Home

User's Manual Rel 4.1.book

Contents

1. Seater peta Gratersemuth degrees FIGURE 9 57 Adding a grating order using the Add Data dialog box The efficiency is the fraction of the incident flux that is diffracted into that order TracePro computes the sum of all the reflection efficiencies and puts that value in the Total row on the on the bottom of the input for the current data subset and likewise for the transmission efficiencies For a Grating surface property then you cannot enter the specular reflectance and transmittance in the usual way You may however enter the absorptance BRDF and BTDF in the usual way and you may solve for the absorptance BRDF or BTDF You may also enter as many angles of incidence as you wish the same as for a Table type of surface property 5 Finally you must enter the grating spacing This is the distance between the parallel planes used to form the grating The illustration below shows a completed grating surface property with one angle of incidence and three grating orders In this example we defined the BRDF with A 0 002 B 0 001 and g 2 then solved for Absorptance TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 55 Examples ES A Catalog Defaut Name New Grating Description Type Grating Scatter aba T Retroreflectar l l Polarization Spacing 3 0000 microns Order 4bsorptance Specular Refl Specular Trans Integrated BROF BROF 4 BRDOFB BRDFg 1 1 ppg E SSS aS 0 3 o es
2. Volume Flux Calculations Example e GEED To illustrate the volume flux calculation capabilities in TracePro a simple example will be described which entails tracing numerous rays into a block which has bulk absorption and bulk scattering properties An illustration of a raytrace with 1000 rays traced into this block is shown in Figure 9 27 fi TracePro Model BlockWithBulkScatterAndBulkAbsorption OML J Oj x File Edit wiew Insert Define Analysis Reports Tools Macros Window Help a x OSG a Ball e elel bh et as O S S lt lt EB ajeje R QlQ QlQlQ ofe llel Dalelle Blaj ej v 2 z w e Surface 0 P lt gt NB artes rea ae Volume Flux Options 51x Surface 1 Ri Surface Property lt None gt Cormer Position gt r Comer Position 2 7 r Number of Cells Plane Surface 2 i al 5 k gi Surface Property lt None gt Y 1 Y fi Y fi Plane ae 55 2 114 5 z 30 Surface 3 Surface Property lt None gt Plane Show Cells Surface 4 Surface Property lt None gt Results File bs niles C WolumeFluxResults tet ey SS Surface Surface Property lt None gt r pi Apply Apply and Calculate ntity Block Material from USER Material name Index 1 5 Abso 0 2 Bulk Scatt
3. 11 Enter a Relative move of 1 in the Y direction 12 Click on Move 13 Close the Move dialog 14 Select File Source 3 and Grid Source 3 right click on one of them and select Move Source 15 Enter a Relative move of 1 in the Y direction 16 Click on Move 17 Close the Move dialog 18 Ray trace all the sources and verify that you get a ray trace plot like that shown in Figure 9 48 If not ensure that you moved and rotated the sources correctly and 19 Optional you can also move and rotate the Surface Sources within the Model Tree environment if you so desire Grid Source 1 Grid Source Grid Source 3 Surface Source Surface Source 1 Surface 0 Surface Source 2 Surface 0 Surface Source 3 Surface 0 File Source File Source 1 File Source 2 File Source 3 Source Radiance a FIGURE 9 47 Ray trace results for the default Source Tutorial oml file 9 44 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual Insert Lens Example Grid Source Grid Source 1 Grid Source 2 Grid Source 3 Surface Source e Surface Source 1 Surface 0 Surface Source 2 Surface 0 Surface Source 3 Surface 0 File Source File Source 1 File Source 3 Source Radiance FIGURE 9 48 Ray trace results after rotating and moving File Sources 1 and 3 and Grid Sources 1 and 3 Insert Lens Example Utility of Updated Aperture Tab The Double Gauss lens that i
4. 16 Using the Apply Properties dialog box apply the material property pmma from the Plastic catalog to the block 17 Now select the y surface of the block and apply the RepTile property using the Apply Properties dialog box 18 Fill in the values shown in Figure 9 19 This puts the 0 0 tile at the z edge of the rectangular boundary TracePro 4 1 User s Manual RepTile Examples del Untitled Block 1 Ef Apply Properties z Surface 0 Importance Sampling Exit Surface Diffraction Ravtrace f Surface 1 Mueller Matrix Gradient Index Bulk Scattering Tempera Surface 2 Material Surface Surface Source Prescription Co Surface 3 Class and User Data Feptile Temperature Distribution Fluoresc Surface 4 Property Data Catalog Default 7 Plane Mame Conical Hole Example Surface 5 Cone Entity 2 Block Surface Catalog Defaut Surtace Name lt Nones a Surface Property Mor a Reptile From Default RepTile Surface Conica Material from PLASTIC Material name prima Boundary and Orientation Rectangular width 100 Height 25 25 Boundary Center Origin for tile 0 0 Export View Data lel Radiance FIGURE 9 19 Insert a block and apply the Conical Hole Example RepTile property to it TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 17 Examples The Conical Hole example is now complete Note that there will be no visual indication in the model wi
5. Close the Apply Properties dialog box and open the Analysis Raytrace Options dialog box a On the Thresholds tab set the Flux Threshold to 1e 50 You must use a lower threshold because importance sampling forces a Monte Carlo ray trace which is normally random to place a ray in a particular direction As a result the flux of the rays that strike the importance target need to be adjusted for the probability of such a ray occurring 5 Re run the raytrace and observe importance sampled rays striking the observation square The irradiance map below represents one possible result TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 27 Examples of this raytrace E Irradiance Tluminance Map Untitled1 Total Imadiance fap for Incident Flux Object 7T Surface 1 Wim Of O04 03 Oz 2 1 O 1 O2 0 3 O 4 0 5 10000 S162 28 1000 S16 228 100 31 5225 10 3 16228 Y millimeters 1 0 316225 O 1 0 03 16225 0 01 0 003 16228 0 001 O48 O4 03 OFF 01 O 0 1 O02 OS O4 0 4 x millimeters Imadiance Min 0 Win hts 18392 Wim Aare 1 2264 iim Rs 144 09 Total Flux 1 4846 006 W 34 Incident Rays FIGURE 9 26 Irradiance Map for Edge Diffraction with Importance Sampling 6 Rotate the source object about the x axis by one more degree with the origin at 0 0 0 as the rotation point 7 Re run the raytrace and observe lower flux at the observation surface 9 28 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual Volume Flux Calculations Example
6. E y Reflector FIGURE 9 70 Sorted ray display with settings as shown in Figure 9 69 Candela Plot The only options available for Candela plots are for rays incident on or exiting a surface which you control via the Analysis Candela Options dialog box This is because in a reverse ray trace rays always start from a surface not from an infinite distance as they would have to for a missed rays Candela plot To view a polar iso candela plot for rays incident on the Observation disk Front surface simply select the surface then select Analysis Candela Plots Polar Iso Candela The plot should appear as in Figure 9 771 9 66 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual Example Using Reverse Ray Tracing B Polar Iso Candela Plot eliprefl Of x Polar lso Candela Plot Using incident rays on Observation Disk Front ed 15 0 345 45 T9 gj 105 255 15 12 5 10 7 5 2 5 164 420 194 Minss 25888 0178 od Waxcds 635 ed Total Flux 4034 Im Collected Flux 4034 Im G31 Rays Data covers 90 000 degrees fram Normal FIGURE 9 71 Polar iso candela plot for the Observation disk Front surface If the plot is blank or does not appear as in Figure 9 71 open the Analysis Candela Options dialog box and check that the settings are as shown in Figure 9 72 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 67 Examples 9 68 Candela Options l Ioj xi Orientation and Rays Polar lso Candela Rectangular lso C
7. age va oe E Insert Lens Element Lens Aperture Obstruction Position Aspheric First Surface Center Element Tilt x Y 4915 Insert Lens Modify Lens FIGURE 9 54 TracePro 4 0 Results of clicking on Modify Lens in the Insert Lens Element dialog with selection of Lens 6 from the imported OSLO dblgausstilt lens Anisotropic Surface Property The anisotropic surface property is used like any other surface property except that actual values of the property needed for ray tracing or surface sources are calculated by bilinear interpolation from the data points you enter You can apply an anisotropic surface property to any surface in the model and it will be used in the usual way Creating an anisotropic surface property in TracePro Creating an anisotropic surface property is much like creating a Table surface property Select Define Edit PropertyData Surface Properties to open the Surface Property Editor Select the catalog in which you wish to create the new property from the Catalog drop down list Click the Add Property button and select the Scatter Model you wish and enter Temperature and Wavelength The Surface Property Editor will create a new property of type Table Finally select Anisotropic from the Type drop down list The figure below shows the editor after changing to type Anisotropic This example property was created with ABg scatter model selected in the Add Property dialog box TracePro 4 1 U
8. Grating no polarization no retroretlector Grating Unentation Up Direction s oo ie jo i a The Up Direction onents the grating View Data FIGURE 9 60 Grating Surface Property applied to a plane surface The Up Direction is along the x axis Ray tracing a Grating Surface Property When a ray intersects a surface with a Grating Surface Property applied TracePro will interpolate the efficiency data for the given angle of incidence If the direction of incidence is such that one or more orders cannot exist the flux from those orders will be given to the remaining orders in proportion to their efficiencies In our example the grating has reflected orders only and a BRDF is defined In Figure 9 61 the diffracted orders are shown in different views The scattered rays have flux below the default flux threshold of 0 05 so they are not traced TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 57 Examples fi Model Untitled1 J 1 f Model Untitled1 4 f Model Untitled1 2 FIGURE 9 61 Diffracted orders for the example Grating Surface Property Scattered rays have flux below the threshold so they are not traced If we lower the flux threshold to 0 001 in this example we see that the scattered rays are traced and there is one scattered ray for each diffracted order as shown in Figure 9 62 9 58 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual Example Using Reverse Ray Tracing Fi Model Untitled1 1 Fi
9. Model Untitled1 4 Fi Model Untitled1 2 fi Model Untitled1 3 FIGURE 9 62 The example in Diffracted orders for the example Grating Surface Property Scattered rays have flux below the threshold so they are not traced 6 has been re run with flux threshold lowered to 0 001 so that scattered rays are traced Example Using Reverse Ray Tracing In this example we will start with the eliprefl oml model and use reverse ray tracing First open the eliprefl oml example model In forward ray tracing you would begin a surface source ray trace Rays would be emitted from the Arc Cyl surface and rays would be collected at the Observation disk Front surface see Figure 9 63 Once the ray trace is completed you would select the Observation disk Front surface and display an Irradiance IIIuminance map using Analysis Irradiance I luminance Maps You could also display a Candela plot using Analysis Candela plots sort the rays using Analysis Ray Sorting display an incident ray table using Analysis Incident Ray Table or display ray histories using Analysis Ray Histories TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 59 Examples f1 Model eliprefl Quartz bulb y Electrodes ae OFC ey Observation Disk lt y Reflector 1 Model Lum FIGURE 9 63 Eliprefl oml example model from the TracePro examples directory In a forward ray trace rays are emitted from the Arc Cyl surface source and flux collected at the Observa
10. Surface 1 i j Surface 2 Entity 1 CyliCone Create the cylinder by selecting Insert Primitive Solid and selecting the Cylinder Cone tab Enter the following values for the Cylinder and then press Insert Major Radius 10 Length 50 Base Position 0 0 O Select View Profiles Iso 1 to get the view shown in Figure 9 31 Material From lt None gt ee Material name lt Mome FIGURE 9 31 Cylinder To lengthen the cylinder first select Edit Select Surface to turn on surface selection mode and select the z end plane of the cylinder Then select Edit Surface Sweep to open the Sweep Surface Selection dialog box and enter the values as shown in Figure 9 32 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 33 Examples W Sweep Surface Selection 0 Distance Draft angle In Degrees Sweep along surface normal User sweep direction direction Surface normal BER and draft angle eo for planar 2 direction suitaces only FIGURE 9 32 Sweep Surface Dialog Box Press Apply to sweep the surface The planar end surface of the cylinder will be swept along the normal to the plane i e along the z axis by 50 as shown in Figure 9 33 f1 Model Untitled4 Fle Cylinder 1 E Surface 0 l Sur Entit CyliCone Material From lt None gt Material name lt None gt FIGURE 9 33 Extended Planar Surface After a Surface Sweep Now change the Distance to 10 and Draft angle to 30 as shown in F
11. Surface property that describes the Fresnel lens Open the Reptile Property Editor by selecting Define EditPropertyData RepTile Properties The editor appears as in Figure 9 3 le Reptile Property Editor Of alii e O O HA Catalog Default Name lt Nones Description Hole Reptile Type Geometry Type NAA Tile Type N24 Variation Type Neh Pelete batalag Tile Parameters width f Height 0 Add Property Delete ere Copy Property Data Points Seth Delete Table FIGURE 9 3 The RepTile Property editor with no property selected 9 2 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual RepTile Examples To add the new property Press Add Property and enter a name for example Fresnel Lens Example select Fresnel from the Geometry Type drop down list in the pop up dialog select Rings from the Tile Type drop down list in the dialog select Variable Rings from the Variation Type drop down list in the dialog press OK to create the property ar Se YS The RepTile Property Editor will display the property and provide additional inputs as shown in Figure 9 4 I RepTile Property Editor 5 2 Gel bed iE B A Catalog Catalog Defaut Mame Fresnel Lens Example Add Catalog Descriptions Bump Delete Catalog Repl ile Type Tile Parameters eee etn meee ae oe Geometry Type Fresse Ring width DO Delete Property Tile Type Rings Copy Property Data Poin
12. ee ee 0 05 0 rr ee eee ee 0 5565910134797 OF Oo 0 04234089665203 0 002 0 001 2 L bl L FIGURE 9 58 A completed Grating Surface Property with one angle of incidence three grating orders and BRDF This surface property is a reflection grating and we have added a BRDF as well When you specify a BRDF the Integrated BRDF or Total Scatter TS will be split up between the diffracted orders in proportion to the efficiency To apply a grating surface property to a surface select the surface and select Define Apply Properties Surface tab in the usual way When you select the grating property from the Surface Property drop down list the Up Direction also appears IK FIGURE 9 59 Rectangular substrate with grating formation planes In this example the grating Up Direction could be along the x or x axis 9 56 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual Using TracePro Diffraction Gratings The Up Direction is a unit vector that is perpendicular to the grating planes and points in the direction of positive diffracted orders A example is shown in Figure 9 60 lel Apply Properties Sle Importance S anpling l Est Surface Diffraction Aavtrace Flag Mueller Matrix Gradient Indes Bulk Scattering Temperature Class and User Data RepTile Temperature Distribution Material surface Surface Source Prescription Color Property Catalog Defaut Property Hame New Grating ABg Scatter Grating Data Type
13. lt None gt Plane Apply Apply and Calculate Entity 1 Block Material from USER Material name Index 1 5 Abso 0 2 Bulk Scatter name Deep Dermis X 0 0000 17 3541 Z 12 0805 millimeters X 0 0000 18 6086 Z 37 6124 millimeters For Help press F1 FIGURE 9 28 Example of a raytrace into a block object that has bulk absorption and scattering properties The cells used in the calculation of volume flux are now shown in the model window The modeled object is a block that extends in Z from 5mm to 15mm The purpose of this calculation is to obtain an absorption profile into the block along the z axis from a penetration depth of 0 5mm and beyond To perform this we input the corner positions and number of cells as shown above We have selected 90 cells in the Z direction which spans 9 0mm hence our spatial resolution in Z is 0 1mm In order to get good sampling we need to trace many rays But the more rays we trace the more memory we will need However with the implementation of the volume flux calculations and the TracePro macro language concatenating analyses we can trace many rays with a small amount of memory To support volume flux calculations the following nine macro commands have been added to TracePro To set the user input values analysis set volume flux corner 1 position X Y Z analysis set volume flux corner 2 position X Y Z analysis set volume flux cells NUM_X NUM_Y NUM _Z anal
14. reverse rays Select Analysis Reverse Raytrace to open the Reverse Raytrace dialog box and click Trace Rays or simply click the Reverse Trace button on the Analysis toolbar Once the ray trace is completed you can select any of the exit surfaces to see an Irradiance Illuminance Map Candela Plot or any other analysis results as discussed above 9 72 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual Example Using Luminance Radiance Maps The ray sorting is especially useful for a model like this as it allows you to see what paths are taken for each part of the illuminated spot For example select the Exit Surface 4 Front surface then select Analysis Ray Sorting For the Sort Type select Selected Surface as shown in Figure 9 69 on page 9 65 then click Update The ray display should appear as in Figure 9 79 You can select each of the exit surfaces in turn and update the ray sorting to see the paths of rays that hit that surface 1 Model eliprefl_multiexit 1 we Quartz bulb we Electrodes AIC oe Reflector we Exit Surface 6 we Exit Surface 1 we Exit Surface 2 we Exit Surface 3 we Exit Surface 4 E Edge E Rear Entity 10 Cylicone Material from lt None gt i Material name lt None gt i 4 Exit Surface 5 i q Exit Surface 6 i y Exit Surface 7 Model Source Luminance FIGURE 9 79 Paths of rays that hit Exit Surface 4 Front E E E E E El El Example Using Luminance Radiance Maps m CET Expanding upon the exam
15. 0 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 X millimeters Luminance Min 0 cd m2 nit Max 9227 8 cd m2 nit Ave 1659 8 cd m2 nit 20 25 30 30 FIGURE 9 81 Display map results with auto importance sampling Note if this manual is printed it is expected the above figures will be in TracePro 4 1 User s Manual greyscale 9 75
16. 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 oO oO A A A A A A A A 0 02 0 02 0 02 0 02 0 02 0 02 0 02 0 02 0 02 0 02 0 02 0 a a a a0 0 a a a a0 a FIGURE 9 17 The completed Conical Hole Example property after importing into the Property Editor This completes the definition of the Conical Hole Example in the Property Editor Close the Property Editor and choose to save your data when the appropriate pop up window appears TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 15 Examples 9 16 Now we are ready to make an object and apply the property we have just created First we need to figure out the dimensions the object should have An appropriate thickness is 2 mm We also know that total height of the rows is 25 25 mm We are free to choose the width let s choose the width as 100 mm We also must have a margin around the RepTile surface cell boundary to allow rays to escape properly Therefore we will make an object that is 30 mm x 105 mm and 2 mm thick oriented so that the 30 mm dimension is along the Z axis 15 In TracePro using the Insert Primitive Solid dialog box insert a block with dimensions as shown in Figure 9 18 E Insert Primitive Solids Block Cylinder Cone Torus Sphere Thin Sheet Hame Block width 2 ih oe Ce Center Position FIGURE 9 18 Insert a block into a TracePro model as a substrate for the Conical Hole surface
17. 34 41 6841 10 8111 242 657 111 043 287 779 162 332 123 163 92 9251 383 954 78 3163 431 606 359 271 66 5971 x Vec 0 184253 0 237118 0 301301 0 383656 0 296066 0 396258 0 97672 0 994489 0 572516 0 126782 0 776795 0 971779 0 0765751 0 978139 0 927720 0 795138 0 23824 0 0149597 0 506942 0 52113 0 681239 Vec 0 258952 0 916288 0 397174 0 903134 0 129031 0 205992 0 0389181 0 102904 00 0717379 0 167319 0 128814 0 061438 0 459921 0 159128 0 365792 0 540053 0 527187 0 797378 0 561807 0 0869464 0 39198 Z Vec 0 948153 0 322787 0 866874 0 192762 0 946412 0 894733 0 210956 00 0200784 0 816749 0 977717 0 616439 0 227752 0 884652 0 133873 0 0742822 0 275057 0 815669 0 603294 0 653744 0 849037 0 618276 FIGURE 9 73 Example Incident Ray Table for the Reflector Inside surface Ray History Table The Ray History Table does not consider the sense of the rays that is it reports rays incident on the surface in the reverse direction For example select the Reflector Inside surface and then select Analysis Ray Histories The table will be displayed as shown in Figure 9 74 with the history starting from the exit surface and proceeding to the reflector E Ray History Table eliprefl OML Y Pos Pos Flux OPL X VEC Y VEC Z VEC Surface 131 157 1000 4 45596e 006 0 184253 0 256952 0 946153 124 585 635994 4 45596e 006 987 604 O 0 Ra
18. CHAPTER 9 Examples RepTile Examples z In general the steps involved in using RepTile surfaces consist of first creating a RepTile surface property within TracePro and then applying that property to a plane surface in your TracePro model All the examples in this section are similar in construction You should choose an example that is most like the model you wish to create and follow through the steps for creating the example Fresnel lens In this example we will create a Fresnel lens Some of the important features of a Fresnel lens are shown in Figure 9 1 Draft Angle Facet nl A Angle Outer edge of Hegative Oter edge of Positive Fresnel Lens substrate Fresnel Lens substrate FIGURE 9 1 Important construction features of positive and negative Fresnel lenses In order to begin analyzing a Fresnel lens you will need to acquire data about the desired facet angles If you are analyzing a lens that has already been fabricated this data will be available from the manufacturer If you are analyzing a Fresnel lens that is in its design stage you will have to get the facet angle data from calculations possibly from a specialized optical design program outside of TracePro For purposes of this exercise we have supplied an example file containing facet angle data The data for the angular facets of the Fresnel lens example is contained in the TracePro Examples Demos Fresnel Lens Arcsecs txt file This text file contains o
19. In use the Insert Primitive Solid dialog box and the Cylinder Cone tab to enter the input parameters from Table 9 5 TABLE 9 5 Data parameters for Diffraction disk Major R Length Base Position Base Rotation c Select the end surface of the cylinder that is located at z 0 In the Apply Properties dialog select the Diffraction tab check the check box and press Apply At this point the model should look like the figure shown in Figure 9 24 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 23 Examples fi Model Untitled1 FIGURE 9 24 The Model Window Display at the Current Step of the Example 3 Now we need an observation surface Use the Insert Primitive Solid dialog and the Block tab to create a block with the input parameters from Table 9 6 TABLE 9 6 Data parameters for Detector Block Width X 1 1 Y 1 1 Z 1 Center X 0 Y 0 Z 1000 5 This puts the front face of the block at z 1000 the center of the spherical source Make the side that faces the reflector an Exit Surface by using the Apply Properties dialog box 4 Set up the Raytrace Options Open the Raytrace Options dialog box from the Analysis menu and on the Options tab check Aperture Diffraction 5 In the Wavelengths tab delete 0 5461 and add 10 6 Now you are ready to trace rays and observe randomly diffracted rays Begin a surface source raytrace by selecting Analysis Source Raytrace and clicking Trace Rays 9 24 TracePro 4 1 User s Ma
20. Raps Apply FIGURE 9 66 Reverse Raytrace Dialog Once you start the ray trace the Audit progress dialog box will appear followed by the Raytrace Progress dialog box the same as for a forward ray trace After the ray trace finishes you are ready to view analysis results Figure 9 67 shows the model window after the ray trace has finished with rays displayed lt y Quartz bulb Electrodes APC ey Observation Disk y Reflector Be d f H F f H i R F f i i i I FIGURE 9 67 Completed Reverse Ray trace with rays displayed TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 63 Examples Viewing Analysis Results Analysis results can be viewed in much the same way as for a forward ray trace but sometimes the meaning is different The differences and similarities are described in the sections below Irradiance IIluminance Map To display an irradiance illuminance map at an exit surface first select the exit surface and then select Analysis Irradiance Illuminance Maps the same as you would for a forward ray trace The incident irradiance on the exit surface will be displayed the same as if the rays were traced forward The Irradiance Illuminance map for our example is shown in Figure 9 68 E irradiance Illuminance Map eliprefl Total Wluminance Map for Rewerse Flux Obsenration Disk Front lux 300 250 700 4150 100 40 O 50 100 150 200 250 300 300 300 250 250 FOO FOO 150 150 100 100 50 S w
21. alculations The WinScheme editor can be obtained from http www schemers com From the scheme macro entitled run volume flux we can see the terminating condition for the do loop has been set to some arbitrarily large number 1 000 000 in this case We let the simulation run until the counter reached 18 000 Since each raytrace consisted of 1000 rays the total ray count for this simulation was 18 000 000 More importantly however the memory requirements were that for only a single trace 1000 rays in this case TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 31 Examples 9 32 Portion of Absorbed Flux per Volume Cell 0 03 0 025 0 02 0 015 0 01 0 005 1 The output file was opened in Microsoft Excel and the results were graphed in Figure 9 30 Notice the extremely smooth distribution of absorbed flux and cumulative absorbed flux This can be attributed to the large number of rays being traced hence the sampling error has been substantially reduced m Absorbed Flux Integrated Absorbed Flux Cumulative Portion of Absorbed Flux 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 Volume Cell Number FIGURE 9 30 Volume Flux Calculations from TracePro TracePro 4 1 User s Manual Sweep Surface Example Sweep Surface Example In this example you will create a solid cylinder lengthen it and then put a conical end on it 1 a a f1 Model Untitled4 El Cylinder 1 E Surface 0 E
22. andela Candela Distributions Normal Vector Up Vector Onentation Morral Ray Selection The Normal vector defines the global direction of the ero avis for vertical angles Use missed rays for Candela Data Use exiting rays from selected surface Analysis Only f Use incident rays from selected surface or Exit Surface The Up vector defines the global direction of the ero axis for horizontal angles Data Processing Symmetry None bi Set Defaults FIGURE 9 72 Candela plot options to produce the plot in Figure 9 71 Note that the option Use missed rays for Candela Data is not available for a reverse ray trace If you select Use exiting rays from selected surface Analysis Only in the Candela Options dialog box and click Apply the resulting plot will be blank This is because the rays were started in reverse from the selected surface so there are no rays exiting the surface in the forward direction The other candela plots are also available for a reverse ray trace Refer to the TracePro User s Manual for their use TracePro 4 1 User s Manual Example Using Reverse Ray Tracing Incident Ray Table The Incident Ray Table does not consider the sense of the rays that is it reports rays incident on the surface in the reverse direction For example select the Reflector Inside surface and then select Analysis Incident Ray Table The table will be displayed as sho
23. ault ha Property Catalog Example Elliptical 4Bq ABg Eliptical Scatter Reference Data Snisotrapic Axis Onentation vector for Elliptical Scatter and Anisotropic Properties 42 0 Direction Apply View Data The azimuth 0 axis need not lie in the surface tangent plane as TracePro will project it onto the surface For a curved surface it will not be possible for it to lie in the tangent plane of the surface in general anyway If you are applying the property to a plane surface the azimuth 0 direction must not be perpendicular to the surface Finally click the Apply button to apply the property to the selection TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 53 Examples Using TracePro Diffraction Gratings Modeling of diffraction gratings has been added as a new feature to TracePro You can model linear gratings using this feature This means that the grating grooves are along the intersections of equally spaced parallel planes with a substrate surface The substrate surface may be a plane in which case the grating grooves are equally spaced and straight If the substrate is curved the grating grooves are defined by the intersection of equally spaced parallel planes with the substrate Gratings of this type are made by a ruling engine where with each pass the tool is advanced by the same distance and the tool is able to follow the contours of the surface Using Diffraction Gratings in TracePro To use a diffraction
24. b right click on Grid Source gt Grid Source 1 and select Define Source Change Outer Radius to 1 and Rings to 2 Click on Modify Click the New button Assign Name of Grid Source 2 and click OK Change Outer Radius to 1 and Rings to 2 Click on Modify Click the New button i Assign Name of Grid Source 3 and click OK j Change Outer Radius to 1 and Rings to 2 and mw oo Qa 0O FD 0o a 0 o zJ Qo 7 o0 ao0vy o 9 42 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual Example of Orienting and Selecting Sources k Click on Modify 4 Create the File Sources a Within the Source Tree tab right click on File Source and select Define Source b Click on the New button c Assign the Name File Source 1 and click on the button d Locate the file default location per a standard installation of Tra cePro by selecting the RAY and click Open C Program Files Lambda Research Corporation TracePro examples demos Source Tutorial BinaryRays ray e Set Trace n th ray to 10 f Click Modify and g Repeat the above steps for File Source 2 and File Source 3 5 Optional assign different colors to the various sources this ensures that you can visually see which sources are displayed note that source rays can be plotted over rays from previously traced rays a For Surface Grid and File Sources 1 b For Surface Grid and File Sources 2 fo and c For Surface Grid and File Sources 3 You should no
25. ce 1 Boundary shape Reckangule f Grid pattern Rectangular Peak flux 1 000000 Total rays 10000 z Surface source File source Model Source FIGURE 9 12 Completed ray trace of Fresnel lens example 9 10 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual RepTile Examples Conical hole geometry with variable geometry rectangular tiles and rectangular boundary In this example we will create a surface tiled with conical holes and rectangular tiles We will create a conical hole property with the following dimensions Cone end radius variable by row from 0 1 mm to 0 2 mm in steps of 0 001 mm Cone height 0 03 mm Cone angle 0 Chamfer height 0 02 mm Chamfer angle 50 Rectangular tiles 0 25 mm x 0 25 mm These dimensions dictate that there will be 101 rows Each row is 0 25 mm high so the total y height of the tiles will be 101 x 0 25 mm 25 25 mm Now we will create the RepTile surface property 1 oo w N Open the RepTile Property Editor by selecting Define EditPropertyData RepTile Properties The editor appears as in Figure 9 3 on page 9 2 Press Add Property and enter a name for example Conical Hole Example select Cone from the Geometry Type drop down list select Rectangles from the Tile Type drop down list select Variable rows from the Variation Type drop down list and click OK See Table 9 13 Enter New Reptile Property Rep tle Name Adding to Catalog Default Geometry Ty
26. ck to TracePro and select File Import Property with the RepTile Property Editor open Open the Fresnel Lens Example txt file to import it The editor window should appear as in Figure 9 8 pTile Property Editor 5 x Gel bed O B B A Catalog Default Hame Fresnel Lens Example Description Bump RepTile Type Geometry Type Fresnel Tile Type Rings ilog dd Catalog alete Catalog ld Property dete Property apy Property 3 Points Inzert Facet Angle fdeg Draft Angle deg O 12916666 Delete O 332222222 O 535555556 O 38885089 0 941944444 L142 rrr 1 a a Ya P Pa Pa a Pa 1 551380809 1 754444444 gt Table Tile Parameters Ring width O50 Varation Type Variable Rings md MoO MM M MM MMMM M FIGURE 9 8 The completed Fresnel Lens Example property after importing into the Property Editor This completes the definition of the Fresnel Lens Example in the Property Editor Close the Property Editor and choose to save your data when the appropriate pop up window appears TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 7 Examples 9 8 Now we are ready to make an object and apply the RepTile property we have just created First we need to figure out the dimensions the object should have We already know that it should be 2 mm thick We also know that there are 333 facets of width 0 5 mm so the radius of the outermost facet is 333 x 0 5 mm 166 5 mm If we u
27. cked e Figure 8 displays the results without auto importance sampling and e Figure 9 displays the results with auto importance sampling In both cases the Color scheme Analysis Luminance Radiance Map Options is set to True Color and False Color Gradient Rainbow Total True Color Map for Luminance Luminance Map for image 1 cd m2 nit 30 25 20 15 10 5 D 5 10 15 20 25 3 9500 30 30 9000 8500 8000 20 7500 7000 6500 10 6000 5500 5000 4500 4000 3500 10 3000 2500 2000 20 1500 1000 25 25 20 Y millimeters 20 25 25 30 30 30 25 20 15 10 5 D 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 X millimeters Luminance Min 0 cd m2 nit Max 9348 cd m2 nit Ave 1665 9 cd m2 nit FIGURE 9 80 Display map results without auto importance sampling in True Color and False Color Gradient Rainbow Note if this manual is printed it is expected the above figures will be in greyscale TracePro 4 1 User s Manual Example Using Luminance Radiance Maps Total True Color Map for Luminance 2 23e 270 7 08e 270 3 17e 270 2 23e 270 7 08e 270 3 17e 270 2 23e 270 7 08e 270 3 17e 270 2 23e 270 7 08e 270 3 17e 270 cd m2 nit 9500 9000 8500 8000 7500 7000 6500 6000 6500 6000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Y millimeters 20 25 30 Luminance Map for image 1 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 25 20 30 25 20 15 1
28. ditor with Elliptical ABg selected and after changing to type Anisotropic PAm DAS amp Catalog Catalog Detaut v Name Example ElipticalABg 7 Add Catalog Description MRE Scatter Epica Ada J Retroreflector r Polarization E Incident Angle Azimuth Angle Absorptance Specular Refl Specular Trans Integrated BRDF Peak BRDF BRDF B x BRDFB y BRDF g x BRDF g y Integrated BTDF Peak BTDF BTDF B x BTDF B y BTDF g x BTDF g y 300 0 5 0 o i Applying an elliptical BSDF surface property to a surface 9 52 To apply an elliptical BSDF surface property to a surface select the surface s to which you wish to apply the property Select Define Apply Properties and click the Surface tab Select the property catalog and name from the lists Next within the Surface tab select the Anisotropic Axis tab and enter the direction for the Zero Azimuth Direction Note that this direction vector is also used for orienting the surface property if it is anisotropic An example is shown in Figure 9 55 with 1 O 0 entered for the Zero Azimuth Direction TracePro 4 1 User s Manual Elliptical BSDF eel Apply Properties a x Importance Sampling Est Surface Diffraction Raptrace Flag Mueller Matris Gradient Index Bulk Scattering Temperature Class and User Data Rept ile Temperature Distribution Maternal surface Surface Source Prescription Color Property Mame Def
29. e Position O 0 0 Select View Profiles Iso 1 to get an oblique view To bend and taper the cylinder first select Edit Select Surface to turn on surface selection mode and select the z end plane of the cylinder 8 Then select Edit Surface Revolve to open the Revolve Surface Selection dialog box and enter the values as shown in Figure 9 36 9 Click the option Calculate a position using the selected surface to get the Position information 10 Click Revolve Surface The face will be revolved and tapered as shown in Figure 9 37 B Revolve Surface Selection oy a a a Angle 30 planar surfaces only Draft angle jooo in Degrees Radius 30000 Steps booo Avs of Revolution Position on axis of revolution Position p Fozition 3a fo o Fostion position must be in the Plane of the surface Get Position from last mouse click Calculate a Position using selected surface FIGURE 9 36 The Revolve Surface Selection Dialog Box 9 36 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual Revolve Surface Example f1 Model Untitled4 E Cylinder 1 i Surface 0 i Surface 1 i Surface 2 Sg Surface 3 Entity 1 Cyl Cone Material From lt Mone gt Material name lt None gt FIGURE 9 37 The Result of the Values in the Dialog Box To see how a non zero Step value affects the revolve function first select Edit Undo or press the Undo button to undo the previous revolve Now change the Draft ang
30. ean Intersect operation Insert a cylinder with the input parameters from Table 9 2 TABLE 9 2 Data parameters for Boolean Cylinder tool Base Rotation X 0 Y 0 Z 0 d After using the Boolean Intersect operation on both objects we need to make the reflector a Surface Source to trace rays from e Select the inner spherical surface of the reflector faces the z direction and use the Apply Properties dialog box to define a Surface Source with the input parameters from Table 9 3 TABLE 9 3 Data parameters for Surface Source Number of Rays 25000 Angular Distribution Normal to Surface 9 22 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual Aperture Diffraction Example 2 Create a diffracting aperture and also an object that absorbs light that does not pass through the aperture To do this select Insert Baffle Vane to create a baffle vane at the origin with the input parameters from Table 9 4 TABLE 9 4 Data parameters for Baffle Vane Aperture Radius Tube Radius Thickness Knife Radius Conical angle Rotation he a Select the new baffle vane using the Select Object tool and apply the sur face property Perfect Absorber to it use the Define Apply Properties dialog b Next create a dummy object on which diffraction will occur This object a short cylinder a disk really fills the aperture in the baffle vane It is impor tant that one end of the cylinder is coincident with the aperture in the baffle vane
31. ect Lens 6 in the System Tree e Select Insert Lens Element e Select the Position tab and e Click on the Modify Lens button Figure 9 53 shows the results to Lens 6 for TracePro 4 1 while Figure 9 54 shows the results to Lens 6 for TracePro 4 0 Note that in the latter 4 0 the tilt and decenter are lost while in the former 4 1 both of the surfaces retain their original imported values Thus this update ensures that aperture modifications to one surface do not adversely affect the other surface in a lens element TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 47 Examples 9 48 Lens 1 Lens 2 Lens 3 X Aperture Stop Lens 4 Lens 5 Y Te Image FIGURE 9 52 Results of importing the dblgausstilt OSLO lens into TracePro 4 0 and TracePro 4 1 Y Lens 1 Lens 2 Lens 3 X Aperture Stop Y Lens 4 y Lens 5 Y Image EE lt i e 2 ae Tilt of Second Surface Relative to First lt i a 2 ee in Degrees E Insert Lens Element Lens Aperture Obstruction Position Aspheric First Surface Center lt i vy i 2 ee First Surface Tilt lt i v O z Ge in Degrees Decenter of Second Surface Relative to First Insert Lens Modify Lens FIGURE 9 53 TracePro 4 1 Results of clicking on Modify Lens in the Insert Lens Element dialog with selection of Lens 6 from the imported OSLO dbligausstilt lens TracePro 4 1 User s Manual Anisotropic Surface Property Imag
32. eliprefl oml file with the Observation disk selected ready for deleting Now we will make a new smaller exit surface Select Insert Primitive Solid to open the nsert Primitive Solids dialog box and click the cylinder Cone tab Enter the data for a cylinder with radius 10 length 10 located at z 1000 as shown in Figure 9 76 and click the Insert button to create it TracePro 4 1 User s Manual Example Using Reverse Ray Tracing Ge Insert Primitive Solids Block Crlinder Lone Torus Sphere Thin Sheet Mame Cylinder f Cylinder Cone Elliptical Base Top MajorA Base Position FIGURE 9 76 Insert Cylinder Cone with data for smaller exit surface Now apply all needed properties to the new cylinder object These consist of 1 Naming the object using the system tree Name it Exit Surface 1 2 Labeling each of the three surfaces Edge Front and Back in the same way as the Observation disk surfaces were labeled 3 Selecting the Front surface and making it an Exit Surface as in Figure 9 78 4 Setting the number of Reverse Rays on the Front surface as in Figure 9 64 on page 9 61 5 Defining an importance sampling target on the Front surface as in Figure 9 65 on page 9 62 except set the number of rings to 1 and the number of slices to To make an array of exit surfaces first select the new object and then select Edit Object Move to open the Move dialog box Enter 40 for the y c
33. er name Deep Dermis x 0 0000 Y 17 3541 2 12 0805 millimeters x 0 0000 Y 20 9699 2 34 2180 millimeters FIGURE 9 27 Example of a raytrace into a block object that has bulk absorption and scattering properties The Volume Flux Options window is open but the volume flux cells are not shown in the model For Help press F1 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 29 Examples By selecting the Show Cells button we can view the cells involved in the calculation This is shown in Figure 9 28 fi TracePro Model BlockWithBulkScatterAndBulkAbsorption OML J Oj x E Fie Edit wiew Insert Define Analysis Reports Tools Macros Window Help l x Olsa a sae e elelo l oalelm sll io zjeje ajej SASAR M pl ale cl Pe Bla 4 ae WW E Surface 0 Surface Property lt None gt Plane Surface 1 volume Flux Options siaixif Comer Position r Comer Position 2 7 r Number of Cells Surface Property lt None gt Eine xm iiix f xf Surface Surface Property lt None gt Y i Y i Y fi Plane Z 55 z 145 Fa 30 1 Surface 3 Surface Property lt None gt Plane Hide Cells Surface 4 Surface Property lt None gt Results File Plane C WolumeFluxResutstt C WolumeFlus Results tet ae Surface 5 w Surface Property
34. ery reverse ray specified 4x4 16 rays will be TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 61 Examples generated Because we specified 1000 reverse rays 16 000 actual rays will be generated eel Apply Properties Jel Mueller Matrix Gradient Index Bulk Scattering Temperature Class and User Data Repl ile Temperature Distribution Material Surface Surface Source l Prescription Color Importance Sampling Exit Surbace Diffraction Aaytrace Flag Target fi of 1 Raps cell Moo Direction Toward Shape Annular Target Center Normal Y ector uter radius js Inner radius ooo Single Surface iz selected Delete Slices Add FIGURE 9 65 Applying an importance sampling target to the Exit Surface Tracing Reverse Rays Now we are ready to trace reverse rays Select Analysis Reverse Raytrace to open the Reverse Raytrace dialog box as shown in Figure 9 66 This dialog box is analogous to the Source Raytrace dialog box and has the same choices Because our source is defined using discrete wavelengths select Reverse trace using discrete wavelengths and click Apply Now you can begin the ray trace by clicking Trace Rays or by clicking the Reverse Trace button on the Analysis toolbar 9 62 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual Example Using Reverse Ray Tracing lel Reverse Raytrace Siz Reverse Raps Raps will be reverse traced Reverse trace using discrete wavelengths Trace
35. grating in TracePro you must first define a surface property that is of type grating specify the diffraction efficiency of each order in the property then apply the property to a surface To define a grating surface property 1 First create a new surface property with the ABg scatter model See Editing an Existing Surface Property on page 4 25 2 From the Type drop down list choose Grating as shown in Figure 9 56 lel Surface Property Editor a Gd bed HO O B A Catalog Catalog Defaut Mame New Grating Add Catalog L Delete Catalog Type Table E iea feo tits Retroreflector Penal Polarization Delete Property Stack Copy Property Data Fonts Sort by Grating o e i Temperature aroni Incident Angle fdeg Absorptance Specular Refl 5I 300 Coating DLL iy Oo 1 T T FIGURE 9 56 Creating a surface property of type Grating 3 Add new diffracted orders by clicking Add in the Data Points section 4 Enter the diffraction order and efficiency for both reflected and transmitted orders You can add as many orders as you wish by typing in new orders in the Add dialog box and clicking Apply after each one as shown in Figure 9 57 9 54 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual Using TracePro Diffraction Gratings Surface Property Add Data Dialog Variable to Add Temperature K C Wavelength microns C Incident Angle degrees r Grating Urder
36. i E T E sa 50 i 100 100 150 150 z200 z200 250 250 200 200 300 250 200 150 100 50 O 50 100 1450 200 250 300 millimeters luminance Miin 3 1102e 016 lux Mas 409 58 lus Ave 20 55 lus RMS 54 104 Total Flus 7 398 Im G37 Incident Rays FIGURE 9 68 Illuminance map for reverse ray trace 9 64 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual Example Using Reverse Ray Tracing Ray Sorting To show only the rays that produce irradiance illuminance at the observation surface select the Observation disk Front surface and select Analysis Ray Sorting From the drop down list select Selected Surface as shown in Figure 9 69 and click Update The only rays displayed are those that would have come from the source and struck the exit surface in a forward ray trace The sorted rays are shown in Figure 9 70 O Ray Sorting i Rap Sort for Model Window Sort Type Selected Surface bd For the curently selected surface Wavelength fai Starting Raps to Display foo TE maf Flux Display Range as a fraction of Peak Flux Hus Range Peak 1 3247 1 005 lumens Min fo Miar fo 0a FIGURE 9 69 Ray sorting dialog box with Sort Type set to Selected Surface TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 65 Examples fi Model eliprefl Quartz Bulb E y Electrodes E y ARC y Observation Disk E Edge E Back Entity 4 CyliCone a Material from lt None i Material name lt None
37. igure 9 34 The optional draft angle is specified in degrees If the normal to the plane of the surface is in the same direction as the tangent at the start of the path the surface profile is expanded for positive draft angles or contracted for negative draft 9 34 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual Sweep Surface Example angles as it is swept along the path otherwise it is contracted for positive angles and expanded for negative angles E Sweep Surface Selection 0 Distance Draft angle 30000 In Degrees f Sweep along surface normal User sweep direction s direction Surkace normal and draft angle o Z direction surfaces only FIGURE 9 34 Sweep Surface With A Negative Draft Angle Press Apply to sweep the surface with a negative draft angle of thirty degrees This creates a conical extension on the end face with a conical half angle of 30 degrees as shown in Figure 9 35 f1 Model Untitled4 E Cylinder 1 EI Surface 0 E Surface 1 H S FIGURE 9 35 The Result of the Negative Draft Angle TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 35 Examples Revolve Surface Example In this example you will create a solid cylinder then revolve the end with a negative draft to create a horn shaped bend 1 Create the cylinder by selecting Insert Primitive Solid and selecting the Cylinder Cone tab Enter the following values for the cylinder and press Insert to create the object Major Radius 10 Length 50 Bas
38. ill not be possible for it to lie in the tangent plane of the surface in general anyway If you are applying the property to a plane surface the Zero Azimuth Direction must not be perpendicular to the surface Finally click the Apply button to apply the property to the selection Elliptical BSDF Elliptical BSDF refers to two anisotropic scatter models which may be used in conjunction with any surface property type Each model is defined by a major and minor axis hence the elliptical name The data can be defined using ABg or Gaussian coefficients An elliptical BSDF surface property is used like any other surface property except that when you apply the property to a surface you must specify the azimuth 0 axis in the Apply Properties dialog This is found on the Anisotropic Axis sub tab of the surface property tab Creating an Elliptical BSDF property Select Define Edit PropertyData Surface Properties to open the Surface Property Editor Select the catalog in which you wish to create the new property from the Catalog drop down list Click the Add Property button and select the TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 51 Examples E Surface Property Editor Scatter Model you wish to use either Elliptical ABg or Elliptical Gaussian and enter Temperature and Wavelength The Surface Property Editor will create a new property of type Table Finally select whatever Type of surface property from the drop down list The figure below shows the e
39. ion Position Aspheric Shape Circle gt Semi Diameter fis Decenter x zi Semi Diameter Y ees Decenter Y i Gamma az in Degrees Second Surface Semi Diameter bs Insert Lens Modify Lens FIGURE 9 50 TracePro 4 1 Results of clicking on Modify Lens in the Insert Lens Element dialog with selection of Lens 3 from the imported OSLO dblgauss lens 9 46 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual Insert Lens Example Lens 1 Y Lens 2 X Aperture Stop ens 4 Lens 5 Y Lens 6 Image n lt Insert Lens Modify Lens FIGURE 9 51 TracePro 4 0 Results of clicking on Modify Lens in the Insert Lens Element dialog with selection of Lens 3 from the imported OSLO dblgauss lens Utility of Updated Position Tab A modified Double Gauss lens that is provided with TracePro is used for illustration here This lens is by default located at C Program Files Lambda Research Corporation TracePro examples demos OSLO dbl gausstilt The original filename is dblgauss which can be found by selecting files of type OSLO len osl under File Open but within OSLO a new version entitled dblgausstilt was created This lens has an X tilt of 5 added to the last surface and this surface is also decentered by 1 mm in the Y direction from the optical axis of the lens Figure 9 52 shows the result of importing this lens into both TracePro 4 0 and 4 1 The next steps are e Sel
40. is shown Figure 9 21 The parameter variable Iring starts from the center and increases by one for each ring outward Bumps of increasing radius Staggered ring segments Piel Es fi Model Untitled1 object 2 E Surface 0 Surface 1 a Surface Property lt Mone gt a Reptile From Default RepTile Surface Spherial bump E Surface 2 Entity 2 Cy liCone Material From PLASTIC Material name prima FIGURE 9 21 Parameterized spherical bump RepTile property The Boundary Radius is set to 11mm and the Depth to 1mm Now we will create the RepTile surface property 1 Open the RepTile Property Editor by selecting Define EditPropertyData RepTile Properties The editor appears as in Figure 9 3 on page 9 2 2 Click Add Property and enter a name for example Spherical bump 3 select Sphere from the Geometry Type drop down list 4 select Rings from the Tile Type drop down list TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 19 Examples 5 select Parameterized from the Variation Type drop down list 6 and click OK See Figure 9 22 Enter New Reptile Property Rep ile Name Adding to Catalog Default Geometry Type Sphere w Tile Type Rins o Wanation Type Parameterized Cancel FIGURE 9 22 Entering a parameterized RepTile property Now we are going to use the Iring variable to define the Tile Parameters and Geometry Several of the entries will vary as a function of
41. le to zero and the Steps value to 1 Press Revolve Surface to see the mitered corner appear on the cylinder as shown in Figure 9 38 1 Model Untitled4 le Cylinder 1 i Surface 0 i Surface 1 H Surface 2 y Surface 3 Entity 2 CyliCone Material From lt None gt Material name lt None gt FIGURE 9 38 Result with Draft Angle Zero amp Step Value 1 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 37 Examples Using Copy with Move Rotate 9 38 TracePro can be used to create arrays of objects through the Edit Move and Edit Rotate dialogs One or more objects may be duplicated from a reference object The geometry and TracePro properties will be transferred to the duplicated object This example will demonstrate a method to create a linear and rotational lens array Arrays of reflecting objects may be created in TracePro RC using this example as a template 1 Create a lens by selecting Insert Lens Element 2 Enter the following values for the cylinder and press Insert to create the object 3 Thickness 3 4 Surface 1 Radius 12 E Insert Lens Element oy Lens Aperture Obstruction Position Aspheric Hame Lens 1 Units Radius gt Thickness Bo Maternal Catalog SCHOTT Name p 3 Surface 1 Surface 2 F Cylindrical F Cylindrical R adius po Radius 12 Corie f0 Conic po Insert Lens Modify Lens FIGURE 9 39 Lens Element Dialog 5 Trace a fan of rays by setting the paramete
42. n should be the facet angle in degrees obtained by dividing the first column by 3600 The first few rows of the Fresnel Lens Arcsecs txt file should appear as in Figure 9 6 wN Microsoft Excel Fresnel Lens Arcsecs txt aul File Edit View Insert Format Tools Data Window Help a x Jose ErCAT EG Arial E IRETE 8g E B WDA F 1 BZ U A1 3600 i 465 01291671 1196 0 332222 1928 0 535556 2660 0 730669 3391 0 941944 E 4123 1 145278 A854 1 549333 a 5565 1 551389 MIAT Fresnel Lens Arcsecs al Ready DE i A a A TT FIGURE 9 6 The Fresnel Lens Arcsecs file with a second column containing facet angles in degrees TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 5 Examples Select the entire column B copy it and paste it to cell A19 of the Fresne Lens Example property file using Paste Special and specifying Values You can select the column quickly by selecting cell B1 in Fresne Lens Arcsecs and pressing lt Shift Ctrl gt to select the column Enter an angle of 2 in the second column for the Draft Angle Each facet can have a different angle but we will use a constant 2 degrees for this example The property should appear in Excel as shown in Figure 9 7 Fesnel Lens Example Default FIGURE 9 7 The completed Fresnel Lens Example as shown in Excel 9 6 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual RepTile Examples Now save the Fresnel Lens Example txt file from Excel and close it Switch ba
43. ndow that the RepTile surface properties have been applied but the System Tree will show the Conical Hole Example property on the appropriate surface The facets are defined over a 100 mm x 25 25 mm rectangular area within a 105 mm x 30 mm surface with the first row of the surface at z 0 125 As you go along the z axis the row number increases and the geometry changes Next we ll trace some rays into the edge of the block Define a rectangular grid of rays with 50 x 0 5 mm half widths with a rectangular grid of 100 x 100 rays and half angle divergence of 30 degrees The completed ray trace is shown in Figure 9 20 f1 Model Untitled2 El Grid source E Grid Source 1 Surface source File source Source Radiance FIGURE 9 20 Completed ray trace of Conical Hole Example 9 18 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual RepTile Examples Parameterized spherical bump geometry with staggered ring tiles In this example we will create a surface tiled with spherical bumps in staggered tiles The property dimensions will be parameterized to vary as the bumps extend outward from the center of the RepTile circular boundary We will create a spherical bump property with the following dimensions e Sphere radius 0 05 Iring 5 mm e Sphere height Iring 2 mm e Ring width 0 1 0 7 Iring mm e Each ring will have 5 segments starting at different angles 10 Iring The resulting RepTile property placed on the end of a 12 mm cylinder
44. ne whole number per line the number is the Fresnel lens facet angle in arcseconds In order to use this file we will need to convert the angles to degrees To examine this file open it using a spreadsheet program such as Microsoft Excel The facet angles increase from the center to the edge of the lens In order to calculate the minimum thickness we need for the substrate we need to know the largest facet angle This is the last angle in the file You can quickly go to the last row in the spreadsheet in Excel by pressing lt Ctrl gt on your keyboard The Excel screen should look like Figure 9 2 showing that there are 333 rows in the spreadsheet and the last facet angle is 171682 arcsec or 47 68944 degrees Assuming that each facet has a width of 0 5 mm the depth of the last facet is 0 5 mm x tan 47 68944 0 549 mm We can make the substrate 2 mm thick and Examples the last facet will still have a base thickness of almost 1 5 mm substrate thickness tallest facet height base thickness w Microsoft Excel Fresnel Lens Arcsecs txt E File Edit View Insert Format Tools Data Window Help a x DSR ERY SBA BE EANND Arial 10 B Fi u herini 4 465 1 ee ee ee ee ee ee ae a mM ml al Het 5 A is G j gt 305 163337 163648 163959 305 164269 164577 310 164885 311 165191 FIGURE 9 2 The Fresnel Lens Arcsecs txt file as it appears in Microsoft Excel First we will create a RepTile
45. nerated at 11 36 23 March 11 2005 Name E Catalog 9 Description Geometry 11 Tile Type 12 Vary Row Bump_Typ Parameter 15 Width x 16 Width Y User Data 19 End Radiu Depth Heic Cone Angl Charnfer H Charmfer Angle deg 0 1 0 101 0 102 0 103 117 0 197 0 198 0 199 120 O24 Md ed eel ee 0 25 0 25 1 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 03 FH Conical Hole Example Conical Hole Example Detault 0 m GE m GA m GE mm G OE mm GE mmn GA mn 0 02 0 02 OO 0 0 0 02 0 0 0 02 OO Jal s0 s0 ot s0 s0 s0 ol s0 FIGURE 9 16 The Conical Hole Example txt file with all values filled in 12 Now save the Conical Hole Example txt file from Excel and close it 13 Switch back to TracePro and select File Import Property from the Property Editor 14 Open the Conical Hole Example txt file to import it The editor window should appear as in Figure 9 17 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual RepTile Examples lee Reptile Property Editor Piel ES Vanation Type M anable Rows Tile Parameters Width p 25 Height 0 25 Catalog Defaut Name Conical Hole E sample Description Hole Repl ile Type Geometry Type Cone Tile Type R ectangles End Radius from Depth Height trom Cone Angle deg Chamfer Height from Chamfer Angle deg A 0 1 0 101 0 102 0 103 0 104 0 105 0 106 0 107 0 106 0 109 O 11 Table
46. ngle to 60 and press Copy 19 The resulting Lens Array in shown in Figure 9 45 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 39 Examples f1 Model Untitled5 Y w A A ee V FIGURE 9 42 Raytrace of linear lens array fi Model Untitled5 FIGURE 9 43 XY Profile of Linear Lens Array 9 40 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual Example of Orienting and Selecting Sources W Rotate Selection 0 Copp The WES data is retained until a new object is selected and the Anis and Origin controls are accessed Rotation Center Point Rotation Angle eo In Degrees Aves About Z amp Direction fo t Direction 0 2 Direction i Origin of Object WCS x Center 0 Y Center 0 Z Center 0 FIGURE 9 44 Rotate Selection Dialog fi Model Untitled5 FIGURE 9 45 Rotation Lens Array Example of Orienting and Selecting Sources New features for the orientaiton and postion of sources especially grid and file sources has been added to TracePro Additionally multi selection of these sources as discussed in Multi Selecting Sources on page 5 24 eases the overall development of sources within your model In the next few sections an example is provided to illustrate the utility of these additions TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 41 Examples Creating the TracePro Source Example OML For the remainder of this section three sources for each of
47. nual Aperture Diffraction Example The rays that pass through the aperture are bent by diffraction The rays are bent by arandom angle according to a probability distribution The angular width of the probability distribution depends on the location where the ray intersects the diffracting surface the closer to the edge the broader the distribution 7 After the raytrace is finished select your exit surface and create an irradiance map by selecting Analysis Irradiance maps 8 Open the Irradiance Map Options dialog box by selecting Analysis Irradiance Options and set the input parameters from Table 9 3 TABLE 9 7 Data parameters for Irradiance Map Options Normalize to emitted no check mark Color Map Grayscale on black TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 25 Examples You can see in Figure 9 25 how the incident rays are most highly concentrated in the center of the map E Irradiance Tlluminance Map Untitled1 Total Imadiance ap for Incident Flux Object Surface 1 Wim of O84 0 3 OZ 0 1 Oo O l O 2 0 3 O 4 0 5 1e 004 3 16228e 008 1e HI08 3 16228e 00F leo 3 162256006 1e 006 S1G225 Y millimeters Z u Er EET 100000 316228 10000 3162 25 1000 S16 228 05 O84 03 O02 01 OG O 1 millimeters Imadiance hin 0 Win bite 2 S889e 009 Wim Awer S87 1e 006 Wim Rds 1229e 007 Total Flux 9 6644 W 24167 Incident Rays 100 FIGURE 9 25 Irradiance Map Appl
48. omponent of the Move as shown in Figure 21 Now click the Copy button This will copy the object then move it by 40 in the y direction The copy of the object is located at y 0 and the original has been moved to y 40 Click the Copy button six more times to create eight Exit Surface 1 objects Note By applying all of the properties to the object named Exit Surface 1 each copy holds the properties so they will not need to be applied to the copies TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 71 Examples Move Selection 1 ey Relative Absolute Distance Apply X Conte a T FIGURE 9 77 Edit Object Move dialog box ready for moving the object by 40 in the y direction Open the System Tree and rename the objects so that they are named Exit Surface 1 through Exit Surface 8 Label the one at y 0 as Exit Surface 1 the one at y 40 as Exit Surface 2 etc The completed model is shown in Figure 9 78 Select File Save to save the model f1 Model eliprefl_multiexit vy Quartz bulb vy Electrodes y AFC oe Reflector y Exit Surface 8 y Exit Surface 1 H Edge 1 Exit Surface Reverse rays 1000 Surface Property lt None gt ee Importance Target Defin E Rear Entity 7 Cyl Cone Material from lt Mone gt i Material name lt None gt y Exit Surface 2 SOU FiCe Luminance FIGURE 9 78 Completed model with multiple exit surfaces Now the model is ready for tracing
49. pe Cone o Tile Type Rectanges Variation Type Variable Rows Cancel FIGURE 9 13 Enter New RepTile Property dialog for Conical Hole Example T In the Tile Parameters area enter 0 25 for both the Width and Height values 8 Click the Bump button and observe that it changes to Hole specifying hole TracePro 4 1 User s Manual geometry 9 11 Examples 9 Enter the geometry values above into the appropriate columns in the table The entries should appear as in Figure 9 14 le Reptile Property Editor OF x fd led O B B H Catalog Defaut Hame Conical Hole Example Description Hole Repl ile Type Geometry Type Cone Tile Type R ectangles Tile Parameters Width 0 25 Height 0 25 Vanation Type Variable Rows End Radius rim Depth Height mm Cone 4ngle deg ChamPer Height mm Chamfer Angle deg FIGURE 9 14 Completed template for Conical Hole property example We now have a template for creating the Conical Hole property To fill in the geometry data we will export this property to a text file and use a spreadsheet program To export the property first select File Save to save the property then select File Export Property to save the property in a text file Open the text file using a spreadsheet program Microsoft Excel in this example The opened file should appear as in Figure 9 15 9 12 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual RepTile E
50. ple presented earlier Luminance Radiance Maps on page 6 14 it is used here to illustrate the utility of auto importance sampling toward sources The OML can be found in default install location C Program Files Lambda Research Corporation TracePro examples demos Lumi nanceMapTutorial glass sphere on red white checkerboard oml The tutorial that describes how to use the Radiance Luminance Map function is found in default install location C Program Files Lambda Research Corporation TracePro Tutorials Luminance Map Tucorial pdt Note that the glass sphere on red white checkerboard oml is an exercise left to the user within the tutorial This more complex analysis is used in this section to illustrate the utility to display True Color Follow the tutorial on how to setup TracePro for replicating the results displayed here This example displays a Luminance Map but one could do a similar ray trace with a Radiance Map i e TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 73 Examples 9 74 31 4 21 3 3 95 the two terms can be used interchangeably for the purposes of presentation in this manual The only difference between the tow is that a Radiance Map is displayed in radiometric units e g W sr m7 and a Luminance Map is displayed in photometric units e g cd m nit Two ray traces have been performed with the selected options as shown in Figure 5 20 on page 5 31 with the latter having the Auto importance samping box che
51. rature Distribution Fluorescence Property Data Catalog Defaut Hame Fresnel Lens Example Fresnel Surface Catalog Defaut Surface Name lt None gt Boundary and Orentatiori Rectangular Width 239 Boundary Center Origin for tile 0 0 FIGURE 9 10 Insert a block and apply the Fresnel Lens Example RepTile property to it The Fresnel lens is now complete Note that there will be no visual indication in the model window that the RepTile surface properties have been applied unless the View Display RepTi les option is enabled The System Tree will show the Fresnel Lens Example property on the appropriate surface The facets are defined over a 235 mm x 235 mm square area within a 240 mm x 240 mm surface Next we ll trace some rays through the Fresnel lens 10 Define a square grid of rays 119 x 119 mm half widths with a rectangular grid of 100 x 100 rays as shown in Figure 9 11 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 9 Examples The completed ray trace is shown in Figure 9 12 We see that the focal length of this lens is about 310 mm E Grid Source 0 Grid Setup Beam Setup Polarization Mame Grid Source 1 Mew Grid Boundary Rectangular Y Y half height Grid Pattern Fiectangular Y points ponta FIGURE 9 11 Modified portion of Grid Source dialog for Rectangular raytrace f1 Model Untitled1 El Grid source El Grid Sour
52. rays i 000 Predetined irradiance map onentation Hame Hormal Wector W Exit surface Up Vector Add Mioaity FIGURE 9 64 Apply Properties dialog box showing the exit surface defined 1000 reverse rays have been applied to the exit surface Setting importance sampling targets In order to make reverse ray tracing work you must define importance sampling targets for creating the reverse rays The rays will be assigned an etendue value equal as described in the section Theory of reverse ray tracing on page 5 28 with solid angle determined by the importance sampling target Without one or more targets the etendue cannot be calculated in a meaningful way The target s are assigned to each exit surface from which reverse rays will be traced In this example we will use one importance sampling target and apply it to the Observation disk Front surface Select this surface and open the Apply Properties dialog box as in the previous section but now select the Importance Sampling tab Click Add to add a target to the surface We will create an annular importance sampling target at the front of the reflector which is located at z 500 with outer radius 280 and inner radius 20 We will also create cells on the importance sampling target by dividing it into radial and azimuthal segments in a 4x4 pattern Fill in the values shown in Figure 9 65 and click Apply to create the target With these segments for ev
53. rs of the Define Grid Source to an Outer radius of 25 Grid Pattern to Cross and X points to 1 The other options may be set to the default values 6 Trace the rays by pressing the Trace This Rays button See Figure 9 40 7 Open the Edit Move dialog 8 Select the Lens by pressing Edit Select Object and clicking on the lens with the mouse 9 Create a second lens by entering 16 for Y Center in the Move Selection Dialog Press the Copy button See Figure 9 41 10 Create a third lens by entering 32 for the Y Center in the Move Selection Dialog Press the Copy button Notice that the selection move from the first to second and then third object 11 Trace another grid raytrace See Figure 9 42 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual Using Copy with Move Rotate f1 Model UntitledS FIGURE 9 40 Raytrace of single lens element GS Move Selection lei Relative CDi aetna hina od a 2 enter DS FIGURE 9 41 Move Selection Dialog 12 Next create the rotational arrays by changing the TracePro view to a XY profile by selection View Profi le Xy 13 If the bottom lens is not highlighted select the bottom lens See Figure 9 43 14 Open the Edit Object Rotate dialog 15 Enter 60 for Rotation Angle and change the Axis to About Z See Figure 9 44 16 Press the Copy button twice to create two more lenses 17 Skip the top lens by changing the Rotation Angle to 120 press Copy 18 Add one more lens by returning the Rotation A
54. s provided with OSLO is used for illustration here This lens has been added to your examples folder installed with TracePro 4 1 The location by default is C Program Files Lambda Research Corporation TracePro examples demos OSLO db1l gauss The filename is dblgauss which can be found by selecting files of type OSLO len osl under Fi 1e Open Figure 9 49 shows the result of opening this lens in both TracePro 4 0 and 4 1 The next steps are e Select Lens 3 in the System Tree e Select Insert Lens Element e Select the Aperture tab and e Click on the Modify Lens button Figure 9 50 shows the results to Lens 3 for TracePro 4 1 while Figure 9 51 shows the results to Lens 3 for TracePro 4 0 Note that in the latter 4 0 the apertures of both surfaces are updated to that of the first surfaces of Lens 3 while in the former 4 1 both of the surfaces retain their original imported values Thus this update ensures that aperture modifications to one surface do not adversely affect the other surface in a lens element TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 45 Examples ia Y Lens 2 Lens 3 X Aperture Stop Y Lens 4 Lens 5 4 Lens 6 Y Image FIGURE 9 49 Results of importing the dblgauss OSLO lens into TracePro 4 0 and TracePro 4 1 b Y Lens 1 Lens 2 X Aperture Stop Lens 4 Y Lens 5 Y Lens 6 Y Image Y Toes af EE Insert Lens Element 5 Lens Aperture Obstruct
55. se a Square boundary for the Fresnel lens the largest it can be is 166 5 mm x J2 235 mm on a side We also must have a margin around the RepTile Surface cell boundary to allow rays to escape properly Therefore we will make an object that is 240 mm x 240 mm and 2 mm thick 7 In TracePro using the Insert Primitive Solid dialog box insert a block with dimensions as shown in Figure 9 9 E Insert Primitive Solids ey Block Cylinder Cone Torus Sphere Thin Sheet Hame Block width Center Position Rotation In Degrees FIGURE 9 9 Insert a block into a TracePro model as a substrate for the Fresnel lens 8 Using the Apply Properties dialog box apply the material property pmma from the Plastic catalog to the block 9 Now select the z surface of the block and apply the RepTile surface property using the Rep Tile tab in the Apply Properties dialog box Fill in the values shown in Figure 9 10 This puts the center of the Fresnel lens at the center of the block surface TracePro 4 1 User s Manual RepTile Examples odel Untitled1 vf Block 1 H Surface 0 Surface 2 Surface 3 Surface 4 Surface 5 odel Radi ale E Apply Properties OR x Importance Sampling Est Surtace Diffraction Raptrace Flag Mueller Matrix Gradient Index Bulk Scattering Temperature Material Surtace Surface Source Prescription Color Class and User Data Feplile Tempe
56. ser s Manual 9 49 Examples fal Surface Property Editor Ea o x a a BES amp Catalog Catalog Default Name Example anisotropic prop _Add Catalog Description ti s s lt C Delete Catalog Type peperen Scatter feo t S J Retroreflector I Polarization Delete Property Data Points Sort by Add Delete Solve For lt None gt x You can add as many Incident Angles and Azimuth Angles as you wish To add more angles click the Add button in the Data Points part of the Surface Property Editor The figure below shows the property with three Incident Angles and four Azimuth Angles Enter angles in degrees wavelength Incident Angle Azimuth Angle Absorptance Specular Refl Specular Trans Integrated BRDF BRDF A BRDFB BRDF g Integrated BTDF BTDF A BTDFB BTDFg 300 0 5 0 i 0 mur m m oO oO Oo oO 30 0 0 0000 0 O0 MR 0 0 00 0 0 0 0O Sloane f te teh tS ls i f j 0 0 00 0 0 0 O M 0 0 0900 0 0 0o o aioe 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 o o o o0 0 0 0 0 Arer oo co coc co coc oO 0 Clo Clo lm fey feb ey te Ce ce tee pe ee eh e Note that for rows in which the Incident Angle is zero only one of the rows is editable the azimuth 0 row and the others are grayed out This is because the azimuth angles have no meaning if the light is incident at zero degrees When you enter values for
57. the Grid Surface and File Source types have been created The OML file containing this example can be found in the TracePro examples folder at C Program Files Lambda Research Corporation TracePro examples demos Source Tutorval Source Example oml or you can use the following steps to create it yourself 1 Create the absorber a Create a Sphere Object Insert Primitive Solid Sphere within the Model Tree tab Give this sphere a radius of 25 Name it Absorber Click Insert Right click on Absorber in the Model Tree and select Properties In the Surface tab select Default gt Perfect Absorber and g Click Apply 2 Create the Surface Source Objects a Create a Block Object Insert Primitive Solid Block within the Model Tree tab Give this block a width of 1 in all directions Name it Surface Source 1 Click Insert Right click on Surface Source 1 gt Surface 0 in the Model Tree and select Properties f In the Surface Source tab select Flux for the Source Type assign a Flux of 1 and Total Rays of 9 and g Click Apply and h Repeat this process for Surface Source 2 and Surface Source 3 how ever give Surface Source 2 a width of 1 0001 in all directions and Sur face Source 3 a width of 1 0002 in all directions This modification is done to ensure that that there are no coincident surfaces which causes ray termination 3 Create the Grid Sources a Within the Source Tree ta
58. the ring in which the data is evaluated See RepTile Parameterization on page 4 58 Enter the functions and values shown in Figure 9 23 9 20 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual RepTile Examples Piel Es le Reptile Property Editor Catalog Default Mame FS oheral burp Description Bump Repl ile Type Tile Parameters Geomety Type Shee Ring width Farar Tile Type Rings Seg Width Stark Angle 104ring H of Segments Eo Variation Type Parameterized DepthyiHeight tmm Decenter phi fdeq FIGURE 9 23 Completed Spherical Bump property example This completes the definition of the Spherical Bump Example in the Property Editor Close the Property Editor and choose to save your data when the appropriate pop up window appears TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 21 Examples Aperture Diffraction Example G22 ET In this example we examine Fraunhofer diffraction by a circular aperture This example illustrates how aperture diffraction works in TracePro and how to use importance sampling with diffraction 1 Define a source that creates a converging spherical wavefront a Select Insert Reflector and select the Conic tab b Insert a Conic reflector with the input parameters from Table 9 1 TABLE 9 1 Data parameters for conic reflector Shape Spherical Origin X 0 Y 0 Z 100 c Trim the reflector by creating a cylinder that overlaps the reflector and using a the Bool
59. the zero incident angle zero azimuth angle row the other zero incidence rows will update with the same data Applying an anisotropic surface property to a surface To apply an anisotropic surface property to a surface select the surface s to which you wish to apply the property Select Define Apply Properties and click the Surface tab Select the property catalog and name from the lists Next within the Surface tab select the Anisotropic Axis tab and enter the direction for the Zero Azimuth Direction Note that this direction vector is also used for orienting the elliptical BSDF if present An example is shown below with 1 0 0 entered for the azimuth 0 axis 9 50 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual Elliptical BSDF lee Apply Properties O Importance 5ampling Est Surtace Diffraction Aavtrace Flag Mueller Matrix Gradient Index Bulk Scattering Temperature Class and User Data RepTile Temperature Distribution Maternal Surface Surface Source Prescription Color Property Catalog Defaut Property Mame Example anisotropic property ABg Scatter Feference Data Anisotropic Asis Onentation vector for Elliptical Scatter and Anisotropic Properties ero Azmuth Direction Amply View Data FIGURE 9 55 Anisotropic Axis Sub Tab in Apply Properties Dialog The Zero Azimuth Direction need not lie in the surface as TracePro will project it onto the surface For a curved surface it w
60. tion disk Front surface In a reverse ray trace rays are emitted from the Observation Disk Front surface and collected at the source In a reverse ray trace you can display all of these analysis results but in some cases they have a different meaning By way of going through this example we will see how the meaning is different We will do a reverse ray trace in which rays are emitted from the Observation disk Front surface You can choose whatever surface you would like from which to start the reverse rays The only requirement is that you first make the surface an exit surface Specifying reverse rays Using the eliprefl oml model select the Observation disk Front surface and then select Define Apply Properties to open the Apply Properties dialog box Select the Exit Surface tab check the Exit surface checkbox and enter 1000 for the Number of reverse rays as shown in Figure 9 64 Click Apply to apply the setting to the surface 9 60 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual Example Using Reverse Ray Tracing E Apply Properties O Mueller Matrix Gradient Indes Bulk Scattering Temperature Material Surface Surface Source Prescription Color Class and User Data RepTile Temperature Distribution Fluorescence Importance 5ampling Exit Surface Diffraction Raptrace Flag Check to make selected surbace s to be used to collect data during Simulation Mode raytrace Reverse raytrace Number of reverse
61. ts Insert Facet Angle deg Draft Angle deg Delete Vanation Type Variable Rings FIGURE 9 4 A template for the Fresnel Lens Example RepTile property 6 Continue to enter the property data by entering 0 5 in the Ring Width box the ring width in mm We now have a template for creating the Fresnel Lens RepTile property To fill in the facet angle and draft angle data we will export this property to a text file and use a spreadsheet program To export the property first select File Save to save the property then select File Export Property to save the property in a text file Open the text file using a spreadsheet program Microsoft Excel was used in this example The opened file should appear as in Figure 9 5 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 3 Examples Ey Fesnel Lens Example txt OF E4 Ppp AU E ec D E F GU W J 41 TraceFro reptile Property Data 2 File Name C Program Filess Lambda Research CorporationsTracePro TracePro mdb 3 TracePro Release 330 Database version 3 30 5 Data generated at 09 50 50 March 11 2005 7 Name Fesnel Lens Example 18 Catalog Default 4 Description FIGURE 9 5 The Fresnel Lens Example RepTile property exported text file after opening in Excel 9 4 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual RepTile Examples With the Fresnel Lens Arcsecs txt file open in Excel make a second column that is calculated from the first column The second colum
62. w have a Source Tree that appears as in Figure 9 46 Note that without one of the sources selected you should not see any of the sources directly displayed in the Geometry window but the four model objects including the absorber and three Surface Sources are Grid Source Grid Source 2 Grid Source 3 Surface Source e Surface Source 1 Surface 0 Surface Source 2 Surface 0 Surface Source 3 Surface 0 o File Source File Source 1 File Source 2 File Source 3 SOUFCE Radiance F FIGURE 9 46 Source Tree tab view of the file Source Tutorial oml or as per the build steps described TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 43 Examples Moving and Rotating the Sources from the Example As an example of the utility of these source operations do the following 1 Ray trace all the sources and verify that you get a ray trace plot like that shown in Figure 9 47 If not ensure that you entered the sources correctly 2 Select File Source 1 and Grid Source 1 right click on one of them and select Rotate Source 3 Enter Rotate 90 degrees around the X axis 4 Click on Rotate 5 Close the Rotate dialog 6 Select File Source 3 and Grid Source 3 right click on one of them and select Rotate Source 7 Enter Rotate 90 degrees around the X axis 8 Click on Rotate 9 Close the Rotate dialog 10 Select File Source 1 and Grid Source 1 right click on one of them and select Move Source
63. wn in Figure 9 73 fad Incident Ray Table eliprefl OML Reflector Inside Tabular display is limited to 2048 rows Ray Number Wavelength Start Ray Ray Node 0 5461 0 5461 0 5461 0 5461 0 5461 0 5461 0 5461 0 5461 0 5461 0 5461 0 5461 0 5461 0 5461 0 5461 0 5461 0 5461 0 5461 0 5461 0 5461 0 5461 0 5461 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 ja ynyrnrwk auowuownonstk A A A tw WON NY HS e Sp eS ee ee on f HON OD FM Ow Type SpectTran SpecTran SpecTran SpectTran SpecRefl SpectTran SpectTran SpectTran SpecTran SpecRefl SpectTran SpecTran SpecRefl SpecRefl SpecRefl History Emitted Emitted Emitted Emitted Emitted Emitted 4 45596e 006 3 481 72e 006 3 11351e 006 2 19656e 006 1 88524e 007 3 53346e 006 2 68699e 006 3 20043e 007 2 937 76e 006 4 88121e 007 3 61211e 007 7 02031e 007 3 37689e 006 2 98835e 007 2 63376e 006 2 45684e 007 2 44052e 006 2 31527e 006 2 19644e 006 2 86506e 006 2 71801e 006 47 0439 41 1026 122 539 53 3789 41 0531 216 454 158 391 195 14 108 693 55 9804 230 467 170 495 73 2752 201 123 179 215 153 759 45 0093 52 5661 221 368 256 347 64 1318 Y Pos 124 585 204 265 208 231 162 331 65 4181 51 5055 18 4435 30 3904 4 07051 6 11751 51 2741 21 2158 239 119 20 4542 14 5989 39 0203 267 009 136 955 166 651 65 5408 120 012 2 Pos 63 5994 174 818 259 251 109 693 20 5214 206 602 94 0012 153 4
64. xamples E Conical Hole Example txt ee Ee ee eee ee eee cee aes 4 racePro replile Property Data 2 File Name C Program FilesiLambda Research CorporationsTraceProsTracePro mdb 3 TracePro Release 330 Database version 330 5 Data generated at 11 36 23 March 11 2005 L gt Le 7 Name Conical Hole Example E Catalog Default 9 Description Geometry 11 Tile Type 12 Vary Row Bump_Typ Parameter 15 Width x 0 25 16 Width 0 25 User Data ed el h 4 Oo 19 End Radiu Depth Heic Cone Angl Charnfer H Charmfer Angle deg 0 1 0 03 0 0 02 S0 PI PBI bo eI RI M RI bo fd Conical Hole Example jal FIGURE 9 15 The Conical Hole Example RepTile property exported text file after opening in Excel 10 Fill in the End Radius column increasing the value by 0 001 with each additional row until you get to 0 2 You can do this quickly by putting the formula A20 001 in cell A21 then copying cell A21 down to fill in all the values 11 Copy the other columns down until you fill in the table Figure 9 16 shows the first few rows and the last few rows of the completed Conical Hole Example txt file TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 13 Examples 9 14 E Conical Hole Example txt Jol E EE 1 TraceFro Reptile Property Data 2 File Name C Program FilesiLambda Research CorporationiTraceProTracePro mdb 3 TraceFro Release 330 Database version 330 5 Data ge
65. y Mode Start Ray 1 Pos 1 1 134 925 Z 1 47 0439 wavelength Object Observation disk Front Type History Emitted Inside St Surface Reflector FIGURE 9 74 Example Ray History Table for the Reflector Inside surface TracePro 4 1 User s Manual 9 69 Examples 9 70 Example using multiple exit surfaces In this example we will start with the eliprefl oml model and modify it so that it has multiple exit surfaces This example will show the true power of reverse ray tracing We will first make one small exit surface apply all needed properties to it then perform a Move Copy to make several exit surfaces It is important to apply the properties before doing Move Copy to avoid having to re apply the properties to each new object First open the eliprefl oml model Then delete the Observation disk object To do this 1 Select Edit Select Object or click the Select Object toolbar button to turn on the object selection tool 2 Select the Observation disk object as shown in Figure 9 75 3 Press the Delete key on your keyboard or select Edit Cut or type lt Ctrl X gt The object is now deleted Select File SaveAs and save the model with a new name e g eliprefl_ multiexit oml f1 Model eliprefl_multiexit Quartz Bulb Fl Electrodes E y Are Edge E Front E Back Entity 4 Cylicone Material From lt None gt i Material name None E y Reflector SOUE FIGURE 9 75
66. ying Importance Sampling to a Diffracting Surface 1 Select the spherical shell object and rotate it about the aperture center by a small angle say one degree a Select the shell object and open the Rotate dialog by selecting Edit Object Rotate b Rotate the object about x axis and enter an angle of one degree c Leave the rotation point at 0 0 0 and press Apply That causes the spheri cal source to produce rays that focus at a point one degree below the observation box 2 Redo the raytrace and irradiance map to see how this change affects the amount of light incident on the exit surface You might see no incident rays on your exit surface 3 Make an importance sampling target for the diffraction surface that is coincident with the Exit Surface forces TracePro to trace a ray onto the exit surface a To apply importance sampling to the diffracting surface first select the dif fracting surface the one lying in the z 0 plane and open the Apply Prop erties dialog Select the Importance Sampling tab then press the Add button to make a target with the following properties 9 26 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual Aperture Diffraction Example Target Center X 0 0 X 0 0 Z 1000 Normal Vector X 0 0 X 0 0 Z 1 0 Up Vector X 0 0 X 1 0 Z 0 0 Target Size X width 1 0 Y width 1 0 b Click Apply These properties have defined the exit surface as an impor tance target of the diffracting surface 4
67. ysis set volume flux results filename FILENAME OL ON A 9 30 TracePro 4 1 User s Manual Volume Flux Calculations Example To retrieve the user input values analysis get volume flux corner 1 analysis get volume flux corner 2 analysis get volume flux cells analysis get volume flux results filename To perform the volume flux calculations analysis volume flux The scheme macro outlined in Figure 9 29 was used to perform repeated raytraces The random number seed was changed before each raytrace ensuring a different set of rays At the conclusion of the raytrace the volume flux calculations were updated ey YolumeFluxCalcs scm The WinScheme Editor J iol x File Edit Search Evaluate Options Window Help D k seel lel alel S 2 mik define run volume tux lambda raytrace set orid pattern random 1000 0 001 raytrace set random seed 3 analysis set volume fhix corner 1 position 11 11 3 5 5 analysis set volume flix cormer 2 position 11 11 14 555 analysis set volume flix cells 1 1 90 3 analysis set volume flix results Hlename CV olumeFluzkesults out do GCount 1 Count lji gt Count 1000000 Count 3 print Counti raytrace grid raytrace set random seed 1 raytrace get random seed analysis volume tfhix Line 13 VolumeFluxCales sem 8 14 2000 1 06pm FIGURE 9 29 Example Scheme macro used to perform repeated raytraces and volume flux c

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents

162820 Petra - Petra Electric    Master Schedule Maintenance User Manual Version 1.4  Trendnet TEW-436BRM router    English - Siqura  Akustisches Funk-Einparksystem mit LC-Display Acoustic  10ページ  Avaya 201B User's Manual  Durable TELEPHONE CLEAN box  

Copyright © All rights reserved. Failed to retrieve file