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PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide

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1. item Icon Description 1 Printer 2 Edit Mode 3 Detector Add 4 Pipe Add 5 Hole Add 6 Capillary Add 7 Endcap Add 8 Outline Add 9 Label Add 10 Burner Add 11 Automatic Hole Add 12 Pipe 1 Selector 74 Prints the current page to the printer specified in the Print Setup dialog box Enters Edit mode Pipes may be lengthened by dragging on their ends Double clicking an object opens Edit dialog box where the object attributes can be changed Adds detector to the layout at the mouse position Typically the detector position is set first in a layout Note that only one detector per layout is permitted Adds a pipe to the layout A pipe is drawn by dragging the mouse until the desired length is reached as displayed in the Toolbar Status Indicator located at the bottom left of the PipeCAD interface Adds a hole to any pipe A hole is added by clicking on a pipe The current settings in the Default Hole Sizes Menu are used Note that there is a limit of 25 holes per pipe run Adds a capillary to a pipe A capillary is added by clicking on a pipe Adds an end cap to the end of a pipe to end the current pipe run An end cap is added by clicking the end of the pipe Note that an end cap must be placed on the end of each pipe prior to performing flow calculations Draws the room outline for the pipe layout The outline is drawn in a color that is different than the color of th
2. Environmental conditions Factors which affect the environment within the space to be protected have a very significant bearing on the particular sampling method employed to protect it During the initial site survey care should be taken to note the following details which are examples and not meant to be all inclusive How is ventilation achieved within the space In which direction does the airflow Is a void used as a feed or return air plenum Is the air conditioned heated cooled or humidified or filtered If so what standard is the filtration What is the number of air changes per hour If mechanical ventilation is employed what are the patterns of air movement If these are not known they can be determined using a small smoke generator Does the ventilation quickly dissipate the smoke or does it circulate in stratified flow paths Are there any points within the area where the airflow appears static Is make up fresh air introduced into the ventilation system If so at what rate is it introduced Where is the fresh air drawn from Is the air filtered and to what standard If there is a real risk of polluted air entering the area consideration must be given to installing a reference detector to reduce unwanted effects Does the area rely on natural ventilation If so what are the sources of the natural air Is there the possibility that external pollution could enter the space particularly when there are variations in the p
3. Inserting the room outline Click the Outline Add icon see Figure 34 on page 74 on the toolbar or click Draw gt Outline to begin drawing the outline See Figure 43 on page 91 90 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 8 Designing the layout Figure 43 Inserting the room outline HF 1 00 ft In Figure 43 above the outline of a building has been drawn by dragging a series of straight lines shown in green The line is not finalized until the mouse button is released so adjustments can be made to length while drawing When the button is released the drawn line becomes a drawing object The position of the mouse cursor shows that a line is now being drawn The indicator at the bottom left of the screen shows the current length of the drawn line so that lengths are kept accurate In this example the snap grid is set to 1 foot spacing so the lengths of all lines are exact multiples of 1 foot Once the Plan view is drawn the full three dimension layout can be added The first step is to select the three dimensional view and locate the position of the detector Showing the room outline in three dimensions To change to a three dimension view click View gt Three Dimensional The three dimensional view may be in an awkward position to edit but it can be moved by entering Edit mode In Edit mode drag to create a dotted line around the drawing Ensure that all lines have turned from green to red and Shi
4. Inserting sample holes The next stage is to add the sampling holes To add holes manually click Draw gt Hole Select the pipe button corresponding to the pipe that you wish to add the hole to and click to place the sampling hole on the pipe If desired there is an easier method of placing sampling holes on the pipes Auto Sampling Hole Add lets you specify the position of the first hole from the detector and the spacing of holes thereafter Click View gt Pipe schedule For pipe 1 the information shown in Figure 50 on page 97 appears 96 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 8 Designing the layout Figure 50 Pipe schedule report yj ty a Bt Pipe section Length 42 5 82 0 w N 14 standard pipe lengths will be required 15 pipe clips will be required to fasten the pipe run using standard pipe clip spacing This pipe run has 0 endcap This pipe run has 3 bends This pipe run has 10 sockets The total pipe run length is 131 ft The total pipe length is 489 ft It can be seen that the main pipe run Pipe section 3 begins 49 ft from the detector and runs for 82 ft It would seem convenient to make the first hole at 52 ft and additional holes every 6 5 ft after that To do this click Options gt Auto Hole Add The Auto Hole Placement dialog box opens as shown in Figure 51 Figure 51 Auto Hole Placement dialog box xi Hole type Distance to first 52 tt pat do hole from det
5. The chart shown in Table 1 on page 20 shows a range of applications and some considerations as to the appropriate sampling method for these applications Four sampling methods are provided as options and are discussed in the following sections Note Table 1 on page 20 is provided only as a general guide for assistance in choosing a sampling method It is not intended as a definitive statement as to the appropriate sampling method for these applications Each site has unique considerations that must be taken into account when selecting a sampling method The designer must use the information gained during the site survey as the determining factor in the final choice of sampling method PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 19 Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling system Table 1 Recommended sampling methods for various applications Application Standard Method Return Return Air Grill Capillary Air Duct Method Method Method Below In Ceiling Above Within Across air Concealed Drop Pipe In Cabinet Ceiling or Floor cabinet Duct return ic chambers 5 o HA H gt g a z g v fan gt a 4 BYE ale g aie S g x e w E ka S bas H 2 2 ee Ooo ae Lo a Eee E a Smoking areas i i Cable tunnels i Churches Cathedrals ie Cleanrooms aed Freezers sa Control rooms EANA Dormitories ar ae Equipment enclosures ie Flight simulators a Historic buildings HF Manufacturing f
6. 106 The worst sensitivity figure in the pipe results is for hole number 65 at 0 79 obs ft per bar Multiplying this by eight gives a Fire 1 Alarm sensitivity of 6 32 Assuming a worst case acceptable per hole sensitivity of 5 obs ft this is outside the allowable range and is unacceptable A higher detector sensitivity could be set in the Hole Calculation Options dialog box to see what the effect of a more sensitive setting would be In Hole Calculation Options we specified a worst case maximum smoke transit time of 60 seconds The transit times for all holes fall well within 60 seconds so this requirement has been met Notice that Aspirator speed has been set to 16 which is the maximum settable speed for a four pipe detector If desired the aspirator speed can be decreased slightly by clicking Options gt Aspirator speed from the menu and selecting a lower value from the drop down list A recalculation can then be performed with Options gt Calculate gt Calculate The balance between sampling pipes is 99 8 which is above the minimum requirement specified in the Hole Calculation Options dialog box Figure 60 Example of a layout verification Hole number Hole size Flow Flow percentage Transit time Hole sensitivity ins liter min seconds obsit 56 964 1 46 5 5 24 0 67 7 9 64 145 5 4 26 0 68 58 9 64 1 42 5 3 3 1 0 69 59 9 64 141 5 2 3 3 0 70 60 964 1 38 5 2 3 9 0 71 61 9 64 1 34 5 0 5 0 0 73 62 5 32 148 5 5 78 0 66
7. Chapter 4 Installation of piping Refer to Figure 30 on page 56 for an overview of the return air duct sampling method Figure 30 Return air duct sampling method 1 Calculated sampling holes facing airflow spaced every 4 in 10 2 cm 2 Closed end cap 3 Exhaust tube dimension X must extend 2 in 5 1 cm minimum into the duct 4 Airtight rubber grommet or equivalent 5 Airflow Return air grill sampling installation Return air grill sampling systems are designed with sampling pipes centered in the front of the return air grill Sampling holes should be spaced so that a minimum of three holes is used for each grill Larger grills require more sampling holes The sampling holes should be at 90 degrees to the airflow with a closed end pipe capped Refer to Figure 31 below for an overview of the air grill sampling method Figure 31 Air grill sampling method al i gt 5 6 4 1 Return air grill 4 Side view 2 Airflow 5 Sampling pipe centered on grill 3 Sampling holes face 90 degree to the 6 Front view airflow 56 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 4 Installation of piping Review of recommended pipe installation practices The points listed below provide a summary of the most important guidelines to bear in mind before beginning sampling pipe installation Always wear eye and ear protection and follow all job site safety requirements Always u
8. Click Draw gt Edit to enter Edit mode Select hole 4 as shown in Figure 54 below Figure 54 Selecting hole 4 A Zoe AY T p 7 Pressing the Del key deletes the sampling hole and renumbers the remaining holes as shown in Figure 55 below Figure 55 Deleting hole 4 Next click Draw gt Capillary Click the pipe where the deleted hole was The snap grid ensures that the correct spacing is maintained PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 99 Chapter 8 Designing the layout Figure 56 Adding a capillary The capillary has now been added For a sampling hole the only relevant parameters are the hole diameter and its coordinates Capillary sampling points have the additional property of length which can be edited in Edit mode This completes the pipe layout design phase The final phase is to use PipeCAD to analyze and verify the layout Refer to Chapter 9 Verifying the layout on page 101 for more information Note Remember to save your file often when designing a layout In addition making a backup copy of your file is highly recommended 100 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 9 Verifying the layout Summary This chapter explains how verification of the pipe layout is performed in PipeCAD pipe modeling software including the options that you can set Content Introduction 102 Considerations 102 What happens during calculation 102 Entering calculation options 10
9. Note that this option is the default setting and is appropriate for most scenarios Max permissible transit time Select this option when transit time is the most critical aspect The flows are balanced as with the Best Flow Balance option but when this is accomplished the transit time is checked to make sure that it is within the required limit When the transit time is outside the set limit the hole sizes are adjusted to decrease the transit time After the calculation type is selected click Options to continue Selecting calculation options Clicking Options opens the Hole Calculation Options dialog box as shown in Figure 58 on page 104 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 103 Chapter 9 Verifying the layout Figure 58 Hole calculation options dialog box x Balance min limit 95 00 Change hole size by 0 02 in Min hole size 7 64 in Max hole size 144 in Max transit time 60 00 Secs Detector sensitivity 0 09 Obsitt Type Nano Cancel Help Balance min limit This is used for best flow balance type calculations and specifies how closely the sampling pipes should match each other in total airflow rate the minimum percentage of balance that must be achieved by the flow calculations A closely balanced system gives the best results If this balance cannot be achieved a warning is displayed Change hole size by PipeCAD automatically adjusts hole sizes to give the best flow balance
10. This may not always be practical particularly when using capillary sampling point techniques 38 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 4 Installation of piping Summary This chapter provides information about the installation of piping Content Introduction 40 CPVC piping installations 40 Chemical exposure 40 Product handling and storage 40 Product ratings and capabilities 41 Thermal expansion 41 Solvent cementing procedures 41 Cutting 41 Deburring andreaming 42 Fitting preparation 42 Solvent cement application 43 Assembly 43 Hangers and supports 45 Examples of UL Listed hangers and supports 46 Recommended method for securing CPVC sample pipe vertically 47 Design criteria 47 Penetrating fire rated walls and partitions 48 Earthquake bracing 48 Recommended cut in procedures 48 Pipework 49 Drilling and calibrating sample holes in pipe 50 Noisy sampling ports 52 Installation of other sampling methods 53 Capillary sampling installation 53 Return air duct sampling installation 55 Return air grill sampling installation 56 Review of recommended pipe installation practices 57 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 39 Chapter 4 Installation of piping Introduction This chapter contains instructions required for a proper installation of a designed pipe sampling network CPVC piping installations Our CPVC air sampling smoke detection pipe products are manufactured from specialty thermoplast
11. and to set the zoom level Figure 38 View menu v Plan Three Dimensional v Pipe 1 Pipe 2 Pipe 3 Pipe 4 All pipes y Layout Pipe schedule Drill schedule Bill Of Materials Zoom Refresh v References Point sample radius 78 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 7 Using PipeCAD Plan Three Dimensional There are two view modes to display the layout in plan or three dimensional Select one of these menu items to set the desired view mode Pipe 1 Pipe 2 Pipe 3 Pipe 4 All Pipes These menu items select which of the four possible sampling pipe runs is currently being worked on Clicking All Pipes displays all of the pipe runs simultaneously The layout cannot be edited with All Pipes selected Layout Pipe Schedule Drill Schedule Results Bill of Materials Selects whether the layout schedules or bill of materials is displayed on screen The results screen can only be displayed once the pipe calculations have been performed and results exist Zoom The on screen layout can be enlarged or reduced for ease of viewing using the dialog box opened by this command Zoom In Clicking this menu item zooms in on the layout by the prescribed amount Zoom Out Clicking this menu item zooms out from the layout by the prescribed amount Refresh Clicking this menu redraws the display screen References Clicking this item enables or disables display of the hole and pipe references This can make the viewi
12. features such as how to generate a bill of materials BOM and change part numbers part descriptions and the pricing that appears in the BOM Instructions for editing TUBE INI file to customize PipeCAD are also provided in this chapter Generating a bill of materials When a PipeCAD design is complete it automatically generates a complete bill of materials including pricing that can be viewed and printed To see the bill of materials click View gt Bill of Materials A window with the following details opens as shown in Figure 61 below The prices and part numbers for the items can be changed to reflect your own values Refer to Customizing PipeCAD on page 111 of this chapter for details Figure 61 Typical PipeCAD generated Bill of Materials Fart number Ico 208 80 24 60 os 16 30 p eena 268 32 a Ci E esses NIST Fire Dynamics Simulator FDS integration PipeCAD supports NIST s Fire Dynamics Simulator FDS allowing the complete system response time to be modeled Clicking File gt Save Fire Dynamics Simulator File saves the pipe layout in a format that can be used by FDS See the FDS Web site and application note AN014 for full details of the FDS support Note The item Save Fire Dynamics Simulator File found in the File menu is only available if FDS software has been installed on the PC running PipeCAD and flow calculations have been performed by clicking Options gt Calculate 110
13. reaching ceiling level In such cases sampling pipes should be located directly in the airflow for example in an air conditioning unit air intake Smoke tests are recommended prior to installation of pipes to assist in determination of suitable sampling point location For UL installations all sample point locations must conform to NFPA 72 requirements or those of the local AHJ PipeCAD pipe modeling software must be used to model the sampling pipe network and determine flow characteristics of each sample port See Chapter 6 Introduction to PipeCAD on page 65 for information on how to install set up and use PipeCAD software Return air duct sampling method Duct sampling generally is the most cost effective method of air sampling because the pipe runs are minimal and a single detector may be used to cover a larger area The speed of response of the detector to smoke is given by the exchange rate in the rooms ventilated by the duct ventilation system This tends to be rapid giving early warning of any smoke present This type of sampling is particularly suited to high sensitivity devices since the smoke content in the air will tend to be diluted to a level below that of point type detectors Also the relatively high airflow in the duct reduces the effectiveness of point detection devices The duct sampling method does have one major disadvantage If the ventilation becomes inoperative the airflow through the duct system ceases and
14. PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 10 Additional features Customizing PipeCAD PipeCAD has the ability to have a different startup screen default language detector names and pipe information as shown in the bill of materials This enables agents or resellers to stamp their own identity on the product The following instructions describe how to create a custom version of PipeCAD Important files Cautions TUBE INI The sections of this file that not discussed here should not be modified as this may cause incorrect operation of PipeCAD Note The file TUBE INI is required for the customizations explained below We strongly recommend that you make a backup copy of the file before you edit them TUBE INI on the installation disk contains many details about the software configuration and is where user customization of pipe information Web site address and detector names is done To modify these settings edit TUBE INI with a text editor Setting a custom Web site Clicking Help gt About in PipeCAD presents the About dialog box which shows details of program information and also a link to a Web site which customers can open from within PipeCAD The URL Internet address of this site can be modified to point to the site of the agent or reseller To specify a custom Web site 1 In a text editor locate the following text in the TUBE INI file User WebSite http www airsensetechnology com 2 Replace
15. building may cause the aerosols to dissipate and cool or a thermal inversion level may exist This is where the temperature of the air may be equal to or greater than that of the aerosols and smoke At this point the smoke will stratify and stop rising toward the sampling pipe It may take several minutes for the smoke to reach the sampling hole and when it does it still has to travel a further 328 ft 100 m before it can be registered by the detector This transport could take over an additional 100 seconds and is the only figure that can be assessed by using the PipeCAD software Recommended maximum sampling holes The recommended maximum number of sampling holes for each of the aspirating detectors is provided below e Four pipe detector 100 sampling hole maximum for 656 ft 200 m recommended maximum pipe length e Two pipe detector 50 sampling hole maximum for 330 ft 100 m recommended maximum pipe length e One pipe detector 10 sampling hole maximum for 164 ft 50 m recommended maximum pipe length Note The maximum number of calibrated sampling holes that should be drilled in a single length of sampling pipe is 25 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 31 Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling system This recommendation ensures that the sensitivity at a single hole should not be less than 1 5 obscuration per foot 5 obscuration per meter This is equivalent to the sensitivity of an average point type ioni
16. create a new project on the File menu click New to start a new pipe layout or click Fast Setup for a step by step complete setup for the new project recommended 72 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 7 Using PipeCAD Note Choosing this command automatically closes any file that is currently loaded If modifications have been made to the current file PipeCAD prompts you to save the file before closing it Opening an existing project To open an existing project 1 On the File menu click Open The Open dialog box appears See Figure 33 below 2 Select the desired file from the default working directory C pipecad or use the Windows navigation controls to browse to a different directory Filename extensions for PipeCAD layout files end in pl 3 Select the desired file and then click Open to load the project Figure 33 Open dialog box sd Look in pipecad O 2 em File name fds pl Files of type Pipe layouts pl 7 Cancel Overview of the PipeCAD toolbar The toolbar see Figure 34 on page 74 contains shortcuts for the most commonly used PipeCAD menu commands PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 73 Chapter 7 Using PipeCAD Figure 34 The PipeCAD toolbar File Edit Draw View Options Help N Egma aA 1 2 1 3 4 x ala 1 2 3 4 6 8 Table 6 PipeCAD toolbar 7 8 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
17. efficiency Caution PipeCAD is intended as a design aid and cannot take into account other factors that can affect system performance such as air pressure differentials which typically exist in buildings which use air handling equipment Please contact our Technical Support department if in doubt about any aspects of system design 2 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 1 General information About the sampling pipe network The sampling pipe network extends into the protected areas and is arranged to allow strategically placed sampling holes to properly sample the air in these areas The sampling pipe is typically made up of 3 4 inch pipe The design and installation chapters of this manual contain detailed information on the construction and design of the air sampling pipe network PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 1 General information 4 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 2 Applications Summary This chapter provides information about different applications for sampling pipework Content Selecting asampling method 6 Telephone central offices 6 Computer rooms 6 Clean rooms 7 Atriums 7 Office areas 7 Museums 8 Warehouse storage 8 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 2 Applications Selecting a sampling method Before you attempt to design an air sampling network it is important that you understand some important
18. from the nearest hole in design Example B PipeCAD modeling shows that the difference is 40 seconds The reason for this limitation is that it takes a finite time for the aspirating fan to draw air from the furthest point of the sampling pipes Using the experience drawn from installations performed when high sensitivity smoke detection systems were a relatively new technology performance standards have been devised for the testing of HSSD systems A range of test procedures has subsequently been devised to suit almost every possible application where HSSD would prove effective For all of the tests except those where large volumes of hot smoke aerosols are produced a period of 120 seconds is allowed after the smoke generation equipment is stopped for the detector to show a response The time allowed for the smoke generation equipment to operate would be between one and three minutes Therefore the total time allowed between the start of the performance test and a definite HSSD system response would be between three and five minutes The 120 seconds is the allowance for smoke to travel from the most distant sampling hole back to the detector and for the detector to register the smoke The remainder of the test time period is available for the smoke to reach the sampling hole PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 29 Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling system Figure 10 Keeping the sampling pipe lengths as short as possi
19. information on how to use the PipeCAD pipe modeling software The application often dictates the sampling method to be used The following list of typical applications can be used as a guideline for sampling method selection e Telephone central offices e Computer rooms e Clean rooms e Atriums e Office areas e Museums e Warehouse storage Each of these applications is discussed in detail below Telephone central offices A distributed sampling pipe network combined with return air grill sampling is recommended for telephone central offices If the offices have cable trays above the equipment racks two levels of distributed pipe network sampling are recommended One level of extended sampling points would be at ceiling level and a second level would be below the cable trays just above the equipment racks The two levels can be designed in two ways One option is to run a main pipe above the ceiling with drilled sample holes into the pipe for the first level and extended sampling points dropped down below the cable tray for the second level Another option is to install a second level of piping below the cable trays In either case a second detector is required if the length of pipe exceeds the detector s limit refer to Recommended maximum pipe length on page 28 Computer rooms A distributed sampling pipe network or return air grill sampling is recommended for computer room applications A distributed pipe network ca
20. make sure that the pipe is cut square a miter box must be used when using a saw Cutting the pipe as squarely as possible provides the surface of the pipe with a maximum bonding area Figure 15 Using the appropriate pipe cutting tools P Deburring and reaming Burrs and filings can prevent contact between pipe and fitting during assembly and must be removed from the outside and the inside of the pipe A chamfering tool or file is suitable for this purpose A slight bevel should be placed at the end of the pipe to ease entry of the pipe into the socket and minimize the chances of wiping solvent cement from the fitting Figure 16 Removing burrs and filings from outside and inside of the pipe Fitting preparation Using a clean dry rag wipe loose dirt and moisture from the fitting socket and pipe end Moisture can slow the cure time and at this stage of assembly excessive water can reduce joint strength Prior to assembly all piping system components should be inspected for damage or irregularities Mating components should be checked to assure that tolerances and engagements are compatible Do not use any components that appear irregular or do not fit properly Contact the appropriate manufacturer of the component product in question to determine usability Check the dry fit of the pipe and fitting The pipe should enter the fitting socket easily 25 to 75 of the way If the pipe bottoms in the fitting with little interfer
21. sampling hole relative to the actual detector sensitivity Type The type of detector to be used It is very important that the detector type is set correctly to ensure that the calculated flows and sensitivity are correct After all options have been specified press OK to save the settings and return to the Calculate dialog box Performing calculations In the Calculate dialog box click Calculate to start the verification process The calculations will take a few moments Note Before clicking Calculate verify that Pipe 1 has been selected for view in the layout by clicking the Pipe1 button on the toolbar or by clicking View gt Pipe 1 Viewing calculation results Click View gt Results to view the calculation results Refer to Figure 59 on page 106 for a typical results report Note Calculation results are easier to view in the Whole Page zoom mode Click View gt Zoom to select the Whole Page view PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 105 Chapter 9 Verifying the layout Figure 59 Typical results report 0 12 22 7 The balance between sampling holes is 10 1 The balance between sampling pipes is 100 0 Flow rate for this pipe is 44 10 Iters per minute with the aspirator set to 8 The total flow rate ts 44 10 ters per minute Detector sensitivity is set to 0 09 obs N in the hole caicutation options The detector type is HSSD 2 There are 12 holes on this pipe run excluding the endcap hole Th
22. sensitivity and probability of an unwanted alarm are totally uncontrolled The authorized distributor sets the sensitivity of the detector by selecting a known probability of a nuisance alarm from one of nine ranges alarm factors thereafter the sensitivity of the detector is continuously adjusted by ClassiFire to maintain this probability of nuisance alarm If an alarm factor were chosen that had a probability of nuisance alarm of say once per year the sensitivity of the detector would be maintained at a high level Conversely should no nuisance alarms be acceptable an alarm factor giving a probability of say once in 1 000 years would be chosen The sensitivity of the detector would then be automatically maintained at a considerably lower level Other major benefits of relative scaling Most aspirating smoke detectors use particle or dust filters to prevent unwanted dust particles from the sampled air from reaching the detector As a filter gets contaminated it actually becomes more efficient and prevents progressively smaller and smaller particles from entering the detector Eventually it can stop virtually all smoke particles without noticeably inhibiting the airflow When an absolutely scaled detector is first installed it is running at a known sensitivity typically around 0 0274 obs ft 0 1 obs m This level of sensitivity is however highly dependent on the filter efficiency For example if a soiled filter is removing 50 of th
23. the current Web site URL with the desired Web site URL Note The prefix http must appear before the address or the Web link feature will not work 3 If no WebSite entry exists type the string below the User section 4 Save TUBE INI Setting a custom startup logo LOGO BMP contains the startup logo This file can be replaced with any standard Windows bitmap graphic The startup window is sized to the bitmap therefore any bitmap size can be used Note The filename LOGO BMP should be used as this is the default name PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 111 Chapter 10 Additional features Setting custom pipe details All pipe fittings and accessories can be stored under their part numbers as shown in the example below To modify part descriptions 1 Using a text editor locate the following text in the TUBE INI file Descriptions 10900 Pipe length 3m red 10906 90 deg elbow red 10908 Socket red 10925 Standard sampling point assembly 10927 End cap red 10930 Pipe clip red 2 Inthe Descriptions section change the descriptive text for each associated number as desired 3 Save TUBE INI To modify part numbers 1 Using a text editor locate the following text in the TUBE INI file Supplier part numbers 10900 10900 10906 10906 10908 10908 10925 10925 10927 10927 10930 10930 2 Inthe Supplier part numbers section chang
24. the screen shows the current Z and X coordinates of the mouse pointer We will use this to locate the detector We will use the three dimensional coordinates shown in the above example as a reference 92 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 8 Designing the layout Placing the detector in the outline We know that the Z and Y scales increase from the top of the screen to the bottom Assuming that we wish the detector to be approximately halfway along the left hand wall 10 feet up the detector must have coordinates X 210 0 Y 16 0 subtracting 10 feet from the wall s Y1 coordinate and Z 135 0 Since the wall is approximately 100 feet long we need to add 50 feet to the wall s Z1 coordinate Figure 45 Placing the detector in the outline PipeCAD C AMPAC PIPE manual outline pi _ lt loj xj Ele Edit Draw View Options Help S eZ Tieole Al 1213 4 E 2 64 0 41 0 l l _ CAPS NUM A It is easier to place the detector in the Plan view Click View gt Plan Once in Plan view click Draw gt Detector and move the mouse pointer until the coordinate display reads 210 0 135 0 Click to place the detector into the outline It appears as a blue square Note Switching to plan view has moved part of the outline off the grid but it can be dragged and dropped to move it again if necessary Having placed the detector in two dimensions we need to locate it accurately in
25. the third Entering edit mode and double clicking the detector opens the Detector Properties dialog box as shown in Figure 46 on page 94 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 93 Chapter 8 Designing the layout Figure 46 Editing the detector properties x x y z 210 es fi35 Type Nano a ae You can see that although the X and Z coordinates are correct the Y height coordinate is incorrect Enter 16 in the Y box The detector coordinates are now correct Click OK to save the coordinates and close the dialog box Inserting the sampling pipes Once the detector is in place we can start to add the sampling pipes Select the three dimensional view again with View gt Three Dimensional The pipes are drawn one at a time on separate screens one for each pipe At the top of the screen is a row of five numbered icons as shown in Figure 47 below Figure 47 View pipe icons 1 2 3 4 xX These icons relate to the pipe number being worked on There is a separate view for each pipe to avoid confusion Drawing editing and viewing results is performed on a single pipe at a time The rightmost icon in Figure 47 All Pipes View can be selected to show the view for all pipes simultaneously Pipes cannot be added or edited and results cannot be viewed while All Pipes is selected Sampling pipes are drawn in the same way as the building outline by drawing a series of straight lines All pipes must origi
26. times Three Dimensional Clicking this item sets up a three dimensional view of the layout in which the Plan view becomes the horizontal plane in an isometric view and points are specified in three coordinates X width left right Y height up down Z depth diagonally at 45 degrees PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 87 Chapter 8 Designing the layout Creating the design When creating a layout it is recommended that the following objects be added in order 1 Building outline 2 Detector 3 Pipes 4 End caps sampling holes and capillaries Using the optional Fast setup If room details are unimportant Fast setup is a very quick way of generating an aspirating smoke detector layout Click File gt Fast setup to begin You are prompted to enter the length width and height of the protected area A three dimensional room outline is automatically created You are then prompted for the height of the detector above the floor and prompted in Plan view to place the detector At each stage when Fast setup is reselected you are prompted for the next stage of the system design Fast setup ends by calculating the results Importing an AutoCAD DXF file Although only vertical and horizontal lines can be drawn with PipeCAD more complicated outlines can be drawn in a CAD package saved as an industry standard AutoCAD DXF file and then imported into PipeCAD Using File gt Open open the Files of Type dr
27. 100 Recommended maximum pipe length The recommended maximum aggregate pipe lengths for the detectors are provided below For best system performance the designer should aim to use several shorter lengths of sampling pipe rather than a single longer length e Maximum pipe length 656 ft 200 m for four pipe detector e Maximum pipe length 330 ft 100 m for two pipe detector e Maximum pipe length 164 ft 50 m for one pipe detector As an example the maximum length of pipe connected to the four inlet ports of a four pipe detector is 656 ft 200 m with a maximum single pipe length of 330 ft 100 m 28 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling system Possible configurations are e 4x 164 ft 50 m lengths 656 ft 200 m maximum pipe length e 3x 213 ft 65 m lengths 639 ft 195 m maximum pipe length e 2x 328 ft 100 m lengths 656 ft 200 m maximum pipe length Figure 10 on page 30 shows two illustrations of the same room with sampling holes detectors spaced to give the maximum area coverage recommended Example A shows a detector using a single pipe with a total length of 190 ft 58 m Example B shows a detector using three pipes the longest being 92 ft 28 m Should an incident occur in the position shown then the time taken for the smoke to travel from the closest sampling hole in design Example A would be at least twice as long as
28. 2 Selecting calculation type 102 Selecting calculation options 103 Performing calculations 105 Viewing calculation results 105 Interpreting calculation results 106 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 101 Chapter 9 Verifying the layout Introduction This chapter explains how verification of the pipe layout is performed in PipeCAD pipe modeling software including the options that you can set Considerations The main considerations when designing an aspirating smoke detector layout are per hole sensitivity and smoke transport time For example a smoke transport time must not exceed more than 120 seconds from the farthest sampling hole from the detector What happens during calculation PipeCAD s process of verifying the layout is explained below 1 The pipe run must be an unbroken chain of pipes starting at the detector and finishing at the end cap The first thing that occurs when calculating is to check the entered pipe run to see that it is valid If it is not valid an error message is displayed and the calculations are not carried out 2 If the pipe run is valid the calculation moves to the next phase exploding the pipe run into sections each with a pipe length and hole Each section then has flow calculations performed on it 3 The calculations are completed next The results are now checked against the required limits and if necessary the calculation phase is repeated with new hole sizes un
29. 27 x 8 0 22 obs ft or 0 1 m x 8 0 8 obs m If the number of sampling holes was then doubled the apparent sensitivity of each hole would be halved that is 0 027 x 16 0 43 obs ft or 0 1 m x 16 1 6 obs m This may seem like a disadvantage but while the sensitivity of each hole has been reduced the likelihood is that smoke will enter more than one hole 32 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling system Figure 13 Example of a room with 16 sampling holes In this example smoke has entered three sampling holes and the apparent sensitivity is 0 027 x 16 divided by 3 0 14 obs ft or 0 1 m x 16 divided by 3 0 53 obs m The total system is more sensitive even though there are more and fewer sensitive sampling holes However this is theoretical only In reality the density of aerosols rising in a smoke plume or being transported by a mechanical ventilation plant is unlikely to be homogenous The density will vary moment by moment and the response of the aspirating detector will be to whatever density happens to reach the sampling holes at a particular time The detector response may not accurately reflect what is actually happening at the source of the smoke and aerosols Varying static pressure An air sampling pipe system and aspirating detector should not be installed in areas where the ambient pressure is positive relative to the ambient pressure surrounding
30. 63 316 1 30 4 9 8 2 0 75 64 532 144 5 3 9 3 0 69 65 3 16 1 25 4 6 10 5 0 79 66 5 32 140 5 2 10 9 0 70 67 11 64 1 60 6 0 114 0 61 68 1164 1 57 5 8 13 7 0 62 70 1164 1 54 5 7 16 5 0 64 69 7 32 1 26 4 7 17 3 0 78 103 14 5 55 20 7 18 4 0 18 The balance between sampling holes is 71 1 The balance between sampling pipes is 99 3 Flow rate for this pipe is 26 90 liters per minute with the aspirator set to 16 The total flow tate is 107 50 liters per minute Detector sensitivity is set to 0 01 obs flin the hole calculation options The detector type is Micra 100 There are 0 holes on this pipe run excluding the endcap hole There are 15 capillaries on this pipe run This pipe run length is 45 00 feet The total pipe length is 203 00 feet PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 107 Chapter 9 Verifying the layout 108 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 10 Additional features Summary This chapter discusses some additional PipeCAD features such as how to generate a bill of materials BOM and change part numbers part descriptions and the pricing that appears in the BOM Content Introduction 110 Generating a bill of materials 110 NIST Fire Dynamics Simulator FDS integration 110 Customizing PipeCAD 111 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 109 Chapter 10 Additional features Introduction This chapter discusses some additional PipeCAD pipe modeling software
31. PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide P N 9 14509 EN REV 02 ISS 23JUL12 Copyright Manufacturer Contact information UTC Fire and Security All rights reserved Kidde Products Limited Unit 2 Blair Way Dawdon City Seaham County Durham SR7 7PP United Kingdom Telephone 44 0 191 513 6100 Fax 44 0 191 513 6102 For contact information see www airsensetechnology com Content Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Important information iii Safety summary iv General information 1 Introduction 2 System description 2 About PipeCAD modeling software 2 About the sampling pipe network 3 Applications 5 Selecting a sampling method 6 Telephone central offices 6 Computer rooms 6 Clean rooms 7 Atriums 7 Office areas 7 Museums 8 Warehouse storage 8 Designing an air sampling system 9 Introduction 10 Regulatory requirements 10 Planning the air sampling network 10 Surveying the site 14 Installation of piping 39 Introduction 40 CPVC piping installations 40 Design criteria 47 Installation of other sampling methods 53 Review of recommended pipe installation practices 57 System commissioning 59 Introduction 60 Precommissioning preparation 60 Ambient monitoring 61 Airflow test 61 Transport time verification 61 Gross smoke testing 61 Introduction to PipeCAD 65 Introduction 66 Features 66 Considerations 67 PipeCAD System Design a
32. acilities Ea i Museums Art galleries a Power stations a fo Prisons sl Supermarkets ca EAn E ea EE Telecommunications t oe ei eso E it es eee Oooo Ss a ss as ss E ze me ae O7 ad E r E EE E Ooo e Pa i Warehouses KEY Most effective or appropriate O Less effective or appropriate Most effective but requires special provisions Standard pipe sampling method A standard pipe sampling network is a distributed network of pipes that extends into the protected area with strategically located sampling holes for drawing air into the system The pipe network should be designed to meet the needs of a specific installation in order to provide optimal coverage for the protected area 20 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling system Capillary sampling method Capillary sampling points are plastic pipe network fittings designed for drop ceiling installations The sample point is connected to the pipe network by 3 8 in 9 5 mm capillary tubing and is predrilled with a 1 32 in 0 8 mm sample hole Note that a 2 mm hole size 5 64 in is the smallest hole that PipeCAD uses in pipe network calculations Always locate the sampling points in a position to which smoke may reasonably be expected to travel For example ceiling sampling points may not sample satisfactorily if airflow prevents the cool smoke from an incipient fire from
33. air intake to A C systems and not at ceiling mounted sampling points e Be aware that areas of differing air pressures may give unreliable or incorrect data Areas employing close control air conditioning such as computer environments with underfloor and room areas may have significant air pressure differentials between different parts of the protected area In extreme circumstances the suction generated by any aspirating detection system may not be sufficient to draw air to the detection chamber e Verify the system test method before undertaking design offer and installation Acceptance criteria for the project may determine a greater or lesser quantity of detectors The designer will require scaled drawings or plans of the area for this process If these are not available basic drawings will need to be produced from the information recorded during the site survey The primary objective in mapping the sampling pipe network is to decide the location of sampling holes to achieve the performance required and also to satisfy the requirements of any code standard or regulation applicable to the installation The secondary objective is to determine the optimum position for the detector PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 23 Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling system While attempting to achieve maximum coverage the designer should attempt to minimize the overall length of sampling pipe required and to maintain a min
34. ansit time is longer than required try increasing the aspirator speed above the factory default setting of 8 if applicable or recalculate for maximum allowable transit time PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 85 Chapter 8 Designing the layout 8 Manual editing of hole sizes is permitted in the results screen Double click a hole and a dialog box opens Flows are recalculated every time a hole size is changed Setting preferences Zoom options To set the desired magnification click View gt Zoom or use the toolbar icons The following dialog box opens see Figure 41 below Figure 41 Zoom dialog box a Magnification Page width C 600 C 500 Whole page C 400 C 300 C 200 C 100 Custom Magnification Click the desired page magnification in percent Page Width Fits the view to the width of the page Whole Page Fits the view to the entire page recommended Snap grid options Room outlines and sampling pipes are drawn as a series of straight lines The snap grid ensures that drawn objects are fully controlled in their length To draw an object the left mouse button is held down anchoring the start of the new line to the nearest grid intersection and the mouse cursor is dragged on the screen When the left mouse button is released the end point snaps to the nearest grid intersection To set the snap grid parameters click Options gt Snap Grid The following dialog bo
35. between pipes and between holes on the pipes This value determines the minimum step in hole size by which the software can adjust the hole sizes when making calculations the amount that each hole size can be modified each time a flow calculation is performed Set this to match your drill sizes Min and Max hole sizes These are the smallest and largest sizes that a hole can be set to when trying to balance the hole flows These may be specified in relevant documentation or specifications Max transit time This is the maximum allowable transit time when calculating using a maximum permissible transit time type calculation The hole sizes are increased if necessary to try to reduce the transit time If the required transit time cannot be achieved a warning is displayed 104 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 9 Verifying the layout Detector sensitivity This is the sensitivity of the main detector fire alarm This varies depending on the cleanliness of the protected area Unless you are able to leave a detector in the protected area for 24 hours to assess this the value included here must be a best estimate based on experience The default value of 0 1 m should be adequate for nonsmoking office areas and clean rooms This entry may be set to the value indicated on the histogram viewer or the detector self test after the detector has completed its FastLearn process so that the sensitivity can be shown at each
36. ble cae ae a 65 6 ft 20 m pe re lee ft 20 m Figure 11 on page 31 shows two distances that must be considered when designing a sampling pipe network In a typical small room 1 292 ft 2 120 m being monitored by a single detector the distance between the smoke source and the last sampling hole L1 is short Relatively little thermal energy would be required to lift the smoke up to the sampling hole and the time taken for it to travel distance L1 would be brief As the room is small the length of the sampling pipe L2 would also be short and the time between smoke entering the last hole and it being registered by the detector would also be brief 30 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling system Figure 11 Distances that affect the performance of an aspirating system 1 Sampling pipe 2 Most distant sampling pipe 3 Smoke source 4 Detector Under these circumstances the completed system is likely to pass a fairly stringent performance test where little smoke and thermal energy are produced At the other extreme consider a system in a warehouse where L1 could be 69 ft 21 m and L2 is 328 ft 100 m long The first consideration is how long will it take for aerosols produced during combustion to actually reach the sampling point It would take an incident with considerable thermal energy to lift the aerosols up to this level Ventilation within the
37. ble languages are shown below in Table 8 below Table 8 Supported PipeCAD languages and their number codes Number code Language 0 English 1 Estonian 2 Dutch PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 113 Chapter 10 Additional features Number code Language 3 French 4 German 5 Hungarian 6 Italian 7 Norwegian 8 Portuguese 9 Spanish 10 Swedish 11 English US Non Metric Units 12 Finnish 13 Korean 14 Simplified Chinese 15 Traditional Chinese 16 Polish 17 114 Russian PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Index A Advisory messages iv Applications Atriums 7 Clean rooms 7 Computer rooms 6 Museums 8 Office areas 7 Telephone central office 6 Warehouse storage 8 Basic design principles Understanding 28 C Calculating system performance with PipeCAD 38 Commissioning 60 CPVC piping installations 40 D Design cycle 85 Designing a layout 84 Detector thresholds and potential sensitivity 34 E Extended sampling point ESP 13 Installation of piping 40 Installation procedures Capillary sampling installation 53 Drilling and calibrating sample holes in pipe 50 Earthquake bracing 48 Hangers and supports 45 Noisy sampling ports 52 Other design criteria 47 Recommended cut in procedures 48 Return air duct sampling installation 56 Solvent cementing procedures 41 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide M Mapping
38. curity guard or other user looking at the display it would not be immediately obvious that a 50 increase in pollution level had occurred When bar graph level 6 is reached the level is just over halfway between its normal reading and alarm This will not be apparent though By comparison Our detector operating in the same environment 0 0007 obs ft 0 02 obs m smoke normal density in the protected area would set the zero on the bar graph to be 0 0007 obs ft 0 02 obs m absolute in normal operation No bar graph segments would be illuminated This makes it obvious that there are no unexpected smoke particles being produced within the area If this level then increased by 50 to 0 006 obs ft 0 03 obs m the bar graph would illuminate one segment alerting a user that there was a potential problem in the protected environment When bar graph 6 is illuminated the level is three quarters of the way between its normal reading and alarm which is apparent alarm always being at 8 36 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling system The authorized distributor permanently sets the sensitivity of an absolute detector when he chooses the positions for the alarm outputs against the various levels of the bar graph as being appropriate for the moment in time the settings are made After this time no allowance can be made for changes in the background levels of pollution and the system
39. d Installation User Guide Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling system Logical detection Within the overall area requiring protection it may be necessary to distinguish between compartments or areas in which different activities are undertaken or different levels of potential risk exist Logically dividing the complete system into subcompartments allows the aspirating detector to provide different responses or actions These areas are not readily described as zones as the detector is a detector that normally reports back to a main fire system It is the main fire system that should determine what overall area constitutes a fire zone Figure 4 on page 18 provides an illustration of a modern computer suite with an automated data retrieval unit a printer room and bridge or control room The computer room and bridge share a common ceiling subfloor and air handling system The automatic data retrieval unit sits within the computer room but is sealed from it The printer room contains its own air conditioning unit and contains partitions that extend between the floor and ceiling slab While the overall area of the suite can employ a single detector the response or actions required from each are different for each part of the suite e The printer room has high speed printers that need to be stopped if smoke or aerosols are detected e The data retrieval unit is sealed from the room and an alarm is raised the instant that smoke a
40. d make installation easier The patented flared edge design protects the pipe from coming in contact with any rough or sharp surface The hex head self threading screw furnished with the product is easily installed using a cordless electric drill and socket attachment No predrilling of a pilot hole in wood is required WARNING It is the responsibility of the installer to determine a suitable hanger and or support that meets the requirements for the specific application Failure to utilize the appropriate method may jeopardize system integrity and subject the installation to potential harm PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 45 Chapter 4 Installation of piping Examples of UL Listed hangers and supports Note For UL installation of exposed CPVC air sampling smoke detection pipe UL Listed support devices for thermoplastic sprinkler piping or other UL Listed support devices must be used to mount the piping directly to the ceiling or sidewall Single fastener The illustration below shows a single fastener which can function as a hanger or as a restraining device by inverting the hanger and installing with the fastener mounting tab downward Figure 20 Single fastener Double fastener The illustration below shows a double fastener which can function as a hanger and a hold down strap Figure 21 Double fastener Mounted hanger restrainer The illustration below shows a fastener which can function as a hanger or as a re
41. e Major building codes require that a fire resistant wall or floor must be sealed back to its original integrity when penetrated Plans must show how the penetration will be fire stopped to obtain approval from the authority having jurisdiction Several sealants and materials are suitable for use with CPVC air sampling smoke detection pipe when installed per the manufacturer s instructions and constructed in conjunction with the appropriate UL penetration system When installed correctly these systems will provide a two hour fire rating The UL Building Directory UL Fire Resistance Directory and the sealant manufacturer should be consulted for proper selection installation and construction techniques Earthquake bracing Since PVC air sampling smoke detection pipe plastic is more flexible than metallic pipe it has a greater capacity to withstand earthquake damage In areas subject to earthquakes air sampling pipe systems should be designed and braced in accordance with local codes and standards Recommended cut in procedures Caution Prior to making system cut ins on existing systems care should be used to review proper joining procedures and to follow set and cure times to ensure the highest system integrity Several methods can be utilized to tie into an existing system using a socket style tee fitting in combination with the use of socket couplings and unions Regardless of the method used the following points must be followed t
42. e installed in accordance with this instruction manual and all applicable codes and standards System description Aspirating smoke detection is a system that uses an aspirating fan to draw air from the protected area via a network of sampling pipes and sampling holes The sampled air is passed through a high sensitivity precision detector that analyzes the air and generates warning signals when appropriate This system has a number of benefits particularly in the areas of performance installation cost and routine maintenance This guide provides an overview of this type of system although applicable local standards and codes also must be reviewed About PipeCAD modeling software PipeCAD pipe modeling software is an easy to use next generation computer aided design tool which assists the designer of high sensitivity aspirating smoke detection systems The program allows the designer to draw a schematic view in three dimensions on a PC screen by use of a 3D snap grid System layouts can be modified stored retrieved and evaluated to provide optimum performance of the area to be protected Note PipeCAD cannot be used to model or design systems which use other manufacturers detection equipment This program has the unique ability to actually assist in the design of a sampling system with its powerful analysis capability This gives the designer installer and end user more confidence that the system is working at its optimum
43. e pipes A segment of the room outline is drawn by dragging the mouse until the desired length is reached as displayed in the Toolbar Status Indicator located at the bottom left of the PipeCAD interface and continuing until the room is completed Adds a label at the mouse position To insert a label drag the mouse pointer until the desired label size is achieved Text can then be added by typing directly inside the resulting label box Adds a burner to the layout Automatically adds holes or capillaries at user defined spacing along the sampling pipe When this button is selected the Auto Hole Placement dialog box opens After the settings are entered clicking OK begins the automatic placement of holes Displays Pipe 1 only PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 7 Using PipeCAD Item Icon Description 13 Pipe 2 Selector Displays Pipe 2 only Pipe 3 Selector Displays Pipe 3 only Pipe 4 Selector Displays Pipe 4 only 5 16 All Pipes Selector Displays all pipes Note that it is not possible to add any objects to the layout while in the All Pipes display mode 17 Zoom In Zooms in on the layout by the prescribed amount 18 Zoom Out Zooms out on the layout by the prescribed amount 19 Calculate Displays the Calculate menu which lets you specify the calculation type and desired settings before launching flow analysis 20 Help Opens the built in Help system Overview of the PipeCAD
44. e smoke then although the detector head was calibrated to 0 0274 obs ft 0 1 obs m sensitivity the overall system sensitivity is only 0 055 obs ft 0 2 obs m The amount of smoke needed to create an alarm has doubled The only solution is to regularly change the air filter As there is no practical method of determining its condition in many cases it could well be an unnecessary expense It is a disquieting fact that an absolutely scaled detector has no way of compensating for filter degradation One may think that airflow monitoring could be used to indicate that the filter is becoming blocked Unfortunately this is impossible as the level of particle compaction that affects filter performance is too low for there to be any appreciable reduction in air flowing through the filter medium Our detectors automatically compensate for filter contamination As filter contamination causes the mean average detector output and the normal variations to reduce our detector uses historical information from its ClassiFire memory to apply compensation to maintain the original level of performance This means that filter contamination has negligible effect on system sensitivity This function is continually monitored and the actual level of compensation can be checked on the integral programmer or via a laptop computer using the software issued with every detector Therefore the engineer maintaining the system can replace the filter when app
45. e the descriptive text for each associated number so that the manufacturer part number equals the customer part number 3 Save TUBE INI To modify prices 1 Using a text editor locate the following text in the TUBE INI file Prices 10900 4 35 10906 2 05 10908 0 45 112 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 2 3 Chapter 10 Additional features 10925 8 75 10927 0 45 10930 0 33 In the Prices section change the text for each associated number to the desired price Save TUBE INI Note If prices are not stored they do not appear on the bill of materials Setting custom detector names To rename the detector product names 1 2 Using a text editor add the following text in the TUBE INI file within the Descriptions section DetectorNames NameO Micra 100 Namel Micra 25 Name2 HSSD 2 Example entries for a section defining the default names are shown above To use alternative names replace the text after the equals sign The names need to be changed in the software Save TUBE INI Setting a default PipeCAD language To set a default language for PipeCAD 1 3 Using a text editor locate the following text in the TUBE INI file Product Language 0 Refer to Table 8 below to determine the number of the desired language and enter it after the equal sign Save TUBE INI Note You can override this setting when installing PipeCAD Availa
46. ector Hole Hole every 6 50 ft s Capillary after that The Hole Type options can be used to insert capillary sampling points instead of plain sampling holes To automatically enter sampling holes type 52 in the Distance to first hole from detector box and 6 50 in the Hole every after that box Click OK to continue A warning message appears stating that all existing holes and capillaries on the pipe will be deleted Click OK to continue The layout shown in Figure 52 is displayed PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 97 Chapter 8 Designing the layout Figure 52 Automatically adding sampling holes Repeat this process for the remaining sampling pipes as required A completed layout viewed in all pipes mode is shown in Figure 53 below Figure 53 Completed four pipe layout 98 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 8 Designing the layout Inserting capillaries The same procedure can be followed using capillary sampling points rather than plain sampling holes To add a single capillary sampling point in place of a plain sampling hole delete the relevant hole by clicking to select it it turns red and then pressing the Del key Click Draw gt Capillary to add capillary points For example let us assume that in the above example we wish to replace sampling hole 4 on pipe 1 with a capillary sampling point with a 6 5 ft capillary length Select pipe 1
47. ector output bar graph showing the background or underlying smoke density as a significant proportion of the bar graph 34 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling system e The smoke density reading on the bar graph fluctuates as the detector responds to pollution changes in the underlying environment e These nuisance alarms cause unwarranted concern to casual observers Most environments are subject to fluctuations in underlying smoke and pollution density caused by doors and windows opening cooking exhaust fumes soldering smoking and so on On a typical installation of an absolutely scaled detector there may be 5 to 30 of its bar graph segments illuminated by background smoke with only 70 of the segments left in which to place the multiple alarm thresholds The major alarm threshold level is fixed at one of these bar graph levels The rise in smoke density required to give a major alarm varies with the background level There is only one way that a detector with absolute scaling can cope with this variation without having the potential to give unwanted alarms The system must monitor the protected area and record the variations in the standing levels of normal pollution over an extended period one year to determine the maximum long term detector output and bar graph deflection To achieve the highest sensitivity without nuisance alarms the alarm outputs should be s
48. eled e Help files give many application examples covering air handling units duct sampling condensation traps for humid areas and more Considerations The following must be considered when designing a pipework system in PipeCAD e The results provided by the program are only as reliable as the data entered by the designer The accuracy of predicted smoke transport times depends upon the accuracy of the pipe length data supplied and the accuracy of the sampling hole diameters e Estimated smoke transport time is the time taken for smoke to travel from a sampling hole to the detector Allowance must be made for the time taken for smoke to reach the sampling hole e PipeCAD software is intended as a guide for designers The software is unable to compensate for all influences on the flow of sampled air such as negative pressure acting upon the sampling holes Caution The data supplied by the PipeCAD program is no substitute for thorough smoke testing on the actual installed system Getting started Before beginning to use PipeCAD become familiar with the Windows environment common Windows procedures and HSSD design criteria and limitations A review of the detector manuals is necessary for the proper design of systems PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 67 Chapter 6 Introduction to PipeCAD System requirements PipeCAD requires a PC with e Windows 2000 XP Vista or Windows 7 e 8 Mb or more recomm
49. ement to the outside pipe end Apply a medium coat to the fitting socket A second application of cement should be applied to the pipe end if there was little interference when the dry fit was checked Figure 17 Applying solvent cement with a natural bristle brush Assembly Immediately insert the pipe into the fitting socket while rotating the pipe 1 4 turn Properly align the fitting for the installation at this time Pipe must bottom to the fitting stop Hold the assembly for 10 to 15 seconds to ensure initial bonding A bead of cement should be evident around the pipe and fitting juncture If this bead is not continuous around the socket shoulder it may indicate that insufficient cement was applied If insufficient cement is applied the joint must be cut out discarded and begun again Cement in excess of the bead can be wiped off with a rag PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 43 Chapter 4 Installation of piping Figure 18 Inserting the pipe into the fitting socket rotate the pipe 1 4 turn CPVC solvent cement set and cure times are a function of the cement type used pipe size temperature relative humidity and tightness of fit Drying time is faster for drier environments smaller pipe sizes high temperatures and tighter fits The assembly must be allowed to set without any stress on the joint for 1 to 5 minutes depending on the pipe size and temperature Following the initial set period the assembly can be
50. ence use extra solvent cement in making the joint 42 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 4 Installation of piping WARNING Before applying cement appropriate safety precautions should be taken Cement should be stored in the shade between 40 F 4 C and 110 F 43 3 C Eliminate all ignition sources Avoid breathing vapors Use only with adequate ventilation explosion proof general mechanical ventilation or local exhaust is recommended to maintain vapor concentrations below recommended exposure limits In confined or partially enclosed areas an appropriate OSHA approved breathing apparatus is recommended Containers should be kept tightly closed when not in use and covered as much as possible when in use Avoid frequent contact with skin wearing PVA coated protective gloves and an impervious apron are recommended Avoid any contact with eyes splash proof chemical goggles are recommended Please refer to GENERAL SAFETY MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS for SPEARS CPVC One Step FS 5 or equivalent cement Verify expiration dates stamped on cement can prior to use Solvent cement application The solvent cement should be applied when the pipe and fittings are clean and free of any dirt moisture or debris Spears CPVC One Step solvent cement FS 5 or equivalent should be worked into the joining surfaces with an applicator or natural bristle brush at least 1 2 the size of the pipe diameter Apply a heavy even coat of c
51. ended free disk space e 16 Mb available RAM Note Although PipeCAD is currently compatible with Windows 95 98 and NT its use on those platforms is unsupported as they are no longer supported by Microsoft Fire Dynamics Simulator software PipeCAD supports NIST s Fire Dynamics Simulator Version 4 x and 5 0 Visit the Fire Dynamics Simulator Web site www fire nist gov fds for more information about FDS Installing PipeCAD The PipeCAD program is provided on a CD ROM and installs quickly and easily To install PipeCAD 1 Insert the CD and wait for a window to appear On the menu that automatically appears click Software Select PipeCAD Pipe Modeler from the list of available software Click Next to begin the Installation Wizard Accept the license Agreement DaRoN Path Confirm that the pathname displayed is the desired destination location for the software To specify a different location enter it in the Destination folder box 7 Click OK to continue installation of the software 8 The Set Installation Details window opens as shown below 68 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 6 Introduction to PipeCAD 7 User information Please provide your contact details PipeCAD Nullsoft Install System v2 46 9 Name Company Enter both personal and company names to personalize the software Note Once installed the program can be opened from the Windows Start gt P
52. er covers the commissioning procedures for the air sampling pipe system and detectors Commissioning results should be recorded on the commissioning check sheet Commissioning The commissioning check sheet should be completed upon commissioning of every air sampling pipe system and detector The purpose of this sheet is to document proper system operation and acceptance by the owner to provide reference data for future testing and maintenance of the system and to register serial numbers for warranty Completed and signed copies of the commissioning check sheets should be distributed as directed on the sheet Precommissioning preparation After the air sampling pipe system and detector have been completely installed they must be inspected and tested and all configuration and ambient conditions can be recorded Before starting the commissioning tests go through the following precommissioning preparation steps 1 Perform a visual inspection of all air sampling pipe system and detector hardware Check that all system equipment has been mounted properly and wired correctly 2 Leave all detectors in operation for a period of time to allow the remaining particulate matter that may have been left during installation in the pipe network and or ducts to clear out of the system 3 Check that all detectors in the system are cleared of all trouble conditions 4 Isolate all detectors or disconnect all alarm and trouble circuits to prevent co
53. ere are 0 capifaries on this pipe run This pipe run length ts 273 00 feet The total pipe length ts 273 00 feet Interpreting calculation results This gives full details for the selected pipe s sampling holes as follows Hole number This is the hole number as shown on the layout drawing Hole size These figures can be changed if required by double clicking and manually changing the hole s diameter Holes are highlighted in green Flow percentage This is a measure of airflow through the sampling hole as a percentage of the whole pipe s airflow Transit time This is an estimate of the time for smoke to travel from the sampling hole to the detector Hole sensitivity obs ft per bar This is the estimated concentration of smoke that needs to be sampled by the hole in order to cause a 1 bar reading on the detector s bar graph As the default Fire 1 Alarm setting is 8 bars the figure must be multiplied by eight to give the actual alarm sensitivity of the hole To find the hole sensitivity of the other relative alarm factors PreAlarm and Aux multiply this reading by the alarm level values for those alarms The other information on the reports summarizes the balance between pipes the various options selected and the pipe lengths used 106 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 9 Verifying the layout Analysis of sample results The following analysis refers to the results report shown in Figure 59 on page
54. es of these types of materials are e Electrical and electronic cabling Modern offices computer rooms and communications facilities require large quantities of cabling and connectors These are often concealed and poorly managed e Paper and paper goods these may be found in high speed printer rooms libraries archives print shops offices and storerooms e Synthetic materials and foams these materials are usually found in furnishings carpets partitions and office equipment In modern premises these should be self extinguishing and of a low smoke and fume type More hazardous older materials may exist in older premises e Natural fibers and wood Furniture and furnishings contain natural fibers and wood as well as synthetic materials e Flammable liquids or gels In addition to designated storage areas flammable liquids or gels may also be unknowingly held in considerable quantities in office storerooms It would also be worthwhile to select potential sites for the detector during the survey Consideration should be given to the availability of suitable power supplies the location of any existing fire protection systems to which the air sampling pipe system and the aspirating detector must be connected and the suitability of the site for mechanically fixing the unit its safety and aesthetics All the information sketches notes and drawings form the basis of the final system design 16 PipeCAD System Design an
55. et against the bar graph display at points above the highest recorded level of standing pollution These points correspond to the desired response from an increase in smoke density from an incipient fire Final alarm threshold settings are a matter of judgment on the part of the authorized distributor after having taken the above considerations into account It may seem that simply setting the alarm level just above the highest level that may normally be expected from the underlying level is the right sensitivity to use However what may normally be expected is never assessed with such systems because the underlying level is frequently random in its maximum and minimum levels even though the average may be reasonably constant The question of what are normal variations must be considered If a high smoke level occurs on average once every week would the user tolerate a nuisance alarm at the rate of once every week It is likely that the user would demand that the sensitivity be reduced in order to cure what he considers an unacceptable nuisance alarm situation The user may tolerate a nuisance alarm at the rate of once every year or more How would this frequency be calculated for a fixed sensitivity system in an environment that has variable levels of background pollution The answer is that for an absolutely scaled detector it is an impossible task PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 35 Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling sy
56. ft drag the outline to the desired position Hold the Shift key while dragging with the left mouse button PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 91 Chapter 8 Designing the layout This method extended selection can be used to move any group of lines on the screen Clicking a single line to turn it red allows it to be moved on its own The Shift key does not need to be held down in this instance When the outline has been moved to the desired position click Draw gt Outline again We can now add the remainder of the room outline The easiest way to do this is to draw the vertical risers from the corners of the room dragging out to the appropriate length in this example the room is 16 ft high and drawing lines between the risers See Figure 44 below for the completed outline Figure 44 Completed outline PipeCAD C AMPAC PIPE manual outline pl L loj xj Eile Edit Draw View Options Help alh Gl Zima Al 1 2 3 4 8 2 Cancel E 259 255 CAPS NUM 5 The next stage is to locate the detector in three dimensional space To provide a reference the bottom line of the left hand wall has been selected by left clicking in Edit mode to turn it red Double clicking the line brings up its dimensional properties The length of the wall 98 ft is shown as well as the start X1 Y1 and Z1 and finish X2 Y2 and Z2 three dimensional coordinates of the line The indicator at the bottom left of
57. g holes is almost negligible At this stage of the process the designer should have produced a provisional sampling pipe network design that includes the position of the sampling pipes and air sampling holes If a specification was not available a provisional specification should be produced that qualifies what type of system is offered and its performance expectations For example what published performance test specification is the system intended to achieve or surpass Understanding basic design principles There are basic principles that should be understood when designing the sampling network all of which have an effect on the performance of the aspirating smoke detector The performance of a single detector sampling from areas at different air pressures for example under floor air plenums and room spaces or different rooms in air conditioned areas may be affected due to reverse or poor airflow along the sampling pipes Piping design considerations for aspirating detectors It is important that the design does not exceed the number of sampling ports or pipe length of the selected detector Refer to Table 2 below for details Table 2 Detector piping details Detector Coverage Number of Pipe length per Total pipe Max sampling area ft 2 m pipe inlets inlet ft m length ft m ports One pipe 2 500 232 1 164 50 164 50 10 Two pipe 10 000 929 2 164 50 330 100 50 Four pipe 20 000 1 858 4 330 100 656 200
58. h Sensitivity Responding to smoke at concentrations of less than 0 8 obscuration per foot 2 6 obscuration per meter The obscuration values refer to the sensitivity at each sampling hole and not the claimed sensitivity of the detector This is discussed in more detail Understanding basic design principles on page 28 Pipe network design terms and details The terms in the following paragraphs are used in the design of an air sampling pipe system It is important to become familiar with these terms and their meanings prior to installing the pipe network Air sampling pipe network An air sampling pipe network is an arrangement of pipes located within the protected area through which air is drawn back to the detector to be analyzed Note It is important to ensure that all joints in the sampling pipe network are airtight and that the system is adequately supported to prevent air leakage as this could affect system performance 12 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling system Air velocity Air velocity is the speed of air that passes a sample hole The air velocity can be measured with a hand held anemometer as shown in Figure 3 below Hold the meter near the proposed position of the sampling point and rotate the meter to obtain the maximum reading All related building systems that may have an effect on the airflow patterns of the protected areas such as HVAC systems should be o
59. handled carefully avoiding stresses to the joint Refer to Table 4 below for minimum cure times prior to system operation Figure 19 The assembly must be allowed to set without any stress on the joint Neg Table 4 Recommended cure prior to system operation Pipe size inches Ambient temperature during cure 3 4 60 to 120 F 40 to 59 F 0 to 39 F 16 to 49 C 4 to 15 C 18 to 4 C 15 minutes 15 minutes 30 minutes WARNING Installers should verify for themselves that they can make satisfactory joints under varying conditions and should receive training in installation and safety procedures Consult the material safety data sheets and ASTM F 402 Standard Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements and Primers Installers should verify for themselves that they can make satisfactory joints under varying conditions and should receive training in installation and safety procedures Consult installation instructions material safety data sheets and ASTM F 402 Standard Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements Primers and Cleaners Used for Joining Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings Caution Avoid puddling of cement on or within fitting and pipe which causes excess softening of the material and could cause damage to the product 44 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 4 Installation of piping Note Use of solvent products other than those recommended by the manufacturer automaticall
60. have more than 25 holes When drilling holes in the sampling pipes or cutting off lengths of pipe ensure that all grinding and debris is removed from the pipe Ensure that all sampling holes are free from burrs The calculated pipe transit time should not exceed 120 seconds The manufacturer recommends the use of the 3 4 in smooth bore UL listed CPVC pipe or the 3 4 in ABS pipe for freezer applications PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 49 Chapter 4 Installation of piping This guide holds true for average sampling pipe lengths but if using long pipes typically more than 197 ft 60 m total performance may be improved by making the sampling holes near the ends slightly larger than those nearer the detector As required by NFPA 72 PipeCAD pipe modeling software is to be used to ensure that transit times balance of suction and individual sampling are within desired limits Figure 24 Locating the detector outside the protected area 1 2 1 Sampling pipe 2 Sampling hole 3 Detector 4 Exhaust pipe 5 False ceiling Drilling and calibrating sample holes in pipe Hydraulic flow calculations for determining appropriate sample port hole sizes validating hole sensitivity and system transport times must be calculated using the most current version of PipeCAD modeling software and for UL installations must be made according to NFPA standards applicable to air sampling smoke detection syste
61. he bottom left of the PipeCAD interface Remember to first select a numbered icon on the toolbar or View gt Pipe1 2 3 4 to represent the pipe port used on the detector Holes Use the Hole Add icon on the toolbar or Draw gt Hole to add a hole to any pipe A hole is added wherever you click the mouse The current settings in the Default Hole Sizes Menu are used There is a limit of 25 holes per pipe run applies to two and four pipe detectors only Capillaries Use the Capillary Add icon on the toolbar or Draw gt Capillary to add a capillary to any pipe A capillary is wherever you click the mouse Endcaps Use the Endcap Add icon on the toolbar or Draw gt Endcap to add an end cap to the end of a pipe to end the current pipe run An end cap is added by clicking at the end of the pipe An end cap must be placed on the end of each pipe prior to performing flow calculations with Options gt Calculate Labels Use the Label Add icon on the toolbar or Draw gt Label to insert a label at the mouse pointer location To insert a label drag until the desired label size is achieved Text can then be added by typing directly inside the label box Editing objects in edit mode There are two ways to enter edit mode PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 89 Chapter 8 Designing the layout e Click Draw gt Edit When Edit appears with a check mark in the Draw menu PipeCAD is in edit mode e Click the Edit icon on
62. he volume above the ceiling tiles as a return air plenum PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 7 Chapter 2 Applications Museums A distributed sampling pipe network combined with return air grill sampling is recommended for museums A distributed pipe network can be installed above the ceiling with capillary tube sampling points installed in exposed areas The return air grill or air duct sampling design will depend on the air handling equipment installation Warehouse storage A distributed sampling pipe network is recommended for warehouse applications To overcome smoke stratification two or more levels of sampling may be required depending on the ceiling height of the warehouse Air sampling pipe systems can be used in freezer warehouse applications although it may be necessary to condition the air before it enters the detector The detector must be mounted outside of the low temperature area 8 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling sysiem Summary This chapter provides general guidance on the design of sampling pipe networks for the air sampling pipe system and detectors Content Introduction 10 Regulatory requirements 10 Planning the air sampling network 10 System types 10 Surveying the site 14 Sampling methods 19 Mapping the sampling pipe network 23 Understanding basic design principles 28 Detector thresholds and potential sensitivity 34 Calculat
63. ics known chemically as post chlorinated polyvinyl chloride CPVC The CPVC air sampling smoke detection pipe products provide ease of joining increased hanger spacing in comparison to other plastics are assembled with readily available inexpensive tools and are based on a product with a continuous service history of more than 30 years Chemical exposure Our CPVC air sampling smoke detection pipe products resist attack from a wide range of chemicals that are corrosive to metallic piping CPVC material has been used in many corrosive industrial piping systems for many years due to its inherent corrosion resistance However in instances where a chemical substance may come into contact with the fire sprinkler system it is recommended that compatibility with CPVC be confirmed by the manufacturer of the product in question prior to use Caution Special care should be taken to avoid the use of or possible contamination of the CPVC pipe and fittings with products containing edible oils esters ketones or petroleum base products such as cutting or packing oils traditional pipe thread paste or dopes and some lubricants Product handling and storage Reasonable care should be exercised in handling CPVC air sampling smoke detection pipe products They must not be dropped or have objects dropped on them If improper handling results in splits or gouges the damaged section should be cut out and discarded Store these products indoors when pos
64. igning the layout Introduction This chapter provides general design guidelines and also specific instructions on how to design a pipe layout using the PipeCAD pipe modeling software General guidelines for designing a layout PipeCAD supports the design and verification of a single detector system When multiple detectors are required to protect an area the design must be split into separate layouts for each detector Up to four pipe runs can be entered each sampling pipe run being made ona separate screen page The current pipe that is being worked on is selected from the View menu by selecting the pipe run number All pipe runs can be displayed simultaneously but no objects can be added when this option is selected Each pipe run starts from the center of the detector symbol a blue square and finishes at an end cap hole or capillary Placing holes anywhere other than on the pipework causes an error message to be displayed Deleting or moving a pipe also deletes or moves all holes placed on that pipe Pipe runs can be entered in either plan or three dimensional view Note that if the layout is entered in plan view then no height information is entered in the layout all vertical heights are assumed to be zero Any vertical drops in the pipes must be entered afterwards by changing to three dimensional entry mode In three dimensional mode PipeCAD has to calculate 3D coordinates from the two dimensional information entered The way i
65. ility to verify suitability of products used in conjunction with the air sampling pipe installation according to each manufacturer s installation instructions Kidde Products Ltd Air Sampling Piping System products are approved for use in air plenums The intake and exhaust piping should be UL category QNVT rated Kidde Products Ltd Air Sampling Piping System products have been investigated by UL per the requirements of UL 1887 and found to comply with the combustibility requirements for thermoplastic sprinkler pipe as described in the Standard for Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems NFPA 90A and various model mechanical codes Limitation of liability Note This manual is to be used by qualified and factory trained personnel knowledgeable of NFPA standards and any other applicable standards in effect This manual is intended to provide guidance to qualified technical professionals for the design installation operation and maintenance of the Kidde Products Ltd Air Sampling Piping System Only qualified persons experienced and trained in the installation of this type of equipment should install and configure the Kidde Products Ltd air sampling piping system They must be familiar with relevant NFPA and all applicable codes and must be trained and qualified by Kidde Products Ltd Kidde Products Ltd is a manufacturer of the components that make up the Kidde Products Ltd Air Sampling Piping System and is not respo
66. imum variation between pipe lengths The optimum position reduces sample transport times through the sampling pipe network see Figure 5 below Wherever practical the designer should attempt to use as many of the four air inlets available for four pipe detector to assist in minimizing the transport times of sampled air through the network See Understanding basic design principles on page 28 for details Figure 5 Advantage of multiple sampling pipes Original design Bett er Best 1 Ape 2 Apes 3 Apes Smoke sample takes a long Smoke sample takes half as Smoke sample transit time is time to travel from the farend long to reach the detector one third the original design of the pipe Using grid overlays Laying a tracing overlay grid on the area to be protected is a convenient method of designing a sampling pipe network Grid units can be square or rectangular Grid overlays can be used where a secondary type of detection system is required Up to date scaled drawings of the site or accurate outline drawings produced from information collected during the site survey are necessary to use a grid overlay The designer can then produce an equivalent scale square grid overlay whose dimensions are based on the minimum or maximum sampling point separation specified in the standard or code of practice applicable to the project Care should be taken that sampling holes fall within those maximum distances from side walls and corners that are of
67. in conjunction with a conventional point detector system The aspirating system could be used to switch off or reduce the mechanical ventilation which allows the point detection system to operate effectively Figure 1 below illustrates a primary sampling system which works in conjunction with an air handling system A Smoke path static air B Smoke path maximum ventilation Figure 1 Primary sampling performed via air handling system 2 1 Pressure relief vents 6 Equipment cabinets 2 Detector 7 Path of high velocity air 3 Bypass vent A Smoke path static air 4 Endcap B Smoke path maximum ventilation 5 High velocity forced air cooling unit Secondary sampling system A secondary sampling system is designed with sampling holes in the same relative positions as normal point detectors Figure 2 on page 12 illustrates a secondary sampling system with normal point detection PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 11 Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling system Figure 2 Secondary sampling layout for normal point detection 1 Sampling pipe network 2 Aspirating smoke detector 3 Sampling points The sampling pipe network and system sensitivity may also be designed and adjusted to achieve one of two levels of sensitivity e Normal Sensitivity The same sensitivity as normal ionization detectors typically 0 8 to 1 5 obscuration per foot 2 6 to 5 obscuration per meter e Hig
68. in temperature will cause an expansion of 1 2 in for a 50 ft straight length 12 7 mm for a 15 2 m straight length For most operating and installation conditions expansion and contraction can be accommodated at changes of direction Solvent cementing procedures The use of Spears FS 5 One Step Low VOC Solvent Cement or equivalent is recommended to join the pipe and fittings However Ipex BM 5 and Thompson Plastics TPI 50 solvent cements can also be used provided that the assembly and curing instructions referenced in this manual are used The One Step process eliminates the need for the primer application as the cement itself provides adequate softening of the joining surfaces This joining method simplifies installation by reducing labor and offers faster curing times prior to system operation in most cases Note Follow appropriate cure times for the solvent cement chosen Cutting CPVC air sampling smoke detection pipe can be easily cut with a wheel type plastic tubing cutter pipe ratchet cutter a power saw or a fine toothed saw Care must be taken not to split the pipe if a ratchet type cutter is used especially in temperatures below 50 F 10 C If any indication of damage or cracking is evident cut off at least 2 in 51 mm beyond any visible crack PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 41 Chapter 4 Installation of piping It is important that the cutting tools used are designed for use on plastic pipe To
69. ing system performance with PipeCAD 38 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling system Introduction A sampling pipe network that has been correctly designed for a given application will be more efficient and therefore offer significantly higher performance All of our high sensitivity smoke detectors incorporate ClassiFire artificial intelligence This feature supports the designer in engineering systems to protect a very wide range of applications including those having diverse environmental conditions This chapter contains instructions for the proper design of a sampling pipe network Most of this chapter covers the pipe network design which must be accomplished prior to installation of any components of an air sampling pipe system The information provided in this manual is intended as an overview only Regulatory requirements The design of aspirating systems while generally simple requires that certain specific rules be followed for NFPA and EN compliant system performance Consideration must be given to all of the relevant local codes of practice standards and regulations that are used to govern the design of detection systems The designer must bear in mind that these regulatory documents may deal with the minimum acceptable requirements often related to the performance and cost of conventional detectors for a very general range of applications For EN 54 20 compliant insta
70. ions discuss other typical sampling methods Capillary sampling installation Capillary tube sampling points are drop down points in the pipe network which consist of a tee male 1 2 in NPT capillary tube adapter female 3 8 in NPT capillary tube adapter 3 8 in capillary tubing and sampling point The sampling hole must be drilled into the sampling point PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 53 Chapter 4 Installation of piping Figure 28 Capillary sampling point kit 1 1 1 Pipe network 7 7 8 in hole 2 3 4 x 1 2 in or 1 2 x 1 2 in T fitting 8 Ceiling tile or mounting surface 3 12 ft 8 66 m maximum 9 Female capillary tube adapter 1 2 in OD 4 Capillary tube compression x 3 8 in NPT 5 Sample point thumb screw nut 10 Male capillary tube adapter 1 2 in OD 6 Sample point compression x 1 2 in NPT The sampling point is made of a flame retardant self extinguishing plastic It is also UV stabilized to inhibit yellowing over time The capillary tubing is tested for use in plenum areas The tubing is also flame retardant 54 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 4 Installation of piping To install a capillary tube sampling point 1 Verify that a T fitting has been installed into the pipe network at the location where you want to place a sampling point 2 Drill or punch a 7 8 in hole into the ceiling tile or other surface 3 Insert the sampling poin
71. is as follows 1 Set the position of the detector in the room A schematic view of the detector is displayed on all pipe runs in the same position and orientation Draw the room outline and outline all partitioning in the room if required This outline appears on all pipe runs in pale green If the layout is being produced in three dimensional view then attaching a temporary line to the detector fixes the 3D coordinates of the outline Draw the pipe layout from the detector using the area drawings to get accurate lengths for all pipe runs Note that for each run of pipe from the detector there is a selection on the View menu to display that pipe run The pipe lengths label text or hole sizes can be edited by double clicking the object while in Edit mode This opens the appropriate properties dialog box Calculate the smoke transit time and pipe balance by clicking Options gt Calculate or by selecting the calculator icon on the toolbar Click View gt Results to review calculated data If the balance of flow is poor and the calculation has been done with set hole sizes then the hole sizes can be changed manually and the results recalculated or alternatively use the Change Hole Sizes setting on the calculate dialog box The hole sizes are then modified automatically within preset limits to balance the flow Check the transit time and individual hole sensitivity results against the required national specification If the tr
72. is considered to produce sufficiently high temperature to generate small quantities of hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acid gas Be sure to keep a safe distance away while voltage is being applied Caution A wire burner canned smoke test could activate spot type detectors 62 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 5 System commissioning This test may be undertaken in underfloor spaces or ceiling voids where rapid airflow may render Test 1 unsuitable 1 Connect a 3 25 ft 1 m length of wire to a 6 VAC source of at least 16 A rating per wire for a period of 1 minute 2 The system should respond within 120 seconds of cessation of energization After this period most of the insulation should be burned off Note The wire should be 10 AWG with the following diameter and area Diameter 2 59 mm or 0 10189 in Cross section area 5 0 mm2 or 0 00775 in PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 63 Chapter 5 System commissioning 64 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 6 Introduction to PipeCAD Summary This chapter provides general information about the PipeCAD program Content Introduction 66 Features 66 Considerations 67 Getting started 67 System requirements 68 Installing PipeCAD 68 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 65 Chapter 6 Introduction to PipeCAD Introduction PipeCAD is a Windows application that is used for designing air samp
73. ling pipe networks for use with aspirating high sensitivity smoke detectors HSSD The overall performance of an HSSD system depends on proper layout and design of the air sampling pipe network Optimal performance can be achieved by designing a balanced pipe network using PipeCAD A balanced pipe network is defined as having equal sensitivity at each sampling hole PipeCAD designs a dynamically balanced pipe network by calculating the suction pressure of each sampling point in the pipe network PipeCAD then calculates each sample hole diameter in order to equalize the suction pressure for the entire network PipeCAD also provides a variety of calculations such as maximum transport time of the pipe network and optimal pipe diameters PipeCAD assists in the design of a pipe network with its isometric drawing capability A designer can sketch the network using a variety of buttons that represent piping sample holes capillaries etc This sketch allows the designer to easily visualize the pipe network Pipe networks can be designed with a wide variety of pipe types and pipe fittings and various reports can be generated for commissioning and purchasing purposes Features PipeCAD lets you visualize sampling pipe layouts on screen and offers the following features e Layouts can be entered in plan two dimensional or isometric three dimensional representations with the easy to use graphical user interface e PipeCAD directly su
74. llations the Class of any pipe hole configuration and the detector sensitivity must be determined using the PipeCAD software Planning the air sampling network This manual does not offer specific planning guidelines but recommends a basic planning procedure that should be used to make sure that all the elements that affect the system design are considered Before beginning the planning and design of an air sampling network it is important to determine what is expected from the installed sampling pipe network For UL installations the hole spacing in the pipe network must meet or exceed NFPA requirements for the spacing of spot type smoke detectors System types There are two main types of aspirating smoke detection systems e Primary e Secondary 10 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling system Primary sampling system A primary sampling system is a system that is designed to work in conjunction with any air handling or ventilation systems already in place A primary sampling system will not provide optimum performance when these handling or ventilation systems are inoperative however an advantage of this type of system is that it can detect small quantities of cool smoke from a minor incident that would not normally rise to the ceiling the conventional location for a smoke detection system A primary sampling system is often used as an early warning detection system
75. mal expansion and contraction e Maintain vertical piping in straight alignment with supports at each floor level or at 10 ft 3 05 m intervals whichever is less e CPVC risers in vertical shafts or in buildings with ceilings over 25 ft 7 62 m should be aligned straightly and supported at each floor level or at 10 ft 3 05 m intervals whichever is less Design criteria Caution When drilling holes in solid wood joists and in studs wood or metal to route the pipe structural integrity must be maintained Consult the authority having jurisdiction AHJ or building code for requirements When routing pipe through metal studs holes drilled must be oversized to allow for movement caused by expansion and contraction Care must be taken to ensure that the pipe is not in contact with the metal stud or damaged by contact with rough or sharp edges This can be accomplished by the use of plastic grommets or other suitable protection of the pipe in this area The pipe must be independently supported at specified intervals by the use of a suitable hanger with sufficient load bearing surface PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 47 Chapter 4 Installation of piping Penetrating fire rated walls and partitions Before penetrating fire rated walls and partitions consult building codes and authorities having jurisdiction in your area Several UL classified through penetration fire stop systems are approved for use with CPVC pip
76. menus The File menu Use the File menu see Figure 35 below to load and save files print hard copies of pipe layouts and exit the program Figure 35 File menu Fast setup New Ctrl Nn Open Ctrl O Save Ctrl 5 Save As Print page Ctrl P Print run Print setup Send Exit C pipecad plane fds p Fast setup Fast setup is designed to guide you through all of the steps required to enter a full pipe layout complete with an area outline If a modified layout already exists you are prompted to save the layout before starting Fast Setup New Clears the current pipe layout from memory If the pipe layout has changed and has not been saved you are prompted to save the changed layout PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 75 Chapter 7 Using PipeCAD Open Opens dialog box prompting you for a filename Selecting a file or typing its filename loads this layout from disk The title bar is changed to display the name of the file currently being worked on Save Saves the layout directly to disk using the current filename as displayed in the title bar without prompting you for a filename If no filename was entered previously then the Save As dialog box is displayed Save As Opens a dialog box prompting you for the filename for the new file The file is saved using this name The title bar is changed to display the new name Save Fire Dynamics Simulator file Saves the entered pipe layout in a f
77. mmunication of alarms and troubles to ancillary equipment Commissioning is recommended after all construction has been completed and the area cleaned of any lingering post construction dirt If ambient monitoring conditions are recorded before the installation is cleaned up they may not accurately reflect actual normal operating conditions that must be used as reference data for follow up maintenance procedures and tests 60 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 5 System commissioning Ambient monitoring Ambient monitoring should be recorded for a recommended time period of at least one week during normal operating conditions All air handling units thermostats and other systems that can have an effect on the operating environment should be turned on to simulate normal operating conditions as closely as possible Airflow test The detector airflow monitoring should be tested using a high airflow test Use the following procedure to verify the high airflow fault operation 1 Increase the airflow to the detector by opening the pipe 2 Allow up to 60 seconds plus airflow delay time for a trouble to activate 3 Record the test result on the commissioning check sheet 4 Reattach the pipe to return the detector back to normal operating mode Transport time verification A maximum transport time verification test is the measure of the amount of time it takes for the detector to respond to smoke that enters the pi
78. ms 50 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 4 Installation of piping Sampling holes of the correct diameter based on results from PipeCAD should be drilled in the positions marked on the design drawings If significant deviations from the original sampling pipe network design were necessary during installation revised PipeCAD models must be produced that illustrate the changes and confirm that the system continues to meet the design specifications listings and jurisdictional codes and standards WARNING It is imperative that the installer wears proper eye and ear protection and follows all job site safety rules To drill and calibrate sampling holes in the pipe you need the following tools e Cordless or plug in power drill e Good quality drill bits from 5 64 through 1 4 in e Eye protection e Ear protection e Accurate set of plans or drawings e Results from PipeCAD modeling software e Vacuum e Deburring tool or reamer For complex or unbalanced sampling pipe networks the designer may use features in PipeCAD that calculate the calibration of sampling hole diameters in 1 64 in steps The installer should have a set of good quality drill bits between 5 64 and 1 4 in in diameter Care should be taken particularly if sampling holes are being drilled simultaneously with the erection of the sampling pipe that the correct diameter hole is drilled against the drawing coordinates The holes should be d
79. n be installed above the dropped ceiling with capillary tube sampling points installed in the drop ceiling tiles 6 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 2 Applications When using return air grill sampling the return air is usually monitored at the top of the air handling units before the air enters the units Both methods are effective however if the air handling units are shut off overall smoke detection effectiveness will be affected A combination of both methods provides the quickest response to particles of combustion If subfloor detection is required a distributed pipe network is recommended with the sampling holes facing down or perpendicular to the airflow Clean rooms Either return air grill sampling or return air duct sampling is recommended for clean room applications The best sampling design will depend on the air handling equipment and location of the filters Atriums A distributed sampling pipe network is recommended for protecting atriums Multiple level sampling may be required depending on the height of the atrium ceiling and the effects of stratification Monitoring the return air grill in combination with a distributed pipe network may significantly reduce detector response time Office areas A distributed sampling pipe network with capillary tube sampling points is recommended for protecting office areas Refer to local codes for pipe type requirements Many office areas consider t
80. nate in the center of the square blue detector icon Click Draw gt Pipe and ensure that the Pipe 1 icon is depressed An example of a drawn pipe is shown in Figure 48 on page 95 94 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 8 Designing the layout Figure 48 Drawing pipe 1 This has been drawn in three sections P1 to P3 each one identified separately by the software Observe that the 6 5 ft section P1 which leads from the detector to the ceiling starts in the center of the blue detector icon For the pipes to be properly arrayed in three dimensional space they must be drawn from the detector outwards The process is repeated for each pipe from 1 through 4 as applicable in the same manner The separate screens for each pipe ensure that there is no confusion between pipe runs When complete the layout as seen in the all pipes view is as shown in Figure 49 on page 96 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 95 Chapter 8 Designing the layout Figure 49 All pipes in layout Inserting end caps Before we can add any sampling holes we need to add an end cap for each pipe All pipes must be fitted with end caps PipeCAD does not allow you to add sampling holes before this is done To add an end cap to a pipe click the Pipe 1 icon and then click Draw gt Endcap Click the end of the pipe to place the end cap Repeat for the remaining sampling pipes 2 through 4 as applicable
81. nd Installation User Guide Chapter 7 Using PipeCAD 71 Introduction 72 Starting PipeCAD 72 Creating a new project 72 Opening an existing project 73 Overview of the PipeCAD toolbar 73 Overview of the PipeCAD menus 75 Chapter 8 Designing the layout 83 Introduction 84 General guidelines for designing a layout 84 Sampling pipe basics 84 The design cycle 85 Setting preferences 86 Creating the design 88 Chapter 9 Verifying the layout 101 Introduction 102 Considerations 102 What happens during calculation 102 Entering calculation options 102 Chapter 10 Additional features 109 Introduction 110 Generating a bill of materials 110 NIST Fire Dynamics Simulator FDS integration 110 Customizing PipeCAD 111 Index 115 ii PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Important information Regulatory information EN installations For EN 54 20 compliant installations the Class of any pipe hole configuration and the detector sensitivity must be determined using the PipeCAD software UL Installations Kidde Products Ltd Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride CPVC Air Sampling Smoke Detection Pipe is UL Listed for use with all of our aspirating smoke detection systems listed in accordance with the appropriate requirements Kidde Products Ltd Air Sampling Piping System products may be used with other manufacturers products However specific application approvals may not be identical among manufacturers It is the installer s responsib
82. nd aerosols are detected e The computer room and bridge require early warning of an incident but no shutdown e A signal to the servers shifts processing to an alternative site A single detector could not achieve the variety of responses and levels of potential sensitivity required Logically three detectors are required each detector having its sensitivity and responses tailored to the particular risk PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 17 Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling system Figure 4 An electronic data processing suite High Speed Printer Room HUUT 2 Storage Retrieval Unit Bridge l l Control f f Room Power Supply Air Handling Unit High Speed Printer Room 120 i 3 ww BBEBBBS Room Power Supply Air Handling Unit 18 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling system Sampling methods Selecting the most appropriate sampling method involves careful consideration of the information gathered during the site survey and the requirement to design a logical detection system The designer can then choose the most effective sampling methods for the area requiring protection There are some circumstances where a particular sampling method although preferred will not be adequate or appropriate for the given area It is the designer s responsibility to employ a sampling method that provides the maximum level of protection
83. ng of complex layouts easier Point sample radius Clicking this item enables or disables display of sampling point radii for each sampling point on the pipe layout This feature helps when designing system to a specified grid spacing The Options menu Use the Options menu see Figure 39 on page 80 to calculate flows display pipe and drilling schedules set the pipe type set the default hole sizes and set the aspirator speed All of the options set in this menu are saved to disk so that your preferences are stored for future use PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 79 Chapter 7 Using PipeCAD Figure 39 Options menu Options Calculate Hole sizes Calculation options Pipe type Aspirator speed gt Snap grid Language Auto hole add wOoOn Ao AUNG ia bak u 5O H h e Om b amp w Nh Calculate Displays the Calculate dialog box The results screen can be viewed once a calculation has been successfully completed Hole sizes The default hole end cap capillary sizes and bend radius used when adding a hole to the layout are set in this dialog box Calculation options This dialog box sets up the way that the hole sizes are changed to optimize the flow balance when calculating the best hole sizes The maximum allowable transit time from the end cap is set for the maximum permissible transit time option The detector sensitivity that is used to calculate the sampling hole sensi
84. nsible for the installation configuration operation maintenance and testing of the system It is the responsibility of the professional installer described above to properly install and configure the systems Under no circumstances will Kidde Products Ltd be liable for improper installation maintenance testing or configuration of the systems PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide iii The technical data contained herein is provided for informational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional judgment Although Kidde Products Ltd believes this information to be true and correct it is published and presented without any guarantee or warranty whatsoever Kidde Products Ltd disclaims any liability for any use of the data other than as set out in this manual foreword included This manual provides instructions for handling and installing a Kidde Products Ltd Air Sampling Piping System Due to the life safety and loss prevention uses of such systems it is imperative that all information within this manual is thoroughly understood before starting the installation Kidde Products Ltd requires that all air sampling smoke detection systems using Kidde Products Ltd Air Sampling Piping System products be installed in accordance with this manual Advisory messages Advisory messages alert you to conditions or practices that can cause unwanted results The advisory messages used in this document are sho
85. nt should be installed and grounded in accordance with local regulation requirements Special precautionary measures are essential to prevent applying power to equipment at any time when maintenance work is in progress Before working on electrical equipment use a voltmeter to ensure that the system is not energized When working near electricity do not use metal rulers flashlights metallic pencils or any other objects having exposed conductive material When connecting a meter to terminals for measurement use a voltage range higher than expected voltage to be measured PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide vi PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 1 General information Summary This chapter provides general information about the PipeCAD modeling software Content Introduction 2 System description 2 About PipeCAD modeling software 2 About the sampling pipe network 3 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 1 General information Introduction This manual provides instructions for designing and installing an air sampling pipe system Due to the life safety and loss prevention uses of such systems it is imperative that all information within this manual is thoroughly understood before starting the installation For UL installations the manufacturer requires that all air sampling smoke detection systems using our CPVC Air Sampling Smoke Detection Pipe products b
86. o ensure sufficient flushing of the pipe network Make sure that the surrounding workspace is cleared from any debris Noisy sampling ports Occasionally one or more of the sampling holes may whistle The causes of this phenomenon are functions of the air density relative humidity air velocity and the shape of the sampling hole itself Little can be done about air density and relative humidity so a possible resolution lies with the shape of the sampling hole and the air velocity through it The whistle is caused by the sampled air being drawn over the sharp edges of the hole with sufficient velocity to make it resonate This condition may affect system performance if not remedied A common and effective approach to remedy this condition is to countersink the inlet to the hole This smoothes the airflow and reduces the depth of the hole itself Care should be taken to not increase the actual hole diameter itself but just to remove the sharp edges surrounding the hole 52 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 4 Installation of piping Figure 27 Correcting a noisy sampling port 1 1 Noisy sampling hole poor flow 2 Countersink the hole 3 No noise correct flow Installation of other sampling methods The standard pipe sampling method locating sampling holes strategically in a distribution network is a typical type of installation The installation procedures covered in the following sect
87. o ensure the highest integrity e Using proper tools the cut in should be made on the smallest diameter pipe section that is capable of adequately supplying the system changes in close proximity to the modification being made This approach expedites cure times prior to system operation e The cut in connection to the existing system should be made first prior to proceeding with additional work e Carefully review and follow solvent cementing procedures for proper joining techniques prior to commencing with cut in pipe must be cut square to proper length deburred beveled and dry to ensure proper insertion depth and highest integrity e Carefully measure and cut pipe to proper length to ensure complete insertion during assembly check the dry fit of the components being joined 48 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 4 Installation of piping During assembly of the cut in tee and other components it is important to make the 1 4 turn when inserting the pipe into the fitting This may require the use of several components assembled in combination with the cut in tee to create a short spool piece assembly This can be accomplished by using socket unions or couplings to ensure that a 1 4 turn can be obtained on all pipe connections being joined Prior to applying solvent cement use a clean dry rag to wipe moisture and dirt from the fitting socket and the pipe end the presence of moisture on the joining su
88. o reduce the grid size from for example 26 ft 8 m to 19 ft 6 m This reduction is likely to require an additional sampling pipe run The increased density of air sampling points would be beneficial providing the total number does not exceed our recommendations See Understanding basic design principles on page 28 for details If a satisfactory pattern of sampling holes is not possible using one detector then it may be necessary to use a second detector and associated sampling pipe network This has the benefit of the same area being protected by two detectors with smaller sampling pipe networks Refer to Figure 8 and Figure 9 for examples of how to meet coverage requirements 26 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling system the radius of cover does not meet requirements Figure 8 An unacceptable layout 1 Grid overlay 2 Sampling point Figure 9 Using a rectangular grid overlay 1 Grid overlay 2 Sampling point 27 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling system Compared to the spacing of detectors required by various codes and standards the spacing of sampling holes in these examples may seem excessive It must be remembered that the spacing required by these codes are almost wholly related to the cost and performance of conventional point smoke detectors whereas the cost of drilling a few more samplin
89. ocated before air exhausts from the building or before diluting return air with outside air e For accurate identification of the source of an alarm locate sampling pipe as close as possible to the protected area s air entry into the duct system e Locate sampling pipe on the downstream side of the filter to sense fire in the filters Note If filters are blocked sufficient airflow may no longer be present for proper operation e Do not locate sampling pipe near outside air inlets except to monitor smoke entry to the handling system for adjacent areas e Whenever possible locate sampling pipe upstream of air humidifiers and downstream of dehumidifiers Note Deviation from these recommended guidelines may reduce the performance of your air sampling pipe system and detector Return air grill sampling method Return air grill sampling is air sampling through a pipe network in front of or near the return air grill This method of air sampling is very effective in applications that have high volumes of air moving through their air handling system Return air grill sampling combined with another sampling method in an application will provide maximum coverage Typical examples of these applications are computer and related rooms telephone switch rooms microelectronic clean rooms atriums and auditorium areas When using the air grill sampling without another sampling method the smoke detection system will be ineffective when the ven
90. op down box to select DXF files dxf and browse to the relevant DXF file Click OK and the file is imported as a PipeCAD building outline 88 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 8 Designing the layout Drawing objects in draw mode In draw mode the following built in items can be inserted into the layout Room Outline Use the Outline Add icon on the toolbar or Draw gt Outline to draw the room outline for the pipe layout The outline is drawn in a color that is different than the color of the pipes A length of the room outline is drawn by pressing down the leftmost button of the mouse until the desired length is reached as displayed in the Toolbar Status Indicator located at the bottom left of the PipeCAD interface and continuing until the room is completed If a mistake is made click the arrow icon from the toolbar click on the relevant line to select it and then press the Del key Items such as doors can be shown to give some idea of scale to the layout Detector Use the Detector Add icon on the toolbar or Draw gt Detector and then click to place a detector into the layout Typically the detector position is set first in a layout Only one detector per layout is permitted Pipes Use the Pipe Add icon on the toolbar or Draw gt Pipe to draw a pipe into the layout A pipe is drawn dragging the mouse until the desired length is reached as displayed in the Toolbar Status Indicator located at t
91. ormat that can be used by NIST s Fire Dynamics Simulator FDS to model the complete system performance to an incident This item is available only if FDS is installed and flow calculations have been performed See Fire Dynamics Simulator software on page 68 for details of the FDS support Print Page Prints a hard copy of the currently displayed page on the printer selected in the Print Setup menu Print Run Prints a hard copy of the pipe layout schedules and results if valid of the current pipe run on the printer selected in the Print Setup menu Print setup Opens a dialog box to let you set the default printer type paper size and orientation Send Sends the loaded pipe run layout as an e mail attachment This feature is only available if e mail is enabled on the PC running PipeCAD Exit Ends the program If the current layout has not been saved a dialog box displays prompting you to save the file before exiting The Edit menu Use the Edit menu see Figure 36 below to cut and paste parts of pipe layouts on screen Figure 36 Edit menu Copy Ctrl C Select All Ctri A 76 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 7 Using PipeCAD Undo Reverses the effect of the last operation This command is only available if a previous operation was performed Cut Moves the selected object or objects to the clipboard and deletes them from the pipe layout This command is only available when one or mo
92. pe at the sampling point farthest from the detector The results of this test should be recorded on the commissioning check sheet A measured transport time of less than 120 seconds is acceptable To measure the maximum transport time of the system 1 Determine the farthest sampling point from the detector 2 Allow test smoke to enter the pipe at the farthest sampling point 3 Record the amount of time required for the detector to respond This is the actual maximum transport time This time must be less than 120 seconds to meet the requirements of NFPA Gross smoke testing The gross smoke test is a measurement of the amount of time elapsing from the activation of the smoke generating medium until PreAlarm and Alarm states are reached This test should be repeated at least three times with consistent results The recommended smoke generating medium is aerosol simulated smoke or a wire burner PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 61 Chapter 5 System commissioning Aerosol smoke spray There are a number of commercially available aerosol smoke sprays or canned smoke Refer to your supplier for a recommended product When using canned smoke introduce only enough smoke into the protected area to cause an Alarm condition This may require a number of practice sprays Follow manufacturer s instructions Caution Oil based canisters that are used to test point detectors are not suitable for testing aspirating system
93. perating when the measurements are taken These measurements must be recorded for use when designing the pipe network in the PipeCAD pipe modeling software Figure 3 Hand held anemometer Elbow standard 90 degree A standard 90 degree elbow is similar to that used in the plumbing industry Each elbow increases the resistance of the system Systems should be designed to minimize the number of elbows Extended sampling point ESP Extended sampling points are extensions of pipe from the pipe segment to the area being protected A typical use of an extended sampling point would be to drop a sampling point down from the main pipe segment into the protected area Sampling point SP Sampling points are plastic pipe network fittings designed for drop ceiling installations The sample point is connected to the pipe network by 3 8 in 9 5 mm capillary tubing and is predrilled with a 1 32 in 0 8 mm sample hole Note that a 2 mm hole size 5 64 in is the smallest hole that PipeCAD uses in pipe network calculations PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 13 Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling system Sampling hole Sampling holes are strategically located penetrations into a pipe segment through which air is drawn into the sampling system Refer to NFPA 72 or other local authorities for sample hole spacing requirements The sampling hole size is calculated using PipeCAD software System transport time System transpo
94. pports loading of CAD generated room or entire building drawings from DXF files The DXF file format is supported by most popular CAD packages including AutoCAD e Pipe layouts created in PipeCAD can be imported into other programs to help create complete site documentation e PipeCAD calculates sampling point airflow rates the balance between holes and pipes when multiple pipes are used and sampling point sensitivity e A designer can view estimated sensitivity and smoke transport time for each sampling pipe e Extensive hole size optimization routines enable PipeCAD to balance the flow rates through the holes to ensure consistent hole sensitivity along the entire pipe run PipeCAD can automatically increase the hole sizes to get within a specified transit time e Placement and sizing of sampling holes is automatically performed by PipeCAD 66 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 6 Introduction to PipeCAD e Adesigner can see the effect of changing detector type aspirator speed and hole quantity and size on system performance before finalizing the design e An automatically generated bill of materials gives the quantities part numbers and prices if entered of all pipe components used to make up a sampling pipe layout You can configure prices to reflect the current pricing levels of your company e PipeCAD supports NIST s Fire Dynamics Simulator allowing the complete system response time to be mod
95. r working away from the detector and progressing at intervals set by the hole every after that entry box until the end cap is reached on the pipe The Help menu Use the Help menu see Figure 40 below to start the online Help system and to determine the version of PipeCAD that is installed Figure 40 Help menu Help Contents Lansa amm n Oe oe aman ee aana saaa amma eee ee Contents Clicking Contents presents a Table of Contents which highlights the most important topics in the PipeCAD online Help system About Clicking About presents a window where the version of PipeCAD is presented in addition to information about the registered user and company name PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 81 Chapter 7 Using PipeCAD 82 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 8 Designing the layout Summary This chapter provides general design guidelines and also specific instructions on how to design a pipe layout using PipeCAD Content Introduction 84 General guidelines for designing a layout 84 Sampling pipe basics 84 The design cycle 85 Setting preferences 86 Zoom options 86 Snap grid options 86 2D versus 3D coordinate system 87 Creating the design 88 Using the optional Fast setup 88 Importing an AutoCAD DXF file 88 Drawing objects in draw mode 89 Editing objects in edit mode 89 Example of alayout 90 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 83 Chapter 8 Des
96. r Draws an outline of the detector All pipes start from the middle of this symbol PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 77 Chapter 7 Using PipeCAD Edit Sets the current mode to Edit mode Clicking on an object selects it and its position can then be moved or its size changed Double clicking on an object opens a dialog box where its attributes may be changed Endcap Draws an end cap in the default size End caps can only be placed on the ends of pipes To alter the size of the end cap double click on it to open a size dialog box Hole Draws a hole in the default hole size Holes can only be placed on pipes To alter the hole size double click on it to open a size dialog box Label Sets the current mode to label Double clicking inside the grid opens the label properties dialog box Outline Use the outline command to draw the room outline that the pipe layout is to protect The outline is drawn in a different color from the pipes To alter the size double click the outline to open a size dialog box Pipe Dragging draws a pipe of the required length As the pipe is being drawn in the layout its length is displayed in the Toolbar Status Indicator located at the bottom left of the PipeCAD window To alter the size of the pipe double click on it to open a size dialog box The View menu Use the View menu see Figure 38 below to show the pipe layout in plan or three dimensional view to set the pipe run to display
97. rage height For this reason it would be necessary to redesign the sampling pipe network to incorporate a fourth run This may also involve repositioning the detector With the sampling pipe layout design revised to incorporate four shorter runs of pipe the system should be remodeled on PipeCAD to check the validity of the changes The most likely result is that the far end response times will fall significantly and if a larger number of holes is included the area covered by each sampling hole will be reduced The overall result is that the revised system will offer more efficient detection and will exceed the minimum acceptable performance requirements The PipeCAD modeling program also allows the designer to modify the size or number of sampling holes to increase or decrease the general sensitivity of the system in particular regions of the area to be protected For example ina general office there may be one piece of equipment that is considered to be an asset of high risk and high value By increasing the diameter of the sampling holes protecting this region of the room a greater proportion of the total air sampled will be drawn from it and will therefore have a proportionally higher overall sensitivity It should be remembered that the remainder of the sampling holes would have a proportionally lower sensitivity Increasing the diameter of the holes is equivalent to drilling a greater number of holes in the same stretch of sampling pipe
98. re objects are selected The current contents of the clipboard are overwritten Copy Copies the selected object or objects to the clipboard This command is only available when one or more objects are selected The current contents of the clipboard are overwritten Once an object has been copied to the clipboard it may be pasted into any application that supports import of Windows metafiles Paste Copies one or more objects to the layout from the clipboard The objects in the clipboard must have been stored with a previous Copy or Cut command This command is unavailable if the clipboard is empty Select All Selects all objects displayed in the current layout Delete Deletes the selected object or objects This command is only available when one or more objects are selected Properties Edits the selected properties of one or more objects such as position and size This command is only available when one or more objects are selected This command can also be issued by double clicking on an object in Edit mode The Draw menu Use the Draw menu see Figure 37 below to either insert a new object into the layout via Draw mode or edit an existing object via Edit mode Figure 37 Draw menu Capillary Detector v Edit Endcap Hole Label Outline Pipe Capillary Draws a capillary wherever you click Capillaries can only be placed on pipes To alter a capillary tube length double click on it to open a size dialog box Detecto
99. revailing winds What is the normal state of the air within the area Are the temperature and relative humidity stable or fluctuating PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 15 Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling system e Are there any activities that can produce smoke heat fumes dust steam or flames inside the area to be protected If so are they a continuous process or do they only occur at particular times e ls the smoking of tobacco allowed in the area e Itis important that careful notes be taken regarding the ambient conditions particularly any air movements as these have considerable bearing on the design of the sampling pipe network and the location and type of sampling hole to be used Materials risk assessment Having made a detailed survey of the physical and environmental characteristics of the area to be protected careful notes should also be taken on the position and type of combustible materials present While the purpose of providing a high efficiency detection system may be to protect a particular object it must be remembered that given the right circumstances anything in the space presents a fire or smoke hazard It is possible that support services present the highest risk within the area to be protected Knowledge of this assists in determining what sampling methods are to be used where to position the sampling holes and the potential sensitivity range required from the detector Some exampl
100. rfaces reduces joint integrity Use a new can of cement when making cut in connections Verify expiration dates stamped on can prior to use After all work is completed the cut in joints must be allowed to cure properly prior to system operation according to the minimum cure times shown in Table 4 on page 44 Pipework Pipework should follow these guidelines Sampling pipes should be made from a nonhazardous material and should be clearly identified The ideal internal diameter of sampling pipes is 3 4 in 20 mm Other sizes will often work but will provide different response times Ideally if the total length of sampling pipe is greater than 164 ft 50 m then multiple pipes should be used When using multiple sampling pipes care should be taken to achieve a reasonable degree of balance say within 10 of airflow to ensure even suction from the pipes Maximum recommended total sampling pipe lengths are listed below Maximum pipe length 200 m 656 ft for four pipe detector Maximum pipe length 100 m 330 ft for two pipe detector Maximum pipe length 50 m 164 ft for one pipe detector Sampling pipes must have capped ends The end cap should be drilled with a sampling hole normally between 0 16 in to 0 20 in 4 to 5 mm in diameter and free from burrs Sampling holes should normally be 0 12 in to 0 16 in 3 to 4 mm in diameter or as calculated by PipeCAD and free from burrs A pipe run should not
101. rilled at low speed with minimum force and at a right angle Caution Using a blunt drill and forcing it into the pipe at high speed will throw debris into the sampling pipe and cause internal burrs which may result in disruptions Carelessly drilled holes particularly in small diameters can seriously affect the overall response of a system and may ultimately cause a system to fail inspection Figure 25 Careful drilling of sampling holes ensures correct flow PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 51 Chapter 4 Installation of piping As an aid to locating and identifying sampling points a label should surround each point A suitable label is shown in the illustration below Figure 26 Sampling hole identification label Detector No SAMPLE POINT DO NOT PAINT OR OBSTRUCT Make sure that holes are clean from burrs by using a deburring tool where necessary As drilling holes creates debris within the pipe and the surrounding workplace make sure that all debris is removed from the pipe section by either shaking the pipe vertically if drilling sample points prior to installing the pipe section or by using a shop vacuum sufficiently sized to flush the pipe network prior to system operation This is usually done by inserting the nozzle of a shop vacuum into the end of the sample pipe where it is intended to enter the detector inlet Make sure that the pipe network end caps are not in place when performing this task t
102. rograms gt PipeCad folder PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 69 Chapter 6 Introduction to PipeCAD 70 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 7 Using PipeCAD Summary This chapter explains how to use PipeCAD pipe modeling software Content Introduction 72 Starting PipeCAD 72 Creating a new project 72 Opening an existing project 73 Overview of the PipeCAD toolbar 73 Overview of the PipeCAD menus 75 The File menu 75 The Edit menu 76 The Draw menu 77 The View menu 78 The Options menu 79 The Help menu 81 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 71 Chapter 7 Using PipeCAD Introduction This chapter explains how to use PipeCAD pipe modeling software It covers how to start the program and create a new project or open an existing project An overview of the PipeCAD menu bar and toolbars is also provided in this chapter Starting PipeCAD Once installed PipeCAD can be started from the Windows Start gt Programs gt PipeCad folder The PipeCAD window The PipeCAD window shown in Figure 32 below opens when the program is started The menu bar at the top of the window contains the PipeCAD commands arranged on drop down menus A toolbar containing shortcuts for the most commonly used menu commands is located at the top of the window Figure 32 PipeCAD window Ble Edit Draw View Options Help an azaiera T 21914D4 alal a 2 Creating a new project To
103. ropriate Once the level of compensation corresponds to 120 of the original signal value the detector would then be automatically maintained at a considerably lower level PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 37 Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling system Calculating system performance with PipeCAD The final stage in the design process is to predict how the installed system will perform The use of the PipeCAD pipe modeling software is required to achieve this Having entered the relevant information into the modeling software the designer is able to determine the efficiency of the system design in relation to the performance specification When evaluating the results of the modeling calculation the designer should remember the program can only estimate sample transit times within the sampling pipe network itself The physical characteristics of the protected area and the time taken for any by products of combustion to reach the network should also be considered when evaluating the results See Understanding basic design principles on page 28 for details Having fully evaluated the results of a PipeCAD model the designer may consider that the proposed sampling pipe network would not meet the performance targets For example a network designed using three sampling pipes produces response times that because of their length are on the limit of what is considered acceptable particularly as the area involved is above ave
104. rt time is the time required for smoke to travel from the farthest sampling hole in the system to the detector Note NFPA 72 requires a maximum transport time of 120 seconds All UL listed systems must have a maximum transport time of 120 seconds Surveying the site Before surveying the spaces requiring protection the designer should determine whether or not current site drawings are available In addition to site drawings determine whether a specification is available that indicates what level of performance is expected from the completed air sampling system In addition to site drawings and specifications the following factors should be considered Activities within the space The type of activity within the space requiring protection and its physical characteristics should be considered when deciding which sampling methods should be used and an appropriate level of performance Some types of activities are identified below e Microelectronics clean rooms e Electronic data processing rooms communications switch rooms control rooms e Offices e Public spaces such as shops theaters libraries museums conference centers cinemas churches e Dormitory areas such as hotels detention centers barracks hostels hospitals e Historic buildings e Warehouses factories plant rooms e Freezer and cold stores Inquiries should also be made about factors that may affect decisions relating to the system design including but no
105. s as the particulate is heavy and tends to drop out in the pipe never actually reaching the detector Also the oily residue that is left behind may affect the functionality of the detector Wire burner tests The wire burner test is considered the most representative test of incipient fire hazard detection in telecommunications or computer room environments The test is performed by applying a voltage to a piece of PVC insulated cable Smoke is produced from the overheated PVC insulation by evaporation and condensation of the plasticizer As the wire becomes hotter hydrogen chloride HCI gas is emitted from the insulation The byproducts of overheated PVC insulation can be detected by the detector Wire burner Test 1 optional The following test is considered unlikely to produce hydrochloric acid vapor This test may be undertaken in underfloor spaces or ceiling voids 1 Connect a 6 5 ft 2 m length of wire to a 6 VAC source of at least 16 A rating per wire for a period of 3 minutes 2 The system should respond within 120 seconds of cessation of energization After this period very little smoke is given off Notes e The wire is subject to cooling if positioned in direct contact with airflows and may need to be shielded e The wire should be 10 AWG with the following diameter and area Diameter 2 59 mm or 0 10189 in Cross section area 5 0 mm2 or 0 00775 in Wire burner Test 2 optional WARNING The following test
106. se tools specifically designed for plastic pipe and fittings PVA coated protective gloves are recommended for use while solvent cementing If your hands come in contact with solvent cement use a waterless abrasive soap When solvent cementing avoid sources of heat or open flames and do not smoke Always chamfer and deburr pipe ends When applying cement prevent excessive solvents from running into the pipe or fitting socket When bottoming a joint rotate the pipe 1 4 turn If a specific alignment is required dry mark the pipe or use quarter marks on fittings Refer to Recommended cut in procedures on page 48 Do not bend or twist an air sampling smoke detection pipe system before waiting for the recommended cure times Keep in mind that the piping materials expand and contract with changes in temperature PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 57 Chapter 4 Installation of piping 58 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 5 system commissioning Summary This chapter covers the commissioning procedures for the air sampling pipe system and detectors Content Introduction 60 Commissioning 60 Precommissioning preparation 60 Ambient monitoring 61 Airflow test 61 Transport time verification 61 Gross smoke testing 61 Aerosol smoke spray 62 Wire burner tests 62 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 59 Chapter 5 System commissioning Introduction This chapt
107. sible in the original packaging to keep the product free from debris and help reduce the possibility of damage Do not exceed a maximum storage temperature of 110 F 43 C The CPVC air sampling smoke detection pipe must be covered with a nontransparent material when stored outdoors Brief exposure to direct sunlight on the job site may result in color fading but will not affect physical properties 40 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 4 Installation of piping Caution Inspect the product carefully before installation Do not install product that has visible signs of gouging splits or irregularities that may otherwise affect the integrity of the system Product ratings and capabilities CPVC air sampling smoke detection pipe is produced in SDR 13 5 dimensions SDR or standard dimensional ratio means the pipe wall thickness is directly proportional to the outside diameter Our CPVC air sampling smoke detection pipe is produced to the specifications of ASTM F442 Refer to Table 3 below for recommended pipe dimensions Table 3 CPVC air sampling smoke detector pipe dimensions Normal pipe size Average OD Average ID Pounds per feet 0 75 20 0 1 050 26 7 0 874 22 5 0 168 Thermal expansion CPVC air sampling smoke detection pipe products like all piping materials expand and contract with temperature The coefficient of linear expansion is 0 0000340 inch inch F 61 2um m C A 25 F change
108. st possible sensitivity to maintain the statistical probability of an unwanted alarm The adjustment of sensitivity is a continually ongoing process Choosing an alarm factor that offers the greatest possibility of an unwanted alarm for example once a year increases the potential sensitivity of the detector Choosing an alarm factor that offers the lowest possibility of an unwanted alarm for example once in 1 000 years reduces the potential sensitivity of the detector For more details and guidance about the ClassiFire feature see e SenseNET Software User Guide e Remote Control Software User Guide Absolute versus relative scaling Proponents of other smoke detection systems promote the advantage of absolute scaling Far from being an advantage absolute scaling is a major disadvantage Until the advent of aspirating detectors the only method of adjusting a high sensitivity smoke detector to suit its operational environment was to estimate or measure the effects of normal airborne pollution over a period of days Alarm thresholds were manually set to compensate for this pollution to trigger alarms by abnormal smoke densities Detectors with absolute scaling any aspirating system other than ours are designed so that the smoke level bar graph corresponds to the detector output given by a perfectly clean environment There are several problems with this approach e The pollution present in most environments results in the det
109. stem Our detectors are the only high sensitivity aspirating smoke detection systems to apply relative scaling This fundamentally different and patented ClassiFire technology automatically adjusts the detector bar graph so that only pollution greater than the mean average levels measured over the preceding hours is indicated on the bar graph The assessment of the mean level is an automatic and continually updating process The variation in the underlying signal is also measured and bar graph scaling calculated which is relative to the underlying fluctuations in background pollution and the probability of those fluctuations creating an unwanted alarm Both these features are integrated into the ClassiFire process allowing an optimum sensitivity to be set automatically and continuously maintained Consider the following scenario Take an absolute scaled detector fixed to 0 027 obs ft 0 1 obs m full scale 0 0003 obs ft 0 01 obs m per bar graph segment Fire alarm level is set at bar graph 8 0 08 obscuration per meter The alarm level could be set at any level between 4 and 10 for example With an underlying room pollution level of 0 0007 obs ft 0 02 obs m which would be a typical level in most clean environments the absolutely scaled system will show 2 bars illuminated in normal operation If the pollution level were to increase by 50 to 0 006 obs ft 0 03 obs m then only one more bar would illuminate To a se
110. strainer and can be mounted from the top or bottom of a beam The fastener mounting edges are designed to allow the screws to be installed horizontally This is a benefit when overhead clearance is limited Figure 22 Hanger or restrainer mounted from a beam CE z PE Band hanger restrainer The illustration below shows a fastener which functions as both a hanger and restrainer This easily installed combination restricts the upward movement of the pipe while not allowing the threaded support rod to contact the pipe 46 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 4 Installation of piping Figure 23 Band hanger or restrainer Recommended method for securing CPVC sample pipe vertically e Vertical piping must be supported at intervals to avoid placing excessive load on a fitting at the lower end Do this by using riser clamps or double bolt pipe clamps The clamps must not exert compressive stresses on the pipe If possible the clamps should be located just below a fitting so that the shoulder of the fitting rests against the clamp If necessary a coupling can be modified and adhered to the pipe as a bearing support so that the shoulder of the fitting rests on the clamp e Do not use riser clamps that squeeze the pipe and depend on compression of the pipe to support the weight e Hangers and straps must not compress distort cut or abrade the piping and must allow for free movement of the pipe to allow for ther
111. t thread end first into hole until sampling point is flush with surface 4 Install the thumbscrew onto the sample point threads tighten until snug 5 Install and tighten the male capillary tube adapter to the T fitting 6 Place the capillary tubing onto the male capillary tube adapter Cut the tubing 9 to the desired size Place the sized tubing into the male connector and tighten the compression nut Place the tubing into the female capillary tube adapter Insert the female capillary tube adapter onto the sampling point thread and tighten it while using a wrench to prevent the sampling point from rotating Use a wrench to tighten the female capillary tube adapter to the nut 10 Apply a label to identify the sampling point See Figure 29 below Figure 29 Capillary sampling point label Return air duct sampling installation The following duct sampling pipe requirements should be noted The intake sampling tube must face into the airflow The intake sampling tube must go through the duct and be closed ended capped Holes in the sampling tube must be spaced approximately every 4 in 100 mm The exhaust tube must extend a minimum of 2 in 60 mm into the duct The total pipe network including the return must not exceed maximum pipe length of the chosen detector Intake and exhaust tubes should be UL category QNVT rated for return air plenums PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 55
112. t calculates this is by using the position of existing objects thus there are limitations about the sequence in which objects can be entered Pipes for instance can only be added to the end of existing pipes or to the detector so that their positions can be calculated correctly Sampling pipe basics The following guidelines should be considered when designing a sampling pipe layout e The ideal internal diameter of sampling pipes is 3 4 in 20 mm with an outside diameter of 1 in 25 4 mm 84 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 8 Designing the layout Ideally if the total length of sampling pipe is greater than as specified in Recommended maximum pipe length on page 28 then multiple pipes should be used to keep transport time within reasonable limits When using multiple sampling pipes care should be taken to achieve a reasonable degree of balance to ensure even suction from the pipes T joints are not recommended as better performance is usually obtained by not using them although this program does support Ts if their use is unavoidable Caution This program has been designed for calculation within well defined detector limits Exceeding these limits can give inaccurate results If you exceed these limits which are outside of pipe design rules results cannot be guaranteed and may possibly be inaccurate The design cycle The design cycle the process for modeling a basic system design
113. t limited to the common or expected hours of operation whether the space is manned or unmanned and whether there are periods when customary activities may create unusually high levels of smoke pollution 14 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling system Physical characteristics Some questions to consider about the physical characteristics are Types of spaces requiring protection Are they rooms void spaces cabinets or enclosures Floor and ceiling voids Does the space have floor or ceiling voids If so do they extend beyond the space Are they subdivided into compartments Are there any trenches or ducts What are the voids used for What services already run within them Are the voids accessible Dimensions of the spaces Measure and record the lengths widths and heights of the areas to be protected Construction materials What materials have been used to build the spaces Are the materials substantial Have any decorative materials been included What notable fixtures are there Compartments Is the space subdivided into smaller compartments If so are the compartments substantial Do walls or partitions fully enclose the compartment or does it share a floor or ceiling void with another space Are there fire barriers across shared voids Are the barriers complete Existing fire protection systems Are there any existing systems If so where are they situated
114. ten required in standards or codes Figure 6 on page 25 illustrates the principle 24 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling system Figure 6 Using a tracing overlay square grid on the plan of the area to be protected 1 2 1 Customer call center 2 Grid overlay 3 Sampling point For those designers who are often involved with aspirating smoke detection systems it may be worthwhile to draw up a set of overlay sheets in the most common scales for example 1 50 1 100 1 200 There are often cases where a square grid arrangement is not suitable and a rectangular grid would be appropriate These are usually e In small areas that may only practically accommodate one or two sampling pipe runs e Larger spaces whose area would place the sampling holes outside the maximum limits for sampling hole separation when using a square grid overlay In a smaller area a rectangular grid may be used that decreases the spacing of sampling points in one direction while maintaining the specified spacing in the other direction Figure 7 on page 26 illustrates how this is done PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 25 Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling system Figure 7 Using a rectangular grid overlay 1 Equipment hall 2 Grid overlay 3 Sampling point Where the required square grid overlay does not give adequate cover over a larger area it would be necessary t
115. the piping The exhaust port should be piped to the same area as the sampling network when there is a differential in pressure from where the detector is installed However the detector may be installed in an area containing static pressures that are negative with respect to where the piping is installed One aspirating detector can protect multiple areas of differing static pressures Static pressure differential can be measured with a magnehelic pressure gauge shown in Figure 14 on page 34 To measure differential pressure connect tubing from the greater of two pressure sources to either high pressure port and the lower to either low pressure port Plug both unused ports Read the static pressure differential on the gauge making certain that the magnehelic gauge is held parallel to the floor PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 33 Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling system Figure 14 Magnehelic gauge pm OF aot f 6 Detector thresholds and potential sensitivity The unique ClassiFire artificial intelligence used in our detectors eliminates the need to set detector thresholds that compensate for normal variations in ambient pollution levels Choosing from a range of known false alarm rates alarm factors during the commissioning process allows the detector to begin a learning process about the environment from which it is sampling air Once it has completed an initial learning phase it operates at the highe
116. the sampling pipe network 23 P Pipe layout verification 102 Pipe network design terms and details 12 PipeCAD Launching PipeCAD 72 PipeCAD software Addition features 110 Creating a new project 72 Creating the design 88 Features 66 Installing PipeCAD software 68 Opening an existing project 73 Overview of the PipeCAD menus 75 Overview of the PipeCAD toolbar 73 Setting preferences 86 System requirements 68 Planning the air sampling network 10 R Regulatory information iii Regulatory requirements 10 S Safety summary iv Sampling hole 14 Sampling methods 19 Capillary sampling method 21 Return air duct sampling method 21 Return air grill sampling method 22 Standard pipe sampling method 20 Sampling point SP 13 Surveying the site 14 System transport time 14 Systems Primary sampling system 11 Secondary sampling system 11 115 Index 116 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide
117. the smoke detection system becomes ineffective Our HSSD detectors are UL 268A and CAN ULC S529 approved for duct applications with an operating air velocity range of 300 to 4000 ft min 1 52 to 20 32 m sec The following guidelines apply e Only one duct can be monitored per detector e Ifthe air sampling pipe system and aspirating detector is used as the primary smoke detection system methods should be employed to notify stoppage of airflow in the ducts e The exhaust air from the detector must be returned back to the duct using an exhaust port adapter and associated piping This requirement assures positive airflow through the detector PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide 21 Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling system e Locate sampling pipe in the main supply duct return side downstream of the filters and a minimum of six duct widths from any source of turbulence such as bends inlets or deflection plates to reduce the effects of stratification In installations where the filter is capable of removing smoke install the sampling tube upstream of the filter Note Where it is physically impossible to locate the sampling pipe in accordance with this guideline the sampling pipe may be positioned closer than six duct widths but as far as possible from inlets bends or deflection plates e Locate the sampling pipe such that dampers do not restrict airflow at the sampling pipe e The sampling pipe should be l
118. the toolbar When the Edit icon is depressed PipeCAD is in edit mode Items can be moved or adjusted using edit mode Moving an object Select an object with the mouse the object turns red Drag the object to the desired location Moving multiple objects Drag a box around the objects to be moved the objects turn red Press and hold the Shift key while you drag the objects to the new location Changing an object s attributes In Edit mode if an object is double clicked a dialog box displays the object s attributes such as size for holes or length for capillaries or pipes An object s attributes can be changed directly in the dialog box and are updated immediately in the layout Table 7 below provides a list of the editable parameters for each object Table 7 Parameters that can be modified in edit mode Object Parameter Detector X Y Z coordinates Pipe section Pipe section length beginning and end X Y Z coordinates Sampling hole Hole diameter X Y Z coordinates must be on a pipe Capillary Capillary length hole diameter X Y Z coordinates must be ona pipe Endcap Hole diameter X Y Z coordinates must be on a pipe Building outline Line section length beginning and end X Y Z coordinates Label Label text label width and height display or hide label bounding box X Y Z coordinates Example of a layout The next pages provide an example of a design to discuss the steps involved in creating a layout
119. til within the set limits 4 The sensitivity of each sampling hole is displayed using the values that you enter in the Calculate gt Options dialog box These values should match the value that is indicated on the histogram viewer after the detector protecting the room has completed its FastLearn process Entering calculation options After the designer is satisfied with the layout the calculation options should be specified Selecting calculation type Clicking Options gt Calculate opens the Calculate dialog box see Figure 57 on page 103 which lets you set parameters for the verification process 102 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 9 Verifying the layout Figure 57 Calculate dialog box x calculation e ve Calculate Use set hole sizes C Best flow balance C Max permissible transit time i Use set hole sizes Select this option if it is essential to have complete control over the hole sizes Only flow calculations are performed Sampling hole and capillary tube sizes are not modified during verification of results The default hole sizes used when adding holes to the layout can be changed with the Options gt Hole Sizes command Best flow balance Select this option to allow individual hole sizes to be modified within the limits specified in the Hole Calculation Options dialog box to achieve a balance of flow that is within the limit set No checks are made on the transit time
120. tilation system is inoperative If this method is being used as the primary smoke detection system the grill should be monitored for stoppage of airflow 22 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 3 Designing an air sampling system Mapping the sampling pipe network Once a choice has been made on a sampling method or methods for the areas requiring protection the designer can begin the process of producing a map of the sampling pipe and air sampling hole network Basic criteria such as hole spacing and other recommended practices for sampling pipe network design are detailed in the following paragraphs Basic do s and don ts Sampling pipe design requires the designer to follow fundamental rules Deviating from the rules summarized below affects the performance of the system e Locate sampling points only in positions to which smoke may reasonably be expected to propagate while maintaining the necessary listing authority s guidelines for coverage Failure to correctly locate sampling points increases the dilution of smoke entering the detection system and reduces performance For example in high airflow environments it is unlikely that satisfactory performance will be achieved with ceiling mounted sampling points The cool precombustion particles generated by an electrical overload are unlikely to have sufficient thermal buoyancy to allow smoke particles to rise to ceiling level Locate sampling points at the
121. tivity and detector type are also set in this dialog box Pipe type There are various pipe types defined as standard and one of these can be selected in this dialog box If no standard pipe type is considered suitable then a new pipe type can be defined by entering its internal diameter and wall thickness Aspirator speed The aspirator speed must be set to the same speed as that of the detector when installed to get an accurate estimation of smoke transit times The number of speeds shown varies with the detector type selected in Calculation options Snap grid All entered holes are set to multiples of the snap grid size The size of this grid can be changed if required When drawing sampling pipe arrangements on screen the snap grid allows directional changes to be made 80 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 7 Using PipeCAD only in the correct engineering drawing perspective If unusual pipe lengths are required then the snap grid must be changed to allow the correct lengths of pipe to be entered The snap grid can be set to be visible or invisible Text and symbols on the layout are scaled to the snap grid size to enable easier viewing Auto hole add Clicking this item opens the Auto Hole Add dialog box This allows automatic placing of holes on the sampling pipe at appropriate positions greatly speeding up entry of pipe layouts Holes are added starting at the specified distance to first hole from detecto
122. wn and described below WARNING Warning messages advise you of hazards that could result in injury or loss of life They tell you which actions to take or to avoid in order to prevent the injury or loss of life Caution Caution messages advise you of possible equipment damage They tell you which actions to take or to avoid in order to prevent the damage Note Note messages advise you of the possible loss of time or effort They describe how to avoid the loss Notes are also used to point out important information that you should read Safety summary Note The following must be observed to maintain personnel safety The following general safety notices supplement specific warnings and cautions appearing in the manual The safety precautions in this section must be understood and applied during operation and maintenance Test equipment Make certain test equipment is in good operating condition Do not touch live equipment or personnel working on live equipment while holding a test meter Some types of measuring devices should not be grounded these devices should not be held when taking measurements iv PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide First aid Any injury no matter how slight should never go unattended Always obtain first aid or medical attention immediately General precautions The following general safety precautions are to be observed at all times All electrical components associated with equipme
123. x opens see Figure 42 on page 87 86 PipeCAD System Design and Installation User Guide Chapter 8 Designing the layout Figure 42 Snap Grid dialog box Snap grid xj Snap grid size 1 00 ft Snap grid area 90 00 ft per side Display snap grid The Snap Grid settings control how fine the divisions of the snap grid are that is the smallest length increment allowed for drawn lines The settings in this dialog box are effectively used to set up a scale for the layout Click OK to save the settings when you are done Snap Grid Size Enter the measurement in feet that the grid paper should represent permitting a small allowance for a border Snap Grid Area Enter the value which denotes the size represented by each box within the grid Display Snap Grid Select this check box to display the snap grid clear the check box to hide the snap grid in the PipeCAD window 2D versus 3D coordinate system Two options are available when selecting the view in the View menu Plan or Three Dimensional Plan Clicking this item sets up a two dimensional view of the layout in which an overhead view is drawn of the installation Any point on the drawing is specified by two coordinates X width left to right on the screen Z depth up and down on the screen Note When designing a layout in the Plan coordinate system remember to add the additional pipe required to reach ceiling level or make an allowance when considering transport
124. y voids the warranty on the pipe and fittings Hangers and supports Because CPVC air sampling smoke detection pipe is rigid it requires fewer supports than flexible plastic systems Vertical runs must be supported so as not to place the weight of the run on a fitting or joint Horizontal runs must be braced so that stress loads caused by bending or snaking the pipe is not placed ona fitting or joint Table 5 below shows recommended support spacing Sampling pipe must be supported at every change in direction before and after wall penetration and in accordance with the spacing shown in Table 5 below Table 5 Recommended support for piping system Nominal pipe size Maximum support spacing Inches Millimeters Feet Meters 3 4 20 5 5 1 7 Some hangers designed for metal pipe may support the CPVC air sampling smoke detection pipe but their suitability must be clearly established The pipe hanger must have a load bearing surface of at least 1 2 in 18 mm Hangers with sufficient load bearing surface must be selected based on pipe size i e 3 4 in hangers for 3 4 in pipe The hanger must not have rough or sharp edges which come in contact with the pipe Hangers must not be of a type which binds the pipe from movement Pipe hangers are available that have been designed and tested for use with CPVC plastic only and are UL Listed for this purpose These products incorporate special features which are designed to protect the pipe an
125. zation smoke detector The definition of respond depends on the source of the document relating to aspirating smoke detectors For this test it was understood that a fire should have been signaled and the appropriate fire indicator lit On the four pipe detector this output is fixed against the eighth level Level 8 of the bar graph display which means the four pipe detector was able to recognize changes in smoke density of 1 8th of 0 01 obs ft 0 05 obs m or 0 0063 The fact that during testing the output of the four pipe detector went well over twice the capacity of the bar graph display indicates why the four pipe detector has the potential to detect aerosols that create an obscuration of 0 0001 per ft 0 003 per meter The question of where and how many holes should be drilled is discussed later in this section The effect of drilling more or fewer holes in the sampling pipe network is discussed in Understanding basic design principles on page 28 Figure 12 below provides an example of an aspirating detector that would generate a fire signal when the smoke density in the sampled air reached a value that would cause an obscuration of 0 027 per ft 0 1 per meter Figure 12 Example of a room with eight sampling holes This room has eight calibrated sampling holes drilled to give a certain area coverage Assuming smoke enters a single hole the sensitivity of that hole at the detector would be 0 0

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