User Guide Roving Networks, Inc.
Contents
1. SR Z will erase any stored address SRP will write the last address seen by using the Inquiry command This can be helpful when you just have 1 other device in range and want to quickly store and connect to it 809 University Avenue Los Gatos CA 95032 1 408 395 6539 info rovingnetworks com www rovingnetworks com 2 SS lt text gt Example ST lt num gt Example Example SU lt rate gt Example SW lt hex word gt OUT G ES WIRELESS FOR LESS RN Commands Version 4 71 8 21 2008 Page 10 of 27 Service Name 1 to 20 characters SS SerialPort Config Timer of seconds range 0 to 255 decimal default 60 decimal to allow remote configuration over Bluetooth after power up in Slave Mode In all Master modes the remote config timer is set to O no remote configuration In Trigger Master Mode this Timer is used as an Idle timer to Break the connection after the timer expires with no characters being received ST 0 disables remote configuration TI enables remote configuration forever Baudrate 1200 2400 4800 9600 19 2 28 8 38 4 57 6 115K 230K 460K 921K only the first 2 characters are needed SUIS sets the baudrate to 57600 baud Enable low power SNIFF mode Default is 0OOO disabled SNIFF mode allows extreme low power operation Device goes into a deep sleep and wakes up every every 625us lt hex word gt to send receive chars Examp2. Commands that are not recognized will return a To exit command mode type lt cr gt three minus signs NOTE1 You can enter command mode locally over the serial port at any time when not connected Once a connection is made you can only enter command mode if the config timer has not expired To enable continuous configuration set the config timer to 255 Also if the device is in Auto Master mode 3 you will NOT be able to enter command mode when connected over Bluetooth 3 2 REMOTE CONFIGURATION via Bluetooth It is often useful to be able to perform configuration remotely over a Bluetooth connection To do this connect to the device over Bluetooth and using your terminal emulator perform the same steps as you would for local configuration above When finished configuring be sure to either reset the device or Send the command which will exit configuration mode and allow data to pass normally NOTE 2 You can only enter command mode remotely over Bluetooth if you have made a connection and sent the within the config timer window after powerup This can be modified the default contig timer expires 60 seconds after powerup Once the timer has expired any data sent to the device will pass unmodified and unrecognized by the command interpreter The timer can be set to any value from 0 disable remote configuration to 255 decimal which allows continuous no timeout 809 University Avenue Los Ga
3. Example SM 1 sets the mode to Master SN lt name gt Friendly Name of the device 20 characters maximum Example SN MyDevice S lt name gt Serialized Friendly Name of the device 15 characters maximum This command will automatically append the last 2 bytes of the BT MAC address to the name Useful for generating custom names but still having unique serialization Example S MyDevice will set the name to MyDevice ABCD SO lt text gt Extended Status String 8 character maximum Setting this string to from 1 to 8 characters will enable status messages to be sent to the local serial port Two status messages are sent when a Bluetooth connection is established the string lt text gt CONNECT will be sent Upon a Disconnect the string lt text gt DISCONNECT will be sent This parameter is useful for example when connected to a printer the printer can examine an escape sequence if the lt text gt is set to ESC the printer can parse the ESC CONNECT and ESC DISCONNECT messages without interfering with normal print jobs In Trigger or Master modes the first character of this string 1s used as the BREAK connection character Example SO ESC SP lt text gt Security Pin Code 20 character maximum Example SP secretcode SR lt adr gt Remote Address 12 hex digits 6 bytes no spaces or chars between Example SR 00A053112233 NOTE 2 special characters can be used here
4. gt Y 200106 TIR WIRELESS FOR LESS RN Commands Version 4 71 8 21 2008 Page 11 of 27 GET COMMANDS D Display basic settings Address Name Uart Settings Security Pin code Bonding Remote Address This command is an easy way to check the configuration E display extended settings Service Name Service Class Device Class Config Timer M display remote side modem signal status O display other settings Config character IOport values debug mode G lt X gt display stored settings These commands correspond to the SET commands above Example GS will return 1 or 0 depending on the value of security In addition to the above there are a few other useful commands available GB returns the Bluetooth Address of the device GK returns the current connection status 1 connected O not connected G amp return a hex byte containing the value of the PIO Pins V return the software release version CHANGE COMMANDS U lt rate gt lt E O N gt Temporary Uart Change will change the serial parameters immediately but not store them Command will return AOK at current settings then automatic ally exit command mode and switch to new baudrate Baudrate must be EXACTLY 4 characters 1200 2400 4800 9600 19 2 38 4 57 6 115K 230K 460K 921K Parity is E O or N must be capitals Example U 9600 E Sets baudrate to 9600 parity even ACTION COMMANDS enter command mode Characters are PASSED unti
5. low emissions for agency compliance concerns reduce total power utilized Using a command the radio can be instructed to use a maximum value that is lower than the default There are 7 settings in the table Setting HEX value Approximate output in dBm 24 FFES 20 16 FFFO 10 12 FFF4 5 8 FFF8 0 4 FFFC 2 0 0001 6 4 0004 12 the default The command to use is SY lt hex value gt where hex value is the unsigned integer representation of the setting If a nonzero value is stored in the variable then upon power up the radio will use the HIGHEST value that is less than or equal to the stored variable for example if 8 OdBM is desired you would enter SY FFF8 if 0 6dBm is desired you would enter SY 0001 you could also enter 0002 or 0003 Power setting will take effect after power cycle or reboot or reset pin toggle to check the STORED power setting use the O command you will see TX Power 1 or other setting equal to the value you entered to check the current power setting use the GY command Only the actual value will be returned Leading zeroes will not be displayed NOTE the value of GY_may not match the value in the Ocommand due how the value is used as described above 809 University Avenue Los Gatos CA 95032 1 408 395 6539 info rovingnetworks com www rovingnetworks com
6. secure connection or authentication or encryption is checked un check it Changing the clients COM port Widcomm stack the most common stack out there allows you to connect to FireFly using a Virtual COM port mapper The software installs with a default COM port usually COM3 COM4 or COM5 To change this setting From your PC desktop click My Bluetooth Places go to the Bluetooth Device configuration or Advanced Configuration drop down menu click on the client applications tab Select the Bluetooth serial port application name and click on the properties button then you can change the com port Connecting to more than one FireFly from the same client at the same time Bluetooth allows 7 devices at a time in a piconet The Widcomm stack allows you to create multiple instances of serial port profile and connect to multiple FireFlys atthe same time To do this From your PC desktop click My Bluetooth Places go to the Bluetooth Device configuration or Advanced Configuration drop down menu click on the client applications tab Select the Bluetooth serial port application name and click on the ADD COM port button then you can add another Bluetooth serial port and assign it to another virtual com port such as COMO 809 University Avenue Los Gatos CA 95032 1 408 395 6539 info rovingnetworks com www rovingnetworks com 2 OUT G ES WIRELESS FOR LESS RN Commands Version 4 71 8 21 2008 Page 23
7. during powerup on the FireFly PIO6 high on the module If this mode is set the device will initiate a connection to the pre stored remote address immediately upon power up If no address is stored an inquiry process will be attempted and the first device found that matches the COD willbe stored In this mode data is passed without being interpreted by the Blueport high speed hence the connection cannot be broken via command If disconnect occurs the device will attempt to re connect until successful 4 Auto connect DTR Mode This mode must be set by command This mode operates like mode 3 Auto Connect except that the connection and disconnection are controlled by Switch 3 on the FireFly PIO6 on the module Setting the Switch ON PIO6 high will initiate auto connect process and OFF PIO6 low will cause a disconnect 5 Auto connect ANY Mode This mode must be set by command This mode operates like mode 4 DTR mode except that each time the Switch PIO Is set an inquiry is performed and the first device found is connected The stored address is NOT used and the found address is never stored 809 University Avenue Los Gatos CA 95032 1 408 395 6539 info rovingnetworks com www rovingnetworks com OUT G ES WIRELESS FOR LESS RN Commands Version 4 71 8 21 2008 Page 6 of 27 2 3 Configuration Command Mode vs Normal Data mode Upon powerup the device will be in data mode To enter command mode The characters
8. must be sent The device will respond with CMD To exit command mode send lt cr gt The device will respond with END Parameters such as the Bluetooth Name Class of Device and Serial Port settings can be viewed and configured This can be done locally through the serial port UART or from a remote Bluetooth RF link To access configuration the device must be in command mode by issuing While in command mode the device will accept ASCII bytes as commands 3 1 LOCAL CONFIGURATION via serial port Use a normal RS 232 pass through cable from PC passing ASCII characters through the terminal to the FireFly The communications settings should match the settings used when FireFly connects for example the default is 115 200bps 8 bits No Parity 1 stop bit and hardware flow control enabled Local configuration works at any time when the device does NOT have a Bluetooth connection and also works under certain conditions when the device is connected see the table below If the device is in configuration mode and a connection occurs the device will exit configuration mode and data will pass back and forth from the remote device Run your favorite terminal emulator HyperTerminal or other program Type on your screen You should see CMD returned to you This will verify that your cable and comm settings are correct Valid commands will return an AOK response and invalid ones will return ERR
9. such as Bluetooth name and pin code are case sensitive Commands fall into 4 general categories SET COMMANDS store information permanently and take effect after power cycle or software reset GET COMMANDS retrieve the permanently stored information for display to the user CHANGE COMMANDS temporarily change the value of serial baudrate parity etc ACTION COMMANDS perform action such as inquiry connect etc SET COMMANDS S7 lt 1 0 gt SA lt 1 0 gt SB lt timer gt 7 bit data mode 1 to enable O to disable setting can be seen with the d command Authentication 1 to enable O to disable This will force authentication when any remote device attempts to connect Regardless of this setting if a remote device forces authentication this device will respond with the stored pin code Once a remote device has exchanged pin codes with this device a link key will be stored for future use Up to 8 keys are automatically and permanently in flash on the device in a first in first out fashion Send BREAK This is an immediate command which can send a BREAK signal on the TX The timer is used to send a variable length BREAK signal Timer value Break length in milliseconds 1 37ms 2 18 5ms 3 12ms 4 9ms 5 7ms 6 6ms Example SB 2 sends a 18 5 millisecond break signal SC lt hex word gt Service Class 16 bits 11 used this is used with Device Class below to create the 24 bit class of d
10. 0x200 320 ms or 25 duty cycle By lowering the window value power can be saved at the expense of possibly missing an inquiry or page Since the host usually retries automatically many times the only downside is a delay in discovery or connection time The minimum window for inquiry or page is 0x0012 11 25ms corresponding to about a 1 duty cycle Thus average power can be reduced from gt 20ma to lt 3ma in standard mode and lt 3ma in Sniff mode It is also possible and desirable for security reasons to completely disable inquiry Once a host has found and installed a device inquiry 1s not needed only page is used to make a connection To disable inquiry and still allow connections set the Inquiry timer to O with SI 0000 4 1 2 SNIFF mode Sniff mode is another power conservation method utilized by Bluetooth By default Sniff mode is disabled and the radio is active continuously when connected about 25 30ma In Sniff mode the radio wakes up at specific intervals and sleeps in very low power mode around 2ma otherwise The power savings can be quite dramatic To enable it use the SW lt hex word gt command Example interval timers 0x0020 20ms 32 decimal 625 20 0x0050 50ms Ox00AO 100ms 0x0190 14 second 0x0320 Y second 0x0640 1 second Sniff mode only pertains to an active connection When a connection is made both master and slave must support Sniff mode and agree to the Sniff w
11. OPTIONAL on the reset pin of the module It should only be required if the input power supply has a very slow ramp or tends to bounce or have instability on power up Often a microcontroller or embedded CPU IO is available to generate reset once power is stable If not there are many low cost power supervisor chips available such as MCP810T MCP102 121 and Torex XC61F 2 Factory reset PIO4 ltis a good idea to connect this pin to a switch or jumper or resistor so it can be accessed This pin can be used to reset the module to FACTORY DEFAULTS and is often critical in situations where the module has been mis configured 3 CONNECTION status PIO5 is available to drive an LED and blinks at various speeds to indicate status PIO2 is an output which directly reflects the connection state it goes HIGH when connected and LOW otherwise 4 Using SPI bus for flash upgrade While not required this bus is very useful for configuring advanced parameters of the Bluetooth modules and is required for upgrading the firmware on modules The suggested ref design shows a 6pin header which can be implemented to gain access to this bus A minimum mode version could just use the SPI signals 4pins and pickup ground and VCC from elsewhere on the design Important Notes Placing 3 3Vdc into the PIO s while they are set as outputs will permanently damage the radio modules The failure mode is short across GND and VCC Use a 10KO resistor in series or a 1
12. 0KO pull up resistor for input and output PIO s respectively e Make sure to connect a common ground when using the external TX RX inputs on the 0 3 3Vdc e Fora 3 wire DB 9 interface tx rx gnd only connect short CTS to RTS Factory default is hardware flow control enabled CTS and RTS connected e When using a 5 0Vdc Input PIO s require a 10K ohm series resistor PIO s are 0 3 3Vdc not 5 volt tolerant e A null modem adapter is required to make a direct connection to a PC serial port Power Terminals for Evaluation Board Inputs on P1 power connector can be 4 5VDC to 11 0VDC There is internal regulation down to 3 3VDC for all circuitry Worst case power draw for the board is 100ma when the Bluetooth 809 University Avenue Los Gatos CA 95032 1 408 395 6539 info rovingnetworks com www rovingnetworks com OUT G ES WIRELESS FOR LESS RN Commands Version 4 71 8 21 2008 Page 21 of 27 2 radio modem connection is established and transmitting Power can be as low as 1ma to 25ma average when the Bluetooth radio modem is not connected depending on parameter settings Hardware Communications Connections for Modules and Eval Board Radio TX gt RX of the application Micro Controller Unit MCU Radio RX lt TX of the application Micro Controller Unit MCU Radio RTS gt CTS of the application Micro Controller Unit MCU Radio CTS lt RTS of the application Micro Controller Unit MCU LEDs MODE GREEN LED bli
13. 30 feet actual range may vary due to environment or type of client device used to connect to FireFly NOTE Only one client can make connection to FireFlyslave at a time and there is a limit of 7 simultaneous communicating devices in a Bluetooth pico net network As a master it is possible to make multiple connections from FireFly but only in a point to point serialized mode At this time Roving Networks firmware does not support multipoint master mode 809 University Avenue Los Gatos CA 95032 1 408 395 6539 info rovingnetworks com www rovingnetworks com OUT G ES WIRELESS FOR LESS RN Commands Version 4 71 8 21 2008 Page 5 of 27 2 2 Modes of Operation 0 Slave mode This is the default mode whereby other Bluetooth devices can discover and connect to the device Outbound connections can also be made in this mode 1 Master Mode This mode is useful when the device only wants to initiate connections not receive them In this mode the device will NOT be discoverable or connectable 2 Trigger Master Mode In this mode the device will automatically connect to the pre configured remote slave address when a character or characters are received on the local UART Connection will continue until a configurable idle timer 1 to 255 seconds determines that no more data is being received or a configurable BREAK character is seen 3 Auto connect Master Mode This mode can be set by command or by sensing of Switch 3
14. 71 8 21 2008 Page 19 of 27 2 6 Factory Default Power up Settings Bluetooth Service Profile Serial Port Profile SPP Device Mode 0 Slave Baud Rate 115200bps Parity None Data bits 8 bits fixed Stop bits 1 fixed Power Mode Auto low power discoverable mode Name of Device local name FireFly ABCD last 2 bytes of BT address Service Name SPP Service Class 0000 undefined service type Major amp Minor Class Of Device COD 0x1F00 unknown device type Authentication Disabled Encryption Disabled Discovery Enabled 0x0200 windowl fixed interval of Ox800 1 28 Seconds Connection Enabled 0x0200 window fixed interval of 0x800 1 28Seconds Bonding Disabled Config Timer 60 seconds SNIFF mode disabled Default PIN 1234 Note PIO 4 Switch 1 Set ON at power up time and then toggled 3 times will change all settings above back to their factory values except the Device name Device will reboot immediately upon detection of this mode 809 University Avenue Los Gatos CA 95032 1 408 395 6539 info rovingnetworks com www rovingnetworks com OUT G ES WIRELESS FOR LESS RN Commands Version 4 71 8 21 2008 Page 20 of 27 2 7 Design Concerns 7 1 Hardware signals and Power 1 RESET circuit RN 41 contains a 1k pullup to VCC the polarity of reset on the RN41 is ACTIVE LOW RN21 22 contain a 1k pulldown and the reset polarity is ACTIVE HIGH A power on reset circuit with delay is
15. IREPLY CONFIGURATION SWITCHES scsdincesetececencsccnceactescasuntciudatadecesenssaczonsanacsveneteindesetscusasecessenneecnes 25 APPENDIX A FIREFLY EVALUATION BOARD CONNECTORS SIGNALS ccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeees 26 APPENDIX B LOWERING TRANSMIT POWER sitiada aereas 27 AOUING TE 809 University Avenue Los Gatos CA 95032 1 408 395 6539 info rovingnetworks com www rovingnetworks com OUT G ES WIRELESS FOR LESS RN Commands Version 4 71 8 21 2008 Page 3 of 27 2 1 Introduction Scope This Command Set document along with the RN 21 41 class 1 RN22 24 class 2 and the FireFly evaluation board are created to enable developers and integrators an opportunity to create wireless networks using Bluetooth technology The goal is to make the transition to Bluetooth wireless networks as seamless and easy as possible This document will explain how to establish Bluetooth communications between Bluetooth enabled devices for data applications Background The FireFly evaluation board is designed to accommodate the Class1 Bluetooth radio modem serial modules with 2 4GHz RF ceramic chip antenna or external SMA antenna Jack The RN 21 RN 22 and RN 41 modules are Bluetooth ver 2 0 compliant The evaluation board enables a stable platform environment to test serial RS 232 cable replacement over Bluetooth RF links before going directly to an embedded printed circuit board design and layout Commands This d
16. ROVING CET WIRELESS FOR LESS RN Commands Version 4 71 8 21 2008 Page 1 of 27 DD User Guide For TM Roving Networks Bluetooth Serial Module Command Set As applied to RN 21 22 24 and RN 41 Bluetooth Modules BluePort XP RN USB X and FireFly Serial Adapters Version 4 71 August 21 2008 Roving Networks Inc Subject matter contained herein is proprietary to Roving Networks Incorporated and all manufacturing reproduction use and sale rights pertaining to such subject matter are expressly reserved The recipient by accepting this material agrees that this material will mt be used copied or reproduced in whole or in part except in conjunction with the design development and support of Roving Networks hardware and firmware products Roving Networks Incorporated proprietary information is subject to change without notice 809 University Avenue Los Gatos CA 95032 1 408 395 6539 info rovingnetworks com www rovingnetworks com DD WIRELESS FOR LESS RN Commands Version 4 71 8 21 2008 Page 2 of 27 1 INTRODUCTION csie EAEE AREER NAE E 3 2 MODES OF OPERATION cccssscsccscaciasacececscetcsncsasaansscaetennacacsnusenwsenncaqneansucncbosssasncsanenatsenesenanasnedacemaseaatesnencs 5 3 CONFIGURATION conectate deidades 6 3 1 Configuration Locally over Serial pOTt o ooooocooccoccncnnnnnncnorccccnnnnrrnn rr rra nn 6 3 2 Configuration Remotely over Bluetooth oooooocococccccccnccnnncccccnc
17. Wde_ ORX SN O PIO J7 __ 7 BT Connection high state Cs PIO O SB BC GPIO DTRoutput PIOI CD DC QGPO RTSoutpt A O SS O PIO SWITCH LEDS SS PIO 4 SwiTcCH 1 ResetDefaultSettings___ ____________ _PIO 5 LED DL GREEN Pulsesforstatus 0 3 3Vde _______ OOOO PLED DL2 gt gt _ YELLOW RX TX data lowtohigh Cs MI E NA E EA _6 Pin SPI J2 e G MSO J21 Reserved programming MOSI JJaa Reservedprogramming SPICK 23 Reserved programming SPICS Reserved programming gt Z gt Z o gt PWR ATi Optional 3 3VDC Power ___ GND Jas OptionalGroaund____ 809 University Avenue Los Gatos CA 95032 1 408 395 6539 info rovingnetworks com www rovingnetworks com OUT G ES V WIRELESS FOR LESS RN Commands Version 4 71 8 21 2008 Page 27 of 27 Appendix B Lowering Transmit Power All Roving Networks Bluetooth modules and adapters adhere to the Bluetooth 1 1 1 2 and 2 0 2 1 specifications for power control Both the RN 21 and RN 41 radios are Class1 capable The power output of the radio is automatically controlled by the baseband Depending on the operation mode inquiry scan page scan connected the power is adjusted Once a connection is made the radios on both sides negotiate a power setting based on the perceived signal strength RSSI There is some user capability to affect this operation in order to reduce effective range for security reasons
18. ce so that clients can recognize the device as a Bluetooth modem The correct COD for a Bluetooth modem is 0x040210 This can be set using the commands below SC 0004 SD 0210 A number of modem control signals are supported when in DUN or MDM modes and their use is described below 809 University Avenue Los Gatos CA 95032 1 408 395 6539 info rovingnetworks com www rovingnetworks com ROVING CET WIRELESS FOR LESS RN Commands Version 4 71 8 21 2008 Page 16 of 27 2 4 2 PIOs used as modem control signals The Firefly and RN XX modules have the ability to replicate the required modem control hardware signals automatically once a connection is made These signals are transferred outside the data channel using RFCOMM control channels and are automatically updated The default SPP profile profile 0 does NOT drive these signals or report back inputs If DUN or MDM profiles are enabled pofile 1 2 or 3 the following signals are automatically driven and received Inputs read and sent back over Bluetooth to the remote host PIO3 DCD switch 2 PIO6 DSR switch 3 PIO7 CTS switch 4 Inputs are ACTIVE LOW Outputs sent from the remote Bluetooth host and driven out PIO10 DTR this is ACTIVE HIGH PIO11 RTS thisis ACTIVE LOW On the Firefly the DIP switches can also be used to set clear the DCD CTS and DSR signals DTR and RTS are available on the 9 pin header as well 809 Univers
19. es A maximum of 9 devices will be returned As devices are found they are displayed in the format below lt bt address gt lt bt name gt lt cod gt 00A053000123 MySerialPort 72010C IN lt time gt lt cod gt performs an inquiry scan does not return the Bluetooth NAME returns much faster since name requires a remote lookup for each device found IS lt time gt performs an inquiry scan with a COD of 0x001F00 which is the default COD for Roving Networks Serial adapters and modules IR lt time gt performs an inquiry scan with a COD of 0x0055AA which is the special COD used By Roving Networks Serial adapters and modules to enable instant cable replacement H help will print out a list of commands and their basic syntax K Kill disconnect from the current connection P lt char gt Pass thru sends any chars along up to a CR or LF while in command mode Q Causes device to be non discoverable and non connectable temporarily Does not survive a power cycle or reset Used with the Z command below Use the W command to re enable This command will return Quiet as a response R 1 forces a complete reboot of the device similar to a power cycle T lt 0 1 gt Pass receive data from uart or BT while in command mode Returns T 0 T 1 based on input W Re enables discovery and connection This command reloads the stored value of the Inquiry and Page Windows to re enable For example to turn off Discovery bu
20. evice number Example SC 0002 SD lt hex word gt Device Class major and minor in a 16bit word used with service class above Example SD 8040 SE lt 1 0 gt SF 1 SI lt hex word gt Encryption 1 to enable 0 to disable Set Factory Defaults Inquiry Scan Window Sets amount of time device spends enabling inquiry scan discoverability Minimum value is 0x0012 corresponding to about 1 duty cycle Inquiry interval is fixed at 0x800 so time spent in inquiry is 0x12 0x100 by default Maximum value is 0x800 set to 0x0000 to disable inquiry scan and make device non discoverable Default value is Ox0200 809 University Avenue Los Gatos CA 95032 1 408 395 6539 info rovingnetworks com www rovingnetworks com ROVING CET V WIRELESS FOR LESS RN Commands Version 4 71 8 21 2008 Page 9 of 27 SJ lt hex word gt Page Scan Window Sets amount of time device spends enabling page scan connectability Minimum value is 0x0012 corresponding to about 1 duty cycle Page Scan interval is fixed at 0x800 so time spent in page scan mode is 0x12 0x800 by default Maximum value is 0x800 set to 0x0000 to disable page scan and make device non connectable Default value is 0x0200 SL lt E O N gt Parity Can be any of Even Odd or None Only the first character 1s needed Example SL E sets the parity to Even SM lt 3 2 1 0 gt Mode O slave 1 master 2 trigger 3 auto 4 DTR 5 ANY
21. figure below 809 University Avenue Los Gatos CA 95032 1 408 395 6539 info rovingnetworks com www rovingnetworks com OUT G ES WIRELESS FOR LESS RN Commands Version 4 71 8 21 2008 Page 4 of 27 gt Bluetooth Network Bluetooth enabled n modem Connect to Internet Laptop PC Bluetooth enabled mobile phone Connect to Internal a TM File transfer LAN connection Laptop PC RN 24 module pi aF j H d ie af pnr m ii r a mal e e n i RN 41 Module FireFly Adapter RN USB X USB dongle Making a Connection FireFly shows up under Service discovery defaulted as Serial Port Profile SPP Service SPP on FireFly 5302 where SPP is the service name and RN 5302 is the local device name The local device name can be changed and defaults from the factory to the last 2 bytes of the Bluetooth address To connect to FireFly browse for services you should see SPP as the Profile FireFly and will be connected to a Virtual COM port on PCs Palm Pilots PocketPCs or other clients Once connected data will flow in both directions in regular data mode as if the serial port were locally attached Commands to the device can be sent by a remote RF Bluetooth device or on the local UART hardware connection if not connected over Bluetooth by typing three dollar signs FireFly is aClass1 Bluetooth device with high power transceiver 100meters 3
22. indow otherwise the radio will stay in full active on mode Note the maximum allowed Sniff interval is about 20 seconds Ox7FFF sniff word setting 4 1 3 Enabling Deep Sleep Deep Sleep mode can be used to obtain extremely low power operation The device totally shuts down and only draws about 300uA of current in this mode To enable Deep Sleep set the high order bit of the Sniff word Ox8000 This bit is NOT used to determine the sleep interval it is only used as a flag to enable deep sleep For example If you want 1 2 second sleep 0x0320 with Deep sleep you would set the sniff word to 0x8320 809 University Avenue Los Gatos CA 95032 1 408 395 6539 info rovingnetworks com www rovingnetworks com OUT G ES V WIRELESS FOR LESS RN Commands Version 4 71 8 21 2008 Page 15 of 27 In normal low power sleep not deep sleep the firmware is still running in idle mode and wakes up about 20 times per second to check ports update Leds etc During Deep sleep the firmware actually stops running some tasks For example the LEDs only update about once per second There are 3 ways to wake the radio from sleep mode The first is to send a character to the UART Transitions on the RX pin will wake the device from sleep Wake time is worst case 5ms Because of this the first character sent is generally lost by the radio A better way to wake the radio is to toggle the CTS line from LOW to HIGH Wait Sms and then send data The third wa
23. ity Avenue Los Gatos CA 95032 1 408 395 6539 info rovingnetworks com www rovingnetworks com 2 OUT G ES WIRELESS FOR LESS 5 Command Quick Reference SET COMMANDS S7 lt 1 0 gt 7 bit data mode enable disable SA lt 1 0 gt Authentication enable disable SB lt timer gt Send BREAK SC lt hex word gt Service Class SD lt hex word gt Device Class SE lt 1 0 gt Encryption enable disable SF 1 Factory Defaults SI lt hex word gt SJ lt hex word gt SL lt E O N gt SM lt 0 1 2 3 4 5 gt Inquiry Scan window Page Scan window Parity Mode O Slave 1 mstr 2 trig 3 auto 4 DTR 5 ANY RN Commands Version 4 71 8 21 2008 Page 17 of 27 FACTORY SETTING 0 disabled 0 disabled Not Applicable 0x0000 unknown 0x 1 FOO undefined O disabled 0x0200 0x0200 N None O Slave SN lt text gt Name FireFly Xxxx SO lt text gt Connect Disconnect Status String NULL no status string SP lt text gt Pin Code 1234 SR lt adr gt Remote Address SR Z to remove NONE SET SS lt text gt Service Name SPP ST lt num gt Config Timer 60 seconds SU lt rate gt Baudrate 115K SW lt hex gt SNIFF rate 0x0000 disabled SX lt 1 0 gt Bonding O disabled S lt 0 3 gt Profile setting O SPP 1 DCE 2 DTE 3 MDM 0 SPP SZ lt num gt Raw Baudrate S lt 0 1 gt Enable Disable Role Switch O disabled GET DISPLA Y COMMANDS D Basic Settings E Extended Setti
24. l this exact sequence is seen If any bytes are seen before these chars or after these chars in a 1 second window command mode will not be entered and these bytes will be passed on to other side NOTE this char is configurable use the S lt char gt command to change the char exit command mode Exit command mode END will be displayed If connected over BT data will now pass in both directions C lt address gt connect The device will attempt to connect to the remote stored BT address or an optional address can be entered directly CT lt address gt lt timer 1 4secs gt connect with TIMER The device will NOT use or store the remote address rather will make a connection to the lt address gt REQUIRED The device will automatically 809 University Avenue Los Gatos CA 95032 1 408 395 6539 info rovingnetworks com www rovingnetworks com ROVING CET WIRELESS FOR LESS RN Commands Version 4 71 8 21 2008 Page 12 of 27 DD disconnect after 7 seconds 1f no data is seen from UART or BT An optional timer value can be entered to change the default 7 seconds This value is in 1 4 seconds So for a 30 second timer use 120 as the value The maximum value is 255 or 64 seconds F 1 Go to FAST data mode ends configuration immediately I lt time gt lt cod gt performs an inquiry scan Default time is 10 seconds maximum is 48 Cod is optional class of device O or no entry looks for all device class
25. le SW 0050 enables Sniff mode and sets the interval time to 50 hex 625 50 milliseconds SX lt 1 0 gt SZ lt num gt S lt 0 1 gt S lt 0 1 gt S lt char gt This will cause the module to enter low power sleep and wake once every 50 milliseconds to check for RF activity See Section 4 1 for more details on Sniff Bonding enabled creates a single stored connection pair with a remote device Raw Baudrate decimal allows entering of non standard baudrates Based on the formula num Baudrate 0 004096 Profile to use O SPP default 1 DUN DCE 2 DUN DTE 3 MDM See Section 4 2 for more details on Profiles Role Switch Enables and disables Role Switch If set when an incoming connection is occurs to a slave mode device an attempt will be made to force a role switch allowing the slave to become the master This is useful in situations where high speed data is being sent from the local device up to the remote host and can result in better performance However this may create a situation whereby the connecting host will not be able to make additional outbound connections multipoint while connected to this device Default is DISABLED Configuration detect character This allows a change from the default to some other character Factory defaults returns the device to 809 University Avenue Los Gatos CA 95032 1 408 395 6539 info rovingnetworks com www rovingnetworks com
26. ngs O Other Settings G lt X gt Stored setting H Help GB BT Address GK Connection Status G amp I O Ports V Firmware version ACTION COMMANDS C lt address gt Connect optional address if no address use stored remote address CT lt address gt lt t gt Connect required address optional disconnect timer in 4 seconds F 1 Enter Fast data mode end configuration immediate lt time gt lt cod gt Device Scan Inquiry time in seconds optional cod class of device filter O all IN lt time gt lt cod gt Device Scan Inquiry returns NAMEs IS lt time gt Device Scan Inquiry fixed cod 0x001F00 to find Roving devices 809 University Avenue Los Gatos CA 95032 1 408 395 6539 info rovingnetworks com www rovingnetworks com D MUS HEMT WIRELESS FOR LESS RN Commands Version 4 71 8 21 2008 Page 18 of 27 IR lt time gt Device Scan Inquiry fixed cod 0x0055AA to find instant cable pairs K Kall disconnect from current connection Q Turn off Discovery and Connectability R 1 Reboot T lt 0 1 gt Pass receive data from uart or BT while in command mode U lt rate gt lt E O N gt Temp Uart Change amp return the value of the DIP Switches W Re enable Discovery and Connectability Z Enter low power Sleep mode 809 University Avenue Los Gatos CA 95032 1 408 395 6539 info rovingnetworks com www rovingnetworks com OUT G ES WIRELESS FOR LESS RN Commands Version 4
27. nk rate Configuring 10 times per second Startup Config Timer 2 times per second Discoverable Inquiring Idle Once per second Connected olid ON The LED blinks whendata is transferred on either the RX or TX pins of the DB9 serial port It is a physical monitor of the actual voltage and is not driven by software in the module 7 2 Latency vs throughput and packetization The firmware automatically must make decisions on when to forward receive data coming into the Uart RX input out the RF link The default mode is to optimize for throughput In some cases especially with smaller close spaced incoming data packets the data can get split with partial packet forwarded and other data coming later Unfortunately Bluetooth has algorithms that can cause significant latency between packets gt 10ms at certain times If the host protocol expects data to come as contiguous bursts and has short timeouts this can cause errors There is another method of optimization which will force the radio to attempt to keep small bursts of data together This is termed optimize for latency To enable this mode there is a special debug command The command is SQ 16 This sets the latency bit in the firmware To disable this mode Use the command SQ 0 The value of the register can be read with the GQ command and will read back as HEX even though it is set as decimal 7 3 Limitations of using 7 Bit data mode Roving Networks firmware
28. nnnnrnrrrr anno 6 3 3 Using PIO Dip switches for quick COnfiguratiOn cccc cece seen eee e eee eee e eee eeeeeeeeeees 7 a COMMAND SET REFERENCE areata ae ee eect E E 8 4 1 1 Using Low Power modes inquiry and page timefS 0c ccce scene cece eeeeeene eee eeeeas 14 412 sine Low Power SNIFF Mode erat tido ess 14 A 14 4 1 4 Disabling Output a IP IIA 15 4 1 5 Lowering Transmit Power see appendix B oocoooocccccccccnncccnnnnnnrccc nn n norris 15 ESA e o sees 16 4 3 Using PIO Pins to create Modem control signals o ooooccooccoooncccccnncnnnnnrrrrnannoo 16 5 COMMAND QUICK REFERNCE TABLE oscars li 17 o FACTOR Y DEFAULT SETTINGS bae abba 19 T DESIGN CONGERNS seoticaicai a E 20 7 1 Hardware Signals and LO WE Cin cicrccccanedeie ponwinr even pcotenuanenesunereyenewnn de suntonbene caia 20 7 2 Latency vs throughput and packetization 0 ccc cece cece cece cee ee eee e eee eeeeeeeenneeees 21 Eo LAmitac ns OF 7 DIL TMOUG sion aus ccccawneseanmnonemde ra nario Rica 21 8 COMMON PROBLEMS AND QUES TIONS wisccssitcesccncieactectiivencstcanssnctticenerietatecrtivenccnnexdeucbiicneccdeiwederesicnns 22 9 DISCOVERY AND CONNECTION sisas tar ni a 23 9 1 Example of a Master Discovery and Connection Sequence ooooooocccccccccnnnccccnnnnnn noo 23 9 2 Using PIOs Switches for Auto pairing and Auto Connection cc cece cece eee eeees 23 10 INSTANT CABLE REPLACEMENT EXAMPLE coord 24 11 F
29. ocument describes the protocol used to control and configure RN XX Bluetooth Serial Modules The protocol is similar to the industry standard Hayes AT protocol used in telephone modems due to the fact that both types of devices are connection oriented Appropriate commands have been provided to make the module perform the two core actions of a Bluetooth device which is make break connections and Inquiry Additionalcommands are also provided to perform other functions The RN XX serial radio modems can be configured commanded and controlled through simple ASCII strings through the hardware serial UART or over a remote Bluetooth RF connection Applications The FireFly and RN 24 evaluation boards can be used for both embedded and PC product applications The FireFly has RS 232 DB 9 and 0 3 3Vdc direct UART interfaces to the module RN 24 has thru hole pins on pin strip headers 12 General Purpose 3 3Volt input output pins PIO s available for use Both modules have the ability to control power to the module and reset to factory defaults Pico Nets For applications that require more than point to point 2 devices communicating simultaneously this is called a pico net These applications require one of the Bluetooth devices to manage all the network connections The easiest implementation is using a Personal Computer PC that manages this activity with MS Windows Bluetooth stack software and USB Bluetooth Communicator plugged into the PC see
30. of 27 9 9 1 1 2 3 4 9 2 Discovery and Connection Example of a Master Discovery Connection Sequence From power up and no connection Perform an Inquiry to obtain BT_Address unless it is already known Sent Places Radio in Command Mode Reply CMD lt cr gt Sent 130 lt cr gt Looks for Bluetooth devices Reply 00A0961 12233 1F00O lt cr gt Inquiry Done lt cr Store the remote address just found Sent SR 00A096112233 lt cr gt or just SR I if this was the only device found Reply AOK lt cr gt Connect Sent C lt cr gt Places Radio in Connect Reply AOK lt cr gt Device will attempt connection to remote slave TRYING will be displayed Reply lt text gt CONNECTs lt cr gt this will be displayed once connection is made if lt text gt string is defined in the stored parameters Send Receive data Using PIOs Switches for Auto pairing and Auto Connection PIO3 PIO6 Function low low default slave no special function high low slave changes cod to 0x0055aa for auto pairing low high auto master uses STORED address does not try auto pairing high high auto master auto pairing looks for first device with Ox55aa stores it and connects to it To enable cable replacement set PIO3 high on slave PIO3 PIO6 high on master Once paired PIO3 low on both devices so re pairing with another roving device does not occur PIO3 DIP Switch 2 PIO6 Dip S
31. oftware as outputs they can be disabled using the direction command to save power for example and used as inputs If set to outputs the software will override any user values SETTING GPIO 8 9 10 11 S lt hexword gt MASK 11 8 VALUE 11 8 For the upper 4 GPIO a single word controls the mask and values and only the lower 4 bits of each byte are used The first time this command is used all 4 GPIO are driven as outputs and remain so until a power cycle There is no powerup command for these bits only the interactive one Some modules do not offer these GPIO Examples S 0101 GPIO 8 driven HIGH S 0100 GPIO 8 driven LOW S 0202 GPIO 9 driven HIGH 809 University Avenue Los Gatos CA 95032 1 408 395 6539 info rovingnetworks com www rovingnetworks com OUT G ES WIRELESS FOR LESS RN Commands Version 4 71 8 21 2008 Page 14 of 27 2 4 1 Using Low Power Modes 4 1 1 Inquiry Discovery and Page Connection Windows There are 2 timers that can be used to lower the idle Slave mode power of the radio When not connected the Radio is active for a percentage of time listening to see if any other device wants to Discovery inquire or Connect page The amount of time the radio is on is called the window and the rate at which the process cycles is called the interval The interval is fixed at 0x800 1 28seconds with Sniff disabled and 2 56 seconds with Sniff enabled The window can be adjusted The default window is
32. supports selectable 7 bit data mode using the S7 1 command Unfortunately the Bluetooth hardware does not support 7 bit data so this function is accomplished in the firmware application While completely functional the performance in 7 bit mode is less than ideal because software emulation is required to make this work Hence there is a noticeable latency and character per second processing limit in this mode Therefore it is not recommended that this mode be used if the desired serial baudrate is greater than 9600 baud 809 University Avenue Los Gatos CA 95032 1 408 395 6539 info rovingnetworks com www rovingnetworks com OUT G ES WIRELESS FOR LESS RN Commands Version 4 71 8 21 2008 Page 22 of 27 2 8 COMMON PROBLEMS and QUESTIONS My Bluetooth client can see the FireFly and its serial service but can t connect This is most likely caused by a security setting on your client FireFly does support authentication by default if the client requires it using default pincode of 1234 but for ease of use you may want to turn security off on your client Some clients have these setting off by default others have them on To check and disable security From your PC desktop click My Bluetooth Places go to the Bluetooth Device configuration or Advanced Configuration drop down menu click on the client applications tab Select the Bluetooth serial port application name and click on the properties button if
33. t still allow connections send an S1 0000 command and follow it with W command This command returns Wake as a response amp returns the value of the switches on BluePort or value of PIO3 4 6 7 on other modules Enters low power deep sleep mode lt 2ma when NOT connected Can only be exited by toggling the RESET pin on the module causing a HARD reset or power cycling the device To get the lowest power mode first issue a Q then a Z Use the SNIFF settings to get lowest power while connected 809 University Avenue Los Gatos CA 95032 1 408 395 6539 info rovingnetworks com www rovingnetworks com AOUING LTE WIRELESS FOR LESS RN Commands Version 4 71 8 21 2008 Page 13 of 27 2 COMMANDS to MANIPULATE GPIO MD VALUE DESCRIPTION al direction bits for GPIO The GPIO command interface uses combination et values for GPIO of 2bytes a mask and value packed into a hex tore powerup direction bits for GPIO word for each command The first byte the tore powerup values for GPIO mask determines which GPIO are to be lt hexword gt Set values for PIO8 9 10 11 affected and the second byte is the value to set 15 8 7 0 lt hexword gt MASK 7 0 VALUE 7 0 There are 2 registers used to control the GPIO the first is a direction register This controls whether the GPIO is an input or an output The second register is the value to apply to the GPIO if set to an outp
34. to the remote device If Switch3 PIO6 is NOT set the device will enter slave mode with the special matching class waiting to be found by the master This mode is usually set once on both ends of a pair of devices for instant cable replacement and then removed Auto Connect mode This is equivalent to auto master mode 3 in software The device will connect to the stored address If Switch2 PIO3 is also set new discovery pairing can be made see above Baud Rate select used to configure 9600 or software selected default 115K baudrate If the switch is OFF the stored baudrate setting will be used When the switch is in the ON position the baudrate will be set to 9600 regardless of the software setting NOTE for the purpose of configuration above the swithes lO pins are sampled ONLY at power up time during the first 500milliseconds so they can be used for other functions once the device is in operation The exception is the factory reset switch PIO which once enabled can be toggled at any time after powerup a total of 3 transitions will cause the factory reset to occur 809 University Avenue Los Gatos CA 95032 1 408 395 6539 info rovingnetworks com www rovingnetworks com 2 OUT G ES WIRELESS FOR LESS RN Commands Version 4 71 8 21 2008 Page 8 of 27 4 Command Reference The commands are all single or 2 character generally comma delimited Commands and hex input data can be upper or lower case Text data
35. tos CA 95032 1 408 395 6539 info rovingnetworks com www rovingnetworks com OUT G ES WIRELESS FOR LESS RN Commands Version 4 71 8 21 2008 Page 7 of 27 2 configuration WARNING Configuration local or remote is NEVER enabled when the device is in auto mode and is connected over Bluetooth CONFIG TIMER settings VALUE DESCRIPTION decimal No remote config No local config when connected 1 Time in seconds from powerup to allow config o 253 Continous config LOCAL only 254 CC ontiuous config REMOTE only 255 Continous config both LOCAL and REMOTE 3 3 Using the PIO pins DIP switches to perform quick configuration Function DIP Switch PIO modules Settings adapters Factory Reset 1 PIO 4 OFF OV disabled ON 3V ARMED uto Discovery Pairing PIO 3 OFF OV disabled ON 3V enabled Auto Connect 3 PIO 6 OFF OV disabled ON 3V enabled Baudrate 4 PIO 7 OFF 0V stored setting 115K ON 3V 9600 Factory Reset Set this switch PIO on powerup This arms the reset function Then toggle the switch PIO 3 times and all settings in the device other than the Bluetooth name will return to defaults Auto Discovery Pairing Mode Used with Switch3 PIO6 If Switch3 PIO6 also set the device will perform a device Inquiry Scan searching for a partner Device with a special matching class Ox55AA and once found store the address of such device into the remote address field and then auto connect
36. ut or is the value of the built in weak pull up resistor if the GPIO is set to an input These settings are immediate and do not survive a power cycle Examples SO 8080 sets GPIO 7 to an output S amp 8080 drives GPIO 7 high S amp 8000 drives GPIO 7 low Power up values These 2 registers will apply the direction and values upon each subsequent power up Examples S 0101 sets GPIO 0 to an output on power up S10303 drives GPIO 0 high and pulls up GPIO 1 Multiple bits can be set any bits with a mask of O are left unaffected for the command Some GPIO are checked at power up time to perform certain functions so care must be taken when manipulating them GPIO3 6 are used to automatically set master mode and auto discovery If it is desired to use these GPIO for other purposes at power up a special command must be used to disable their being sensed at power up time This command is SQ 4 lt cr gt this will set a flag in a stored register that is read at power up The Powerup settings for the GPIO can also be viewed using the O other settings command WARNING GPIO 4 is used by the system to reset stored parameters to factory defaults If GPIO4 is pulled high on power up and then toggled 3 times all user settings will return to default values Therefore this pin should not be used as an output and should not be driven high at power up time first second of operation NOTE GPIO2 and 5 are driven by the embedded s
37. ver and connect by via Switch 3 AND Switch 2 4 DEFAULT BAUD RATE OFF 115K factory setting ON 9600 Overridden by software configuration Instant Cable Replacement Example MASTER BOTTOM SIDE 4 Default baud 9600 115k 3 AUTO MASTER 2 AUTO DISCOVER 1 FACTORY DEFAULTS BOTTOM SIDE 4 Default baud 9600 115k 3 AUTO MASTER 2 AUTO DISCOVER 1 FACTORY DEFAULTS 1 Set switches as shown above 2 Power up both devices 3 Master finds and store slave address and auto connects 4 Set Switch 2 on both Master and Slave back to OFF so that they don t try to re pair each time power is cycled 809 University Avenue Los Gatos CA 95032 1 408 395 6539 info rovingnetworks com www rovingnetworks com AOUING TE WIRELESS FOR LESS RN Commands Version 4 71 8 21 2008 Page 26 of 27 2 Appendix A FireFly Evaluation Board Physical Ports PO Boana a i Poner 60 80 Va B00 P Pe ee S oS A O SS O O RS 232 SERIAL EN1 o Modemcontroloptions Pint DCD __ DBa Notued4__ _z_ PIO2 BT connect status Pin2 TX_ JDB _ J2 OUT SSI Pin3g RX_ DBO SN S Pin5 GND_ DBO _ _ Je gt o o o Pin6 DSR_ DB9 6 Notuseda PIO11 remote RTS out OUT activelowW S Pin8g CTS_ DB9 8 IN actvelow Ping RING DB9 9 Pwr IN 45 11Vd Cs A O OS O SERIAL 3 3V J SS PWR ST Optional VDC in GND J32 CE GROUND CTS SN SS R S Js 4 OUT 0 33VWe_ TX Jas COUT 0 33
38. witch 3 on Firefly and BlueportXP 809 University Avenue Los Gatos CA 95032 1 408 395 6539 info rovingnetworks com www rovingnetworks com OUT G ES WIRELESS FOR LESS RN Commands Version 4 71 8 21 2008 Page 24 of 27 2 10 FireFly Configuration FireFly Serial Jumpers DTE PC DCE B WIRE DTE DTE 3 Wire FACTORY DEFAULT CTS shorted to RTS remove gr f qi jumpers and install 1 jumper between pins 9 and 10 DTE Like a PC RX 2 TX 3 RTS 7 CTS 8 DCE like a modem RX 3 TX 2 RTS 8 CTS 7 809 University Avenue Los Gatos CA 95032 1 408 395 6539 info rovingnetworks com www rovingnetworks com DD ROVIN CTIE WIRELESS FOR LESS RN Commands Version 4 71 8 21 2008 Page 25 of 27 11 FireFly Configuration Switches BOTTOM SIDE 4 Default baud 9600 115k 3 AUTO MASTER 2 AUTO DISCOVER 1 FACTORY DEFAULTS 1 FACTORY DEFAULTS Set this switch ON power up unit and toggle the switch from ON to OFF 3 times to return the unit to factory settings 2 AUTO DISCOVER MODE In Slave mode sets a special class of device which is used by a remote Master to auto connect IF Switch 3 also SET the device performs a search stores and connects to a remote slave which has this switch 2 set 3 AUTO MASTER MODE BluePort acts as master auto connect to a stored remote address First set the BT address of the device to connect to using the SR command or have BluePort auto disco
39. y is automatic the radio will wake every lt hex word gt slot times 1 slot time 625us as defined above The radio wakes and listens to see if the other side of the connection has anything to send This wake time is typically about 5ms 8 slots even if no data is to be transferred Once the radio is awake it will stay active for exactly 1 second of inactivity and then sleep again NOTE setting this mode can cause latency issues and dropped bytes loss of performance in cases where large amounts of data are being transferred The nuances of Bluetooth Sniff can be complex contact Roving Networks if necessary for more details on how to utilize Sniff mode 4 1 4 Disabling Output drivers Use the command 1000 to set all PIOO 11 to inputs This will also turn off the LED PIOS5 on the FireFly adapter 4 1 5 Lowering Transmit Power See Appendix B at the end of the document 4 2 Profile Selection The default profile 1s Serial Port Profile SPP The firmware also supports the DUN profile in both master and slave modes To change the profile use the S lt num gt command Profile 0 Default SPP no modem control DUN DCE slave or gateway 2 DUN DTE master or client 3 MDM SPP with modem control signals The most common use of DUN profile is to enable a BT client to connect to a dialup modem For this mode use profile 1 DUN DCE via command S 1 You may also want to set the Class Of Devi
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