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Carrier Frequency

1. ro Sikhe a SS ga Positive Oi Negative Figure 2 28 Panel view of sweep Remote Interface Operation SWEep STATe 0 OFF 1 ON Start Frequency and Stop Frequency The start frequency and stop frequency sets the upper and lower frequency bounds for the sweep The U2761A begins at the start frequency sweeps to the stop frequency and then resets back to the start frequency e The range of the start and stop frequencies is 1 Hz to 20 MHz limited to 200 kHz for Ramp and 200 kHz or 2 MHz with option U2010A for Arbitrary waveforms The sweep is phase continuous over the full frequency range The default start frequency is 100 Hz The default stop frequency is 1 kHz e To sweep up in frequency set the start frequency lt stop frequency To sweep down in frequency set the start frequency gt stop frequency Soft Front Panel Operation On the Start Frequency and Stop Frequency panels as shown in Figure 2 28 input the desired start frequency and stop frequency values and select the respective units from the drop down lists U2761A User s Guide 71 2 Features and Functions Sweep Mode Sweep Time 72 Remote Interface Operation FREQuency STARt lt frequency gt FREQuency STOP lt frequency gt You can sweep with either linear or logarithmic spacing For a linear sweep the U2761A varies the output frequency in a linear fashion during the sweep For a logarithmic sweep the U2761A varies the outp
2. Sets the output amplitude to 5 Vpp Sets the output offset to 0 Enables frequency sweep Changes the start frequency to 500 Hz Changes the stop frequency to 10 kHz Changes the sweep mode to Linear Changes the sweep time to 2 s Changes the sweep trigger source to External Changes the U2761A to be triggered on the rising edge Turns on output U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 Triggering Applies to sweep only You can issue triggers for sweeps using Internal immediate triggering External triggering or Manual software triggering e Internal triggering is enabled when you turn on the U2761A In this mode the U2761A outputs continuously when the sweep mode is selected e External triggering uses the device Trig In connector to control the sweep The U2761A initiates one sweep each time Trig In receives a TTL pulse You can select whether the U2761A is triggered on the rising or falling edge of the External trigger signal e Manual triggering initiates one sweep each time you click Trigger Tener on the soft front panel Trigger Source Choices You must specify the source from which the U2761A accepts a trigger e The sweep trigger source consists of Internal External or Manual The default trigger source is Internal e The U2761A accepts a Manual trigger a hardware trigger from the device Trig In connector or continuously output sweeps using an Internal trigger A
3. U2761A User s Guide 91 3 Characteristics and Specifications Trigger Single External or Internal TRIGGER CHARACTERISTICS Trigger input Jitter RMS 6 ns 3 5 ns for Pulse Trigger output 1 Add 1 10 of output amplitude and offset specification per C for operation outside the range of 18 C to 28 C 2 DC offset set to 0 V 3 Tyical spurious output at low amplitude is 0 dBm 4 Add 1 ppm C average for operation outside the range of 18 C to 28 C 92 U2761A User s Guide Index A Accuracy 90 Agilent Automation Ready CD ROM 7 Measurement Manager 81 Sales Office 7 8 VEE Pro 9 AM 2 16 30 39 40 42 44 91 Carrier frequency 41 Carrier waveform 40 91 depth 91 Modulating Waveform 42 Modulating waveform frequency 43 Modulation Depth 43 SCPI commands 44 Soft Front Panel Operation 40 APPLy 19 21 23 24 29 31 32 41 42 47 48 53 Arbitrary waveform 2 16 19 40 46 52 57 62 67 81 82 83 89 ASK 2 16 66 69 91 carrier frequency 68 carrier waveform 67 91 rate 69 SCPI commands 69 soft front panel operation 67 Asymmetry 88 B bus trigger 79 U2761A User s Guide C carrier frequency 41 47 53 58 63 68 waveform 39 40 45 46 51 52 57 62 67 91 characteristics common 90 product 86 specifications measurement 88 sweep 92 trigger 92 waveform 88 compliance EMC 86 safety 86 storage 86 configuration output 16 25 26 pin 10 D DC offset 23 90
4. v Agilent Automation Ready CD ROM contains the IO Libraries Suite v Agilent USB Modular Products and Systems Quick Start Guide vY Agilent USB Modular Products and Systems Product Reference DVD ROM v Agilent Measurement Manager Quick Reference Card v Certificate of Calibration 1 1 Getting Started Inspection and Maintenance Initial Inspection When you receive your U2761A inspect the unit for any obvious damage such as broken terminals or cracks dents and scratches on the casing that may occur during shipment If any damage is found notify the nearest Agilent Sales Office immediately The front of this manual contains the warranty information Keep the original packaging in case the U2761A has to be returned to Agilent in the future If you return the U2761A for service attach a tag identifying the owner and model number Also include a brief description of the problem Electrical Check The U2761A USB Modular Function Arbitrary Waveform Generator Service Guide will provide the complete verification and calibration procedures The procedures will verify to a high level of confidence that the U2761A is operating in accordance with its specifications General Maintenance Any repair that is not covered in your modular product manuals should only be performed by qualified personnel 1 Power off your module and remove the power cord and I O cable from your device 2 Remove your module from the bumper cas
5. 12 U2761A User s Guide U2761A User s Guide Getting Started 1 2 The Software Licensing window will appear with the Activate License tab as the active tab 2 Software Licensing E Refresh verify License License File Browse 3 Ensure that the device you want to activate is connected to your PC and is powered on 4 Click Browse to locate your device license key lic If you do not have a device license key lic you will need to redeem your device license key at www agilent com find softwarelicense Follow the on screen instructions to redeem a valid license key for your device 5 Select your device license key and click Open 6 Click Activate to verify your device license If successful the License Activation completed message will be displayed in the status bar 7 If an invalid license key is used a warning message will appear as shown below when you click Activate Software Licensing 8 Click OK and ensure that a valid license key is selected before you click Activate 13 1 14 Getting Started To Verify your Device License 1 Go to Tools gt License Panel 2 The Software Licensing window will appear with the Activate License tab as the active tab 3 Select the Verify License tab as the active tab 2 Software Lice nsing ce f Activate License ferify License Device Model Serial Number Option Number Remark gt 4 Ensure that the device s
6. 92 DDS 2 depth 39 43 44 89 91 deviation frequency 45 47 49 50 91 phase 51 55 91 PSK 64 65 91 dimensions 5 6 86 duty cycle 20 28 29 30 33 37 38 42 48 54 79 88 91 Index F FM carrier frequency 47 carrier waveform 46 91 frequency deviation 49 91 modulating waveform 48 modulating waveform frequency 49 SCPI commands 50 FSK Hop frequency 59 carrier frequency 58 carrier waveform 57 91 rate 60 SCPI commands 60 Harmonic distortion 88 humidity operating 86 storage 86 installation chassis 11 Isolation 90 J jitter 88 89 93 Index L limits amplitude 17 23 duty cycle 20 frequency 28 function 17 20 offset voltage 21 output termination 21 units selection 22 L Mount kit 7 11 0 output amplitude 21 23 25 26 90 control 31 frequency 19 90 function 16 SCPI commands 32 sweep 70 73 termination 26 units 25 P paragraph tags 2 phase noise 88 PM carrier frequency 53 carrier waveform 52 91 modulating waveform 54 modulating waveform frequency 54 phase deviation 55 91 SCPI commands 55 94 product dimensions 5 86 outlook 3 specifications 88 Programmable symmetry 89 protection 90 PSK carrier frequency 63 carrier waveform 62 91 deviation 64 91 rate 64 SCPI commands 65 pulse duty cycle 37 period 35 SCPI commands 38 waveform 35 width 36 89 92 R Ramp 30 34 89 remote interface 86 resolution 90 rise fall time 88 RMS 88 89 92 S
7. Figure 2 11 Panel view of the output section U2761A User s Guide 31 2 32 Features and Functions Remote Interface Operation OUTPut 0 OFF 1 ON The APPLy command overrides the current setting and automatically enables the output control Set Output Using SCPI Commands The following SCPI commands show a sample procedure of generating output Example 1 To output a DC voltage gt Chis Rol gt FUNC DC gt VOLT OFPS 1 gt OUTP LOAD INF gt OUTP ON To reset the U2761A to default power on state this command can be ignored if this operation is not required Sets the output to DC Sets the output DC offset voltage to 1 VDC Changes the output termination to infinity Turns on output U2761A User s Guide U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 Example 2 To output a Sine wave gt CLS RST To reset the U2761A to default power on state this command can be ignored if this operation is not required gt FUNC SIN Sets the output to Sine wave gt VOLT 5 VPP Sets the output amplitude to 5 Vpp gt FREQ 1000 Sets the output frequency to 1 kHz gt VOLT OFFS 0 Sets the output offset to 0 gt OUTP ON Turns on output Example 3 To output a Square wave gt CLS RST To reset the U2761A to default power on state this command can be ignored if this operation is not required gt APPL SQU 2000 5 VPP 0O Sets the out
8. OPERATING ENVIRONMENT e Operating temperature from 0 C to 50 C e Operating humidity at 20 to 85 RH non condensing e Altitude up to 2000 meters e Pollution Degree 2 e For indoor use only STORAGE COMPLIANCE e Storage temperature from 20 C to 70 C e Storage humidity at 5 to 90 RH non condensing SAFETY COMPLIANCE Certified with e IEC 61010 1 2001 EN61010 1 2001 2nd Edition e Canada CAN CSA C22 2 No 61010 1 04 e USA ANSI UL 61010 1 2004 EMC COMPLIANCE e IEC 61326 2002 EN 61326 1997 A1 1998 A2 2001 A3 2003 e Canada ICES 001 2004 e Australia New Zealand AS NZS CISPR11 2004 SHOCK amp VIBRATION Tested to IEC EN 60068 2 10 CONNECTOR BNC connector DIMENSION WxDxH e 117 00 mm x 180 00 mm x 41 00 mm with bumpers e 105 00 mm x 175 00 mm x 25 00 mm without bumpers 86 U2761A User s Guide Characteristics and Specifications 3 WEIGHT 528g with bumpers 476 g without bumpers WARRANTY e Please refer to http www agilent com go warranty_terms One year for the product Three months for the product s standard accessories unless other wise specified e Please take note that for the product the warranty does not cover Damage from contamination Normal wear and tear of mechanical components Manuals 1 For remote connections using Agilent E5813A refer to Chapter 1 2 Compatible with Microsoft Windows operating systems only U2761A User s Guide 87 3 Characteristics and Specificati
9. Sets the carrier frequency to 1 kHz gt VOLT 5 VPP Sets the output amplitude to 5 Vpp gt VOLT OFFS 0 Sets the output offset to 0 gt ASK INT RATE 10 Sets the ASK rate to 10 Hz gt OUTP ON Turns on output 2 Features and Functions Frequency Sweep In the frequency sweep mode the U2761A steps from the start frequency to the stop frequency at a sweep rate which you specify You can sweep up or down in frequency and with either linear or logarithmic spacing You can also configure the U2761A to output a single sweep one pass from start frequency to stop frequency by applying an External or Manual software trigger The U2761A can produce a frequency sweep for Sine Square Ramp Triangle or Arbitrary s waveform Pulse and DC are not allowed The figure below shows an example of the frequency sweep Frequency Linear type Start frequency gt Stop frequency Figure 2 27 Frequency sweep To Select Sweep 70 The U2761A does not allow the sweep mode to be enabled at the same time that any modulation mode is enabled Soft Front Panel Operation Click Sweep Swej as shown in Figure 2 28 To output sweep configure the settings for frequencies output amplitude offset sweep type and time and trigger setup U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 Sweep Type Sweep Time Linear Log 1 zec iel Start Frequency Trigger Setup i Ea Stop Frequency 1
10. amplitude and offset PSK Carrier Frequency U2761A User s Guide The maximum carrier frequency depends on the function selected as shown below The default is 1 kHz for all functions Table 2 8 Carrier frequency for PSK Function Minimum frequency Maximum frequency sine 1 wHz 20 MHz Square 1 uHz 20 MHz Ramp Triangle 1 uHz 200 kHz Arbitrary 1 wHz 200 kHz 2 Mhz Option U2010A Only Square wave with a 50 duty cycle is available for the Internal PSK modulating waveform Soft Front Panel Operation On the Frequency panel shown in Figure 2 3 input the desired frequency value and select the unit from the drop down list Remote Interface Operation FREQuency lt frequency gt You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset 63 2 64 Features and Functions PSK Rate The PSK rate is the rate at which the output phase shifts between two preset phases The range of the PSK rate is 2 mHz to 100 kHz The default PSK rate value is 10 Hz Soft Front Panel Operation On the PSK Rate panel as shown in Figure 2 24 input the desired PSK rate value and select the unit from the drop down list Remote Interface Operation PSKey INTernal RATE lt rate in Hz gt PSK Deviation The deviation setting represents the phase variation of the shifted waveform from the carrier waveform The deviation can be set from O to 360 The default deviation setting is 180 Sof
11. Deviation Shape 100 fy Hz w Sine Mod Frequency 100 He Figure 2 18 Panel view of FM Remote Interface Operation FM STATe 0 OFF 1 ON Carrier Waveform The FM carrier waveform consists of Sine Square Ramp Triangle or Arbitrary waveform The default waveform is Sine wave You cannot use Pulse or DC as the carrier waveform Soft Front Panel Operation For Arbitrary waveforms select Arb at the top panel as shown in Figure 2 2 and select the desired waveform from the drop down list NonBuitinwav as shown in Figure 2 16 U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare RAMP USER You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset Carrier Frequency U2761A User s Guide The maximum carrier frequency depends on the selected function as shown below The default is 1 kHz for all functions Table 2 4 Carrier frequency for FM Function Minimum frequency Maximum frequency Sine 1 uHz 20 MHz Square 1 uHz 20 MHz Ramp Triangle 1 uHz 200 kHz Arbitrary 1 uHz 200 kHz 2 Mhz Option U2010A The carrier frequency must always be greater than or equal to the frequency deviation plus 1 uHz If you attempt to set the deviation to a value plus 1 uHz greater than the carrier frequency with FM enabled the U2761A will automatically adjusts the deviation to the maximum value allowed with the present carrier fre
12. Enables AM gt FUNC SQU Sets the carrier waveform to Square wave gt FREQ 2000 Sets the carrier frequency to 2 kHz gt VOLT 5 VPP Sets the output amplitude to 5 Vpp gt VOLT OFFS 0 Sets the output offset to 0 gt AM INT FUNC SIN Changes the modulating waveform shape to Sine wave gt AM INT FREQ 500 Changes the modulating frequency to 500 Hz gt AM DEPT 50 Changes the modulation depth to 50 gt OUTP ON Turns on output 44 U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 Frequency Modulation FM A modulated waveform consists of a carrier waveform and a modulating waveform Below shows an example of the FM waveform In FM the frequency of the carrier is varied by the instantaneous voltage of the modulating waveform The variation in frequency of the modulated waveform from the carrier frequency is called the frequency deviation Modulating frequency FM deviation T N Figure 2 17 FM waveform To Select FM The U2761A allows only one modulation mode to be enabled at a time The U2761A does not allow FM to be enabled at the same time that sweep is enabled U2761A User s Guide 45 2 Ab Features and Functions Soft Front Panel Operation Click Mod Mod and then select FM jj as shown in Figure 2 18 To output the FM waveform configure the settings for the carrier frequency output amplitude offset voltage modulating frequency deviation and the desired waveform
13. as shown in Figure 2 18 input the desired frequency deviation value and select the unit from the drop down list Remote Interface Operation FM DEViation lt peak deviation in Hz gt Generate FM Using SCPI Commands Example 1 gt CLS RST To reset the U2761A to default power on state this command can be ignored if this operation is not required gt FM STAT ON Enables FM gt FUNC SIN Sets the carrier waveform to Sine wave gt FREQ 1000 Sets the carrier frequency to 1 kHz gt VOLT 5 VPP Sets the output amplitude to 5 Vpp gt VOLT OFFS 0 Sets the output offset to 0 gt FM INT FUNC SIN Changes the modulating waveform shape to Sine wave gt FM INT FREQ 500 Changes the modulating frequency to 500 Hz gt FM DEV 100 Changes the frequency deviation to 100 Hz gt OUTP ON Turns on output U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 Phase Modulation PM A modulated waveform consists of a carrier waveform and a modulating waveform The following figure shows an example of a PM waveform PM is very similar to FM but in PM the phase of the modulated waveform is varied by the instantaneous voltage of the modulating waveform The variation in phase of the modulated waveform from the carrier waveform is called the phase deviation Modulating frequency Phase deviation 7 Figure 2 19 PM waveform To Select PM The U2761A allows only one modulation mode to be e
14. below The default is 1 kHz for all functions Table 2 9 Carrier frequency for ASK Function Minimum frequency Maximum frequency sine 1 wHz 20 MHz Square 1 uHz 20 MHz Ramp Triangle 1 uHz 200 kHz Arbitrary 1 wHz 200 kHz 2 Mhz Option U2010A Only Square wave with a 50 duty cycle is available for the Internal ASK modulating waveform Soft Front Panel Operation On the Frequency panel as shown in Figure 2 3 input the desired frequency value and select the unit from the drop down list Remote Interface Operation FREQuency lt frequency gt You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset U2761A User s Guide ASK Rate Features and Functions 2 The ASK rate is the rate at which the output amplitude shifts between two preset amplitudes The range of the ASK rate is 2 mHz to 100 kHz The default ASK rate value is 10 Hz Soft Front Panel Operation On the ASK Rate panel as shown in Figure 2 26 input the desired ASK rate value and select the unit from the drop down list Remote Interface Operation ASKey INTernal RATE lt rate in Hz gt Generate ASK Modulation Using SCPI Commands U2761A User s Guide Example 1 gt CLS RST To reset the U2761A to default power on state this command can be ignored if this operation is not required gt ASK STAT ON Enables ASK modulation gt FUNC SIN Sets the carrier waveform to Sine wave gt FREQ 1000
15. is shown below The rate at which the output shifts between the two frequencies called the carrier frequency and the hop frequency is determined by the internal rate generator FSK rate Hop frequency Figure 2 21 FSK modulation waveform To Select FSK Modulation The U2761A allows only one modulation mode to be enabled at a time The U2761A does not allow FSK to be enabled at the same time that sweep is enabled 56 U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 Soft Front Panel Operation Click Mod Mody and select FSK as shown in Figure 2 22 To output the FSK waveform configure the settings for the carrier frequency output amplitude offset voltage hop frequency and FSK rate Hop Frequency 100 ey He x FSK Fate SH se Figure 2 22 Panel view of FSK Remote Interface Operation FSKey STATe 0 OFF 1 0ON Carrier Waveform U2761A User s Guide The FSK carrier waveform consists of Sine Square Ramp Triangle or Arbitrary waveform The default carrier waveform is Sine wave You cannot use Pulse or DC as the carrier waveform Soft Front Panel Operation For Arbitrary waveforms click Arb Abb at the top panel as shown in Figure 2 2 and select the desired waveform from the drop down list Hon Butinwa as shown in Figure 2 16 57 2 58 Features and Functions Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare RAMP USER You can also use the APPLy command to select
16. one of the three built in Arbitrary waveforms or create your own custom waveforms In addition you can internally modulate Sine Square Ramp Triangle and Arbitrary waveforms using AM FM PM FSK PSK or ASK The linear or logarithmic frequency sweeping is available for Sine Square Ramp Triangle and Arbitrary waveforms The table below shows which output functions are allowed with modulation and sweep Each V indicates a valid combination If you change to a function that is not applicable for modulation or sweep then the modulation or mode will be disabled ee Oe a ee re 2 se Te e a a amrnoma VY FH PSK ASKInema a VT Sweep Mode 16 U2761A User s Guide U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 Function Limitation If you change to a function where the maximum frequency is less than the current function the frequency will be adjusted to the maximum value for the new function For example if you are currently outputting a 20 MHz sine wave and then change to the Ramp function the U2761A will automatically adjusts the output frequency to 200 kHz the upper limit for Ramp Amplitude Limitation If you change to a function where the maximum amplitude is less than the current function the amplitude will automatically be adjusted to the maximum value for the new function This may occur when the output units are Vrms or dBm due to the differences in crest factor for the various outp
17. point s to delete point s or to clear current Arbitrary graph 7 Sending waveform to the U2761A To send the waveform to the U2761A click a Gend Waveform f Once the Send waveform in progress has completed the Send waveform has completed message is displayed The downloading of an Arbitrary waveform may take up to several minutes The status bar at the bottom of the Arbitrary waveform editor window shows the progress of the download Please wait for the Send waveform has completed message to be displayed before proceeding with the next step Figure 2 32 Waveform download in progress 83 2 Features and Functions 8 Saving the waveform To save the waveform for future use click fel Then select Compatible With Intuilink and click 2 Input the desired file name and click to save the file 9 Exiting the waveform editor To exit the waveform editor click 84 U2761A User s Guide Agilent U2761A USB Modular Function Arbitrary Waveform Generator User s Guide 3 Characteristics and Specifications Product Characteristics 86 Product Specifications and Characteristics 88 This chapter specifies the characteristics environmental conditions and specifications of the U2761A ee Agilent Technologies 85 3 Characteristics and Specifications Product Characteristics REMOTE INTERFACE Hi Speed USB 2 0 e USBTMC 488 2 Class device POWER CONSUMPTION e 12VDC 2A e Isolated ELV power source
18. sampling rate 89 settling time 89 shock 86 spurious 88 92 start frequency 71 stop frequency 71 storage humidity 86 storage temperature 86 Sweep 70 sweep mode 72 SCPI commands 74 time 72 73 92 trigger source 73 symmetry 30 T tags paragraphs 2 triggering External 75 77 input signal 78 92 Internal 75 76 79 Manual 75 76 79 output signal 78 92 SCPI commands 80 W warranty 87 weight 87 U2761A User s Guide www agilent com Contact us To obtain service warranty or technical support assistance contact us at the fol lowing phone numbers United States tel 800 829 4444 fax 800 829 4433 Canada tel 877 894 4414 fax 800 746 4866 China tel 800 810 0189 fax 800 820 2816 Europe tel 31 20 547 2111 Japan tel 81 426 56 7832 fax 81 426 56 7840 Korea tel 080 7690800 fax 080 769 0900 Latin America tel 305 269 7500 Taiwan tel 0800 047 866 fax 0800 286 331 Other Asia Pacific Countries tel 65 6375 8100 fax 65 6755 0042 Or visit Agilent worldwide web at www agilent com find assist Product specifications and descriptions in this document are subject to change with out notice Always refer to Agilent web site for latest revision Agilent Technologies Inc 2008 2011 Sixth Edition October 28 2011 U2761 90000 fit Agilent Technologies
19. that the waveform is not inverted 0 Symmetry 100 Symmetry Figure 2 9 Ramp wave duty cycles e The symmetry percentage is stored in volatile memory where the symmetry is set to default 100 upon power off or after a remote interface reset e The symmetry setting is stored when you change from Ramp wave to another function Thus when you return to the Ramp function the previous symmetry is used e If you select a Ramp waveform as the modulating waveform for AM FM or PM the symmetry setting does not apply Soft Front Panel Operation After selecting Ramp Rampal at the top panel as shown in Figure 2 2 on the Symmetry panel below input the desired symmetry value Symmetry Edit i ba Figure 2 10 Panel view of the symmetry section U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion RAMP SYMMetry lt percent gt The APPLy command automatically sets the symmetry to 100 Output Control You can disable or enable the soft front panel output control By default the output is disabled at power on When enabled the Output one button is illuminated If an excessive external voltage is applied to the device output connector the output will be disabled To re enable the output remove the overload from the output connector and click Output oma to enable the output Soft Front Panel Operation Click Output o to enable or disable the output as shown in Figure 2 11
20. the function frequency amplitude and offset FSK Carrier Frequency The maximum carrier frequency depends on the function selected as shown below The default carrier frequency is 1 kHz for all functions Table 2 6 Carrier frequency for FSK Function Minimum frequency Maximum frequency Sine 1 uHz 20 MHz Square 1 uHz 20 MHz Ramp Triangle 1 uHz 200 kHz Arbitrary 1 uHz 200 kHz 2 Mhz Option U2010A Soft Front Panel Operation On the Frequency panel as shown in Figure 2 3 input the desired frequency value and select the unit from the drop down list Remote Interface Operation FREQuency lt frequency gt You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 FSK Hop Frequency The maximum alternate or hop frequency depends on the function selected as shown below The default hop frequency is 100 Hz for all functions Table 2 7 Hop frequency Function Minimum frequency Maximum frequency sine 1 uHz 20 MHz Square 1 uHz 20 MHz Ramp Triangle 1 uHz 200 kHz Arbitrary 1 wHz 200 kHz 2 MHz Option U2010A Only Square wave with a 50 duty cycle is available for the Internal FSK modulating waveform Soft Front Panel Operation On the Hop Frequency panel as shown in Figure 2 22 input the desired hop frequency value and select the unit from the drop down list Remote Interface Operation FSKey FREQ
21. the specified sweep time e When the External source is selected the U2761A accepts a hardware trigger applied to the device Trig In connector The U2761A initiates one sweep each time Trig In receives a TTL pulse with the specified polarity e When the Manual source is selected the U2761A outputs one sweep each time the soft front panel Trigger _ Mase is clicked Soft Front Panel Operation On the Trigger Setup panel as shown in Figure 2 28 select the desired sweep trigger source from the drop down list Manual at the Source panel 13 2 74 Features and Functions To specify whether the U2761A is triggered on the rising or falling edge of the signal from the Trig In connector select Positive Positive for rising edge triggering and Negative Negative for falling edge triggering Remote Interface Operation TRIGger SOURce IMMediate EXTernal BUS Use the following command to specify whether the U2761A is triggered on the rising or falling edge of the signal from the Trig In connector TRIGger SLOPe POSitive NEGative Set Frequency Sweep Using SCPI Commands Example 1 gt OLS Roe FUNC SIN VOLT 5 VPP VOLT OFFS 0 SWE STAT ON FREQ STAR 500 FREQ STOP 10000 SWE SPAC LIN SWE TIME 2 TRIG SOUR EXT TRIG SLOP POS OUTP ON To reset the U2761A to default power on state this command can be ignored if this operation is not required Sets the carrier waveform to Sine wave
22. the specified offset voltage is not valid the U2761A will automatically adjusts it to the maximum DC voltage allowed with the specified amplitude U2761A User s Guide 23 2 Features and Functions Soft Front Panel Operation On the Offset panel as shown in Figure 2 5 input the desired offset value and select the unit from the drop down list Offset Edit Offset Figure 2 5 Panel view of the DC offset section Remote Interface Operation VOLTage OFFSet lt offset gt Or you can set the offset by specifying a high level and low level using the following commands VOLTage HIGH lt voltage gt VOLTage LOW lt voltage gt You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset 24 U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 Output Units This configuration applies to output amplitude only At power on the units for output amplitude are volts peak to peak e The output units consist of Vpp Vrms or dBm The default unit is Vpp e The unit setting is stored in volatile memory The units are set to Vpp upon power off or after a remote interface reset e The output units for amplitude cannot be set to dBm if the output termination is currently set to high impedance The units are automatically converted to Vpp Soft Front Panel Operation On the Amplitude panel as shown in Figure 2 4 input the desired amplitude value and select the unit from the drop do
23. Agilent U2 61A USB Modular Function Arbitrary Waveform Generator User s Guide fhe Agilent Technologies Notices Agilent Technologies Inc 2008 2011 No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means including elec tronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language without prior agree ment and written consent from Agilent Technologies Inc as governed by United States and international copyright laws Manual Part Number U2761 90000 Edition Sixth Edition October 28 2011 Agilent Technologies Inc 3501 Stevens Creek Blvd Santa Clara CA 95052 USA Trademark Acknowledgements Pentium is a U S registered trademark of Intel Corporation Microsoft Visual Studio Windows and MS Windows are trademarks of Microsoft Cor poration in the United States and or other countries Warranty The material contained in this docu ment is provided as is and is sub ject to being changed without notice in future editions Further to the max imum extent permitted by applicable law Agilent disclaims all warranties either express or implied with regard to this manual and any information contained herein including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a par ticular purpose Agilent shall not be liable for errors or for incidental or consequential damages in connec tion with the furnishing use or per formance of this docum
24. Arbitrary waveform function Click Arb Abw to select the Arbitrary function Set the waveform period Select Period fe Mseimmg and use the numeric keypad or numeric drop down to set the period for the waveform For example set the period of the waveform to 10 ms a Set the waveform voltage limits Select HiLevel Be dii cm and Lolevel to set the high and low voltage levels that can be reached while editing the waveform The upper limit must be greater than the lower limit For example set the upper limit to 2 0 V and the lower limit to O V Start the Arbitrary waveform editor Select Non Built in Waveform from the Arbitrary s drop down list Non Buitinwav and click to start the Arbitrary waveform editor Select the interpolation method Click HH to enable or disable linear interpolation between the user defined points With interpolation enabled default the waveform editor makes a straight line connection between the points With interpolation disabled the waveform editor maintains a constant voltage level between the points and creates a step like waveform U2761A User s Guide U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 6 Start waveform editing process Click to begin the freehand draw mode or to enable line draw mode To enable or disable the grid reference click Hy Then start drawing the desired waveform To edit the waveform click either to add line point s to edit
25. BPUB USB backplane input detect CLK10M 10 MHz clock source STAR_TRIG Star trigger GA0 GA1 GA2 Geographical address pin U2761A User s Guide Getting Started 1 Chassis Installation The L mount kit is to be installed to your U2761A module The following instructions describe the simple procedure of installing the L mount kit and your module in the U2781A chassis 1 Unpack the L mount kit from its packaging 2 Remove your U2761A module from the bumper casing 3 Using a Phillips screwdriver fasten the L Mount kit to your U2761A module 4 Insert your U2761A module into the U2781A chassis with the 55 pin backplane connector positioned at the bottom of the module 5 Once you have slotted the module into the chassis tighten the screws of the L mount kit to secure the connection U2761A User s Guide 11 1 Getting Started Activate Your Device License If you have purchased an Agilent U2761A with option U2010A you are required to activate the device license before you can use its additional feature in the Agilent Measurement Manager You may activate the device license through the Software Licensing application The following instructions will guide you through on how to use the Software Licensing application To Activate Your Device License 1 Go to Tools gt License Panel Agilent Measurement Manager File Edit View amp gt Pp Select Device Ei I Command Logger License Panel
26. OURce BUS When the BUS source is selected send the TRIG or TRG command to trigger the U2761A External Triggering In the External trigger mode the U2761A accepts a hardware trigger applied to the device Trig In connector The U2761A initiates one sweep each time Trig In receives a TTL pulse with the specified edge Also refer to Trigger Input Signal on page 78 Soft Front Panel Operation On the Trigger Setup panel as shown in Figure 2 28 select External from the drop down list intemal at the Source panel To specify whether the U2761A is triggered on the rising or falling edge select Positive Positive for triggering on the rising edge and Negative Negative for triggering on the falling edge Remote Interface Operation TRIGger SOURce EXTernal Use the following command to specify whether the U2761A is triggered on the rising or falling edge TRIGger SLOPe POSitive NEGative U2761A User s Guide 77 2 Features and Functions Trigger Input Signal Trigger in a INPUT 2 5 to 5V gt 100 ns OV Rising edge shown Figure 2 29 Trigger input pulse The device connector is used for Triggered Sweep Mode refer to Sweep Trigger Source on page 73 When the rising or falling edge of the TTL pulse is received on the Trig In connector the U2761A outputs a single sweep refer to External Triggering on page 77 Trigger Output Signal A trigger out signal is provided on the device Trig Out
27. U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 Amplitude Modulation AM A modulated waveform consists of a carrier waveform and a modulating waveform An example of the AM waveform is shown in Figure 2 14 In AM the amplitude of the carrier is varied by the instantaneous voltage of the modulating waveform The amount of amplitude modulation is called the modulation depth which refers to the portion of the amplitude range that will be used by the modulation Modulating frequency LAN Figure 2 14 AM waveform To Select AM The U2761A allows only one modulation mode at a time The U2761A does not allow modulation when sweep is enabled U2761A User s Guide 39 2 40 Features and Functions Soft Front Panel Operation Click Mod 4J and then select AM gj as shown in Figure 2 15 To output the AM waveform configure the settings for the carrier frequency modulating frequency depth output amplitude offset voltage and the desired waveform Shape 10 Sine Mod Frequency 1SH Figure 2 15 Panel view of AM Remote Interface Operation AM STATe 0 OFF 1 ON Carrier Waveform The AM carrier waveform consists of Sine Square Ramp Triangle or Arbitrary waveform The default waveform is Sine wave You cannot use Pulse or DC as the carrier waveform Soft Front Panel Operation For Arbitrary waveform select Arb Abw at the top panel as shown in Figure 2 2 and then select the desired waveform f
28. connector used with sweep only When enabled a TTL compatible Square waveform with either a rising default or falling edge is output to the device Trig Out connector at the beginning of the sweep Trigger out OUTPUT gt 500 us OV Rising edge shown Figure 2 30 Trigger output pulse 78 U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 When the Internal immediate trigger source is selected the U2761A outputs a Square waveform with a 50 duty cycle to the Trig Out connector at the beginning of the sweep The period of the Square waveform is equal to the specified sweep time When the Manual software trigger source is selected the U2761A outputs a pulse to the Trig Out connector at the beginning of each sweep Soft Front Panel Operation After enabling sweep to specify whether the U2761A outputs a TTL compatible Square waveform with either a rising or falling edge select Positive Positive for rising edge and Negative Negative for falling edge Remote Interface Operation OUTPut TRIGger 0 OFF 1 ON OUTPut TRIGger SLOPe POSitive NEGative U2761A User s Guide 79 2 Features and Functions Set Triggering Using SCPI Commands Example 1 gt CLS RST FUNC SIN VOLT 5 VPP VOLT OFFS 0 SWE STAT ON FREQ STAR 500 FREQ STOP 10000 SWE SPAC LIN SWE TIME 2 TRIG SOUR IMM OUTP TRIG ON OUTP TRIG SLOP POS OUTP ON To reset the U2761A to default power on state this comman
29. d can be ignored if this operation is not required Sets the carrier waveform to Sine wave Sets the output amplitude to 5 Vpp Sets the output offset to 0 Enables frequency sweep Changes the start frequency to 500 Hz Changes the stop frequency to 10 kHz Changes the sweep mode to Linear Changes the sweep time to 2 s Changes the sweep trigger source to Internal Turns on the trigger output Outputs the trigger on a rising edge Turns on output U2761A User s Guide Arbitrary Waveforms Features and Functions 2 There are three built in Arbitrary waveforms offered The U2761A supports the Arbitrary waveform up to 65536 64K data points You can create an Arbitrary waveform using the soft front panel as described in the following For further information please refer to the Agilent Measurement Manager help file To Create and Store an Arbitrary Waveform U2761A User s Guide This section provides you an example on the procedure to create and store an Arbitrary waveform using the soft front panel To create an Arbitrary waveform remotely refer to the Agilent U2761A USB Modular Function Waveform Generator Programmer s Reference You will create and store the Ramp waveform shown below as an example Amplitude 2 Vpp Period 10 ms Seletraey Wiretloem bitor O RSs i E ey Figure 2 31 Ramp waveform 81 2 82 Features and Functions Select the
30. determined by the internal rate generator An example of the ASK modulation waveform is shown in the following ASK rate Figure 2 25 ASK modulation waveform To Select ASK Modulation The U2761A allows only one modulation mode to be enabled at a time The U2761A does not allow ASK to be enabled at the same time that sweep is enabled 66 U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 Soft Front Panel Operation Click Mod Med and then select ASK JG as shown in Figure 2 26 To output the ASK waveform configure the settings for the carrier frequency output amplitude offset voltage and ASK rate ASE Rate Tle Hey Figure 2 26 Panel view of ASK Remote Interface Operation ASKey STATe 0 OFF 1 ON Carrier Waveform U2761A User s Guide The ASK carrier waveform consists of Sine Square Ramp Triangle or Arbitrary waveform The default waveform is Sine wave You cannot use Pulse or DC as the carrier waveform Soft Front Panel Operation For Arbitrary waveforms select Arb AD ale at the top panel as shown in Figure 2 2 and select the desired waveform from the drop down list Hon Buitinwav as shown in Figure 2 16 67 2 Features and Functions Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare RAMP USER You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset Carrier Frequency The maximum carrier frequency depends on the function selected as shown
31. e and select the unit from the drop down list To set the waveform period instead select Period Peiiod f Edit all Frequency edit Frequency Period Figure 2 3 Panel view of the frequency section U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 Remote Interface Operation FREQuency lt frequency gt You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset Output Amplitude The default amplitude is 1 Vpp into 50 2 for all functions Offset Voltage Limitations The relation between the output amplitude and offset voltage is Shown below Vmax is the maximum peak voltage for the selected output termination 5 V for a 50 Q load or 10 V for a high impedance load Yop lt 2 x Vmax 7 V offset Limits Due to Output Termination If you change the output termination setting the value of the output amplitude will be adjusted and no error will be generated For example if you set the amplitude to 5 Vpp and then change the output termination from 50 Q to high impedance the amplitude value will double to 10 Vpp If you change from high impedance to 50 Q the displayed amplitude value will drop to half For more information see Output Termination on page 26 U2761A User s Guide 21 2 22 Features and Functions Limits Due to Units Selection In some cases the amplitude limits are determined by the output units selected This may occur when the un
32. ent or of any information contained herein Should Agilent and the user have a separate written agreement with warranty terms covering the material in this document that conflict with these terms the warranty terms in the sep arate agreement shall control Technology Licenses The hardware and or software described in this document are furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accor dance with the terms of such license Restricted Rights Legend U S Government Restricted Rights Soft ware and technical data rights granted to the federal government include only those rights customarily provided to end user cus tomers Agilent provides this customary commercial license in Software and techni cal data pursuant to FAR 12 211 Technical Data and 12 212 Computer Software and for the Department of Defense DFARS 252 227 7015 Technical Data Commercial Items and DFARS 227 7202 3 Rights in Commercial Computer Software or Com puter Software Documentation Safety Notices CAUTION A CAUTION notice denotes a haz ard It calls attention to an operat ing procedure practice or the like that if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in damage to the product or loss of important data Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met A WARNING notice denotes a hazard It calls attention to an operating procedure practice or the like
33. ere or in the presence of flammable gases or fumes Do not use the equipment if it does not operate properly Have the equipment inspected by qualified service personnel s Observe all markings on the instrument before connecting any wiring to the instrument e Use the device with the cables provided e Repair or service that is not covered in this manual should only be performed by qualified personnel s U2761A User s Guide Environment Conditions This instrument is designed for indoor use and in the area with low condensation The table below shows the general environmental requirements for this instrument Environment conditions Requirements Operating temperature 0 C to 50 C Operating humidity 20 to 85 RH non condensing Storage temperature 20 C to 70 C Storage humidity 5 to 90 RH non condensing CAUTION The U2761A USB modular function arbitrary waveform generator complies with the following safety and EMC requirements IEC 61010 1 2001 EN61010 1 2001 2nd Edition Canada CAN CSA C 22 2 No 61010 1 04 USA ANSI UL 61010 1 2004 IEC 61326 2002 EN 61326 1997 A1 1998 A2 2001 A3 2003 Canada ICES 001 2004 Australia New Zealand AS NZS CISPR11 2004 U2761A User s Guide Regulatory Markings Vi ICES NMB 001 The CE mark is a registered trademark of the European Community This CE mark shows that the product complies with all the relevant European Legal Directives N10149 ICES NMB 001 i
34. he 50 threshold of the next falling edge e Pulse duty cycle gt 0 to lt 100 see restrictions below The default is 50 e The specified pulse duty cycle must conform to the following restrictions determined by the minimum pulse width Wmin The U2761A will adjust the pulse duty cycle as needed to accommodate the specified period Duty Cycle 100 x Wmin Period and Duty Cycle lt 100 x 1 Wmin Period where Wmin 40 ns for period lt 10 s Wmin 200 ns for period gt 10 s but lt 100 s Wmin 2 us for period gt 100 s but lt 1000 s Wmin 20 us for period gt 1000 s Soft Front Panel Operation After selecting Pulse Pulse TL at the top panel as shown in Figure 2 2 select Duty Cycle KAOWE as shown in Figure 2 13 and input the desired pulse duty cycle value on the Duty Cycle panel Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion PULSe DCYCle lt percent gt U2761A User s Guide 37 2 38 Features and Functions Generate Pulse Waveform Using SCPI Commands Example 1 CLS FUNC VOLT VOLT PULS FUNC OUTP R T PULS gt VPP OFFS 0 PER 1 PULS DCYC 50 ON To reset the U2761A to default power on state this command can be ignored if this operation is not required Sets the output to Pulse wave Sets the output amplitude to 5 Vpp Sets the output offset to 0 Sets the pulse period to 1 s Set the pulse duty cycle to 50 Turns on output
35. ing 3 Shake off any dirt that may have accumulated on the module 4 Wipe your module with a dry cloth and install the bumper back in place U2761A User s Guide Getting Started Installation and Configuration U2761A User s Guide Follow the step by step instructions shown in the Agilent USB Modular Products and Systems Quick Start Guide to get started with the preparations and installations of your U2761A You need to install the IVI COM driver if you are going to use the U2 61A with Agilent VEE Pro LabVIEW or Microsoft Visual Studio 1 1 10 Getting Started 55 Pin Backplane Connector Pin Configuration The 55 pin backplane connector is used when the U2761A module is inserted into the U2781A USB modular instrument chassis For more details refer to the Agilent U27S1LA USB Modular Instrument Chassis User s Guide GND GND GND GND GND GND GND oof oe oe ft ref fee oe me oe ve fr ow oso GND TRIGS end TRIG2 GND TRIG1 GND TRIGO eno eno usso o GND GND TRIG6 is foe GND 12V aimee Te E nBPUB CLK10M GND _TRIG G GAO 12V Ce Pe Ei PEE EPeT Figure 1 1 55 pin backplane connector pin configuration Table 1 1 Synchronous Simultaneous Interface SSI connector pin description SSI timing signal Functionality GND Ground NC Not connected VBUS USB bus power sensing input USB D USB_D USB differential pair TRIGO TRIG Trigger bus 12 V 12 V power with 4 A current n
36. ion currently selected The default frequency is 1 kHz for all functions Table 2 2 Output frequency range Function Minimum frequency Maximum frequency Sine 1 wHz 20 MHz Square 1 uHz 20 MHz Ramp Triangle 1 uHz 200 kHz Pulse 500 uHz 5 MHz DC Not applicable Not applicable Arbitrary 1 uHz 200 kHz 2 MHz Option U2010A 19 2 20 Features and Functions Function Limitations If you change to a function where the maximum frequency is less than the current function the frequency will be adjusted to the maximum value for the new function For example if you are currently outputting a 20 MHz sine wave and then change to the Ramp function the U2761A will automatically adjusts the output frequency to 200 kHz the upper limit for Ramp Duty Cycle Limitations For Square waveforms the U2761A may not be able to use the full range of duty cycle values at higher frequencies as shown below e 20 to 80 frequency lt 10 MHz e 40 to 60 frequency gt 10 MHz If you change to a frequency that cannot produce the current duty cycle the duty cycle is automatically adjusted to the maximum value for the new frequency For example if you currently have the duty cycle set to 70 and then change the frequency to 12 MHz the U2761A will automatically adjusts the duty cycle to 60 the upper limit for this frequency Soft Front Panel Operation On the Frequency panel as shown in Figure 2 3 input the desired frequency valu
37. ion is currently set to high impedance The units are automatically converted to Vpp 26 U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 Soft Front Panel Operation Click Tools and select Waveform Gen as shown in the following Agilent Measurement Manager File Edit view gt al FY 5 n att Disconnect Tools Help Function Arbit Reset Factory Settings Self Test Command Logger DAQ Device Summary Figure 2 6 Panel view of the Tools menu Then select the Output Setup tab input the desired load impedance value on the Impedance Load panel and select the unit from the drop down list or select HighZ HighZ for high impedance load Remote Interface Operation OUTPut LOAD lt ohms gt INFinity U2761A User s Guide 27 2 28 Features and Functions Duty Cycle Square Waves The duty cycle of a Square wave represents the amount of time per cycle that the Square wave is at a high level assuming that the waveform is not inverted 20 Duty Cycle 80 Duty Cycle Figure 2 7 Square wave duty cycles Refer to Pulse Waveform on page 35 for the information on the duty cycle for Pulse waveforms Duty Cycle e 20 to 80 frequency lt 10 MHz e 40 to 60 frequency gt 10 MHz The duty cycle is stored in volatile memory where the duty cycle is set to default 50 upon power off or after a remote interface reset The duty cycle setting is stored
38. its are Vrms or dBm due to the differences in crest factor for the various output functions For example if you output a 2 5 Vrms Square wave into 50 Q and then change to the Sine wave function the U2761A will automatically adjusts the output amplitude to 1 768 Vrms the upper limit for Sine wave in Vrms You can set the output amplitude in Vpp Vrms or dBm For more information see Output Units on page 25 You cannot specify the output amplitude in dBm if the output termination is set to high impedance Soft Front Panel Operation On the Amplitude panel as shown in Figure 2 4 input the desired amplitude value and select the unit from the drop down list Amplitude Edi ET Hilevel Figure 2 4 Panel view of the amplitude section U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 Remote Interface Operation VOLTage lt amplitude gt Or you can set the amplitude by specifying a high level and low level using the following commands VOLTage HIGH lt voltage gt VOLTage LOW lt voltage gt You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset DC Offset Voltage The default offset is O V for all functions Limits Due to Amplitude The relation between the offset voltage and output amplitude is Shown below Vmax is the maximum peak voltage for the selected output termination 5 V for a 50 Q load or 10 V for a high impedance load V V offset S Y maz 7 pi If
39. lt modulating waveform frequency is 100 Hz Soft Front Panel Operation On the Mod Frequency panel as shown in Figure 2 18 input the desired modulating frequency value and select the unit from the drop down list Remote Interface Operation FM INTernal FREQuency lt frequency gt Frequency Deviation U2761A User s Guide The frequency deviation setting represents the peak variation in frequency of the modulated waveform from the carrier frequency The range of the frequency deviation is 1 Hz to 500 kHz limited to 100 kHz minus 1 uHz for Ramp and Arbitrary waveforms The default frequency deviation is 100 Hz The carrier frequency must always be greater than or equal to the frequency deviation plus 1 uHz If you attempt to set the deviation to a value plus 1 uHz greater than the carrier frequency with FM enabled the U2761A will automatically adjusts the deviation to the maximum value allowed with the present carrier frequency The sum of the carrier frequency and deviation must be less than or equal to the maximum frequency for the selected function 20 MHz for Sine and Square 200 kHz for Ramp and 200 kHz or 2 MHz with option U2010A for Arbitrary waveforms If you attempt to set the deviation to a value that is not valid the U2761A will automatically adjusts it to the maximum value allowed with the present carrier frequency 49 2 50 Features and Functions Soft Front Panel Operation On the Deviation panel
40. mmands Frequency Sweep 70 To Select Sweep 70 Start Frequency and Stop Frequency 71 Sweep Mode 72 Sweep Time 72 Sweep Trigger Source 73 Set Frequency Sweep Using SCPI Commands 74 Triggering 7 5 Trigger Source Choices 75 Internal Triggering 6 60 65 69 XIII Manual Triggering 76 External Triggering 77 Trigger Input Signal 78 Trigger Output Signal 78 Set Triggering Using SCPI Commands 80 Arbitrary Waveforms 81 To Create and Store an Arbitrary Waveform 81 3 Characteristics and Specifications 85 Product Characteristics 86 Product Specifications and Characteristics 88 Index 93 XIV U2761A User s Guide List of Figures U2761A User s Guide Figure 1 1 Figure 2 1 Figure 2 2 Figure 2 3 Figure 2 4 Figure 2 5 Figure 2 6 Figure 2 Figure 2 8 Figure 2 9 Figure 2 10 Figure 2 11 Figure 2 12 Figure 2 13 Figure 2 14 Figure 2 15 Figure 2 16 Figure 2 1 Figure 2 18 Figure 2 19 Figure 2 20 Figure 2 21 Figure 2 22 Figure 2 23 Figure 2 24 Figure 2 25 Figure 2 26 Figure 2 27 Figure 2 28 Figure 2 29 55 pin backplane connector pin configuration 10 U2761A soft front panel 18 Top panel view of the U2 761A 19 Panel view of the frequency section 20 Panel view of the amplitude section 22 Panel view of the DC offset section 24 Panel view of the Tools menu 27 Square wave duty cycles 28 Panel view of the duty cycle section 29 Ramp wave duty cycles 30 Panel view of the symmetry section 30 Panel view
41. nabled at a time The U2761A does not allow PM to be enabled at the same time that sweep is enabled U2761A User s Guide 51 2 52 Features and Functions Soft Front Panel Operation Click Mod ed and then select PM jj as shown in Figure 2 20 To output the PM waveform configure the settings for the carrier frequency output amplitude offset voltage modulating frequency phase deviation and the desired waveform Mode i Phaze Deviation i a 1 al fea Mod Frequency Vole He w Figure 2 20 Panel view of PM Remote Interface Operation PM STATe 0 OFF 1 ON Carrier Waveform The PM carrier waveform consists of Sine Square Ramp Triangle or Arbitrary waveform The default waveform is Sine wave You cannot use Pulse or DC as the carrier waveform Soft Front Panel Operation For Arbitrary waveforms click Arb Abd at the top panel as shown in Figure 2 2 and select the desired waveform from the drop down list NonBuitinwav as shown in Figure 2 16 U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare RAMP USER You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset Carrier Frequency U2761A User s Guide The maximum carrier frequency depends on the function selected as shown below The default carrier frequency is 1 kHz for all functions Table 2 5 Carrier frequency for PM Function Minimum f
42. nctions 2 The phase deviation setting represents the peak variation in phase of the modulated waveform from the carrier waveform The phase deviation setting can be set from 0 to 360 The default phase deviation setting is 180 Soft Front Panel Operation On the Phase Deviation panel as shown in Figure 2 20 input the desired phase deviation value Remote Interface Operation PM DEViation lt deviation in degrees gt Generate PM Using SCPI Commands U2761A User s Guide Example 1 gt CLS RST gt PM STAT ON gt FUNC SIN gt FREQ 1000 gt VOLT 5 VPP gt VOLT OFFS 0 gt PM INT FUNC SIN gt PM INT FREQ 500 gt PM DEV 180 gt OUTP ON To reset the U2761A to default power on state this command can be ignored if this operation is not required Enables PM Sets the carrier waveform to Sine wave Sets the carrier frequency to 1 kHz Sets the output amplitude to 5 Vpp Sets the output offset to 0 Changes the modulating waveform shape to Sine wave Changes the modulating frequency to 500 Hz Changes the phase deviation to 180 Turns on output 55 2 Features and Functions Frequency Shitt Keying FSK Modulation FSK is similar to FM except that the frequency alternates between two preset values You can configure the U2761A to shift its output frequency between two preset values using FSK modulation An example of the FSK modulation waveform
43. ndicates that this ISM device complies with Canadian ICES 001 Cet appareil ISM est confomre a la norme NMB 001 du Canada The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards Association The C tick mark is a registered trademark of the Spectrum Management Agency of Australia This signifies compliance with the Australia EMC Framework regulations under the terms of the Radio Communication Act of 1992 This instrument complies with the WEEE Directive 2002 96 EC marking requirement This affixed product label indicates that you must not discard this electrical electronic product in domestic household waste U2761A User s Guide Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment WEEE Directive 2002 96 EC This instrument complies with the WEEE Directive 2002 96 EC marking requirement This affixed product label indicates that you must not discard this electrical electronic product in domestic household waste Product Category With reference to the equipment types in the WEEE directive Annex 1 this instrument is classified as a Monitoring and Control Instrument product The affixed product label is shown as below Do not dispose in domestic household waste To return this unwanted instrument contact your nearest Agilent office or visit www agilent com environment product for more information U2761A User s Guide Vil In This Guide 1 Getting Started In this chapter you prepare you
44. of the output section 31 Pulse waveform 35 Panel view of the pulse width section 36 AM waveform 39 Panel view of AM 40 Panel view of the Arbitrary waveform 41 FM waveform 45 Panel view of FM 46 PM waveform 51 Panel view of PM 52 FSK modulation waveform 56 Panel view of FSK 57 PSK modulation waveform 61 Panel view of PSK 62 ASK modulation waveform 66 Panel view of ASK 6 7 Frequency sweep 0 Panel view of sweep 71 Trigger input pulse 78 XV Figure 2 30 Trigger output pulse 78 Figure 2 31 Ramp waveform 81 Figure 2 32 Waveform download in progress 83 XVI U2761A User s Guide List of Tables Table 1 1 Synchronous Simultaneous Interface SSI connector pin description 10 Table 2 1 Output functions 16 Table 2 2 Output frequency range 19 Table 2 3 Carrier frequency for AM 41 Table 2 4 Carrier frequency for FM 4 7 Table 2 5 Carrier frequency for PM 53 Table 2 6 Carrier frequency for FSK 58 Table 2 7 Hop frequency 59 Table 2 8 Carrier frequency for PSK 63 Table 2 9 Carrier frequency for ASK 68 U2761A User s Guide XVII XVIII U2761A User s Guide Agilent U2761A USB Modular Function Arbitrary Waveform Generator User s Guide 1 Getting Started Introduction 2 Product ataGlance 3 Product Dimensions 5 Standard Purchase Items 7 Inspection and Maintenance 8 Installation and Configuration 9 Activate Your Device License 12 This chapter provides the introduction of the U2761A that helps you get acquainted with the prod
45. ons Product Specifications and Characteristics Standard Built in arbitrary Sine Square Ramp Triangle Pulse DC Exponential Rise Exponential Fall Negative Ramp WAVEFORM CHARACTERISTICS Frequency range Amplitude flatness relative to 1 kHz Harmonic distortion 2 Total harmonic distortion 4 Spurious Non harmonic output Phase noise 10 kHz offset Frequency range Rise fall time Overshoot Variable duty cycle Asymmetry 50 duty Jitter RMS 1 uHz to 20 MHz 1 uHz resolution DC to 20 kHz 60 dBc 100 kHz to 1 MHz 50 dBc 45 dBc 1 uHz to 20 MHz 1 WHz resolution lt 18 ns 10 to 90 terminated load 50 Q 20 to 80 up to 10 MHz 40 to 60 up to 20 MHz 1 of period 5 ns gt 50 kHz 1 ns 100 ppm of period lt 50 kHz 10 ns 100 ppm of period U2761A User s Guide Cad Characteristics and Specifications Ramp Triangle Frequency range 1 uHz to 200 kHz 1 WHz resolution Linearity lt 0 2 of peak output Programmable symmetry 0 to 100 Frequency range Pulse width period lt 10 s Overshoot Jitter RMS Arbitrary 500 uHz to 5 MHz 1 uHz resolution 40 ns minimum 10 ns resolution lt 3 300 ps 0 1 ppm of period Frequency range 1 uHz to 200 kHz 1 uHz resolution 1 uHz to 2 MHz 1 WHz resolution Option U2010A 64 kSa Amplitude resolution 14 bits sample including sign lt 0 2 of peak output lt 250 ns to 0 5 of final value Ji
46. p View Bumpers U2761A User s Guide 3 1 Getting Started Front View 276 TA 20MHz Function Arbitrary Waveform Gonerator w 10MH2 ef qn USB indicator ll Trig oo Trig a Output In Out i Op Power indicator VES O7 LANAT 10 MHz reference connector E a Trigger in connector Output connector Trigger out connector Rear View Fan Ventilation 55 pin backplane connector USB inlet Fastening hole for USB cable with locking mechanis m Power inlet 4 U2761A User s Guide Getting Started 1 Product Dimensions Dimensions Without Bumpers Top View k 105 00 mm 175 00 mm E 18 00 mm Front View e 5 rs sy rs er oe Hl E Agilemt U2761A sous VesemuniAtirary Waretonm anmas We oS Se ie es PN CAE j 4 l U2761A User s Guide 5 1 Getting Started Dimensions With Bumpers Top View p 117 00mm gt fF EN 180 00 mm AO A IW 2 A 15 00 mm A 6 U2761A User s Guide Getting Started Standard Purchase Items U2761A User s Guide Verify the following items for the standard purchase of the U2761A If there are any missing or mechanically damaged items contact the nearest Agilent Sales Office Yv 12 V 2 A AC DC power adapter VY Power cord VY USB Standard A to Mini B interface cable Y L Mount kit used with modular instrument chassis
47. put to Square wave frequency 2 kHz amplitude 5 Vpp offset O gt FUNC SQU DCYC 30 Changes the duty cycle to 30 gt OUTP ON Turns on output 33 2 34 Features and Functions Example 4 To output a Ramp wave Cio FUNC VOLT FREQ VOLT FUNC OUTP R T RAMP 2 VPP 10000 OFFS 0 RAMP SYMM 50 ON To reset the U2761A to default power on state this command can be ignored if this operation is not required Sets the output to Ramp wave Sets the output amplitude to 5 Vpp Sets the output frequency to 10 kHz Sets the output offset to 0 Changes the symmetry to 50 Turns on output U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 Pulse Waveform As shown below a Pulse waveform consists of a period a pulse width a rising edge and a falling edge 90 90 50 50 Pulse width 10 10 Rise time all time Period Figure 2 12 Pulse waveform Pulse Period The range of the pulse period is from 200 ns to 2000 s The default value is 1 ms The U2761A will adjusts the pulse width as necessary to accommodate the specified period Soft Front Panel Operation After selecting Pulse Pulse JL at the top panel as shown in Figure 2 2 on the Frequency panel as shown in Figure 2 3 select Period FeMefianm input the desired pulse period value and then select the unit from the drop down list Remote Interface Operation PULSe PERiod lt second
48. quency The sum of the carrier frequency and deviation must be less than or equal to the maximum frequency for the selected function 20 MHz for Sine and Square 200 kHz for Ramp and 200 kHz or 2 MHz with option U2010A for Arbitrary waveforms If you attempt to set the deviation to a value that is not valid the U2761A will automatically adjusts it to the maximum value allowed with the present carrier frequency 47 2 48 Features and Functions Soft Front Panel Operation On the Frequency panel as shown in Figure 2 3 input the desired frequency value and select the unit from the drop down list Remote Interface Operation FREQuency lt frequency gt You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset Modulating Waveform The modulating waveform consists of Sine Square Ramp Negative Ramp Nramp Triangle Noise or Arbitrary waveform The default modulating waveform is Sine wave e Square has 50 duty cycle e Ramp has 100 symmetry e Triangle has 50 symmetry e Negative Ramp has 0 symmetry Soft Front Panel Operation Select the desired modulating waveform from the drop down list sine v aS shown in Figure 2 18 Remote Interface Operation FM INTernal FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare RAMP NRAMp TRIangle USER U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 Modulating Waveform Frequency The range of the modulating waveform frequency is 2 mHz to 20 kHz The defau
49. r system for installation and configuration to get started with the U2761A 2 Features and Functions In this chapter you will learn about the functions and features offered by the U2761A 3 Characteristics and Specifications In this chapter you will observe the product characteristics and specifications Vill U2761A User s Guide Declaration of Conformity DoC U2761A User s Guide The Declaration of Conformity DoC for this instrument is available on the Web site You can search the DoC by its product model or description http regulations corporate agilent com DoC search htm If you are unable to search for the respective DoC please contact your local Agilent representative U2761A User s Guide Contents U2761A User s Guide Getting Started 1 Introduction 2 Product ataGlance 3 Product Outlook 3 Product Dimensions 5 Dimensions Without Bumpers 5 Dimensions With Bumpers 6 Standard Purchase Items 7 Inspection and Maintenance 8 Initial Inspection 8 Electrical Check 8 General Maintenance 8 Installation and Configuration 9 55 Pin Backplane Connector Pin Configuration 10 Chassis Installation 11 Activate Your Device License 12 To Activate Your Device License 12 To Verify your Device License 14 Features and Functions 15 Output Configuration 16 Introduction 16 Output Function 16 Output Frequency 19 Output Amplitude 21 DC Offset Voltage 23 Output Units 25 Output Termination 26 Xl XII Dut
50. requency Maximum frequency Sine 1 uHz 20 MHz Square 1 uHz 20 MHz Ramp Triangle 1 uHz 200 kHz Arbitrary 1 uHz 200 kHz 2 Mhz Option U2010A Soft Front Panel Operation On the Frequency panel as shown in Figure 2 3 input the desired frequency value and select the unit from the drop down list Remote Interface Operation FREQuency lt frequency gt You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset 53 2 Features and Functions Modulating Waveform The modulating waveform consists of Sine Square Ramp Negative Ramp Nramp Triangle or Arbitrary waveform The default waveform is Sine wave e Square has 50 duty cycle e Ramp has 100 symmetry e Triangle has 50 symmetry e Negative Ramp has 0 symmetry Soft Front Panel Operation Select the desired modulating waveform from the drop down list Sine as shown in Figure 2 20 Remote Interface Operation PM INTernal FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare RAMP NRAMp TRIangle USER Modulating Waveform Frequency The range of the modulating waveform frequency is 2 mHz to 20 kHz The default modulating waveform frequency is 10 Hz Soft Front Panel Operation On the Mod Frequency panel as shown in Figure 2 20 input the desired modulating frequency value and select the unit from the drop down list Remote Interface Operation PM INTernal FREQuency lt frequency gt 54 U2761A User s Guide Phase Deviation Features and Fu
51. rom the drop down list Non Buitinwar aS Shown in Figure 2 16 U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 Figure 2 16 Panel view of the Arbitrary waveform Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare RAMP USER You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset Carrier Frequency U2761A User s Guide The maximum carrier frequency depends on the selected function as shown below The default frequency is 1 kHz for all functions Table 2 3 Carrier frequency for AM Function Minimum frequency Maximum frequency Sine 1 wHz 20 MHz Square 1 uHz 20 MHz Ramp Triangle 1 uHz 200 kHz Arbitrary 1 wHz 200 kHz 2 MHz Option U2010A 41 2 42 Features and Functions Soft Front Panel Operation On the Frequency panel as shown in Figure 2 3 input the desired frequency value and select the unit from the drop down list Remote Interface Operation FREQuency lt frequency gt You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset Modulating Waveform The modulating waveform consists of Sine Square Ramp Negative Ramp Nramp Triangle or Arbitrary waveform The default modulating waveform is Sine wave e Square has 50 duty cycle e Ramp has 100 symmetry e Triangle has 50 symmetry e Negative Ramp has 0 symmetry Soft Front Panel Operation Select the desired modulating waveform from the drop down list Sine as
52. s gt U2761A User s Guide 35 2 36 Features and Functions Pulse Width The pulse width represents the time from the 50 threshold of the pulse s rising edge to the 50 threshold of the next falling edge e The range of the pulse width is 40 ns to lt 2000 s see restrictions below The default pulse width ts 500 ps e The minimum pulse width Wmin is affected by the period Wmin 40 ns for period lt 10 s Wmin 200 ns for period gt 10 s but lt 100 s Wmin 2 us for period gt 100 s but lt 1000 s 20 us for period gt 1000 s e The specified pulse width must also be less than the difference between the period and the minimum pulse width as shown in the equation below The U2761A will adjusts the pulse width as necessary to accommodate the specified period Pulse Width lt Period Wmin Wmin Soft Front Panel Operation After selecting Pulse Pulse JL at the top panel as shown in Figure 2 2 on the Width panel below input the desired pulse width value and select the unit from the drop down list width Edit width Duty Cycle Figure 2 13 Panel view of the pulse width section Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion PULSe WIDTh lt seconds gt U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 Pulse Duty Cycle The pulse duty cycle is defined as Duty Cycle 100 x Pulse Width Period where the pulse width represents the time from the 50 threshold of the rising edge of the pulse to t
53. shown in Figure 2 15 Remote Interface Operation AM INTernal FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare RAMP NRAMp TRIangle USER U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 Modulating Waveform Frequency The range of the modulating waveform frequency is 2 mHz to 20 kHz The default modulating waveform frequency is 100 Hz Soft Front Panel Operation On the Mod Frequency panel as shown in Figure 2 15 input the desired modulating frequency value and select the unit from the drop down list Remote Interface Operation AM INTernal FREQuency lt frequency gt Modulation Depth U2761A User s Guide The modulation depth is expressed in percentage and represents the extent of the amplitude variation At 0 depth the output amplitude is half of the selected value At 100 depth the output amplitude equals the selected value The range of the modulation depth is 0 to 100 The default modulation depth is 100 At 100 depth the maximum output of the U2761A will not exceed 2 5 V peak into a 50 Q load Soft Front Panel Operation On the Depth panel as shown in Figure 2 15 select the desired modulating depth value from the drop down list Remote Interface Operation AM DEPTh lt depth in percent gt 43 2 Features and Functions Generate AM Using SCPI Commands Example 1 gt CLS RST To reset the U2761A to default power on state this command can be ignored if this operation is not required gt AM STAT ON
54. t Front Panel Operation On the Deviation panel as shown in Figure 2 24 input the desired deviation value Remote Interface Operation PSKey DEViation lt deviation in degrees gt U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 Generate PSK Modulation Using SCPI Commands Example 1 gt ACLS hol gt PSK STAT ON gt FUNC SIN gt FREQ 1000 gt VOLT 5 VPP gt VOLT OFFS 0 gt POK INT RATE 10 gt PSK DEV 180 gt OUTP ON U2761A User s Guide To reset the U2761A to default power on state this command can be ignored if this operation is not required Enables PSK modulation Sets the carrier waveform to Sine wave Sets the carrier frequency to 1 kHz Sets the output amplitude to 5 Vpp Sets the output offset to 0 Sets the PSK rate to 10 Hz Sets the PSK deviation to 180 Turns on output 65 2 Features and Functions Amplitude Shift Keying ASK Modulation ASK is a form of digital modulation in which the modulating signal apply variations in the amplitude of a carrier signal The amplitude of the carrier signal varies simultaneously with the modulating signal while phase and frequency remain constant In other words the carrier signal can be assumed as an on and off switch You can configure the U2761A to shift its output amplitude between two preset amplitudes using ASK The rate at which the output shifts between the two amplitudes is
55. t power on Internal trigger is selected e The trigger source setting is stored in volatile memory where the source is set to Internal immediate trigger upon power off or after a remote interface reset Soft Front Panel Operation On the Trigger Setup panel as shown in Figure 2 28 select the desired trigger source from the drop down list Internal v at the Source panel U2761A User s Guide 75 2 Features and Functions Remote Interface Operation TRIGger SOURce IMMediate EXTernal BUS Internal Triggering In the Internal trigger mode the U2761A continuously performs frequency sweep as specified by the sweep time This is the default trigger source for both soft front panel and remote interface use Soft Front Panel Operation On the Trigger Setup panel as shown in Figure 2 28 select Internal from the drop down list Intemal v at the Source panel Remote Interface Operation TRIGger SOURce IMMediate Manual Triggering In the Manual software triggering mode you can manually trigger the U2761A by clicking Trigger The U2761A initiates one sweep each time you click the button The Trigger Wager button is illuminated while the U2761A waits for a Manual trigger Soft Front Panel Operation On the Trigger Setup panel as shown in Figure 2 28 select Manual from the drop down list _ Intemal v at the Source panel 76 U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 Remote Interface Operation TRiIGger S
56. t shifts between the two phases is determined by the internal rate generator on the signal level The following figure shows an example of the PSK modulation waveform PSK rate PSK deviation Figure 2 23 PSK modulation waveform To Select PSK Modulation The U2761A allows only one modulation mode to be enabled at a time The U2761A does not allow PSK to be enabled at the same time that sweep is enabled U2761A User s Guide 61 2 62 Features and Functions Soft Front Panel Operation Click Mod Ma and then select PSK as shown in Figure 2 24 To output the PSK waveform configure the settings for the carrier frequency output amplitude offset voltage deviation and PSK rate i JnR i Deviation ak gt 180 PSE Rate He se Figure 2 24 Panel view of PSK Remote Interface Operation PSKey STATe 0 OFF 1 ON Carrier Waveform The PSK carrier waveform consists of Sine Square Ramp Triangle or Arbitrary waveform The default waveform is Sine wave You cannot use Pulse or DC as the carrier waveform Soft Front Panel Operation For Arbitrary waveforms select Arb Arb dim at the top panel as shown in Figure 2 2 and select the desired waveform from the drop down list NenBuittinwav as shown in Figure 2 16 U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare RAMP USER You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency
57. that if not correctly per formed or adhered to could result in personal injury or death Do not proceed beyond a WARNING notice until the indicated condi tions are fully understood and met U2761A User s Guide Safety Symbols The following symbols on the instrument and in the documentation indicate precautions which must be taken to maintain safe operation of the instrument Direct current DC Equipment protected throughout by double insulation or reinforced insulation Alternating current AC Off supply Both direct and alternating current On supply Three phase alternating current Caution risk of electric shock Earth ground terminal Caution risk of danger refer to this manual for specific Warning or Caution information Protective conductor terminal Caution hot surface Frame or chassis terminal Out position of a bi stable push control Equipotentiality f i In position of a bi stable push control U2761A User s Guide IlI General Safety Information CAUTION The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation of this instrument Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design manufacture and intended use of the instrument Agilent Technologies Inc assumes no liability for the customer s failure to comply with these requirements e Do not operate the product in an explosive atmosph
58. tter RMS 10 ns 30 ppm Memory depth U2761A User s Guide 8 3 Characteristics and Specifications 80 mVpp to 10 Vpp Into open circuit Accuracy across 50 Q load at 1 kHz Range peak AC DC 2 5 V Into 50 Q load 5 V Into open circuit Accuracy across 50 Q load 2 of offset setting 1 of amplitude setting 5 mV 10 mV Hi Z Amplitude limit Amplitude Offset limit to within 2 5 V range across 50 Q load or 5 V across open circuit Impedance 50 Q load Typical Phase offset Range 360 to 360 Resolution 0 01 Accuracy 20 ns 90 U2761A User s Guide Characteristics and Specifications 3 MODULATION Carrier waveforms Sine Square Ramp Arbitrary Internal modulation Sine Square Ramp Arbitrary 2 mHz to 20 kHz Depth 0 0 to 100 0 Carrier waveforms Sine Square Ramp Arbitrary Source Internal Internal modulation Sine Square Ramp Arbitrary 2 mHz to 20 kHz Deviation 1 Hz to 500 kHz Carrier waveforms Sine Square Ramp Arbitrary Internal modulation Sine Square Ramp Arbitrary 2 mHz to 20 kHz Deviation 0 0 to 360 0 Carrier waveforms Sine Square Ramp Arbitrary Internal modulation 50 duty cycle square 2 mHz to 100 kHz Carrier waveforms Sine Square Ramp Arbitrary Internal modulation 50 duty cycle square 2 mHz to 100 kHz Deviation 0 0 to 360 0 Carrier waveforms Sine Square Ramp Arbitrary Internal modulation 50 duty cycle square 2 mHz to 100 kHz
59. uct and the product outlook This chapter also includes the installation and configuration procedures that will help you get started with the U2761A ee Agilent Technologies 1 Getting Started Introduction The U2761A is a 20 MHz USB modular function generator with Arbitrary waveform and pulse generation capabilities It can operate as a standalone unit or as part of a modular unit when used with the U2781A USB modular instrument chassis The U2761A adopts the latest direct digital synthesis DDS technology that digitally creates Arbitrary waveforms and frequencies from a single fixed source frequency DDS offers the precision of a digital control logic reducing the complexity of the generator while increasing the stability Thus creating a stable accurate output signal for clean low distortion sine waves with fast rise and fall time up to 20 MHz and linear Ramp waves up to 200 KHz Various features of the U2761A e 20 MHz Sine and Square waveforms e Hi Speed 2 0 USBTMC 488 2 standards e Sine Square Ramp Triangle Pulse and DC waveforms e 14 bit 50 MSa s 64 K point Arbitrary waveforms e AM FM PM ASK FSK and PSK modulation types e 40 mVpp to 5 Vpp amplitude range for 50 Q load and 80 mVpp to 10 Vpp amplitude range for open circuit e Pulse generation e 2 MHz maximum frequency for Arbitrary waveforms with option U2010A U2761A User s Guide Getting Started 1 Product at a Glance Product Outlook To
60. uency lt frequency gt U2761A User s Guide 59 2 Features and Functions FSK Rate The FSK rate is the rate at which the output frequency shifts between the carrier frequency and the hop frequency e The range of the FSK rate is 2 mHz to 100 kHz The default FSK rate value is 10 Hz Soft Front Panel Operation On the FSK Rate panel as shown in Figure 2 22 input the desired FSK rate value and select the unit from the drop down list Remote Interface Operation FSKey INTernal RATE lt rate in Hz gt Generate FSK Modulation Using SCPI Commands Example 1 gt CLS RST To reset the U2761A to default power on state this command can be ignored if this operation is not required gt FSK STAT ON Enables FSK modulation gt FUNC SIN Sets the carrier waveform to Sine wave gt FREQ 1000 Sets the carrier frequency to 1 kHz gt VOLT 5 VPP Sets the output amplitude to 5 Vpp gt VOLT OFFS 0 Sets the output offset to 0 gt FSK FREQ 100 Sets the hop frequency to 100 Hz gt FSK INT RATE 10 Sets the FSK rate to 10 Hz gt OUTP ON Turns on output U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 Phase Shitt Keying PSK Modulation Phase shift keying PSK is a form of digital modulation in which the phase of the carrier signal is discretely varied You can configure the U2761A to shift its output phase between two preset phases using PSK The rate at which the outpu
61. ut frequency in a logarithmic fashion The sweep mode consists of Linear or Logarithmic The default sweep mode is Linear Soft Front Panel Operation On the Sweep Type panel as shown in Figure 2 28 select the Linear Linea or Log Log mode Remote Interface Operation SWEep SPACing LINear LOGarithmic The sweep time specifies the number of seconds required to sweep from the start frequency to the stop frequency The number of discrete frequency points in the sweep is automatically calculated by the U2761A and is based on the sweep time you have selected The range of the sweep time is 1 ms to 500 s The default sweep time is 1 s U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 Soft Front Panel Operation On the Sweep Time panel as shown in Figure 2 28 input the desired sweep time and select the unit from the drop down list Remote Interface Operation SWEep TIME lt seconds gt Sweep Trigger Source U2761A User s Guide In the sweep mode the U2761A outputs a single sweep when a trigger signal is received After one sweep from the start frequency to the stop frequency the U2761A will continuously output the preset waveform at the start frequency while waiting for the next trigger e The sweep trigger source consists of Internal immediate External or Manual software The default trigger source is Internal e When the Internal source is selected the U2761A outputs a continuous sweep at a rate determined by
62. ut functions For example if you output a 2 5 Vrms Square wave into 50 Q and then change to the Sine wave function the U2761A will automatically be adjusted the output amplitude to 1 768 Vrms the upper limit for Sine wave in Vrms 17 2 Features and Functions Soft Front Panel Operation The following figure shows the soft front panel of the U2761A Waveform pattern selection i sine Ay Square ruf ramp 4 puise IL Arb atmo Tiange OC E Edit all Edit ooo e Frequency Petiod Frequency Amplitude Edit evr Amplitude Hilevel Waveform parameters Amplitude Offset 1 VPP Offset 0 uY DC Status Display Modulation OFF TN sweep OFF Frequency 1 kHz Amplitude 1 VPP Offset 0 uVDC Figure 2 1 U2761A soft front panel 18 U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 To select a function click any of the functions on the top panel as shown below When a function is selected the button will be illuminated Ee a ee Lee Figure 2 2 Top panel view of the U2 61A Click Arb Arb to output the Arbitrary waveform Select other Arbitrary waveform choices from the drop down list Non Built in wav EAR Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare RAMP PULSe DC USER You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset Output Frequency U2761A User s Guide As shown below the output frequency range depends on the funct
63. when you change from Square wave to another function Thus when you return to the Square function the previous duty cycle is used Limits Due to Frequency If the Square wave function is selected and you change to a frequency that cannot produce the current duty cycle the duty cycle is automatically adjusted to the maximum value for the new frequency For example if you currently have the duty cycle set to 70 and then change the frequency to 12 MHz the U2761A will automatically adjusts the duty cycle to 60 the upper limit for this frequency U2761A User s Guide U2761A User s Guide Features and Functions 2 The duty cycle setting does not apply to a Square waveform used as the modulating waveform for AM FM or PM A 50 duty cycle is always used for a modulating Square waveform The duty cycle setting applies only to a Square waveform carrier Soft Front Panel Operation After selecting Square Square TU at the top panel as shown in Figure 2 2 on the Duty Cycle panel below input the desired duty cycle value Duty Cycle Edit i i RS Figure 2 8 Panel view of the duty cycle section Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion SQUare DCYCle lt percent gt The APPLy command automatically sets the duty cycle to 50 29 2 30 Features and Functions Symmetry Ramp Wave This configuration applies to Ramp wave only Symmetry represents the amount of time per cycle that the Ramp wave is rising assuming
64. wn list Remote Interface Operation VOLTage UNIT VPP VRMS DBM U2761A User s Guide 25 2 Features and Functions Output Termination This configuration applies to output amplitude and offset voltage only The U2761A has a fixed series output impedance of 50 Q to the device output connector If the actual load impedance is different from the specified value the amplitude and offset levels will be incorrect e The range of the output termination is 1 Q to 10 kQ or Infinite The default value is 50 2 e The output termination setting is stored in volatile memory and upon power off or after a remote interface reset the setting will return to a default value e If you specify a 50 Q termination but are actually terminating into an open circuit the actual output will be twice the value specified For example if you set the offset to 100 mVDC and specify a 50 Q load but are terminating the output into an open circuit the actual offset will be 200 mVDC e If you change the output termination setting the output amplitude and offset levels are automatically adjusted no error will be generated For example if you set the amplitude to 5 Vpp and then change the output termination from 50 Q to high impedance the amplitude value will double to 10 Vpp If you change from high impedance to 50 Q the displayed amplitude value will drop to half e You cannot specify the output amplitude in dBm if the output terminat
65. y Cycle Square Waves 28 Symmetry Ramp Wave 30 Output Control 31 Set Output Using SCPI Commands 32 Pulse Waveform 35 Pulse Period 35 Pulse Width 36 Pulse Duty Cycle 37 Generate Pulse Waveform Using SCPI Commands 38 Amplitude Modulation AM 39 To Select AM 39 Carrier Waveform 40 Carrier Frequency 41 Modulating Waveform 42 Modulating Waveform Frequency 43 Modulation Depth 43 Generate AM Using SCPI Commands 44 Frequency Modulation FM 45 To Select FM 45 Carrier Waveform 46 Carrier Frequency 47 Modulating Waveform 48 Modulating Waveform Frequency 49 Frequency Deviation 49 Generate FM Using SCPI Commands 50 Phase Modulation PM 51 To Select PM 51 Carrier Waveform 52 Carrier Frequency 53 Modulating Waveform 54 Modulating Waveform Frequency 54 U2761A User s Guide U2761A User s Guide Phase Deviation 55 Generate PM Using SCPI Commands 55 Frequency Shift Keying FSK Modulation 56 To Select FSK Modulation 56 Carrier Waveform 5 7 FSK Carrier Frequency 58 FSK Hop Frequency 59 Generate FSK Modulation Using SCPI Commands Phase Shift Keying PSK Modulation 61 To Select PSK Modulation 61 Carrier Waveform 62 PSK Carrier Frequency 63 PSK Rate 64 PSK Deviation 64 Generate PSK Modulation Using SCP Commands Amplitude Shift Keying ASK Modulation 66 To Select ASK Modulation 66 Carrier Waveform 6 7 Carrier Frequency 68 ASK Rate 69 Generate ASK Modulation Using SCPI Co
66. you want to verify is connected to your PC 5 Click Update License The device model serial number and option number will be displayed with a valid license Software Licensing ee of Activate License Update License Device Model SerialNumber Option Number Remark gt U27614 MY48220022 U20104 2 MHz Arbitrary waveform upgrade 6 Click the Clear Table icon E to clear the Verify License table U2761A User s Guide Agilent U2761A USB Modular Function Arbitrary Waveform Generator User s Guide 2 Features and Functions Output Configuration 16 Pulse Waveform 35 Amplitude Modulation AM 39 Frequency Modulation FM 45 Phase Modulation PM 51 Frequency Shift Keying FSK Modulation 56 Phase Shift Keying PSK Modulation 61 Amplitude Shift Keying ASK Modulation 66 Frequency Sweep 70 Triggering 75 Arbitrary Waveforms 81 In this chapter you will learn about the functions and features offered by the U2761A ee Agilent Technologies 15 2 Features and Functions Output Configuration Introduction This section contains the information to help you configure the U2761A for outputting waveforms You may not need to change some of the parameters discussed here but they are provided so that you will have accessibility when needed Output Function Table 2 1 Output functions The U2761A can output five standard waveforms Sine Square Ramp Triangle and Pulse and DC You can select

Carrier Frequency

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