Beggars and philanthropists β7 User manual
Contents
1. newBudgetPhilantropist in Philantrhopist replen ishBudget The deviation of increase of the budgets of philanthropists Deviation Incr Phil newBudgetPhilantropist in 0 02 Philantrhopist replen ishBudget Mean Expenditure Begg The mean percentage of the budget that is spent by a beggar expenditureBeggar in Beg 0 95 gar spendGrant Deviation Expenditure Begg The deviation of the percentage of the budget that is spent by a beggar expenditureBeggar in Beg 0 02 gar spendGrant Base Value The base risk of being reviewed Beggar selectPhilantropist2 0 25 Collect stat from The iteration from which statis goBankRupt Beggar beg 5 tics is collected garLifeSpan handleAnswer Beggar grantDifferences Catastrophe Alarm If true a catastrophe detector is addValueToStatistics in False activated in histograms after 30 BlockDiagram observations Alarm Sound If true a sound is played for addValueToStatistics in False each catastrophe BlockDiagram Alarm set point Defines a catastrophe a dis addValueToStatistics in 4 tance greater than the set point BlockDiagram is a catastrophe 5 4 Histograms There are 3 displays of histograms Beggar Life Span Grant Differences and Applicants 6 27 2008 18 Grant differences Grant differences In order to avoid that small numbers disappear on the display a measurement is displayed 3 pixels below the x axis if2. budget is the measure method ment The number of applications received received from beggars is the number of ob servations SumPhilBud Philantrophists replenishBudget method SumBegBud Beggars makeApplication method SumBegGra Beggars handleAnswer method NumOfBeg The method runOneSimulation after The variable measures the number of surviv the iteration has ended ing beggars after iteration i NumMovBeg Beggar s move method NumCollBeg Beggar s goBankRupt method NumRevBeg Philantrophists calculateGrantList The variable counts the number of beggars method selected for review AveBudBeg The method runOneSimulation after The variable counts the average budget of the iteration has ended beggars AveBudPhil The method runOneSimulation after The variable counts the average budget of the iteration has ended philanthropists numOfCatas The beggar s handleAnswer method The variable counts the number of catastro phes in an iteration 5 Windows The system contains the following types of windows The control window The birds eye window The parameter window Histograms Trend curve diagrams 5 1 Control window The control window is used to control the simulation It can run in two modes step through and run through The former allows the user to manually step through the simulation by clicking the Step button The latter runs automatically through the simulation The Terminate button terminates the current simulati
3. grants in an iteration NumOfBeg The number of surviving beggars after an iteration NumMovBeg The number of moving beggars in an iteration NumCollBeg The number of collapsing beggars in an iteration NumRevBeg The number of reviewed beggars in an iteration AveBudBeg The average budget of beggars in an iteration AveBudPhil The average budget of philanthropists in an iteration numOfCatas The number of catastrophes in an iteration During a simulation a list of statistics is built up Object1 Statistics Table Object2 Statistics Object3 Statistics Object4 Statistics iteration iteration iteration SumPhilBud SumPhilBud SumPhilBud SubBegBud SubBegBud SubBegBud SumBegGrant SumBegGrant SumBegGrant NumOfBeg NumOfBeg NumOfBeg NumMovBeg NumMovBeg NumMovBeg NumCollBeg NumCollBeg NumCollBeg NumRevBeg NumRevBeg NumRevBeg Data structure built up for trend curves Each object represent one iteration where figures for SumPhilBud etc are recorded 6 27 2008 12 4 Collection of statistics The statistics are collected in the following way Name Point of measurement Comment grant differences Beggar s handleAnswer method just No grant is recorded as a 0 after the new grant has been recorded beggarLifeSpan Beggars goBankRupt method The life span of a beggar is death iteration birth iteration Applicants Philanthropists calculateGrant The philantropists
4. 1 lphil and 0 810783834722 2phil selected philantropist 2phil calculated a budget proposal of 82 crowns sent proposal for 82 crowns to 2phil received 82 crowns from 2phil handled answer spent 75 crowns 16 Iteration 44 found 3 philantropists calculated 1 4phil 1 lphil and 4 2phil competitors calculated paths to 3 philantropists 4 4phil and 1 lphil calculated the successrates 1 4phil 1 lphil and 1 2phil selected philantropist 2phil calculated a budget proposal of 82 crowns sent proposal for 82 crowns to 2phil received 82 crowns from 2phil handled answer spent 83 crowns 17 Iteration 45 found 3 philantropists calculated 1 4phil 1 lphil and 3 2phil competitors calculated paths to 3 philantropists 4 4phil and 1 lphil calculated the successrates 1 4phil 1 lphil and 0 78968739956 2phil selected philantropist 2phil calculated a budget proposal of 85 crowns sent proposal for 85 crowns to 2phil received 85 crowns from 2phil handled answer spent 76 crowns 18 Iteration 46 found 3 philantropists calculated 1 4phil 1 1lphil and 4 2phil competitors calculated paths to 3 philantropists 4 4phil and 1 1lphil calculated the successrates 1 4phil 1 lphil and 1 2phil selected philantropist 2phil calculated a budget proposal of 86 crowns sent proposal for 86 crowns to 2phil received 86 crowns from 2phil handled answer spent 80 crowns 19 Iteration 47 found 3 p
5. 2phi Bs AL and 3 handled answer sp tion 36 found 3 p hil competitors tera 2p he succ ropist 2phil nt 65 hilan crowns tropists and 1 1lphil calculated t 1 1phil and 1 2phil proposal of 70 crowns sent crowns from 2phil handled 9 Iteration 37 found 3 p and 3 2phil competitors and 1 1lphil calculated t answer hilantropists calcula 1 2phil selected philant 71 crowns sent proposal fo 2phil handled answer sp 10 Iteration 38 found 3 and 3 2phil competitors and 1 1lphil calculated t he successrat ropist 2phi r 71 crowns nt 69 crowns philantropis r ts spent calcula calculated paths to 3 philantropists 4 4phil ssrates 1 4phil calcula sent proposal for 67 crowns to 2phil calcula calculated paths to 3 philantropists 4 4phil he successrates 0 599559624617 4phil selected philantropist 2phil proposal for 70 crowns to 2phil spent 65 crowns calculated 1 4phil ted paths to 3 philantropists 4 4phil si calculated a budget to 2phil d the successrates selected phi moved to received 64 crowns from calculated 2 lphil and hs to 2 the successrates 0 793304632087 lphil and ected philantropist for 63 crowns to 2phil answer spent 66 calculated 1 hs to 2 and 1 of 64 crowns from 2phil philantropists 2 lphil 2phil calculated a budget received 63 crowns lphil and
6. 63 crowns sent crowns from 2phil handled 4 Iteration 32 found 2 p 3 2phil competitors calc calculated the successrates 2phil sel 2phil 32 n 29 hilantropists 3phil calculated 1 4phil 4phil 2 1phil calculated paths to 3 philantropists 2phil ed a budge nt 58 crowns hilantropists ulated pat proposal hilantropists ulated pat 1 1phil calculat 0 793304632087 1phil and 1 2phil t proposal of 64 crowns proposal for 64 crowns to 2phil 2phi crowns hr calculated a budget proposal to 2phil received 64 crowns crowns 5 Itera 3 2phil calcula 1phil proposal answer 6 Itera tion 33 found 2 p competitors calc ted the successrates calcula for 65 crowns to spent 66 crowns tion 34 found 3 p and 2 2phil competitors and 3 2phil calculated t hilantropists ulated pat 1 1phil lphil hilantropists Calcula 1 2phil selected philant 67 crowns moved to 2phil 67 crowns from 2phil hand 7 Iteration 35 found 3 p and 3 2phil competitors he succ ropist sent led answer 2phil calculated 0 hs to 2 and 1 ted a budget proposal of 65 crowns received 65 calcula ted paths to 3 philantropists 2 4phil ssrates 1 4phil calculated a budget proposal of proposal for 67 crowns to 2phil hilantropists and 1 1lphil calculated t 1 2phil selected philant 67 crowns
7. 92 ts crowns to handled answer spent 91 crowns calculated 2 4phil 1 1phil ths to 3 philantropists 4 4phil lphil t selected philant sent proposal for from 2phil handled answer spen eration 51 found 3 philantropis 2phil competitors calculated pa lphil calculated the successrat ropist 2phil ts s 1 4phil 1 lphil and calculated a budget 95 crowns to 2phil received 95 t 92 crowns calculated 1 4phil 1 1phil ths to 3 philantropists 4 4phil s 0 723605180976 4phil and 0 959465366254 2phil 97 crowns from 2phil 86 received 86 crowns to spend 100 and got selected philantropist sent proposal for 97 crowns to 2phil calcu handled answer died because I went bankrupt at 51 iteration Report on 3phil 1 3phil was born at iteration 0 2 Iteration 1 Replenished budget New budget 40 received proposal for 25 crowns from 10 received proposal for 25 crowns from 11 received pro posal for 26 crowns from 15 3phil has succesrate 0 total of received ap plications was 77 reviewed 2 applications and cut down with 0 295347844001 sent 25 crowns to 10 sent 7 crowns to 15 sent 7 crowns to 11 3 Iteration 2 Replenished budget New budget 42 received proposal for 27 crowns from 20 3phil has succesrate 0 513191798001 total of received applications was 27 granted all applications s
8. in the beggar states The distance defaults to 4 but can be changed in the parameter window Since the standard error needs 30 observations to make sense it is only calculated after 30 observations The standard error is calculated as follows Pe Aver y SsE 2 vn Where n is the number of observations Y is an observed value and average is the mean of all observed values at the time of calculation standardError if numOfObservations 0 and numOfObservations 1 result 0 for i in the intervals for v in the interval s measurements add the square of measurement s difference from the average to the result take the square root of the result divide this by the square root of the number of observations return the result else return None Each time a value is recorded the standard error and the distance of the value to the mean in terms of standard errors are calculated If the distance is larger than the setpoint the sys tem beeps writes a message to the console and registers a catastrophe Running the algo rithm with a normal distribution gives from 0 to 3 4 of catastrophes per 400 observations Running it with grant differences gives a lot more Catastrophe in Grant differences Value 11 8237450858 average 0 0358989656981 standard Error 1 77679220774 distance 6 63434140965 number of observations 43 Catastrophe in Grant differences Value 23 8390114703 average 0 448911543609 standar
9. it probably contains errors 1 1 Revisions The following revisions were agreed on a seminar May 15 16 2008 1 We must be able to save a particular parameter setting on a file and read it into the system again since it is inconvenient to reset parameters for each session Section 5 3 2 The beggar s distance to a philanthropists should be measured from the beggar s cur rent philanthropist not from his own position The purpose is to make the spatial metaphor more consistent 3 It must be possible to cancel collection of the individual statistics in order to avoid excessive memory loads with long simulations The trend curves must be excepted since we need the current average beggar budget when we generate new beggars Section 5 1 4 There should be no catastrophe detection in the beggar life span statistics It is time consuming and is not used for anything 5 We introduce a new trend diagram numOfCatas that shows the number of beggars experiencing catastrophes Section 5 5 6 Log log plots should use the absolute values Not implemented yet 7 Beggar states should be saved as decimal numbers since reducing small numbers to zero will exclude them from being treated in the statistics package Principle use in tegers for humans but decimals for machines 8 Beggar states should contain the following information beggarname iteration budget grant distance arrivals to the current philanthropist departures from the curre
10. sent w budg 47 received proposal for te 1 total of received applications 32 crowns to 32 a Replenished budget 3phil has suc L application nis ted al w budget 49 cesrate 1 s sent 34 received proposal total of received applica crowns to 32 Repl hed budget New budget 51 received proposal for 33 crowns from 32 3p hil has succesrate 1 tions was 33 12 for 33 crowns succesrate 1 Iteration 11 granted all applications Replenished budget from 32 total of received applica sent 33 New budget reviewed 1 app total of received applica crowns to 32 53 received proposal for 47 crowns from 38 tions was 81 received proposal 3phil has lica tions crowns to 133 14 tions and cut down with 0 5614542334 crowns to 40 15 Iteration 14 Replenished budget for 37 crowns from 32 3phil has suc ceived applications was 37 granted a 16 Iteration 15 Replenished budget for 37 crowns from 32 3phil has suc tions was 37 granted all application 17 Iteration 16 Replenished budget for 38 crowns from 32 3phil has suc tions was 38 granted all application 18 Iteration 17 Replenished budget for 38 crowns from 32 received propo proposal for 37 crowns from 49 recei 3phil has succesrate 1 total of rec applications and cut down with 0 165 38 crowns to 50 sent 6 crowns to 48 49 19 Iteration 18 Replenished budget
11. 1 estopCommand HinitiateParameterExploration quitCommand get checkValue UML representation of the parameter space model With a large parameter space it is a good idea to switch off the statistics check boxes in the control window Beggars and philantropists 23 The parameter exploration part can be diagrammed as shown above A parameter space contains zero or more parameter settings each containing the parameter name the parame ter object and the parameter values The parameter objects are systematically set all the val ues and all combinations of values are simulated The system simply does automatically what you can do yourself manually in the parameter window The combination of values is handled by the method setParam and the run method takes care of the actual running of the simulation 7 Files Three main types of files can be saved to disc by means of the buttons Save exceldata Save Beggars and Save Report Data 7 1 Save exceldata The button produces 4 comma delimited files 1 Statistics 7 columns with values collected after each iteration SumPhilBud sum of budgets of philanthropists SumBegBud sum of beggars budgets SumBegGra sum of beg gars grants NumOfBeg number of beggars after the iteration has finished NumMovBeg number of moving beggars during the iteration NumCollBeg number of collapsing beggars during the iteration NumRevBeg number of reviewed beggars during the iteration num
12. Beggars and philanthropists B7 User manual PETER B GH ANDERSEN DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION AND MEDIA STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF AARHUS 6 27 2008 2 Table of contents Ta iaa 2 1 TICO UCA A dota ha 3 VELO REVISION A A A A T E E 3 2 Basic behavior A aldose titan Stat 4 Zi BO Sr AAA 4 2 2 POLA OOO DIST cenn ran aina E E 6 Qed E aE 1 AOE ANP TE E O A A T AA 7 3 Collection Of StatiStiCS esia aeta e e a ae Dra Deoa nEeD AEPS r Re nAi EAE ONREG VREA 8 Sid Histograms A E A A a AA EE 8 3 2 Catastrophe sitiada tn a 10 A Prend TA 11 4 Collection of Statisti S iii aaeeea aE a a ATESTE EE AiAi 12 5 WAM OWS PAETE EIEN ON 12 IT COMO WIDE oad eta ds 12 A RT fleets 14 5 3 Parameters ieiunia aieas cd a an E ras ES aE aa a SSE ee Paate E as AEE oeo aaae aA 15 5 4 ESCOLTAS oseni A ie 17 A a A A RR RAIN 18 6 Parameter space exploratiON ooonoconocinocinonnnonnconncnnnconnconncnnnnnonccnn nro non canon non rrn anni nnri nes 21 7 Pd A A A A A A OS 23 ES EOS CO EA IN 23 T2 DINO A A A s 25 T3 Save Reportdala iia nal 26 8 Mod A A eee eae tt 6 Beggars and philantropists 3 1 Introduction This manual describes a simulator tailored to investigate the budgeting model described in Prange amp Serritslew 2005 Prange 2006 It requires the Python interpreter plus its standard modules It was developed in Python 2 4 4 under Windows 2000 and XP 2002 The system is run by clicking the view module The system is a beta version which means that
13. KKK Iteration 64 found 2 philantropists calculated 3 102phil and 2 101lphil competitors calculated paths to 2 philantropists 3 102phil and 4 101phil calculated the successrates 1 102phil and 1 101phi1 selected philantropist 102phil calculated a budget proposal of 30 crowns moved from Nothing to 102phil sent proposal for 30 crowns to 102phil received 30 crowns from 102phil handled answer spent 28 crowns KKKKKKKKKKKKK Iteration 65 found 2 philantropists calculated 2 102phil and 2 101lphil competitors calculated paths to 2 philantropists 0 102phil and 1 101phil calculated the successrates 0 879512224347 102phil and 1 101phil selected philantropist 102phil calculated a budget proposal of 30 crowns sent proposal for 30 crowns to 102phil received 30 crowns from 102phil handled answer spent 28 crowns KKKKKKKKKKKKK Iteration 100 found 2 philantropists calculated 5 102phil and 1 101phi1 competitors calculated paths to 2 philantropists 0 102phil and 1 101phil calculated the successrates 1 102phil and 1 101phi1 selected philantropist 102phil calculated a budget proposal of 38 crowns sent proposal for 38 crowns to 102phil received 38 crowns from 102phil handled answer spent 37 crowns moved from 102phil to 102phil The birds eye shows the correct position of the philanthropists It does not show the real position of the beggars Instead be
14. Of Catas the number of catastrophes Example SumPhilBud SumBegBud SumBegGra NumOfBeg NumMovBeg NumColl Beg NumRevBeg numOfCatas 2857 4719 219 13 Ty Lily 2 0 284 278 269 13 283 275 270 14 217 276 269 13 278 276 269 13 211p 2827 258 13 2135 26 Ly 259 13 26 95 2595 LOT L37 211 262 2577 133 272 261 254 13 268 260 256 13 266 260 253 13 266 262 256 13 269 260 256 13 267 261 254 13 271 262 256 13 278 264 262 13 283 2637 2635 T3 oO OOGO OCOGOOGOGGOGOO O OROAR en 000000000000 rrror AUN A A A A A A A A A A A A A ORPNNNNFRFEFENNONNNE AOS OA OA A A A A A A A SA A A A o O0oo0O0O0Oo0O0Oo0O0OoO0Oo0Oo0oOo0oOoOoOoOo 2 Lifespan two columns value and number They indicate how many beggars number lived how long value The value represents lifespans ranging from value to but not includ ing value step where step is the size of the interval Here it is 2 Example value number aAanNRENO A os osos OO AA 6 27 2008 24 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 000000000000 roo0ooo 3 Grant Differences two columns value and number They indicate how many beggars number experiences a certain grant difference from the previous iteration value The value denote all grant differences from value to but not including value step where step is the size of the
15. and show the exact value recorded in the iteration clicked If one wants to do a more detailed study of an interesting part of the curve click the part of the curve and click the See details button Then a textual window describing the iteration pops up i iM ra ieit N ie wae 8 EA Mp 2 Hi Hi A A UA mm Detailed text windows The text window has buttons for moving to the previous and next iteration In this way an interesting part of the curve may be studied in details Note that much of the statistics are collected after an iteration has finished It is the end result Thus at decrease of beggars is Beggars and philantropists 21 recorded in the iteration in which it occurs If one is interested in the reason for beggar col lapse it is the low part of the curve that must be clicked 6 Parameter space exploration The system supports parameter space exploration The idea is that you want to investigate what a particular set of parameters means for the system s behavior What happens if we vary the number of beggars between 24 30 and 35 and the beggars range of vision be tween 4 and 6 Will the stability properties of the system change Will we get a leptokurtic distribution for all combinations This part of the system is focused on producing a large file of comma delimited beggar states Section 7 2 that can be input to a statistical package If you press the Exp
16. bbrev 0 whil for all If tt put i bbrev bbrev lt xcess applications happens to be reviewed t on the review list the amount of the application reduc all successra l reviewed budgets by newBudget bbadj bbrev bbrev te bbadj the sum of the grants The algorithm squeezes the reviewed applications into the budget part philanthropist budget sum of reviewed budgets 2 3 Simulations One iteration of a simulation is executed as follows Generate new s For all philan tatistics objects thropists Replenish budget For all beggars make applications For all philan thropists handle applications For all beggars handle answers Remove bankrup beggars Update statistics Add new beggars The number o newBeggars f new beggars at the end of a simulation is calculated as follows sum of philanthropists budgets sum of surviving beggars budgets average beggar budget Where 6 27 2008 8 average beggar budget sum of beggar budgets the number of beggars in the beginning of the simulation 3 Collection of statistics The simulation collects two types of statistics histograms and trend curves 3 1 Histograms Histograms record the number of occurrences of measurements within an interval The following data are collected in a simulation e beggarLifeSpan x axis intervals of life span y axis number of beggars with the life s
17. cinity of 3 of the philanthropist if there is one record the philanthropist as a funding opportunity There is thus a small chance that every position around a philanthropist is occupied The philanthropist is therefore not eligible A funding opportunity consists of a philanthropist his success rate competitors around the philanthropist the length of the path to him and the vacant location The competitors are calculated as follows calculateCompetitors for all opportunities for all beggars in the vicinity of 3 of the philanthropist except me if the beggar has not chosen a philanthropist or the beggars philanthropist the philanthropist add the beggar to the competitorlist store the sum of th xpected budgets of competitors The reason why we do not consider beggars that have chosen another philanthropist than the one we are looking at is that such beggars are not likely to change philanthropist This situation can occur if two philanthropists A and B are very close B s beggars may be in the vicinity of A but will probably stick to B 6 27 2008 6 The path is calculated as the distance to the philanthropist However the distance to the philanthropist from the previous round is set to 0 The distance to a new philanthropist is a cost that can result in reduced grants but the distance to the old philanthropist does not in cur costs If the beggar has already an old philanthropist the distance is measured from him oth
18. crowns from 2phil handled answer spent 68 crowns 12 Iteration 40 found 3 philantropists calculated 1 4phil 1 1lphil and 4 2phil competitors calculated paths to 3 philantropists 4 4phil and 1 lphil calculated the successrates 1 4phil 1 lphil and 1 2phil selected philantropist 2phil calculated a budget proposal of 75 crowns sent proposal for 75 crowns to 2phil received 75 crowns from 2phil handled answer spent 74 crowns 13 Iteration 41 found 3 philantropists calculated 1 4phil 1 lphil and 4 2phil competitors calculated paths to 3 philantropists 4 4phil and 1 1lphil calculated the successrates 1 4phil 1 lphil and 1 2phil selected philantropist 2phil calculated a budget proposal of 79 crowns sent proposal for 79 crowns to 2phil received 79 crowns from 2phil handled answer spent 73 crowns 14 Iteration 42 found 3 philantropists calculated 1 4phil 2 1lphil and 4 2phil competitors calculated paths to 3 philantropists 4 4phil and 1 1lphil calculated the successrates 1 4phil 1 lphil and 1 2phil selected philantropist 2phil calculated a budget proposal of 78 crowns sent proposal for 78 crowns to 2phil received 78 crowns from 2phil handled answer spent 76 crowns 15 Iteration 43 found 3 philantropists calculated 1 4phil 1 lphil and 4 2phil competitors calculated paths to 3 philantropists 4 4phil and 1 1lphil calculated the successrates 1 4phil
19. crowns from 4phil handled answer spent 33 crowns 19s life Iteration 10 found 4 philantropists calculated 1 4phil 1 3phil 1 lphil and 3 2phil competitors calculated paths to 4 philantropists 6 4phil 13 3phil and 3 1lphil calculated the successrates 1 4phil 3phil 1 1lphil and 1 2phil selected philantropist 2phil calcu lated a budget proposal of 34 crowns sent proposal for 34 crowns to 2phil received 34 crowns from 2phil handled answer spent 34 crowns 20s life Iteration 10 found 4 philantropists calculated 1 4phil 1 3phil 1 lphil and 3 2phil competitors calculated paths to 4 philantropists 4 4phil 13 3phil and 2 1phil calculated the successrates 1 4phil 3phil 1 1lphil and 1 2phil selected philantropist 2phil calcu ated a budget proposal of 28 crowns sent proposal for 28 crowns to 2phil received 28 crowns from 2phil handled answer spent 29 crowns 30s life Iteration 10 found 3 philantropists calculated 1 4phil 1 lphil and 3 2phil competitors calculated paths to 3 philantropists 2 4phil and 3 2phil calculated the successrates 1 4phil 1 lphil and 1 2phil selected philantropist 2phil calculated a budget proposal of 43 crowns moved to 2phil sent proposal for 43 crowns to 2phil received 43 crowns from 2phil handled answer spent 44 crowns 32s life Iteration 10 found 1 philantr
20. d Error 2 84925101702 distance 8 20920999485 number of observations 66 Catastrophe in Grant differences Value 18 8759282103 average 0 700159760307 standard Error 3 99544304585 distance 4 54912465061 number of observations 152 Catastrophe in Grant differences Value 17 0615345915 average 0 685296104611 standard Error 4 02921820396 distance 4 06437121494 number of observations 175 Catastrophe in Grant differences Value 24 1064031003 average 0 724121667706 standard Error 4 12579783802 distance 5 66733571314 number of observations 191 The catastrophe detector is only active for grantDifferences 3 parameters can be set for the catastrophe alarm Beggars and philantropists 11 Catastrophe_Alarm False Alarm _ Sound False Alarm _set_point 4 Parameters for the catastrophe alarm Catastrophe Alarm switches the alarm on and off Write False or True in the text field Alarm Sound switches the sound on and off Write False or True in the text field The Alarm Set Point changes the limit for catastrophes Write an integer in the field In all cases end with a return 3 3 Trend curves Trend curves measure a number of properties for each iteration and stores them with the iteration number The properties are SumPhilBud The sum of philanthropists budgets in an iteration SumBegBud The sum of beggars budgets in an iteration SumBegGra The sum of beggars
21. dget New budget 138 received proposal for 34 crowns from 19 received proposal for 28 crowns from 20 received pro posal for 43 crowns from 30 received proposal for 31 crowns from 35 re ceived proposal for 33 crowns from 37 2phil has succesrate 1 total of received applications was 170 reviewed 2 applications and cut down with 0 510214526897 sent 34 crowns to 19 sent 28 crowns to 20 sent 43 crowns to 30 sent 15 crowns to 35 sent 16 crowns to 37 3phils life Iteration 10 Replenished budget New budget 51 received proposal for 33 crowns from 32 3phil has succesrate 1 total of received applications was 33 granted all applications sent 33 crowns to 32 4phils life Iteration 10 Replenished budget New budget 44 received proposal for 34 crowns from 12 4phil has succesrate 1 total of received applications was 34 granted all applications sent 34 crowns to 12 The causes of death was 1 died because of empty inbox 2 died because of insufficent grant After round 10 4 philantropists 5 beggars 1 2 1phil 195 207 30 1 new beggars generated 5 The individual lives Report on 75 1 75 was born at iteratio 2 Iteration 30 found 3 p and 3 2phil competitors 2 4phil 1 1phil and 3 0 578763750486 4phil lantropist 2phil calculat 2phil sent 2phil handled answer sp 3 Iteration 31 found 2 p 3 2phil competitors calc calculated 0 968585636584 proposal of
22. eived proposal sal for 36 crowns from 50 received l has succesrate 0 543379475673 total iewed 2 applications and cut down o 32 sent 9 crowns to 50 sent 13 New budget 61 received proposal cesrate 0 470981001056 total of re 11 applications sent 37 crowns to 32 21 Iteration 20 Replenished budget New budget 61 received proposal for 41 crowns from 32 3phil has succesrate 1 total of received applica tions was 41 granted all applications sent 41 crowns to 32 22 Iteration 21 Replenished budget New budget 60 received proposal for 43 crowns from 32 3phil has succesrate 1 total of received applica tions was 43 granted all applications sent 43 crowns to 32 23 Iteration 22 Replenished budget New budget 62 received proposal for 43 crowns from 32 received proposal for 52 crowns from 61 3phil has succesrate 1 total of received applications was 96 reviewed 1 applica tions and cut down with 0 213980825665 sent 52 crowns to 61 sent 9 crowns to 32 24 Iteration 23 Replenished budget New budget 64 received no appli cations 25 Iteration 24 Replenished budget New budget 65 received proposal for 52 crowns from 19 received proposal for 45 crowns from 65 3phil has succesrate 0 638281218745 total of received applications was 98 reviewed 1 applications and cut down with 0 362890094534 sent 45 crowns to 65 sent 19 crowns to 19 8 Modules There are 10 modules or
23. ent 27 crowns to 20 4 Iteration 3 Replenished budget New budget 44 received proposal for 26 crowns from 24 3phil has succesrate 1 total of received applications was 26 granted all applications sent 26 crowns to 24 5 Iteration 4 Replenished budget New budget 43 received proposal for 26 crowns from 26 3phil has succesrate 1 total of received applications was 26 granted all applications sent 26 crowns to 26 6 Iteration 5 Replenished budget New budget 44 received proposal for 28 crowns from 26 received proposal for 27 crowns from 32 3phil has suc cesrate 1 total of received applications was 56 reviewed 1 applications and cut down with terat 1 E 29 crowns applications was 29 8 Itera 32 crowns was 32 9 I 32 crowns was 32 10 Iter for 34 crowns from 32 tions was Lit ion 6 R from 32 tion 7 R from 32 granted all app terat ion 8 R from 32 granted all app ation 9 34 gran Iteration 10 0 57761 plenis 817749 hed budg sent 27 crowns to 32 sent 16 crowns to 26 3phil gran has succesr ted all appl plenished budg New budg 47 received proposal for ate 0 783088474632 total of received ications sent 29 crowns to 32 3phil has succesr lications sen plenished budget New budg 46 received proposal for ate 1 total of received applications t 32 crowns to 32 N 3phil has succesr lications
24. er of beggars y axis applying for a certain philanthropist budget x axis In this case there are as many observations as there are beggars applying for this particular budget The variable numOfObservations in the histograms sums the total number of observa tions The variable sum sums the total number of values observed The average is the sum divided by the number of observations Beggars and philantropists BlockDiagram lower upper step intervals sum numOfObservations statisticsList average length a Statistics iteration SumPhilBud SubBegBud SumBegGrant NumOfBeg NumMovBeg NumCollBeg NumRevBeg intervals measurements Measurement value observations iteration stdErr distance UML class diagram of histograms UML class diagram of trend curves During a simulation the following structure is built Object5 BlockDiagram lower upper step intervals sum numOfObservations average length Object7_ Interval lower upper occurrences measurements Object9 Measurement Data structure built during execution 6 27 2008 10 3 2 Catastrophes It is possible to set a catastrophe alarm for grant differences The catastrophe alarm makes a sound and writes a message to the console if the new value is a certain distance measured in standard errors from the mean The catastrophe is also recorded
25. erwise from the beggar himself calculatePath for all opportunities if the philanthropist is the one selected in the previous round the path is 0 else the path is the distance to the philanthropist The success rate is calculated as the sum of the grants divided by the sum of the applica tions If a philanthropist has not enough money for all applications some of the beggars are re viewed and risk getting cut down The review probability R is calculated as p_Base value 0 25 base risk R baserisk 1 baserisk float dist sqrt 2 n n where n is the dimension of the grid dist is the distance to the philanthropist Sqrt 2 n n is the diagonal of the grid i e the maximal distance The probability is between 0 25 and 1 00 If the distance 0 the probability is 0 25 If the distance is equal to the diagonal the probability is 1 The philanthropist is now selected First the ones with the largest expected payoff are se lected Among these the nearest are selected The selection method is defined as follows let bComp sum of competitors budget bPhil budget of the philanthropist newBudget own new budget and baseRisk p_Base 0 25 Then the algorithm is selectPhilantropist2 if there are funding opportunities for all opportunities if bComp own budget is not greater the philanthropists budget the expected payoff is own budget else expected payoff 1 R newBudget R bPhil 1 baseRisk o bC
26. for 38 crowns from 32 received propo proposal for 54 crowns from 51 3phi of received applications was 129 rev with 0 251326836244 sent 38 crowns t crowns to 51 20 Iteration 19 Replenished budget for 37 crowns from 32 ceived applications was 37 38 Iteration 12 for 32 crowns from 32 ceived applications was 32 Iteration 13 for 35 crowns from 32 succesrate 1 and cut down with 0 403545972249 Replenished budget sent 33 crowns to 32 sent 19 3phil has suc granted a Replenished budget received propo total of received applica New budget 54 received proposal cesrate 0 64748119469 total of re 11 applications sent 32 crowns to 32 New budget 55 received proposal sal for 36 crowns from 40 3phil has tions was 71 reviewed 1 applica 63 sent 35 crowns to 32 sent 20 New budg 56 received proposal cesrate 0 773693574859 total of re 11 applications sent 37 crowns to 32 New budget 57 received proposal cesrate 1 total of received applica s sent 37 crowns to 32 New budget 57 received proposal cesrate 1 total of received applica s sent 38 crowns to 32 New budg 59 received proposal sal for 39 crowns from 48 received ved proposal for 38 crowns from 50 eived applications was 154 reviewed 3 331508363 sent 38 crowns to 32 sent sent 0 crowns to 49 sent 0 crowns to 3phil has suc granted a New budget 61 rec
27. g the simulations Finally there is a menu of windows A window can be opened by clicking at its name in the scroll field Don t open the same window twice Each window displays a statistical meas urement 6 27 2008 14 5 2 Birds eye This window shows an animation of the current iteration Beggars are yellow philanthro pists are green Moving the cursor over an agent reveals his name Clicking an agent opens a window with his current state and a textual history of his life The window can be re moved by clicking the Remove button Birds Eye budget Neighborhood 138 126 102phil 148 137 122 101 phil 115 172 Neiboring ph 102phil 4101 phil Opportunives 4102phd with SR 1 compet 5 and path 0 4101phil wth SR 1 compet 1 and path 141421356237 Selected opportunity 102phil wth SR 1 compet 5 and pat O Selected phil 102phil NewGrant 38 Report on 164 The birds eye view Beggars and philantropists 15 Example of textual history 164 beggar born 63 Vision 4 Old budget 39 Old balance 70 New budget 38 Neighborhood 138 126 102phil 148 137 122 l0lphil 115 172 Neiboring phil 102phil 101phil Opportunities 102phil with SR 1 compet 5 and path 0 101phil with SR 1 compet 1 and path 1 41421356237 Selected opportunity 102phil with SR 1 compet 5 and path 0 Selected phil 102phil NewGrant 38 Report on 164 KKKKKKKKKKKKK 164 was born at iteration 63 KKKKKKKKKK
28. ganized in a layered structure If an arrow leads from A to B A uses B but not conversely This means that all modules can run individually The whole system is run by clicking View ParameterSpace Model Dialogs beggarstateChecker I Documents Parameters UML package diagram The modules of the system 9 References Prange F amp S Serritzlew 2005 A Game of Beggars and Philanthropists A Dynamic Model of Stability and Punctuations in Budgeting vers 3 0 University of Aarhus ProjectComplexity Prange F 2006 On playing non equilibrium games modeling the complex dynamics of games Ecological Complexity 3 2006
29. ggars are moved so close as possible to the philanthropist they have chosen to apply to The reason is that in some cases it is difficult to see which beggar belongs to which philanthropist if we use the correct position There is thus a dis crepancy between the underlying model and the view 5 3 Parameters The parameter window is used to change various parameters Type a new value plus a RETURN into a textbox A parameter setting can be saved Save Parameters and retrieved again Open Param File 6 27 2008 16 Parameters Save Parameter Open Param Fi Size Number_of ars Number_of_Philenthropists Phil_vision g Beggar_vision E heratons h Survival Tresholal Mean_lr _Begg Mean_incr_Begg Deviebon_incr_Begg Mean_Expenditure_Begg Devioton_Expenditure_Begg non toe Pri Devietion_lat_Phil Pa Mean_lncr_Phil Deviaton_incr_Phil Mean_Expenditure_Begg Devieton_Expendture_Begg Stowness o ith s4e lo os Slowness_ol movement_ sec 0 0c Beggar Ptel_rato i Bose_Valuve Conana Catastrophe _Alam False _ _ _ Alarm_Sound Alerm_set_port Quolity_ossurance The parameter window In the table below is listed the name of the parameter its function where it is used Init de notes the constructor method for the classes and its default value Name Function Used in Default size The dimension of grid SimulationSpace init 15 Number of Beggars N
30. hilantropists calculated 1 4phil 2 1lphil and 3 2phil competitors calculated paths to 3 philantropists 4 4phil and 1 1lphil calculated the successrates 1 4phil 1 lphil and 1 2phil selected philantropist 2phil calculated a budget proposal of 87 crowns sent proposal for 87 crowns to 2phil received 87 crowns from 2phil handled answer spent 86 crowns 20 Iteration 48 found 3 philantropists calculated 2 4phil 1 1lphil and 4 2phil competitors calculated paths to 3 philantropists 4 4phil and 1 1lphil calculated the successrates 1 4phil 1 lphil and 0 956571125306 2phil selected philantropist 2phil calculated a budget proposal of 89 crowns sent proposal for 89 crowns to 2phil received 89 crowns from 2phil handled answer spent 89 crowns 21 Iteration 49 found 3 philantropists calculated 2 4phil 2 1lphil and 4 2phil competitors calculated paths to 3 philantropists 4 4phil and 1 lphil calculated the successrates 0 708694164405 4phil 1 lphil and 0 956550997146 2phil selected philantropist 2phil calcu lated a budget proposal of 92 crowns 2phil 223 07 and 4 and 1 0 779362069208 2phil proposal of 95 crowns crowns Lore E and 4 and 1 1 1phil lated a budget proposal of 2phil needed teration 50 se received 43 crowns from 2phil found 3 philantropis competitors calculated pa calculated the successrat 2phil nt proposal for
31. igmalncrBegg 0 001 An expenditure is generated based on the old budget expenditure oldbudget gauss p_muExpenBegg p_sigmaExpenBegg with defaults p_muExpenBegg 0 95 p_sigmaExpenBegg 0 002 Beggars and philantropists 5 e A new balance is calculated based on the old balance the grant and the expendi ture newbalance oldbalance grant expenditure If the balance is positive the beggar survives and the budget proposal and the new balance becomes the old budget and old balance respectively However before he can get a grant he must find a philanthropist First the beggar looks around in the vicinity he can see and collects a list of funding op portunities The vicinity is determined by the beggar s view which is set to 4 as default He can see 4 positions away from himself Prange amp Serritslew 2005 says that with a vision of 4 the beggar can see the 8 8 64 surrounding squares However in the implementa tion agents are positioned at grid corners so the beggar with a vision of 4 can inspect 9 9 81 positions if we exclude himself it is 80 The rectangle defining the view of the beggar in the middle if his vision 4 The algorithm is findPhilantropists determine the neighborhood you can see find the philanthropists in this neighborhood if there are any for all philanthropists in the neighborhood get the closest empty position in the vi
32. interval Here it is 2 Example value number N al VO VOOGT ORFO GOGO OGOGO 3 24 5 14 4 Applicant two columns value and number The value represents philanthropist budg ets ranging from value to but not including value step where step is the size of the inter val Number is number of beggars that have applied to a philanthropist with a budget in that interval value number 20 0 30 20 40 152 50 295 60 32 70 60 80 156 90 396 100 145 110 115 120 10 Beggars and philantropists 25 7 2 Save beggars The button produces 1 comma delimited file containing beggar states 1 beggarname name of a beggar 2 iteration iteration number 3 budget the beggar s budget in that iteration 4 grant the beggars grant in that iteration 5 distance the distance to the chosen philanthropist 6 arrivals the number of beggars that have moved to the chosen philanthropist includ ing the beggar himself 7 departures the number of beggars that have moved from the chosen philanthropist including the beggar himself 8 selfMoved 1 the beggar has moved O he has not 9 selfReviewed the beggar was reviewed 0 he was not 10 appReviewed the number of applicants reviewed by the chosen philanthropist 11 numOfComp the number of competitors seen by the beggar 12 catastrophe 1 the beggar experienced a catastrophe O he did not 13 CoApplicants the actual number applicants to the chosen philanthropis
33. it was reduced to equal the y origo during the graphical scaling operations A negative bar thus means a small number of occurrences However histo grams can be clicked and the values field shows the exact number of occurrences in the in terval clicked The x values of the bars are the lower bounds of the interval represented by the bar His tograms only display x values with a non zero y value 5 5 Trend curves There are 8 trend curves Beggars and philantropists 19 SumPhilBud The sum of philanthropists budgets per iteration SumBegBud The sum of beggars budgets per iteration SumBegGra The sum of beggars grants per iteration NumOfBeg The number of surviving beggars after an iteration NumMovBeg The number of moving beggars per iteration NumCollBeg The number of collapsing beggars per iteration NumRevBeg The number of reviewed beggars per iteration numOfCatas The number of catastrophes per iteration cf section 3 2 Works only if the catastrophe alarm is set to True Number of beggars All trend curves have the iteration number on the x axis and thus represent a development in time It is possible to save the diagram as a postscript file but it does not work on my machine 6 27 2008 20 It is possible to convert the diagram to a log log plot provided that it only contains posi tive values The four boxes display the minimum and maximum x and y value with all decimals The trend curves can be clicked
34. lore param button in the control window section 5 1 the follow ing window appears Explore parameter space as E ox Choose parameter Moan_Expenditme_Gegg Mean_Incr_Begg Mean_Incr_Phil Open space Mean_Init_Begg Mean_Init_Phil Mumbor_ot_Philanthropists Survival Threshold Num of iterations S00 l size Molused Param 1 Param 2 Param 3 Param 4 Beggar_vision Not used Notused 46 nitate exploration The window for editing parameter space exploration The four text widgets called Param1 Param4 can be clicked and brought into focus see the red border above If the listbox Choose parameter is double clicked the parame ter name is entered into the focused textbox do not write in the textbox yourself you risk making spelling errors The user can then enter up to four comma separated values which the parameter should take on into the textbox below the focused textbox For example in the figure the user wants to explore a beggar vision of 4 and 6 combined with a beggar number of 24 30 and 35 The number of iterations can also be changed in the Num of iterations box Type the number followed by a RETURN The output of the parameter exploration is a comma separated file containing beggar states for all the generated simulations Each simulation is identified by a unique number When the user has finished preparing the exploration of the parameter space the button Initia
35. nt philanthropist selfMoved did the beggar move selfReviewed was the beggar reviewed appReviewed the number beggars reviewed by the current phi lanthropist numOfComp the number of competitors the beggar could see catas trophe did his grant suffer a catastrophe coApplicants the actual number of co applicants to the current philanthropist deaths the number of beggars going bank rupt at the current philanthropist simulationNo When we run a parameter explora tion the values for the chosen parameters should be appended Section 7 2 9 Add a window where a space of parameters can be explored Simulations are run for each combination of parameter values The parameters are picked from a listbox The parameter space can itself be saved and used again It is possible to specify 4 pa rameter values in 4 parameters If we use all 16 possibilities the system will gener 6 27 2008 4 10 11 ate the following amount of numbers 16 x iteration number x number of agents If iteration number 800 and number of agents 30 it will generate 384 000 beggar states All combination scatter diagrams should be removed The following parameters should be removed from the parameter window y dimension Beggar Phil ratio Phil vision Survival Threshold selectPhil2 2 Basic behavior The model consists of a grid on which a number of agents are placed A position can only contain one agent There are two kinds of agents philanthro
36. omp newBudget baseRisk bComp newBudget calculate the largest expected payoff of all opportunities find all opportunities wher xpected payoff the largest on among these choose the nearest one as the selected opportunity else record that no opportunity was selected 2 2 Philanthropists The behavior of the philanthropists is as follows philanthropists start with a budget deter mined by gauss p_muInitPhil p_sigmaInitPhil Defaults p_mulnitPhil 80 p_sigmalnitPhil 20 The new budget of the philanthropist is calculated from the old one Replenish budget Newbudget oldbudget gauss float oldbudget p_mulncrPhil p_sigmalncrPhil Beggars and philantropists with the defaults p_mulncrPhil 0 001 and p_sigmalncrPhil 0 02 Applications are handled and grants are sent Handle applications if you received applications calculate grants send grants The grants is calculated in the following way We assume that Budgetlist the list of applications Bbrev the sum of the budgets of the reviewed beggars Bbadj the sum of the budgets of all applicants Excess bbadj philanthropist s new budget The sum applied for which ex ceeds the philanthropist s budget Then we do the following calculateGrantList if no applications were received the grant list is empty else bbadj he sum of beggar budgets if bbadj lt own budget the grant list the budget list successrate else t 1
37. on after the current iteration The Suspend button suspends it after the current iteration the simulation can be resumed by pressing the Resume button The program is terminated by pressing Quit Note that a simulation can only be suspended and terminated between iterations The button Explore Param opens a window for exploration of a parameter space see Section 6 Beggars and philantropists 13 Controls The control window The button Open Param File enables the user to use a parameter setting he has previ ously saved to file from the parameter window There are three buttons for saving data to file e Save exceldata saves 4 comma delimited files Trend curves stores the trend curves Lifespan a histogram of the beggars lifespan Grant Differences a histo gram of grant differences Applicants the number of beggars applying for a given philanthropist budget e Save Beggars saves 1 comma delimited file BeggarStates It records the budget grant and the distances from the mean measured in standard errors for a beggar in an iteration e Save Reportdata saves a detailed verbal report Report of the simulation The five check boxes make it possible to switch off collection of statistics Section 3 Grant differences histogram of grant differences Beggar life histogram of life durations Applicants histogram of the number of applicants to philanthropists Reports a textual narrative of events occurring durin
38. opists calculated 1 3phil competitors calculated paths to 1 philantropists calculated the successrates 1 3phil selected philantropist 3phil calculated a budget proposal of 33 crowns sent proposal for 33 crowns to 3phil received 33 crowns from 3phil handled answer spent 31 crowns 35s life Iteration 10 found 2 philantropists calculated 1 lphil and 4 2phil competitors calculated paths to 2 philantropists 2 lphil calculated the successrates 1 lphil and 1 2phil selected philantropist 2phil calculated a budget proposal of 31 crowns sent proposal for 31 crowns to 2phil received 15 crowns from 2phil handled answer died because I needed to spend 32 and got 15 went bankrupt at 10 iteration 36s life Iteration 10 found 0 philantropists handled answer went bankrupt at 10 iteration died because of empty inbox 37s life Iteration 10 found 1 philantropists calculated 4 2phil competitors calculated paths to 1 philantropists 5 2phil calculated the success rates 1 2phil selected philantropist 2phil calculated a budget pro posal of 33 crowns moved to 2phil sent proposal for 33 crowns to 2phil received 16 crowns from 2phil handled answer died because I needed to spend 29 and got 16 went bankrupt at 10 iteration lphils life Iteration 10 Replenished budget New budget 53 received no applica tions 2phils life Iteration 10 Replenished bu
39. pan e grantDifferences x axis intervals of grant differences new grant old grant y axis number of occurrences of the grant difference e Applicants x axis intervals of philanthropist budgets y axis number of beg gars applying to a philanthropist with the budget There is a parameter Collect stat from that can be set and default is 5 It hinders collection of histogram statistics in the first iterations whose number is less than its value The reason is that the initial rounds may be atypical Histograms contain a list of intervals defined by a lower and upper bound Measure ments equal to or higher than the lower bound but lower than the upper bound 1 are re corded in the interval The histogram is initialized with a set of intervals If measurements outside the intervals are encountered new intervals are added dynamically The histogram keeps track of the current list of intervals via the variables lower and up per Lower is equal to the lower bound of the lowest interval and upper is equal to the lower bound of the highest interval When a new value is encountered it is recorded by adding a new Measurement to the In terval A measurement contains the value recorded the number of observations of this value the standard error at the time of recording and the distance to the mean measured in standard errors In most of the cases there is only one observation of the value However the window applicants shows the numb
40. philantropists 2 lphil 2phil selected philantropist sent proposal for 64 handled answer spent 61 lphil and philantropists 2 lphil 2phil selected philantropist moved to lphil sent crowns from lphil handled ted 1 4phil 1 1lphil 1 1phil and received 67 crowns ted 1 4phil 1 1lphil 1 1lphil and ted a budget proposal of received 67 crowns from ted 1 4phil 1 1lphil calculated a budget received 70 1 1phil 1 hil and proposal of crowns from 4phil lp received 71 calculated 2 4phil 1 1phil calculated paths to 3 philantropists 4 4phil he successrat 1 2phil selected philant 73 crowns sent proposal fo 2phil handled answer sp 11 Iteration 39 found 3 and 3 2phil competitors ropist 2phi r 73 crowns nt 73 crowns philantropis r ts s 1 calculated a budget to 2phil 1 hil and proposal of crowns from 4phil lp received 73 calculated 1 4phil 2 1phil calculated paths to 3 philantropists 4 4phil and 1 1lphil calculated the successrates 0 655929347526 4phil l 1lphil and 1 2phil selected philantropist 2phil calculated a budget proposal of 75 crowns sent proposal for 75 crowns to 2phil received 75
41. pists have money they can spend on grants to beggars The positions and distances of the grid represent professional or social ties The longer the distance between a beggar and a philanthropist is the looser the ties are 2 1 Beggars The behavior of beggars is as follows MakeApplication find philanthropists in the vicinity you can see if there are philanthropists calculate your competitors calculate the distance to the philanthropist calculate the successrate of the philanthropist select the most promising philanthropist if there is one if the selected one is not the same you used before move to him calculate a budget proposal send the proposal to the selected philanthropist HandleAnswer if you did not received a grant go bankrupt else if you can survive with the grant received spend the money else go bankrupt Beggars are initialized as follows the budget of a newborn beggar is calculated as a Gaus sian function of the mean beggar budget from the previous iteration and a variance which is 1 3 of the mean In iteration 0 the mean is set to Mean Init Begg which defaults to 19 The balance is set to survivalThreshold initialBudget where survivalThreshold 0 05 Each time a beggar has received a grant the following happens A new budget proposal is generated based on the old one budgetProposal old budget gauss oldbudget p_muIncrBegg p_sigmaIncrBegg with defaults p_mulncrBegg 0 02 p_s
42. rrivals gt 0 selfReviewed 1 Grant lt budget selfMoved 0 CoApplicants CoApplicants _ tures deaths arrivals depar E castrophe 1 grant lt grant or grant gt grant appReviewed 0 selfReviewed 0 If the parameter Quality_assurance in the parameter window is set to true the system will check that the data conforms to these restrictions Quality_assurance is set to false by de fault We can use these numbers to define interesting situations 6 27 2008 26 e numOfComp lt gt CoApplicants this is a situation where the beggar s estimation of the situation does not agree with the factual situation numOfComp gt CoApplicants a number of perceived competitors have fled after the beggar made his decision numOfComp lt CoApplicants a number of new competitors have arrived after the beggar made his decision 7 3 Save Reportdata The button saves 1 textual file Report Contains a detailed textual description of the simulation There are the following sections 1 parameter settings Parameters were set as follows Beggars and Philantropists ver Deviation_Incr_Begg 0 02 sion beta 7 Time 29 5 2008 ean_Expenditure_Begg 0 95 16 28 Deviation_Expenditure_Begg 0 02 ean_Init_Phil 80 Deviation_Init_Phil 20 ean_Incr_Phil 0 001 Parameters were set as follows Deviation_Incr_Phil 0 02 ean_Expenditure_Begg 0 95 Deviation_E
43. t 14 deaths the number of coapplicants that went bankrupt 15 simulationNo the simulation id Example beggarname iteration budget grant distance arrivals de partures selfMoved selfReviewed appReviewed numOfComp catas trophe coApplicants deaths simulationNo 5 1 24 2482820501 24 2482820501 2 5 O 1 O 1341906558 25 1341906558 0 O 24 1381693649 24 1381693649 24 8238170611 24 8238170611 24 4457486073 23 4094309164 p 23 4123216612 23 4123216612 N al 24 1959759357 23 9804987022 ooooooon PRORRPRFOR FPROODOOWr ys yyy yy AOS sos gt os 00000000 PPAAHR AHO Dob iB BB Oy eS gt 5 gt o0o0ooo0oo0o Oo0Oo0O0Oo0Oo0oOoO o0o00o0o0oo0o0o al SN ee aD WWW WU ADA o0o0o0oo0ooo0oor DODOONsS gt 5 9 5 3 2 lt NNNNNNDN NY 23 6113948208 23 3068218144 0 23 799136745 23 799136745 0 O 10 23 1118950195 23 1118950195 O 11 23 1356947129 23 1356947129 0 12 22 5945385503 22 5945385503 0 13 23 8205839219 23 8205839219 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 14 22 7038653015 22 7038653015 3 AUAA AU U AUN A OA A OA SA A SS A Sos 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sos 5 gt AO 5 so A 93 3 gt A Os 5 so Ss 5 gt AS 5 5 gt A Os 5 gt Ss ss NNNNN Beggar state files must conform to the following restrictions If Then selfMoved 1 Distance gt 0 and a
44. te exploration is clicked Then the Progress Bar appears 6 27 2008 22 Progress bar Current iteration 2000 Total iterations 12000 Fig xxx Progress bar for running of the parameter exploration The Progress Bar calculates an estimate of the total number of iterations The number of iterations is calculated as follows The number of parameters X the number of values of each parameter X the number of iterations of each simulation If 1000 iterations per simulation are selected and all 4 parameters are used with 4 values then the estimation will amount to 4 x 4 x 1000 16 000 iterations in total If each iteration contains 24 beggars in average there will be 16 000 x 24 380 000 measurements of beg gars in total The file may grow quite large Therefore it is possible to Quit the parameter exploration if the data magnitude is too large The parameter exploration can also be stopped In this case the current data are still kept on the file ParameterSpace dataFile Simulation currentlteration start stop makeProgressBar addParam exploreParrameterSpace Toplevel File ZX Parameter ParameterSpaceWindow a ProgressBar ParamSetting nae LE ps 1 Hterations paramName value saveCommand EparamSpace paramObj errorMessage topenCommand EstartCommand paramvalues put makeParameterSetting
45. umber of beggars at start SimulationSpace init 24 Number of Philanthropists Number of philanthropists at SimulationSpace init 4 start Phil vision The vision of philanthropists SimulationSpace init 4 Beggar vision The vision of beggars SimulationSpace init 4 Beggars and philantropists 17 Iterations The number of iterations run SimulationSpace init 100 when using the run mode Slowness of birth sec Controls the animation repre BirdsEyeView addAgent 0 05 senting the birth of a beggar sToDisplay Slowness of movement sec Controls the animation repre BirdsEyeView moveWidget 0 005 senting the movement of a beg gar Survival Threshold Controls the initial balance of a Beggar Init 0 05 beggar Mean Init Begg The mean of the budgets of SimulationSpace init inser 19 beggars in the first round tObjects and runOneSimulation Mean Init Phil The mean of the budgets of initialBudgetPhilantropist in 80 philanthropists Philanathropist init Deviation Init Phil The deviation of the budgets of initialBudgetPhilantropist in 20 philanthropists Philanathropist init Mean Incr Begg The mean increase of the budg 0 001 ets of beggars newBudgetBeggar in Beg gar makeApplication The deviation of increase of the budgets of beggars Deviation Incr Begg newBudgetBeggar in Beg 0 02 gar makeApplication Mean Incr Phil The mean increase of the budg 0 001 ets of philanthropists
46. xpenditure_Begg 0 02 size 15 Slowness_of_birth_ sec 0 05 umber_of_Beggars 24 Slowness_of movement_ sec Number_of_Philanthropists 4 0 005 Phil vision 4 Beggar Phil_ratio 6 Beggar_vision 4 Base_Value 0 25 Iterations 100 Collect_stat_from 5 Survival_Threshold 0 05 Catastrophe_Alarm False Mean_Init_Begg 19 Alarm_Sound False Mean_Incr_Begg 0 001 Alarm_set_point 4 2 End result of simulation End result of simulation SumBegBud NumRevBeg NumMovBeg Iteration NumCollBeg NumOfBeg SumPhilBud SumBegGra 613 18 24 1 6 8 239 231 209 2 4 2 7 246 85 214 2 4 3 2 6 253 71 198 0 4 4 0 7 258 98 258 3 3 5 3 6 262 210 182 0 1 6 0 6 270 82 221 0 3 7 7 270 221 256 1 3 8 2 6 275 233 200 0 2 9 0 6 279 200 238 2 3 10 3 3 289 204 226 1 3 11 5 295 98 174 0 2 12 5 302 74 219 1 3 13 3 3 308 202 4 reports on each round Round 10 starting with 8 beggars 4 8 philantropists lphil 2phil 3phil 4phil beggars 12 19 20 30 32 35 36 37 The following events happened 12s life Iteration 10 found 4 philantropists calculated 0 4phil 1 3phil 1 1lphil and 4 2phil competitors calculated paths to 4 philantropists 6 4phil 12 3phil and 3 1lphil calculated the successrates 1 4phil 1 3phil 1 lphil and 1 2phil selected philantropist 4phil calcu lated a budget proposal of 34 crowns moved to 4phil sent proposal for 34 crowns to 4phil received 34
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