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Model 2460 High-Current Interactive SourceMeter® Instrument

1. TRIGGER key Accesses trigger related settings and operations The action of the TRIGGER key depends on the instrument state OUTPUT ON OFF Turns the output source on or off The key illuminates when the switch source output is on REMOTE LED REMOTE llluminates when the instrument is controlled through a remote indicator interface LAN LED indicator Lan lluminates when the instrument is connected to a local area network LAN 1588 LED indicator 158 Illuminates when the instrument is connected to an IEEE 1588 compliant device Note that 1588 functionality is not supported at this time This unctionality will be made available with a firmware update See the Model 2460 Release Notes on the Keithley Instruments website http www keithley com for details INTERLOCK LED INTERLOCK Illuminates when the interlock is enabled indicator SENSE terminals Use SENSE HI and SENSE LO terminal connections to measure voltage at the device under test DUT When you use sense leads ay measurement of the voltage drop across the force leads is T eliminated This produces more accurate voltage sourcing and SENSELO measurement at the DUT FORCE terminals FORCEHI Use FORCE HI and FORCE LO terminal connections to source or sink voltage or current to or from a device under test DUT FRONT REAR TERMINALS switch F Activates the terminals on the front or rear panel When the front panel ter
2. Using the front panel 1 Press the MENU key 2 Under System select Settings 3 Select the button next to Command Set and select the command set 4 You are prompted to reboot 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 3 15 Section 3 Using a remote interface Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual To change to the SCPI command set from a remote interface Send the command LANG SCPI Reboot the instrument To change to the TSP command set from a remote interface Send the command LANG TSP Reboot the instrument To verify which command set is selected Send the command LANG 3 16 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Section 4 Making basic front panel measurements In this section Introduction Equipment required for this application Device connections Make front panel me Introduction You can use the Model 2460 to source voltage or current and make measurements from the front panel NOTE Make sure you select functions before you make changes to other instrument settings The options that you have for settings depend on the functions that are active when you make the changes If you make a change that is not compatible with the active functions you may get unexpected results or you may receive an event message Also note that when you select a different function the instrument clears the buffer The applications in this manual illustrate the order in which
3. display settext display TEXT2 string format Current 2fA Time 2fHrs curr hours Increment the number of iterations and wait 10 seconds iteration iteration 1 i oe delay 10 end Turn the output off when the voltage limit is reached smu source output smu OFF Save the measurements to the USB flash drive 6 10 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 6 Rechargeable battery measurements FileNumber file open usbl1 TestData csv file MODE_WRITE file write FileNumber Current Voltage Seconds n Print the measured values in a four column format print nIteration tCurrent tVoltage tTime n for i 1 defbufferl n do print i defbufferl i defbufferl sourcevalues il defbufferl relativetimestamps i file write FileNumber string format g g g r n defbufferl readings i defbufferl sourcevalues i defbufferl relativetimestamps i end Close the csv file file close FileNumber Figure 29 Model 2460 USER swipe screen showing test results defbuffer1 AUTO DEL 1 Measured load current 2 Measured battery voltage 3 Source value and elapsed test time Figure 30 Results of battery discharge test 2500 mAh D cell battery Discharged at 2500 mA 1 C Cell voltage volts o e e e m o bo k E P E Pog Bo E amp B FR Be HR wD A SB o io oO 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0
4. the appropriate output off state source and limits before connecting the Model 2460 to a device that can deliver energy such as other voltage sources batteries capacitors or solar cells Configure the settings that are recommended for the instrument before making connections to the device Failure to consider the output off state source and limits may result in damage to the instrument or to the device under test DUT 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 10 5 Section 11 Next steps In this section Additional Model 2460 information cccceeeeeeeeee 11 1 Additional Model 2460 information This manual has prepared you to start using your new Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter instrument for your application For more detailed information refer to the Keithley Instruments Model 2460 Reference Manual For related documentation software tools and drivers see the Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter instrument Product Information CD ROM Also see the Keithley Instruments website www keithley com http www keithley com support for support and additional information about the instrument From the website you can access e The Knowledge Center which contains the following handbooks e The Low Level Measurements Handbook Precision DC Current Voltage and Resistance Measurements e Switching Handbook A Guide to Signal Switching in Automated Test Systems e Application notes e Updated drivers e Inf
5. TSP commands to the instrument To enable TSP commands 1 Press the MENU key 2 Under System select Settings 3 For Command Set select TSP 4 Atthe prompt to reboot select Yes In this example a linear voltage sweep is configured to output voltage from 0 V to 20 V in 115 steps The instrument measures the resulting current from the solar panel during the sweep 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 8 Measuring l V characteristics of a solar panel Send the following commands for this example application Define the number of points in the sweep num 115 Reset the Model 2460 and clear the buffer reset Set the source and measure functions smu measure func smu FUNC_DC_CURRENT smu source func smu FUNC_DC_VOLTAGE Configure the measurement settings smu measure terminals smu TERMINALS_FRONT smu measure sense smu SENSE_4WIRE smu measure autorange smu ON smu measure nplc 1 Configure th source settings smu source highc smu OFF smu source range 20 smu source readback smu ON smu source highc smu OFF smu source ilimit level 4 smu source sweeplinear SolarCel1 0 20 num 0 05 Start the trigger model and wait for it to complete trigger model initiate waitcomplete Defin initial values voltage defbuffer1 sourcevalues current defbuffer1 isc current 1 mincurr current 1 imax current 1
6. This prevents the battery from draining when the output is off To set the output off state to high impedance 1 Press the MENU key 2 Inthe Source column select Settings 3 Select the button next to Output Off and select High Impedance 4 Press the HOME key to return to the Home screen The figure below shows the front panel connections You can make these connections with four insulated banana cables that are rated to the maximum current 7 A such as two sets of the Keithley Instruments Model 8608 High Performance Clip Lead Set Figure 26 Front panel connections for the battery discharge charge application The figure below shows the rear panel connections You can make these connections with either the Model 2460 KIT Screw Terminal Connector Kit included with the Model 2460 or a Model 2460 BAN Banana Test Leads Adapter Cable with appropriate cabling Figure 27 Rear panel connections for the battery discharge charge application Sense HI Sense LO 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 6 5 Section 6 Rechargeable battery measurements Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Automated battery charge and discharge cycle testing Battery charge and discharge cycles often take several hours so automating the test is important This example demonstrates how to use the Model 2460 to perform an automated battery discharge test using SCPI commands or TSP commands For this applicat
7. Voltage Sweep Stepper Dual Sweep Sweep Type Start Voltage Stop Voltage Step Voltage Of Steps Voltage Range Current Limit Delay Seconds Pulse Configuration Measure Settings Measure Current Enable Range Min Auto Range Measure Voltage O Enable Measure Resistance O Enable Range Min Auto Range Enable Timestamp Measurement Speed Settings NPLC Auto Zero Advanced Configuration Measure Power Orcs ed 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 7 7 Section 7 Generating an l V sweep on an LED with KickStart Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual 9 Use the values in the following tables to specify the source and measure parameters for this example test you can change these values for your own application Source settings Parameter Value Source Mode Voltage Sweep Sweep Type Linear Start Voltage 2 Stop Voltage 3 7 Step Voltage 0 05 Of Steps This automatically populates based on the step voltage setting For this example the value is 35 Current Limit J Delay Seconds 0 01 Measure settings Parameter Value Current Measure Enabled Auto Range Voltage Measure Enabled Programmed Value 10 In the lower part of the Measure Settings column select the button next to Advanced Configuration and set the parameters listed in the following table Advanced settings Parameter Val
8. change the current and voltage levels so that they are appropriate for the battery you are testing In the following example code notice that some of the code is labeled as Pseudocode The code you use for the pseudocode lines will vary based on the programming environment you use 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 6 7 Section 6 Rechargeable battery measurements Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Send the following commands for this example application Set the source limit to 2 5 mA Set to measure current Set current range to 4 A Turn the output on SOUR VOLT ILIM 2 5 SENS FUNC CURR SENS CURR RANG 4 OUTP ON SMU Commands Description command or pseudocode SMU OUTP SMOD HIMP e Turn on high impedance output mode command SENS CURR RSEN ON e Set to 4 wire sense mode SOUR FUNC VOLT e Set to source voltage SOUR VOLT 0 9 e Set source level to 0 9 V ROUT TERM REAR e Select the rear panel connections SOUR VOLT READ BACK ON e Turn on source readback SOUR VOLT RANG 2 e Set source range to 2 V SMU current iteration READ e Append the current reading to the array command defbuffer1 current voltage iteration TRAC DATA Append the voltage reading to the array iteration iteration voltage defbuffer1l SOUR e Append the time reading to the array seconds iteration TRAC DATA Seconds iteration iteration defbufferl REL OUTP OFF e Turn the
9. place the instrument in a safe state an interlock is provided for this function Hazardous voltages may be present on all output and guard terminals To prevent electrical shock that could cause injury or death never make or break connections to the Model 2460 while the instrument is powered on Turn off the equipment from the front panel or disconnect the main power cord from the rear of the Model 2460 before handling cables Putting the equipment into an output off state does not guarantee that the outputs are powered off if a hardware or software fault occurs When the source of the instrument is turned off it may not completely isolate the instrument from the external circuit You can use the Output Off State setting to place the Model 2460 in a known noninteractive state during idle periods such as when you are changing the device under test The output off states that can be selected for a Model 2460 are normal high impedance zero or guard See Output off state in the Model 2460 Reference Manual for additional details Using the front panel Press the OUTPUT ON OFF switch The instrument is in the output on state when the switch is illuminated The instrument is in the output off state when the switch is not illuminated Using SCPI commands To turn the output on send the command OUTPut STATe ON To turn the output off send the command OUTPut STATe OFF Using TSP commands To turn the output on send the command
10. provided in the charge circuit external to the instrument when charging batteries without built in protection Do not charge or discharge batteries that exceed 100 V at 1 0 A 20 V at 4 0 A 10 V at 5 0 A or7Vat7A Section 6 Rechargeable battery measurements Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual For both the charging and discharging cycles you configure the Model 2460 to source voltage and measure current The following figures show simplified schematics for the charge and discharge cycles Figure 24 Model 2460 charge discharge cycle Charge cycle Discharge cycle Model 2460 Model 2460 Force HI Force HI i i Ve Ve L i i t Force LO Force LO O 1 Model 2460 is in source mode Vs gt Vg Instrument functions as a power supply charge current i is positive 2 Model 2460 is in sink mode Vs lt Vg Instrument functions as an electronic load discharge current i is negative Charging A battery is usually charged using a constant current To do this use a Model 2460 as a voltage source set to the voltage rating of the battery with the desired charging current set as the current limit At the start of the test the battery voltage is less than the voltage output setting of the Model 2460 As a result this voltage difference drives a current that is immediately limited to the user defined current limit When in current limit the Model 2460 acts as a constant current so
11. sense connections as close to the resistor under test as possible This 4 wire measurement eliminates the resistance of the test leads in the measurement The figure below shows the front panel connections You can make these connections with four insulated banana cables that are rated to the maximum current 7 A such as two sets of the Keithley Instruments Model 8608 High Performance Clip Lead Set Figure 20 Model 2460 front panel connections for low resistance measurements Force HI Sense HI Sense LO Force LO The figure below shows the rear panel connections You can make these connections with either the Model 2460 KIT Screw Terminal Connector Kit included with the Model 2460 or a Model 2460 BAN Banana Test Leads Adapter Cable with appropriate cabling Figure 21 Model 2460 low resistance connections on rear panel Resistor 5 4 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 5 Measuring low resistance devices Low resistance measurements This application demonstrates how to use the Model 2460 to measure a low resistance device You can measure from the front panel or over the remote interface using SCPI code or TSP code For this application you will Reset the instrument Select the source current and measure resistance function Set the current source value Select four wire remote sense mode This eliminates the effect of lead resistanc
12. smu source output smu ON To turn the output off send the command smu source output smu OFF 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 2 Using the front panel interface Touchscreen display The touchscreen display gives you quick front panel access to source and measure settings system configuration instrument and test status reading buffer information and other instrument functionality The display has multiple swipe screens that you can access by swiping the front panel You can access additional interactive screens by pressing the front panel MENU QUICKSET and FUNCTION keys A CAUTION Do not use sharp metal objects such as tweezers or screwdrivers or pointed objects such as pens or pencils to touch the touchscreen It is strongly recommended that you use only fingers to operate the instrument Use of clean room gloves to operate the touchscreen is supported Select items on the touchscreen To select an item on the displayed screen do one of the following e Touch it with your finger e Turn the navigation control to highlight the item and then press the navigation control to select it The following topics describe the Model 2460 touchscreen in more detail Interactive swipe screens The Model 2460 touchscreen display has multiple screens that you can access by gently swiping left or right on the lower half of the display The follo
13. the LED e Make the connections as close to the DUT as possible to exclude the test lead resistance from the measurement 7 2 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 7 Generating an l V sweep on an LED with KickStart The following figure shows the schematic for testing a high brightness LED Figure 32 Model 2460 4 wire connections to an LED Model 2460 Force HI Sense HI The following figures show the physical connections for the front and rear panels Note that you must use either the front panel terminals or rear panel terminals you cannot mix connections The figure below shows the front panel connections You can make these connections with four insulated banana cables that are rated to the maximum current 7 A such as two sets of the Keithley Instruments Model 8608 High Performance Clip Lead Set 0 Turn the power to the instrument off before attaching connections to the Model 2460 Figure 33 Model 2460 4 wire front panel connections to an LED Force HI Force LO The figure below shows the rear panel connections You can make these connections with either the Model 2460 KIT Screw Terminal Connector Kit included with the Model 2460 or a Model 2460 BAN Banana Test Leads Adapter Cable with appropriate cabling 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 7 3 Section 7 Generating an l V sweep on an LED with KickStart Mode
14. the LO terminals connect the LO terminal to protective earth if your application allows it You can connect the LO terminal to the chassis ground terminal on the front panel or the chassis ground screw terminal on the rear panel Note that the front panel terminals are isolated from the rear panel terminals Therefore if you are using the front panel terminals ground to the front panel LO terminal If using the rear panel terminals ground to the rear panel LO terminal The maximum input voltage between INPUT HI and INPUT LO is 105 V peak Exceeding this value may create a shock hazard The maximum common mode voltage the voltage between INPUT LO and chassis ground is 250 V peak Exceeding this value may cause a breakdown in insulation that can create a shock hazard You can make test connections to the Model 2460 from the rear or front panel of the instrument 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 6 Rechargeable battery measurements Connect the Force HI and Sense HI output terminals of the Model 2460 to the positive terminal of the battery Connect the Sense LO and Force LO outputs to the negative terminal of the battery Make sure that when the output of the Model 2460 is turned off it is set to the high impedance High Z output off state When the high impedance output off state is selected the output relay opens when the output is turned off
15. the present state of the instrument You can save the settings in the instrument as a script using the front panel menus or from a remote interface After they are saved you can recall the script or copy it to a USB flash drive From the front panel 1 Configure the Model 2460 to the settings that you want to save 2 Press the MENU key 3 Under Scripts select Create Config The CREATE CONFIG SCRIPTS window is displayed 4 Select Create A keyboard is displayed 5 Use the keyboard to enter the name of the script 6 Select the OK button on the displayed keyboard The script is added to internal memory Using SCPI commands Configure the instrument to the settings that you want to save To save the setup send the command SAV lt n gt Where lt n gt is an integer from 0 to 4 NOTE In the front panel script menus the setups saved with the SAV command have the name Setup0x where x is the value you set for lt n gt Using TSP commands Configure the instrument to the settings that you want to save To save the setup send the command createconfigscript setupName Where set upName is the name of the setup script that will be created Why did my settings change Many of the commands in the Model 2460 are saved with the source or measure function that was active when you set them For example assume you have the measure function set to current and you set a value for display digits When you change the me
16. using an appropriate print or printbuffer command or it can be viewed from the front panel Data Sheet press the MENU key and select Sheet The following figure shows a Data Sheet that contains measurement values taken in this example application Figure 55 Data sheet showing measurement results DATA SHEET tics defbuffer1 i SA Jump to f Refresh Time Source Measure 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Note that the timestamps in the Time column show that the readings were taken precisely 4 ms apart as configured in the trigger model 9 10 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Section 10 In this section Troubleshooting FAQs About this section Where can find updated drivers How do upgrade the firmware Why can t the Model 2460 read my USB flash drive How do change the command set Why am getting a 5074 event code How do save the present state of the instrument Why did my settings change What are the Quick Setup options About this section was 10 1 10 1 swa OFZ s 1 O22 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 4 10 5 This section is helps you find answers to the most common questions encountered with the Model 2460 For additional FAQs please see the Frequently Asked Questions FAQs section of the Model 2460 Reference Manual Where can find updated drivers For the latest drivers and additional support information see the Keithley Instruments suppor
17. voc voltage 1 vmax voltage 1 pmax voltage 1 current 1 alculate values f r i L Aum do print voltage i current i voltage i current i if voltage i current i lt pmax then pmax voltage i current i imax current i vmax voltage i end if math abs current i lt math abs mincurr then voc voltage i end end pmax math abs pmax imax math abs imax print Pmax pmax Imax imax Vmax vmax Isc isc Voc voc Display values on the Model 2460 front panel display changescreen display SCREEN_USER_SWIPE display settext 0 string format Pmax 4fW pmax display settext 1 string format Isc 4fA Voc 2fV isc voc 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 8 7 Section 8 Measuring l V characteristics of a solar panel Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual In the example above the instrument is programmed to display custom text on the USER swipe screen using the display changescreen and display settext commands After the test is finished the display will indicate the maximum power Pmax the short circuit current Isc and the open circuit voltage Voc as shown in the figure below Figure 46 Solar panel l V sweep results on the USER swipe screen defbuffert No Script After the code is executed five values are returned in the Instrument Console of Test Script Builder TSB and the measured current voltage and ca
18. when the instrument is operating in any mode To prevent hazardous voltage from appearing on the LO terminals connect the LO terminal to protective earth if your application allows it You can connect the LO terminal to the chassis ground terminal on the front panel or the chassis ground screw terminal on the rear panel Note that the front panel terminals are isolated from the rear panel terminals Therefore if you are using the front panel terminals ground to the front panel LO terminal If using the rear panel terminals ground to the rear panel LO terminal The following figure shows the schematic for the application Figure 19 Sourcing current and measuring resistance using a 4 wire configuration SourceMeter instrument Force HI Sense HI v Resistor Sense LO Force LO 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 5 3 Section 5 Measuring low resistance devices Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual You can use either the front panel or the rear panel terminals for this application The following figures show the physical connections for the front and rear panels Note that you must use either the front panel terminals or rear panel terminals you cannot mix connections When you connect the leads to the device under test DUT notice that the FORCE LO and SENSE LO connections are attached to one of the DUT leads Make the FORCE HI and SENSE HI connections to the other lead Connect the
19. 1 Sor p remote GCOMMMMICAU ONS sassis e enaa EIEE sateen SEEE EAE EA OEE SiS 7 2 Device connections Generating an l V sweep using KickStart Configure the Model 2460 to use the KickStart software Launch KickStart and set up the test Run the test and view the graph View and save the test data in tabular form Measuring I V characteristics of a solar panel NERO O aae ea AE SE T cases E S A ates ced tne ce AAO 8 1 EQUIPO ME REQUITOD scs cctsctcscscsssacaiscsatesss coptin zacsasates daguadepaashomhasscapianhanctanscanbaysbtesansantacbileses 8 1 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Table of Contents SOLUP FSMOtS COMMUMICAUOMS oiia eE Eaa S 8 2 D vica COMMECHONS iiia aa akaa a aa R DAAE RA Aa Solar panel characterization Set up the solar panel l V sweep from the front panel Set up the solar panel l V sweep using SCPI commands Set up the solar panel l V sweep using TSP commands Generating a high current pulse train sccsesssssesenseeseeseseeseeseeseeseesenseneneeeas 9 1 NGO CH oaae e E PE E E E A E E E EE EE A 9 1 Equipment REQUIRED s site i oicstueteestunssestdatvataasbsatsdathntocebsplaseknetedesanpedncesie 9 1 SOLUp remote comMmMmUnCAUONE siias iiaiai Enea an EA iape aaRS Devica CONMECION sensa nee sarnaeraue ree maaee aE eae High speed high current pulses from a remote interface Define the pulse test parameters Set up the source and m
20. 20 V Select the source voltage Under SOURCE VOLTAGE select the button next to Source Enter 10 V and select OK Set the limits for the source Under SOURCE VOLTAGE select the button next to Limit Enter 10 mA and select OK Select the measurement range In the MEASURE area of the Home screen select the button next to Range Select Auto Turn on the output by pressing the OUTPUT ON OFF switch The OUTPUT indicator light turns on Observe the readings on the display For the 10 kQ resistor typical display values are 1 00000 ma 9 99700 V When measurements are complete turn the output off by pressing the OUTPUT ON OFF switch The OUTPUT indicator light turns off 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 4 3 Section 5 Measuring low resistance devices In this section Introduction Equipment required Set up remote communications Device connections Low resistance measurements Introduction This application example demonstrates how to use the Model 2460 to measure a low resistance device You may need to make low resistance measurements lt 10 Q in a number of applications Typical applications include continuity testing of cables and connectors substrate vias and resistors Typically you make these resistance measurements by forcing a current and measuring the resulting voltage drop The Model 2460 automatically calculates the resistance The measured voltage is usually in the mV range or less Bu
21. 460 is configured properly it appears in the Instrument Configuration panel 6 Right click Model 2460 1 and select Add Instrument Information about the connected Model 2460 automatically appears in the bottom half of the Instrument Configuration panel 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 7 5 Section 7 Generating an l V sweep on an LED with KickStart Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Figure 36 Select instrument in the Instrument Configuration panel Instrument Configuration A ik H MODEL 2460 1 SMU Simulator 4 General Address GPIBO 18 INST FirmwareVe 1 0 0 Instrument MODEL 2460 1 InstrumentC 1 item InstrumentC GPIB Model MODEL 2460 Port N A SerialNumb 01429267 TspNode 0 7 At the bottom of the screen click Select Test Type The Test Types panel opens on the left side of the screen showing the available test types 7 6 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 7 Generating an l V sweep on an LED with KickStart Figure 37 Selecting the test type Communication Terminal IV Characterizer 1 Select Discovered Instrument a i elect Instrument Select Test Type Select Test Type 8 Right click the IV Characterizer test type and select Add Test Type The Source Measure Settings window opens Figure 38 KickStart source and measure settings screen Source Settings Source Mode
22. 7 0 8 0 9 1 Time hours 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Section 7 Generating an I V sweep on an LED with KickStart In this section Introduction Equipment and software required Set up remote communications Device connections Generating an I V sweep using KickStart Introduction This example application demonstrates how to generate a current voltage sweep on a high brightness LED using the Keithley KickStart Startup Software and a Model 2460 KickStart software allows you to set up your instrument and run a test quickly without writing any code The data generated by KickStart can be plotted on a graph or viewed in a table The measurements can also be saved to a file in csv file format In this example you will use the KickStart software to configure the Model 2460 to output a voltage sweep and measure the resulting current on a high brightness LED You will then run the test and graph the data in KickStart Equipment and software required One Model 2460 High Current Interactive SourceMeter instrument Keithley KickStart Startup Software version 1 4 or later installed on your computer you can download the KickStart software from the Keithley Instruments support website http www keithley com support For front panel connections use four insulated banana cables such as the Keithley Instruments Model 8608 High Performance Clip Lead Set one set included with the Model 2460 you
23. MUNICATION window opens Select the GPIB tab Next to Address select the number The GPIB Address dialog box is displayed Enter the address Select OK BoC RON LAN communications You can communicate with the instrument using a local area network LAN When you connect using a LAN you can use a web browser to access the internal web page of the instrument and change some of the instrument settings For more information see Using the web interface on page 3 12 The Model 2460 is an LXI version 1 4 Core 2011 compliant instrument that supports TCP IP and complies with IEEE Std 802 3 ethernet LAN There is one LAN port located on the rear panel of the instrument that supports full connectivity on a 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps network The Model 2460 automatically detects the speed The Model 2460 also supports Multicast DNS mDNS and DNS Service Discovery DNS SD which are useful on a LAN with no central administration NOTE Contact your network administrator to confirm your specific network requirements before setting up a LAN connection If you have problems setting up the LAN refer to LAN troubleshooting suggestions on page 3 13 Set up LAN communications on the instrument This section describes how to set up manual or automatic LAN communications on the instrument Set up automatic LAN configuration If you are connecting to a LAN that has a DHCP server or if you have a direct connection between the instrum
24. Mode select Manual For Local IP enter the LAN IP address You can touch the number you want to change For Gateway enter the gateway address For Subnet enter the subnet mask Select Apply Settings to save your settings ONOaPPRoOn Set up LAN communications on the computer This section describes how to set up the LAN communications on your computer NOTE Do not change your IP address without consulting your system administrator If you enter an incorrect IP address it can prevent your computer from connecting to your corporate network or it may cause interference with another networked computer Record all network configurations before modifying any existing network configuration information on the network interface card Once the network configuration settings are updated the previous information is lost This may cause a problem reconnecting the host computer to a corporate network particularly if DHCP is disabled Be sure to return all settings to their original configuration before reconnecting the host computer to a corporate network Contact your system administrator for more information Wait for the LAN status indicator on the front panel to turn solid green A solid green LAN status indicator confirms that the instrument was assigned an IP address Note that it may take several minutes for the computer and instrument to establish a connection 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 3 5 Section 3 Using a remo
25. Model 2460 BAN Banana Test Leads Adapter Cables with appropriate connections to the device One solar panel Section 8 Measuring l V characteristics of a solar panel Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Set up remote communications You can run this application from the front panel or any of the supported communication interfaces for the instrument GPIB USB or ethernet The following figure shows the rear panel connection locations for the remote communication interfaces For additional information about setting up remote communications see Remote communications interfaces on page 3 1 Figure 41 Model 2460 remote interface connections Model 2460 rear panel LAN USB GPIB a Connect the computer to one of the remote interfaces Device connections Connect the Model 2460 to the solar panel in a 4 wire configuration to provide the best measurement accuracy and eliminate the effects of the lead resistance on the measurement To use the 4 wire connection method e Connect the FORCE LO and SENSE LO leads to the cathode terminal e Connect the FORCE HI and SENSE HI leads to the anode terminal e Make the connections as close to the solar panel as possible to avoid including the resistance of the test leads in the measurement You can use either the front panel or the rear panel terminals for this application A WARNING Hazardous voltages may be present on all output and guard term
26. SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Making basic front panel measurements WMO CHOI gastos cctc tec tctacecsteestsdaiugtdepitasdtaesenatdasnnctanasstadetuntay bet EE 4 1 Equipment required for this AppitalON soretes 4 2 Device connections Make front panel measurements How to make front panel measurements Measuring low resistance devices IO JUCNOM inia N 5 1 EQUI IIb FOUTS a ices Sect cocoa a a SE acne eaea 5 1 SOUCUP remote OMIM DIS AON AS sas oath ass co este rand aan vente aE erae Toii a e aS 5 1 Device connections Low resistance measurements Set up the measurement from the front panel View the measurements on the front panel TREND swipe screen View the buffer statistics on the front panel Set up the low resistance application using S commai Set up the low resistance application using TSP commands Rechargeable battery MeaSUrEMENS sceeesesseeeessessenseseesseneeseeseeseeseeseesenentaes 6 1 Introduction 6 1 Equipment required 6 3 Device connections Automated battery charge and discharge cycle testing Set up remote communications Set up the battery application using SCPI commands Set up the battery application using TSP commands Generating an l V sweep on an LED with KickStart cccssssssesseessenseneeeeenes 7 1 MATL o lol at a E EEE AEAEE EEEE standin tidadentoa A EREE 7 1 Eguipmentand software Tequired asss ssrucnrsioan arene edeete 7
27. The Start Page is displayed as shown in the following figure Test Open Save Operations Fy New kickstart Test Open KickStart Test Recent Test Green LEDkst a E Figure 35 KickStart Startup Software Start Page CV Graph Format Format Image Export Data Graph Leam More Welcome To KickStart E B KickStart is an integrated measurement tool created for the novice or experienced user to quickly get results from your instruments Simply select your instrument choose your test application configure the test and start taking measurements Expandable 05 The capabilities of KickStart can be expanded to support additional instruments and test types With its flexible plug in architecture other instruments can be used in the same environment by installing the plug in modules Once installed you can select the application for that instrument and begin taking measurements 2 On the Start Page click New KickStart Test The Save As dialog box opens 3 Navigate to the location where you want to save your test projects you do not need to create a folder KickStart does that for you You can also use the default location for KickStart projects which is C Users My Documents Keithley Instruments KickStart 4 Enter a name for the test and click Save The test is saved as a kst file in a folder with the name of the test project 5 Click Select Instrument in the bottom left corner of the screen If the Model 2
28. The current and voltage measurements are stored in default buffer 1 defbuffer1 Send the following commands for this example application Command Description RST e Reset the Model 2460 SENS FUNC CURR e Set to measure current SENS CURR RANG AUTO ON e Set to measure with autorange enabled SENS CURR RSEN ON e Set to use 4 wire sense mode SOUR FUNC VOLT e Set to source voltage SOUR VOLT RANG 20 e Set to the 20 V source range SOUR VOLT ILIM 4 e Set the current limit to 4 A SOUR SWE VOLT LIN 0 20 115 0 05 e Set to sweep voltage from 0 to 20 V in 115 steps INIT with a 0 05 s delay WAI Initiate the sweep TRAC DATA 1 115 defbufferl SOUR READ e Wait until the sweep is finished e Read the source and measure values from defbufferl Set up the solar panel l V sweep using TSP commands NOTE The following TSP code is designed to be run from Keithley Instruments Test Script Builder TSB TSB is a software tool that is available from the Keithley Instruments website You can install and use TSB to write code and develop scripts for TSP enabled instruments Information about how to use TSB is in the online help for TSB and in the Introduction to TSP operation section of the Model 2460 Reference Manual To use other programming environments you may need to make changes to the example TSP code By default the Model 2460 is configured to use the SCPI command set You must select the TSP command set before sending
29. URCE_OUTPUT smu ON trigger model setblock 3 trigger BLOCK_WAIT trigger EVENT_TIMER1 trigger model setblock 4 trigger BLOCK_CONFIG_RECALL OutputList trigger model setblock 5 trigger BLOCK_DELAY_CONSTANT measuredelay trigger model setblock 6 trigger BLOCK_MEASURE 7 8 trigger model setblock 7 trigger BLOCK_WAIT trigger EVENT_TIMER2 trigger model setblock 8 trigger BLOCK_CONFIG_NEXT OutputList trigger model setblock 9 trigger BLOCK_BRANCH_COUNTER points 3 trigger model setblock 10 trigger BLOCK_SOURCE_OUTPUT smu OFF Start the trigger model defbufferl clear smu measure autozero once trigger model initiate delay 0 001 trigger timer 1 enable trigger ON waitcomplete In this example the output is measured across the load using an oscilloscope The following figure shows the pulse train displayed on the oscilloscope The figure shows that the trigger model event timers generate events at uniform time intervals This results in precise timing control 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 9 9 Section 9 Generating a high current pulse train Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Figure 54 Oscilloscope view of ten 1 ms 6 A pulses into a 1 Q load with a period of 4 ms 6v 6Ax1Q ay A 4ms period 4 00m The voltage measurements made during each pulse are saved in the buffer You can send this data to a remote interface
30. ake sure you have a remote connection to the instrument To identify the instrument In the upper right corner of the Home page click ie The button turns green iD and the LAN status indicator on the instrument blinks Click P steady on again to return the button to its original color and return the LAN status indicator to Review LAN trigger events in the event log The event log records all LXI events that the instrument generates and receives You can view the event log using any command interface or the embedded web interface The log includes the following information e The EventID column shows the event identifier that generated the event e The System Timestamp column displays the seconds and nanoseconds when the event occurred e The Data column displays the text of the event message e The Refresh button clears the existing data and updates the information on the screen with the most recent information from the instrument Determining the command set you will use You can change the command set that you use with the Model 2460 The remote command sets that are available include e SCPI An instrument specific language built on the SCPI standard e TSP A programming language that you can use to send individual commands or use to combine commands into scripts You cannot combine the command sets NOTE As delivered from Keithley Instruments the Model 2460 is set to work with the Model 2460 SCPI command set
31. an instrument 12 10 2013 10 48 AM 3 Click OK 4 Send acommand to the instrument and see if it responds NOTE If you have a full version of NI VISA on your system you can run NI MAX or the VISA Interactive Control utility See the National Instruments documentation for information If you have the Agilent IO Libraries on your system you can run Agilent Connection Expert to check your USB instruments See the Agilent documentation for information Using the web interface The Model 2460 web interface allows you to review basic information about the instrument change the IP configuration change the web interface password send commands and view LXI errors Connect to the instrument web interface When the LAN and instrument establish a connection you can open a web page for the instrument To access the web interface 1 Open a web browser on the host computer 2 Enter the IP address of the instrument in the address box of the web browser For example if the instrument IP address is 192 168 1 101 enter 192 168 1 101 in the browser address box 3 Press Enter on the computer keyboard to open the instrument web page 4 f prompted enter a user name and password The default is admin for both 3 12 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 3 Using a remote interface LAN troubleshooting suggestions If you are unable to connect to the web inter
32. asure function to voltage the display digits value changes to the value that was last set for the voltage measure function When you return to the current measure function the display digits value returns to the value you set previously 10 4 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 10 Troubleshooting FAQs What are the Quick Setup options The QUICKSET key opens a screen that provides access to function selection performance adjustments and quick setups The Function button on the Quickset menu allows you to select a source or measure function The options are the same as those available when you use the front panel FUNCTION key The Performance slider allows you to adjust speed and resolution As you increase speed you lower the amount of resolution As you increase resolution you decrease the reading speed These settings take effect the next time a measurement is made The Performance slider allows you to adjust speed and resolution As you increase speed you lower the amount of resolution As you increase resolution you decrease the reading speed These settings take effect the next time the output is turned on and measurements are made The Quick Setups allow you to set the instrument to operate as a Voltmeter Ammeter Ohmmeter or Power Supply A CAUTION When you select a Quick Setup the instrument turns the output on Carefully consider and configure
33. at this code will run in your programming environment Send the following commands for this example application Command Description RST e Reset the Model 2460 TRIG LOAD LOOP SIMP 100 e Configure Simple Loop trigger model SENS FUNC RES template to make 100 readings Set to measure resistance SENS RES RANG AUTO ON SENS RES OCOM ON e Turn on auto range SENS RES RSEN ON e Enable offset compensation DISP SCR PLOT e Set to use 4 wire sense mode OUTP ON e Show the TREND swipe screen INIT e Turn on the output WAI e Initiate readings TRAC DATA 1 100 defbufferl READ REL e Wait until finished OUTP OFF e Read the resistance and time values from defbufferl e Turn off the output Set up the low resistance application using TSP commands NOTE The following TSP code is designed to be run from Keithley Instruments Test Script Builder TSB TSB is a software tool that is available from the Keithley Instruments website You can install and use TSB to write code and develop scripts for TSP enabled instruments Information about how to use TSB is in the online help for TSB and in the Introduction to TSP operation section of the Model 2460 Reference Manual To use other programming environments you may need to make changes to the example TSP code By default the Model 2460 is configured to use the SCPI command set You must select the TSP command set before sending TSP commands to the instrument To ena
34. ations Using the web interface Determining the command set you will use Remote communications interfaces You can choose from one of several communications interfaces to send commands to and receive responses from the Model 2460 You can control the Model 2460 from only one communications interface at a time The first interface on which it receives a message takes control of the instrument If another interface sends a message that interface can take control of the instrument You may need to enter a password to change the interface depending on the access mode The Model 2460 automatically detects the type of communications interface LAN GPIB or USB when you connect to the respective port on the rear panel of the instrument In most cases you do not need to configure anything on the instrument In addition you do not need to reboot if you change the type of interface that is connected Supported remote interfaces The Model 2460 supports the following remote interfaces e GPIB IEEE 488 instrumentation general purpose interface bus e Ethernet Local area network ethernet communications e USB Type B USB port e TSP Link A high speed trigger synchronization and communications bus that test system builders can use to connect multiple instruments in a master and subordinate configuration For details about TSP Link see TSP Link System Expansion Interface in the Model 2460 Reference Manual Section 3 Using a remot
35. ble TSP commands 1 Press the MENU key 2 Under System select Settings 3 For Command Set select TSP 4 Atthe prompt to reboot select Yes This sequence of TSP commands makes 100 low resistance measurements by sourcing current and measuring resistance In this example the source current magnitude and limit voltage are set automatically It uses remote commands to change the front panel display to display the TREND swipe screen This allows you to view numeric data at the top of the screen and graphic data at the bottom of the screen After the code executes the data is displayed in the Instrument Console of Test Script Builder 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 5 7 Section 5 Measuring low resistance devices Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Send the following commands for this example application Reset the instrument to the default settings reset Configure the Simple Loop trigger model template to make 100 readings trigger model load SimpleLoop 100 Change the view on the front panel to the TREND swipe screen display changescreen display SCREEN_PLOT_SWIPE Set to measure resistance use 4 wire sense and offset compensation smu measure func smu FUNC_RESISTANCE smu measure sense smu SENSE_4WIRE smu measure offsetcompensation smu ON Turn on the output smu source output smu ON Initiate trigger model and wait until finished trigger model i
36. ction diagram for a test system with multiple instruments 3 2 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 3 Using a remote interface TION To avoid possible mechanical damage stack no more than three connectors on any one instrument To minimize interference caused by electromagnetic radiation use only shielded GPIB cables Contact Keithley Instruments for shielded cables Figure 10 Model 2460 IEEE 488 connections Series 2600A N Series 2650A F aE soe Set the GPIB address The default GPIB address is 18 You can set the address to any address from 0 to 30 if it is unique in the system This address cannot conflict with an address that is assigned to another instrument or to the GPIB controller Quick Tip GPIB controllers are usually set to 0 or 21 To be safe do not configure any instrument to have an address of 0 or 21 To change the controller address see the documentation for the controller The instrument saves the address in nonvolatile memory It does not change when you send a reset command or when you turn the power off and then on again 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Section 3 Using a remote interface Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual To set the GPIB address from the front panel Press the MENU key Under System select Communication The SYSTEM COM
37. e interface Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual GPIB communications The Model 2460 GPIB interface is IEEE Std 488 1 compliant and supports IEEE Std 488 2 common commands and status model topology You can have up to 15 devices connected to a GPIB interface including the controller The maximum cable length is the lesser of either e The number of devices multiplied by 2 m 6 5 ft e 20m 65 6 ft You may see erratic bus operation if you ignore these limits Install the GPIB driver software Check the documentation for your GPIB controller for information about where to acquire drivers Keithley Instruments also recommends that you check the website of the GPIB controller for the latest version of drivers or software It is important that you install the drivers before you connect the hardware This prevents associating the incorrect driver to the hardware Install the GPIB cards in your computer Refer to the documentation from the GPIB controller vendor for information about installing the GPIB controllers Connect GPIB cables to your instrument To connect an instrument to the GPIB interface use a cable equipped with standard GPIB connectors as shown below Figure 9 GPIB connector eq 1 p To allow many parallel connections to one instrument stack the connectors Each connector has two screws to ensure that connections remain secure The figure below shows a typical conne
38. e on measurement accuracy Enable offset compensation This reduces offset caused by thermoelectric voltages For information about offset compensation see What is offset compensation in the Model 2460 Reference Manual Turn on the source output and start making measurements Generate readings from the front panel or the remote interface Turn the source output off Set up the measurement from the front panel To set up the application from the front panel 1 ONDARY 9 10 Ti 12 Make connections from the Model 2460 to the device under test as described in Device connections on page 5 2 on page 8 2 Reset the instrument a Press the MENU key b Under System select Manage c Select System Reset d Select OK Press the FUNCTION key Under Source Current and Measure select Resistance Press the HOME key In the SOURCE CURRENT area select the button next to Source Select the source value Press the MENU key Under Measure select Settings For Sense Mode select 4 Wire Sense Next to Offset Comp select On Press the HOME key Press the OUTPUT ON OFF switch to enable the output and start making measurements Press the OUTPUT ON OFF switch to disable the output and stop making measurements The instrument displays the measurements in the MEASURE VOLTAGE area of the Home screen 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 5 5 Section 5 Measuring low resistance devices Model 2460 Interactive SourceMe
39. e personnel Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits perform safe installations and repair products Only properly trained service personnel may perform installation and service procedures Keithley Instruments products are designed for use with electrical signals that are measurement control and data I O connections with low transient overvoltages and must not be directly connected to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient overvoltages Measurement Category II as referenced in IEC 60664 connections require protection for high transient overvoltages often associated with local AC mains connections Certain Keithley measuring instruments may be connected to mains These instruments will be marked as category II or higher Unless explicitly allowed in the specifications operating manual and instrument labels do not connect any instrument to mains Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test fixtures The American National Standards Institute ANSI states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30 V RMS 42 4 V peak or 60 VDC are present A good safety practice is to expect that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before measuring Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times The responsible body must ensure that operators are prevented access and or insulated from eve
40. easure functions Set up the trigger model using TSP commands TSP commands to output a high current pulse train Troubleshooting FAQS sisicsicsssscasiestscsccsscacaveeastescrsiatvasessiacthsesnsasstvenaseeatiesassessistaasass 10 1 About ihis SECO Mesene sound nA E 10 1 Where cami findiupdated dNvorS acca ceeias ccsescctiasctakscees nese stress vactate cst ideccehindanataiaeceeieas 10 1 AGW Go lupgrade the AMMO seese oeie eaae E eE E EAEE 10 2 Why can t the Model 2460 read my USB flash Crive ccccccscesceteteteeseessseseenenenenenes 10 2 How doilchange the command Sot sesinin a ecient 10 2 Why aml getting a S074 event COM SP eiei iea e o0lins moneenieraeisonmciian 10 3 How do save the present state of the instrument cece eet eens eneeneeeneneenenenee 10 4 Why didmy setings chango nisi acsssicacnsscscossstioaconsasansatdcerasstannaasagen R 10 4 What aire the Quick Setup OPUONS ssid eiaeiiai aaia aR 10 5 Next SO PS isicaicsccitescavisidesctnixacancseiisundsnssnasudsccsndauiel onntiniadseanseuadducateaniedesnuinintccusininieasa 11 1 Additional Model ZAG ONTO ALON eis onina ainiai oa ia 11 1 Section 1 Introduction In this section Welcome Introduction to this manual Extended warranty Contact information CD ROM contents Organization of manual sections Applications DONNAL Welcome Thank you for choosing a Keithley Instruments product The Model 2460 High Current Interact
41. ent You can then view the data on the graph screen To set up the application from the front panel i 2 3 a Make connections to the instrument and device under test DUT as described in Device connections on page 5 2 on page 8 2 Press the POWER switch on the front panel to turn on the instrument Reset the instrument a Press the MENU key b Under System select Manage c Select System Reset d Select OK Press the HOME key Press the FUNCTION key Under Source Voltage and Measure select Current 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 8 Measuring l V characteristics of a solar panel 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Press the MENU key Under Measure select Settings Select the button next to Sense Mode and select 4 Wire Sense Press the MENU key Under Source select Sweep Set the Start level to 0 v and select OK Set the Stop level to 20 v and select OK Selec the button next to Definition and select Number of Points Select the button next to Points enter 115 and select OK Swipe the SWEEP SETTINGS screen until you see Source Limit Selec Selec Enter Selec Press the button next to Source Limit enter 4 A and select OK the button next to Delay and select Specify Delay Manually 50 ms and select OK Generate This sets
42. ent and a host computer you can use automatic IP address selection If you select Auto the instrument attempts to get an IP address from a DHCP server If this fails it reverts to a local IP address in the range of 169 254 1 0 through 169 254 254 255 NOTE Both the host computer and the instrument should be set to use automatic LAN configuration Though it is possible to have one set to manual configuration it is more complicated to set up 3 4 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 3 Using a remote interface To set up automatic IP address selection using the front panel 1 From the Home screen press MENU Under System select Communication Select the LAN tab For TCP IP Mode select Auto Select Apply Settings to save your settings aR oN Set up manual LAN configuration If necessary you can set the IP address on the instrument manually You can also enable or disable the DNS settings and assign a host name to the DNS server NOTE Contact your corporate information technology IT department to secure a valid IP address for the instrument when placing the instrument on a corporate network The instrument IP address has leading zeros but the computer IP address cannot To set up manual IP address selection on the instrument From the Home screen press MENU Under System select Communication Select the LAN tab For TCP IP
43. er Model Click Next The Configure USB Instrument dialog box is displayed with the detected instrument VISA resource string visible Click Next The Name Virtual Instrument dialog box is displayed 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 3 Using a remote interface Figure 14 Name Virtual Instrument dialog box Enter a Virtual Instrument Name below The wizard will replace spaces with underscore _ characters Press Finish to save your changes Press Next to continue Press Cancel to quit this operation Virtual Instrument Name MyUSBInstrument 9 Inthe Virtual Instrument Name box enter a name that you want to use to refer to the instrument 10 Click Finish 11 Click Cancel to close the Wizard 12 Save the configuration From the Keithley Configuration Panel select File gt Save 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 3 11 Section 3 Using a remote interface Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Verify the instrument through the Keithley Communicator 1 Click Start gt All Programs gt Keithley Instruments gt Keithley Communicator 2 Select File gt Open Instrument to open the instrument you just named Figure 15 Keithley Communicator Open an Instrument gt E Keithley Communicator 2oajB File Edit Execution Command Tools Help a DPEN AN INS Cancel Help Open
44. face Send the command LANG SCPI Reboot the instrument To change to the TSP command set from a remote interface Send the command LANG TSP Reboot the instrument To verify which command set is selected Send the command LANG Why am I getting a 5074 event code The instrument provides an interlock circuit on the rear panel You must enable this circuit in order for the instrument to set source voltages greater than 42 V DC If you try to assign a high voltage output and turn the source on when the interlock is not asserted you see event code 5074 Output voltage limited by interlock A WARNING The Model 2460 is provided with an interlock circuit that must be positively activated in order for the high voltage output to be enabled The interlock helps facilitate safe operation of the equipment in a test system Bypassing the interlock could expose the operator to hazardous voltages that could result in personal injury or death If the safety interlock is not asserted and the source is turned on the following actions occur e The nominal output is limited to less than 42 V e The front panel INTERLOCK indicator is not illuminated To recover from this error properly engage the interlock using a safe test fixture before turning on the Model 2460 output 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 10 3 Section 10 Troubleshooting FAQs Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual How do I save
45. face of the instrument check the following items Veri y that the network cable is in the LAN port on the rear panel of the instrument not one of the TSP Link ports Veri y that the network cable is in the correct port on the computer The LAN port of a laptop may be disabled when the laptop is in a docking station Veri Veri Veri Veri y that the setup procedure used the configuration information for the correct ethernet card y that the network card of the computer is enabled y that the IP address of the instrument is compatible with the IP address on the computer y that the subnet mask address of the instrument is the same as the subnet mask address of the computer Restart your computer Turn the instrument s power off and then on Wait at least 60 seconds for the network con 1 2 3 4 iguration to be completed Verify that the correct settings are assigned to the instrument Press the MENU key Under System select Communication Select the LAN tab Verify the settings If the above actions do not correct the problem contact your system administrator 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 3 13 Section 3 Using a remote interface Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Web interface Home page Figure 16 Model 2460 web page KEITHLEY A Tektronix Company 2007 2014 Keit
46. ge during each pulse it is important to configure the measure and source functions appropriately To minimize measure time e Set the voltage measure range to a fixed range e Set the integration rate of the measurement to 0 01 NPLC 166 67 us e Run autozero once to perform a one time autozero operation before the start of the trigger model For more precise source times e Turn off the source readback feature e f you want to use source readback you must allow enough time for two measurements The voltage measurement and the current source measurement e Set the source delay time to zero In this example the two values for the source pulselevel and biaslevel are stored in a source configuration list named Output List This configuration list is recalled by the trigger model Set up the trigger model using TSP commands After you have set up the source and measure functions configure the trigger model using the trigger model setblock commands The blocks in the trigger model execute sequentially as shown in the following figure 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 9 Generating a high current pulse train Figure 53 TriggerFlow diagram used to generate a pulse train e Event timer 1 Event timer 2 started by event timer 1 lt Loop Y Counter N The trigger model recalls the values in the source configuration list triggers the vol
47. h current pulse train using Test Script Processor TSP commands and the Model 2460 trigger model 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 1 3 Section 2 Using the front panel interface In this section Front panel OVGIVIOW ossiani aaa Power the instrument on or off Turn the Model 2460 output on or off Touchscreen display Store measurements on a USB flash driv Saving screen captures to a USB flash drive eee 2 8 Front panel overview The front panel of the Model 2460 is shown below Descriptions of the controls on the front panel follow the figure Figure 1 Model 2460 front panel AUTO_DEL as0000V 7 000008 Turns the instrument on or off To turn the instrument on press the POWER switch o l a power switch so that it is in the on position To turn it off press the POWER power switch so that it is in the off position O HOME key Returns the display to the Home screen MENU key Opens the main menu Press the icons on the main menu to open source measure views trigger scripts and system screens QUICKSET key Opens a menu of preconfigured setups including voltmeter ammeter ohmmeter and power supply Also allows you to choose measure functions and adjust performance for better resolution or speed HELP key Opens help for the area or item that is selected on the display If there is no selected area or item w
48. he cable to the computer 2 Connect the Type B end of the cable to the instrument 3 Turn on the instrument power When the computer detects the new USB connection the Found New Hardware Wizard starts 4 If the Can Windows connect to Windows Update to search for software dialog box opens click No and then click Next 5 Onthe USB Test and Measurement device dialog box click Next and then click Finish Communicate with the instrument For the instrument to communicate with the USB device you must use NI VISA VISA requires a resource string in the following format to connect to the correct USB instrument USBO 0x05e6 0x2460 serial number INSTR Where e 0x05e6 The Keithley vendor ID e 0x2460 The instrument model number e serial number The serial number of the instrument the serial number is also on the rear panel e INSTR Use the USBTMC protocol To determine these parameters you can run the Keithley Configuration Panel which automatically detects all instruments connected to the computer If you installed the Keithley I O Layer you can access the Keithley Configuration Panel through the Microsoft Windows Start menu 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 3 7 Section 3 Using a remote interface Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual To use the Keithley Configuration Panel to determine the VISA resource string 1 Click Start gt All Programs gt Keithley Instru
49. he output is turned off With the normal output off state selected turning the output off sets the voltage limit to zero This 0 V source limit condition will cause excessive current to be drawn from the external battery or source Carefully consider and configure the output off state source and limits before connecting the Model 2460 to a device that can deliver energy Devices that can deliver energy include voltage sources batteries capacitors and solar cells Configure instrument settings before making connections to the device Failure to consider the output off state source and limits may result in damage to the instrument or to the device under test DUT When using the current source as a sink always set the voltage limit and configure overvoltage protection OVP to levels that are higher than the external voltage level Failure to do so could result in excessive current flow into the Model 2460 gt 100 mA and incorrect measurements Equipment required e One Model 2460 High Current Interactive SourceMeter instrument e For front panel connections use four insulated banana cables such as the Keithley Instruments Model 8608 High Performance Clip Lead Set one set included with the Model 2460 you will need another set e For rear panel connections use one Model 2460 KIT Screw Terminal Connector Kit provided with the Model 2460 or you can use one set of Model 2460 BAN Banana Test Leads Adapter Cables with appropria
50. he rear panel connections You can make these connections with either the Model 2460 KIT Screw Terminal Connector Kit included with the Model 2460 or a Model 2460 BAN Banana Test Leads Adapter Cable with appropriate cabling 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 9 3 Section 9 Generating a high current pulse train Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Figure 51 Model 2460 4 wire connections to the rear panel Force LO Sense LO Resistor Sense HI High speed high current pulses from a remote interface In this application the Model 2460 is configured from a remote interface to generate a high current pulse train using Test Script Processor TSP commands A voltage reading is taken during each pulse To ensure precise timing control you will specify pulse parameters configure the current source and voltage measurements and set up the trigger model to control the timing of the pulses and measurements 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 9 Generating a high current pulse train Define the pulse test parameters The following pulse test parameters which define the magnitude and timing of the pulse are used in this example application The actual values for these test parameters will vary depending on your specific application Test parameter Value Definition biaslevel OA Sets the offset curren
51. hen you press the HELP key overview information for the screen you are viewing is displayed Section 2 Using the front panel interface Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual USB port baa You can save buffer data and scripts to the USB flash drive The i flash drive must be formatted as a FAT drive Touchscreen OA The Model 2460 has a high resolution five inch color touchscreen display You can use the touchscreen to access swipe screens and menu options You can access additional interactive screens by pressing the front panel MENU QUICKSET and FUNCTION keys Navigation control Turning the navigation control Moves the cursor to highlight a list value or menu item so that you can select it Turning the control when the cursor is in a value entry field increases or decreases the value in the field Pressing the navigation control Selects the highlighted choice or allows you to edit the selected field ENTER key Selects the highlighted choice or allows you to edit the selected field EXIT key Returns to the previous screen or closes a dialog box For example press the EXIT key when the main menu is displayed to return to the Home screen When you are viewing a subscreen for example the Event Log screen press the EXIT key to return to the main menu screen FUNCTION key Displays instrument functions To select a function touch the function name on the screen
52. hley Instruments Inc All rights reserved Source Measure Unit Home Admin LXI Home Instrument Model 2460 IP Config Manufacturer Keithley Instruments Serial Number 01429274 renee 1 0 00 Virtual Front mikan Panel TCP Raw Socket 5025 Telnet Port 23 Send Commands Last LXI Message i nes history Reading buffer defbuffer1 is 0 filled Help The Home page of the instrument provides information about the instrument It includes e The instrument model number manufacturer serial number and firmware revision number e The TCP Raw Socket number and Telnet Port number e The last LXI message The history link opens the LXI Home page e The ID button which allows you to identify the instrument Refer to Identify the instrument on page 3 15 You can also control some instrument functions from the web interface e The Virtual Front Panel page allows you to control the instrument as if you were using the front panel For details see Using the Model 2460 virtual front panel in the Model 2460 Reference Manual e You can send single line commands from the Send Commands page of the web interface 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 3 Using a remote interface Identify the instrument If you have a bank of instruments you can click ID to determine which one you are communicating with Before trying to identify the instrument m
53. ilt in features of the Model 2460 optimize low resistance measurements such as remote sensing and offset compensation Equipment required e One Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter instrument e For front panel connections use four insulated banana cables such as the Keithley Instruments Model 8608 High Performance Clip Lead Set one set included with the Model 2460 you will need another set e For rear panel connections use one Model 2460 KIT Screw Terminal Connector Kit provided with the Model 2460 or you can use one set of Model 2460 BAN Banana Test Leads Adapter Cables with appropriate connections to the device e One low resistance device to be tested the application shown here uses a 20 mA resistor Set up remote communications You can run this application from the front panel or any of the supported communication interfaces for the instrument GPIB USB or ethernet The following figure shows the rear panel connection locations for the remote communication interfaces For additional information about setting up remote communications see Remote communications interfaces on page 3 1 Section 5 Measuring low resistance devices Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Figure 18 Model 2460 remote interface connections Model 2460 rear panel USB GPIB Connect the computer to one of the remote interfaces Device connections To provide the best measurement accuracy use the four w
54. inals To prevent electrical shock that could cause injury or death never make or break connections to the Model 2460 while the output is on To prevent electric shock test connections must be configured such that the user cannot come in contact with conductors or any device under test DUT that is in contact with the conductors It is good practice to disconnect DUTs from the instrument before powering the instrument Safe installation requires proper shields barriers and grounding to prevent contact with conductors 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 8 Measuring l V characteristics of a solar panel The following figure shows the schematic for the application Figure 42 Model 2460 connections to a solar panel Model 2460 T Force HI e a Sense HI Solar panel ale Sense LO Force LO The following figures show the physical connections for the front and rear panels Note that you must use either the front panel terminals or rear panel terminals you cannot mix connections The figure below shows the front panel connections You can make these connections with four insulated banana cables that are rated to the maximum current 7 A such as two sets of the Keithley Instruments Model 8608 High Performance Clip Lead Set Figure 43 Model 2460 4 wire connections to the front panel Force HI The figure below show
55. ing a properly grounded protective earth and grounded outlet may result in personal injury or death due to electric shock Do not replace detachable mains supply cords with inadequately rated cords Failure to use properly rated cords may result in personal injury or death due to electric shock To connect the power cord 1 Make sure that the front panel POWER switch is in the off O position 2 Connect the female end of the supplied power cord to the AC receptacle on the rear panel 3 Connect the other end of the power cord to a grounded AC outlet Figure 2 Model 2460 rear panel LINE FUSE aigwetow 04 250V IEEE 488 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 2 3 Section 2 Using the front panel interface Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual To turn a Model 2460 on or off 1 Before turning the instrument on disconnect any devices under test DUTs from the Model 2460 2 To turn your instrument on press the front panel POWER switch to place it in the on position The instrument displays a status bar as it powers on The Home screen is displayed when power on is complete 3 To turn your instrument off press the front panel POWER switch to place it in the off O position Turn the Model 2460 output on or off You can turn the Model 2460 output on from the front panel or by sending remote commands A WARNING Turning the Model 2460 output off does not
56. ion you will e Reset the instrument e Set the measurement to a 4 wire configuration e Set the instrument to source voltage and measure current e Select the high impedance output off mode which opens the output relay when the Model 2460 output is turned off Select this mode before connecting the battery to the output This prevents the battery from draining when it is connected to the instrument with the output off e Set the current limit to the current level at which the battery is to be charged or discharged This is the load current of the test Even though the Model 2460 is sourcing voltage it operates in constant current mode because it is in current limit until it reaches the desired voltage e Turn on the source readback to enable the Model 2460 to measure the battery voltage while it either charges or discharges e Read the load current source readback voltage and the relative timestamp e Monitor the voltage until the battery voltage reaches the desired voltage level and stop the test To charge the battery program the Model 2460 to output a voltage that is equivalent to the voltage rating of the battery For example to charge a 10 V battery set the Model 2460 to source 10 V As the battery fully charges current decreases until it reaches zero or near zero battery charged To discharge the battery program the Model 2460 to output a voltage to a lower level than the battery voltage and set the output off state to high i
57. ional e User s Manual Provides application examples that you can use as a starting point to create your own applications e Reference Manual Includes advanced operation topics maintenance information troubleshooting procedures optimization strategies and in depth descriptions of programming commands e KickStart Startup Software Quick Start Guide Provides instructions to quickly make measurements and get results without having to program test scripts e Accessories information Documentation for accessories that are available for the Model 2460 For the latest drivers and additional support information see the Keithley Instruments website http www keithley com 1 2 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 1 Introduction Organization of manual sections This manual is organized into the following sections Using the front panel interface on page 2 1 Describes the basics of using the front panel interface Using a remote interface on page 3 1 Describes the basics of remote communications and using the instrument web interface Application examples see below Provides detailed examples of how to use the Model 2460 in some typical situations Troubleshooting FAQs on page 10 1 Provides answers to frequently asked questions to help you troubleshoot common problems encountered with the Model 2460 Next steps on page 11 1 Provides i
58. ire Kelvin measurement method for this test This method eliminates the effects of lead resistance on the measurement accuracy It is the preferred method when measuring low resistances To use the 4 wire connection method e Connect one set of test leads to the FORCE LO and FORCE HI terminals this setup forces a current through the device under test e Connect the other set of test leads to the SENSE HI and SENSE LO terminals which measure the voltage drop across the device under test DUT 5 2 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 5 Measuring low resistance devices A WARNING Hazardous voltages may be present on all output and guard terminals To prevent electrical shock that could cause injury or death never make or break connections to the Model 2460 while the output is on To prevent electric shock test connections must be configured such that the user cannot come in contact with conductors or any device under test DUT that is in contact with the conductors It is good practice to disconnect DUTs from the instrument before powering the instrument Safe installation requires proper shields barriers and grounding to prevent contact with conductors There is no internal connection between protective earth safety ground and the LO terminals of the Model 2460 Therefore hazardous voltages more than 30 V can appear on LO terminals This can occur
59. ive SourceMeter Instrument is a precise low noise instrument that combines a stable DC power supply true high current source electronic load and a high impedance multimeter The design of this instrument features intuitive setup and control enhanced signal quality and range and better resistivity and resistance capabilities than similar products on the market The Model 2460 can source up to 7 A and features 1 A 4 A 5 A and 7 A ranges With 0 012 percent basic accuracy at 612 digit resolution the Model 2460 is a good solution for testing a wide variety of materials and devices in applications such as power semiconductors solar energy high brightness LEDs power conversion electrochemistry batteries and more Introduction to this manual This manual provides detailed applications to help you achieve success with your Keithley Instruments Model 2460 In addition this manual provides the basics of the front panel to familiarize you with the instrument This manual presents an overview of each application followed by instructions to complete the application using the front panel SCPI code TSP code or Keithley KickStart Startup Software as appropriate for the application some show multiple ways to complete an application More information about the commands that are used in these applications is available Refer to the SCPI and TSP command reference sections of the Model 2460 Reference Manual This manual is on the Product Infor
60. kQ resistor to test Device connections NOTE Turn the power to the instrument off before attaching connections to the Model 2460 Connect the Model 2460 to the resistor in a 2 wire local sense configuration In this configuration the device is connected between the FORCE HI and FORCE LO terminals The physical connections to the front panel are shown in the following figure Figure 17 Model 2460 2 wire front panel connections Model 2460 FORGE Hil Resistor FORCE LO Make front panel measurements For this application you will Select the source and measure functions Select the source range Set the source value Set the source limit Select the measurement range Turn on the source output Observe the readings on the display Turn off the source output 4 2 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 4 Making basic front panel measurements How to make front panel measurements To make a measurement from the front panel il 2 3 A as a o a a Pi 12 13 14 Press the POWER switch on the front panel to turn on the instrument or cycle power if the instrument is already on Verify the source and measure function On the front panel press the FUNCTION key Under Source Voltage and Measure select Current Select the source range On the Home screen under SOURCE VOLTAGE select the button next to Range Select
61. l 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Figure 34 Model 2460 4 wire rear panel connections to an LED Force HI Generating an I V sweep using KickStart This example application uses Keithley KickStart Startup Software to generate a current voltage sweep on a high brightness LED In this example application you will e Launch the KickStart software e Create a new test project e Select an instrument e Select a test type e Configure the test parameters e Configure and view the graph screen e Run the test e View and save the test data Configure the Model 2460 to use the KickStart software The Model 2460 must be set to use the Test Script Processor TSP command set before you can use the KickStart software By default the Model 2460 is configured to use the SCPI command set You must select the TSP command set before using KickStart To enable TSP commands 1 Press the MENU key 2 Under System select Settings 3 For Command Set select TSP 4 Atthe prompt to reboot select Yes Launch KickStart and set up the test Once the communication cable is connected to the computer and the TSP command set is enabled you are ready to launch the KickStart software 7 4 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 7 Generating an l V sweep on an LED with KickStart To create a new test project 1 Launch the KickStart software
62. lculated power are displayed on the front panel of the Model 2460 You can copy the data from the TSB Instrument Console into a spreadsheet such as Microsoft Excel for graphing and further analysis The figure below shows the results of graphing the data in an Excel spreadsheet Notice that the test on the solar panel was executed with light light ON and in the dark light OFF Figure 47 Solar panel I V characteristics generated with and without light i 0 5 Light OFF 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 0 05 Voltage volts 1 AS 2 4 Current amps 25 7 3 3 5 Light ON 4 4 5 8 8 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Section 9 Generating a high current pulse train In this section Introduction Equipment required Set up remote communications Device connections High speed high current pulses from a remote interface Introduction This example application demonstrates how to use the Model 2460 High Current Interactive SourceMeter instrument to generate high current pulses up to 7 A and measure voltage Making pulsed I V measurements may be necessary to avoid self heating effects device damage or to observe the response of a device to a pulsed signal In this example the trigger model controls the timing The minimum pulse width and period may vary depending on the magnitude of the current If you pulse low current less than 1 pA yo
63. line help for TSB and in the Introduction to TSP operation section of the Model 2460 Reference Manual To use other programming environments you may need to make changes to the example TSP code By default the Model 2460 is configured to use the SCPI command set You must select the TSP command set before sending TSP commands to the instrument To enable TSP commands 1 Press the MENU key 2 Under System select Settings 3 For Command Set select TSP 4 Atthe prompt to reboot select Yes This following example code generates 10 pulses with a magnitude of 6 A and a pulse width of 1 ms The pulse period is 4 ms and the load is 1 The voltage readings are stored in the default buffer defbufferl Send the following commands for this application reset Set up the pulse parameters user specified biaslevel 0 pulselevel 6 biaswidth 3e 3 pulsewidth le 3 period pulsewidth biaswidth points 10 limit 7 Set the source to output current and create a source configuration list dal smu source configlist create OutputList smu source func smu FUNC_DC_CURRENT smu source readback smu OFF Set up the measure functions smu measure func smu FUNC_DC_VOLTAGE smu measure nplc 0 01 smu measure terminals smu TERMINALS_FRONT smu measure range limit smu measure sense smu SENSE_4WIRE measuredelay pulsewidth 1 localnode linefreq smu measure nple 450e 6 if mea
64. mation CD ROM that came with your instrument Section 1 Introduction Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Extended warranty Additional years of warranty coverage are available on many products These valuable contracts protect you from unbudgeted service expenses and provide additional years of protection at a fraction of the price of a repair Extended warranties are available on new and existing products Contact your local Keithley Instruments office sales partner or distributor for details Contact information If you have any questions after you review the information in this documentation please contact your local Keithley Instruments office sales partner or distributor or call Keithley Instruments corporate headquarters toll free inside the U S and Canada only at 1 800 935 5595 or from outside the U S at 1 440 248 0400 For worldwide contact numbers visit the Keithley Instruments website http www keithley com CD ROM contents The following CD ROM is shipped with each Model 2460 instrument e Interactive SourceMeter SMU Instruments Product Information CD ROM Keithley Instruments part number 24GDI 950 01 The Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter SMU Instrument Product Information CD ROM contains e Quick Start Guide Provides unpacking instructions describes basic connections reviews basic operation information and provides a quick test procedure to ensure the instrument is operat
65. mentation Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with nonhazardous voltages there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury Read and follow all installation operation and maintenance information carefully before using the product Refer to the user documentation for complete product specifications If the product is used in a manner not specified the protection provided by the product warranty may be impaired The types of product users are Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment for ensuring that the equipment is operated within its specifications and operating limits and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained Operators use the product for its intended function They must be trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the instrument They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating properly for example setting the line voltage or replacing consumable materials Maintenance procedures are described in the user documentation The procedures explicitly state if the operator may perform them Otherwise they should be performed only by servic
66. ments gt Keithley Configuration Panel The Select Operation dialog box is displayed Figure 11 Select Operation dialog box Welcome to the Keithley Configuration Wizard This wizard will help manage your virtual instruments Select the Operation you want to perform Press Next to continue Press Cancel to quit this operation Operations Add C Change C Delete C Test IV Show this wizard on startup 2 Select Add 3 8 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 3 Using a remote interface 3 Click Next The Select Communication Bus dialog box is displayed Figure 12 Select Communication Bus dialog box Select the Communication Bus connecting this computer to the physical instrument Press Next to continue Press Cancel to quit this operation 4 Select USB 5 Click Next The Select Instrument Driver dialog box is displayed 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 3 9 Section 3 Using a remote interface Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Figure 13 Select Instrument Driver dialog box Select the Instrument Driver Model of the physical instrument Select Auto detect Instrument Driver Model to have this Wizard choose an appropriate driver You must connect and power the physical instrument Press Next to continue Press Cancel to quit this operation Select Auto detect Instrument Driv
67. minals are active a green F is visible to the left of the FRONT REAR switch When the rear panel terminals are active a yellow R is visible to the left of the switch Chassis connection Banana jack connector that provides a chassis connection 2 2 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 2 Using the front panel interface Power the instrument on or off Follow the steps below to connect the Model 2460 to line power and turn on the instrument The Model 2460 operates from a line voltage of 100 V to 240 V at a frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz It automatically senses line voltage Make sure the operating voltage in your area is compatible You must turn on the Model 2460 and allow it to warm up for at least one hour to achieve rated accuracies A CAUTION Operating the instrument on an incorrect line voltage may cause damage to the instrument possibly voiding the warranty A WARNING The power cord supplied with the Model 2460 contains a separate protective earth safety ground wire for use with grounded outlets When proper connections are made the instrument chassis is connected to power line ground through the ground wire in the power cord In addition a redundant protective earth connection is provided through a screw on the rear panel This terminal should be connected to a known protective earth In the event of a failure not us
68. mpedance In this configuration the Model 2460 operates as a sink to discharge the battery Current from the battery flows into the HI terminal of the Model 2460 which results in negative current measurements As the battery discharges the current stays constant 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 6 Rechargeable battery measurements Set up remote communications This application is configured to run remotely You can run this application from any of the supported communication interfaces for the instrument GPIB USB or ethernet The following figure shows the rear panel connection locations for the remote communication interfaces For additional information about how to set up remote communications see Remote communications interfaces on page 3 1 Figure 28 Model 2460 remote interface connections Model 2460 rear panel USB GPIB Connect the computer to one of the remote interfaces Set up the battery application using SCPI commands The SCPI code in this example is configured to discharge a fully charged 1 2 V 2500 mAh battery to 0 9 V The Model 2460 is configured to source voltage and measure current Specifically the voltage source is set to 0 9 V and the source limit is set to 2 5 A The voltage current and relative timestamp values are returned Measurements are made until the voltage reaches the set level NOTE You may need to
69. n the USER swipe screen at the bottom of the screen see the figure following the example code NOTE You may need to change the current and voltage levels so that they are appropriate for the battery you are testing The TSP code in this example also saves all of the current voltage and time readings to a USB flash drive connected to the Model 2460 front panel NOTE Before connecting the battery to the Model 2460 output terminals complete the following tasks to prepare the Model 2460 for the test Reset the instrument 1 Press the MENU key 2 Under System select Manage 3 Select System Reset gt OK Set the output off state to High Impedance 1 Press the MENU key 2 Under Source select Settings 3 Select the button next to Output Off State and select High Impedance This output off state opens the output relay when the output is turned off preventing the battery from draining 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 6 9 Section 6 Rechargeable battery measurements Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Send the following TSP commands for this example application This code discharges a 2500 mAH 1 2 V battery to 0 9 V with a discharge current of 2 5A 1C Hefore using this code reset the instrument from the front panel and set the output off state of the Model 2460 to High Impedance High Z Also insert a USB flash drive in the front panel USB port to save y
70. nformation about additional resources that can help you use the Model 2460 This PDF provides bookmarks for each section In addition the Table of Contents at the beginning of this manual lists the manual sections For more information about bookmarks see Adobe Acrobat or Reader help Applications This manual provides application examples that show you how to perform tests from the front panel and over a remote interface These applications are presented after the summary information about the Model 2460 The applications include Making basic front panel measurements on page 4 1 Demonstrates the basic measurement functionality using a single Model 2460 and a two terminal device under test DUT Measuring low resistance devices on page 5 1 Demonstrates how to use a Model 2460 to make low resistance measurements of a 20 mQ resistor Rechargeable battery measurements on page 6 1 Demonstrates how to use a single Model 2460 to perform automated battery discharge and charge cycle testing Generating an l V sweep on an LED with KickStart on page 7 1 Demonstrates how use the Model 2460 to test high brightness light emitting diodes LEDs using Keithley KickStart Startup Software Measuring l V characteristics of a solar panel on page 8 1 Demonstrates using an l V sweep to characterize a solar panel using the Model 2460 Generating a high current pulse train on page 9 1 Demonstrates how use a Model 2460 to generate a hig
71. nitiate waitcomplete Turnsottsoutput smu source output smu OFF Read the resistance and time values from defbufferl print Resistance tTime Earr i 8 Aloe tele print string format Sf t f defbufferl i defbufferl relativetimestamps i end 5 8 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Section 6 Rechargeable battery measurements In this section Introduction Equipment required Device connections Automated battery charge and discharge cycle testing Introduction This example application demonstrates how to use a single Model 2460 to perform automated battery discharge and charge cycle testing A WARNING To prevent personal injury or damage to the Model 2460 do not attempt to charge nonrechargeable batteries Some of the batteries that can be charged with a Model 2460 are nickel cadmium Ni Cd nickel metal hydride Ni MH lithium ion Li ion rechargeable alkaline and lead acid If you are working with a battery type that is not listed here please contact your local Keithley office sales partner or distributor or call one of our Applications Engineers to get technical assistance Always follow the battery manufacturer s requirements for charging or discharging batteries using a Model 2460 Failure to properly charge or discharge batteries may cause them to leak or explode resulting in personal injury and property damage Overvoltage and current protection should be
72. nnnnnnnnennnn 2 1 Frontpanol OvoNViE Wiss gone aean santesauineescunnes seuneaneatte S R 2 1 Power the ins mument on OF Offscreen e ae casters Eee ae ESEE SESA E E 2 3 Tumithe Modol 2460 0uipUt OM OOl ia a eii 2 4 Touchscreen display Select items on the touchscreen Interactive swipe screens Menu overview Store measurements on a USB flash drive 2 7 Saving screen captures to a USB flash drive irisiissniisieiassgiiaos ienna ianie ioien 2 8 Using a remote interface ssscsscscsessossnsnsusosssssssnenssssesseasonsecnrossnensusausnsansansaasase 3 1 Remote Communications iitetaCe ss c c nisceceicusesnteustestcdasnatesstistdedtnstadseasscugdactedanecsdusteate 3 1 Supported remote interfaces GPIB CORT UN CRON Ss sd song ceases E tees ts Sates cee ernest A OE wearers Install the GPIB driver software Install the GPIB cards in your computer Connect GPIB cables to your instrument Set the GPIB address LAN communications Set up LAN communications on the instrument Set up LAN communications on the computer USB communications Connect a computer to the Model 2460 using USB Communicate with the instrument Using the web interface Connect to the instrument web interface LAN troubleshooting suggestions Web interface Home page Identify the instrument Review LAN trigger events in the event log Determining the command set you will use Table of Contents Model 2460 Interactive
73. nt is controlled remotely a message is displayed Select Yes to continue 11 When the upgrade is complete reboot the instrument ONAARY A message is displayed while the upgrade is in progress Upgrade files are available on the Keithley Instruments website hitp www keithley com Why can t the Model 2460 read my USB flash drive Verify that the flash drive is formatted with the FAT file system The Model 2460 only supports FAT drives In Microsoft Windows you can check the file system by checking the properties of the USB flash drive How do change the command set You can change the command set that you use with the Model 2460 The remote command sets that are available include e SCPI An instrument specific language built on the SCPI standard e TSP A programming language that you can use to send individual commands or use to combine commands into scripts 10 2 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 10 Troubleshooting FAQs You cannot combine the command sets NOTE As delivered from Keithley Instruments the Model 2460 is set to work with the Model 2460 SCPI command set To set the command set from the front panel 1 Press the MENU key 2 Under System select Settings 3 Select the button next to Command Set 4 Select the command set 5 You are prompted to reboot To change to the SCPI command set from a remote inter
74. ormation about related products Your local Field Applications Engineer can help you with product selection configuration and usage Check the website for contact information
75. ould provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line earth ground Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being measured For safety instruments and accessories must be used in accordance with the operating instructions If the instruments or accessories are used in a manner not specified in the operating instructions the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories as defined in the specifications and operating information and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels or switching card When fuses are used in a product replace with the same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits NOT as protective earth safety ground connections If you are using a test fixture keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test Safe operation requires the use of a lid interlock a screw is present connect it to protective earth safety ground using the wire recommended in the user documentation he AN symbol on an instrument means caution risk of danger The user must refer to the operating instructions located in the user documentation in all cases where the symbol is marked on the instrument 4 he A symbol on an in
76. our readings Clear the buffer defbufferl clear Measurement settings smu measure func smu FUNC_DC_CURRENT smu measure range 2 5 smu measure sense smu SENSE_4WIRE Sou rce settings smu source func smu FUNC_DC_VOLTAGE smu source offmode smu OFFMODE_HIGHZ smu source level 0 smu measure terminals smu TERMINALS_REAR smu source range 0 smu source readback smu ON smu source ilimit level 2 5 Set the voltage limit for the battery to stop discharging Sse the variable for the number of iterations voltLimit 0 9001 iteration 1 Turn on the source output smu source output smu ON Change the display to the USER swipe screen display changescreen display SCREEN_USER_SWIPE Keep taking readings in the while loop until the measured voltage is equal to the voltage limit while true do Take a reading and get the current voltage and relative timestamp curr smu measure read defbuffer1 volt defbufferl sourcevalues iteration time defbufferl relativetimestamps iteration hours time 3600 Compare the measured voltage to the voltage limit FExit the oop if it has reached the limit if volt lt voltLimit then break end Print the number of completed cycles the voltage and the time for the iteration Display the information on the front panel print Completed Cycles iteration Voltage volt Time time display settext display TEXT1 string format Voltage 4fv volt
77. output off PAM 6 8 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 6 Rechargeable battery measurements Set up the battery application using TSP commands NOTE The following TSP code is designed to be run from Keithley Instruments Test Script Builder TSB TSB is a software tool that is available from the Keithley Instruments website You can install and use TSB to write code and develop scripts for TSP enabled instruments Information about how to use TSB is in the online help for TSB and in the Introduction to TSP operation section of the Model 2460 Reference Manual To use other programming environments you may need to make changes to the example TSP code By default the Model 2460 is configured to use the SCPI command set You must select the TSP command set before sending TSP commands to the instrument To enable TSP commands 1 Press the MENU key 2 Under System select Settings 3 For Command Set select TSP 4 Atthe prompt to reboot select Yes The TSP code in this example sets the Model 2460 to the source voltage function and measure current function To discharge a fully charged 1 2 V battery the voltage source is set to 0 9 V and the source limit is set to 2 5 A The voltage current and relative timestamp values are returned Measurements are made until the voltage reaches the set level During the test these measurements are shown o
78. rts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product If you are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component call a Keithley Instruments office for information To clean an instrument use a damp cloth or mild water based cleaner Clean the exterior of the instrument only Do not apply cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument Products that consist of a circuit board with no case or chassis e g a data acquisition board for installation into a computer should never require cleaning if handled according to instructions If the board becomes contaminated and operation is affected the board should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning servicing Safety precaution revision as of January 2013 Table of Contents PREC tA OR scat saaana aa aaea dhe tanos aaao Nadai Ee aiaa 1 1 WECOME seiste aoaaa skea E waisted dots este Ga EE E aa OSEE 1 1 Introductonito ths mangal sssini aai a E ES 1 1 Extended WANAMY osc iecacccuisescsistsencdaasescads satan wthcecietapecueceesedsesstaasbsstidathptocoisp ieaie a esii 1 2 GOntaCt INTORIM AN Oiss sescens acvsewe cance saws canines 1 2 BRO MBO tS DOO EEE E OEE AA A A ES OET ONINI OT 1 2 Organization ormanyalsochONS issie ee e neeaae osre SSA SA Eini 1 3 ApplicaliO NS Sieis Aa E A 1 3 Using the front panel interface ses snsnsnnnnsnennnnanannnnurnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnannnnnnanan
79. ry connection point In some cases connections must be exposed to potential human contact Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from the risk of electric shock If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000 V no conductive part of the circuit may be exposed Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits They are intended to be used with impedance limited sources NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains When connecting sources to switching cards install protective devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card Before operating an instrument ensure that the line cord is connected to a properly grounded power receptacle Inspect the connecting cables test leads and jumpers for possible wear cracks or breaks before each use When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted such as rack mounting a separate main input power disconnect device must be provided in close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the operator For maximum safety do not touch the product test cables or any other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under test ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before connecting or disconnecting cables or jumpers installing or removing switching cards or making internal changes such as installing or removing jumpers Do not touch any object that c
80. s Store measurements on a USB flash drive If there is measurement data in the buffer you can copy it from the Model 2460 to a USB flash drive The information is saved in the csv file format To store measurement data Insert a flash drive into the front panel USB port Press the MENU key In the Measure column select Data Buffers Select the buffer that you want to save Select Save to USB Enter a name for the new file Select the OK button on the displayed keyboard Select Yes to confirm saving the file Select OK to close the dialog box DR NO OV BG Ne 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 2 7 Section 2 Using the front panel interface Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Saving screen captures to a USB flash drive You can save the content of the front panel display to a graphic file The instrument saves these graphic files also known as screen captures in sequentially numbered files to the USB flash drive To save the screen capture 1 Insert a USB flash drive in the USB port on front panel of the instrument 2 Navigate to the screen you want to capture 3 Press the HOME and ENTER keys The instrument displays Saving screen capture 4 Release the keys 2 8 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Section 3 Using a remote interface In this section Remote communications interfaces Supported remote interfaces GPIB communications LAN communications USB communic
81. s the rear panel connections You can make these connections with either the Model 2460 KIT Screw Terminal Connector Kit included with the Model 2460 or a Model 2460 BAN Banana Test Leads Adapter Cable with appropriate cabling Figure 44 Model 2460 4 wire connections to the rear panel Force HI 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 8 3 Section 8 Measuring l V characteristics of a solar panel Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Solar panel characterization This application demonstrates how to use the Model 2460 to characterize a solar panel The examples show how to use the front panel SCPI code over a remote interface and TSP code over a remote interface For this test you will Reset the instrument Select the source voltage function and measure current function Set the current limit Select four wire remote sense mode Set up and generate a voltage sweep Initiate the trigger model which will turn the output on Record the measurements After the voltage sweep is complete turn off the output Retrieve the measurements View the data on the front panel graph NOTE You must control the light source for this application you will run the test with the light source on and again with the light source off Set up the solar panel l V sweep from the front panel This is an example of an l V test that sweeps voltage from 0 V to 20 V in 115 steps and measures the resulting curr
82. st is in process To set up custom text on the USER swipe screen use TSP or SCPI commands from a remote interface See the Model 2460 Reference Manual for details Figure 6 Model 2460 USER swipe screen 900 00mV TREND swipe screen The TREND swipe screen shows a graphical representation of the readings in the presently selected buffer Figure 7 Model 2460 TREND swipe screen 238m0 m173m0 L I i l I l l 62 04s 63 045 64 045 65 04s 66 045 67 04s 68 045 69 04s 70 045 71 045 For a larger view of the graph and to access graph settings swipe up to the top of the TREND screen This opens up the Graph screen You can also open the Graph screen by pressing the MENU key and selecting Graph under Views To initiate a trigger model or a sweep from the Graph screens select the Trigger Mode indicator in the indicator bar Select Initiate Trigger Model from the menu You can also press the TRIGGER key to initiate a trigger model or sweep 2 6 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 2 Using the front panel interface Menu overview To access the main menu press the MENU key on the Model 2460 front panel The figure below shows the organization of the main menu Figure 8 Model 2460 main menu The main menu includes submenus which are labeled in green across the top of the display Touching the icons in each submenu opens their interactive screen
83. strument means caution risk of electric shock Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal ontact with these voltages e4 The A symbol on an instrument shows that the surface may be hot Avoid personal contact to prevent burns The 7 symbol indicates a connection terminal to the equipment frame f this symbol is on a product it indicates that mercury is present in the display lamp Please note that the lamp must be properly disposed of according to federal state and local laws The WARNING heading in the user documentation explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure The CAUTION heading in the user documentation explains hazards that could damage the instrument Such damage may invalidate the warranty Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans Before performing any maintenance disconnect the line cord and all test cables To maintain protection from electric shock and fire replacement components in mains circuits including the power transformer test leads and input jacks must be purchased from Keithley Instruments Standard fuses with applicable national safety approvals may be used if the rating and type are the same Other components that are not safety related may be purchased from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component note that selected pa
84. suredelay lt 50e 6 then measuredelay 50e 6 end Specify a source range large enough to fit both the bias and level 14 smu source range math max math abs biaslevel math abs pulselevel smu source delay 0 smu source vlimit level limit Set to pulselevel amplitude and save the settings to the configuration list y smu source level pulselevel 9 8 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 9 Generating a high current pulse train smu source configlist store OutputList S5et to biaslevel and save settings to the configuration list smu source level biaslevel smu source configlist store OutputList Set up the timers isste timer 1 to control the period of the pulse train The effective count will be points because trigger timer 1 start generate trigger ON trigger timer trigger timer sresekti start generate trigger ON trigger timer delay period trigger timer count points 1 Set timer 2 to control the width of the pulses trigger timer 2 reset trigger timer 2 start stimulus trigger EVENT_TIMER1 trigger timer 2 start generate trigger OFF 2 2 i slg i i trigger timer delay pulsewidth trigger timer count 1 trigger timer 2 enable trigger ON Set up the trigger model trigger model setblock 1 trigger BLOCK_BUFFER_CLEAR trigger model setblock 2 trigger BLOCK_SO
85. t website To see what drivers are available for your instrument 1 Go to the Keithley Instruments support website http www keithley com support 2 Enter the model number of your instrument 3 Select Software Driver from the list NOTE If you use the native LabVIEW or IVI driver you must configure the Model 2460 to use the SCPI command set Section 10 Troubleshooting FAQs Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual How do I upgrade the firmware A CAUTION Do not turn off power or remove the USB flash drive until the upgrade process is complete NOTE You can upgrade or downgrade the firmware from the front panel or from the virtual front panel Refer to Using the Model 2460 virtual front panel for information From the front panel or virtual front panel 1 Copy the firmware file upg file to a USB flash drive 2 Verify that the firmware file is in the root subdirectory of the flash drive and that it is the only firmware file in that location Disconnect any input and output terminals that are attached to the instrument Turn on instrument power Insert the flash drive into the USB port on the front panel of the instrument From the instrument front panel press the MENU key Under System select Manage To upgrade to a newer version of firmware select Upgrade to New 9 To return to a previous version of firmware select Downgrade to Older 10 If the instrume
86. t SmulI 1 1 0 000000E 000 2 000000E 000 1 280200E 004 To export the data as a csv or x1s file click Excel Format or CSV Format in the Export Data Graph area of the ribbon at the top of the screen 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Section 8 Measuring I V characteristics of a solar panel In this section Introduction Equipment required Set up remote communications Device connections Solar panel characterization Introduction This example application demonstrates how to use the Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter instrument to measure the I V characteristics of a solar panel From the l V characteristics measured by the Model 2460 you can determine important parameters about the solar panel including Maximum current Imax and voltage Vmax Maximum power P max Open circuit voltage Voc Short circuit current Isc Because the Model 2460 has four quadrant source capability it can sink up to 7 A of cell current as a function of the applied voltage Equipment required One Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter instrument For front panel connections use four insulated banana cables such as the Keithley Instruments Model 8608 High Performance Clip Lead Set one set included with the Model 2460 you will need another set For rear panel connections use one Model 2460 KIT Screw Terminal Connector Kit provided with the Model 2460 or you can use one set of
87. t of the pulse train pulselevel 6A Sets the amplitude current of each pulse from zero not from bias level biaswidth 3e 3 s Sets the time at the bias level pulsewidth le 3 s Sets the time at the amplitude level for each pulse period pulsewidth biaswidth Specifies the amount of time it takes for the pulse to repeat itself calculated value in this example resolves to 4 ms points 10 Sets the total number of pulses to generate limit 7V Sets the source limit level measuredelay pulsewidth 1 localnode linefreq Specifies the amount of time that smu measure nple 450e 6 the pulse remains at the pulse level before the measurement is taken The value 450e 6 is overhead associated with converting a raw measurement into a reading 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 9 5 Section 9 Generating a high current pulse train Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual The following figure illustrates these test parameters Figure 52 Timing diagram for the example gt Pulse level Measure aperture Measure delay vonon Pulse width Bias width Bi slevel d Da gt A A I I I I ime gt sle gt l I I J A I j j I j j I 1 t 0 I Pulse period I 1 1 Event Event Event Event timer 1 timer 2 timer 1 timer 2 Set up the source and measure functions To generate high speed high current pulses and measure the volta
88. tage measurement during the pulse level and provides accurate timing of the pulse width and period using two trigger event timers event timer 1 and event timer 2 Event timer 1 controls the pulse period and event timer 2 controls the pulse width For the most precise timing it is important that the Model 2460 is waiting at the Wait blocks when the timer events are generated To guarantee that the actual pulse width matches the programmed pulse width the Config Recall Constant Delay and Measure blocks must complete before the event timer 2 delay elapses The Constant Delay block uses the measuredelay value to set the time delay between when the pulse level is output and the measurement is taken The measuredelay value is a calculated delay that places the measurement as close to the end of the pulse as possible The Branch Counter block controls how many pulses are generated based on the value of the points parameter 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 9 7 Section 9 Generating a high current pulse train Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual TSP commands to output a high current pulse train NOTE The following TSP code is designed to be run from Keithley Instruments Test Script Builder TSB TSB is a software tool that is available from the Keithley Instruments website You can install and use TSB to write code and develop scripts for TSP enabled instruments Information about how to use TSB is in the on
89. te connections to the device e One GPIB USB or ethernet cable to connect the Model 2460 to a computer e One rechargeable 2500 mAh D 1 2 V battery to test 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 6 3 Section 6 Rechargeable battery measurements Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Device connections To set up the test connect the Model 2460 to the battery as shown in the following figure Make a 4 wire remote sense connection from the instrument terminals to the battery to eliminate the effects of the lead resistance This allows you to measure the battery voltage as closely as possible to the terminals of the instrument Figure 25 Schematic for the Model 2460 battery application Model 2460 Force HI Sense HI A WARNING To prevent electric shock test connections must be configured such that the user cannot come in contact with conductors or any device under test DUT that is in contact with the conductors It is good practice to disconnect DUTs from the instrument before powering the instrument Safe installation requires proper shields barriers and grounding to prevent contact with conductors There is no internal connection between protective earth safety ground and the LO terminals of the Model 2460 Therefore hazardous voltages more than 30 V can appear on LO terminals This can occur when the instrument is operating in any mode To prevent hazardous voltage from appearing on
90. te interface Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Install LXI Discovery Browser software on your computer You can use the LXI Discovery Browser to identify the IP addresses of LXI certified instruments Once identified you can double click the IP address in the LXI Discovery Browser to open the web interface for the instrument The Keithley LXI Discovery Browser is available on the Keithley Instruments website http www keithley com To locate the Keithley LXI Discovery Browser on the Keithley website 1 Select the Support tab 2 Inthe model number box type 2460 3 From the list select Software and click the search icon A list of software applications for the instrument is displayed 4 See the readme file included with the application for more information For more information about the LXI Consortium see the LXI Consortium website http www xistandard org Run the LXI Discovery Browser To run the LXI Discovery Browser software 1 From the Microsoft Windows Start menu select Keithley Instruments 2 Select LXI Discovery Browser 3 Click LXI Discovery Browser The Keithley LXI Discovery Browser window is displayed The LXI Discovery Browser displays the instruments that it finds on the network and their associated IP addresses 4 Double click an IP address in the LXI Discovery Browser dialog box The instrument web page for that instrument opens For information about
91. te interfaces Device connections For best measurement accuracy and to eliminate the effects of test lead resistance when sourcing high current connect the Model 2460 to the device under test DUT using the 4 wire sense method To use the 4 wire sense connection method e Connect the FORCE HI and SENSE HI leads to one end of the DUT e Connect the FORCE LO and SENSE LO leads to the other end of the DUT e Make the connections as close the DUT as possible to exclude the test lead resistance from the measurement The following figure shows the schematic for outputting high current pulses to a resistor 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 9 Generating a high current pulse train Figure 49 Model 2460 4 wire connections to a resistor Model 2460 SourceMeter Instrument Resistor The following figures show the physical connections for the front and rear panels The front panel connections are safety banana jacks the rear panel connection is a screw terminal The figure below shows the front panel connections You can use four insulated banana cables that are rated to a maximum current of at least 7 A such as two sets of the Keithley Instruments Model 8608 High Performance Clip Lead Set one set is included with the Model 2460 Figure 50 Model 2460 4 wire connections to the front panel Force HI Resistor Force LO The figure below shows t
92. ter Instrument User s Manual View the measurements on the front panel TREND swipe screen You can view the resistance measurements as a function of time on the front panel TREND swipe screen To access the TREND swipe screen swipe the bottom part of the Home screen to the right A graph similar to the one in the figure below is displayed Figure 22 Model 2460 TREND swipe screen To see the graph on the full screen swipe up on the TREND swipe screen to open the Graph screen View the buffer statistics on the front panel You can view the measurement statistics on the Model 2460 front panel STATISTICS swipe screen including e Buffer name e Minimum maximum and average reading values e Standard deviation Figure 23 Model 2460 STATISTICS swipe screen defbuffert No Script Set up the low resistance application using SCPI commands The following sequence of SCPI commands makes 100 low resistance measurements by sourcing current and measuring resistance In this example the source current magnitude and limit voltage are set automatically It uses remote commands to change the front panel display to display the TREND swipe screen This allows you to view numeric data at the top of the screen and graphic data at the bottom of the screen 5 6 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 5 Measuring low resistance devices You may need to make changes so th
93. u may need to use a longer pulse width to get a settled voltage measurement We recommend that you use an oscilloscope to verify the timing accuracy when you troubleshoot your code Equipment required e One Model 2460 High Current Interactive SourceMeter instrument e For front panel connections use four insulated banana cables such as the Keithley Instruments Model 8608 High Performance Clip Lead Set one set included with the Model 2460 you will need another set e For rear panel connections use one Model 2460 KIT Screw Terminal Connector Kit provided with the Model 2460 or you can use one set of Model 2460 BAN Banana Test Leads Adapter Cables with appropriate connections to the device e One GPIB USB or ethernet cable to connect the Model 2460 to a computer Section 9 Generating a high current pulse train Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Set up remote communications This application is configured to run remotely You can run this application from any of the supported communication interfaces for the instrument GPIB USB or ethernet The following figure shows the rear panel connection locations for the remote communication interfaces For additional information about how to set up remote communications see Remote communications interfaces on page 3 1 Figure 48 Model 2460 remote interface connections Model 2460 rear panel USB GPIB Connect the computer to one of the remo
94. ue Input Jacks Rear Sensing Mode 4 wire Output OFF State Normal High Capacitance Off Offset Compensation Off 11 To configure the graphing function select the Graph tab 12 Click the button next to X Axis and select Smu1 V sweep voltage 13 Click the button next to Y Axis and select Smu1 I measure current You are now ready to run the test Run the test and view the graph To run the test select Start Test in the lower right corner of the screen An l V sweep is generated automatically and the results appear in real time on the graph screen The data on the graph is scaled automatically as the test progresses The following figure shows the result of running this example application 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 7 Generating an l V sweep on an LED with KickStart Figure 39 Results of running an l V sweep on a high brightness LED Axis Color Optic Selec a a ee Was ent To save the graph as a png file click Graph Image in the Export Data Graph area of the ribbon at the top of the screen View and save the test data in tabular form You can also view the results of the test in tabular form by selecting the Sheet tab The figure below shows the test results on the Sheet tab Figure 40 Test data on the KickStart Sheet tab Source Measure Sheet Graph Notes Help Item SmuLTime 1 f1 Smut Vi
95. up a trigger model for the sweep he MENU key Under Measure select Data Buffers Selec defbuffer1 to open the Settings for defbuffer1 dialog box Selec Press Clear Buffer select Yes and select OK he MENU key Under Views select Graph Press he TRIGGER key to initiate the trigger model The output turns on and a RUN indicator is visible at the top of the screen while the sweep is running Press he trigger key again to repeat the sweep The following figure shows an example of solar panel l V measurements on the front panel graph Note that the current is negative on the graph because the Model 2460 is sinking current Figure 45 Example of solar panel measurements on the Model 2460 front panel graph Graph Data Scale 1 144A 0 572A 0 000A 0 572A 1 1448 1 716A 2 288A 2 861A 3 433A PARESE l l l i 1 l l l l 00 00V 02 39V 04 79V 07 19V 09 59V 11 99V 14 39V 16 79V 19 19V 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 8 5 Section 8 Measuring l V characteristics of a solar panel Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Set up the solar panel l V sweep using SCPI commands This example sequence of SCPI commands generates an l V sweep on a solar panel You may need to make changes so that this code will run in your programming environment In this example the voltage is swept from 0 V to 20 V in 115 steps The resulting solar panel current is measured
96. urce until it reaches the programmed voltage level As the battery becomes fully charged the current decreases until it reaches zero or near zero To prevent safety hazards or damage to the battery be careful not to overcharge the battery Discharging When discharging a battery the Model 2460 operates as a sink because it is dissipating power rather than sourcing it The voltage source of the Model 2460 is set to a lower level than the battery voltage The current limit sets the discharge rate When the output is enabled the current from the battery flows into the HI terminal of the Model 2460 As a result the current readings are negative The discharge current should stay constant until the battery voltage decreases to the voltage source setting of the Model 2460 6 2 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 6 Rechargeable battery measurements A CAUTION If you are using the current source to charge or discharge batteries the following precautions must be observed Failure to observe these precautions could result in instrument damage that is not covered by the warranty Make sure the external voltage never exceeds the voltage limit setting of the current source This will cause excessive current to be drawn from the external battery or source Be sure to set the output off state of the current source for high impedance This setting opens the output relay when t
97. using the web page see the Using the web interface topic in the Model 2460 Reference Manual USB communications To use the rear panel USB port you must have the Virtual Instrument Software Architecture VISA layer on the host computer See How to install the Keithley I O Layer in the Model 2460 Reference Manual for more information VISA contains a USB class driver for the USB Test and Measurement Class USBTMC protocol that once installed allows the Microsoft Windows operating system to recognize the instrument When you connect a USB device that implements the USBTMC or USBTMC USB488 protocol to the computer the VISA driver automatically detects the device Note that the VISA driver only automatically recognizes USBTMC and USBTMC USB488 devices It does not recognize other USB devices such as printers scanners and storage devices In this section USB instruments refers to devices that implement the USBTMC or USBTMC USB488 protocol 3 6 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Section 3 Using a remote interface Connect a computer to the Model 2460 using USB To connect the Model 2460 to a computer using a USB connection use Keithley Instruments Model USB B 1 which is shipped with the instrument Each Model 2460 needs its own USB cable to be connected to the computer To connect an instrument to a computer using USB 1 Connect the Type A end of t
98. will need another set For rear panel connections use one Model 2460 KIT Screw Terminal Connector Kit provided with the Model 2460 or you can use one set of Model 2460 BAN Banana Test Leads Adapter Cables with appropriate connections to the device One GPIB USB or ethernet cable to connect the Model 2460 to a computer One high brightness LED Section 7 Generating an l V sweep on an LED with KickStart Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Set up remote communications This application is configured to run remotely You can run this application from any of the supported communication interfaces for the instrument GPIB USB or ethernet The following figure shows the rear panel connection locations for the remote communication interfaces For additional information about how to set up remote communications see Remote communications interfaces on page 3 1 Figure 31 Model 2460 remote interface connections Model 2460 rear panel USB GPIB Connect the computer to one of the remote interfaces Device connections For best measurement accuracy and to eliminate the effects of test lead resistance when sourcing high current connect the Model 2460 to the device under test DUT using the 4 wire sense method To use the 4 wire sense connection method e Connect the FORCE HI and SENSE HI leads to the anode terminal of the LED e Connect the FORCE LO and SENSE LO leads to the cathode terminal of
99. wing topics describe each of these screens The swipe screen indicator shows you which screen is selected Located between the top and bottom halves of the screen each circle represents one swipe screen As you swipe right or left a different circle changes color indicating where you are in the screen sequence The default position of the indicator when the instrument is turned on is the center circle Home screen Figure 3 Swipe screen position indicator Active swipe screen SETTINGS swipe screen The SETTINGS screen gives you front panel access to some instrument settings It shows you the present settings and allows you to change enable or disable them quickly Figure 4 Model 2460 SETTINGS swipe screen 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 2 5 Section 2 Using the front panel interface Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual To disable or enable a setting select the box next to the setting so that it shows an X disabled or a check mark enabled STATISTICS swipe screen The STATISTICS swipe screen contains information about the state of the active buffer and the readings in it You can use the Clear Stats button on this screen to clear the data that is used in the statistics calculations Figure 5 Model 2460 STATISTICS swipe screen USER swipe screen You can program custom text that appears on the USER swipe screen For example you can program the Model 2460 to show that a te
100. www keithley com Model 2460 High Current Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 E dadin EEV UEL 58 5a 2S h BIR ZB Lock Instrument Co Ltd GLAS griet HEPER 764 YE 6 HE TEL 02 32346000 GMAT YTE 2 BE 295 HE 15 HE 7 TEL 03 5721717 Hik http www lockinc com tw A 2460 900 01A A Greater Measure of Confidence KEITH LEY A Tektronix Company Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual 2014 Keithley Instruments Cleveland Ohio U S A All rights reserved Any unauthorized reproduction photocopy or use of the information herein in whole or in part without the prior written approval of Keithley Instruments is strictly prohibited TSP TSP Link and TSP Net are trademarks of Keithley Instruments All Keithley Instruments product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments Other brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders The Lua 5 0 software and associated documentation files are copyright 1994 2013 Tecgraf PUC Rio Terms of license for the Lua software and associated documentation can be accessed at the Lua licensing site http www lua org license html Document number 2460 900 01 Rev A September 2014 KEITHLEY reer Safety precautions The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instru
101. you should perform operations for best results In this application you make measurements on a 10 kQ resistor by sourcing voltage and measuring current You can make similar measurements on any two terminal device under test DUT if appropriate source values are used Some of the methods you can use to set up the Model 2460 to make measurements from the front panel include e Use Quicksets Press the QUICKSET key to open a menu of preconfigured setups including voltmeter ammeter ohmmeter and power supply setups It also allows you to choose test functions and adjust performance for better resolution or speed e Select source and measure functions Press the FUNCTION key to select from a list of source and measure functions e Use menu options Press the MENU key to open a menu of options After selecting your source and measure functions select buttons on the Model 2460 Home screen and Settings swipe screens to change the settings You will use a combination of these methods to set up the measurement for this application Section 4 Making basic front panel measurements Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter Instrument User s Manual Equipment required for this application Equipment required for this application Model 2460 Interactive SourceMeter instrument Two insulated banana cables you can use the set that is provided with the Model 2460 the Keithley Instruments Model 8608 High Performance Clip Lead Set One 10

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