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1. Hz 0 000 a 1 0000 000 O f all four instruments the voltmeter has the lowest settings priority This means that if for example the oscilloscope is active the record length The voltmeter 67 presamples and post samples of the oscilloscope are used in the voltme ter The voltmeter only uses post samples to perform the calculations If less than 200 post samples are available no calculations are done and a message is displayed The only setting that can be changed by the voltme ter when the oscilloscope or spectrum analyzer is active is the sample frequency The measure system of the voltmeter 68 The voltmeter takes 200 samples of the input signal with a certain sample frequency These 200 samples are used to perform several calculations The voltmeter has a limited frequency range in which the measurements are performed correctly If the periodical time of the input signal is much larger than the measuring time a wrong value is measured See the next illustration tPeak Peak value 200 samples If the time in which the 200 samples are taken is too long in relation to the periodical time of the input signal aliasing can occur see also the chap ter about the oscilloscope Setting the frequency range To avoid errors like the ones mentioned above the frequency range of the voltmeter has to be set properly The sampling frequency is then changed By activating the choice Frequency range from the
2. Both ways will bring up a load dialog in which a drive directory and file can be selected When a file is selected and the O K button is pressed the waveform will be read from disk Each waveform consists of three files a DAT file a GEG file and a REF file If one of these files is missing or the waveform data is not compatible an error is generated The software 25 26 When a waveform is saved by the spectrm analyzer a fourth file is wri teen a FFT This file contains the spectrum as it is displayed on the screen in an ASCII Comma Separated Values file This file can not be read in the measurement software again but can be used in external applications like spread sheet programs The data file type in which the data is written will be determined by the software and the correct reading functions are used Then the data is read according to the W aveform read method that is set After reading the data the instrument is set to Pause not required in the Transient recorder to avoid the data being replaced by new measured data Note Measurement data stored in the voltmeter can be read in the oscil loscope and the transient recorder The values of display 1 of channel 1 will be placed in channel 1 of the transient recorder The values of display 2 of channel 1 will be placed in Reference 1 of the transient recorder The values of display 1 of channel 2 will be placed in channel 2 of the transient recorder The values
3. To change the record length using the menu enter the Frequency axis menu and select the Record length item Another menu will pop up containing the available record lengths The Frequency axis menu can also be entered by pressing the right mouse button over one of the frequency axis controls or read outs For changing the record length the following function keys are available lt F11 gt Select a shorter record length lt F12 gt Select a longer record length Note Calculating a spectrum is time consuming The time need for cal culating a spectrum is strongly dependent on the calculating power of the computer and of the selected record length Setting up the FFT 104 FFT window function To reduce smearing errors See Windowing a windowing function can be selected To select a windowing function press the Window button Eig or select the item FFT window function from the Settings menu A dialog will appear in which the requested window can be selected A graphic display will show effect of the windowing function on the sampled signal Chapter 5 The available window types are rectangular all data is not changed Blackman Harris sinusoidal Blackman sinusoidal Hanning sinusoidal Hamming sinusoidal Bartlett triangular Parzen triangular Welch sinusoidal Performing measurements When all settings are made measurements can be made Start and stop measuring To avoid a new screen of me
4. To save measured data for later examination it can be stored on disk This can be done in two ways by activating the Write waveform to disk item from the File menu in the oscilloscope transient recorder or spec trum analyzer or by clicking the Write waveform button m Note The voltmeter has a completely different way of storing measure ment data to disk This will be discussed in the chapter voltmeter Both ways will bring a save dialog in which the drive the directory and the filename can be entered When a name is entered and the OK button is pressed all waveforms will be saved together with the settings of the instrument and the references Three files are written a file with the extension DAT containing the waveform data of both channels and both references a file with the extension GEG containing the instrument settings a file with the extension REF containing the reference channels settings The files containing the settings are ASCII files with a windows IN file structure The DAT file can be either binary or in ASCII When the file already exists a warning will be given When the disk is full the file will not be written and an error will be put on the screen Setting the data file type The waveform data can be stored in a binary and in an ASCII format The binary format is built of records of 16 bytes large The first two bytes are for channel 1 bytes 3 and 4 are for channel 2 bytes 5 and 6 are for
5. In the dialog also a check box for an infinite time out is available When this box is checked the software will keep waiting for the input signal to meet the trigger settings without ever forcing a trigger pulse This can be very useful in one shot measurements and with auto disk measuring Performing measurements When the oscilloscope is completely set up measurements can be per formed By default the oscilloscope is always measuring and displaying Changes that are made in the settings can be made while measuring and will be executed while measuring so the effects are immediately visible The oscilloscope 57 58 Stopping the measurements To avoid a new screen of measurement data replacing an old screen measuring and displaying of data can be stopped This can be done in several ways by pressing the Pause button m by pressing the lt S gt key or by activating the item Stop continuous measuring from the M easure menu When measuring is stopped the latest measured data will remain on the screen The Pause button changes to a Play button J gt and the One shot button Je becomes available The measured signal can now be examined To perform a single measurement press the One shot button press the lt O gt key or activate the Perform a single measurement item from the M easure menu Continuous measuring can be started again by pressing the Play button the lt S gt key or the item Start continuous
6. Setting display colors The colors of channel 1 channel 2 reference signal 1 reference signal 2 math signal trigger symbol timebase background grid and cursors can be set to your own preferences Press the Display colors button on the Common page and a dialog will appear in which the settings can be ma de Chapter 1 Setting the application language By selecting the language selection pull down on the Common page you can select an other language to be used in the application The program will instantly switch to the selected language Also a help file in the selec ted language will be opened when the Help function is activated Setting the location of files By pressing the Directories button on the Common page it is possible to set the directories for the files the program works with A popup menu will appear From this menu you can select a directory which you wish to change After selecting a directory an input dialog appears in which you can enter the name for directory Default text on the printer output It is possible to add three lines of text to the application These lines of text will be placed on every printout They are placed on the upper left corner of the printout Enter here e g the company address employee name telephone number etc To enter the text click the button Default text on the Common page and an input dialog will appear The three lines of text can be entered here To switch between the thr
7. The Cursors menu can be found in the main menu or can be called by clicking the right mouse button in the signal display When the cursors are switched off the cursor readout window disappear as well The cursors can also be switched off by clicking the close button m in the cursor readout window Chapter 2 Chapter 3 The voltmeter If from the input signals only the size is important and not the time infor mation or frequency components a voltmeter is a suitable instrument to measure with The software is equipped with a two channel digital volt meter The voltmeter functions as follows A measurement is performed minimal 200 samples The measured data is processed e g for calculating the RMS value or the mean value Eleven different operations are available The calculated values are displayed e g add CH1 and CH2 and display on channel one Sixteen different display methods are avai lable For each channel the voltmeter has up to three displays to present the measured and calculated values The value displayed in a display is fully configurable Also for each display a bar graph is available to give a quick overview of the signal size in relation to the input range lon Voltmeter OF x File Measure Acquisition Settings Help uar Wa Channel 2 sensitivity 2 000 Channel 1 sensitivity 6 00 True RMS True RMS nc amc ka dad bs of Lt ut 0 000 mmm 000 1 2 2 2 dBm Frequency
8. channel 3 bytes 7 and 8 are for channel 4 bytes 9 and 10 are for refe rence 1 bytes lland 12 are for reference 2 bytes 13 and 14 are for reference 3 and bytes 15 and 16 are for reference 4 The two bytes for each channel form a 16 bits value where 0 represents sensitivity and 65535 represents sensitivity Chapter 1 The ASCII format exists of one line of information for each sample in the record Each line exists of the sample number related to the trigger point sample number 0 the sample time related to the trigger point t 0 the voltage value for channel 1 the voltage value for channel 2 the voltage value for channel 3 the voltage value for channel 4 the voltage value for reference 1 the voltage value for reference 2 the voltage value for reference 3 the voltage value for reference 4 The items are separated by commas The ASCII files can simply be imported in other applications like e g spread sheet programs Files in ASCII format are much larger than files in binary format up to 7 times To set the file type enter the File menu and select the item Data file type Choose the requested setting from the menu Loading saved measurement data from disk Previously saved waveforms can be read from disk in the oscilloscope transient recorder and the spectrum analyzer There are two ways to do this by activating the Read waveform from disk item from the File menu or by clicking the Read waveform button 2m
9. the right button is indicating Invert O ff The channel view button For controlling the software offset and the software gain some pre defin ed settings are available by pressing the channel view button These settings are offset 0 and gain 1 using full screen offset 0 5 input sensitivity and gain 0 5 upper half of the screen offset 0 5 input sensitivity and gain 0 5 lower half of the screen offset and gain have the last value set by the user These settings are available by pressing the channel view button Each setting has its own picture on the button The image below displays the above mentioned settings from left to right PO EE The image at the button indicates the current settings Each click on the button will select the next state If the offset or gain are changed by other means and one of the predefined states is obtained the button will go to that state as well otherwise user is displayed Chapter 2 The channel view button for each channel 1 is found above the corres ponding axis Changing the units of the vertical axis Along the vertical axis normally the voltage of the input signal is projected The unit of measure is then Volt and the numbers along the axis corres pond with the size of the input signal The oscilloscope allows you to create another definition of the vertical axis By means of the choice Units of measure from the Chl menu the units of measure of the vertical axis
10. 1 To do that select the item Scale references from the Reference menu Any change of the input sensitivity the software offset or the software gain of a channel will also be applied to the reference channel When scaling refe rences is switched on a check mark is placed in the menu item To switch Scaling references off select the Scale references item again Update reference comment When a measurement is taken three lines of comment text can be ad ded to the measurement This text is saved to disk together with the waveform data and printed out with the waveform See Add comment text to a measurement W hen the reference channels are filled with data from a file and the com ment text has to be changed this can be done using the item Update comments from the Reference menu After activating the item a dialog appears in which the three lines of text can be entered changed W hen the dialog is closed with the OK button the new text is automatically saved to disk Documentation of measurements U In the oscilloscope the transient recorder and the spectrum analyzer several features are available to document measurement data Add comment text to a measurement For explanation and documentation each measurement can be supplied with three lines of text This text will be saved together with the waveform data when the wave form is written to disk The text will also appear on a hardcopy printout To enter the text o
11. 11000 lt f Ch1 20 00kS sec No math 1 000 0 000 1 000 5 00m 10 00m 15 00m 20 00m 25 00m as z a The oscilloscope 35 Aliasing 36 A disadvantage of digital sampling oscilloscopes is the fact that aliasing can occur Aliasing occurs when a too low and therefor wrong sampling frequency is used The next illustration shows how aliasing occurs V 08ms i V lt A i Tsample 1 ms ms i A gt i Sot Si Tapparent 4 ms The input signal is a triangular signal with a frequency of 1 25 kHz upper most in the illustration The signal is sampled at a frquency of 1 kHz The dotted signal is the result of the reconstruction From that triangular signal the periodical time is 4 ms which corresponds with an apparent frequen cy alias of 250 Hz 1 25 kHz 1 kH 2 To avoid aliasing the sample frequency must be greater than 2 times the maximum frequency of the input signal If you have any doubts about the displayed signal you can set the timeba se of the oscilloscope one step faster or slower and check whether the Signal at the display changes accordingly If that does not give any clearan ce you can determine the frequency of the input signal with the spectrum analyzer Therefore you must set the frequency range of the spectrum analyzer to the maximum to avoid aliasing with the spectrum analyzer For more information see the chapter Spectrum Analyzer Chapter 2 Displaying cha
12. 21 Selecting the type of duty cycle oo annaa 22 Active instruments at start up soaua 22 Saving instrument settings on disk n anaana aaa 23 Restore instrument settings from disk naaa aaa 23 Storing measurement data on disk naana aaa 24 Setting the data file type aaan aaa 24 Loading saved measurement data from disk nananana 25 Setting the W aveform read method 0 eee ee 26 Contents i Comparing signals using the reference channels 27 Fillthe references oem has Fey Re ve ee Be ee ee ee 8 27 Switching references on or off uau cece 28 ScalingreferenceS 0 ccc ccc eee ene 28 Update reference comment 0 cece eee nee 29 Documentation of measurements 0005 29 Add comment text to a measurement 29 Place a comment label 2 0000 cee eee 30 Edita comment label 0 cece eee eee 30 Deleting a comment label 0 cece eee 31 Make a hard copy printout saana aaa 31 Ending the program saana 33 The oscilloscipe rodeni een eai e Re eR Oe N 35 Alange ae a a A Genes 36 Displaying channels cc cece eee eee eens 37 Envelope mode sx he chasis sheialy atcate otale etcaly teary hte 38 Averaging ouaaa 38 aI 06910 0 ogee RT Re NE es AES TEST STS 39 Setting up a channel esos eae aew eee anes week wee ok s 40 Setting the sensitivity ofachannel 0 40 Setting the signal coupling of a ch
13. Show measurement unit To reduce the space used by the window on the screen the measure ment name value and or unit can be hidden This results in the disapea rance of the corresponding column which results in a smaller window Display font By selecting this option the font which is used to display the strings and values can be changed The font settings which can be changed are font name font style font size and the font color Background color By selecting this option the background color can be altered Some font colors e g light green are not showing up very good on a white back ground Change the background color to e g black for a better result Selecting the active channel The cursors can only calculate values for one channel The buttons in the left top of the window caption bar can be used to select the channel from which data is used to calculate the selected mea surements There are two ways to change between channels pressing the buttons with the mouse or by using the corresponding number on the keyboard Showing or hiding the cursor readout The left button of the two in the right top corner of the window caption bar can be used to hide or show m the grid with measured data When hiding the data the height of the window equals the height of the window caption bar The oscilloscope 65 66 Switching off cursors To switch off cursors enter the Cursors menu and select the No cursors item
14. button of the two buttons below is indicating AC coupling the right button is indicating DC coupling NE The current coupling state is displayed in the coupling button The keys which can be used to change the signal coupling are lt A gt sets the coupling of channel 1 to AC lt D gt sets the coupling of channel 1 to DC lt Shift A gt sets the coupling of channel 2 to AC lt Shift D gt sets the coupling of channel 2 to DC Setting a DC hardware offset The signal offset is adjustable in two ways a hardware method and a per display software method U sing the hardware method an adjustable DC voltage is added before sampling the input signal The hardware method can be realised by selec ting the Channels option from the Settings menu Type the offset in the The voltmeter 71 DC hardware offset edit box This voltage will be added to the input signal If a voltage has to be subtracted enter a negative value Configuring the displays 72 The voltmeter can display the measured values in several different ways in up to six displays Below the display a bargraph is showing the value in the display in a graphic format By activating the choice Displays from the Settings menu a dialog appears in which the settings of all the displays can be changed This method works always even if the display and bargraph for which the settings are changed are invisible Measurement True RMS z Continue Displ
15. channel 4 Ch1 and Ch2 measure channel 1 and channel 2 simultaneously and display the values of both channels Ch3 and Ch4 measure channel 3 and channel 4 simultaneously and display the values of both channels Note When for the TP508 and HS801 measure mode Ch1 and Ch is selected the highest frequency range will be disabled The channels are arranged left and right from the display W hen one channel is displayed the controls of that chanel will be positio ned left from the display When two channels are measured the controls of the channel with the lowest number will be positioned left from the display the controls from the channel with the highest number right from the display When three channels are displayed the two channels with the lower numbers will be positioned left from the display and the third channel right from the display When all four channels are displayed Ch1 and Ch2 will be positioned left from the display and Ch3 and Ch 4 will be positioned right from the dis play Controls from the channel s that are not measured are hidden and the main menu item of that channel s is are grayed Setting up a channel The two channels of the spectrum analyzer are completely configurable Both channels are identical each has its own menu item in the main menu The possibilities of the vertical axes in the spectrum analyzer are the same as in the oscilloscope so only the differences are discussed The spectrum a
16. cycle page by selecting one of the two radio buttons The pictures next to the radio buttons display the two types in a graphical way Active instruments at start up At the Active instruments page a selection can be made which instru ments have to be switched on at start up of the software Place a check in the check boxes of the instruments that have to be swit ched on at start up of the software Note The Transient recorder can not be activated at the same time as one of the other instruments W hen at least one instrument is selected it is possible to select a settings file that has to be loaded at start up as well Each single instrument can have its own settings file Selection of the file is done by pressing the Change file name button on the Active instruments page In the appearing dialog the file can be selec ted The name of the selected file will be displayed in the Instrument settings file box To clear the file name press the Clear button Chapter 1 U Note When more than one instrument is selected to be switched on at start up the settings file ascociated with the instrument with the highest priority will be loaded The priorities in file loading are highest the transient recorder then the oscilloscope then the voltmeter and lowest the spectrum analyzer Saving instrument settings on disk Y When a certain kind of measurement is done often it is useful to save the instrument setting on di
17. frequency of the signal by assuming that the spectral component with the largest amplitude is the base frequency Then the amplitudes of all higher harmonics up to 100 in the measured record are determined and the THD is determined In the THD output window the base frequency of the signal is given the harmonic distortion in dB is given and a table with the amplitudes of all used harmonics is given This is done for all active channels The number of harmonics that is used for the calculation depends on the base frequency If the base frequency is low more harmonics are found than when the base frequency is high The calulation routine will use up to 100 harmonics or up to a user defined number This user defined number can be set by entering the Measure menu and selecting the item Max number of harmonics to use A new menu will pop up with the pos sible numbers Performing cursor measurements Like in the oscilloscope the spectrum analyzer has a set of cursors to perform measurements on the displayed signals The cursors in the spectrum analyzer work almost like in the oscilloscope so only the differences are discussed here Refer to chapter 2 the oscil loscope for more explanation on how to work with the cursors The spectrum analyzer 107 108 Setting up the cursor measurements With the cursors it is possible to measure the input signal s in several ways To setup the cursor measurements press the settings button at t
18. measuring from the M easure menu The One shot button will be disabled again Perform Auto disk measurements The oscilloscope can store measurement data automatically on disk This is very useful when e g an interference glitch has to be measured Suppo se that at unpredictable times a glitch occurs By using the auto disk mea surements the oscilloscope will wait for the glitch to occur When the glitch occurs it is measured and the data is stored on disk The time and date of the measurement are stored as well To activate the auto disk function first set up the oscilloscope to the appropriate settings input sensitivity sample frequency record length etc Then enter the Measure menu and select the Auto disk item A special auto disk dialog will appear In this dialog a target disk a target directory and a name for the files can be selected For the file name only 5 characters can be entered three characters will be added by the soft ware for a file serial number At the bottom of the dialog a bar graph is displaying the available disk space on the selected drive Chapter 2 The trigger system of the oscilloscope has a time out function When the input signal does not meet the trigger conditions within a certain time a trigger is forced This is used to see an unknown signal This feature can be unwanted in the auto disk function therefor a Time out infinite check mark is available to set the time out to infinite Then the osc
19. menu and select the Mean values option The check mark in front of the menu item indicates whether averaging is on or off Fast measuring By selecting the option Fast measuring from the Settings menu fast mea suring is enabled or disabled Before the fast measuring option can be enabled you have to set a frequency range other than scope or auto When enabling the fast measuring option the trigger timeout is set to zero the record length and post samples are set to 200 and the averaging is disabled One shot measurements A single measurement can be performed by pressing the oneshot button or by selecting the Perform single measurement option from the measure menu Note One measurement consists of three succesive measurements except if fast measuring is selected or mean values is disabled these take one measurement from which the measured values are averaged Between the measurements the display is updated If the voltmeter has to perform an autoranging action or has to change the sample frequency during an oneshot measurements are taken until all changes to the range and the frequency have been done Then three measurements are taken with the final settings Continuous measuring can be switched on by activating the play button or pressing the lt S gt key The voltmeter 81 Storing measurement values on disk or paper 82 The voltmeter can store measurements on disk or print them This is done in acompletely diff
20. of a video signal Note The TV trigger modes are only available for the HS801 For the TV trigger modes the HS801 has special hardware This hardware does not require any level or hysteresis adjusting so the level and hysteresis items in the trigger menu are disabled when a TV trigger mode is selected TV trigger can not be selected when the trigger source is set to external To change the trigger mode enter the Trigger menu and select the Trigger mode item A menu will popup and a trigger mode selection can be ma de Another way to change the trigger mode is by using the trigger symbol Double clicking the left mouse button on the trigger symbol will change the trigger mode from Falling slope to Rising slope Rising slope to Falling slope TV Line to TV Frame odd TV Frame odd to TV Frame even TV Frame even to TV Line Setting the trigger level Adjusting a trigger level can be done is several ways by means of a menu or by using the special trigger symbol To change a trigger level by means of a menu enter the Trigger menu and select the Level Ch1 or Level Ch2 item An input dialog appears in which the trigger level can be entered in volts Chapter 2 In this dialog also a check box for selecting auto level triggering is found When auto level triggering is selected the trigger level will be set to a value that lies in the middle between the highest and the lowest value of the previous measurement This can be v
21. of display 2 of channel 2 will be placed in Reference 2 of the transient recorder Setting the Waveform read method When a waveform is written to disk all eight channels Ch1 Ch2 Ch3 Ch4 Refl Ref2 Ref3 and Ref4 are written to disk If you have a single channel or two channel instrument still four channels and four reference channels are written to maintain compatibility with waveforms from other channels The extra channels will contain mid level data There are two methods to read waveforms from disk Chapter 1 Read all signals in file With this method all signals that were active when the waveform was written are read If e g Chl and Reference 2 were active when the wa veforms were saved Ch1 and Reference 2 are read the data in the other channels will remain unchanged Ch1 and Reference 2 will be switched on and the other channels will be switched off Only read current displayed signals With this method only the currently active channels are read from the waveform file The other channels will remain unchanged and they will remain switched off To select the proper waveform read method enter the File menu select the Waveform read method item and select the correct method When closing the application the selected method is saved in the application settings file This file is always read when starting the application Comparing signals using the reference channels To be able to compare live signals to other s
22. program is started Now an intro screen will appear with the TiePie logo the instrument name the program version number and the copyright notice After a few seconds the intro screen disappears and the instrument task bar appears If in the program setup any instruments are set to be active at power up these instruments are switched on as well Help For all instruments online help is available by pressing the Help button in the instrument task bar or by pressing the key lt F1 gt in a window The software 15 Controlling the instruments 16 All instruments are controlled by use of the mouse the keyboard and by menus Keys that can be used lt space gt lt 1 gt lt 2 gt lt Ctrl gt lt Ctrl i gt lt Alt gt lt Alt i gt lt gt lt f gt lt A gt lt Shift A gt lt D gt lt Shift D gt lt E gt lt I gt lt Shift l gt lt L gt lt Shift L gt lt M gt lt O gt lt Ctrl P gt lt R gt lt Shift R gt lt S gt lt T gt lt X gt lt Y gt Force a trigger oscilloscope Toggle reference 1 Toggle reference 2 Move the left side of the record view scrollbar to the left Move the left side of the record view scrollbar to the right Move the right side of the record view scrollbar to the left Move the right side of the record view scrollbar to the right Move the record view scrollbar to the left Move the record view scrollbar to the right Set
23. switch off averaging When averaging is set to e g 20 measurements and the spectrum analy zer is set to Pause presing the One shot button will result in taking 20 measurements which are averaged Measuring maximum values The spectrum analyzer can be set to measure and display only the maxi mum values of the spectral components After a number of measure ments the highest value of each spectral component is displayed then To enable measuring maximum values enter the Measure menu and select the choice M easure max values A check mark in front of the menu item indicates whether measuring maximum values is switched on or off Note The display of maximum values is resetted when the instrument setting changes Hint This mode can be useful when the frequency response characte ristic of a device needs to be determined Apply a frequency swee ped signal and switch on Measure max values and the characteristic will be created Measure the Total Harmonic Distortion of a signal With the spectrum analyzer it is possible to measure the Total H armonic Distortion of a signal Chapter 5 The THD is defined as 5 eve vie Vo VE VA Vee tt V 20x log where V is the RMS amplitude of the base frequency of the input signal V V are the RMS amplitudes of each higher harmonic To measure the THD enter the Measure menu and select the Total Harmonic Distortion item or by pressing the THD button The software will determine the base
24. than or equal to the low value PASS is displayed The value is compared to the high value and the low value If the measured value is higher than the high value PASS is displayed If the value is lower than the low value PASS is displayed If the value is lower than or equal to the high valu e and higher than or equal to the low value FAIL is display ed DISPLAY gt thant lt thanlO gt lt COMP lt gt HI LO measured value MAX MIN x 1 1 LO HI HI PASS PASS FAIL LO PASS LO PASS lo HI The maximum measured value ever is displayed The minimum measured value ever is displayed Chapter 3 LOG 1 2 The result of the calculation 20 log measured valueCH 1 measured valueCH 2 is displayed LOG 2 1 The result of the calculation 20 log measured valueCH 2 measured valueCH 1 is displayed Change the units of measure Normally every type of measurement has its own unit The voltmeter allows you to change this unit for each display separately There are twel ve predefined values and a user defined value The selection can be made with the Units of measure pulldown The unit which is selected is displayed in the display To select a user defined unit of measure just type a string with a maximum length of five charac ters Change the units per measurement unit Using the edit box Units per measurement unit the number of units per selected unit can be set In the edi
25. the disapea rance of the corresponding column which results in a smaller window Display font By selecting this option the font which is used to display the strings and values can be changed The font settings which can be changed are font name font style font size and the font color Background color By selecting this option the background color can be changed Some font colors like e g light green are not showing up very good on a white back ground Change the background color to e g black for a better result The spectrum analyzer 109 110 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 The square wave generator The T801 and HS801 are equipped with a square wave signal generator fas Function generator e x Frequency Output tel 0 1 0 25 0 5 0 75 a a The frequency output which can for example be used for calibrating probes The frequency output generates a square wave signal varying between 2 5 and 2 5 volt and has a variable frequency between 100 Hz and 100 kHz Select a frequency range by pressing one of the buttons Then set the exact frequency using the slider The current frequency is displayed above the slider If the frequency is set turn the generator on by pressing the output switch on the right The switch will fip and show an active led indicating that the generator is turned on W hen the program is closed the generator frequency and the on off state is saved and resto
26. the lowest number Selecting When presets are stored the corresponding preset buttons are enabled By hovering the mouse pointer over one of the buttons the settings of that preset position are displayed By pressing a preset button the function generator is set according to the stored settings The button of the preset will be lowered indicating that preset is active When during use of the function generator a setting is changed and the new setting corresponds with a stored preset the corresponding button of that preset will be lowered When a preset is selected and the setting of the function generator is changed to a setting that does not correspond with the preset the corresponding button will be raised Clearing To clear a stored preset it first needs to be selected by pressing the corresponding button The clear button will become active Pressing this button will clear the preset position and make the location available for a new preset The corresponding button will be disabled Performing a sweep 118 The function generator offers in combination with the spectrum analyzer the possibility to generate a signal with a frequency sweep For this purpose the spectrum analyzer needs to be active as well After each measurement the spectrum analyzer performs the frequency of the generator is increased with a certain step size until the highest value is reached In that case the frequency will be set to the lowest v
27. the pre trigger value will not affect the reference channels When the record length of the live channels is changed to a shorter re cord after filling the reference channels less data of the reference chan nels is displayed but the data is kept in memory When the record length is changed to a longer record the part of the reference channel that was not filled is filled with zeroes Switching references on or off Switching a reference channel on or off can be done by selecting the item Display Refx from the Reference menu where x stands for 1 2 3 or 4 It can also be done by means of a button on the speed button tool bar for reference 1 and R2 for reference 2 etc When a button appears to be pressed the corresponding reference is switched on Scaling references When a reference channel is filled the data remains the same until new data is stored in the reference channel When the input sensitivity the software offset or the software gain for the corrsponding channel changes the reference channel will not change It can be useful that when a signal is copied to a reference channel to compare live measurements with that reference channel that the settings of the reference channel will follow the settings of the live channel So when e g the input sensitivity of the live channel changes the reference channel is scaled in such a way that the live channel and the reference channel can still be compared on a 1 1 base Chapter
28. the signal coupling of channel 1 to AC Set the signal coupling of channel 2 to AC Set the signal coupling of channel 1 to DC Set the signal coupling of channel 2 to DC Toggle Envelope mode Toggle invert of channel 1 oscilloscope and transient recor der Toggle invert of channel 1 oscilloscope and transient recor der Switch the vertical axis of channel 1 between Lin naar Log spectrum analyzer Switch the vertical axis of channel 2 between Lin naar Log spectrum analyzer Toggle Measuring of Maximum values Spectrum analyzer Perform asingle measurement One shot Make a printout of the current display Toggle reference 1 Toggle reference 2 Start or Stop measuring View the Total measured record Switch to X Y mode oscilloscope Switch to Y t mode oscilloscope Chapter 1 lt F1 gt lt F3 gt lt F4 gt lt F5 gt lt F6 gt lt F7 gt lt F8 gt lt F11 gt lt F12 gt Call the online Help Switch the time base one step slower oscilloscope and spectrum analyzer Switch the time base one step faster oscilloscope and spec trum analyzer Switch channel 1 one step more sensitive Switch channel 1 one step less sensitive Switch channel 2 one step more sensitive Switch channel 2 one step less sensitive Make the record length one step shorter Make the record length one step longer Controlling with the mouse All objects in the instrument windows give acces to the corresponding settings by click
29. the signal path In COUPLING DC the complete signal AC DC at the input is passed through In COUPLING AC only the AC component of the input signal is passed through It is then possible to examine e g a 20 mV ripple ona 30 V DC voltage since only the ripple is passed through and the DC voltage not AC voltages with a frequency lower than 4 Hz are not coupled correctly There are three different ways to set the coupling Two ways are by clicking the coupling button or by pressing keys The third way is through the Signal coupling menu The Signal coupling menu is called by enabling the Chl menu and then Selecting the Signal coupling menu In this menu the settings Coupling AC and Coupling DC can be found The menu can also be entered by clicking the right mouse button over one of the Channel controls and readouts In the tool bar for each channel a coupling button is found positioned above the corresponding axis The picture at the button indicates the state of the coupling setting The left button of the two buttons below is indicating AC coupling the right button is indicating DC coupling NE The current coupling state is displayed in the coupling button The oscilloscope 41 42 The keys which can be used to change the signal coupling are lt A gt sets the coupling of channel 1 to AC lt D gt sets the coupling of channel 1 to DC lt Shift A gt sets the coupling of channel 2 to AC lt Shift D gt sets the coup
30. the software can t keep up with the hardware in other words the software misses samples the hardware has measured and stored This is only a minor problem The software detects that it has missed samples and will warn the user by lighting up a red LED in the display and displaying a warning message in the hint bar The missed sample in the record is filled with the value of the pre vious sample Trying to reload the missed sample s would take so much time that again samples would be missed When the total measurement is ready the software will reload the com plete measured record from the hardware acquisition memory and dis play it hardware longer make the transient recorder window as small as possible Select Scan mode instead of Roll mode Do not show references while measuring close all other applications especially applications in DOS windows Set the Windows video driver to display up to 256 colors instead of True color or High color o Hint There are a few things to make the software keep up with the Displaying channels The channels can be measured in each possible cmbination e g Chl only channel 1 is measured and displayed Ch2 only channel 2 is measured and displayed Ch4 only channel 2 is measured and displayed Chi and Ch2 channel 1 and channel 2 are measured and displayed simultaneously Ch3 and Ch4 channel 3 and channel 4 are measured and displayed simultaneously The transient recorder 87 Selecti
31. times the value on the button When the signal shape is set to DC the frequency adjustment is disabled Symmetry Symmetry a E gt m The symmetry of a signal indicates the relation between the length of the positive part of the period to the total length of the period A symmetry of 50 means that the positive part is exactly half of the total period Using the slider in the Symmetry box the symmetry can be adjusted between 1 and 99 The Mid button sets the symmetry to 50 the centre position When the signal shape is set to DC or W hite noise the symmetry adjust ment is disabled Amplitude Amplitude 0 5 ADI Ae i F E The amplitude of the output signal can be adjusted in three ranges not attenuated 20 dB attenuated or 40 dB attenuated W ith the slider a The function generator 115 voltage between 0 Volt and 12 Volt or 0 Volt and 10 Volt depending on the instrument can be set DC offset rDC offset mo o It is possible to add a DC offset to the output signal In the DC offset box there is a slider for the amplitude of the offset The button will set the DC offset back to zero When the signal shape is set to DC the slider is used to toggle the polari ty of the DC signal Numerical input 116 All described functions can also be controlled using the keyboard W hen the window is expanded a small key pad is located which enables ente ring all settings Thi
32. vertical axis N othing is done to the signal An application for this is the temperature measurement Suppose the output voltage of the temperature probe at 0E C is 10 Volt By entering a units offset of 10 the zero level of the axis is changed in a way that the absolute temperature is directly readable Mouse sensitivity for the vertical axis For dragging the vertical axis the mouse sensitivity can be adjusted from course to fine from 1 step per division to 25 steps per division When a mouse sensitivity of 1 step per division is selected each mouse movement will make the software offset become one division larger or smaller When the software gain is adjusted it will result in a two division smaller or larger signal size one division at the top and one division at the bottom of the signal When the mouse sensitivity is set to 25 steps per division each mouse movement will result in an offset change of 1 25th division or a signal size change of 2 25th division The mouse sensitivity can be set by selecting the item M ouse sensitivity vertical axis from the Chl menu Setting up the time axis 46 Along the horizontal axis of an oscilloscope the measuring time is projec ted The measuring time is determined by the number of samples that is measured and the sample frequency Setting the sample frequency The sample frequency determines the speed with which the instrument will take samples of the input signal s Chapter
33. 1 With the Stop button the transient recorder is stopped Start a measurement with the transient recorder Zoom in to a specific part of the signal Erase the signal screen The time axis can display sample times and real time and date Set this by opening the Settings menu The right mouse buttons allows the complete time base to be set up Drag this end of the slider and change the horizontal magnification Press the right mouse button and setup the time base Drag the slider and adjust the horizontal position of the signal Press the right mouse button and setup the time base The hint bar displays explanation of the objects the mouse is pla ced on Drag the vertical axis and adjust the vertical position of the signal Press the right mouse button and setup channel 1 ONO UBWN EF wo 10 11 12 Introduction File Measure Chit Ch2 Frequency axis Cursors References Settings Help a CH To 512 samples Spectrum 200 of 200 25 00MSisec Rectangle 5 00M 7 50M 10 00M 12 50M Press this button to place a comment label in the display Press the Window button to seslect a window function for the FFT Stop the continuous measurements Make a hard copy of the current signal Measure the Total Harmonic Distortion D ouble click here to switch channel 2 on Press the right mouse button to setup the frequency axis Dragging this slider adjusts the horizontal position of the signal Pressing the rig
34. 2 The sample frequency can be set in two ways using the menu of by means of special function keys To change the sample frequency using the menu enter the Time base menu and select the Sample frequency item A new menu will appear with all possible sample frequency settings Together with the sample frequen cy the maximum total measure time with the current record length and a pre trigger value of 0 is given The Time base menu can also be entered by pressing the right mouse button over one of the time base controls or read outs The last item in the menu is a user defined setting Activating this item will bring up a dialog box in which a self defined sample frequency within the instrument hardware limitations can be entered Due to the way the sample frequency is generated in the hardware not all frequencies can be generated If an invalid sample frequency is entered the closest valid sample frequency will be generated The following keys can be used to change the sample frequency lt F3 gt Set the sample frequency one step slower lt F4 gt Set the sample frequency one step faster Note Because the record length the number of post samples and the record viewing gain are free settable it is very difficult to set the time base in a certain number of sec div Therefor the sampling frequency is set Setting the record length The oscilloscope takes a number of samples to display the input signal This number of samples is call
35. 555 5455455543 97 Setting the input sensitivity aaaea 98 Logarithmic or linear vertical axis naaa aaa 99 Setting up the frequency range cece cee eee 99 Setting up the frequency axis type 0 2 0 eee eee 100 Setting the frequency range 2 00 eee 103 Setting the spectrum record length c eee eaee 104 Setting up the FFT 34 5 0 35 Saleoes os bs bas bo te bd es 104 FFT window function 0 cece eee eee ees 104 Performing measurements 0 cece eee ee ee eas 105 Start and stop measuring 0e eee eee 105 Single measurements 0 0 cc cece eee es 105 Averaging onua 106 Measuring maximum values 0 cece eee ees 106 Measure the Total Harmonic Distortion ofa signal 106 Performing cursor measurements 00 0 eee eee eae 107 Setting up the cursor measurements 0 0 cues 108 The square wave generator 0000ee eee 111 The function generator 00 cece eee 113 Principle of the function generator 0 00005 113 Structure of the function generator 0 0000 114 Controling the function generator 0 05 114 Signal ShAC o 5 3 32 2 OR ERG oe aes ea are aR a ade 114 Frequency js ce ia kad besa setae eared ie Be nas 115 SOV MUCH anrr erreren uien eh bed ee bed ee 115 Amplitude si ccccccneneeeenaheecbnkaeaeane bans 115 SDC Olek 3x55 55 5 5 44 4 3 05 3 5555 5 E 116 N umerical
36. ANDYSGCOPE HS4 KAN TiePie engineering amp KS Contents IPPFOCUICHOMN 20 Ses 4s a he Rec aa AA aw ok aaa a 4 7 TRG SOU ABS a x yisi Cente aA wr tay Hai Stina ta eat 13 Requirements 2 fes ce Weide Gee bac s 13 Installation guide 6 cee eee eee 13 Windows Salk 3 53 4 5 55 0 45 5 5 05 5 ba SS RES BR 13 Windows 95 andnewer 0 cece eee 13 Structure ofthe program cece eee 14 Starting the program naaa 15 Helpies arria See Stk eae a Aad EE EE aet 15 Controlling the instruments 0 cece eee ees 16 Keys that can be used cece cece eens 16 Controlling with the MOUSE s a s eee 17 Program setup suusa 17 Instrument taskbar always on top oaaao aaaea 18 Setting display colors noaa 18 Setting the application language 1 cece eee 19 Setting the location of files naana aaa 19 Default text on the printer output 0 19 SD EVICOUNG aise sars a Gee a RT 19 Setting the date and time style 0 004 20 Setting the hardware I O address cece even 20 Search hardware aaau 20 Manually adjusting of calibration factors 0 cee ee 20 Restore factory calibration factors 6 cece eee 21 Loading a set of calibration values at startup
37. RRR NON User manual WinSoft Windows software for TP112 b TP801 HS801 HANDYSCOPE 2 HANDYSCOPE HS3 HANDYSCOPE HS4 TiePie engineering N Sy 7 Despite the care taken for the compilation of this manual TiePie eng ineering can not be held responsible for any damages resulting from errors that may appear in this manual All rights reserved N o part of this manual may be reproduced stored in a database or retrieval system or published in any form or in any way electronically mechanically by print photoprint microfilm or any other means whithout prior permission form TiePie engineering Trademarks Microsoft is a trademark and Windows is a registered trademark of Micro soft Corporation All other brand names and product names included in this manual are trademarks registered trademarks or trade names of their respective holders CRESU User manual WinSoft Windows software for TP112 TP801 HS801 HANDYSCOPE 2 HANDYSGCOPE HS3 H
38. Settings me nu a popup menu appears in which several frequencies are available The frequencies indicate the center frequency of a frequency range in which the voltmeter measures properly The size of the frequency range is determined from 0 2 X fenter D X feenter Chapter 3 Y When Auto freq is chosen the voltmeter determines the best frequency setting by itself For each measurement the frequency has to be determi ned resulting in a longer time before updating the displays Note The Auto frequency setting overrides the sample frequency setting in the oscilloscope and the spectrum analyzer This will result in a less usable display in those instruments To avoid this the choice Scope freq is available in the menu The voltme ter will use the same sample frequency as the oscilloscope or spectrum analyzer Displaying channels The voltmeter has several modes to display the available channels To select the measure mode enter the Settings menu and select Channels Use the Measure channel option to enable or disable measuring from a channel Measuring takes place from at least one channel When only one channel is measured the controls of the other channel are disabled or removed from the display W hen two channels are measured the channel with the lower number is positioned at the left hand side of the screen the channel with the highest number at the right and side of the screen When three channels are measured t
39. To reset the minimum and maximum values for each channel a reset button is available in the speedbar 8 amp 4 and through the settings chan nel menu By pressing this button the maximum value is set to the lowest possible measured value The minimum value is set to the maximum measured value possible Performing measurements g 80 Hint Use the frequency meter to determine the frequency of the input signal When the device voltmeter is switched on and the measurement pro ces is not in one shot mode measurements take place The measured values are displayed continuously If the oscilloscope is active the trigger conditions also apply to the voltmeter Start and stop measuring The measuring can be halted by pressing the pause button m or lt S gt key The oneshot button J next to the pause button beco mes available lt O gt key and the pause button changes to a play but ton P The measuring can also be halted by selecting the Stop continuous measu ring option from the M easure menu The option Perform a single measure ment becomes available and the Stop continuous measuring option chang es to Start continuous measuring Chapter 3 Averaging Normally the voltmeter adds the two previous measured values with the current measured value and divides it by three In this way very small changes do not show up which results in a more stable values To switch averaging on or off enter the Settings
40. a user defined option The pre trigger value options are default given in a percentage but can be given in a number of samples or in time To do that first the user defined option has to be selected The Time base menu can also be entered by pressing the right mouse button over one of the time base controls or read outs When the user defined option is selected a dialog box appears In this dialog box can be selected in what unit the pre trigger value has to be entered percentage samples or time and what the pre trigger value has to be When the dialog box is closed using the O K button the entered value is accepted and the selected unit will be used the next time the pre trigger value menu is called Mouse sensitivity pre trigger position adjustment For adjusting the pre trigger value by dragging the slider of the pre trigger position scroll bar the mouse sensitivity can be adjusted from course to fine from 4 steps per screen to 100 steps per screen W hen a mouse sensitivity of 4 steps per screen is selected the pre trigger position scroll bar is divided in 4 positions Each mouse movement will adjust the pre trigger value to the next position in the direction the mouse is moved So the available pre trigger positions are 0 25 50 75 and 100 W hen a mouse sensitivity of 10 steps per screen is selected the available pre trigger positions are 0 10 20 30 90 and 100 The oscilloscope 49 50 When the mou
41. alue Chapter 7 at sweep C Below the signal shape buttons is a sweep button located for setting the sweep parameters Next to the button there is an on off button for switching the sweep function on and off W hen the sweep button is pres sed the sweep generator settings dialog is displayed Sweep generator settings C Fully controlled by spectrum analyzer Manual Start frequency 195312 5 Hz Stop frequency 2000000 Hz I Frequency step related to spectrum length Frequency step 195312 5 Hz f Continue X Cancel In this dialog all settings of the sweep can be made The easiest setting is Fullly controlled by spectrum analyzer In this setting the setting of the frequency axis of the spectrum analyzer determi nes how the start and stop frequency and the frequency step size are set The lowest visible frequency in the spectrum analyzer sets the start fre quency of the sweep The highest visible frequency in the spectrum analy zer sets the stop frequency of the sweep This is limited to the maximum range of the function generator The frequency step size is determined by the frequency range of the spectrum analyzer divided by the number of bins in the spectrum When a sweep is active and a setting in the spec trum analyzer is changed the sweep parameters will change accordingly At each step the frequency of the generator will be set to a value that falls exactly in one single bin therefor n
42. annel 41 Setting the vertical position ofa channel 005 42 Magnifying or reducing the vertical axis 0 eee eee 43 Invertingachannel 0 ccc cece eee eee 43 The channel view button cece eee eee ee 44 Changing the units of the vertical axis 0 eee eee 45 Mouse sensitivity for the vertical axis 0 cee ee eee 46 Setting up the time AXIS cee eee eee 46 Setting the sample frequency 00000e 46 Setting the record length 020 ee eee 47 Setting the pre trigger value 2 eee 48 Mouse sensitivity pre trigger position adjustment 49 Magnifying the horizontal axis 0 00005 50 Setting the horizontal position of the signal s 50 Triggering Sse nak GacwanaGatenwthasndheeed ea and 52 Selecting the trigger Source kee eee 53 Selecting the trigger mode aaau 54 Setting the trigger level cece eee 54 Setting the trigger hysteresis cee cece eee 55 The trigger symbol 5 5 SSa tata ha es ba en ha ee oe ee BS 55 The trigger time out nunana 57 Performing measurements naaa 57 Stopping the measurements 0 aa eee eee 58 Perform Auto disk measurements naaa aaa 58 AUO SEUD nr a A Pace E E E E a 59 ZOOMING saraaa te kote a bees eee Eee ewe eS 60 Performing cursor measurements 0 cere eee aes 60 SWitCNINQONCUFSOFS kee eee 60 Setting up the cursor measu
43. asurement data replacing an old screen measuring an displaying of data can be stopped This can be done in several ways by pressing the Pause button 0 by pressing the lt S gt key of by activating the item Stop continuous measuring from the Measure menu When measuring is stopped the latest measured data will remain on the screen The Pause button changes to a Play button gt and the One shot button Je becomes available The measured signal can now be examined Single measurements To perform a single measurement press the One shot button press the lt O gt key of activate the Perform a single measurement item from the Measure menu When in the Spectrum analyzer averaging is selected there will be performed as many measurements as there are set for the averaging and then measuring will stop Continuous measuring can be started again by pressing the Play button the lt S gt key or the item Start continuous measuring from the Measure menu The One shot button will be disabled again The spectrum analyzer 105 106 Averaging When a noisy signal is measured the influence of the noise can be elimi nated by averaging several spectra The noise component s will disappe ar and the actual signal remains Averaging can be switched on by selecting the item Perform averaging of from the Measure menu In the next menu a number of measurements can be selected that have to be averaged The item 1 measurement will
44. ay measured value X Cancel Units of measure Numbers precision Auto Units per measurement unit 10000 000 10000 000 Set low value fos 99999 000 99999 000 Set high value 99999 000 99999 000 Set impendance value 0 001 20000 000 Set relative value Poo 89898 000 99399 000 Relative measuring E IV Show display IV Show bar graph Display 1 1 ADisplay 1 2 ADisplay 2 1 ADisplay 2 2 ADisplay 3 1 ADisplay 3 2 These settings can also be done by placing the mouse cursor over a display and pressing the right mouse button A popup menu appears with all settings for that display This method only works if the display or bar graph is visible Chapter 3 All settings applied to a display are also applied to the corresponding bargraph The following explanations expect that the Display settings dialog is displayed and active Switching displays on and off A display can be made visible by placing a checkmark in front of the Show display string If a display is turned on while the matching channel is not measured the display will not be showed Switching bargraphs on and off Each display has a bargraph that can be switched on or off independantly from the displays The bargraphs can be switched on or off by tagging or untagging the Show bargraph option Processing the measured value The software can process the measured value in 11 different ways By activating the Measurement selector the following ca
45. can be changed After activation a popup menu with 13 choices appears The unit that is selected is displayed at the top of the vertical axis It is also placed on the paper when printed out When activating the choice User defined a dialog box appears in which a custom unit can be entered with a maxi mum length of 5 characters The Units of measure popup menu can also be called by clicking the right mouse button over the vertical axes If you are measuring e g with a temperature probe you can choose DEGREE C for the units By activating the choice Units gain from the Chl menu a multiplication factor can be entered for the units of the vertical axis A dialog box appe ars in which the factor can be entered The numbers along the vertical axis are multiplied by the factor and replaced by the result If you are using a 10x probe you can by means of units gain enter the value 10 to get correct numbers along the vertical axis Another application is when measuring with a temperature probe Sup pose the temperature probe gives a voltage change of 1 volt at a tempe rature change of 5 degrees By entering the factor 5 the temperature change is displayed directly in the number of degrees The oscilloscope 45 It is also possible to add an offset to the numbers of the vertical axis In the dialog box called by activating U nits offset from the Chl menu an offset can be entered This offset is added to the numbers along the
46. ci ple For this transform a number of samples are taken with a previously set sample speed The number of samples has to be a power of 2 e g 512 1024 or 2048 With these samples here called FFT block the spectrum is calculated Therefore the FFT places an infinite number of FFT blocks behind each other in the positive and negative direction Each FFT block forms 1 period of the created periodic signal amplitude gt lt lt gt gt i periodic FFTblock periodic extension H f extension Chapter 5 From the signal obtained like this the spectrum is calculated The FFT calculation results in a number of spectral components which is half the number of samples in the FFT block e g 256 512 1024 These spec tral components together form the frequency spectrum of the input sig nal The spectrum analyzer displays an amplitude spectrum which means that a 2 volt peak peak sine wave is displayed with a 1 volt spectral compo nent Aliasing Like the oscilloscope the spectrum analyzer needs a high enough sam pling frequency to avoid aliasing The result of aliasing when using FFT is that the frequency curve is folded back on itself A amplitude HT alias function i N k i 5 we true transformation gt f The original signal is sampled at a sample time t The critical frequency N yquist frequency is 1 2t Hz Windowing FFT treats the FFT block like it is one period of a pe
47. ck the left mouse button The trigger mode will change from Falling slope to Rising slope Rising slope to Falling slope TV Line to TV Frame odd TV Frame odd to TV Frame even TV Frame even to TV Line Chapter 2 The trigger time out When the input signal does not meet the trigger conditions no new measurement data will be displayed and the last displayed signal will re main on the screen This can be very inconvenient with unknown signals since it is not known how the trigger system has to be set To provide in that case for a representation of the input signal on the screen a trigger time out setting is available With the time out setting it is determined how long the delay will be for a trigger pulse If that time expires a trigger pulse is forced by the software and the available data will be displayed This will not result in a stable display but it will give an impression how the trigger has to be set To set the trigger time out enter the Trigger menu and select the Time out tem An input dialog will come up in which the time out time can be entered in seconds When atime of zero is entered there will be no trigger time out but no triggering as well As soon as a signal is displayed the instrument will be set up for anew measurement and immediately a trigger pulse is genera ted without waiting for a trigger This can be useful when e g a slowly changing DC level has to be monitored on which can t be triggered
48. d After reading the signal the amplitude and frequency of the signal can be adjusted using the proper controls The function generator 121 Notes If you have any suggestions and or remarks regarding this program or the manual please contact TiePie engineering A TiePie engineering P O Box 290 Koperslagersstraat 37 8600 AG SNEEK 8601 WL SN EEK The Netherlands The N etherlands Tel 31515 415 416 Fax 31515 418 819 E mail support tiepie nl Site http www tiepie nl Rev 2 07
49. e different frequencies An instrument that can dis play the frequency domain is the spectrum analyzer It graphically displays voltage as a function of frequency _ Spectrum analyzer Iof x Measure Chi Ch2 Frequency axis Cursors References Settings Help REO Eea Gis 2 samples Spectrum 200 of 200 25 00MS sec Rectangle In the time domain all frequency components of a signal are seen sum med together In the frequency domain complex signals signals compo The spectrum analyzer 93 sed of more than one frequency are separated into their frequency com ponents where the voltage of each component is displayed The frequency domain contains information which is not available in the time domain Therefore the spectrum analyzer has certain advantages compared with an oscilloscope With a spectrum analyzer small harmonic distortions on a signal can be displayed better than on an oscilloscope A sine wave may look good in the time domain however in the frequency domain the harmonic distortion is visible A noise signal may look fully random in the time domain in the frequency domain it can appear that one frequency is dominantly present In the frequency domain it is very simple to determine carrier fre quency modulation frequency modulation level and modulation distortion from a modulated signal AM or FM Description of FFT 94 The spectrum analyzer is using the Fast Fourier Transform FFT prin
50. e to be able to examine previous saved waveforms When the instrument is then attached to the compu ter it can be searched and activated by pressing the Search hardware button on the Hardware page Manually adjusting of calibration factors By selecting the Adjust cal values button at the Hardware page a dialog appears in which the current calibration values of the instrument can be changed The dialog has a grid in which for both channels the gain and offset calibra tion values can be adjusted O n the right are the following buttons Chapter 1 Continue The currently displayed values are set as the calibrati on values to use Loading of a calibration file at start up will be disabled Cancel All changes including the applied are ignored and the calibration values which were used prior to pres sing the adjust cal values button are restored Load values A file dialog is presented in which a file can be selec ted with calibration values which has to be loaded and displayed in the grid Save values A file dialog is presented in which a filename can be typed or selected to which the values currently dis played in the grid can be saved Apply Sets the current grid values as the calibration values to use A one shot is done so the result is displayed The apply is not permanent until the Continue but ton is pressed Restore factory calibration factors The HANDYSCOPE 2 3 and 4 have a set of calibration factors in EE PROM w
51. e transient recorder Note The timing in the hardware is generated by a cristal oscillator and two programmable integer dividers This system can t generate all frequencies but comes close W hen the OK button is clicked the software will determine the division values for both dividers in such a way that the generated frequency approaches the reque sted frequency as close as possible A lot of divider combinations have to be checked for that W hile determining the correct divison factors an hour glass is displayed Setting the record length The transient recorder takes a number of samples to display the input signal This number of samples is called the Record length To change the The transient recorder 89 record length three ways are available using the record length menu using the sample speed dialog or by means of function keys To change the record length using the menu enter the Time base menu and select the Record length item Another menu will pop up containing the available record lengths and an item for a user defined record length Selecting this item will bring up a dialog box in which a self defined record length within the instrument hardware limits can be entered The Time base menu can also be entered by pressing the right mouse button over one of the time base controls or read outs For changing the record length the following function keys are available lt F11 gt Select a shorter record length lt F12
52. ed printer or the settings of the selected printer press the Setup button A new dialog appears in which another printer can be selected or the settings of the current printer can be changed Note In theory all paper sizes are supported but envelope paper sizes will give unusable results Selecting landscape or portrait has no use since the hardcopy function forces landscape When the correct printer is selected and all settings are made press the OK button to leave the dialog Press the Cancel button to leave the dialog without changes The check box Color print out determines whether a color printout is made or a black and white printout is made When this box is checked and the printer supports colors a color printout is made If the printer does not support colors different shades of gray are created by the windows printer driver If the box is not checked only black is used Chapter 1 g To start printing now press the Print button A dialog appears indicating that the hardcopy is generated and sent to the printer If the HS801 or HANDYSCOPE 2 are connected to the same printer port as the printer aminor problem occurs A message will appear which indicates that the HS801 or HANDYSCOPE 2 has to be disconnected from the computer and the printer has to be connected to the computer If that is done press the OK button The hardcopy is now generated and sent to the printer When the hardcopy data is generated the software
53. ed the Record length To change the re cord length two ways are available by means of a menu or by means of function keys To change the record length using the menu enter the Time base menu and select the Record length item Another menu will pop up containing the available record lengths and an item for a user defined record length Selecting this item will bring up a dialog box in which a self defined record The oscilloscope 47 48 length within the instrument hardware limits can be entered The Time base menu can also be entered by pressing the right mouse button over one of the time base controls or read outs For changing the record length the following function keys are available lt F11 gt Select a shorter record length lt F12 gt Select a longer record length Selecting another record length will change the total measure time but the pre trigger value will keep the same value Setting the pre trigger value The oscilloscope is equipped with a trigger system This trigger system monitors the input signal s and determines based on the settings of the trigger system and the input signal when measuring and displaying the Signal s has to start The moment of trigger the trigger point can be placed at any position in the record with measured data This will result in a certain number of samples before the trigger point pre samples and a number of samples after the trigger point post samples Pre and post sample
54. ee lines use the lt Tab gt key or click with the mouse in the requested line This text is saved when the application is closed and loaded when the application is started Device info In the lower part of the Common page some device info is given Infor mation that is displayed is The hardware device The address where the hardware is found The resolution of the hardware The software 19 20 Depending on the hardware device some extra info can be displayed The date of the last calibration The serial number Setting the date and time style At several places in the program dates and or times are displayed The way they are displayed can be set at the date and time page For both the date and the time several styles are available to select from Setting the hardware I O address For the internal instruments TP112 TP801 the hardware I O address has to be set in the software This is done by clicking the button Hardwa re I O address at the Hardware page A dialog will come up in which the address can be selected The address has to be entered in an input box in hexadecimal notation or by setting the dip switches in the dialog in the same way as on the card Search hardware When an external instrument is used HS801 HANDYSCOPE 2 HANDYSCOPE 3 HANDYSCOPE 4 and the software is started wit hout instrument a dialog appears to notify the user that the instrument is not found It is possible to press Ignor
55. efault language for the software Choose Next when done N ext the destination drive and directory for the software can be selected The software 13 Only drives with enough free disk space can be selected Choose Next when done If the destination directory already exists the setup program will ask you whether you want to replace exisiting files If you choose no setup re turns to the previous step otherwise setup continues and replaces any existing file in the destination directory The setup program will now ask you for some default text which will be used on printouts of the instruments All fields need at least one character Press Next to continue If some text boxes have no data pressing the Next button will result in a focus on the text box which needs data If you have made an error in the destination drive or directory selection or if you have made an error filling out your companies name address or your name you could go back by pressing the Previous button O ther wise press the Next button to start transfering the program files from the disk to the destination directory When the program asks you to insert the next disk please do and press Ok to continue Cancel will abort the installation and erase all installed files After the installation is done the readme file will be shown After reading the file you can Exit the setup program A program group has been made with icons for the program the readme file and the uni
56. erent way than the other instruments The voltmeter can be set to measure acquire at fixed times The mea sured value will then be stored on disk or sent to the printer The time at which measurements are taken is not 100 guaranteed The reason for this is the Windows environment which is not a real time multitasking system Because of this there is no guarantee that the time between two measurements is the set interval If this occurs close all windows programs except the voltmeter and then try again Note When printing to the same printerport as to which the measure ment instrument H S801 or HAN DYSCO PE 2 is connected the print command is ignored and a dialog with the message to select another printer is shown Setting the time between two measurements By activating the choice Time from the Acquisition menu the time be tween two measurements can be set A dialog box appears in which the time in seconds can be entered Note When atime shorter than 0 5 seconds is entered the acquisition speed is determined by the changes of the displays Setting the hysteresis W ith an acquisition time smaller than 0 5 seconds the acquisition speed is determined by the changes in the displays It can occur that the input signal has a value just between two displayable values In that case the display will constantly change between the two values To avoid a con stant storage to disk or printer in that case a hysteresis can be set O nl
57. ertain signal will be displayed the lower the full scale value the larger the signal will be displayed It is also possible to enable an autoranging function The sensitivity can be set through the Sensitivity menu The Sensitivity menu is called by enabling the Chl menu and then selecting the Sensitivity menu In this menu the input sensitivities are available Also an Autorang ing setting is available The Sensitivity menu can also be entered by clicking the right mouse button over one of the Channel controls and readouts To switch on Autoranging a special button is available When auto rang ing is switched on the button caption is Auto otherwise it holds the current set input sensitivity Pressing the right mouse button on this button will bring up a menu with all sensitivities Note When autoranging is switched on several measurements might be needed to set the input sensitivity depending on the input signal Chapter 2 Another way to set the sensitivity is by using the keyboard A few keys have been reserved for setting the input sensitivity of the channels These keys are lt F5 gt Increase Ch1 sensitivity lt F6 gt Decrease Ch1 sensitivity lt F7 gt Increase Ch2 sensitivity lt F8 gt Decrease Ch2 sensitivity Setting the signal coupling of a channel The input signal can be coupled directly to the ADC DC or through a Capacitor to the ADC AC In the hardware a capacitor is switched into AC or out of DC
58. ery useful with continuously changing signals W hen auto level triggering is selected the trigger symbol will show that with a letter A in the symbol The level can no longer be adjusted with the symbol Note When a trigger source External is selected or a TV trigger mode is selected the trigger level adjustment is disabled Setting the trigger hysteresis Adjusting a trigger hysteresis can be done in several ways by means of a menu or by using the special trigger symbol To change a trigger hysteresis by means of a menu enter the Trigger menu and select the H ysteresis Ch1 or Hysteresis Ch2 item An input dialog appears in which the trigger hysteresis can be entered in volts When auto level triggering is selected the trigger symbol will show that with aletter A in the symbol The hysteresis can still be adjusted with the symbol Note When a trigger source External is selected or a TV trigger mode is selected the trigger hysteresis adjustment is disabled The trigger symbol The oscilloscope is equipped with a special trigger symbol that is used to adjust the trigger level the trigger hysteresis and the trigger mode The WYSIWYG trigger symbol is found at the left hand side or the right hand side of the signal display depending on the trigger source adjust trigger level adjust trigger hysteresis The oscilloscope 55 56 In the above picture the trigger mode of the left hand symbol is set to Rising
59. ettings are wrong coupling sensitivity etc This can be done in three ways Clicking the Stop button I Pressing the lt S gt key Enter the M easure menu and select the Stop measuring item W hen the measurement is stopped all controlls are enabled again Scroll mode W hile measuring the transient recorder displays the measured signal on a 1 1 base meaning that for each sample 1 display pixel is used When the number of measured samples is larger than the available number of pixels in the display the record view offset has to be changed in such a way that the latest samples will be visible There are two ways to do this Scan mode When the display is full the record view offset will change a full screen so the new samples will start filling the display from the left hand side of the display again The transient recorder 91 Roll mode When the display is full the record view offset will change with one sample making space for one new sample Each new sample causes a change in the record view offset Roll mode looks nicer than Scan mode but is also slower so the Trans ient recorder will sooner miss samples in Roll mode than in Scan mode To set the scroll mode enter the Measure menu select the item Scroll mode and choose between the two possibilities Comparing signals using the reference channels To make the transient recorder keep up with the measuring hardware longer references can be switched off w
60. garithmic axis is selected These components are all outside the dynamic range of the measurement system To avoid confusion with these non existing frequency components the logarithmic graph can be clipped on the theoretical dynamic range of the measurement system This is done by selecting the Vertical log axis range item from the Settings menu and chosing either Not clipped or Clipped conform hardware specs Setting up the frequency range Along the horizontal axis of the screen the frequency of the measured spectrum is projected The spectrum analyzer 99 Magnifying the frequency axis and horizontally positioning the signal is done in the same way as in the oscilloscope and is therefor not discussed here Setting up the frequency axis type 100 The frequency axis can be set up in four different modes Linear Logarithmic Octaves the frequency axis runs from 0 to the maximum fre quency and has a linear division the frequency axis runs from the minimum frequency to the maximum frequency and has a logarithmic divi sion the frequency axis runs from 22 1 Hz to 22 6 kHz and is divided in 10 octaves The center frequencies the lower limits and the higher limits of the octaves are 31 25 Hz 22 1 Hz 44 2 Hz aan Each octave is displayed with the same width on the display Chapter 5 Third octaves The spectrum analyzer This mode requires that the sampling frequency is about 44 kHz and the record
61. gger system can have different sources to determine when measu ring has to start These sources are Chl Trigger on channel 1 Ch2 Trigger on channel 2 Ch3 Trigger on channel 1 Ch4 Trigger on channel 2 External Trigger on the external trigger input Ch1 AND Ch2 Trigger on channel 1 and channel 2 the signals on both channels have to meet their trigger settings Ch1 OR Ch2 Trigger on channel 1 or channel 2 only one of signals has to meet its trigger setting trigger source The HAN DYSCO PE 2 has no external trigger source The items Chl AND Ch2 and Ch1 OR Ch2 are only available when channels 1 and 2 are measured The items Ch3 and Ch4 are only available on the Handyscope 4 w Note The TP112 and the HANDYSCOPE 2 have no AND and OR To change the trigger source enter the Trigger menu and select the Sour ce item In this menu a source can be selected The trigger menu can be found in the main menu and can be called by clicking the trigger button or by pressing the right mouse button when the mouse is over one of the trigger controls or readouts The oscilloscope 53 54 Selecting the trigger mode The trigger system has several trigger modes Rising slope trigger on the rising slope of a signal Falling slope trigger on the falling slope of a signal TV Line trigger on the line sync pulse in a video signal TV Frame odd trigger on the odd frame sync pulse of a video signal TV Frame even trigger on the even frame sync pulse
62. gnal shape and the other settings of the function generator Left of the display there are the signal Shape selector buttons Below the display are the controls for the fre quency symmetry amplitude and offset of the signal At the right of the display are a key pad for numerical input and a key pad for the presets This part of the screen can be hidden using the small button at the right upper corner of the display of the function generator The function gene rator will become smaller and taking up less space on the computer display Presing the button again will expand the window again The same can be obtained by pressing keys lt Shift lt gt and lt Shift gt gt Controling the function generator 114 Signal shape Sine Triangle Square DC White noise File W ith the signal shape selector buttons the signal type can be set Possible signals are Sine a sine wave is generated Triangle a triangle wave is generated Square a square wave is generated DC a constant DC level is generated White noise a white noise is generated File a signal from a file is generated The signal type File is discussed later Chapter 7 Frequency Frequency 1 10 roo 1k 10k 100K 1m 0205 1 15 2 E m gt In the Frequency box all controls for adjusting the signal frequency are located Seven decade buttons set a frequency range in which the fre quency can be set using the slider Each range runs from 0 2 to 2
63. gt Select a longer record length For the third way to change the record length see setting up the sampling speed Setting the horizontal axis type The Transient recorder can measure for a very long time In that case it can be useful to have real time and date values along the time axis instead of the number of seconds since the starting moment This can be selected by opening the Settings menu and select the H ori zontal axis type item Now you can select between Date Time and Sample times Perform measurements 90 Before measuring with the transient recorder the channels and the time base have to be set up completely The channels do not have auto ranging so the sensitivity has to be set manually Since the Transient recorder usually measures slow signals the input coupling should be set to DC otherwise the input capacitor will block the signal Chapter 4 Start measuring When all settings are made the transient recorder can be started This can be done in three ways Clicking the Play button Pressing the lt S gt key Enter the Measure menu and select the Start measuring item When the measurement is started all controlls except the Stop controls are disabled Stop measuring When the predefined number of samples is reached the Transient recor der will stop measuring It is also possible to stop the Transient recorder manually e g when the event to measure is measured or the instrument s
64. h mode The oscilloscope is equipped with a special Math channel This channel can display the following signals Chl Ch2 Chl Ch2 Ch2 Chi These are display added or subtracted signals This means that the on screen signal sizes are added or subtracted The position and size of the math signal can be controlled by the software offset and software gain of both channels To get a math channel both channels have to be on Selecting a math channel is done by selecting a menu item from the Math menu The Math menu can be found in the main menu or can be called by clicking the math button E The oscilloscope 39 g Hint When the oscilloscope operates in split screen mode and ch1 uses the upper half of the screen and ch2 uses the lower half of the screen the math channel comes in the center of the screen The math channel can be switched off again by selecting the item No math from the Math menu Setting up a channel 40 The channels of the oscilloscope are completely configurable All channels are identical each has its own menu item in the main menu Since the possibilities for both channels are equal channel 1 is explained here Where channel 1 is described the same applies to channel 2 3 and 4 With the menu item Ch1 or Ch2 or Ch3 or Ch4 from the main menu a popup menu is called with all settings for a channel Setting the sensitivity of a channel The input sensitivity of a channel determines how large a c
65. he channel with the lowest number is positioned at the upper left corner of the screen the channel with the middle number at the upper right corner and the channel with the highest number at the lower left corner of the screen When four channels are measured channel lis positioned at the upper left corner of the screen channel 2 at the upper right corner channel 3 at the lower left corner of the screen and channel 4 at the lower right cor ner of the screen The voltmeter 69 Setting up a channel 70 The channels of the voltmeter can be setup in several ways Both chan nels have the same settings so only channel 1 is discussed here Setting the input range In the voltmeter the input range or sensitivity can be set through the channels settings dialog The channels setting dialog is called by selecting the Channels option from the Settings menu In this dialog the input sensitvities are available as well as an autoranging setting To switch on Autoranging for the Voltmeter a special button is available When auto ranging is switched on the button caption is Auto otherwise it holds the current set input sensitivity Pressing the right mouse button on this button will bring up a menu with all sensitivities When the input signal is larger than the selected input range is displayed Note When Autoranging is switched on several measurements might be needed to set the input sensitivity properly depending on the
66. he cursor readout window the right most button at the left top of the window caption A menu appears containing the following options The menu can also be called by pressing the right mouse button over the table Time Frequency left the frequency at the position of the left cursor is determined Frequency right the frequency at the position of the right cursor is determined Frequency difference the frequency difference between the left and right cursor is determined Voltage Voltage lett the voltage of the left cursor will be displayed Voltage right the voltage of the right cursor will be displayed Voltage difference the difference between the voltage of the left and the voltage of the right cursor is calculated Selec ting the min and max of the signal the top top value is calculated Distortion The Total Harmonic Distortion of the input signal is determined Up to 100 harmonics are used for the calculation Automatic tracking cursors If this option is enabled the voltage levels of the cursors are automatically set to the voltage levels of the sample numbers which correspond to the left and right cursor Calculate values If this option is disabled no new calculations will be done until the option is enabled Chapter 5 Show measurement name Show measured value Show measurement unit To reduce the space used by the window on the screen the measure ment name value and or unit can be hidden This results in
67. here is always a trigger The oscilloscope 59 Then the time base is set in a way that the signal at the channel that is triggered on is displayed with 2 to 6 periods The auto setup function does nothing to the signal coupling the measure mode ch1 ch2 or ch1 and ch2 etc or the trigger source Zooming When a certain part of the screen has to be enlarged to full screen the zoom function is the easiest way to do that The zoom function is activated by pressing the zoom button a This button stays down until the zoom function is finished When the zoom function is activated a rectangular area in the signal display can be selected with the mouse Place the mouse at one of the corners of the rectangle press the left mouse button keep it pressed and drag the mouse to the opposite corner of the rectangle W hile dragging a dashed rectangle is drawn When the rectangle has the correct size release the mouse button The zooming function will finish and the soft ware offset and gain of both channels and the record view offset and gain are adjusted to the values that result in viewing the selected part of the screen Performing cursor measurements 60 To perform measurements on the measured data two pairs of cursors are available Each cursor pair exists of a horizontal and a vertical cursor that can be placed anywhere inside or outside the signal display W here the two cursors cross each other a link is made For the lef
68. hich are read at power up of the software If the calibation fac tors are altered manually the original values can be restored by pressing the Restore factory cal button If loading a calibration file at startup is enabled this will be disabled by pressing the Restore factory cal button Loading a set of calibration values at start up When a specific set of calibration values is made it can be stored on disk To use this file of calibration values at power up place a check mark in the Use cal file check box at the Hardware page If no file name was selected yet a file open dialog will appear in which a file with calibration values can be selected If an illegal file is selected or cancel is pressed the check box will be untagged Pressing the Restore factory cal button will override the values from the file The software 21 22 When loading calibration values from a file is enabled and a different file has to be loaded this file can be selected by pressing the Change cal file button at the Hardware page If cancel is pressed or an illegal file is selec ted no changes are made to the current selected calibration file Selecting the type of duty cycle The software can use two different types of duty cycle calculation The normal duty cycle setting displays the percentage of which the period is high The inverted duty cycle setting displays the percentage of which the period is low Selection can be made on the Duty
69. hile measuring To do this open the References menu and select the Show references while measuring item When the item Show references while measuring is checked switched on references are shown while the Transient recorder measures If the item is not checked the references are switched off when the measurement is started and switched on again when the Transient recorder is ready Performing cursor measurements 92 Like in the oscilloscope the transient recorder has a set of cursors to perform measurements on the displayed signals The cursors in the transient recorder work exactly like the oscilloscope so refer to chapter 2 the oscilloscope for an explanation on how to work with the cursors Chapter 4 Chapter 5 The spectrum analyzer The common way to examine electrical signals is in the time domain using an oscilloscope The time domain is used to determine amplitude time and phase information which is necessary to describe the behaviour of an electrical system N ot all electrical systems can be characterised in the time domain Cir cuits like filters amplifiers oscillators mixers modulators and detectors can be characterised best by their frequency behaviour That frequency behaviour is best obtained by observing the electrical signals in the fre quency domain To display the frequency domain an instrument is nee ded that can distinguish different frequencies from each other and measu re the signal size at th
70. ht mouse button allows setup of the frequency axis Drag this end of the slider or the other end to adjust the horizon tal magnification Press the right mouse button to setup the fre quency axis Drag this label of the axis and adjust the vertical magnification Press the right mouse button to setup channel 1 Drag the axis and adjust the vertical position of channel 1 Press the right mouse button to setup channel 1 This led indicates whether the input signal is clipped creates higher harmonics or not 12 Chapter 1 The software Requirements To use the Windows software you need an IBM compatible PC AT with 386 25 processor or higher ma thematic coprocessor recommended Microsoft Windows 3 1 or higher 32 MB RAM 4 MB free harddisk space a 3 high densitiy disk drive a mouse or other pointing device 0 ptional a soundcard with wave file playback and or general midi Installation guide Before you install the software make copies of the disks and store the Originals in a safe place Always use the backup disks for installation Windows 3 1x Choose File Run in the program manager Type A SETUP in the com mand line text box and choose Continue Windows 95 and newer Choose Start Run from the taskbar Type A SETUP in the command line text box and choose Continue N ow the installation program is started and will ask which language has to be used during the installation This language will also be set to the d
71. hysteresis trigger moment t 0 end beginning of of record record start of measuring The input signal is compared with two levels in the trigger system the arming level and the firing level When the input signal passes the arming level the trigger system is armed If the input signal passes the firing level the trigger system becomes active and fires a pulse This pulse is used to start the display of the signal The arming level and the firing level are coupled to each other by the trigger hysteresis and their level is determined by the trigger level The firing level corresponds to the trigger level The trigger hysteresis defines at which signal size change can be triggered the change has to be that large that both levels are passed W ith a small trigger hysteresis it is possi ble to trigger on small signals If a signal contains a lot of noise a small Chapter 2 trigger hysteresis causes triggering on the noise instead of the original signal which gives an unstable display A trigger hysteresis larger than the noise level is then necessary In the illustration a signal and the two levels are displayed In this case it is triggered on the rising slope of the signal The signal passes the two levels from low to high When triggering on the falling slope of a signal the two levels are swapped Then the signal has to pass the two levels from high to low to generate a trigger Selecting the trigger source The tri
72. ig nals which overlap each other on the screen The software positioning can be changed by using a menu or by dragging the vertical axes To adjust the offset by means of a menu enter the Chl menu and select the choice Software offset A dialog box appears in which the offset can be entered The value is in Volts Chapter 2 The easiest way of adjusting the offset is by dragging the axis This is done by pressing the left mouse button within the vertical axis but not over the inverted area on the top and bottom of the axes and moving the mouse up or down while keeping the mouse button pressed Magnifying or reducing the vertical axis The measured values can be magnified or reduced by the software by the Software gain By doing this the vertical axes can be made larger or smaller This can be used to display two signals of different sizes on the screen to be compared more easily For example Ch1 is measuring a 5 Volt signal Ch2 is measuring a 4 volt signal Set the gain of Ch1 to 0 8 and the gain of Ch2 to 1 Both signals are displayed with the same size Another application is to display two signals in a split screen mode By setting the gain of the channels to 0 5 and the offset of Ch1 2 divs up and the offset of Ch2 2 divs down the channels are displayed separately The software gain can be changed by using a menu or by dragging the vertical axes To adjust the software gain through the menu enter the Ch1 menu and
73. ignals the oscilloscope the transient recorder and the spectrum analyzer have a reference channels for each life channel R1 and R2 and when using a H andyscope 4 also R3 and R4 R1 is a reference channel for channel 1 and R2 is a reference channel for channel 2 etc These reference channels are filled once and remain unchanged while measuring The references only change when new data is stored in the references Fill the references To fill the reference channel s two ways are available copying the cur rent displayed signals to the reference channels or read previously saved waveform data from disk To copy the current live signals to the reference channels either press the correspronding button on the speed button tool bar g or select the item Copy live to refs from the References menu This will copy the wave form data from the active channel s to the corresponding reference channel s The settings of the channel s will also be copied to a special The software 27 28 reference setting If the reference channel s was were not yet displayed it is they are switched on as well To fill a reference channel with data from disk see the paragraph on Loading saved measurement data from disk The data in the reference channels will remain unchanged until new data is stored in the reference channels The reference channels are displayed with the same record view offset and record view gain as the live chan nels Changing
74. illoscope will keep waiting for the input signal to meet the trigger conditions When all is set press the Start button to start the auto disk measure ments The Cancel button will change to a Stop button and measuring takes place The auto disk measurements stop when the Stop button is pressed or when the disk is full Note In the root ofa disk only 128 files can be stored A RAM drive has a user definable number of entries default 64 and can store no more files than there are entries available The auto disk function will stop with a disk full error when this number of files are written However DOS or Windows might still report a certain amount of free space on the disk To be able to store more files create a directory on the disk and store the files in that directory A directo ry can contain many more files Note The auto disk function can store only 999 files due to the three characters that are used for creating the file serial number Auto setup When an unknown signal is connected to the oscilloscope the easiest way to setup the oscilloscope is by using the Auto setup function The Auto setup function is activated by selecting the item Auto setup from the M easure menu or by pressing the Auto setup button This function sets the sensitivity for both channels to auto ranging so the optimal signal size is obtained Also the trigger level of the channel that is the trigger source is set to auto level to insure t
75. ing the right mouse button on the objects A popup menu will appear in which related settings can be altered When the mouse is placed on an object in an instrument window infor mation about the object is given with fly over hints small rectangles with a few words of text and some text in the hint bar at the bottom of the instrument window Program setup Several parts of the program can be set up to your own demands To change those settings press the Setup button in the instrument task bar The following dialog will appear The software 18 Program settings Ea Active instruments I Instrument taskbar always on top Display colors English Directories A Default text Device HS508 Hardware address LPT1 Instrument resolution 8 bits Calibration date 8 8 97 Serial number 6672 The dialog contains 5 pages with related settings the pages can be selec ted by clicking the tabs Settings that are made in these pages are saved when the application is closed and restored when the application is star ted again The positions and sizes of the instrument windows are also saved and restored Instrument taskbar always on top It is possible to let the instrument taskbar appear always on top of the other windows In that case the instrument taskbar will always be visible The selection for that is made on the Common page with the Instru ment taskbar always on top check box
76. input signal Another way to set the sensitivity is by using the keyboard A few keys have been reserved for setting the input sensitivity of the channels These keys are lt F5 gt Increase Ch1 sensitivity lt F6 gt Decrease Ch1 sensitivity lt F7 gt Increase Ch2 sensitivity lt F8 gt Decrease Ch2 sensitivity Setting the input coupling The input signal can be coupled directly to the ADC DC or through a Capacitor to the ADC AC In the hardware a capacitor is switched into AC or out of DC the signal path Chapter 3 In COUPLING DC the complete signal AC DC at the input is passed through In COUPLING AC only the AC component of the input signal is passed through It is then possible to examine e g a 20 mV ripple ona 30 V DC voltage since only the ripple is passed through and the DC voltage not AC voltages with a frequency lower than 4 Hz are not coupled correctly There are three different ways to set the coupling Two ways are by clicking the coupling button or by pressing keys The third way is through the channel settings dialog The channels setting dialog is called by selec ting the Channels option from the Settings menu In this dialog the signal coupling setting is available In the tool bar for each channel a coupling button is found positioned on the tool bar in the same way as the displays are arranged in the window The picture at the button indicates the state of the coupling setting The left
77. input sa 653 so att ete ates anaes ears aiaed 116 Presets 3 e cho ha Et A ta a HA ER eS ES Ba Pa 117 SESONG aea arar A A eA aa ae ee te ae ea cg 117 gt Select acacia seis Mei hae Seas ea es 118 s Cleaning ipaa lhe det ea heb tg Ee ie a hab ee Tha eh Ene nd 118 PerformingaSWE P i cece cece eee eens 118 Generating a previous measured signal fromafile 120 Measuring and storingasignal 0005 120 Setting the function generator 0 0005 121 Contents V Introduction This manual is intended as an add on for the instrument user manual The instrument user manual describes the hardware and the DOS software This manual describes the W indows software This manual expects that the reader has a basic knowledge how to con trol applications running under windows working with menus in win dows applications etc Introduction 7 N onou Ae w 10 deme m Fie heasule Chi Ch2 Timebase Trigger Cursors Math References Settinys a O al SEE ee Oa ee eee 1000 samples 20 00kSisec He ah 5 00m 10 00m 15 00m Set the trigger level the trigger hysteresis and the trigger slope by dragging and double clicking Press the right mouse button and setup the complete trigger system Toggle auto ranging for channel 1 Press the right mouse button and select an input sensitivity from a menu Toggle the invert for channel 1 Set the signal coupling for channel 1 to AC or DC Copy
78. ither use the DDS mode or it can use a linear mode In the DDS mode a waveform of 1024 points is used to generate the signal Due to the DDS technique very accurate output signal frequencies can be obtained In linear mode a waveform of 64K points is used The sample clock of the generator can be set to a number of settings in order to obtain diffe rent output frequencies The number of settings is limited When a stored waveform is used that is smaller than 64K points the remaining points are filled with a0 volt value Chapter 7 A signal that is measured stored and later generated has to meet certain points in order to be usable The signal has to be measured in channel 1 of the scope For DDS mode the record length of the scope has to be set to 1024 points for linear mode to any required length but 64K is preferred If possible the sampling frequency of the scope has to be set in such a way that exactly 1 period of the signal is captured in the 1024 points or 64K points After the signal is measured it can be saved to disk using Save wave form from the File menu Setting the function generator At the left hand side of the display in the generator a number of signal shape buttons are located one of them is named File With this button a Signal from a file can be selected and loaded into the generator Pressing this button will pop up a file selection dialog in which the proper waveform file can be selecte
79. l change shape click the left mouse button and drag the side of the slider to the position you want Simultaneously the record view gain will be adjusted and the signal in the display changes accordingly Note The minimum slider width is 10 display pixels and the scroll bar width is dependent of the window size so the maximum gain is limited to scroll bar width in pixels 10 With a large window the record view gain can be set to a larger value than with a small window size The oscilloscope 51 To change the record view offset place the mouse pointer anywhere on the slider except on the left hand side or the right hand side The mouse pointer will not change shape Press the left mouse button and drag the Slider to the position you want The record view offset will be adjusted and the signal in the display changes accordingly When the small buttons are clicked the record view offset is increased or decreased by 1 sample When the mouse is clicked within the scroll bar but outside the slider the record view offset is increased or decreased by 5 samples depending on which side of the scroll bar is clicked When the mouse button is kept pressed an auto repeat function is activated Triggering 52 To be able to examine a signal the moment of displaying the signal has to be adjustable Therefore an oscilloscope is equipped with a triggering system This functions as follows a firing level arming level trigger
80. lculations can be set TRUE RMS The true RMS value of the input signal is calculated The true RMS value Root Mean Square is the value of a random voltage corresponding to a DC voltage dissipating the same power in a resistance in the same amount of time So an AC voltage of 1 volt RMS cor responds to a DC voltage of 1 volt Most cheap voltmeters only display when measuring AC voltage the correct value when the input signal is a true sine wave and usually in a limited frequency range This instrument always displays the correct value Peak peak The peak peak value of the input signal is determined The peak peak value of aDC voltage is zero The pe ak peak value of a true sine wave with a RMS value of 1 volt is 2 828 volt The voltmeter 73 Mean Max Min dBm Power Crest 74 The mean value of the input signal is determined The mean value of a varying voltage corresponds with the value of aDC voltage across the same load The mean value ofa 1 volt DC voltage is 1 volt The mean value of a true sine wave AC voltage is 0 The maximum of the input signal is determined The maximum value of a 1 volt DC voltage is 1 volt The maximum value of a 1 volt AC sine wave voltage is 1 414 volt This is determined from the 200 samples The minimum of the input signal is determined The minimum value of a 1 volt DC voltage is 1 volt The minimum value of a1 volt AC sine wave is 1 414 volt Determined from the 200 sa
81. lecting the item Envelope mode from the Measure menu When envelope mode is switched on the Envelope button stays down Envelope mode is switched off by pressing the button again pressing the lt E gt key again or by selecting the Envelope mode menu item again Note Envelope mode is only a display function The envelope signal is not stored to disk or printed in a hardcopy operation Averaging When a noisy signal is measured the influence of the noise can be elimi nated by averaging several measurements The noise component s will disappear and the actual signal remains Chapter 2 Averaging can be switched on by selecting the item Perform averaging of from the Measure menu In the next menu a number of measurements can be selected that have to be averaged The item 1 measurement will switch off averaging Averaging can also be switched on or off by pressing the Averaging button When averaging is set to e g 20 measurements and the oscilloscope is set to Pause presing the O ne shot button will result in taking 20 measu rements which are averaged Averaging is reset each time when the setting of the instrument hardware changes sensitivity coupling sampling frequency record length etc and when the pre defined reset number is reached Note When a number of pre samples is set averaging will have a large effect on the shape of the signal in the pre samples because this part of the measured record changes much Mat
82. length is at least 1024 spectral components When this display mode is switched on the sampling frequency can no longer be set and the record length can only be set to a few lengths the frequency axis runs from 17 54 Hz to 22 6 kHz and is divided in 31 thirds of octaves The center fre quencies the lower limits and the higher limits of the octaves are 101 44 2 Hz 55 7 Hz 62 5 Hz 70 2 Hz 78 7 Hz 88 4 Hz 99 2 Hz 111 Hz 125 Hz 140 Hz 157 Hz 177 Hz 198 Hz 223 Hz 250 Hz 280 Hz 315 Hz 354 Hz 397 Hz 445 Hz 500 Hz 561 Hz 630 Hz 707 Hz 794 Hz 891 Hz 1 00 kHz 1 12 kHz 1 26 kHz 1 41 kHz 1 59 kHz 1 78 kHz 2 00 KHz 2 24 kHz 2 52 KHz 2 82 KHz 3 17 KHz 3 56 KHz 4 00 kHz 4 49 kHz 5 04 kHz 5 66 KHz 6 35 KHz 7 13 KHz 8 00 kHz 8 98 kHz 10 1 kHz 11 3 kHz 14 3 KHz 102 Chapter 5 Each third octave is displayed with the same width on the display This mode requires that the sampling frequency is about 44 kHz and the record length is at least 4096 spectral components When this display mode is switched on the sampling frequency and the record length can no longer be set Note When the spectrum analyzer is set to Hold and the frequency axis is set to octaves or third octaves the signal will not match with the axis and the grid until a new measurement is taken Setting the frequency range The frequency range can be set in two ways using the menu of by means of special function keys The frequency range is determined fully
83. ling of channel 2 to DC Setting the vertical position of a channel The vertical position of a channel on the screen is adjustable in two ways a hardware method and a software method U sing the hardware method an adjustable DC voltage is added before sampling the input signal As a result the vertical position of the signal at the screen changes If a measured signal is larger than the selected input sensitivity range the signal will clip at the upper or lower end of the screen By adding a DC voltage to the signal the part which is clipped can be brought inside of the screen without clipping This hardware method can be realised by activating the choice DC hard ware offset from the Ch1 menu A dialog box appears in which a voltage level in volts can be entered This voltage will be added to the input sig nal If a voltage has to be subtracted enter a negative value The numbers along the vertical axis are adjusted The HAN DYSCO PE 2 H andyscope 3 and Handyscope 4 do not have DC Hardware O ffset Using the software method the signal is adjusted graphicaly after all the samples have been taken This method only affects the displaying of the signal If the input signal is clipped because it is larger than the selected input sensitivity range and the signal is adjusted the signal stays clipped The clipping will show very clearly on the screen The signal is cut off at the top or bottom This positioning method is mainly used to move s
84. mples The value of the input signal is converted to dB This is done using the formula 2 dBm 10 log 1000 male reference resistance value is the RMS value of the input signal The refe rence resistance can be set using the edit box set im pendance value The value of the input signal is converted to a power using the formula 2 POWER value reference resistance value is the RMS value of the input signal The refe rence resistance can be set using the edit box Set im pendance value The value of the input signal is converted to a crest factor using the formula CREST peak value RM S value peak value is the highest voltage of the input signal with respect to the zero level Chapter 3 Frequency Duty cycle The frequency of the input signal is determined Fre quencies lower than 0 5 Hz are displayed as 0 Hz The frequency can be determined for one channel at a time If the frequency is determined for channel 1 the frequency of channel 2 can t be determined The duty cycle of the input signal is determined The duty cycle indicates how much of a signal is low high depending on the duty cycle setting in relation to the periodic time of the signal The number is given in per cent Moment value Displays the voltage level of the first post sample Note If a frequency or duty cycle measurement is set the voltmeter is Slower on all displays because for determination of the freq
85. n two measurements is adjustable from 0 01 second to 500 seconds The number of samples is also adjustable from 1 to 32760 The maximum measuring time is 500 sec x 32760 samples 16380000 seconds 189 6 days Note Due to the different way of measuring the input signals the trans ient recorder can not be used together with the oscilloscope volt meter or spectrum analyzer The transient recorder 85 ar Transient recorder OF x File Measure Chi Ch2 Timebase Cursors References e Help San eee mA Hoe The transient recorder measuring system 86 Before measuring with the transient recorder the channels and the time base have to be set up completely When all settings input sensitivity coupling number of samples sample speed etc are made the transient recorder can be started All settings will be applied to the hardware and the hardware begins to measure The hardware will continue measuring until the predefined number of samples is measured or when the user interrupts the measurement Each measured sample will be stored in the board memory of the hardware When the measurement is running the software will constantly monitor whether a new sample is measured If a new sample is measured it is obtained from the hardware acquisition memory and displayed on the display This will continue until the measurement is ready Chapter 4 Note At certain sample speeds and or relatively slow computers it might occur that
86. nalyzer 97 98 here Since the possibilities for all channels are equal channel 1 is explai ned here Setting the input sensitivity The input sensitivity of a channel determines how large a certain signal will be displayed the lower the full scale value the larger the signal will be displayed It is possible to enable an autoranging function Note The vertical axis in the spectrum analyzer has a range that is twice the input sensitivity This is done because the frequency compo nents of which a signal is built can have a larger amplitude than the input sensitivity So if an input sensitivity of 8 Volt full scale is selec ted the axis will have values from 0 to 16 Volt full scale The sensitivity can be set through the Sensitivity menu The Sensitivity menu is called by enabling the Ch1 menu and then selecting the Sensitivity menu In this menu the input sensitivities are available In the spectrum analyzer also an Autoranging setting is available The Sensitivity menu can also be entered by clicking the right mouse button over one of the Chan nel controls and readouts To switch on Autoranging a special button is available W hen autoranging is switched on the button caption is Auto otherwise it holds the current set input sensitivity Pressing the right mouse button on this button will bring up a menu with all sensitivities Note When Autoranging is switched on several measurements might be needed to set the input sensitivi
87. nd a low value By entering a value in the Set high value or Set low value edit boxes the high and low levels can be set Note For easy entering of low and high values the software does not check whether the high value is larger than the low value So it is possible to enter a low value which is larger than the high value Measurements using these values will give useless results Setting the reference impedance The dBm and power measurements require a reference resistance The value of the resistance can be set using the Set impedance value edit box The value has to be entered in O hm The default value is 600 Chapter 3 U Setting the number of digits after the decimal separator With every calculation done on a measurement a default number of digits after the separator is set auto setting This number corresponds with the significant number of figures determined by thge hardware The number of digits after the separator can be changed using the Number precision selector Note The displays have a maximum number of 6 digits When the value in the display is that large that digits before the decimal separator can t be displayed an arrow pointing to the left is displayed left from the first digit The displayed digits are correct though Sound settings With comparison measurements for each value a sound signal can be set When this is done the set limits are indicated audibly By activating the choice Sounds from the Set
88. nd right of the zero crossing point By using the number of samples between the 10 and 90 points the rise time is calcula ted the rise time at the position of the right cursor is determined using the left cursor position the time on which the selected sample is taken will be dis played using the right cursor position the time on which the selected sample is taken will be dis played the difference between the right and the left cursor sample time is determined using the number of samples between the left and the right cursor the frequency is calcula ted The calculation is done using the following formula number of samples between cursors total number of samples sample frequen cy To determine a correct frequency always select one period or multiply the frequency by the number of selected periods for greater precision Voltage left the voltage of the left cursor will be displayed Voltage right the voltage of the right cursor will be displayed Voltage difference the difference between the voltage of the left and the voltage of the right cursor is calculated Selecting the Chapter 2 min and max of the signal the top top value is calcu lated Slew rate Slew rate left the slew rate of the signal at the position of the left cursor is determined The slew rate is the voltage level which a signal drops or gains per millisecond Slew rate right the slew rate of the signal at the position of the right c
89. ng which way to measure the channels can be done using the Measure menu The channels are arranged left and right from the display W hen one channel is displayed the controls of that chanel will be positio ned left from the display When two channels are measured the controls of the channel with the lowest number will be positioned left from the display the controls from the channel with the highest number right from the display When three channels are displayed the two channels with the lower numbers will be positioned left from the display and the third channel right from the display When all four channels are displayed Ch1 and Ch2 will be positioned left from the display and Ch3 and Ch4 will be positioned right from the dis play Controls from the channel s that are not measured are hidden and the main menu item of that channel s is are grayed Setting up a channel Setting up a channel in the transient recorder is done in the same way as in the oscilloscope The only difference is that in the transient recorder no auto ranging for the input sensitivity is available For information on setting up a channel see chapter 2 the oscilloscope Setting up the time axis 88 The time base in the transient recorder is almost the same as in the oscil loscope However the transient recorder has no pre trigger setting Therefor only the items that differ from the oscilloscope time base settings are discussed here Setting
90. nnels SS The oscilloscope has several modes to display the available channels All possible combination of channels can be made To select the measure mode enter the Measure menu and select e g Chl measure and display only channel 1 Ch2 measure and display only channel 2 Ch3 measure and display only channel 3 Ch4 measure and display only channel 4 Ch1 and Ch2 measure channel 1 and channel 2 simultaneously and display the values of both channels Ch3 and Ch4 measure channel 3 and channel 4 simultaneously and display the values of both channels Note When for the TP508 and HS801 measure mode Ch1 and Ch is selected the highest sampling frequency will be disabled Note When the measure mode Chi and Ch2 is selected displaying math signals becomes available The channels are arranged left and right from the display W hen one channel is displayed the controls of that chanel will be positio ned left from the display When two channels are measured the controls of the channel with the lowest number will be positioned left from the display the controls from the channel with the highest number right from the display When three channels are displayed the two channels with the lower numbers will be positioned left from the display and the third channel right from the display When all four channels are displayed Ch1 and Ch2 will be positioned left from the display and Ch3 and Ch 4 will be positioned right from the dis pla
91. nstall program Structure of the program 14 The program is divided into 4 integrated measurement instruments which are available on the instrument taskbar TP208 300 version 1 0 0 ri EI An oscilloscope A true RMS voltmeter A transient recorder A spectrum analyzer Chapter 1 If an instrument is not active instrument button state is up the instru ment can be made active by pressing the left mouse button over the instrument button If the instrument is active instrument button state is down and you press the left mouse button over the instrument button the instrument will be made inactive and it will hide itself If you have 2 or more instruments active one instrument can be on top of the other To make the inactive instrument active you can move the currently active window away from the inactive window so you can select it However there is a faster way assuming the taskbar is visible press the right mouse button over the instrument button The other four buttons represent the following The signal generator which is part of the hardware instrument N ot all instruments do have a signal generator In that case the button is not visible The program setup The online help The exit button Starting the program The program can easily be started by using the program group created by the setup program By double clicking the icon with the same name as the hardware instrument you are using the
92. o calculation errors occur and no window is required The setting Manual requires that all settings are set by the user The start and stop frequency can be set freely The frequency axis of the spectrum analyzer will be set accordingly so only the range that is sweeped will be visible The function generator 119 Y the frequency step size can be determined from the spectrum length With each step a frequency will be set that generates no calculation er rors It s also posible to set the step size manually but that will probably do generate calculation errors in the FFT Hint For easy creating frequency response characteristics set the mea sure mode of the spectrum analyzer to Measure maximum valu es and switch off autoranging for the channels After setting the sweep parameters the sweep function can be switched On using the on off button During the sweep the frequency readout in the display will follow the output frequency Note When the sweep function is used to determine frequency respon se characteristics be certain to set the signal shape to Sine Generating a previous measured signal from a file 120 It is possible to generate previously measured signals with the function generator provided of course that the amplitude and frequency of the signal are within the specs of the generator Measuring and storing a signal The function generator has two possibilities to generate previous measu red signals It can e
93. on the sample frequency the frequency range is half of the sample frequency To change the Frequency range using the menu enter the Frequency axis menu and select the Frequency range item A new menu will appear with all possible frequency range settings The Frequency axis menu can also be entered by pressing the right mouse button over one of the frequency axis controls or read outs The last item in the menu is a user defined setting Activating this item will bring up a dialog box in which a self defined frequency range within the instrument hardware limitations can be entered Due to the way the sample frequency is generated in the hardware not all frequencies and thus not all frequency ranges can be generated If an invalid frequency range is entered the closest valid frequency range will be generated The following keys can be used to change the frequency range lt F3 gt Set the frequency range one step smaller lt F4 gt Set the frequency range one step larger The spectrum analyzer 103 Y Setting the spectrum record length The spectrum analyzer takes a number of samples to determine the frequency spectrum of the input signal This number has to be a power of 2 After the FFT calculation a spectrum with half of that number spectral components is obtained This number of spectral components is called the Record length To change the record length two ways are available by means of a me nu or by means of function keys
94. pen the Settings menu and select the item Com ment A dialog appears in which the three lines of text can be typed To switch between the three lines use the mouse or the lt Tab gt key Note The text remains the same until new text is entered or the lines The software 29 30 are cleared So when text is entered and more than one wave forms is saved or printed each waveform will have the same com ment Place a comment label When documenting a measurement it can be useful to add some com ment to a specific part of the signal This can be done with the special comment labels These comment labels are placed within the signal display at a specific position in relation to the waveform The comment labels contain text and can have an arrow pointing at a specific point of the waveform The shape the colors and the arrow can all be customised to your specific wishes When printing the measurement the comment labels are placed as well To place acomment label press the comment label button E or activate the Add a comment label item from the Settings menu The comment label is now placed within the signal display It can be dragged to any position with the mouse and the arrow can be dragged to any position as well The comment labels are waveform based when the record view offset or the record view gain changes the position of the comment label remains the same in relation to the record Edit a comment label To change the p
95. press the let mouse button and drag the cursor to the correct position When that is reached release the left mouse button The origi nal mouse pointer shape is restored Setting up the cursor measurements With the cursors it is possible to measure the input signal s in several ways To set up the cursor measurements press the settings button at the cursor readout window the right most button at the left top of the window caption A menu appears containing the following options The menu can also be called by pressing the right mouse button over the table Voltmeter measurements All measurements which can be selected in the voltmeter measurements submenu are also available in the voltmeter The only difference between the measurements is that the voltmeter uses the previous two measure ment values and the current measured values which are added together The oscilloscope 61 62 and meaned before the value is displayed For a complete description of the measurements see the chapter on the voltmeter Time Rise time left Rise time right Sample time left Sample time right Sample time difference Cursor frequency Voltage the rise time of the signal at the position of the left cursor is determined The rise time is de termined by finding the closest zero crossing max min 2 relative to the cursor positi on Next the 10 and 90 values are calcu lated Now the 10 and 90 points are se arched left a
96. red the next time the program is started 111 112 Chapter 7 The function generator The TiePieSCO PE HS801 AWG Handyscope 3 and TP801 AWG are equiped with a function generator fe Function generator Sine Triangle Square pe White noise Fil i ZB Loft Sweep _ pCa Frequency Amplitude i 4 10 a00 1k 40K 1004 1m 0B Mme 7 da a 0 5 10 12 Presets is T BO E E Symmetry DC offset Output K E m oo oo py With the function generator signals of various shapes with adjustable frequency symmetry amplitude and offset N ext to that the function generator contains a sweep generator which can in combination with the spectrum analyzer be used for creating frequency response characteristics of components or circuits And the function generator provides for a number of user definable preset positions Principle of the function generator The function generator uses the DDS technique DDS stands for Direct Digital Synthesis a technnique that uses digital data processing blocks to generate a frequency tunable with a fixed frequency precision clock DDS allows to generate low distortion signals with very accurate frequency adjustment in a fully digital way The function generator 113 Structure of the function generator The function generator is built out of a number of functional blocks At the top a display is located which shows the si
97. rements 0 eee eee 61 Selecting the active channel 1 cee eee 64 Showing or hiding the cursor readout 0c eee 64 Switching off CURSONS s5 45 55 4 AIA 65 TRE VOMMELOF 3522s bene tata he a atk WER Raa 67 The measure system ofthe voltmeter 00 e eae 68 Setting the frequency range 00 20 eee eee eee 68 Displaying channels s se knccsnictent intial ces a 69 Setting up a channel soos es eats vee wel ace wielece we ece wee wen 70 Setting the input range ssa cece eee 70 Setting the input coupling cee eee eee 70 SettingaDC hardware offset 0 cece eee 71 Configuring the displays 00 cece eee eee 72 Switching displays on and Off saaana eee 73 Switching bargraphs on and off 02005 73 Processing the measured value unauna 73 Displaying the calculated value 1 eee 75 Change the units of measure eee 77 Change the units per measurement unit 005 77 Relative measurements 0 0c cece a 77 Comparison measurements 0 cece eee eee 78 Setting the reference impedance 2 78 Setting the number of digits after the decimal separator 79 Sound settings 5 5 33 Me eee tote eS RS BEES 79 Resetting the minimum and maximum values 80 Performing measurements 0c cee eee eee eens 80 Start and stop measuring 0 e eee eee eee 80 Averaging onena seu
98. riodic signal If the sampled signal is not periodic harmonic distortion can arise since the periodic waveform created by the FFT can have sharp discontinuities See also the following illustration These discontinuities are also called calculation errors The spectrum analyzer 95 96 This means that because of the calculation errors extra frequency compo nents are generated around the true frequency Because of this smearing the amplitude of the true frequency decreases since the area under the curve remains the same The smearing caused by the calculation errors can be decreased by placing a window on the FFT block samples in such a way that the ends of the FFT block are smoothly tapered to zero and discontinuities do not occur when the FFT treats the windowed block as one period of a perio dic signal Each sample of the FFT block is therefore multiplied by a factor whose size is dependent on the position of the sample in the FFT block The software supports six different windows rectangular all data is not changed Hanning sinusoidal Hamming sinusoidal Bartlett sinusoidal Blackman triangular Parzen triangular Chapter 5 Displaying channels The spectrum analyzer can display the available channels in any combina tion To select the measure mode enter the Measure menu and select e g Chl measure and display only channel 1 Ch2 measure and display only channel 2 Ch4 measure and display only
99. roperties of a comment label place the mouse pointer on the comment label or the arrow of the comment label and press the right mouse button A menu will pop up in which all properties can be edited Comment text With this item the text in the comment label can be edited An input dialog with a text input box appears after activating Enter the text for the comment label in the input box Multiple lines can be entered and will appear in the comment label as they appear in the text input box Comment shape Chapter 1 With this item the shape of the comment label can be selected Three choices are available a rectangular shape a rectangular shape with rounded corners and an ellipse shape Draw arrow With this item the arrow can be switched on or off When the arrow is switched on a check mark is placed in front of the menu item Arrow point shape The arrow point can have different shapes no point at all a squa re a circle a triangle and an arrow When no point is selected only aline from the comment label to the end point of the arrow is drawn When the arrow point is selected a triangle is drawn that is always pointing away from the comment label When Draw arrow is switched off this item is not available Comment colors With this choice the foreground color and the background color of the comment label and the arrow can be selected The fore ground color is used for the line around the comment label for the text for
100. s 25 5 81 Contents iii Fast measuring 6 3 tate ieee eG Ged GG sed tea 81 One shot measurements 0 0c e eee 81 Storing measurement values on disk or paper 82 Setting the time between two measurements 82 Setting the hysteresis 0 cece eee eee 82 Start an acquisition csc eneiee echoes nate ae ae ees 83 The transient recorder 0000 cece ee eee eee 85 The transient recorder measuring system 86 Displaying channels 0 ccc cece eee eee eens 87 Settingupachannel 0 000 cece eee 88 Setting up the time aXiS ssf bie Giese tk tak ie 88 Setting up the sample speed cece cee eee 88 Setting the record length 00 cece eee 89 Setting the horizontal axis type eee eee 90 Perform measurements 00e eee eee eee 90 Start measuring 35 4 srstss catsats has ahaa ahaa eaters hea 91 Stop measuring 4s c44 iaic aed anand des asi eeaaws 91 ENO Ga panha anpi kiaia naia paia ia ia tant ia 91 Comparing signals using the reference channels 92 Performing cursor measurements 0 cere eee aes 92 The spectrum analyzer 2 0c cece eee 93 Description OLR x fas eso 5 cave uk wna he eRe OR ee 94 Al 5G 4e og 64 544050 6e ta tetas ee ee eet al eS 95 s WANCOWING ass au y eee eee ey ayes ee ee eee eee 95 Displaying channels 0 0 eee eee eee ee eee es 97 Setting up a channel 56 5 45 55 35 55 55 35 5
101. s key pad can be controlled by mouse but also with the keyboard of the computer In that case the window doesn t need to be expanded The top four keys indicate which setting will be adjusted The correspon ding reading in the display will start blinking Also the numerical keys will be enabled and the required value can be entered The input can be ended by pressing the lt Enter gt key The following keys are available Chapter 7 Adjust the symmetry of the signal Adjust the DC offset of the signal Adjust the amplitude of the signal Adjust the frequency of the signal Add this figure to the entered number Add a decimal point to the entered number Reverse the polarity of the entered number Terminate the input Remove the last entered character End the input and apply it HSH JUVE ee Terminate the input Presets The function generator has 8 preset positions to store signal settings Presets W ith a single press on a button a signal with a specified shape amplitude offset frequency and symmetry can be generated The presets are stored together with the application settings and are restored each time the application is started Storing W hen a signal is set that is not yet stored in a preset position and there is a free preset position available the store button is enabled By pressing The function generator 117 the button the signal settings are stored in the free preset position with
102. s together form the record length The position of the trigger point is referred to as the pre trigger value indicating how many pre samples are recorded in the total record Usually and default this number is given in a percentage of the record length but it can be given in a number of samples or in a time value as well To change the pre trigger value two ways are possible by a menu or with the special trigger position scroll bar which is located below the signal display This special scroll bar represents the complete record and the slider 4 represents the trigger point In the above picture the trigger point is set to 25 To change the trigger point place your mouse pointer over the arrow the mouse pointer will change shape press the left mouse button Chapter 2 and drag the slider to the position you want it to have When one of the small buttons at the left hand side or the right hand side of the scroll bar are clicked the pre trigger value will change by 1 When the mouse is clicked within the scroll bar but not on the slider the pre trigger value will increase or decrease by 5 depending on whether the mouse is clicked to the right or to the left of the slider When the mouse button remains pressed an auto repeat function will be activated To change the pre trigger value by using the menu enter the Time base menu and select the Pre trigger value item this will bring up amenu with 5 pre trigger value options and
103. se sensitivity is set to 100 steps per screen each mouse movement will result in a pre trigger value change of 1 Note The mouse sensitivity does not affect adjusting the pre trigger value by clicking the buttons of the scroll bar or by clicking in the scrollbar outside the slider To set the Mouse sensitivity enter the Time base menu and select M ouse Sensitivity pre trigger position adjustment In the menu that pops up the choices are available Magnifying the horizontal axis The software supports a wide range of record lengths which can all been viewed completely A special displaying algorithm guarantees that when ever the record length is larger than the display size no amplitude infor mation will be lost To take a closer look at a smaller part of the record that part can be magnified to fill the screen This is done with the record view gain which is completely variable between 1 0 full record view and a value depen ding on the instrument window width about 40 about 80 Adjusting the record view gain can be done through a menu and by me ans of the special record view scroll bar To change the record view gain by means of a menu enter the Time base menu and select the Record view gain item This will bring up a dialog box in which the requested record view gain can be entered The Time base menu can also be entered by pressing the right mouse button over one of the time base controls or read outs Setting the hori
104. select the choice Software gain A dialog box appears in which the gain can be entered The value of the gain has to be between 0 25 and 4 where values smaller than 1 make the signal appear smaller and values larger than 1 make the signal appear larger To change the software gain by dragging the vertical axis place the mouse pointer over either the upper most or the lower most label of the vertical axis These labels are drawn inverted W hen the mouse pointer is over one of these labels press the left mouse button and drag the label upwards or down wards thereby enlarging or shrinking the axis and the signal Inverting a channel With the software it is possible to invert the signal of a channel This soft ware invert multiplies all measured values by 1 and adapts the values along the vertical axis accordingly The oscilloscope 43 44 There are three ways to invert a signal by means of a menu by means the keyboard and by pressing the invert button The Invert menu is found in the Chl menu In this menu two choices are available to switch the invert on or off A few keys have been reserved to set the invert lt i gt toggles the invert of channel 1 lt Shift i gt toggles the invert of channel 2 In the tool bar for each channel an invert button is found located above the corresponding axis The picture at the button indicates the state of the invert setting The left button of the two buttons below is indicating Invert On
105. show save and load reference signals Select a math channel Toggle envelope mode With the auto setup the oscilloscope sets itself according the input signal Switch between a number of pre defined offset and gain settings for channel 2 Press the right mouse button and select the settings from amenu Adjust the pre trigger point Press the right mouse button and setup the complete time axis a aes Lh A A E File Measure Acquisition Settings Help ano RR me WIAA Channel 1 sensitivity 6 00 hannel 2 sensitivity 2 000V True R True RMS 5 al dBm 0 0000 000 1 The bar graph of display 2 of channel 1 for a quick indication of the signal size Display 1 of channel 1 press the right mouse button to setup the display Reset the minimum and maximum values Stop the measurements with this button Perform a single measurement with this button Perform a measurement at settable times and send the result to the printer 7 Perform a measurement at settable times and store the result on disk 8 Switch the channel 2 signal coupling to AC or DC N O UI A W Introduction 9 10 N OU amp W NN e oe wo 10 E G aa ti Transient recorder e ES File Measure Chi Ch Imebase Cursors References Settirgs Help ECEE a er agaa 500 samples 500 00msec Drag this end of the axis and adjust the gain of channel 1 Press the right mouse button and setup channel
106. sk and restore it each time it is needed This will avoid each time setting up the instrument in the same way To save the instrument setting to disk enter the File menu from the oscilloscope the transient recorder or the spectrum analyzer and select Save instrument setting A save dialog will appear in which a drive and directory can be selected and a name for the setting can be entered If an invalid file name or a name of an existing file name is entered a war ning will be displayed The settings for all instruments are saved in one file This file has the ex tension SET Itis an ASCII file ina Windows IN I format Note This file can be edited in any ASCII editor but it is recommended not to do so to avoid invalid combinations of settings Restore instrument settings from disk When a certain kind of measurement is done often it is useful to save the instrument setting on disk and restore it each time it is needed This will avoid each time setting up the instrument in the same way To restore instrument settings from disk enter the File menu in the oscil loscope transient recorder or spectrum analyzer and select the Restore instrument settings item A restore dialog will appear in which a drive a directory and a file name can be selected After pressing the OK button the file is loaded and all instruments are set according the settings in the file The software 23 Storing measurement data on disk U 24
107. slope and the trigger mode of the right hand symbol is set to Falling slope In TV trigger mode the trigger symbol identifies the trigger mode using a few characters T V L om lt Ho on cH4 To adjust the trigger level using the trigger symbol place the mouse poin ter on the trigger symbol in the area that is marked adjust trigger level in the above picture The mouse pointer will change to a t symbol Press the left mouse button and drag the trigger symbol to the correct position while keeping the left mouse button pressed W hile dragging the trigger level is adjusted according the position of the trigger symbol on the screen When the mouse button is released trigger level adjustment stops and the normal mouse pointer shape is returned To adjust the trigger hysteresis using the trigger symbol place the mouse pointer on the trigger symbol in the area that is marked adjust trigger hysteresis in the above picture The mouse pointer will change to a symbol Press the left mouse button and drag the hysteresis level of the trigger symbol to the correct position while keeping the left mouse but ton pressed While dragging the trigger hysteresis is adjusted according the size of the trigger symbol When the mouse button is released trigger hysteresis adjustment stops and the normal mouse pointer shape is retur ned To adjust the trigger mode using the trigger symbol place the mouse pointer on the trigger symbol and double cli
108. t box the multiplication factor can be entered The measured value is multiplied by the factor and displayed This can be used if e g a 1 10 probe is used To correct the reading enter a value 10 in the edit box Relative measurements The voltmeter can take absolute measurements and relative measure ments When measuring absolute the measurements are related to the 0 level ground When measuring relative the measurements are related to a settable value This value is subtracted from the measured value by The voltmeter 77 78 the software This means that before displaying the value in the display the relative value is substracted from the calculated value The value can be set by entering a value in the Set relative value edit box The value has to be entered in volts To enable relative measurements a checkmark has to be placed after Relative measuring Relative measuring is then enabled Relative measurements can be used with e g a temperature measure ment Suppose the output voltage of a temperature probe at 0 degrees Celcius equals 10 volt By entering a relative value of 10 volt the abso lute temperature is directly readable Comparison measurements For displaying the measured and calculated values 16 methods are availa ble See displaying the measured value Four of those methods are comparison measurements gt then HI lt then LO gt lt COMP lt gt LO HI These measurements require a high a
109. t cursor this link is pink for the right cursor this link is black Switching on cursors To switch on cursors enter the Cursors menu and select the Large cursors item or the Small cursors item Large cursors are drawn from the left to the right hand side of the signal display or from the top to the bottom of the signal display Small cursors only form a small cross The Cursors menu can be found in the main menu or can be called by clicking the right Chapter 2 mouse button in the signal display When the cursors are switched on a special cursor readout window appears as well The cursors are wavefom based This means that the cursor position is related to the wavefom If the record view offset or record view gain is changed the cursor position will remain at the same position in the wave form If the input sensitivity the software offset or software gain is chang ed the cursor will stay at the same voltage level Because of this cursors can get off screen In the record view scroll bar two red lines are drawn to indicate the position of the cursors in the record To position a cursor bring the mouse pointer on the cursor to position The mouse pointer will change shape t position a horizontal cursor dp position a vertical cursor E3 position a cursor pair Hint To position an off screen cursor bring the mouse pointer to the edge of the signal display at which the cursor exceeds The mouse pointer will change shape Now
110. the arrow and for the line around the arrow point The background color is used to fill the comment label and the arrow point Deleting a comment label To delete a comment label place the mouse cursor on the comment label to delete and press the right mouse button A menu will pop up Select the Delete comment item to delete the comment label Make a hard copy print out To save a measurement on paper a WYSIWYG hardcopy utility is ad ded The printout contains all active signals with the settings at the moment of activating the hardcopy function All relevant information about the signals sensitivity offsets gains sampling frequency record length etc are The software 31 32 placed around the signal display A record view indicator is placed in the upper right corner of the printout indicating which part of the measured record is displayed where the trigger point is located and where the cursors are located in the record if switched on If cursors are switched on the cursors are drawn when in the display and a table with the cursor readout is drawn If comment labels are placed they are printed in the same way as they appear on the screen The hardcopy can be activated in three ways using the key combination lt Ctrl P gt using the print button or by entering the File menu and selecting the Print item A print dialog appears in which the current selected printer is indicated To change the select
111. tings menu a dialog appears from which for each display value a sound signal can be set For each display value can be chosen from N o sound 100 Hz 200 Hz 500 Hz 1 kHz 2 kHz 5 kHz and 10 kHz W ith the choice No sound no sound signal is generated with the selected display value If you are using the PC speaker or a WAV device it is only possible to make one sound at a time This means that the sound which is played first is repeated until the condition is invalid As soon as the condition is invalid the sound for the next condition can be played Note If your computer is equipped with a digital playback soundcard a soundcard which can play WAV files you can also play the sounds through your soundcard Select the sound device pull down after which you can select wav device from the list If this option is mis sing and you have a soundcard you should install drivers for the soundcard or you dont have a digital playback soundcard The voltmeter 79 If the computer is equipped with a soundcard it is also possible to select the MIDI device option The MIDI device uses the instru ment settings as defined in the General MIDI standard W hen using MIDI it is possible to play all four sounds LO HI FAIL and PASS at one time Resetting the minimum and maximum values When displaying the measured values the maximum value ever and or the minimum value ever can be displayed These values are kept until the software is closed
112. ty properly depending on the input signal Another way to set the sensitivity is by using the keyboard A few keys have been reserved for setting the input sensitivity of the channels These keys are lt F5 gt Increase Ch1 sensitivity lt F6 gt Decrease Ch1 sensitivity lt F7 gt Increase Ch2 sensitivity lt F8 gt Decrease Ch2 sensitivity Chapter 5 Logarithmic or linear vertical axis The vertical axis of the spectrum analyzer can be set to linear or to loga rithmic W hen set to linear the normal axis is used running from 0 to 2 x Sensiti vity When set to logarithmic the position on the linear axis that is mark ed Sensitivity will get the value Value 20 x log Sensitivity The rest of the labels will get a value that is related to this value and differ from it with 10 dB per division when Software gain is set to 1 The measured data will be transformed to logarithmic data as well Selecting the axis type can be done by entering the Chl menu chosing the Axis type menu and selecting the axis type The axis type can also be set by the keyboard using the following keys lt L gt toggle the Ch1 axis between Linear and Logarithmic lt Shift L gt toggle the Ch2 axis between Linear and Logarithmic Note Due to smearing errors caused by discontinuities See W ind w owing and within specifications distortion in the Analog to D igital Converter non existing frequency components will show up when a lo
113. uency or duty cycle more measurements have to be done Displaying the calculated value For displaying the measured and calculated values 16 methods are availa ble Activate the Display measured value selector to set the following possibilities CH1 CH2 CH1 CH2 CH1 CH2 CH2 CH1 CH1 CH2 CH2 CH1 CH1 CH2 gt then HI The voltmeter The measured value of Ch1 is displayed The measured value of Ch2 is displayed The values of Ch1 and Ch2 are multiplied and the result is displayed The value of Ch1 is divided by the value of Ch2 The result is displayed The value of Ch2 is divided by the value of Ch1 The result is displayed The value of Ch2 is subtracted from the value of Ch1 The result is displayed The value of Ch1 is subtracted from the value of Ch2 The result is displayed The values of Ch1 and Ch2 are added and the sum is dis played The value is compared to the high value If the value is hig her than the high value then PASS is displayed else LO is displayed 75 76 lt then LO The value is compared to the low value If the value is lower than the low value then PASS is displayed else HI is display ed gt lt COMP The value is compared to the high value and the low value lt gt HI LO If the value is higher than the high value H I is displayed If the value is lower than the low value LO is displayed If the value is lower than or equal to the high value and higher
114. up the sample speed The transient recorder measures a number of samples with a certain time between two samples This results in a total measure time of number of samples x time between two samples Chapter 4 To setup the timing characteristics of the transient recorder measure ment open the Transient recorder measurement speed dialog The dialog can be opened by activating the choice Sampling speed from the Time base menu In the upper part of the dialog a selection has to be made how the timing characteristics of the transient recorder measurement have to be set There are three possible ways Enter the number of samples and the time between to measure ments The total measuring time is determined by the dialog Enter the number of samples and the total measuring time The time between two samples is determined by the dialog Enter the time between two samples and the total measuring time The number of samples is determined by the dialog When a selection is made the selected items can be entered in the input boxes in the lower part of the dialog Under the input boxes the deter mined value of the third parameter is displayed W hen an invalid combi nation is made the text in the input box that causes the invalid combinati on turns into red W hen this is ignored the value is clipped to the nearest valid value When the parameters are set properly the OK button can be clicked to apply the values and return to th
115. ursor is determined Phase difference These measurements are only available when both channels are switched on They measure the phase angle difference between the signals on channel 1 and channel 2 When the software can not detect a complete period of the signal on both channels or when the frequency of the two signals are different no phase difference is determined Degrees The angle is presented in degrees Radials The angle is presented in radials cos The cosine value of the angle is presented Set impedance value The dBm and power measurements require a reference resistance The value of the resistance can be set using this menu item The value has to be entered in O hm and is default 600 Automatic correct points By selecting this option the automatic correction of the cursors to the nearest zero crossing is enabled or disabled The right cursor is positio ned one or more periods from the left cursor To determine a frequency or duty cycle position the right cursor at the end of the second period or further for correct results Automatic tracking cursors If this option is enabled the voltage levels of the cursors are automatically set to the voltage levels of the sample numbers which correspond to the left and right cursor Calculate values The oscilloscope 63 64 If this option is disabled no new calculations will be done until the option is enabled Chapter 2 Show measurement name Show measured value
116. will wait untill the windows print manager is ready Then wait until the printer is finished W hen the printer is finished the printer can be discon nected from the computer and the HS801 or HANDYSCOPE 2 can be connected again Hint Place an extra parallel printer port in your computer and use that port for the HS801 or HANDYSCOPE 2 to avoid switching be tween the printer and the computer Ending the program With the right most button in the instrument taskbar the application can be terminated The application settings and instrument window positions are saved on disk The software 33 34 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 The oscilloscope The oscilloscope is an instrument with which electrical voltages varying in time can be displayed With the oscilloscope time dependent electrical signals can be examined easily The oscilloscope has separated voltage inputs channels which can be configured individually It is a digital sampling oscilloscope That means that the oscilloscope takes samples at fixed times From each sample the value is determined and the size is displayed at the screen The screen is filled with all samples Between two adjacent samples on the screen a line is drawn The speed at which the samples are taken is adjustable Cursors are available to perform voltage time or frequency measure ments on the displayed signal en Measure Chi Time Trigger Cursors Math References Settings Help AMUSE Pets PU Pew al Io
117. xed times a measurement is taken and sent to the printer Measuring can be aborted by pressing the Cancel button The printing and writing can also be activated by pressing the following buttons on the speedbar gE In both modes the measurement values are preceded by a block of information In that block is indicated how the channels are set and how the high low and relative levels are set Each measurement is preceded by the time and date of the measurement The voltmeter 83 84 If a measured value is larger than the selected input range is dis played This will also be stored on disk or sent to the printer The date time format can be set through the program settings dialog Chapter 3 Chapter 4 The transient recorder For measuring slowly changing signals e g the temperature change in a room the transient recorder is the most suitable instrument The transient recorder is a two channel direct registering measuring instrument displaying the changes of the input signal graphically on the screen or on paper The transient recorder measures at settable fixed times and processes the measured value if necessary The number of measurements to be taken is also settable Note The transient recorder displays each measured sample immediate ly the oscilloscope first takes all samples and then displays the complete record The transient recorder measures the input signals at adjustable times The time betwee
118. y Controls from the channel s that are not measured are hidden and the main menu item of that channel s is are grayed The oscilloscope 37 38 Envelope mode When a signal is monitored and a glitch is expected envelope mode can be switched on to be sure to see the glitch In envelope mode for each sample in the record a highest value and a lowest value is stored Each measurement is checked whether the new value lies between the previ ous highest and lowest or not If not the highest or lowest value is chang ed to the new value Then a vertical line is drawn between the lowest and highest value So a glitch is always captured Envelope mode is reset each time when the setting of the instrument changes sensitivity offset record length etc when the window size changes and when the pre defined reset number is reached To set the reset number enter the Envelope menu which can be found in the M ea Sure menu or by clicking the right mouse button on the Envelope mode button Select the item Reset envelope after and a menu with the possible option pops up When the choice 32 measurements is selected envelope mode will be reset after 32 measurements When the choice infinite measurements is selected envelope mode will not be reset auto matically only by changes in the instrument settings or by a window size change Envelope mode can be switched on by clicking the envelope button by pressing the lt E gt key or be se
119. y when the input value change exceeds the hysteresis value the input value will be stored Chapter 3 By activating the item H ysteresis from the Acquisition menu a dialog appe ars in which the hysteresis can be entered The hysteresis is entered as a percentage of the last measured value W ith each new measurement the size of the hysteresis in volts is recalculated The hysteresis can only be set with an acquisition time smaller than 0 5 seconds Start an acquisition By activating the choice Write data from the Acquire menu a menu is shown with which a selection can be made to write to disk or printer The choice Disk will cause the measurement data to be stored on disk After activating the choice a save dialog appears in which the drive direc tory and name of the file can be typed If the typed file already exists an overwrite prompt will appear The measuring will start after this At fixed times a measurement is taken and stored on disk Measuring can be aborted by pressing the cancel button The choice Printer will cause the measurement data to be written to the printer After activating the choice a print dialog appears from which a printer can be selected If the port of the printer is the same as the port on which the measure instrument HS801 or HAN DYSCO PE 2 is con nected then the print command will be aborted O therwise a dialog will appear in which the title of the job can be typed Now measuring starts At fi
120. zontal position of the signal s When a record view gain gt 1 is selected only a part of the record is visible To view a certain part of the record a record view offset can be applied Chapter 2 Y Applying a record view offset can be done by means of the special record view scroll bar and by means of a menu To use the menu enter the Time base menu and select the Record view offset item A dialog box will appear in which the record view offset can be entered in seconds When the trigger position is not equal to 0 a negative value will make pre samples visible a positive value will make post samples visible The Time base menu can also be entered by pres sing the right mouse button over one of the time base controls or read outs When the record view gain is equal to 1 0 the Record view offset item is not available in the menu The record view scroll bar For an easy way of adjusting the record view gain and the record view offset the oscilloscope is equipped with a special record view scroll bar located under the signal display ha Ts The dark gray part of the scroll bar represents the measured record the Slider light gray represents the visible part of the record The red lines represent the position of the cursors If the cursors are not switched on no red lines are visible To change the record view gain place the mouse pointer on the left hand side or the right hand side of the slider the mouse pointer wil

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