the first point plots displayed as shown on the following page Meul og fae a4 A Pressure Switch the kettle ON and allow it to heat up for a minute or so to get to a temperature of around 15 C Switch OFF and stir the water until the temperature and pressure readings have stabilised Click on the Single step icon F in the Sub icon bar again to obtain the next plots on the graph Repeat the switching ON and OFF of the kettle to raise the temperature by around 20 C each time until the water is near or at its boiling point stirring until the readings have stabilised then clicking each time on the Single step icon F in the Sub icon bar to record and display the plots You should now see a Set of plots displayed on the graph window similar to those shown below a a fo 3 a p ER RE REE EE E as EDU LAB LTD 63 The next stage is to convert this graph into XY mode with Pressure plotted on the Y axis and Temperature along the X axis Click on the Experiment setup icon in the Sub icon bar to display the Experiment setup Options tab window shown below Experiment setup Options Click on the XY Graph t
23. estat unt ahs tea stamina ta teeta net caste cessed 130 5 2 AP Withia PG and Groups Of Sensors wcseeseenctnesresccunmmentneseoncsuneumanenmezacnsossetnnins 130 5 3 RF with the Monitor Display Unit MDU annannannannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnne 131 Chapter 6 Saving Loading Printing amp Exporting to a Spreadsheet 00 132 6 1 SAVN enaa a ae eee eee ee 132 6 2 Key o 9 eeennemnree mercer ee tareenrte a Peer ener Pree ern perenne ern arena nr 132 6 3 PRIMING is sternarud hen atateieeag E E E 133 6 4 EXPOMING toa SPlEAGSMCEL ccc ve veoreetelecs hed sparieea ends et artesian bene E eee eaks 133 Chapter 7 Edu Logger Tools sccccsssssesssesessssesseessnessnessesssneeseessneseneseeesseessnees 136 7 1 Set SeMmsorMr ID NUMO G oriei e a a a mee a cece 137 7 2 gt eL RE Module ID NUMDEGNs iidiiuieiebelatienediin aie 137 13 Restoring sensors TACIONY CelaUITS gestion Gansta nse a ucataia tn isesla mendes 138 7 4 Producing and saving instructions with and without the software configuration 140 7 5 SE USIOMMCA MJUE S 5 oteta cs sacdtan tae a a a E 148 7 6 PUSS ON 2 bind ee daseat des taciaalaent deca decease dase aadecla dent decades seaataselatea 148 7 7 Language SEI vc sebreeetutestvesibaheedoteeiucsietabve ses iied aai 148 EDU LAB LTD Chapter 8 Logger Sensors MOdules csccccsseseeeeeeseeseeseeeeeeseeeeenseneesseeeeeneenenenees 149 8 1 USB bridge Module USB 100 wes casnvecines vec
24. experiment results Save experiment Load data from sensors Off line Experiment Freeze current graphs Export to Excel file Experiment setup As with the On line Experiment mode note that the functions of each icon are indicated as above but can also be seen by moving the cursor over each on screen icon Click on the Close button l in the top right hand corner of the Graph window to close it Also click on the Close button x in the top right hand corner of the Sub icon bar to close it 4 2 Off line experiment with battery module In this Off line experiment mode you will be using sensor s whilst it they are connected and powered by a Battery module wo Each sensor can store up to 5 different experiments data Before connection check that this module s batteries are OK by pressing its button and seeing that the red LED alongside it lights If the LED does not light then you will need to replace the batteries EDU LAB LTD 97 4 2 1 Setting up a single sensor without a trigger In this mode each sensor retains in its memory the settings with which it was previously programmed so when reprogramming it is best to first reset sensors to their default settings unless you know that the settings are those you know you wish to use This is done using the Restore sensor factory defaults icon ey on the Tools icon bar shown below Restore sensor factory defaults eror 6 me o Connect
25. flags EDU LAB LTD 81 Click on the Run experiment icon in the Sub icon bar Let the model car run through the photogate to display the first measurement in the Table and Digital meter display of how great its acceleration was Widen the Digital meter window as required to accommodate the value Repeat twice more releasing the model car from the same position to obtain a set of measurements similar to those shown below Seceleration Average 0 53 m s 2 Now click on the Stop experiment icon a in the Sub icon bar Click on the Clear experiment results icon x in the Sub icon bar 3 6 3 Acceleration mode 2 photogates EDU LAB LTD 82 Replace the Double flag timing card by the Single timing card again Connect a further Photogate st to the USB Bridge module t using an additional Edu Logger short cable and mount it slightly lower down the runway Again check that its height is correct for the Timing card being able to break its beam The apparatus should appear much as in the photograph in the previous page Click on the Search for sensors icon in the Main icon bar wj Click on the On line Experiment icon in the Main icon bar to display the Table shown below Photogate Click on the Experiment setup icon a in the Sub icon bar to display additionally the Photogate Time and Velocity mode window below Photogate EDU LAB LTD 83 Click on the Acceleration mode
26. flow through components on the voltage across them With its 4mm plugs it can easily be connected into electric circuits Current 1 Current 1 Graph Current 1 Experiment Duration 50 milliseconds to 31 days Specifications Rangeand ADC _ Accur solution N 100 Slow 1OmA 3000 Fast 8 9 Temperature logger sensor This is one of the most versatile sensors It can be used in Biology to monitor ecological systems to study photosynthesis or to study the effect of temperature on enzymes in Chemistry to study exothermic or endothermic reactions and in Physics to study heat energy transfer Temperature 1 Temperature 1 Graph Temperature 1 Experiment Duration 1 second to 31 days The sensitive element is within a 180 mm long 3 2 mm diameter stainless steel tube This sensor can be used for temperature measurements in solids liquids or gases Specifications 35 C to 150 C A nale 31 OF to 93 F 12 bit EDU LAB LTD 155 8 10 Light logger sensor g NUL 104 This sensor is very versatile with applications in many areas of the natural sciences In Biology it can be used to study photosynthesis In Chemistry to study light emitting chemical reactions In Physics it can be used to study the effect of changing voltage on a light bulb s output With three ranges it can be used in low light environments such as a classroom or high light environments as in
27. given on the Functions tab window X Y 0 334 63 indicating a temperature of 334 63 C Not quite the 273 15 C for Absolute Zero that the textbooks all quote but not far off Now click on the Close buttons in the top right hand corners of both the Functions window and the Graph window to close them Then click on the Close buttons x in the top right hand corners of both the Sub icon and Main icon bars to close them EDU LAB LTD 66 Carefully it will be hot unclamp and then remove the boiling tube and Temperature sensor Bom the hot water Disconnect the Pressure sensor from the boiling tube using the adapter disconnector Remove the Temperature sensor 4 from the rubber bands strapping it to the boiling tube Pour away the hot water Disconnect both the Pressure sensor and Temperature sensor from the USB Bridge module t but leave the USB Bridge module connected to the PC 3 5 4 Inputting data into the manual values column Single step mode can also be used when one of the quantities you wish to measure and record has no sensor available at the moment An investigation of how the Pressure of a fixed mass of gas air at constant temperature varies with Volume occupied by the gas air can be dealt with in this way to investigate Boyle s Law The Pressure would be recorded when the Volume of the air was near 60ml 55ml 50ml 45ml 40ml 35ml and 30ml the Volumes being arranged via the graduations
28. icon in the Main icon bar to display the Graph window displayed below Gt Aiea A I Zi 1 ag So E WECECESIOOOLSCCOOISS r e amp See EY IE eatawe OT 4 E oe ee ee er ey Light Par bil Rae feat Bowes fagyi Click on the Temperature sensor s Module setup button Eo to display the Temperature 1 Options window below Temperature 1 Options Options Grag f 10 seconds v f 10 per second a Check that the radio button is set to Celsius Use the down arrow B alongside Experiment duration and set this at 30 seconds Use the down arrow alongside Sampling rate and set this at 5 per second Ignore the Graph tab as its settings are not stored in the sensor s memory EDU LAB LTD 126 Now click on the Trigger tab to open the Temperature 1 Trigger tab window shown overleaf Temperature 1 Trigger Click in the box alongside Trigger to put a tick in it Now click in the box alongside Level delete 0 and replace it by 30 Leave the Mode as Rise Close the Temperature 1 Trigger tab window by clicking on the Close button amp 3 in its top right hand corner Click on the Light sensor s Module Setup button eS to display the Light 1 Options tab window shown overleaf Light 1 Options f 10 seconds v f 10 per second iad Check that the radio button is set to 1000 Ix Use the down arrow alongside Experiment duration to set it to 5 seconds Use the down
29. magnetic field of Earth The logger sensor has only one range and measures the magnetic fields in milli Tesla mT Magnetic 1 Options Magnetic 1 Graph Graph Magnetic 1 om Experiment Duration 25 milliseconds to 31 days Specifications Ee SIRE A ff m ean Lees OR alanis a AUU F Ss ution IK d l mT 10 bit 0 001mT 3000 10 EDU LAB LTD 169 a 8 21 Conductivity logger sensor NUL 115 This logger sensor is based on a probe with two flat electrodes with Known surface area and distance between them A signal is supplied to the electrodes and by testing the signal behaviour the conductivity of the solution is calculated The logger sensor has three ranges for displaying the solution conductivity us cm micro Siemens per centimetre mg L milli gram per Liter ppm part per million Conductivity 1 Conductivity Conductivity 1 Options 1 EJ Conductivity 1 Graph F EE Conductivity o e 1 Experiment Duration 1 second to 31 days Specifications Resolution l T 0 2000 us cm us cm p Over 2000 1 us cm 0 18000 mg L 0 1000 mg L 0 1 mg L Over 1000 1 mg L 0 18000 ppm 0 1000 ppm 0 1 ppm Over 1000 1 ppm EDU LAB LTD 170 OM a 8 22 Spirometer logger sensor p NUL 116 The Spirometer enables measuring the volume of our lungs The sensor includes a tube and it measures the air flow that passes through it
30. modes of operation x Rotary 1 Graph Experiment Duration 1 second to 31 days Specifications Resolution N Ap tio n OP m S Fes 0 360 40 bit 0 08 345 Rad s 0 6 Rad s 32 222 Rad s 11 Rad s Note To zero the measured angle click on the Calibration icon Eol EDU LAB LTD 179 8 31 Acceleration logger sensor Q NUL 127 This logger sensor includes a 3D three dimensions acceleration sensor but only one dimension acceleration can be displayed at a time This sensor has three modes of operation Acceleration 1 Options R Acceleration 1 Graph ee a l Acceleration 1 Experiment Duration 25 milliseconds to 31 days Specifications 80a m s ACCc X A Acc y 80 a 80 m s Acc z 80 a 80 m s Note The logger sensor measures all the three accelerations at the same time and stores it We can run an experiment on line upload one dimension acceleration freeze it and upload another using the off line method EDU LAB LTD 180 NUL 129 This logger sensor is based on measuring the vacuum pressure in a tensiometer 8 32 Soil moisture logger sensor A tensiometer is a closed tube with a special ceramic part in its end The tensiometer is filled with water and put in the soil If the soil is dry water goes out by diffusion through the ceramic holes and vacuum pressure is created in the tensiometer When we wet the soil the vacuum in the tensiometer p
31. modules connected together will automatically run at the same rate but in Off line Experiment mode they can operate at differing rates The Experiment Duration should be set by the user whilst these are most often quite short they could also be long many days Sampling Rates and Experiment Durations are interdependent and so for very fast rates only short durations are available The combination of fast rates and long durations Is limited by the memory storage capacity of the modules 8 1 USB bridge module t USB 100 This Edu Logger module enables a fast connection of the sensors to the PC It operates with Windows 98 SE XP and Vista The USB module is the first in a chain of sensors connected to a USB port of the PC It provides both power from the PC to the sensors and communication between the PC and the sensors This module has a USB cable on one side and two Logger Sensor sockets on the other side 8 2 Battery module uw Bat 100 The Battery module supplies power to a sensor or chain of sensors operating in the Off Line mode and to sensors connected to an RF Communication module This module can be checked for the goodness of its internal batteries by pressing its push button This will turn ON its light emitting diode LED when the batteries are O K Specifications 4 AA batteries Battery test button EDU LAB LTD 150 8 3 RF Communication module il RF 100 The RF Communication module allows remote
32. of the data would probably not be useful though if one was plotted its X axis would display as a Counter 1 2 3 4 etc You can try this by following the instructions below Fill three 250ml beakers with different soils or sands of differing colours and leave them in the Sun for about an hour If it is not a sunny day pour warm water at three different temperatures into the beakers instead Connect the Temperature sensor kJ to the USB Bridge module t using a Edu Logger short cable Double click the Edu Logger shortcut icon Las to display the window shown below lf the temperature is not displayed in C click on its Module setup button amp and reset to the Celsius radio button Stodube windy Temperature 1 EDU LAB LTD 51 Pi Click on the On line experiment icon in the Main icon bar to display the Sub icon bar and Graph window shown below a O A A qona Anang Ss Now click on the Experiment setup icon amp to display the Experiment setup Options tab window shown below Experiment setup Options f 10 per second x Click the cursor in the box alongside Graph to untick it Click in the box alongside Table to place a tick in it Now click the Close button in the top right hand corner of the Experiment setup Options tab window to close it You will now see that the Graph window has been removed but a Table window has appeared as shown below
33. parts Edu Logger software installation and USB driver installation After the installation process is completed the Logger Sensors software is ready to use Notes Upgrading the software can be done at any time Installing the upgraded software just replaces the relevant files so uninstalling the software before upgrading is not needed During upgrading the software the USB driver installation can be skipped by clicking the Cancel button The Edu Logger shortcut icon should appear on the PC desktop 2 2 Logger sensors main screen Double click the Edu Logger shortcut icon la to display the following On line experiment Off line experiment Search for sensors N eu Log fron Senis Ne nsors Network Technology Ver 2 44 Sub icon bar Note that the functions of each icon are indicated above but can also be seen by moving the cursor over each on screen icon Main icon bar There are two icon bars on the main screen The upper one the Main icon bar includes the main Edu Logger functions Search for sensors On Line experiment Off Line experiment Tools About The lower bar is the Sub icon bar Clicking on some of the Main icon bar icons not Search for sensors or Help displays sub icons relating to their associated functions EDU LAB LTD 8 2 3 Connecting a sensor Connect the USB Bridge module to a USB port on the PC Connect the Temperature sensor to the USB
34. per minute as have the axes scales so you do not need to change any of the settings Click on on the Task bar at the foot of the screen to display Edu Logger Now click on the Load configuration icon in the Tools icon bar Switch between and on the Task bar as and when necessary Wait for two minutes or so for the Oxygen sensor s readings to stabilise The Oxygen Sensor s Module box displayed in the Module window should be showing a value close to 20 9 If this is not the case click on the Module setup button amp to display the Oxygen 1 Options window shown below Click on the Calibration icon bx and then close the Oxygen 1 Options window by clicking on the Close button amp in its top right hand corner Click on the Run experiment icon g in the Sub icon bar Leave the experiment running and examine it again in just over a day s time In this example you would then save the document with the name Respiration of Maggots with whatever file extension doc docx wps odt tmd rtf pdf etc is appropriate Save the document in the Experiments folder within the Edu Logger Docs folders creating this if necessary Plug the USB Bridge module Li into a USB port on the PC and connect the Oxygen O sensor OF to one of the USB Bridge module s sockets using a short cable EDU LAB LTD 143 Double click the Edu Logger shortcut icon to display the window shown below Module window NeuLog i Neuron Sen
35. select CSV File The following screen dump reflects the use of Microsoft Excel but it is a similar process with other spreadsheets You would then type a meaningful name e g in this example it was Malus Law into the Filename box and then click the Save button Then on opening the spreadsheet the table of data would be displayed as below and further processing done before plotting a graph of Corrected Light Intensity against cos Angle between polarisers EDU LAB LTD 135 1 Samples Light Ix Angle degrees 1 oo 2 a0 3 ot 70 d 100 60 5 1 50 6 160 40 7 203 a 8 26 0 9 337 10 10 347 oO selee wesa aN eaa saaana eaae EDU LAB LTD 136 Chapter 7 Edu Logger Tools Connect the USB Bridge module t to a USB port on the PC Connect the Temperature sensor J to the USB Bridge module kd using a short cable eae Double click on the shortcut icon b to display the following The Logger Sensors software has several tools through which a sensor s ID and software language can be changed Another important tool saves an experiment s configuration For each experiment setup an instruction document can be prepared When the document is opened doc docx wps odt tmd rtf pdf etc the experiment setup is automatically loaded Click on the Tools icon K to reveal the Tools icon bar shown below As with all the icon bars moving the cursor over the icons reveals their pur
36. tab window by clicking on the Close button amp 3 in its top right hand corner EDU LAB LTD 119 Click on the Light sensor s Module Setup button Ce to display the Light 1 Options tab window shown below Light 1 Options f 10 seconds r of 10 per second Check that the radio button is set to 1000 Ix Use the down arrow x alongside Experiment duration to set it to 5 seconds Use the down arrow x alongside Sampling rate to set it to 50 per second Again ignore the Graph tab as its settings are not stored in the sensor s memory and also ignore the Trigger tab as no Trigger is to be set here either Close the Light 1 Options tab window by clicking on the Close button in its top right hand corner Both the Temperature and Light sensors have now been setup NOTE Leave both of the sensors connected to the PC via the USB Bridge A 4 3 4 Running two sensors without triggers NOTE Take care In this experiment you will be using hot water f not already available pour about 200ml of hot water at about 60 C into a 250ml beaker Similarly if not already available pour about 200ml of cold water at a temperature below that of the laboratory room into another 250ml beaker Place the Temperature sensor s rod into the hot water EDU LAB LTD 120 Click the Run sensors icon amp in the Sub icon bar and note the following message All last experiments Temperature 1 Light 1 Exper
37. the Experiments folder opens it and follows the on screen instructions Whilst this illustrates how to do this for an experiment using an Oxygen sensor it is applicable to any experiment setup with any sensors EDU LAB LTD 146 7 4 2 Producing and saving without the software configuration As in Section 7 3 1 a document file with information for the user must be prepared using a word processor or similar application The example shown on the following page is one where the software configuration has not been done in advance and only rudimentary details are provided as to how to conduct the experiments Obviously these could have been very detailed hold by the hand instructions the choice will be dictated by circumstances the ability and knowledge of the users Investigating Indigestion Tablets Introduction bottle of cola pestle and mortar pH sensor USB Bridge l module hd A pH 7 0 4D oy buffer indigestion solution J tablets Setup of pH sensor experiment The stomach s mucosa has cells within it which secrete hydrochloric acid of between pH 2 and pH 3 This acid activates pepsinogen secreted by other cells in the mucosa converting it into the protein digesting enzyme pepsin Additionally this acid kills off many of the bacteria that accompany food However this acid can also bring about indigestion Indigestion is the pain or discomfort in the chest or abdomen that one might get afte
38. then save the document with the file name Indigestion Tablets with whatever file extension doc docx wps odt tmd rtf pdf etc was appropriate in an Experiments folder as a sub folder of Edu Logger Docs creating this if necessary All would then be set up ready for the user to load the activity by first clicking on the Tools icon in the Main icon bar and then on the Load activity icon Min the Tools icon bar He she then locates the Indigestion Tablets file in the Experiments folder opens it and follows the on screen instructions Again whilst this illustrates how to do this for an experiment using a pH sensor it is applicable to any experiment setup with any sensors 7 5 Set significant figures When a sensor is not available to make a measurement e g Volume of gas in a syringe you can enter the required data through the Manual values column of a Table window If this data is to then be used in calculations it is essential that those calculations are made to the correct number of significant figures For example if the Volumes of gas were 63 58 53 48 43 and 38ml they have been measured and recorded to two significant figures Therefore any calculations using them cannot be made to more than two significant figures So before any Functions Math tab calculations are made it is essential that you first select the number of significant figures that the calculations are to be made to The number of signif
39. three flags of the same or different size and spacings lt 50mm gt lt 5mm gt lt 50mm gt Single flag timing card Double flag timing card EDU LAB LTD 76 3 6 1 Time and velocity mode USB Bridge module Attach a Single flag timing card to a model car Place the model car on an approximately 20 sloping runway and temporarily secure it in position Fix a photogate sensor on a retort stand using a bosshead and position it half way down the runway and such that the timing card will interrupt its beam Connect the Photogate sensor to one of the sockets of the USB Bridge Module using a Edu Logger short cable The arrangement of the equipment should be much like that in the photograph above EDU LAB LTD 7 Double click the Edu Logger shortcut icon so that the Photogate sensor module displays in the Module window as shown below Module window NeuLog Neuron Sensors Network Technology Photogate 2 Ver 2 40 Click on the On line Experiment icon shown below in the Main icon bar to display the Table Photogate vou Click on the Experiment setup icon a in the Sub icon bar to display additionally the Photogate Time and Velocity mode window shown on the following page Note the purpose of each section EDU LAB LTD 78 Acceleration mode 1 Status graph mode Time and Velocity mode Acceleration mode 2
40. to display the Current 1 Options tab window below Current 1 Click the cursor in the box alongside Grid so that both Graph and Grid are ticked Now click on the Graph tab so that the Current 1 Graph tab window is shown as below Current 1 Graph EDU LAB LTD 55 Use the down arrow 1 alongside Y max and reset its value to 100 Use the up arrow l alongside Y min and reset its value to 100 Click the Close button in the top right hand corner of the Current 1 Graph tab window to close it Click on the On line Experiment icon in the Main icon bar to display the Graph window below lodude window Neu Log Neuron Sensors Network Technology S E zi m ii ae 2 Sat ea2awtrash Voltage be wvcher bdbth be ene we be ew we Connect the Voltage sensor s red plug into the OV really 6V socket of the lower cell holder The Voltage Sensor s Module box should now display a value around 6V and the Current Sensor s Module box a value around 50mA If the Current Sensor s Module box is displaying a value of around 50mA instead swop the Current sensor s connections over Click on the Single step icon F in the Sub icon bar and the first plot will displayed as shown in the Graph window below s 30 8 80 7 70 6 60 5 50 4 4 3 30 2 20 1 10 0 0 1 1410 2 20 3 30 4 40 5 50 6 60 7 70 8 80 9 90 EDU LAB LTD 56 Now move the Voltage sensor
41. to zero icon T which if you had a graph line that needed to be extended back to zero would be one to click on You may also have noticed that the Functions tab window also has a Linear fit between cursors facility as shown below This allows you to select just a section of a graph between cursors in which to calculate and display a Linear fit line Functions Statistics Math 4f Linear fit v 4y Linear fit between cursors Gradient cursor 1 PN Polynomial between cursors Now click on the Close button l in the top right hand corner of the Graph window Click on the Close buttons x in the top right hand corners of both the Sub icon and Main icon bars to close them Unplug the Voltage and Current sensors from both the circuit and the USB Bridge module ca but leave the USB Bridge module connected to the PC EDU LAB LTD 60 3 5 3 Extrapolation to zero This same Single step mode can be used in an investigation to predict the value of Absolute Zero by recording the variation of Pressure of a fixed mass of gas air at constant volume with Temperature The data collected can then be put into an XY graph with the Temperature plotted along the X axis from 100 C to 400 C and the Pressure along the Y axis With a best fit linear fit line applied to the plots and extrapolated back to where the Pressure is zero the predicted Absolute Zero of temperature can be determined The value obtained in this simplified ex
42. water and lots of energy It can be summarised by the equation C H120 ef 60 6CO 6H O ap Energy Glucose Oxygen Carbon dioxide water energy In this experiment the use of oxygen in the aerobic respiration of maggots in a sealed O container can be observed over time with the Edu Logger Oxygen sensor l Procedure cut off fizzy drink 4 honkor comtainer i containing maggots Oxygen sensor Bee hive shelf USB Bridge module Place about thirty maggots into a 100 ml beaker place a piece of gauze fabric over its open end and anchor in place with a rubber band Pour water at around room temperature into a trough to a depth of about 3cm Thread the Oxygen sensor through the hole in the centre of a bee hive shelf so that the sensor is pointing upwards Place the beaker of maggots on the bee hive shelf and anchor the Oxygen sensor to it again with a rubber band Now place the beaker with Oxygen sensor attached and the bee hive shelf into the water in the trough Position a cut off fizzy drink bottle over the whole lot and into the water so that the air is sealed inside The photograph above shows how it might appear EDU LAB LTD 142 t Connect the Oxygen sensor OF to the USB Bridge module using a short cable and plug the USB Bridge module into a USB port on the PC The setup of the Edu Logger software has already been configured for you at an Experiment duration of 1 day and a Sampling rate of 1
43. window to close it This should leave on the screen a graph of Current through the resistor plotted against the Voltage across the resistor similar to that shown below p g0 a0 To eo 40 r H 3 20 40 E i a0 30 4 50 AD T m0 Sh EDU LAB LTD 58 Now click on the Show functions icon to display the Functions tab window with Linear fit as shown below Functions Functions Statistics Math Click on the down arrow 7 alongside Voltage 1 and select Current 1 instead Now click the Calculate function icon to display the Functions tab window with the equation of the Linear fit line similar to that below Functions Current 1 EDU LAB LTD 59 Click the Close button EJ in the top right hand corner of the Functions tab window to close it This should leave on the screen a graph of Current through the resistor plotted against the Voltage across the resistor together with the overlaid Linear fit line as shown below ioo 0 a0 T eo 0 4i a 20 10 ee222e28 volage 1 again and EE If you wished to remove the Linear fit line then click the Show functions icon then click the Erase icon Ww in the Functions tab window Whilst the Erase icon Ww looks much like the Clear experiment results icon al in the Sub icon bar clicking on it only removes the Linear fit line Additionally you should have noticed the Extrapolation
44. 0 03 Y2 0 1 AY 0 07 N EDU LAB LTD 37 Click on the down arrow alongside Linear fit select Area from the drop down menu and then click the Calculate function icon to display the value of the area as shown below Functions Click on the Close button amp 3 in the top right hand corner of the Functions tab window to close it Click on the Show cursors icon again to remove the cursors from the graph Click on the Unzoom all icon Ato return the graph to the original view Click again on the Pre Trigger button to get the whole of the blip on the graph Rather than just enlarge all of the graph in the Y axis direction which is what the Zoom fit icon Fal does you can also enlarge just the section of interest using the Zoom window icon Fal Click on the Zoom window icon Pd Now click the cursor just above and to the left of the blip on the graph and then drag the cursor down and to the right until the whole of the blip is within the green box Now release the cursor to display a greatly enlarged blip as shown in the graph window below EDU LAB LTD 38 As before click on the Show cursors icon D and move the two cursors so that the purple cursor is positioned where the force just starts to rise and the green cursor where the force has returned to zero as shown in the graph below 0 04 0 03 Sle OM sae 004 Axe 005 YI 0 03 Yee Ate 107 As before you could now click on th
45. 30 a5 i 75 T 65 0 55 o S a E 35 7 25 20 15 40 5 Aa AS 20 Time 2 Note that both graphs show the sensors Trigger points 30 C and 20 Ix at Time Os and their values for a short time before the sensors were triggered If you had clicked on Temperature 1 just the Temperature graph would have been displayed Similarly if you had clicked on Light 1 then just the Illuminance graph would have been displayed Although not a sensible one to plot here you could also have plotted an XY graph of Temperature against Illumination as outlined in Section 3 5 As in On line experiment mode you also have access to Zoom fit Functions etc Now click on the Close button l in the top right hand corner of the Graph window to close tt Then click on the Close buttons Lx in the top right hand corners of both the Off line experiment icon and Main icon bars to close them Disconnect both the Light sensor e and the Temperature sensor K from the USB Bridge module BB anc unplug the latter from the PC EDU LAB LTD 130 Chapter 5 Using the RF Communication Modules 5 1 RF With a PC 7 RF Communications modules USB ae Light module j sensor cable to s PC For communication between a single sensor or chain of sensors and a PC simply plug the sensor s and RF Communication module into a Battery module via its USB B socket Then at the PC end plug another RF Commun
46. 98 98SE or ME operating systems It requires 20MB of hard disc space There are no limitations of processor speed or RAM needed At least one USB port is required together with another if a webcam or USB video camera is to be connected Similarly a further port will be needed if a printer is to be connected Whilst no doubt a number of webcams and video cameras can be used the Viewflex or Extravalue 1 3 Megapixel Snake Webcam USB No driver install required Plug and Play works fine with both Windows XP and Vista It is inexpensive and can also provide additional lighting if required If use is to be made of the export to a spreadsheet facility then the PC must have a software such as Microsoft Excel Lotus 123 Softmaker Planmaker OpenOffice Calc or similar CSV Comma Separated Value application If you wish to incorporate and save instructions for the use of activities then access will be needed to a word processor or similar application to prepare such a file EDU LAB LTD 1 8 Safety instructions Read and understand these entire instructions before proceeding Keep these instructions This equipment is not designed to perform in an environment where failure may result in accident or injury This equipment is designed to operate and perform in an educational environment It is not designed to be used in a medical marine or industrial environment Disconnect module before servicing for any reason Servicing sh
47. AB LTD 41 Double click the Edu Logger shortcut icon l so that the Voltage and Current sensor modules display in the Module window as shown below Click on the On line Experiment icon eS window below SRKRSRSewebhtieownsnoaoBese2ese ws EDU LAB LTD 42 Click on the Experiment setup icon amp in the Sub icon bar to display the Experiment setup Options tab window below Experiment setup Options f 10 per second v The switching on of the bulb is a very fast event so click on the down arrow alongside Experiment duration and select 150 milliseconds Now click on the down arrow 7 alongside Sampling rate and select 1000 per second if it is not already automatically selected for you The Experiment setup Options tab window should now appear as shown below Experiment setup Options af 150 milliseconds v 1000 per second bd Click on the Graph tab to display the Experiment setup Graph tab window displayed below Experiment setup Graph lt should appear exactly as shown above with the box alongside Display 2 axes only ticked and those below Participating sensor s also ticked for Voltage 1 and Current 1 Reset if necessary With such a fast event you will need to use the Trigger to begin the data logging EDU LAB LTD 43 Click on the Trigger tab to display the Experiment setup Trigger tab window and then click in the box alongside Trigger to di
48. B LTD 157 Specifications Range and ADC Max Sample operation modes resolution Rate S sec 0 to 25 in air 10 bit 0 1 100 O to 100 dissolved 0 1 O to 12 5 mg L dissolved 0 1 mg L Specifications for the electrode are as follows Body diameter 12mm Overall length 150mm 16mm OD 30mm Long _ femmOD 30mmLong O SSOSC CSCi S S Polarographic Clark Type design with Silver Anode Gold Cathode anode system Delrin body and PTFE membrane Range Output 0 20 ppm Dissolved Oxygen 0 200 saturation Output 0 40 mA 0 400 mA 98 of full response in 60 seconds at 25 C 8 12 pH logger sensor NUL 1 06 This sensor can be used to measure the static pH values of common liquids water milk soft drinks vinegar etc as well as the changing values in titrations or experiments such as those looking at the effect of antacids Experiment Duration 1 second to 31 days The pH sensor is designed for long life in a variety of general purpose situations Its sealed reference system and gel fill make it easy to use and maintain With an epoxy body it is a durable electrode for use both in the laboratory and in the field Sensor Calibration This sensor gives a fast response across the full pH range and can be calibrated with any standard buffer solution Connect the sensor to a voltage source the USB Bridge plugged into a PC Edu Logger s Monitor Display Unit or Battery Unit Insert the sensor into a pH 7
49. Bridge module using a Edu Logger short cable the same procedure should be followed for any other sensor Each module has two identical cable sockets You can use either The sockets enable you to connect the sensor modules in a chain Click on the Search for sensors icon se in the Main icon bar The program will scan and display the connected sensor s Module box in this case that of the Temperature sensor automatically in the Module window on the left hand side of the screen as shown below Stodube mindu Th N u Log Meuron Sensors Network Technology eani Vi Module window The program starts automatically in the Search for sensors mode so if you run the program whilst modules are connected to the PC their presence will be scanned for and their Sensor Module boxes will be displayed in the Module window lf you add or remove sensors from a chain of sensors you must rescan by clicking on the Search for sensors icon Any newly detected Sensor Module boxes are displayed vertically in the Module window Each Sensor Module box is characterized by several parameters as shown in the following Section 2 4 This is the plug and play method Connect the sensors to the PC through the USB module click Search and the system is ready to use EDU LAB LTD 9 2 4 Sensor module box oan L_ haan zo B e ID Displays the sensor s ID Up to 9 sensors of the same type can be connected in a chain Value
50. Displays the sensor s numerical value Module Setup Opens the sensor s setup window Type Displays the sensor s type Light Temperature etc Units Displays appropriate units of measurement Ix for a Light sensor F or C for a temperature sensor etc Colour Shows the graph line colour of the sensor this colour can be easily changed see below The numbers and units of the Y axis will also be displayed in this colour 2 5 Color oe a oa gt Click on the Temperature Sensor Module box s colour button The following Colour box then appears Basic colors Bee E EE E f on FE E fF 8 Eee ee EERE EE _i_ ff ime im Custom colors BEREERHEEE HH BERHEEEE HH Select one of the colours by clicking the cursor on it and then click the OK button The Colour window disappears and you will see that the Colour box of the Temperature Sensor Module box has changed to your selected colour This will also have changed the color of the graph line and Y axis numbers and unit s color although you will not be aware of it at this stage Click the cursor back on the Temperature Sensor Module box s color button select the original red color and then again click the OK button to return the system to its Original state Note The selected colour is for that particular sensor EDU LAB LTD 10 2 6 Temperature sensor module setup Click on the Module Setup button amp of the Temper
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52. PC Now click on the Trigger tab to display the Temperature 1 Trigger tab window shown below Again it may well not appear quite as shown as all will depend on its last usage and setup Temperature 1 Trigger Options Graph Trigger If the box alongside Trigger is not ticked click the cursor in it to tick it Click the cursor in the box alongside Level and enter a value of 40 Click the cursor on the down arrow z alongside Mode and select Fall Close the Temperature 1 Trigger tab window by clicking on the Close button amp in its top right hand corner All would now have been set up to collect data for two minutes at a rate of 60 per minute once the temperature had fallen through the 40 C point Assume that this was how it was set up lt is useful to always have a default setup a series of settings that the sensor can always be set to and the next few instructions will show you how to return a sensor or sensors if more than one had been connected to the default setting Click on the Tools icon in the Main icon bar and then on the Restore sensors factory defaults icon l a Click again on the Off line experiment icon in the Main icon bar EDU LAB LTD 140 Click again on the Module Setup button amp to display the Temperature 1 Options window It should now display its default settings as shown below Temperature 1 Options f 10 seconds v af 10 per second bd Agai
53. Remote connection is also possible by plugging an RF Communication module into it and another into the sensor or sensor chain This enables both setting up and analysing the collected data EDU LAB LTD 153 8 Voltage logger sensor 40 NUL 101 Voltages can be measured across various resistive capacitive and inductive components as well as those of photovoltaic cells batteries and power supplies This sensor can also be used to measure electrode potentials in Redox reactions and to investigate the charging and discharging of capacitors When used in conjunction with the Current sensor the dependence of the current flowing on the applied voltage can be studied in various electric circuits This sensor can be used to measure low voltage AC and DC circuits With its 4mm plugs it can easily be connected into electric circuits lt can also measure using a step down transformer the AC voltage of the Main supply and check its frequency 50 60 Hz the input is limited to 60Hz and 20V maximum Yoltage 1 Options EIS B oltage 1 Graph Options Graph Teetemstemerrensremsred Experiment Duration 50 milliseconds to 31 days Specifications operation modes resolution Rate S sec E 100 Slow EDU LAB LTD 154 8 8 Current logger sensor E gt NUL 102 This sensor can be used to measure the current in parallel or series low voltage a c and d c circuits and also investigate the dependence of the current
54. The volume in litres is calculated by the software area calculation function The tube has a narrow part in its center and it measures the flow rate by measuring the pressure difference between the two ports of the tube Spirometer 2 Options X Spirometer 2 Graph Spirometer Fa Experiment Duration 1 second to 31 days Specifications 5 wo _ obt 0 05 Us Note Disposable laminated papers are included with the sensor A paper must be rolled and put in the tube before using it and exhaling through it EDU LAB LTD 171 8 23 GSR logger sensor W NUL 117 The Galvanic Skin Response GSR logger sensor measures the conductivity of our skin especially between our hand fingers The conductivity of our skin changes according to unconscious emotion effects such as sudden noise smell touch pain or view This sensor has two ranges conductivity in micro Siemens and arbitrary numbers GSR 1 Graph Experiment Duration 1 second to 31 days Specifications Range and ADI C Resolution operation n mod es Jony 0 65279 Arbitrary units 10 TE a 0 10 uS Note The skin response time from the sudden effect is between 0 1 to 0 5 seconds The level of the response changes dramatically from one person to another The user must put his hand on a table chair or on his lap and be still EDU LAB LTD 172 8 24 Colorimeter logger sensor NUL 119 The colorimeter measures the l
55. X axis only displays as far as 10 seconds but on running the experiment this axis will expand to accommodate the Experiment duration that you had set Click on the Run experiment icon ge in the Sub icon bar to start the datalogging Insert the Temperature sensor rod into the hot water watch the graph note the increasing value of Temperature on the Temperature Sensor Module box and that data is being recorded in the Table After about 15 seconds take the Temperature sensor rod out of the hot water and insert it into the cold water After 30 seconds a message Experiment Completed appears and you should get a graph similar to the one shown below NOTE If you had wished to stop the data saad 5etore the 30 seconds had elapsed you could have clicked on the Stop experiment icon in the Sub icon bar Module viridi L i ae a a e ER Neu og euron Sensors Network Technology T AA goa Se Se So Temperature 1 Click on the Experiment setup icon va in the Sub icon bar to display the Experiment setup Options tab window below Experiment setup Options f 30 seconds v f 10 per second bd EDU LAB LTD 23 Click in the box alongside Table to tick vw it and you should then see a Table of data from the experiment similar to that shown below Table net Terese 11 If you wished to see what the temperature was at a particular time you would either click on the Up Down scroll buttons
56. ab to display the Experiment setup XY Graph tab window displayed below Experiment setup X Graph Click on the radio button alongside Sensor to display the following Experiment setup XY Graph tab window shown below Experiment setup XY Graph D Temperature 1 v EDU LAB LTD 64 You should now see the points plotted on an XY graph similar to that displayed below Pressure s88eB8 888288 8 8 see L Feini te eee bia al Eaa hra beeka ee a ee a A a f Click on the Close button amp 3 in the top right hand corner of the Experiment setup XY Graph tab window to close it Click on the Show function icon to display the Functions tab window shown below Functions Click the down arrow 7 alongside Temperature 1 and select Pressure 1 instead EDU LAB LTD 65 Click on the Calculate function icon to display the graph below with its best fit linear fit line and note that there is quite a good linear fit pi Ca ai pa Li EENI This graph can now be extrapolated back to where the Pressure would be zero Click on the Extrapolation to zero icon T to display a graph similar to that below Neulog x Cals Fale Pressure oe ee ee oe oe ee EPE 150 100 Temparaluwe FE You can now determine what the Temperature would be if the Pressure had been reduced to zero You can either see this direct from the graph itself or from the information
57. amp Table Tne Teron EDU LAB LTD 52 Place the Temperature sensor s rod into the first beaker wait for a few seconds and then click on the Single step icon F in the Sub icon bar Now move the Temperature sensor s rod into the second beaker again wait for a few seconds and then click on the Single step icon F in the Sub icon bar Now move the Temperature sensor s rod into the third beaker again wait for a few seconds and then click on the Single step icon F in the Sub icon bar You should now see a table with the three temperatures displayed as below Table Click the Close button l in the top right hand corner of the Table window to close it Click on the Close buttons x in the top right hand corners of both the Sub icon and Main icon bars to close them Disconnect the Temperature sensor p from the USB Bridge module Wou leave the USB Bridge module connected to the PC 3 5 2 Single step with a linear fit line Single step mode can be used when you need to collect sensor readings at specific values You could investigate how the current through a 1000 resistor a diode a 6V m e s filament bulb and a light emitting diode led vary with applied voltages of approximately OV 1 5V 3V 4 5V and 6V provided simply by two sets of cell holders Such a setup does not require a continuously variable voltage supply and so is easier to provide multiple sets for class use By finally setting up XY gra
58. ane 7 aso 4 soo 90 aso aaa 4 750 4 mo mw eso d eao 550 o soo aso aso 340 300 1 20 Fani j S E 8 amp Light Temperature 1 10 1 20 1 30 1 40 1 50 Note that both graphs begin at Time 0 00 minutes even though the Light sensor did not have its Start stop button pressed until 1 minute after the Temperature sensor had its Start stop button pressed In this mode the graphs do not take into account such time differences EDU LAB LTD 105 lf you had clicked on Temperature 1 just the Temperature graph would have been displayed Similarly if you had clicked on Light 1 then just the Illuminance graph would have been displayed Although not a sensible one to plot here you could also have plotted an XY graph of Temperature against Illumination by clicking on the Experiment setup icon va in the Sub icon bar and using one of its Graph tabs to arrange this Click on the Clear experiment results icon in the Sub icon bar Disconnect the Temperature sensor 4 from the chain but leave the Light sensor e and USB Bridge module connected to the PC NOTE The two sensors could also have been programmed and operated separately from each other Uploading their data subsequently could then have been done i separately in which case only that sensor s data would be displayed on a graph or ii both together in which case both sets of data could be overlaid on the same graph if wished or indeed uploaded
59. aph s have been plotted Leave it set on Seconds lf a Pressure sensor had also been connected you could choose which axis on which to plot Pressure or Temperature Although you cannot do it at this stage if a Pressure sensor had been connected and you had clicked the radio button alongside Sensor the following window would be displayed EDU LAB LTD 21 Experiment setup XY Graph d iTemperature 1 This would indicate that the Temperature would be plotted on the X axis with by default the Pressure along the Y axis However by clicking on the down arrow alongside Temperature 1 Pressure 1 would be displayed and that could be chosen instead for the X axis and by default Temperature 1 would then be plotted on the Y axis Click on the Close button amp 3 in the top right hand corner of the Experiment setup XY Graph tab window to close it 3 2 Running an on line experiment NOTE Take care In this experiment you will be using hot water Pour about 200ml of hot water at around 60 C into a 250ml beaker Pour about 200ml of cold water at a temperature below that of the laboratory room into another 250ml beaker You have already setup the Experiment duration to 30 seconds and the Sampling rate to 10 per second so all is now ready to go and you should see the following screen displayed ow Si a feo NeuLog Neuron Sensors Network Technology SEBAAATAS B on EDU LAB LTD 22 At this stage the
60. are is a Windows oriented program with dynamic windows that may on occasions hide each other Moving the overlaid window displayed as a table graph digital meter etc and then clicking on the previously hidden window will bring the latter to the front Alternatively clicking on a window s icon or button can bring it to the front The various windows can be moved around the screen by clicking on their headlines upper blue bars holding the cursor down and then dragging the window to the required position ik These windows can also be resized by clicking on their edges or corners until or are displayed then hold down the cursor and drag to enlarge or shrink as required Columns in table windows can also be changed in width and this is done by clicking on the column header until is displayed hold down the cursor and drag to enlarge or shrink as required This manual describes the Edu Logger software through few sensors Because the measured data is processed in the logger sensor the software treats each sensor in the same manner except the photo gate sensor The Edu Logger software is very rich and at the same time intuitive It is very simple to use There is another manual that describes available sensors and their typical experiments 1 7 Computer requirements Logger Sensors can be used with a PC running Microsoft Windows 2000 NT XP or Vista operating systems It will not run with Windows 95
61. atistics icon and you will have displayed as below the Maximum Minimum and Average temperatures recorded together with their Standard deviation Statistics Temperature 1 v Q EDU LAB LTD 30 The Math tab allows you to perform mathematical operations on the data that has been collected Click on the Math tab and then on the down arrow alongside log A to view the range of operations available as shown below Use the scroll bar to see the rest of the operations available With the Temperature Time graph that you have on screen there is no useful mathematical operation that can be performed on its data so do not implement a choice at this stage However as you will note from the range of operations available it could be used to multiply the data from a Voltage sensor A by that from a Current sensor B so that a graph can be plotted of Electrical Power against Time or with those same two sensors to divide the data from a Voltage sensor A by that from a Current sensor B to provide a graph of Electrical Resistance against Time This will be looked at later in Section 3 4 Click twice on the Close button l in the top right hand corner of the Math tab window to close it Click on the Show cursors icon to remove the cursors from the graph There are occasions when it is helpful to retain the graph from an experiment on the screen re run the experiment and have its graph displayed also T
62. ature Sensor Module box to display the Temperature 1 Options tab window Temperature 1 Options Two selection tabs Options and Graph are shown here but an additional one Trigger will be available on some occasions together with Experiment duration and Sampling rate when Off line experiment mode is being used instead of On line experiment mode 2 6 1 Options tab setup The Options are Display Table When this box is ticked a table of data from the experiment will be displayed Digital When this box is ticked the sensor s value will be displayed in a large digital form Graph When this box is ticked data from the experiment will be displayed in graph form default setting Grid When this box is ticked a series of grid lines will appear on the graph These four options appear for the vast majority of sensors On the right hand side are two radio buttons which for the Temperature sensor allow the units of C or F to be selected by clicking on them Other sensors will have radio buttons from which different ranges and functions can be selected Many of the sensors have several ranges that can be selected similarly Some of the range selecting changes the internal electronics like amplification filtering etc This can done by the computer abilities of each sensor EDU LAB LTD 11 Click the cursor in the box alongside Digital A V sign appears in the box and a Digital window opens as sh
63. buffer and press the sensor s push button for about 3 seconds The reading is calibrated to 7 Alternatively the sensor can be connected to a PC running the Logger Sensors software via the USB Bridge First click on the Module setup button e on the pH sensor s Module box to open its Module setup window Then click on the Calibration icon Eol EDU LAB LTD 158 Specifications operation modes resolution Rate S sec O to 14 16 bit 0 01pH Specifications for the electrode are as follows 16mm OD 30mm Long Epoxy Body Round Bulb ASG VIII pH Glass Sealed Gel filled Single Junction Reference with fibre frit Ag AgCl wire ATC Range Output 0 14 pH mV output with isopotential point at O0 20mv at pH 7 98 of full response in 30 seconds at 25 C 8 13 Relative humidity logger sensor 2 NUL 107 Measuring Relative Humidity this sensor can find use in recording variations with weather conditions and the biological effect on such organisms as seedlings and insects Rel Humidity 1 Rel Humidity 1 Graph Experiment Duration 1 second to 31 days It is located in a plastic box with exposure of the sensor being through a hole in the side Specifications ADC Accuracy Resolution Max Sample operation modes resolution Rate S sec 0 to 95 RH 16 bit digital 5 RH EDU LAB LTD 159 8 14 Heart rate amp pulse logger sensor 42 NUL 108 This sensor can be used to monitor and compare pulse rates under variou
64. c Extrapolation to zero is also available This overlays a best fit straight line on the section of the selected graph between the cursors and provides its equation in the form of Y mX c Extrapolation to zero is also available This calculates and displays the value of the area under the selected graph between the cursors and the line Y 0 Not necessarily the X axis This calculates and displays the value of the gradient of the selected graph at the point of intersection with the purple cursor 1 This overlays a polynomial fit of selectable order between the cursors of the selected graph and displays its equation Click on the down arrow x alongside Linear fit and then select Gradient cursor 1 from the drop down menu shown below Functions Temperature 1 B L inear tit T Linear fit between cursors Area Gradient cursor 1 You will then see the Functions tab window displayed with a Calculate function icon as shown below Functions Temperature 1 a an Gradient cursor 1 EDU LAB LTD 29 Click on the Calculate function icon vou should now see that the Gradient at the point chosen the intersection of the purple cursor with the graph line is indicated as follows Functions Linear fit Linear fit between cursors and Area are not Functions appropriate to use here but will be dealt with in Section 3 3 Area and 3 5 Linear fit Click on the Statistics tab and then the Calculate st
65. click on the Calculate math icon to display the combination of Experiment setup Options Table and Graph and Functions Math tab windows shown below Click and drag the windows as required l Enperitent sebup Opbiotrs Bors hetwork Technobigy Click on the XY Graph tab of the Experiment setup Options window to display its XY Graph tab window shown below Experiment setup XY Graph Now click on the radio button alongside Sensor to display the following window Experiment setup XY Graph EDU LAB LTD 73 Click the down arrow 7 alongside Pressure 1 and select 1 Volume 1 ml to reveal the following Graph window 002 TAC Yodurme 1 Ani Now click back on the Functions tab of the Functions Math tab window to display the Functions Functions window shown below EDU LAB LTD 74 Click on the Calculate function icon and the best fit linear fit graph will be revealed as shown below 0 02 1A volume j 1 Anl The final task is to now extrapolate that graph back to 0 0 to see if it passes through it or nearly so Click on the Extrapolation to zero icon T to display a graph similar to that below Neulog ra Aa a Ret Rich Rie in 50 D H 100 With a straight line graph passing through 0 0 it shows that the Pressure of a fixed mass of air at constant temperature is directly proportional to the Volume occupied by that air an al
66. d as shown below a mi me cee N M work Technology ed vA manaamaan ENEA ai Ti a0 a To Li o Si Kii 20 TF Click on the Display Video icon er on the On Line Experiment Sub icon bar to display additionally the Video Camera Frame in the closed state shown below Set Camera options Open Copy single Stop Camera frame Video Note that the functions of each icon are indicated above but can also be seen by moving the cursor over each on screen icon Click on the Open camera icon and adjust the camera s focusing device to give a sharp image within the Video Camera Frame of you holding the Temperature sensor EDU LAB LTD 92 NOTE If you need to reconfigure the camera or webcam click on the Set Camera options icon oe A window will open similar to that shown below which is from an Viewflex or Extravalue 1 3 Megapixel Snake Webcam USB No driver install required Plug and Play that works fine on both Windows XP and Vista This will be specific to your video camera or webcam so you would need to refer to its reference manual Video Source Capture Source Device Settings Camera Controls Select a Video Device USB Video Device v Cancel Apply Configure if required and then click on its Apply and or OK button s to close the window EDU LAB LTD 93 3 2 Recording playing back and saving experiments with video The next stage would be to make all the key se
67. daylight outdoors It measures Illumination With both fast and slow modes it can be used to measure fast light changes such as those produced by light bulbs connected to an AC supply as well as the near steady levels outside on a sunny day E Light 1 Graph Options Graph Experiment Duration 50 milliseconds to 31 days The light sensor in located in a plastic box just behind an access hole Specifications Range and Resolution Max Sample operation modes resolution Rate S sec TEE 0 to 1 000 Ix 12 bit Illumination O to 6 000 Ix 6x 6x Illumination O to 150 000 Ix 150x 150x Signal O to 1 000 Ix 3000 Signal O to 6 000 Ix 6x o 6x o Signal 0 to 150 000 Ix 150x 150x EDU LAB LTD 156 8 11 Oxygen logger sensor NUL 105 This sensor can be used to make measurements of the level of free oxygen in air or dissolved oxygen in water The Free oxygen in air mode is used to measure changes in oxygen levels during combustion or in reactions that produce oxygen hydrogen peroxide decomposition The Dissolved oxygen mode is useful in the study of photosynthesis To change mode click the Module Setup icon a on the Sensor Module box in Edu Logger software or use the change range option on the Monitor Display Unit Oxygen 1 Graph Experiment Duration 1 second to 31 days The oxygen sensor is designed for use both in the school laboratory and in the field It employs easy to use polarograph
68. e Show functions icon ED select Area click on the Calculate function icon and again would be displayed the value of the area under the graph between the cursors and the line Force 0 00N This value represents the sum of work done by the force pulse W F dt an Click on the Show cursors icon to remove the cursors Both Pre trigger and Post trigger data can be examined in their Table Now click on the Module Setup button Eg of the Force Sensor Module box to display the Force 1 Options tab window shown below Force 1 Options EDU LAB LTD 39 3 3 2 Table of data Click in the box alongside Table to place a tick in it and a Table of data similar to that displayed below will appear Force 1 EBS Use of the scroll bar will allow you to examine both Pre trigger and Post trigger data Click on the Close buttons l in the top right hand corners of both the Force 1 Options window and the Force 1 Table window to close them E Click on the Unzoom all icon to return the graph to the original view Nowclick on the Close button l in the top right hand corner of the Graph window and then on the Close buttons x in the top right hand corners of both the Sub icon and Main icon bars to close them Disconnect the Force sensor a from the USB Bridge Module E but leave the latter connected to the PC EDU LAB LTD 40 3 4 Plotting an XY graph There are a number of experiments in whic
69. e Zoom fit icon Fal to expand the graph in the Y axis direction and obtain a graph like the one below eeeaee HE a 50 1 00 Time Minutes Click on the Pre trigger button amp in the bottom left hand corner of the graph above to see how quickly the Light sensor responded after being triggered Its graph will probably be somewhat similar to that shown below pi i _ fu a hk E 040 0 50 1 00 Time Mirutes Click on the Clear experiment results icon in the Sub icon bar Disconnect the Temperature sensor but leave the Light sensor a and USB Bridge module connected to the PC EDU LAB LTD 115 4 3 Off line experiment mode with a PC 4 3 1 Setting up a single sensor without a trigger Click on the Search for sensors icon in the Main icon bar so that the Light sensor s Module box is displayed in the Module window Click on the Tools icon in the Main icon bar to display the Tools icon bar shown below Adenin M A Click on the Restore sensor factory defaults icon et in the Tool icon bar to reset the Light sensor en its default settings Click the Off line experiment icon ey in the Main icon bar to display the following Graph window Neu Log Neuron Sensors Network Technology q s UL ag r faa 360 oon B50 poo 750 Too 650 boo 550 500 450 so 350 300 350 zbi 150 100 s EDU LAB LTD 116 Click on the Ligh
70. e time differences between the pressing of any sensors Start stop buttons and their independent triggering At Off line experiment mode the sensors could remain connected to the PC As before the sensors can be programmed with different Sampling rates and Experiment durations Again each sensor can be programmed independently to be triggered to record data Starting is enabled by clicking the Run sensors icon g on the PC or by pressing the Start Stop buttons on the sensors so all the sensors start at the same time Stop the experiment by clicking on the Stop measurement icon Bi on the PC by pressing the Start Stop buttons on the sensors or wait for the experiment duration to be completed so the experiment ends automatically Data is then uploaded in order to display and analyse it However all graphs would be overlaid on the longest Time axis with t Os being where each sensor appears to have been triggered The activities in this chapter have been designed merely to show how to operate in this mode and its special features 4 1 The off line experiment mode menu Double click the Edu Logger shortcut icon to display the following On line experiment Search for sensors N e u Log Network Technology Off line experiment Main icon bar EDU LAB LTD 96 Click on the Off line experiment gr icon on the Main icon bar A new Sub icon bar will then be displayed as shown below Clear
71. ect Voltage 1 from the drop down menu if it is not already selected Now click on the Close button amp 3 in the top right hand corner of the Experiment setup XY Graph tab window to close it You should now see that you have a graph window displayed with Voltage along the X axis and Current along the Y axis 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 100 EDU LAB LTD 47 Alternatively you could have plotted the graph with Voltage along the Y axis and Current along the X axis This graph shows us that until 4V the bulb acts as a constant resistance The bulb resistance increases and the current goes down when the bulb turns on 3 4 1 Using the Functions Math tab With both voltage and current data available you can now obtain a graph of how the resistance of the bulb changed with time by generating a graph of voltage across the bulb current flowing through the bulb plotted against Time The math tab window of the functions window provides a number of mathematical functions with which to generate new data from the existing data In this case to calculate the resistance of the bulb Click on the Experiment setup icon in the Sub icon bar to open the Experiment setup Options tab window again Click its XY Graph tab to display the Experiment setup XY Graph tab window below Experiment setup XY Graph Click on the radio button alongside Time to again display the Experiment setup XY Graph tab w
72. elocity mode and is shown in the photograph in the previous page Attach a Triple flag timing card to the model car Click on the Search for sensors icon in the Main icon bar to display the following odul window m a ee Neu Log Neuron Sensors Actwork Technology Photogate 2 Click on the On line Experiment icon in the Main icon bar to display the Table window shown below Photogate Sato ine foe EDU LAB LTD 87 Click on the Experiment setup icon Ta in the Sub icon bar to display additionally the Photogate Time and Velocity mode window displayed below Click on the Status graph mode image of the single photogate with the Triple timing card far right to reveal the Status graph mode window below Click on the down arrow beneath Experiment duration and select 1 second Click in the box alongside Graph to put a tick in it EDU LAB LTD 88 Size the various windows and then click on and drag the Table Graph and the Photogate Status graph mode windows so that all are viewable as shown below Module window N T n wj Jeg eu og Neuron Sensors Network Technology ne A i 2 aana anasa n Photogate 1 Photogate x gt Photogate ras je Click on the Run experiment icon in the Sub icon bar and pass run the model car with the multi flagged timing card through the photogate to obtain results similar to those shown below Modu
73. ensor is to be used in an experiment then the box alongside its name will need to be ticked as indeed it is here for Temperature 1 Un ticking a participating sensor s box will result in its data not being plotted on the graph In some experiments more than two sensors can be in use but one may wish to only display the Y axes of two of them Then the box alongside Display 2 axes only would need to be ticked The two Y axes you wish to be displayed would then be selected by the down arrows alongside With just the one sensor in use you can obviously only have one Y axis displayed so you might as well disable the selection of Display 2 axes only Regardless of ticking the box alongside Display 2 axes only the graph lines of all the participating sensors will be plotted Click the cursor in the box alongside Display 2 axes only to disable its selection and change the Experiment setup Graph tab window to that shown below Experiment setup Graph EDU LAB LTD 19 3 1 3 Trigger setup for on line experiment Click on the Trigger tab in the Experiment setup window to display the Experiment setup Trigger tab window shown below Experiment setup Trigger There are occasions when you want sampling to commence only after a certain event has occurred With a Force sensor this might be when the force exceeds 2 00N or with a Light sensor when the Illuminance falls below 1000 Ix With a Temperature sensor it would be when the temp
74. erature 1 Temperature Throughout the experiment this sensor s values alone will be shown in this table If other sensors had been connected their individual tables could be displayed or as you will see later a table can be displayed with all the sensors values Columns in Table windows can also be changed in width and this is done by clicking on the column header until is displayed holding down the cursor and dragging to enlarge or shrink as required Close this table by clicking again in the box alongside Table EDU LAB LTD 14 Click in the box alongside Grid and note how a grid of feint lines is Superimposed on the graph window as shown below i 5 DR D xi a4 SO s ict ho Lad Neu Log s Neuron Sensors Network Technology 2 SEBeeaawAar Swe aA non emperature 3 ese 8 8s 8 8B Click on the Graph tab to display the Temperature 1 Graph tab window shown below Temperature 1 Graph The Y max and Y min fields set the maximum and minimum Y axis values of a graph display Initially they are set for the total range of each sensor Click on the Y max down arrow VY and change the value to 50 Click on the Y min up arrow A and change the value to 0 Note how the range of the Y axis Temperature now goes from 0 C to 50 C By clicking on the Y axis position arrows pale the position of the Y axis can be moved Click on the Y axis position arrow la and change the value to 30 Note ho
75. erature has risen above or fallen below a particular value lt is the Trigger that enables you to start the data logging only after the event occurs Click in the box alongside the word Trigger so that the Experiment setup Trigger tab window displays as below Experiment setup Trigger If left as displayed in the above window the sampling would start when the temperature rises above 0 C The Level in this case sets the temperature at which triggering occurs Mode allows you to select whether it is a Fall below or a Rise above You can Trigger the start of data logging with any of the sensors that have been connected selecting as appropriate via the down arrow _ lalongside the sensor s name Here of course you only have a temperature sensor connected Click in the box alongside Level delete the 0 and type in 30 If the box alongside Mode does not already indicate Rise click on the down arrow 7 and select Rise EDU LAB LTD 20 Then do not do it following the Run experiment icon g being clicked data logging would be triggered when the Temperature 1 sensor registers a rise of temperature taking it above 30 C A triggered setup will be used in running an experiment with a Force sensor in Section 3 4 Click in the box alongside Trigger to disable this mode 3 1 4 XY Graph and selecting the units of time on the X axis In the simplest situations you will use just one sensor and the gra
76. ett wavend denen eve eehinnaeaa nated ieee 149 8 2 Battery Module Bar LOO cuda 3cahientlaastenbantie cicatienbien lars eet abintatinsiaementiatteniees 149 8 3 RF Communication module RF 100 cccccceseeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseesesseeeseesesseeees 150 8 4 Digital display module VIEW 100 cccccceseeeeceeeeeseeeeeeeeeeseeeeseeeesseeeseeenseeeess 150 8 5 Graphic display module VIEW 101 ce cecccceeeeeeeeeeceeeeeseeeeseeessaeeesaeeesaaeeesaes 150 8 6 MONRO GISDIAY UIT SX Osr aE 152 8 7 Voltage l0g9g96r sensor NUL TO Tisos 153 8 8 Gurrentlogger sensor NUL TOZ oetsse tintin utr erideaieadeute niles 154 8 9 Temperature logger sensor NUL 103 cccceecessecceseeseesenseeseeeessesenseeseusensess 154 8 10 Light logger sensor NUL 104 cc ceccescesseseeseeseesesseeeeseesesenseeseeeneesenseeseneens 155 8 11 Oxygen logger sensor NUL 105 ceecceseceseseeceeeeeseseeseeeeseueeseaesenseeensaeseneas 156 8 12 PRH logger sensor NUL 10Gsicsstisiwisnedanteintubiviniealindtiviohealediiebeele dived 157 8 13 Relative humidity logger sensor NUL 107 ccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeseeeeseeeeaeeens 158 8 14 Heart rate amp pulse logger sensor NUL 108 cc cceeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeaeees 159 8 15 Photo gate logger sensor NUL 109 ee ceeccsseeseeseeseesesessetseseeseesensenseneens 160 8 16 Pressure logger sensor NUL 110 cc ceecessecceseeseeseeseesesesseeeeaeeseesensenseaeens 164
77. evels of colour components red green and blue of a solution Another option is to measure the solution absorbance of each colour component The colorimeter logger sensor has an opening for a special square solution tube The colorimeter turns on 3 different lights RGB in known values and measures the received light that passes through the solution This sensor has two modes of operation Colorimeter 1 Colorimeter 1 Options Colorimeter 1 Graph Colorimeter 1 Experiment Duration 1 second to 31 days Specifications Range and ADC Resolution Max caro operation modes resolution Sse R G B 10 bit 10 01 0 4 absorbance 0 01 abs Note The tube must be put in a certain way inside the colorimeter The tube has one rough side This side should not be in the line of the light EDU LAB LTD 173 8 25 CO logger sensor NUL 120 This logger sensor is based on an electromechanical reaction between COs gas and the sensor The result of the electromechanical reaction is voltage measured by the logger sensor The measure units are ppm parts of COs per million of air CO 1 Options E CO 1 Graph Experiment Duration 1 second to 31 days Specifications Range and ADC Resolution Max Sample operation modes resolution Rate S sec 350 10 000 ppm Note The sensor must be calibrated before every use according to the following simple procedure Con
78. f a filament light bulb where A is the voltage across the bulb and B the current flowing through it These functions allow one to deal with most data processing The data can also be exported into a spreadsheet for further manipulation and processing Triggering is available to start data logging when a particular sensor s measured value falls or rises below or above a set level When triggering has been selected a Pre trigger display is made available on the graphs and in the tables so that sensor values just before the triggering took place can also be seen This is particularly useful when looking at how the voltage across a coil changes when a magnet falls through it A video with play back facility is provided via a webcam so that data can be collected synchronized with a video of the process These can be saved for future use Worksheets incorporating setup details photographs and diagrams can be developed and displayed and saved with or without a Setup Configuration Note Additional features will be incorporated in later versions of Logger Sensors and more sensors are being developed Revised versions of the software will be provided free to download as they become available EDU LAB LTD 5 1 6 About this User Guide This User Guide was designed to go through one complete chapter at a time Instructions to do things click on a button or an icon plug in a sensor etc are indicated by a bullet e Logger Sensors softw
79. f the sensors Start stop buttons However in this mode each sensor can be programmed independently to be triggered to record data as well as having their Start stop buttons pressed at different times Five experiments can be stored in each sensor Reconnection of the sensors to a PC or the MDU is required to upload the data and analyse it However all graphs would be overlaid on the longest Time axis with t Os being where each sensor appears to have been triggered Hence it does not take into account the time differences between the pressing of any sensors Start stop buttons and their independent triggering The sensors can remain connected to the PC at Off line experiment mode As before the sensors can be programmed with different Sampling rates and Experiment durations Again each sensor can be programmed independently to be triggered to record data Starting and stopping can be done either by clicking on relevant icons on the PC or by pressing the Start Stop buttons on the sensors Data is then uploaded in order to display and analyse it Collected data in both modes is stored in the sensors internal memories to be displayed as required on a PC or in digital number format on the MDU Each sensor has an ID number that can be changed when necessary through software This would be needed if you were using an array of the same type of sensor i e several temperature sensors and needed to see what was happening on each one All
80. h two sensors are used and their data plotted not against Time but with what the two sensors have measured plotted against each other Examples of this are graphs of i the Voltage across a component e g resistor light emitting diode or bulb against the current flowing through it and ii the Pressure of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume against the Temperature of that gas In the following experiment you will be looking at the first of these two examples as a small filament light bulb is switched on You will be connecting up the circuit shown below Circuit diagram This circuit is ideally mounted on a box so that there are sockets available for the sensors to be plugged into The ideal switch is a microswitch with lever and the bulb an m e s tubular 6 5V 300mA The battery should be a 6V one and here it has been placed inside the box A photograph of such a setup Is shown below Connect a Voltage sensor EW to one of the sockets of the USB Bridge module t using a Edu Logger short cable Connect a Current sensor to either the other socket of the USB Bridge module t or to that of the Voltage sensor using a Edu Logger short cable Plug the Voltage sensor s red and black 4mm plugs into the sockets across the bulb red plug to red socket and black plug to black socket Plug the Current sensor s red and black 4mm plugs into the other two sockets red plug to red socket and black plug to black socket EDU L
81. he Sub icon bar The message Waiting for Trigger will appear on the screen EDU LAB LTD 35 Position a model car about 30cm up the runway Then release it letting it collide with the Force sensor at the foot of the runway but catching it as it bounces off You should now have displayed a Force against Time graph similar to that shown below ecoen oaawebkhtv KR HMOeOenNWwWenanee You will see that there is a new button the Pre Trigger button just below the 0 of the X axis Clicking on this button will allow you to see what was happening at and just before the Trigger was activated Click on the Pre Trigger button amp to display a slightly extended graph as shown below 4 4 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 4 2 3 4 4 4 a 4 4 Do not do it but clicking on the Unzoom all icon amp would return you to the original graph EDU LAB LTD 36 Click on the Zoom fit icon Fal to enlarge the graph as shown on the following page 3 3 1 Area under graph With such a Force against Time graph the Impulse on impact can be calculated from the area under the section of graph that shows the impact down to the line where the Force 0 00N Click on the Show cursors icon and move the two cursors so that the purple cursor is positioned where the force just starts to rise and the green cursor where the force has returned to zero as shown in the graph below M1 O01 26004 ArXe005 Yi
82. he Sub icon bar indicates the use of Microsoft Excel you can export to any spreadsheets that make use of CSV Comma Separated Values data format such as Lotus 123 Softmaker Planmaker or OpenOffice To do this you would click on the Export to Excel file icon in the Sub icon bar to open folders such as those in the next page Microsoft XP left Vista right in which to save the data file It may have other files already saved in it EDU LAB LTD 134 PK gt Save As Seven Ji Ewemets 0am Name Date modified Type Size Tags 68 Light bulb resistance Save in O Experiments De Boyle s Law LE i 4 ay Recent Places Desktop My Network File name Places Save as type Excel File These folders additionally allow you to save in the CSV file format too as you would see if you had clicked on the down arrow 1 alongside Save as type to display the following again Microsoft XP left and Vista right Save As Save in O Experiments aa 2 S Boyle s Law My Recent Documents Desktop gt Save As Savein Ji Experiments e Daa Name Date modified Type Size Tags a Light bulb resistance a Recent Places Desktop Uj My Documents My Computer My Network File name z Places Save as type Excel File Excel File CSV File x el File CSV File If you have Microsoft Excel on your PC you would then select Excel File but otherwise
83. he recorded pressures Add on the extra volume of air that is in the connecting tubing probably about 3ml A Table window similar to that shown below should now appear You can move click on and drag the various windows about if sections are being obscured Click on the Show function icon to display the Functions tab window shown below Functions At this stage you will need to ensure that the calculations that are about to be made are dealt with to a sensible precision The measurements of Volume were to two significant figures so those of any calculations using them should also be to two significant figures EDU LAB LTD 71 Click on the Tools icon in the Main icon bar to display the Tools icon bar shown below Ignore the other boxes and icons here They will be dealt with in Chapter 8 Significant figures a fesh Bl me o f necessary click on the up arrow lor down arrow Y1 to set the significant figures to 2 in the Significant figures field indicated above 3 5 5 Using the functions math tab to operate on data Now click the Math tab of the Functions window to display the Functions Math tab window shown below In box A click on the down arrow lalongside Pressure 1 and select Volume Inthe box alongside log A click on the down arrow land select 1 A The Functions Math tab window should now be displayed as shown below Pressure 1 EDU LAB LTD 72 Now
84. hototransistor on the other side Specifications Range and ADC Accuracy Resolution Max Sample operation modes resolution Rate S sec 16 bit 100 uS 100 uS 10 000 Double timing card with one photogate timing Double timing card with one photogate digital E ngle ming care wi big shoiogaies Single timing card with two photogates Digital status one photogate s_ s EDU LAB LTD 164 8 16 Pressure logger sensor 2 NUL 110 This sensor can be used to monitor chemical reactions that involve gases and to investigate both Boyle s Law and the Pressure Law for ideal gases It can also prove useful in studies of weather phenomena Pressure 1 Pressure 1 Graph Pressure 1 Experiment Duration 1 second to 31 days The pressure sensor is located in a plastic box The sensing part is connected to a small stainless steel tube for connection to pressure sources such as a syringe via an adapter Specifications Oto 700kPa to 700 Oto 700kPa Oto7bar to 7 Oto7bar EET T bit 10 01 atm 100 Oto 100psi 20 C 30 C 0 1 kPa 0 01bar_ 0 01 bar EDU LAB LTD 165 8 17 Force logger sensor g NUL 111 This sensor can measure the mass to weight relationship and study how different pulley systems affect the effort needed to lift weights It can also be used to measure push pull forces and impacts X Force 1 Graph Options Graph Experiment Duration 50ms to 31
85. hown below NeuLog Neuron Sensors Network Technology xl ru wu 5 wee reka PRhotogate Photogate ASAD 1 v gt PhotoGale Now click on the Stop experiment icon EJ in the Sub icon bar Click on the Clear experiment results icon w in the Sub icon bar Disconnect only the lower photogate Kl from the USB Bridge module l This mode can be used to measure velocities and momentum in collision Use the Scroll down arrow and change acceleration to velocity The table will show four columns Module window N Lal if lt N e u Log Neuron Sensors Network Technology Ea Sij yee ee eke RS a Sy SE Photogate 1 Photogate TPg UR u s DE Photogate EJ Yoc 101 m s Velocity ID2 m s Momentum ID1 ka m s Momentum ID2 ka m s Fields for the carts mass are opened too EDU LAB LTD 85 Write the carts mass in the fields Push two carts against each other so they will collide after they pass through the gates and then return again through the gates ae NA The table will show the velocity and the momentum of each cart before and after the collision 3 6 4 Status graph mode This mode produces a graph showing how the digital status O or 1 of the photogate changes with time as a Timing card passes through sls j E laa ae e ee Wnodule EDU LAB LTD 86 The apparatus setup required now is much like that used for the Time and V
86. ic Clark technology and replaceable membranes are available for it The electrode itself is constructed of Delrin for durability With its integral thermistor it provides dependable temperature compensated measurements The thermistor is housed in stainless steel and sealed on the electrode s outer wall providing fast accurate readings The installation and replacement of the membrane is quick and easy Simply fill the membrane cap assembly with DO electrolyte and screw it into place Two membrane cap assemblies are included with each sensor Store in de ionised water between measurements and overnight Long term dissemble rinse in de ionised water and store dry Sensor Calibration Calibration of the probe is simply achieved in open air taking this as a standard level of 20 9 First connect the sensor to a voltage source the USB Bridge plugged into a PC Edu Logger s Monitor Display Unit or Battery Unit and wait for stabilization of the readings about 2 minutes Press the push button on the sensor s box for about 3 seconds when the readings are stable The sensor will then be calibrated at 20 9 Alternatively the sensor can be connected to a PC running the Logger Sensors software via the USB module First click on the Module setup icon BS on the Oxygen sensor s Module box to open its Module setup window Then click on the Calibration icon Eol This is an assumed stable level in the Earth s atmosphere at sea level EDU LA
87. icant figures is set with the up arrow l and down arrow I of the Significant figures field on the Tools icon bar 7 6 Restore USB The Logger Sensors software searches automatically for the first free USB port The software is limited to a USB port no larger than 8 lf a USB port was used in the past the PC sees it as still in use even if it is not used T e The Restore USB field enables selection of a USB port that was previously used Usually you will not need to use this function 7 7 Language Select The Mi used within the Edu Logger software can be changed by clicking on the Help icon in the Main icon bar to reveal the Tools icon bar shown below A SIH English PDF By clicking on the down arrow alongside the national flags of Spain and the United Kingdom in the Language select field Er I English or Spanish can be selected All the words and phrases are then put into the selected language EDU LAB LTD 149 Chapter 8 Logger Sensors Modules This chapter deals with details of the Logger Sensors and associated modules and their special features A sensor s Operating Range is denoted by the Y max and Y min values specified The Sampling Rates of the sensors cover two ranges i from 10 000 samples per second to 1 per hour and ii from 100 samples per second to 1 per hour Not all sensors can be sampled at fast rates as some do not respond quickly In On line Experiment mode all the
88. ication module into the USB Bridge module s USB B socket with the latter plugged into a PC Communication is then as if the sensor s were connected directly The RF module has also an ID number Two RF modules that communicate with each other should have the same ID number How to setup the RF module ID number is explained in section 7 3 Notes Only two RF modules with the same ID number should be used in a classroom The PC does not require any Wi Fi or Bluetooth installation 5 2 RF With aPC and Groups of sensors We can use one PC with up to nine groups of sensors operated as described in section 5 1 Each group of sensors and battery module have an RF module with a different ID number connected to them The PC can address each group at a time by setting the ID number of the PC RF module to the required group RF module ID number EDU LAB LTD 131 5 3 RF with the Monitor Display Unit MDU Battery module y RF Communications modules Light sensor Monitor Display Unit For communication between a single sensor or chain of sensors and the Monitor Display Unit MDU simply plug the sensor s and RF Communication module into a Battery module via its USB B socket Then at the MDU end plug another RF Communication module into its USB B socket Communication is then as if the sensor s were connected directly Whilst connection can be made in this way over up to 30m within a building or around bui
89. idity logger sensor NUL 131 cccccccsecceeeceeeceesseeeeeeeceeeseeeseeeseesseeeseeees 182 8 35 UVA JOgger sensor INU IGT B28 sata rcesots sacnceis a eink aerate onetnaaoue 183 8 36 Surface temperature logger sensor NUL 133 cccecsseeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeesaeeees 184 8 37 Wide Range logger sensor NUL 134 cc ecceccessecseseeseesesseeseusensesenseeseasensess 185 Appendix A Edu Logger Modules ccccccceeseeeeneeeeeseeeeseeeeaeeeeaaeeeeaseseaneeneneeenenenes 186 A 1 Accessory IMOGUICS eessen 186 A 2 Logger sensors MOC SS scssi en cine Since ated yes E As edecateeec ates 187 EDU LAB LTD Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1 About data loggers and sensors In science experiments various values are measured such as temperature light sound voltage current distance velocity acceleration oxygen percentage in air or in solution pH etc Most of the measured values are analogue which change successively The device that measures them is electronic so the value is changed into an electrical signal This device is called a sensor or transducer There is a specific sensor for each value The electrical signal is then converted into digital form in order to be displayed or computerized by a component called ADC Analogue to Digital Converter Digital numbers are changed in steps The ADC resolution determines the size of the steps The higher the resolution the smaller the steps while the accuracy
90. iments Click on Light 1 to start the Light sensor s data logging and move the Light sensor e about so that different levels of Illumination are sensed When the Light sensor s LED has gone out again click the Run sensors icon amp in the Sub icon bar and in response click on Temperature 1 to start its data logging After about 30 seconds move the Temperature sensor s rod into the cold water l ae Now click on the Load data from sensors icon aJ in the Sub icon bar and note the following message All last experiments Temperature 1 Light 1 Experiments Click on All to display graphs similar to those shown below r T A f Faj Pol Qala eo 5 Ix 1 000 960 900 850 a f I OF k pi a T u 100 35 pa 90 4 an ae ale 65 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 4 o 10 AG 20 Note that both graphs begin at Time Os even though the Temperature sensor did not start its data logging until after the Light sensor had finished its data logging The graphs do no take into account such time differences in this mode lf you had clicked on Temperature 1 just the Temperature graph would have been displayed Similarly if you had clicked on Light 1 then just the Illuminance graph would have been displayed Although not a sensible one to plot here you could also have plotted an XY graph of Temperature against Illumination as outlined in Section 3 5 EDU LAB LTD 121 As i
91. indow as shown below Experiment setup XY Graph Options Graph Trigger XY Graph Q eons O Click on the Close button amp 3 in the top right hand corner of the Experiment setup XY Graph tab window to close it again EDU LAB LTD 48 Click on the Show functions icon to display the Functions tab window Click on its Math tab to display the Math tab window and using the down arrows T and scroll bar as necessary select as shown on the next page K would provide the value of a constant negative or positive if one had been required it isn t Now click the Calculate math icon D to display a graph of how the Resistance of the bulb changed with time and the slightly changed Functions Math tab window shown below EDU LAB LTD 49 Click on the Close button in the top right hand corner of the Functions Math tab window to close it and you should now see displayed the original graphs of Voltage against Time and Current against Time and an additional graph in blue of Voltage Current against Time as shown below lt Ea x gt oc n es pa 3 AARAA EAN mA 2 200 A b ay a gt O NU A8 AA HNI ang a N U GAUN This last graph is of course the resistance of the bulb plotted against Time It has slightly odd units of V mA or Volts milliamperes which equates to kilohms We can see how the resistance of the bulb goes up when the bulb turns on
92. into either the socket on the Light sensor e or the unused one on the USB Bridge module using an additional Edu Logger short cable Click on the Search for sensors icon so in the Main icon bar so that both sensors Module boxes are displayed in the Module window Click on the Tools icon in the Main icon bar to display the Tools icon bar shown below Click on the Restore sensor factory defaults icon in the Tool icon bar to reset both the Light sensor and the Temperature sensor to their default settings EDU LAB LTD 118 Sy bi Click the Off line experiment icon ey in the Main icon bar to display the Graph window displayed below tochale wiria is i ee ee NeuLog Reuron Sensors Network Technology i n Temperature 1 1 ag EE E Light 1 este gg eee 282R F328 88 Fey e amp 8 8 E amp se Ss a oe ee i J i eae Bae feast A i Click on the Temperature sensor s Module setup button Ce to display the Temperature 1 Options window below Temperature 1 Options f 10 seconds v f 10 per second v Check that the radio button is set to Celsius Use the down arrow BS alongside Experiment duration and set this at 1 minute Use the down arrow alongside Sampling rate and set this at 30 per minute Ignore the Graph tab as its settings are not stored in the sensor s memory Also ignore the Trigger tab as no Trigger is to be set here Close the Temperature 1 Options
93. into the Battery module uw l If you have a digital display module VIEW 100 you can connect it to the chain 4 2 2 Running a single sensor without a trigger NOTE Take care In this experiment you will be using hot water Pour about 200ml of hot water at about 60 C into a 250ml beaker Pour about 200ml of cold water at a temperature below that of the laboratory room into another 250ml beaker Press the Start Stop button on the Temperature sensor Its red light emitting diode LED will turn ON The sensor will have started sampling the temperature 10 times per second for 30 seconds and is recording the data in its internal memory After about 5 seconds insert the Temperature sensor rod into hot water After about a further 10 seconds take the Temperature sensor rod out of the hot water and insert it into the cold water After 30 seconds the red LED will turn OFF The data logging is complete Pressing the Start Stop button sooner would have also stopped the data logging Remove the Temperature sensor from the cold water Unplug the Temperature sensor Fy with its Edu Logger short cable from the Battery Unit uw and reconnect it to the USB Bridge module Check that the PC is still in Off line Experiment mode and click on the Load data from Lal sensors icon g in the Sub icon bar and note the following message Temperature 1 Experiments Clicking on Experiments will show the list of stored experiments in the senso
94. is higher A data logger is a device that includes an ADC for reading values from several sensors and records this data in its internal memory Usually it has a display for viewing the measured values graphically The data logger can be connected to a PC for exporting the recorded data to Excel files or for saving it in files and viewing it on the screen The data logger s capability is characterized by the number of sensors that can be connected to it simultaneously tts memory size its ADC resolution level and its sampling rate Its inputs are suited to all available sensors and also to sensors that will be developed in the future The data logger software analyses lab Ltd all available sensors 2 1 2 About logger sensors The logger sensors system is rather different from almost all other educational data loggers in that its sensors incorporate their own individually programmable microprocessors and have memory Hence each sensor can be viewed as a data logger in its own right recording and storing data independently and can be referred to as logger sensors but within this guide they will just be called sensors r aA sensor i a AP ut as Resistor Figure 1 1 Voltage Current Measurement Experiment To program the sensors they need to be connected to either a PC or to a logger sensors Monitor Display Unit MDU They can be connected singly or in a chain The order of connection does not matter and they can be added or
95. keep it pressed move the mouse cursor to the right and down below the graph A rectangle should appear as shown below 15 Time Now release the mouse button The part of the graph trapped in the rectangle should now be displayed in the Graph window as shown below SEES an an 4 ay a 34 15 7 Time Note that both the X axis and Y axis have been changed to the extent of the rectangle Click on the Change to point line icon and note its effect Now click again on the icon to return the graph to its original state Click on the Unzoom all icon iQ This should have returned the graph to the original view Click on the Zoom fit icon Eal to obtain a graph similar to that on the next page EDU LAB LTD 25 ih oe 4 66 ea 2 DE 5 55 54 52 HE 4 ae i 2 y a 4i i 3 wi 54 y i H 28 2 24 n a h H Note that this has expanded the graph vertically so that the Y axis scale maximum is just above the highest value of temperature obtained and the Y axis scale minimum is just below the lowest value of temperature obtained Pesi Again click on the Unzoom all icon to return the graph to the original view When more than one graph is displayed i e when using several sensors Zoom fit for a particular sensor can also be performed Click on the Module Setup button Eg of the Temperature Sensor Module box to display the Temperature 1 Optio
96. ldings it is likely to be much less EDU LAB LTD 132 Chapter 6 Saving Loading Printing amp Exporting to a Spreadsheet 6 1 Saving If an Experiments folder has not already been created to both Save and Load files from it is essential that you make one It would best be located in the Edu Logger Docs folder Saving the files of data from experiments in both On line and Off line experiment modes simply involves clicking on the Save experiment icon in their respective Sub icon bars to open a folder similar to those shown below Microsoft XP left Vista right mm Save in S Experiments FEE Seii J Epemens i i ck Be 4 2 E 100 Ohm resistor k Name Datetaken Tags Size Rating 4d E Boyles law re My Recent 33 bulb switch on Recert Places Documents a hot and cold Tempereture exp E Slight bulb w W offlineB light and temp Desktop E pressure temperature __ Light bulb exp Desktop My Documents 3 My Computer a 3 My Network File name File name laces Save as type Experiment File i Save as type Expenmert File Into the box alongside File name type an appropriate name which will enable you to recognise what it contains The Save as type should automatically be Experiment File 6 2 Loading Loading data files from experiments in both On line and Off line experiment modes involves first clicking on the Open experiment ico
97. le window Pie ex Neu Log Meuron Sensors Network Technology Photogate as praegast Tonan aay n l l 5 5 Phatogate Photogate Click on the Stop experiment icon EJ in the Sub icon bar EDU LAB LTD 89 You may have noticed that the Graph window has a Pre trigger button in its lower left hand corner Click on this Pre trigger button to show as below that a change of Status from Digital 0 to Digital 1 started the data logging Module window e m m ee NEE O O A l l 5A Th Photogate EN xi ZSapraa aww A Photogate Photagate Status 00360 N aos 0400 0 0420 0 0440 CEE EN 0 0600 5 aa a 2 a R a k 5 a 3 ms umji F Eo TT Y EET s ai Without the timing card interrupting the photogate beam the Status is 0 and when it interrupts the beam it is 1 The O is indicated by a voltage output from the photogate a little above OV and the 1 by a voltage output of near 5V Now click on the Close buttons in the top right hand corners of the Status graph Table and Photogate mode windows to close them Then click on the Close buttons x in the top right hand corners of both the Tools icon and Main icon bars to close them Disconnect the w A from the USB Bridge module Li but leave the USB Bridge module connected to the PC EDU LAB LTD 90 3 Video record play back and save with data The Logger Sensors software allows y
98. ly and then click the OK button Return the Y axis to 7 position Now close the Temperature 1 Options tab window by clicking on the Close button in its top right hand corner EDU LAB LTD 16 3 1 Setting up an on line experiment 3 1 1 Options for on line experiment setup In this mode the sensors always start with a series of default settings and a cleared dataset regardless of what was previously in their memories This is very different to the situation with Off line mode see Chapter 4 where the sensors retain their last settings Before running an experiment you will need to set the Experiment duration Sampling rate and Participating sensor s Click on the Experiment setup icon in the Sub icon bar to open the Experiment setup Options tab window within the Graph window as shown below Experiment setup Options Options Graph Trigger XY Graph f 10 seconds k f 10 per second v You will be making use of the Graph option and by default it displays as enabled by a tick v in the box alongside Graph Click the cursor in the box alongside Table a tick will appear in it and the Table window shown below also opens within the Graph window i Table The data from the Temperature 1 sensor will be displayed in such a table If other sensors were connected columns would be generated for their data too This is very different from the table created for each separate sensor which w
99. maximum value Blood pressure 1 Blood pressure 1 Blood pressure 1 Options X Elood pressure 1 Graph Blood pressure 1 Experiment Duration 1 second to 31 days Specifications W F JL 250 mm Hg 10 bi 0 30 mm Hg 0 250 Arb 0 30 mm Hg 0 250 mm Hg Arb 0 30 mm Hog EDU LAB LTD 176 8 28 Flow logger sensor NUL 124 This sensor measures water flow It includes a rotation wheel that rotates when water flows through it The sensor has inlet and outlet pipes The wheel is floating on a bearing and is not connected mechanically to anything else Its speed is measured by magnetic field changes Flow rate 1 Options EJ Flow rate 1 Graph How rate 1 Experiment Duration 1 second to 31 days Specifications l C 0 4 7 m s 10 bit 0 0001m s EDU LAB LTD 177 if NUL 125 This sensor measures heavy weight or forces We can stand or jump on tt 8 29 Force plate logger sensor Handles can be connected to its plates for measuring pulling forces x Force plate 1 Graph Force plate 1 Options Force plate 1 Experiment Duration 1 second to 31 days Specifications 800 3500 N Poet omn 100 EDU LAB LTD 178 med NUL 126 This sensor measures angles rotation speed or rotation acceleration 8 30 Rotary motion logger sensor The sensor has a pulley connected to its shaft and the pulley rotation is measured This sensor has three
100. n On line experiment mode you also have access to Zoom fit Functions etc Click on the Clear experiment results icon EJ in the Sub icon bar Unplug the Light sensor g but leave the Temperature sensor E onnected to the USB Bridge module ana the latter still plugged into the PC 4 3 5 Setting up a single sensor with trigger Click on the Search for sensors icon 0 in the Main icon bar so that the Temperature sensor s Module box is displayed in the Module window Click on the Tools icon in the Main icon bar to display the Tools icon bar shown below lt i BS mo 2 Click on the Restore sensor factory defaults icon et in the Tool icon bar to reset the Temperature sensor B its default settings Click the Off line experiment icon ey in the Main icon bar to display the following Graph window Sodule window mi lw F N eu Log Neuron Sensors Selwork Technology z zs x 7am Ss 2 ok Oo T w OO 95 30 85 lt i 75 70 BS ED 55 50 45 UE 35 H 2b 20 15 10 s 0 5 10 45 20 EDU LAB LTD 122 Click on the Temperature sensor s Module Setup button Ce to display the Light 1 Options tab window shown on the following page Temperature 1 Options Jf 10 seconds v f 10 per second v Check that the radio button is set to Celsius Use the down arrow alongside Experiment duration to set it to 1 minute Use the down arrow
101. n bar shown below Click on the Save configuration icon in the Tools icon bar Navigate to the Experiments folder and open it Into the box alongside File name type Respiration of Maggots The Save as type should be Experiment File It should appear similar to that shown below T Save As i Save in E Experiments ce Save in Ji Expenments Dam 100 Ohm resistor LS Name Date modif Type Size Tags E Boyles law oe Light bulb E bulb switch on RecertPlaces 9 gt E Ick peed ok __ Temperature exp Blight bulb a m light variation Desktop Desktop fe offlineB light and temp ni El pressure temperature Chris A Computer A lt Network File name Respiration of Maggotd X Fie name Respiration of Maggots X Save as type Experiment File Save as type Experiment Fie X Now click the Save button Close the Graph window by clicking on the Close button amp 3 in its top right hand corner Now click the Close buttons x at the right hand ends of both the Tools icon bar and the Main icon bar O Finally disconnect the Oxygen sensor o from the USB Bridge module t and the USB Bridge module from the PC This would now be set up ready for the user to load the activity by first clicking on the Tools Ga P on icon in the Main icon bar and then on the Load activity icon J in the Tools icon bar He she then locates the Respiration of Maggots file in
102. n click on the Trigger tab to display the Temperature 1 Trigger tab window It should now display its default settings as shown below Temperature 1 Trigger Click on the Close button amp 3 of the Temperature 1 Trigger tab window to close tt 7 4 Producing and saving instructions with and without the software configuration Whilst very often it is easier to produce instructions on paper based worksheets there are occasions when it is helpful to be able to display on a PC in conjunction with Edu Logger This can be done in two ways i brief or detailed instructions but without automatically saving the configuration of the setup and ii to save the current configuration of the software including the experiment setup the used windows and their location together with information for the user The latter is useful when you would want to repeat an experiment and do not want to have to set everything up from the beginning again EDU LAB LTD 141 7 4 1 Producing and saving with the software configuration Before using this function a document file doc docx wps odt tmd rtf pdf etc with information for the user must be prepared using a word processor or similar application An example is provided on the following two pages Investigating the Respiration of Maggots Introduction Aerobic respiration is the process in which glucose and oxygen through the action of enzymes in mitochondria produce carbon dioxide
103. n in their respective Sub icon bars to open a folder similar to those shown below Microsoft XP left Vista right Open id gt Open Look ir E Experiments Look in Ji Bpeimets amp eS c E aap 100i paitsio p Name Date taken Tags Size Rating EG kj Boyles law a My Recent E bulb switch on Hart Placis Documents Ef hot and cold __ Temperature exp E ight bub E light variation Desktop E offlineB ght and temp Ef pressure temperature Light bulb exp My Documents 43 J wl File name o O 2j fE periment Fie files of type Eqenment File EDU LAB LTD 133 The appropriate file is then clicked on to highlight it and then the Open button clicked The Files of type should be displayed as Experiment file The highlighted file of data will then be loaded into Edu Logger The same routine is used for saving and loading video files that are associated with experiments though information on that is also provided in Section 3 6 2 Recording playing back and saving experiments with video 6 3 Printing Obviously a printer must be connected To print a graph from an experiment in either On line or Off line experiment mode the Print icon en on the Sub icon bar needs to be clicked This will only print the graph If other windows within Edu Logger require printing press the PrtSc Print Screen key on the PC s keyboard to put an image of the whole of the screen into the Clipboard
104. n the LED has stopped flashing on the Temperature sensor click on the Load data Ll from sensors icon 4J in the Sub icon bar to display a Graph window similar to that shown below fra f P a TE ih BO 55 So 4 40 35 38 2 ra 15 10 5 o 10 15 20 Click on the Pre trigger button amp near the bottom left hand corner of the graph to show what the temperature sensor was recording just before and at the time data logging was triggered to start The Graph window should look similar to that displayed on the following page EDU LAB LTD 124 Bee een SZ BBRERBRERERSRERER Zid Ie Time Click on the Clear experiment results icon in the Sub icon bar NOTE Leave the Temperature sensor connected to the PC via the USB Bridge module 4 3 7 Setting up two sensors with triggers Plug the Light sensor e into either the socket on the Temperature sensor or the unused one on the USB Bridge module using an additional Edu Logger short cable Click on the Search for sensors icon Tol in the Main icon bar so that both sensors Module boxes are displayed in the Module window Click on the Tools icon in the Main icon bar to display the Tools icon bar shown below Click on the Restore sensor factory defaults icon in the Tool icon bar to reset both the Light sensor and the Temperature sensor to their default settings EDU LAB LTD 125 Click the Off line experiment
105. nect the sensor to the PC through a USB module or to a battery module Wait for two minutes to warm the sensor and press the pushbutton switch on the CO2 logger sensor for 3 seconds EDU LAB LTD 174 NUL 121 This sensor measures atmospheric barometric pressure using a barometer pressure sensor In it 8 26 Barometer logger sensor This sensor has four common ranges for displaying atmospheric pressure KPa Kilo Pascal Atm Atmospheres in hg Mercury in inches The fourth range is the altitude in meters The highest barometric pressure is on the sea level when we go up the pressure goes down Barometer 1 Barometer 1 Barometer 1 Barometer 1 Options Barometer L Granh Barometer 1 Experiment Duration 1 second to 31 days Specifications olution 0 80 1 00 Atm 0 01 Atm 23 60 31 30 in hg 0 01 in hg 380 1950 m 0 1m EDU LAB LTD 175 8 2 Blood pressure logger sensor B NUL 122 The sensor measures the pressure in the air pillow wrapped on the tested person s arm Heartbeats affect the blood pressure That is the reason for the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure of the tested person The sensor has three ranges 1 The average pressure in the air pillow in mm Hg 2 The pressure beats with no units 3 The sum of the two above signals The two parameters of the blood pressure are the average pressure where the pressure beats are 10 of their
106. ns tab window to close it i Now click on the On line experiment icon Se in the Main icon bar to display the Graph window shown below To i NGATI oTe ji Neuron Sensors Network Technology lt zi isl s7 vor 24 Si Tona Annn any a Log 0 een ee bveKR Ha SO eaNHweneaeneese Click on the Experiment setup icon a to open the Experiment setup Options tab window displayed below Experiment setup Options ff 10 seconds v f 10 per second Y Click on the down arrow ad alongside Experiment duration and select 1 second Click on the down arrow E alongside Sampling rate and select 100 per second the fastest allowable rate with that duration EDU LAB LTD 34 Now click on the Trigger tab to open the Experiment setup Trigger tab window below Experiment setup Trigger Click in the box alongside the word Trigger so that the Experiment setup Trigger tab window displays as shown below Experiment setup Trigger Click the cursor in the box alongside Level delete 0 and type in 1 Leave the Mode as Rise so that it displays as shown below Experiment setup Trigger Click on the Close button in the top right hand corner of the Experiment setup Trigger tab window to close it It is now set up so that after initially clicking on the Run experiment icon g data logging will only begin once the force rises above 1N Click on the Run experiment icon g in t
107. ns tab window shown below Temperature 1 Options Click on the Graph tab to display the Temperature 1 Graph tab window shown below Temperature 1 Graph EDU LAB LTD 26 Now click on its Zoom fit icon p and you should see that this has performed the same task as the other Zoom fit icon Fel Close the Temperature 1 Graph tab window by clicking on the Close button EJ in its top right hand corner Again click on the Unzoom all icon 1 amp 4 to return the graph to the original view 3 2 2 Using cursors The Show cursors icon enables you to put two movable horizontally vertical cursors lines onto the Graph window Click on the Show cursors icon below to display the graph with the two cursors shown The values at the bottom left hand corner of the graph indicate for the graph above X1 7 28s and Y1 53 56 C values where the first purple cursor intersects the graph line X2 17 27s and Y2 59 3 C values where the second green cursor intersects the graph line AX 9 99s the difference between X1 and X2 AY 5 73 C the difference between Y1 and Y2 lf you had more than one graph line resulting from using more than one sensor then their cursor values and differences would be obtained by clicking on the down arrow alongside Temperature 1 and selecting accordingly Each cursor can be moved to the left or right by clicking on them with the left mouse button holding the but
108. o do this you make use of the Freeze current graph s facility accessed via its icon amp First click on the Freeze current graph s icon on the Sub icon bar Place the Temperature sensor s rod back into the beaker of cold water Click the on the Run experiment icon gin the Sub icon bar EDU LAB LTD 31 After 30 seconds you should see two graphs similar to those displayed below Such overlays of graphs can be repeated as often as required lf you wished to erase an existing graph or graphs before re running an experiment then you would click on the Clear experiment results icon a in the Sub icon bar Click on the Clear experiment results icon lt a and note that both of the graphs have been erased Click on the Close button l in the top right hand corner of the Graph window to close it Now click the Close buttons x at the right hand ends of both the Sub icon bar and the Main icon bar Unplug the Temperature sensor A from the USB Bridge module k4 but leave the latter plugged into the PC EDU LAB LTD 32 3 3 Running an on line experiment with trigger In the experiment so far you have used the Run experiment icon g to start the data logging However as you will have noted in Section 3 1 3 there are occasions when you want sampling to commence only after a certain event has occurred Here you will be using a Force sensor If you do not have a Force sensor available but wish to see how t
109. o operate the Trigger plug the Temperature sensor back into the USB Bridge module and follow the instructions in Section 3 1 3 Arrange a runway shelf at an angle of around 20 and place a brick at its lower end Place the Force sensor flat up against the brick so that its hook is facing up the runway You will need to move the brick into the middle of the runway to do this Connect the Force sensor module g to one of the sockets of the USB Bridge module aa using a Edu Logger short cable Double click the Edu Logger shortcut icon to display the window shown below Click on the Module Setup button amp of the Force Sensor Module box to display the Force 1 Options tab window shown below Force 1 Options Check that just the box alongside Graph is ticked EDU LAB LTD 33 lf not already selected click on the 10N radio button Click on the Upwards force icon CE so that an impact force will register as positive You will see an OK briefly displayed These settings will remain in the sensor s built in memory until they are changed again Click on the Calibrate and zero icon Dx Again an OK will be briefly displayed Note that the value of the force displayed on the Force Sensor s Module box is now 0 00N or near Again this setting will remain in the sensor s built in memory until it is changed again Click on the Close button amp 3 in the top right hand corner of the Force 1 Optio
110. ol Rie tad totem Pressure Z al 100 oo D 1 2 3 4 5 6 T tad 3 10 EDU LAB LTD 68 Click on the Single step icon F in the Sub icon bar and you should then see the first point plot displayed as shown below Move the plunger to the 55ml graduation and click the Single step icon F in the Sub icon bar Move the plunger to the 50ml graduation and click the Single step icon F again Move the plunger to the 45ml graduation and click the Single step icon F again Move the plunger to the 40ml graduation and click the Single step icon F again Move the plunger to the 35ml graduation and click the Single step icon F again You should now see that you have a graph similar to that shown below EDU LAB LTD 69 Click on the Experiment setup icon a in the Sub icon bar to display the Experiment setup Options tab window shown below Experiment setup Options Click the cursor in the box alongside Table to reveal the Table window with an empty Manual values column as shown below Table Sanoee Pears 1 Fa POROSROESOSOO ERODES ES ODOLOSOEOSOROEOEe 2 First click the cursor in the header marked Manual values and type in Volume ml NOTE It is essential that this column header is dealt with at this stage and that the units are within square brackets EDU LAB LTD 70 Now enter the volumes of air in the syringe that corresponded to t
111. on a gas syringe connected to the Pressure sensor but adding an extra few millilitres to allow for the volume of air in the connecting tube Whilst the Volumes would show initially as just 1 2 3 4 5 6 and 7 you can then enter their actual values into the Manual values column that appears in tables as an extra Then with the aid of the Functions Math tab values of 1 Volume occupied by the gas air can be calculated and used in plotting a graph of Pressure of a fixed mass of gas air at constant temperature against 1 Volume occupied by the gas air and seeing if Boyle s Law is obeyed The following instructions will show how to use the Single step mode in this way Plug the Pressure sensor into either of the two sockets on the USB Bridge Module BB using a Edu Logger short cable Take a 60ml syringe and remove its plunger Put a little silicon grease around the plunger s seal and then insert it back into the syringe to the 60ml graduation Connect the syringe to the Pressure sensor via the adapter disconnector The basic setup is as in the photograph below USB Bridge module Pressure TA sensor adapter disconnector silicon grease syringe EDU LAB LTD 67 Double click the Edu Logger shortcut icon tl so that the Pressure Sensor s Module box displays in the Module window as shown overleaf Click the On line experiment icon E in the Main menu bar to display the Graph window below FF d
112. operation of a single sensor or a chain of sensors The remote single sensor or chain is connected to an RF Communication module and to a Battery Module which powers them all Another RF Communication module should be connected directly to the Monitor Display Unit or to the PC via the USB Bridge module More than two units can be used to cater for more chains of sensors or more independent sensors The PC does not need to have either Bluetooth or Wi fi incorporated Everything required is built into the RF Communication Module Specifications Frequency 2 4GHz DSSS Direct sequence spread spectrum Bit Rate 1Mbps Maximum distance of use in open space 30m 8 4 Digital display module VIEW 100 The VIEW 100 is a small display module that can be connected to any chain of logger sensors working off line with a Battery Module The VIEW 100 automatically searches for the connected sensors and displays one of them digitally Scrolling for displaying the reading of another sensor is done by pressing the pushbutton switch on the module 8 5 Graphic display module VIEW 101 The Graphic Display Unit GDU is used to run experiments without a PC The GDU displays the sensor s measurements in digital and graphical forms It can also be used to program the sensor s experiment setup as well as viewing the input from up to five sensors at a time This unit has a user friendly design with a colour graphic display and touch screen The G
113. ou to record a video of the experiment using a video camera or webcam connected to the PC The video can then be played back to review the experiment Before proceeding with the video configuration you must make sure that the camera is connected and installed on your PC It may well need a Driver file to be installed which would have been provided with the camera Updates of such Driver files are usually obtainable via the Internet In this example you will just use a single Temperature sensor but it could just as well be a chain of sensors 3 7 1 Configuring the video camera or webcam NOTE You may well find that your video camera or webcam is already configured for use with Edu Logger and that no adjustments need to be made However if that is not the case the details below show how to access the setup for configuring setting up the various properties e g brightness contrast etc of a video camera or webcam Connect a compatible webcam or video camera Check that the USB Bridge module t is plugged to a USB port on the PC Connect the Temperature sensor 4 to the USB Bridge module I using a Edu Logger short cable Double click the Edu Logger shortcut icon ia to display the following odube winchow N L a cy i nal eu og Neuron Sensors Network Technology S Temperature 1 EDU LAB LTD 91 Click on the On line experiment icon a in the Main icon bar so that the Graph window is displaye
114. ould be performed by QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY Do not operate a module if it is broken or if components are revealed for any reason Do not operate module with damaged cord wires or electrical parts Use only cords supplied with the module Use only power source approved by EDU LAB LTD or enclosed with the training system The USB module is also an approved power source for the Edu Logger modules Use modules only to measure the parameters for which they are designed as specified on the module label Do not attempt to measure values exceeding those specified on the module label particularly voltage and current Clean only with a dry cloth Do not install near any heat sources such as radiators heat registers or other apparatus that produce heat Unplug the module during lighting storms or when unused for long periods of time 1 9 Environmental conditions Do not expose modules to any kind of liquid Operating temperature 0 C to 40 C Humidity up to 95 at 35 C A Power requirements Battery module 4 AA batteries or computer USB outlet EDU LAB LTD 7 Chapter 2 Basic Setup 2 1 Installation The software and drivers must be installed before connecting any modules to the PC Open the setup file on the CD you received with the system Follow the instructions on the screen The installation process is straightforward and the required drivers are installed automatically The installation is composed of two
115. ould be produced via the Module Setup button Note also a Manual values column When relevant values not obtainable from connected sensors can be typed in here If you were conducting an experiment investigating how the Volume of a fixed mass of air changed with Pressure then the values of Volume would be entered into the table and the title Volume and appropriate units would be typed into the column s header EDU LAB LTD 17 The columns in Table windows can also be changed in width and this is done by clicking on the column header until is displayed then hold down the cursor and drag to enlarge or shrink as required The Table window and indeed any other window can be moved about on the screen by clicking the cursor on its upper blue headline holding it down and then dragging to the required position So if there is an overlap with the Experiment setup Options tab window move one or other so that both are visible Click on the Close button amp 3 in the top right hand corner of the Table window to close it The Experiment duration defines the time from when sampling data logging starts until sampling ends This duration can only be selected from a pre selected list Click on the down arrow alongside Experiment duration to display the available durations and select 30 seconds by clicking on it Experiment setup Options Options Graph Trigger XY Graph jf 10 seconds T0 seconds
116. own below w Temperatur Sele As before this Digital window can be dragged to any desired position on the screen by clicking the left cursor on its headline holding it down and dragging as required It can also be changed in size and indeed in some circumstances it may be useful to have it almost fill the whole screen You can also close it by clicking on its Close button i but again do not do so at this stage Now change the temperature units from C to F by clicking on the Fahrenheit radio button and see how it affects the value displayed on the Digital window and on the Sensor Module box Change the temperature units back to C by clicking on the Celsius radio button Such a change of units will be stored in the sensor s built in memory and so whatever units are chosen they will remain until a subsequent change is made Warm the metal rod of the temperature sensor and see how that affects the value displayed on the Digital window and on the Sensor Module box Now click on the Close buttons i of each of the Table the Temperature 1 Options tab and Digital windows to close them Note At this stage no data from the sensor will have been recorded Now click the Close buttons x at the right hand ends of both the Sub icon bar and the Main icon bar Finally disconnect the Temperature sensor K with its short cable from the USB Bridge module Kd and the USB Bridge module t from the PC EDU LAB LTD Chap
117. p two sensors with triggers Connect a Temperature sensor to a socket on either the Light sensor g or the USB Bridge module using an additional short cable Click on the Search for sensors icon in the Main icon bar Click on the Tools icon in the Main icon bar to display the Tools icon bar shown below eon e A me oo Click on the Restore sensor factory defaults icon Ey in the Tool icon bar to reset both sensors to their default settings i 8 M l l Click on the Off line experiment icon ey in the Main icon bar to display the window shown below SE ele a ry fh ee Oe RS lA casas Light 950 900 850 800 750 roe 650 600 50 500 450 wo 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 6 EDU LAB LTD 110 Click the Module Setup button Ce of the Temperature Sensor Module box to display the Temperature 1 Options tab window shown below Temperature 1 Options f 10 seconds al f 10 per second e Check that its radio button is set to Celsius Use the down arrow BA alongside Experiment duration and set this at 2 minutes Use the down arrow alongside Sampling rate and set this at 5 per second Ignore the Graph tab as its settings are not stored in the sensor s memory Click on the Trigger tab to display the Temperature 1 Trigger tab window shown below Temperature 1 Trigger Options Graph Trigger Click in the box alongside Trigger to put a tick into tt
118. periment rarely matches that in the textbooks as the tubing connected to the Pressure sensor will contain gas air at a different lower temperature that that recorded by the Temperature sensor You can conduct the experiment by following the instructions below NOTE Take care In this experiment you will be using very hot water Connect a Pressure sensor into one of the sockets of the USB Bridge module t using a Edu Logger short cable Connect a Temperature sensor 4 into either the other socket of the USB Bridge module or the spare socket of the Pressure sensor using a Edu Logger short cable Fit the Pressure sensor s adapter disconnector to that on the end of the tube connected to the boiling tube Attach the Temperature sensor 4 to the side of the boiling tube with a couple of rubber bands The photograph below shows the setup so far jug kettle retort stand boss and clamp USB Bridge mn 5 X sensor Temperature i sensor adapter ai disconnector lt 4 m boiling tube EDU LAB LTD 61 Fill an electric jug kettle with cold water and ice Place the boiling tube with Temperature sensor attached into the jug of cold water so that the water and ice just cover it Anchor it in place using a retort stand bosshead and clamp Double click the Edu Logger shortcut icon to display the window shown below NeuLog i Neuron Sensors Network Technology Leave it to cool
119. ph will then just be of what it senses and records against Time In the experiment which follows this section you will have a graph of Temperature displayed on the Y axis and Time on the X axis However there are many occasions when you will be using two or more sensors such as Pressure and Temperature together or Current and Voltage together Then the interest would be in seeing how the data they record relate to each other i e might they be directly proportional to each other or may they not As only one sensor has been connected at the moment the XY Graph mode cannot be put to use However you will see below how it is set up and you will make use of it in Sections 3 4 and 3 5 Click on the XY Graph tab to display the Experiment setup XY Graph tab window below Experiment setup XY Graph Q Seconds v In this situation you will see that the X axis radio button is set to Time Temperature then by default would be plotted on the Y axis It is here that you can change how the X axis records Time regardless of whether or not you wish to plot an XY graph It can be set to always display in Seconds or by clicking the down arrow 7 in the box below the Time radio button it can be displayed in Days Hours Minutes and Seconds Be careful on interpreting Time such as 1 20 Minutes It means 1 minute and 20 seconds and not 1 minute and 20 100ths of a minute You can swop between these styles of display after the gr
120. phs with the data and overlaying these with a best fit Linear fit line it can be seen which of the components obeyed Ohm s Law The following instructions are for investigating a 1000 resistor Connect a Voltage sensor into one of the sockets of the USB Bridge module using a Edu Logger short cable Connect a Current sensor into either the other socket of the USB Bridge module t or into the unused socket of the Voltage sensor using a Edu Logger short cable EDU LAB LTD 53 Construct the circuit shown in the diagram and photograph below but leaving the red lead dotted line from the Current sensor to the battery disconnected F Cell holders Circuit Diagram Apparatus Setup Double click the Edu Logger shortcut icon al to display the window shown below Click on the Voltage sensor s Module Setup button EJ to display the Voltage 1 Options tab window shown below w Click the cursor in the box alongside Grid so that both Graph and Grid are ticked EDU LAB LTD 54 Now click on the Graph tab so that the Voltage 1 Graph tab window is shown as below oltage 1 Graph Use the down arrow _ alongside Y max and reset its value to 10 Use the up arrow al alongside Y min and reset its value to 10 Click the Close button in the top right hand corner of the Voltage 1 Graph tab window to close it Click on the Current sensor s Module Setup button a
121. pose as shown below Set RF module ID number Save configuration Restore USB Tools icon bar Significant figures Set sensor ID number Restore sensors Load activity factory defaults EDU LAB LTD 137 7 1 Set Sensor ID Number Setting a number in the box alongside the ID icon and then clicking on the ID icon will change all the connected sensors IDs to this number Here you will just deal with one sensor This function allows the use of up to 9 sensors of the same type With just the Temperature sensor B connected click on the up arrow a alongside the ID icon and change the number in the box to 2 Click on the ID icon p The sensor will get the instruction to change its ID to 2 The Search function will run automatically and you will see that the sensor s Module box in the Module window now shows 2 Now return the sensor s ID number back to 1 by clicking on the down arrow alongside the ID icon change the ID to 1 and then click on the ID icon 7 2 Set RF Module ID Number Setting a number in the box alongside the RF icon and then clicking on the RF icon will change all the connected RF module IDs to this number Here you will just deal with one sensor This function allows the use of up to 9 RF modules Connect one RF module to the USB module and check that no other RF module is connected to a battery module Click on the up arro
122. quired to accommodate the value and its unit Repeat twice more releasing the model car from the same position to obtain a set of measurements similar to those shown below Note that an average value is provided too odude window E EU N eu Log Meuron Sensors Network Technology 2 r g zi T TI a aiins D A o Photogate 1 z Photogate EEE Photogate ca Gi Ph otopate Note that the Table also has velocities recorded as well as times If you had clicked on the down arrow x alongside Time and selected Velocity the Table window would have appeared the same but the Digital meter would have shown velocities instead Now click on the Stop experiment icon a in the Sub icon bar Click on the Clear experiment results icon lt a in the Sub icon bar EDU LAB LTD 80 3 6 2 Acceleration mode 1 The apparatus used here is almost the same as in Time and Velocity mode with the exception of the use of a Double flag timing card instead of a Single flag version A photograph of the setup is shown below USB Bridge J photogate r Attach a Double flag timing card to the model car Now click on the Acceleration mode 1 image to display the image displayed below together with changes to the Table and Digital meter windows Use the up arrows just above the image of the Double timing card to change the values to 50 as 50mm is the width of both of the
123. r a rather heavy meal Its technical name is dyspepsia Some people refer to it as heartburn owing to the burning feeling they have in their chest There are many possible causes and sometimes no reason for it at all The most common cause is when the stomach acid flows back up into the oesophagus in a process known as acid reflux Alternatively it may be the result of the protective lining of the stomach allowing the acid to come into contact with the wall of the stomach Very occasional indigestion is not likely to be a great problem but repeated indigestion needs consultation with a doctor in case it is the result of a medical condition or problem To deal with occasional bouts of indigestion some people take indigestion tablets such as BisoDof Setlers and Rennie but how effective are they EDU LAB LTD 147 Your task In this experiment you will be adding indigestion tablets to some cola which has a pH around that of stomach acid Using a pH sensor you will need to monitor and report on how the pH changes with time in order to i compare the effectiveness of various crushed indigestion tablets and ii to see how crushing not crushing them affects their operation If you have not already done so connect the pH sensor to the USB Bridge module using a short cable Now plug the USB Bridge module into a USB port on the PC Click on on the Task bar at the foot of the screen to display Edu Logger Switch between EL s3 and on
124. r s memory up Le to 5 With the Load data icon a select Experiments to upload the required experiment data Click on Temperature 1 on the message to upload the last stored experiment data EDU LAB LTD 101 The sampled data will be uploaded to the PC and a graph similar to that below will be displayed As in On line mode all the various Zoom cursors functions point line graph clear experiment results freeze graph and export to spreadsheet facilities are available via their icons You can upload an experiment freeze it and upload another one Click the Clear experiment results icon in the Sub icon bar Leave the Temperature sensor Banc USB Bridge module connected to the PC 4 2 3 Setting up two sensors without triggers Additionally plug the Light sensor e into either the socket on the Temperature sensor or the unused one on the USB Bridge module t using a further short cable Click on the Search for sensors icon in the Main icon bar so that both sensors Module boxes are displayed in the Module window Click on the Tools icon in the Main icon bar to display the Tools icon bar shown below Click on the Restore sensor factory defaults icon in the Tool icon bar to reset both sensors to their default settings EDU LAB LTD 102 ey bi Click the Off line experiment icon ey in the Main icon bar to display the Graph window shown below Module window ii w a free oe NeuLog euron Sensors
125. raphic Display Unit is used when a PC is not available for each group It can work with up to 5 sensors in parallel Some of the unit s features are Automatic recognition of sensors Uses preset experiment parameters for easy initiation Communicates with all the sensors or one at a time Controls each sensor s range and measurement units Internal charging circuit is incorporated Mode to view sensor values in real time up to five at a time Automatic Power Off for longer battery life Sensors are connected to the GDU via its USB A socket Remote connection is also possible by plugging an RF Communication module into it and another into the sensor or sensor chain This enables both setting up and analysing the collected data EDU LAB LTD 151 The VIEW 101 can be connected to a chain of sensors ending with the battery module connected to the last sensor of the chain When the GDU VIEW 101 receives power it starts scanning and identifies the connected sensors The located sensors are displayed on the left side of the screen The viewer uses the same icons as the Edu Logger software 2 Search for connected sensors Run experiment while displaying the results The data is also saved in the in the modules internal memory and can be uploaded to the viewer at any time Stop experiment run Upload experiment data from the sensors This function acts also as zoom Out Zoom fit Erase
126. removed from the chain without affecting the others Depending on their use sensors can be powered directly from a PC or from the MDU However they can also be powered individually or in chains by a Battery Unit One chain of sensors can be divided into more chains by adding RF communication modules to all the sensors chains allowing remote connection of up to 30m in open space 10 bit resolution is provided for most sensors and sampling rates vary from 10000 per second to 1 per hour depending on the sensor concerned The rates available for each sensor match well to their likely use Experiment durations are from 25ms to 31 days depending on the sensor and the sampling rate A Trigger setting with Pre trigger is available through which sampling starts and data is displayed from just before the Trigger operated 1 3 Plug and play system The philosophy behind logger sensors is a plug and play system Connect the experiment s required sensors to the PC through a USB adaptor or to a MDU Monitor Display Unit and perform the experiment with an intuitive software There is no need to study data logger operation All the measurements the recording and analysis are done by the sensor itself according to its functions The data sent to the PC or to the MDU is processed by the sensor The total memory of the system is increased because each sensor has its own memory Each sensor has its own micro controller tiny computer so it can con
127. s exercise and rest conditions and to compare the normal and after exercise pulse rates Additionally it can show how blood volume flow rates in the finger or ear lobe vary with time x Pulse 1 Graph Experiment Duration 1 second to 31 days To operate connect the clip to a finger or ear lobe and start measuring either connected via the USB Bridge to a PC or to the Monitor Display Unit On the PC you can choose to see the pulse wave showing changes of blood volume flow in the finger or earlobe with time and calculate the pulse or get the value of the pulse rate directly via the software The operating mode is changed by clicking on the sensor s Module Setup icon on the Sensor Module box to display the Heart and Pulse sensor module setup window and selecting the mode as required For best results the sensor should be kept away from direct sunlight and high intensity lights Specifications BPM stands for beats per minute operation modes resolution Rate S sec 30 to 240 BPM obt _ 2 100 0 1024 Analogue Values 10 000 Specifications for the electrode are as follows They are both plethysmograph based and so record changes in blood volume flow The sensors consist of an infrared LED transmitter and a matched infrared phototransistor receiver EDU LAB LTD 160 8 15 Photo gate logger sensor NUL 109 This sensor can be used to study various kinds of motion With four modes of operation
128. s red plug into the 1 5V really 4 5V socket of the lower cell holder Click on the Single step icon f in the Sub icon bar Repeat the process of moving the Voltage sensor s red plug into the 3V 1 5V OV join of the two cell holders 1 5V 3V 4 5V and 6V sockets of the cell holders clicking on the Single step icon F in the Sub icon bar after each move You should have a graph similar to that shown below oeane bok ee eee ms m Remove the Voltage sensor s red plug from the 6V socket of the upper cell holder Now click on the Experiment setup icon in the Sub icon bar to display the Experiment setup Options tab window below Experiment setup Options f 10 seconds v ff 10 per second bd EDU LAB LTD 57 Click on the XY Graph tab to display the Experiment setup XY Graph tab window below Experiment setup XY Graph Click on the radio button alongside Sensor to display the following Experiment setup XY Graph tab window shown below Experiment setup XY Graph Q Check that the box below the Sensor radio button displays Voltage 1 as this is as the Independent variable what is to be plotted along the X axis If Current 1 had been the Independent variable and so should be plotted along the X axis then you would click on the down arrow and select Current 1 Do not do it Click the Close button in the top right hand corner of the Experiment setup XY Graph tab
129. s the velocity of propagation of sound in various media could be determined by timing a pulse travelling between them Experiment Duration 25 milliseconds to 31 days The sound sensor is located in a plastic box accessible to the atmosphere via a hole in its side Specifications Level 40 to 110 dB atin 0 1 dB Signal 0 1024 pot 1 10 000 EDU LAB LTD 167 8 19 Motion logger sensor BS NUL 113 This sensor uses an ultrasonic transducer to transmit an ultrasonic wave and measure the time of the echo return In this way the sensor measures the distance to an article located against it Using the module software it is able to calculate also the item velocity and acceleration The sensor has three modes of operation Motion 1 Motion 1 Options Graph Motion 1 Options x Motion 1 Graph lotion 1 Experiment Duration 1 second to 31 days Specifications N Distance 2mm Velocity 10 m s m s Acceleration 100 m s2 0 01 m s2 Note The measurement is based on ultrasonic waves a sound wave humans cannot hear The wave is not narrow Echo can be received from bodies near the line between the motion sensor and the measured article The size of the measured article must be at least 10 x 10 cm EDU LAB LTD 168 8 20 Magnetic logger sensor NUL 114 This is a very sensitive magnetic fields sensor It can measure a very low level of magnetic fields such as the
130. screen Experiment setup Tools Set sensor ID Set RF ID Set screen shut down Turn the viewer off The last two functions are aimed for saving battery EDU LAB LTD 152 8 6 Monitor display unit Es sxo The Monitor Display Unit MDU is used to run experiments without a PC The MDU displays the sensor s measurements in digital form only It can also be used to program the sensor s experiment setup as well as viewing the input from up to two sensors at a time This unit has a user friendly design with a liquid crystal display LCD screen and easy to use three button keyboard It does not display graphs When used with a Photogate only Time can be measured The Monitor Display Unit is used when a PC is not available for each group Some of the unit s features are Automatic recognition of sensors Power supply for sensors Uses preset experiment parameters for easy initiation Communicates with all the sensors or one at a time Controls each sensor s range and measurement units Works with internal rechargeable batteries 2 NiMH AA cells 2300mAH Internal charging circuit is incorporated LED charging indicator Battery status check Mode to view sensor values in real time up to two at a time Can freeze readings to view values at a specific time Automatic Power Off for longer battery life Its batteries are charged by connection to a charging unit Sensors are connected to the MDU via its USB B socket
131. sensors are automatically recognized by the system EDU LAB LTD 4 1 5 Data display and analysis The computer s display of data can be in the form of a graph a table or both plus a digital display of each sensor s current value e g 20 C 8 95V 20 9 The default graph display is of what the sensor measures Y axis plotted against Time X axis but as mentioned in an earlier paragraph it is possible to plot XY graphs in which one sensor s data is plotted against another s Graphs can have their axis scales pre selected can be zoomed to maximize their display in the Y axis direction or have small areas selected and zoomed to allow examination in more detail The graphs of each sensor can be overlaid and their Y axes moved to convenient positions on the screen A best fit line curve facility is provided to overlay the graphs and extrapolation to zero of best fit straight line graphs is available Areas under graphs can be easily calculated for use in determining such a quantity as Impulse from a Force time graph Graph plotting can be in points only or in a joined up line and a set of grid lines can optionally be added A number of mathematical functions log A In A sart A A 1 A A B A B A B 1000 A B A K e 10 and A K are available with which to convert data where A and B are the variables and K a constant The function A B would be useful in generating data and a graph of the resistance o
132. separately 4 2 5 Setting up a single sensor with a trigger Click on the Search for sensors icon 5 in the Main icon bar Click on the Tools icon in the Main icon bar to display the Tools icon bar shown below Click on the Restore sensor factory defaults icon et in the Tool icon bar to reset the sensor to its default settings Click on the Off line experiment icon ey in the Main icon bar to display the window shown below A Di Ly of Neu Log Neuron Sensors Network Technology a aoc EEE ight EDU LAB LTD 106 Click on the Light sensor s Module Setup button S to display the Light 1 Options tab window shown below Light 1 Options af 10 seconds v f 10 per second Check that the radio button is set to 1000 Ix Use the down arrow alongside Experiment duration to set it to 1 second Use the down arrow alongside Sampling rate to set it to 100 per second Ignore the Graph tab as the sensor s memory does not store this setting Click on the Trigger tab to display the Light 1 Trigger tab window shown below Light 1 Trigger Click in the box alongside Trigger to put a tick into it Click in the box alongside Level delete the 0 and type in 5 EDU LAB LTD 107 Check that the box alongside Mode indicates Rise Use the down arrow fd to change this if necessary The Light 1 Trigger tab window should now appear as shown below Light 1
133. sors Network Technology Oxygen Ver 2 45 1 Or lt 95 Click on the On line experiment icon Graph window Module window i NeuLog Neuron Sensors Network Technology Oxygen aP oaa 145 s K oe 5 4 3 2 4 o EDU LAB LTD 144 Click on Oxygen sensor s Module Setup button amp to display the Oxygen 1 Options window shown below Check first that the radio button is indicating in air as shown above Wait for two minutes or so to allow the Oxygen sensor s readings to stabilise If the Oxygen Sensor s Module box is not displaying a value near 20 9 click on the Calibration icon Dy which should reset it to that value Check that the box alongside Graph is ticked The Graph tab can be left on its default setting so close the Oxygen 1 Options window by clicking on its Close button E Click on the Experiment setup icon Ta to display the Experiment setup Options window shown below of 10 seconds amp a 10 per second 7 Use the down arrow z alongside Experiment duration then the scroll bar on the drop down menu and select 1 day Use the down arrow z alongside Sampling rate then the scroll bar on the drop down menu and select 60 per hour No changes are needed to the other tabs so close the Experiment setup Options window by clicking on its Close button El EDU LAB LTD 145 Click on the Tools icon in the Main icon bar to reveal the Tools ico
134. splay the following window Experiment setup Trigger To trigger the start of sampling you will make use of the rise in voltage across the bulb as the switch is closed Check first that the sensor indicated is Voltage 1 and that the Mode is Rise Now click in the box alongside Level delete 0 and type in 0 1 as shown below Experiment setup Trigger Alternatively you could have set the Trigger so that it is based on the Current sensor Current 1 rising to a level of say 5mA Clicking on the down arrow in the box alongside Sensor would have displayed Current 1 and the Level would then indicate in units of mA milliamperes At this stage it is useful to first see each of the graphs plotted against Time Click on the Close button in the top right hand corner of the Experiment setup Trigger tab window Click on the Run experiment icon g in the Sub icon bar The message Waiting for Trigger will be displayed on the screen EDU LAB LTD 44 Now close the switch and hold it closed for a second or so and graphs similar to those below should be plotted 0 075 Time 5 Click on the Pre trigger button to expand the graphs so that they display what was happening to the Current through the bulb and the Voltage across it just before and at the moment the switch was closed 0 075 Time s The interesting section of the above graphs is obviously just before the bulb was switched ON
135. t sensor s Module Setup button Ce to display the Light 1 Options tab window shown below Light 1 Options f 10 seconds v f 10 per second x Check that the radio button is set to 1000 Ix Use the down arrow alongside Experiment duration to set it to 30 seconds Use the down arrow alongside Sampling rate to set it to 5 per second Ignore the Graph tab as its settings are not stored in the sensor s memory Also ignore the Trigger tab as no Trigger is to be set here Close the Light 1 Options tab window by clicking on the Close button in its top right hand corner The Light sensor has now been setup NOTE Leave the Light sensor ED oonnected to the PC via the USB Bridge v 4 3 2 Running a single sensor without a trigger Click the Run sensors icon amp in the Sub icon bar or press the Start Stop button on the Light sensor g Note that you have two ways of starting the data logging in this mode Move the Light sensor g about so that different levels of Illumination are sensed EDU LAB LTD 117 When the LED has gone out click on the Load data from sensors icon g in the Sub icon bar to display a Graph window similar to the one below 15 Time 5 Click on the Clear experiment results icon S in the Sub icon bar NOTE Leave the Light sensor K connectea to the PC via the USB Bridge module e 4 3 3 Setting up two sensors without triggers Plug the Temperature sensor 4
136. ter 3 On line Experiment Mode In this chapter you will run an experiment with the temperature sensor in order to see and use the features of the On Line Experiment mode In this mode the experiment is controlled by the PC Results are recorded and displayed in real time Connect the USB Bridge module t to a USB port on the PC Connect the Temperature sensor ks to the USB Bridge module t using a Edu Logger short cable Double click the Edu Logger shortcut icon l to display the following NeuLog i Neuron Sensory Network Technology Ver 2 44 Click on the On Line Experiment con to display the additional Sub icon bar labelled below Note that the functions of each icon on the Sub icon bar are indicated here but can also be seen by moving the cursor over each on screen icon Export to Excel file Freeze current graph s Display experiment mode Single step one sample Clear experiment results experiment EDU LAB LTD 13 Click on the Module Setup button amp to display the Temperature 1 Options tab window and ensure that the units of temperature radio button is set to Celsius and that the box alongside Graph is ticked It should appear as below Temperature 1 Options The digital function was explained in the previous chapter Click the cursor in the box alongside Table A v sign appears in the box and a Table window opens as shown below Temp
137. ternative way of expressing Boyle s Law Pressure of a fixed mass of gas volume occupied by that gas a constant value at constant temperature EDU LAB LTD 15 You could have seen whether or not the law was verified without getting the above graph plotted Instead of calculating 1 Volume occupied by the air you could have simply used the Functions Math tab facility to calculate Pressure 1 Volume A B and noted in the Table that the values of this product were nearly the same each time Now click on the Close buttons amp in the top right hand corners of Experiment setup XY graph tab Functions Functions tab Table and Graph windows to close them Then click on the Close buttons Lx in the top right hand corners of both the Tools icon and Main icon bars to close them Disconnect the Pressure sensor Kirom the syringe using the adapter disconnector Disconnect the Pressure sensor from the USB Bridge module t but leave the USB Bridge module connected to the PC 3 6 Using photogates Photogates are used to measure the Time s for which their infrared beams are interrupted By inputting the length s of Timing cards passing through photogates both Velocity and Acceleration can be calculated too Cut out as accurately as possible two Timing cards from black plastic card one with a single 50mm flag and another with two 50mm flags separated by a 40mm gap as shown below and another with at least
138. the Task bar as and when necessary Click on the Search for sensors icon in the Main icon bar Place the pH sensor into a beaker of buffer solution of pH 7 0 and then click on the pH sensor s Module Setup button Ce to display the pH 1 Options tab window shown below Click on the Calibration icon Dy to set the pH sensor to pH 7 0 The rest of its pH settings will have been calibrated too You should see an OK message displayed briefly as you click on the icon Close the pH 1 Options tab window by clicking on the Close button El in its top right hand corner Now click on the On line experiment icon E in the Main icon bar and you are almost ready to start At this stage if you have not already done so you need to sort out how you are going to conduct your experiments Discussion with your colleagues would be useful You will need to consider or find out in a pilot experiment what Experiment duration and Sampling time might be most suitable and then set up the system with them To compare the graphs that you obtain you may be best to use the Freeze current graph s facility to overlay them all Alternatively you could save each one separately with a unique name e g that of the tablet crushed or uncrushed and then Open their files one by one when you have completed all the experiments After use wash the pH sensor in either distilled or tap water and replace in its pot EDU LAB LTD 148 With this example you would
139. the USB Bridge module t to a USB port on the PC i to the USB Bridge module t using a short cable Connect the Temperature sensor Each module has two identical cable sockets As before you can use either The sockets enable you to connect the sensor modules in a chain Click on the Search for sensors icon in the Main icon bar The program will scan and display the connected sensor s Module box in this case that of the Temperature sensor automatically in the Module window on the left hand side of the screen as shown below Stodube mindu j LL N e u Log Heuron Sensors Network Technology abani Veep Module window EDU LAB LTD 98 The Temperature Sensor Module box labelled below again appears in the Module window on the far left of the screen ee OA Type Click on the Tools icon in the Main icon bar to display the Tools icon bar shown below Now click on the Restore sensor factory defaults icon eat to reset the Temperature sensor to its default settings all Now click the Off line experiment icon on the Main icon bar to display the Graph window shown below Tii g j m Fo NeuLog Neuron Sensors Network Technology J YS ammang EDU LAB LTD 99 Click the Module Setup button Cs of the Temperature Sensor Module box to display the Temperature 1 Options tab window shown below Temperature 1 Options ff 10 seconds z f 10 per second Note that this window is
140. the box alongside Trigger should not have been ticked Untick if necessary Now close the Light 1 Trigger tab window by clicking on the Close button amp 3 in its top right hand corner Both the Temperature and Light sensors have now been setup Disconnect the short cable with the two sensors attached from the USB Bridge module t and connect to the Battery module u EDU LAB LTD 104 4 2 4 Running two sensors without triggers NOTE Take care In this experiment you will be using hot water If not already available pour about 200ml of hot water at about 60 C into a 250ml beaker Place the Temperature sensor s rod into the hot water and press the Start stop button on the Temperature sensor After about 1 minute press the Start stop button on the Light sensor Bd ana move it so that different levels of Illumination are sensed When both LEDs have gone out disconnect the Edu Logger short cable with the sensors attached from the Battery module E reconnect to the USB Bridge module Check that the PC is still in Off line Experiment mode click on the Load data from el sensors icon a in the Sub icon bar and note the following message All last experiments Temperature 1 Light 1 Experiments When Experiments is selected the list of each sensor appears so one experiment of each sensor can be uploaded Click on All and you should have displayed graphs similar to those shown below pg Pa leila ite s
141. to when the bulb was fully lit where the two graph lines level off So it is useful to be able to examine this section in more detail and you will see how to do this on the following page EDU LAB LTD 45 Click on the Zoom window icon Edl Locate the mouse cursor at a point above the spike on the graph and to its left press the mouse left button and keep it pressed move the mouse cursor to the right and down a little below the graphs to where they have both levelled off A rectangle should appear as shown below Release the mouse button and the section of graph within the zoomed box will be displayed greatly enlarged as shown below 0 02 Time Up until this point running the experiment has resulted in graphs of Voltage across the bulb against Time and Current through the bulb against Time being plotted separately This done you can now plot what is known as an XY graph with the Voltage across the bulb on the X axis and the Current through the bulb on the Y axis EDU LAB LTD 46 Click again on the Experiment setup icon in the Sub icon bar to open the Experiment setup window again Click its XY Graph tab to display the Experiment setup XY Graph tab window overleaf Experiment setup X Graph Click on the radio button alongside Sensor to display the following window Experiment setup X Graph Click on the down arrow in the box beneath the Sensor radio button and sel
142. ton down and dragging to the position required Whilst this is useful to determine values and differences between values on graphs you can also use it to find the Gradient at different positions on graphs EDU LAB LTD 27 Move the cursors to a position similar to those on the graph displayed below such that AX 1s w eo 30 eo 70 fo i a0 30 a TE TE EE 0 lazaz e3 Ak VYieSld2 Y25368 AY 225 Noting that on the example graph above AY 2 25 C it is easy to see that the Gradient AY AX at that position is 2 25 C s More precise values around a point would be obtained by making AX smaller With AX 1s it is an easy calculation for you to make However if AX had been 0 27s the calculation would have been more difficult and may have had you reaching for a calculator Edu Logger however provides a series of useful functions one of which is to automatically calculate a Gradient 3 2 3 Using functions linear fit calculate function statistics and math Move the first purple cursor to a position of interest on the graph and then click on the Show functions icon to display the Functions tab window below Functions EDU LAB LTD 28 The functions available are Linear fit Linear fit between cursors Area Gradient cursor 1 Polynomial between cursors This overlays a best fit straight line on the selected graph and provides its equation in the form of Y mX
143. trol and adapt even the hardware to different functions This is why many of the sensors have several ranges or different types of measurements that are usually done by more than one sensor The built in software in the logger sensor can be upgraded at any time using software without opening the sensor module EDU LAB LTD 1 4 Modes of operation The Logger Sensors system has two modes of operation On line experiment and Off line experiment On line experiment mode is where the sensors are connected to a PC or the MDU programmed and remain connected as the data is fed back continuously in real time All sensors gather data at the same rate are triggered together a choice has to be made of which sensor to trigger from and run for the same time On line experiment mode enables also collection of data at particular stages of the experiment instead of continuously The Single step mode Sometimes known as snapshot can be used when measurements are taken while some of the experiment variables are changed manually like changing the source voltage in an electrical circuit volume in a pressure volume experiment or adding drops into solutions etc Off line experiment mode is where the sensors have been programmed by connection to a PC or the MDU with different Sampling rates and Experiment durations The sensors are then disconnected from the PC or MDU and put into battery powered chains or singly to collect their data on the pressing o
144. ttings required for the experiment e g Experiment duration Sampling rate Trigger setting whether you want a Table and or Graph etc Here you will use the simplest default settings with the Temperature sensor Click on the Experiment setup icon in the Sub icon bar to open the Experiment setup Options tab window within the Graph window as shown below Experiment setup Options Options Graph Tigger XY Graph f 10 seconds k f 10 per second This default setting is fine so click on the Experiment setup Options tab window s Close button amp 3 in its top right hand corner to close it NOTE To see both the graph being plotted and the video you will need to reduce the size of the Video frame by clicking the cursor on one of its corners and dragging towards the centre of the frame You will also need to drag the reduced sized frame to a convenient position on the PC screen so that the graph is not totally obscured Click on the Run experiment icon g in the Sub icon bar The video recording will start as the first item of data is recorded and will stop automatically after 10 seconds or sooner if you click on the Stop experiment icon H in the Sub icon bar View the recorded experiment video and graph by clicking on the Play video icon Ed Note that this icon now incorporates a Pause button pd You use this button if you wished to pause the video and graph plotting at some point Clicking again on the Pla
145. two photo gates used must be selected and entered into the two boxes indicating which is passed through first and which second Repeated passes can be made and values recorded together with an average value EDU LAB LTD 162 This mode can be used to measure velocities and momentum in collision as described in the following screen Module window ce M TA A es i 1 me j N eu Lo g Neuron Sensors Network Technology A Photogate 1 2 SSB eeaaea see s Photogate x v E Photogate x Samples Velocity ID1 m s Velocity ID2 m s Momentum ID1 kg m s Momentum ID2 kg m s CEO J Fields for the carts mass are opened too The two carts are pushed against each other so they collide after passing through the gates and then return again through the gates ae NA The table will show the velocity and the momentum of each cart before and after the collision EDU LAB LTD 163 8 15 5 Status graph mode Photogate 25 milliseconds r As a timing card passes through the photo gate a graph of its Digital Status 1 or 0 against Time is produced When the beam is interrupted it displays as 1 indicating a voltage output from the photo gate of near 5V When the beam is uninterrupted it displays as 0 indicating a voltage output from the photo gate of near OV The photo gate is contained in a strong plastic frame with an infrared light emitting diode LED on one side and an infrared sensitive p
146. ulls water into the tensiometer and the vacuum decreases This is why soil moisture is measured in pressure level ee Soil moisture Fa Soil moisture 2 Options E Soil moisture 2 Graph Goil moisture Experiment Duration 1 second to 31 days Specifications l 50 cBar obt 002cBar p 10 100 0 50 KPascal 0 02 KPascal EDU LAB LTD 181 UVB 8 33 UVB logger sensor NUL 130 There are different wave lengths of ultra violet light The UVB wave length range is 280 320 nm which is 2 of the total UV radiation The UVB radiation affects the vitamin generation in the human body the immune suppression skin cancer and cataract The intensity of this light is measured in mW m milli Watt per square meter U B 1 Options X U B 1 Graph Experiment Duration 1 second to 31 days Specifications nr 1 I V 0 Bo a Om ae w 7 a 50 0 8 mW m EDU LAB LTD 182 C 8 34 Turbidity logger sensor NUL 131 This sensor measures the reflected light that enters into a tube containing a solution As solution turbidity is higher more light is reflected and measured by the light sensor located perpendicular to the tube The turbidity measurement units are Nephelometric Turbidity Unit NTU Turbidity 9 Options x Turbidity 9 Graph Turbidity 9 Experiment Duration 1 second to 31 days Specifications 0 0 200 NTU 0 08NTU 100
147. w al alongside the RF es icon and change the number in the box to 2 Click on the RF icon e The RF module will get the instruction to change its ID to 2 Repeat the above steps and change another RF module ID to 2 EDU LAB LTD 138 7 3 Restoring sensors factory defaults When sensors have been in use in Off line mode they retain whatever settings and data they last had Clicking on the Restore sensors factory defaults icon ee resets all sensors connected by cable or via RF Communication modules to the same defaults that would automatically be set in On line mode Here you will see the effect with just the Temperature sensor ar Click on the Off line experiment icon on the Main icon bar A new Sub icon bar and graph window will then be displayed as shown below tochule sairib om T j i ki X NeuLog Neuron Sensors Network Technology i eX Temperature 1 as Soo Click on the Module Setup button amp to display the Temperature 1 Options window below It may not look quite like this as all will depend on its last usage and setup Click on the down arrow alongside Experiment duration and select a value of 2 minutes Click on the down arrow 2 alongside Sampling rate and select a value of 60 per minute EDU LAB LTD 139 Ignore the Graph tab as in Off line experiment mode its settings are only operational after the data from the sensor has been loaded back into the
148. w this has moved the Y axis quite a way to the right This is useful when there are many sensors in use as each will have its own Y axis and it would not be helpful to have them overlap each other EDU LAB LTD 15 Clicking on the Colour icon opens the Colour window where the sensor s graph line colour can be changed It does the same job as the Colour button on the Sensor Module box that you will have dealt with in Chapter 2 Section 2 5 Click on the Colour icon amp 4 Select a green colour and then click the OK button You should now have in view something much like the screen displayed below with a number of icons on the Sub icon bar and some more on the graph itself Pye ee amp S55 Ne u LO i neuron sensorsNetwork technology oi moua Anasaya a SSS ERRZS S tees You will have noted the Zoom fit icon oa in the Temperature 1 Graph tab window This operates only when a graph is displayed and so cannot be used here Clicking on it adjusts just the Y axis s so that the graph s minimum and maximum values just fit within it This Zoom fit relates only to the sensor that you are dealing with in this case that would be Temperature 1 You will have noted other icons ro 3 just above the graph The first three of these also deal with Zoom functions and they along with the other three will be dealt with in Chapter 3 Section 3 2 Again click on the Colour icon select a red colour like what you saw original
149. y video icon el resumes the playback If you wished to end the video and graph plotting before it had finished you would click on the Stop video icon Save the video and the associated experiment s results by clicking on the Save Experiment icon B Initially the Edu Logger Docs folder will open Open the Experiments folder within it create this folder if it does not already exist Type a suitable title e g Temperature into the box alongside File name check that the Save as type is Experiment File and then click the OK button EDU LAB LTD 94 Now erase both the experiment s results and video but not the saved file by clicking on the Clear experiment results icon lt a in the Sub icon bar Click on the Close button EJ in the top right hand corner of the Video Camera Frame to close it Now rerun the saved video and experiment by clicking on the Open experiment icon Aa navigate to the Experiments folder select the Temperature file click on it and then click the Open button The experiment data and video recording will load and the camera frame will open automatically Click the Play video icon to watch the graph of the experiment being plotted in synchronization with the video of it Clicking on the Single Frame icon puts a copy of the image in the video frame into the Clipboard From there it can be pasted temporarily into an open word processor or similar file for incorporation into a report at a later time Now
150. y x waveforms Measures distance velocity and acceleration 900 124 Magnetic logger J a sensor r y Conductivity i pac tier logger sensor y 900 126 Spirometer ZN iii flow logger sensor 900 127 GSR logger A sensor p 900 128 Logger EKG sensor Measures solution 900 129 Colorimeter RGB color transfer ae and absorbance 900 130 CO logger SOR sensor Measures CO in air Barometer LO wand altitude logger sensor EDU LAB LTD Motion logger sensor 189 Catalog Module Photographic Purpose No Symbol Image Blood pressure h agian logger sensor p 900 134 Flow Rate logger f o sensor Measures water flow Force plate logger K gt Measures high weight sensor WY 900 136 Rotary motion j a i Measures rotary speed logger sensor ae acceleration and rounds Can also be used as a pulley sensor 900 137 Acceleration pacers logger sensor i 900 138 Salinity Logger Measures solution sensor Turbidity 900 139 Sen o SUTE A Measures soil moisture logger sensor T 900 141 Turbidity logger A Measures solution pene turbidity pee a S Measures UVA radiation 900 143 PACE Measures surface i temperature temperature logger sensor EDU LAB LTD 190 900 144 High temperature Measures extreme logger sensor temperatures Comprehensive details of each of these modules is provided in Chapter 8 EDU LAB LTD

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