the ukpms user manual
Contents
1. pcis 8 avement Condition Information Systems Contents 1 Who should read this manual ncidincadindapnerndaniaasainunsindortanaamuameeameanamouindamnenaineaiin 3 2 What is UP IVIS sco civisysssacispiesiuiadnroucieduiua iuvenseusieasaameneationgpnoniesmnemienaniauoneanuemeasielics 3 3 What ate the UKPMS Visual Surveyse sitsctecsedcrisiscticiitamiisialettscateassnienmld 3 4 What ate the UKPMS Visual Surveys used for sieisiscniniaisnanianiinninins 4 5 Who should catry out UKPMS Visual Surveys ssessessessessesssssressesrssresressesressrerrssresees 5 6 Health and Satetieinnscintannnendtaninanaiedien sana 5 7 Visual S tyey Detall Sisner incinin nasa aaa is 6 8 Network and Location Referencing esssesssereesrrssrrseessereserenerustrsnresrtesreesreeseresreenress 11 9 Cross Section POSIHONS sssisesiierisreiseosrisisererusninirniesarernininsrinisrepriinseirinisiisrisieneee n 14 10 Not Assessed and Not Defective Features ssssssssssssssssessesesssssssessuthgeoeedby 15 11 Relationship of CVI and DVI De heGt iss icstccctasecsanstaseiatairsenercinetatiecnsbsatecne gyi Magee 16 12 Surveying Pro ed r scncmrusuresunuinnudidndnriiieinin ni Mey Mod 21 13 Frequently asked questions sssssesssseereesseeusreuseeusesnsesnsesnresuresnrerneesneeseregee et Apre Aee PA itas ee 22 14 A DDreEviAUO Smena a a A ide Ned aias 33 15 PLC AGW CCA SCRA aicaasvies asus insuiies sauneata anus cesesi ann a Maggi aot sntaamnnts 34 October 2009 UKPMS Ma2. Conversion of such items will depend upon the number of lanes type of carriageway and actual existence of footways and verges Initial rules for each situation can be defined It will not however be possible to accommodate RMMS cross sectional positions Q W E R T and Y which have no indication of their physical location with respect to the other cross sectional positions These features of the RMMS method also cause problems with reversing the direction of data The relationship between RMMS and UKPMS cross sectional positions is shown in Table 6 for single carriageways and Table 7 for dual carriageways respectively UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc October 2009 Page 30 of Chapter 1 he gt CiS the ukpms user manual iliac Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter l Overview of Visual Data Collection RMMS XSP Description RMMS UKPMS UKPMS XSP Full XSP Simple XSP Left Outer Verge 1 13 IL Left Footway 2 12 Left Inner Verge 3 Li Left Kerb LE Left Turning Acceleration W L1 Lane Left Lane 1 4 CL1 C Right Lane 1 5 CR1 Right Turning Acceleration E R1 R Lane Right Kerb RE Right Inner Verge 8 R1 Right Footway 9 R2 Right Outer Verge 0 R3 Table 6 Single Carriageway RMMS XSP Description RMMS UKPMS UKPMS XSP Full XSP Simple XSP Left Outer Verge 1 L3 L Left Footway 2 L2 Left Inner Verge 3 Ll Left Kerb LE Left W Lil Turning Acceleration Lane Left Lane 1 4 CL1 C Left Lane 2 5 CL2 Left Lane 3
3. FNS survey found that it was not practicable or effective to carry out the FNS survey in conjunction with streetworks inspection Q9 Can short lengths or small areas of defects be ignored All defects that are defined in this manual should be observed and recorded where present because UKPMS surveys are used to determine the condition of the whole network and are projected to assess future condition and need for treatment and funding Even seemingly insignificant defects that would not be treated should be included Q10 Do I have to inspect the whole section when I carry out a CVI DVI or FNS Survey No Partial surveys are permitted for UKPMS surveys You will however need to start chainage recording at the start of the section to determine the chainage at which the survey starts For CVI and DVI surveys you will also have to record Not Assessed for the chainage lengths where the survey is not being carried out This is illustrated in Figure 7 Footway Paved Verge Kerb CarmiagHnay besesusussseneccasesssessocsasea T Hate Fass aa sa sessces seca aeeseceasssasesasesssesseesesshseeeecse Kerb Footway Cycletrack 300m 200m 100m 0m NS 7 NN 7 NAN 7 n Not Assessed Survey Not Assessed All Features that Are Present 100 to 200m All Features that Are Present Figure 7 Partial Surveys by Chainage Q11 Do I hav
4. specific requirement to do so in the survey being undertaken The surveyor must be made aware of the highway authority s policy on safety related defects and ensure they know who to contact in case of emergency UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc October 2009 Page 5 of Chapter 1 the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter Overview of Visual Data Collection pcis 8 avement Condition Information Systems It is important that surveyors remain alert to the dangers of moving vehicles To ensure that surveyors can always be seen high visibility jackets conforming to BS EN 471 2003 should be worn at all times when outside a survey vehicle Where possible surveys on foot should be carried out from the footway or verge When measurements are being made on the carriageway e g rut depth by one surveyor the other surveyor should act as a lookout to warn of oncoming traffic On dual carriageways and other busy roads with fast moving traffic traffic management will normally be required to ensure a safe survey This should be in accordance with Chapter 8 of the Department for Transport s Traffic Signs Manual For CVI surveys the survey vehicle should be equipped with high intensity roof mounted flashing beacons As the vehicle will be operating at slow speeds it is recommended that the rear of the vehicle should be fitted with a blue arrow sign to diagram No 610 of the Traffic Signs Regulations and General D
5. Full and Minimal XSP surveys on the same section The Normal XSP Method is set separately for the carriageway and for the off carriageway features for each section on the network All surveys on that section for the catriageway and for the other features should use the set method with one exception irrespective of the XSP method set Minimal method CVI surveys can be carried out For example if the XSP method for the Carriageway is set as Detailed although DVI and Machine surveys must use the Detailed XSP method you can still carry out Minimal method CVI surveys Note that if you wish to process Minimal CVI data and full XSP data from other surveys together a full XSP inventory must have been collected Proposals to simplify XSP referencing are likely to change these provisions in the future Q2 Can I carry out the surveys using paper forms You cannot report surveys using paper forms if the survey is to be used for performance reporting It may be viable to carry out very small scale surveys using paper forms for audit or training purposes You should use electronic Data Capture Devices DCD together with appropriate accredited software for UKPMS visual surveys Further information is provided in Chapter 3 DCD Software Accreditation in Volume 2 of this UKPMS User Manual Details of accredited DCD software suppliers are given on the PCIS web site www pcis org uk Q3 I have two separate footways on the same side of the section Do
6. I have to use Full XSP referencing to survey them It is recommended that you use full XSP referencing in this situation for DVI surveys But if you wish you can treat one of the footways as a paved verge verges have the same defects processing rules and associated standards as footways within UKPMS and then you will be able to identify them separately Note also that the footway classified as a paved verge will not be used in the calculation of BV187 For CVI and FNS surveys using the Minimal XSP method they will be treated as if they were a single footway which could lead to confusion or inaccuracy if their condition varies or if they are of different construction Q4 Should cracks that have been sealed be recorded Sealed transverse and reflective cracks are not classed as defective within UKPMS However Wheel Track Cracking and Whole Carriageway Major Cracking on bituminous surfaced carriageways should still be recorded even if they have been sealed Q5 How are edge defects that extend into trafficked areas of the carriageway recorded Edge defects should only be recorded in locations where there is no kerb channel blocks or other edge restraint For cracking fretting or deformation to be classified as edge deterioration it must extend to the edge of the carriageway If it extends beyond 2 October 2009 UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc Page 22 of Chapter 1 the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapte
7. Longitudinal Joint Faulting Longitudinal Joint Cracking Minor Concrete Surface Deterioration Major Concrete Surface Deterioration Local Settlement Global Settlement Minor Single Cracking Major Single Cracking Multiple Cracking Bituminous Patching Inadequate Upstand Kerb Disintegration Cracking defects have a direction parameter indicating whether they are longitudinal or transverse Surface Type DVI Defect CVI Defect CVI Transverse Defective Seal CVI Longitudinal Defective Seal CVI Transverse Joint Defectiveness CVI Longitudinal Joint Defectiveness CVI Concrete Surface Deterioration CVI Settlement CVI Concrete Cracking CVI Bituminous Patching Inadequate Upstand Kerb Deterioration Table 3 Relationship between CVI and DVI Defects Carriageway UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc October 2009 Page 18 of Chapter 1 the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter l Overview of Visual Data Collection Surface Type DVI Defect CVI Defect Bituminous Major Cracking Major Bituminous Major Fretting Deterioration Severe Local Settlement Subsidence Moderate Local Settlement Subsidence pcis avement Condition Information Systems Spot Defects Longitudinal Trip Minor Cracking Minor Bituminous Minor Pretting Deterioration Concrete Major Cracking Major Concrete Major Scaling Fretting Deterioration Severe Local Settlement Subsidence Moderate Local Settlement Subsi
8. The RMMS carriageway inventory item does not include lane referencing However each section is designated as having a number of lanes and also whether it is a single or dual carriageway An initial estimate could therefore be made for UKPMS lane referencing The conversion could not take account of one way streets which are not differentiated from two way single carriageways in RMMS or additional lanes which are not recorded in RMMS Changes due to additional lanes e g crawler lanes should however be identified in the network data as they would necessitate a new CHART section because of the change in road type e g from single two lane to single three lane RMMS has only three off carriageway cross sectional positions for each side Inner Verge Footway and Outer Verge Interrogation of the footway and verge inventory itself could make conversion reasonably accurate in the situation where there are actually no more than two verges separated by a single footway October 2009 UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc Page 29 of Chapter 1 pcis 8 avement Condition the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter Overview of Visual Data Collection Information Systems RMMS uses a left hand rule for items on the margin of two cross sectional positions whereas UKPMS assigns such items to the outer cross sectional position RMMS also refers to the theoretical cross sectional positions which may not actually exist
9. Visual Data Collection Kerb or Channel To be recorded as whole carriageway defect i e cracking fretting ete Figure 5 Edge Defects Q6 What are Lane Length defects For both DVI and CVI surveys there are a number of defects where the lane length of the defect is required For CVI surveys these defects CVI Wheel Track Cracking are recorded according to the number of lanes affected For DVI surveys the lane length affected in linear metres is recorded for Wheel Track Cracking For the defect to be present there merely has to be some wheel track cracking in either or both of the wheel tracks The total possible length within a sub section will depend upon the cross section position referencing method being used using the Full XSP method the total possible lane length is the length of the sub section whereas using the minimal XSP method the total possible lane length is the length of the sub section multiplied by the number of lanes present on the carriageway at that point As an example in Figure 6 the length between 0 to 40 on the left hand lane and between 80 and 100 both lanes are affected by wheel track cracking Using the minimal XSP method with 20m sub sections the maximum length that can be recorded for each sub section is 40m ive sub section length x no of lanes 20m of wheel track cracking is recorded for each of the first 2 sub sections and 40m is recorded for the final sub s
10. adding local defects to the standard survey in order that you will still be able to produce the performance indicators and other standard outputs Alternatively a new sutvey can be created by incrementally changing the default surveys and rules rather than starting from scratch Advice should be sought from the PCIS Support Contractor if in any doubt Q20 What is the logic behind the CVI and DVI defect codes For off carriageway defects there are three components to the defect codes The first letter of the code denotes the Feature Footway cYcleway Verge The second letter denotes the Surface Type blocK Concrete Flag and Bituminous The third letter denotes the severity of the defect Major miNor and the final letter denotes the October 2009 UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc Page 28 of Chapter 1 the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter Overview of Visual Data Collection pcis 8 avement Condition Information Systems particular defect For example VFMD is the code for Major Flagged Deterioration on a flag paved verge For carriageways the first letter denotes the surface type blocK paved Concrete Bituminous with the remaining letters identifying the defect Where there are major and minor versions of the defect the final letter denotes this Major miNor and where there are two severities this is identified by the last character 1 or 2 For example BTC2 is the code for Tra
11. against the section It is recommended that in all but exceptional circumstances the normal surveying direction should be set to be the same as the referenced direction of the section If a section is labelled as reverse then the UKPMS system will alter the data automatically i e the end chainage will become the start chainage 0 and the XSP s will change from L to R and R to L 7 4 Pavement Type Surface Type and Construction Type Pavement Type Bituminous Surface Concrete Construction Sutface Type Bituminous Consttuction Type Concrete Figure 3 Pavement Type Surface Type and Construction Type The UKPMS approach for defects and processing is founded on three related concepts relating to the material from which a pavement under consideration is constructed UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc October 2009 Page 8 of Chapter 1 the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter Overview of Visual Data Collection pcis avement Condition Information Systems The Surface Type is the material from which the visible element of the pavement is constituted It is this surface element that is of concern when undertaking a visual survey The Construction Type of a paved feature is the structural element of a pavement 7 The Pavement Type combines the surface and construction elements of the pavement and has the most important logical role within UKPMS processing Each time a defect is
12. although the recorded feature exists for the chainage range and cross section position recorded it has not been inspected This could either be intentionally for example when a Partial survey is being carried out or unintentionally where for example road works or parked vehicles prevent the survey of a particular feature or section Not Defective is only recorded for features and cross section positions where there are no real defects recorded on a section Not Defective shows that although the feature has been inspected it is free from reportable defects Recording Not Defective means that areas that are in good condition are included in reports on the condition of road network and can be used to project future conditions Before carrying out a survey you need to know whether that survey will be used for Condition Projection that is to determine future condition to support future budgeting and to allocate priorities on the basis of the consequences of not UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc October 2009 Page 15 of Chapter 1 pcis 8 avement Condition Information Systems 11 the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter l Overview of Visual Data Collection carrying out treatments If so recording of Not Defective for all features and cross section positions that exist would be desirable but it places considerable overheads on the UKPMS survey Taking this into consideration it is recom
13. pcis gt t Condition Information Systems Section 1 Section 4 Section 3 __ Section 2 Shows direction of referencing AND traffic gt Example 3 _ Section B Section A Example 4 9 Cross Section Positions In addition to locating defects inventory items condition indices and indicative treatments by section and chainage UKPMS provides a convention to locate items across the carriageway using Cross Section Positions XSP s There are two alternative levels of detail for defining the transverse location of a defect 7 Minimal Simple Cross Section Positions Full Detailed Cross Section Positions The level of detail to be used is predetermined before surveying each section separately for the carriageway and for the off carriageway features Both the minimal and full options are provided to permit the user flexibility in application according to the available resources the requirements of a particular road hierarchy and survey type October 2009 UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc Page 14 of Chapter 1 pcis 8 avement Condition Information Systems 10 the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter l Overview of Visual Data Collection For example the minimal method which allocates information to the carriageway or to the left or right would be sufficient for a little used street where treatment of individual lanes is unlikely The
14. 6 CL3 Right E So Lil R Turning Acceleration Lane Right Kerb RE Central Reserve on the 8 R1 nominated section Table 7 Dual Carriageway Q23 How are grassed verges inspected The UKPMS system only covers paved areas therefore grassed verges cannot be assessed and are collected with inventory for information purposes only October 2009 UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc Page 31 of Chapter 1 pP CIS the ukpms user manual _ Sn SAn eee oe Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter Overview of Visual Data Collection Q24 Do I record Not Defective on a road section for all XSP s during CVI and DVI sutveys You should record Not Defective for the whole section for all the XSP s which are surveyed but have no defects recorded against them Figure 9 shows a section which has been surveyed using full XSP Not Defective does not need to be recorded for CR1 because there are defects present but should be recorded for CL1 as there are no defects present Figure 10 shows a section which has been surveyed using simple XSP Not Defective does not need to be recorded for C because there are defects present La Section 1 Figure 9 Full XSP Section 1 Figure 10 Minimal XSP October 2009 UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc Page 32 of Chapter 1 14 Abbreviations DCD XSP ENS RBAG WGA DRC October 2009 UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc Page 33 of Chapter 1 15 A
15. and less dependent upon weather conditions The video survey can also be used for other applications such as inventory It is recommended that if this approach is adopted it is trialled on a small sample so that its accuracy can be determined before data on the whole network is extracted This approach is not recommended for DVI surveys Q8 Can UKPMS visual surveys be carried out at the same time as other surveys Safety Streetworks etc This approach is not generally recommended The intention of condition assessment surveys such as CVI DVI and FNS is to assess overall condition and need for treatment whereas safety defect and trench surveys focus on individual defects and issues together with localised remedial works The risk of combining surveys is that defects may be missed with the surveyor concentrating on too many separate items Moreover UKPMS surveys require the surveyor to be able to record accurately and methodically according to the definitions within this manual but do not require the additional skills and knowledge of materials and maintenance techniques required to undertake defect surveys or surveys of streetworks and reinstatements Research carried out by TRL when developing the October 2009 UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc Page 25 of Chapter 1 pen pP CIS the ukpms user manual _ Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter Overview of Visual Data Collection avement Condition Information Systems
16. arriageway Footway and Footpath z Cycleway and Cyclepath Paved Verge Grass verges and other unmade areas are not covered by UKPMS Kerb E Longitudinal Joint in Concrete 7 Transverse Joint in Concrete UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc October 2009 Page 7 of Chapter 1 pcis 8 avement Condition Information Systems the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter l Overview of Visual Data Collection 7 3 Survey Direction Sections may be surveyed in either a forward direction or a reverse direction The terms forward and reverse are used with respect to the reference direction which is defined by the start and end nodes or the section description On one way streets and for dual carriageways the reference direction of the section is the direction of traffic flow Table 1 below is an example of a road section reference The Description contains the From and To location This is referred to as either the Forward or the Normal direction SEMIS A 123456 00 James Street From Street A to Street B Table 1 Section Reference Upon loading to the UKPMS system reverse direction surveys will be reversed to match the normal direction recorded against the section UKPMS includes a facility that allows a user to ensure that all surveys are always carried out in the same direction i e forward or reverse by recording a normal surveying direction
17. at category where extent is being recorded Auditing At present there are no national rules for auditing visual survey data It is important that you take ownership of this data and you consider having your own audit regime Guidance on auditing is provided in Chapter 4 OA amp Audit in Volume 2 of this USPMS User Manual www pcis org uk Survey direction It is important the surveyor records the direction of survey in relation to the direction of the section referencing If the survey is taking place in the opposite direction to the referencing then the survey MUST be marked as REVERSE Correct inventory If you have full inventory within your system the system will look up the inventory table and process the data against this Therefore it is important that when carrying out a visual sutvey you record the defects in the correct cross sectional position Machine surveys When carrying out machine surveys your system MUST be set up as having full cross sectional positions on the carriageway This means that if you plan to use minimal XSP CVI data on the same section you MUST have carriageway inventory information in the form of lane widths and lengths UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc October 2009 Page 21 of Chapter 1 the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter l Overview of Visual Data Collection pcis avement Condition Information Systems 13 Frequently asked questions Q1 Can I mix
18. cknowledgements Project Sponsor Department for Transport Pavement Condition Management Group Chair Chris Capps Cambridgeshire County Council We would like to thank the members of the former UKPMS Visual Survey Sub Group and members of the UKPMS Support team for their technical advice and assistance Particular support was provided by dN aie Cope Contact Dea Simon Burrows Scott Wilson Scop wilson Ruth Aitken Scott Wilson Pavement Clowes Engineering Wain _ re Ian Butler WDM Andrew Ellingham n London Streets October 2009 UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc Page 34 of Chapter 1
19. d Flags Condition Category 4 S Depressed Flags not Cracked Structural Unsound Spot Defects Longitudinal Trip Cracked but Level Flags Condition Category 3 Functionally Impaired Block Paved Cracked and Depressed Blocks Condition Category 4 Depressed or Missing Blocks Structural Unsound Spot Defects Longitudinal Trip Damaged Blocks Condition Category 3 Missing Filler Functionally Impaired Table 5 Relationship between FNS and DVI Defects Footway October 2009 UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc Page 20 of Chapter 1 pcis 8 avement Condition Information Systems 12 12 1 12 2 12 3 12 4 12 5 the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter l Overview of Visual Data Collection Surveying Procedures Recording defects Defects must be recorded as stated within this manual or any future advice notes which may be issued from the PCIS Support Contractor Each defect must be recorded accurately for area and location If multiple defects exist within the same area each defect is to be recorded separately The surveyor MUST NOT record what he she thinks is the worst defect The exception to this practice is for FNS surveys where only one condition category can be recorded at any point along a footway In cases where more than one condition category exists across the width of a footway then the worst category is taken as representative andthe total extent of all conditions is applied to th
20. dence 5 5 Y S X S p Ri Q N N Se Spot Defects Longitudinal Trip Minor Cracking Minor Concrete Minor Scaling Fretting Deterioration Flagged Cracked and Depressed Flags Major Flagged Deterioration Depressed Flags not Cracked Spot Defects Longitudinal Trip Cracked but Level Flags Minor Flagged Deterioration Block Paved Cracked and Depressed Blocks Major Block Deterioration Depressed or Missing Blocks Spot Defects Longitudinal Trip Damaged Blocks Minor Block Deterioration Missing Filler Not Recorded Table 4 Relationship between CVI and DVI Defects Footway October 2009 UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc Page 19 of Chapter 1 the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter Overview of Visual Data Collection Surface Type DVI Defect FNS Defect Bituminous Major Cracking Condition Category 4 Major Fretting Structural Unsound Severe Local Settlement Subsidence Moderate Local Settlement Subsidence pcis avement Condition Information Systems Spot Defects Longitudinal Trip Minor Cracking Condition Category 3 Y Minor Fretting Functionally Impaired a Concrete Major Cracking Condition Category 4 x Major Scaling Fretting Structural Unsound S Severe Local Settlement Subsidence Moderate Local Settlement Subsidence g Spot Defects x Longitudinal Trip Minor Cracking Condition Category 3 3 Minor Scaling Fretting Functionally Impaired Flagged Cracked and Depresse
21. e to inspect all paved features when I carry out a CVI or DVI No Partial surveys by feature are permitted You will need to record Not Assessed for the whole section for those features that exist on the section but which are not being inspected Refer to Figure 8 October 2009 UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc Page 26 of Chapter 1 the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter l Overview of Visual Data Collection pcis 8 avement Condition Information Systems Footway Paved Verge Kerb lt 4 Carriageway Survey 0m to 300m A Carriageway Kerb Footway Cycletrack 300m 0m Not Assessed 0 to 300m Left Footway and Cycletrack Right Footway and Paved Verge Figure 8 Partial Surveys by Feature Q12 Why are sections that are clearly notin need of treatment inspected UKPMS surveys are used to assess the condition of the whole of an authority s network and are projected forward to assess future condition and need for treatment It is important that even sections with little or no deterioration are included to ensure a complete accurate assessment This information is important for asset valuation purposes 13 How is a polished carriageway surface recorded P g y For CVI surveys a severely polished surface with minimal texture similar to that occurring where there is major fatting up of bituminous binder is recorded as CVI Surface Deterioration for b
22. ection Remember that the Area of the cracking is also recorded as Whole Carriageway Major cracking in DVI surveys and Wearing Course Deterioration in CVI surveys UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc October 2009 Page 24 of Chapter 1 the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter l Overview of Visual Data Collection pcis 8 avement Condition Information Systems CELETTE S Om 20m 40m 80m 90m 100m se sale ide ss tie Ai FARAS Major Cracking A Wheel Track Cracking Se iid i te AA Sse Mie ts tie Ai Wheel paths Figure 6 Lane Length Defects Q7 Can video techniques be used for recording UKPMS visual survey data You should not attempt to record defects from video sutveys if the survey is to be used for performance reporting or benchmarking A number of authorities have experimented with using digital video surveys to carty out CVI surveys transcribing the data manually from the video after the survey as if carrying out a virtual CVI In principal this approach is acceptable if a The same level of detail is achieved as from a driven survey image resolution no of cameras and frequency of image capture being the determining factors and The standard CVI procedure is adopted when transcribing the observations from the video Indeed provided that equivalent accuracy is achieved this approach has the advantage of being more auditable
23. een sections and optionally shape points determined by the user On those parts of the network where machine surveys such as SCANNER are carried out nodes must be used to identify the start and end points of the sections from which survey direction can be inferred by the UKPMS sytem Further information is provided in Volume 1 Chapter 4 Network Referencing of this UKPMS User Manual UKPMS network referencing is characterised as follows UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc October 2009 Page 11 of Chapter 1 the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter Overview of Visual Data Collection pcis 8 avement Condition Information Systems 1 The road network is divided into sections each of which is identified uniquely by a section label Sections have a designated start and end to enable specific defects to be located correctly to the left and right hand sides of the road within a section Start chainage is always zero As shown in Example 1 the sections should run contiguously This will ensure that vehicle based surveys are carried out easily and minimises any errors in processing This type of potential difficulty is illustrated in Example 2 where Section 1 is referenced in the opposite direction to Section 0 and Section 2 2 Location is referenced differently depending on survey type CVI and FNS defects are referenced by start and end chainage within section and DVI defects by
24. full method must be used where lane specific machine surveys are carried out and would be appropriate where treatment of an individual lane is a possibility Note that there are proposals to rationalise Cross Section Position referencing within UKPMS and to remove the distinction between full and minimal codes For the minimal method generally for CVI and FNS surveys the transverse location of a defect will be defined broadly by features a Carriageway m Left and Right Kerb 7 Left and Right Footway Cycletrack Verge In the case of Footways and Cycletracks that are not associated with a carriageway they should be recorded on the Left For the full method the cross section position is a code representing a physical band across the highway e g a traffic lane a footway or a verge For each section on the UKPMS network the XSP method that should be used is recorded separately for the Carriageway and for the Off Carriageway Features All surveys that ate carried out on that section feature must use the nominated XSP method with the exception of CVI surveys which can always be carried out using the minimal method Further information on the use of Cross Sectional Position is provided in Chapter 6 Cross Sectional Position XSP of this USPMS User Manual Not Assessed and Not Defective Features UKPMS provides for two special defects for all surface types and features Not Assessed and Not Defective Not Assessed means that
25. ied out from a slow moving vehicle that enables a large part of a highways authority s road network to be assessed each year The CVI protocol includes both carriageways and footways The Detailed Visual Inspection survey DVI is a more comprehensive survey with defects identified by a larger number of more detailed classifications The DVI is a walked survey that provides more detailed information and is typically targeted at lengths already identified as defective and potentially in need of treatment either from other surveys or other sources of information The DVI protocol includes both carriageways and footways The Footway Network Survey FNS is intended to be a simple rapid survey of the footway network It is a walked survey that enables a large part of a highways authority s footway network to be assessed each year It is intended to be used for identifying lengths of network which are potentially in need of more detailed investigation or of treatment UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc October 2009 Page 3 of Chapter 1 pcis t Condition Information Systems the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter l Overview of Visual Data Collection For the purposes of this manual the terms survey and inspection are used interchangeably to denote the type of condition assessment technique of which CVI DVI and FNS are examples where condition and the need for planned maintenance schemes a
26. ing hot rolled asphalt stone mastic asphalt dense bitumen macadam and other bituminous materials including those with a surface dressing proprietary thin surface or with anti skid surfacing applied This includes flexible composite carriageways covered concrete with a lean mix concrete sub base Concrete Carriageways All carriageways with a concrete surface including continuously reinforced concrete which will have only occasional joints and concrete constructed in bays of reinforced or unreinforced concrete Concrete carriageways that have a surface dressing or thin bituminous layer on top of them less than 20mm thick are also included Block Paved Carriageways All types of carriageways constructed from small element blocks including concrete cobbles granite setts brick and exceptionally wooden blocks Unknown Surface Carriageways This category is only used for machine surveys Kerbs All kerb types including concrete stone and extruded asphalt October 2009 UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc Page 10 of Chapter 1 pcis 8 avement Condition Information Systems the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter l Overview of Visual Data Collection Bituminous Footways Cycleways and Paved Verges This category includes surface dressed or slurry sealed features Block Paved Footways Cycleways and Paved Verges Concrete blocks brick pavers granite setts and other small elemen
27. iple Speed Limit should not change within a section as it is used for ranking schemes on the basis of condition In practice the current version of the UKPMS default rules and parameters does not use this facility so that it may be possible to leave this out you are advised to check with your UKPMS system supplier before making this decision For all surveys each carriageway of a dual carriageway is considered separately and referenced in the direction of traffic as are roundabouts which should always be surveyed in a clockwise direction Example 3 and example 4 illustrate these points October 2009 UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc Page 12 of Chapter 1 the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter Overview of Visual Data Collection pcis 8 avement Condition Information Systems Network Referencing Examples Minor Junction Major Junction Section A Section B Section 2 gt Section 1 Section Shows direction of referencing AND traffic gt Section change at junction Example 1 Major Junction Minor Junction Section B Section 2 Section 1 Section 0 Shows direction of referencing NOT Traffic Direction Section change at junction Example 2 October 2009 UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc Page 13 of Chapter 1 the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter l Overview of Visual Data Collection
28. irections 2002 together with a sign explaining the nature of the work e g CAUTION SURVEYING IN PROGRESS SLOW MOVING VEHICLE It is preferable to use a vehicle with a conspicuous colour such as bright yellow or orange In planning the survey any traffic sensitive lengths that are best surveyed at off peak times should be identified A minimum of two personnel ate required for a driven survey a driver and a sutveyor 7 Visual Survey Details 7 1 Wheel Track Rutting Wheel Track rutting is defined as a longitudinal depression in the wheel tracks relative to the surrounding area Note that for UKPMS surveys no distinction is made between plastic rutting where rutting results from pushing of bituminous material in the upper layer s of the pavement and structural rutting where rutting results from structural deformation in lower layers of the pavement Figure 1 Structural Wheel Track Rutting October 2009 UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc Page 6 of Chapter 1 pcis 8 avement Condition Information Systems the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter Overview of Visual Data Collection Figure 2 Plastic Wheel Track Rutting Wheel track rutting can be surveyed manually For CVI surveys a simple visual assessment can be undertaken For DVI surveys a straight edge and calibrated wedge or depth measure can be used However the preferred option for both types of survey is t
29. ituminous carriageways and as CVI Concrete Surface Deterioration for concrete carriageways For DVI surveys polishing is recorded on bituminous surfaced carriageways either as Minor Fatting where there is some surface texture remaining or as Major Fatting where there is no surface texture Polished concrete carriageways ate recorded using the Loss of Texture defect on DVI Surveys Q14 Are channel blocks inspected Channel blocks are inspected as kerbs except that Inadequate Up stand is only recorded if they are sunken below the level of the carriageway Q15 Are dropped kerbs for vehicle access assessed for inadequate up stand Dropped kerbs are only recorded as having Inadequate Up stand if they are flush with ot lower than the carriageway surface October 2009 UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc Page 27 of Chapter 1 pcis 8 avement Condition Information Systems the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter Overview of Visual Data Collection Q16 Can footpaths and cycle paths that are remote i e not associated with a catriageway be inspected Yes These are normally referenced as separate sections and only have defects recorded for the footway or cycleway There is a special road hierarchy in UKPMS of 9 No Cartiageway for such sections Q17 How are patches and public utility reinstatements assessed Patches and public utility reinstatements are inspected as a
30. king between authorities For example m To produce internal performance indicators sometimes referred to as Key Performance Indicators KPI To inform decisions about how when and where to carry out maintenance schemes within an authority and to support the internal audit of such decisions To support an authority s Asset Management Plan including a Determining a required level of budget and investment over time to maintain or to achieve a required condition or level of service for a road network UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc October 2009 Page 4 of Chapter 1 E Pavement Condition Information Systems the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter l Overview of Visual Data Collection D Assessing the future implications of current levels of funding a Determining the depreciated value of the paved assets in the network Who should carry out UKPMS Visual Surveys UKPMS surveys are designed to be carried out by staff trained in the relevant sutvey techniques and who are able to record defects accurately and consistently in accordance with the definitions and procedures described in this manual UKPMS surveyors are not expected to make decisions about the cause of defects required treatments or to make other engineering judgements Objectivity and consistency are paramount considerations in carrying out visual surveys UKPMS accredited surveys may only be carried out by UKPMS accredited ins
31. mended that Not Defective is not recorded as part of the UKPMS visual surveys unless the user of that survey identifies a clear need for explicit recording of lengths that have no defects For minimal XSP surveys of footways cycletracks paved verges and kerbs Not Defective and or Not Assessed should be recorded separately for each side i e Left and Right for which the feature exists For the FNS condition category one as new indicates those parts of the section that have been surveyed but have no reportable defects and therefore there is no need for the special defects not defective and not assessed Further information on the Footway Network Survey is provided in Chapter 9 Footway Network Survey of this UKPMS User Manual Relationship of CVI and DVI Defects The following tables show the relationships between CVI and DVI and between DVI and FNS defects The results from DVI surveys can be converted into CVI and FNS surveys therefore there needs to be a comparison between the defects which these tables show UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc October 2009 Page 16 of Chapter 1 P cis avement Condition Information Systems the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter Overview of Visual Data Collection Surface Type DVI Defect CVI Defect cael Not assessed Not assessed Not defective Not defective Bituminous WC major cracking CVI Wearing Course WT maj
32. n integral part of the carriageway or footway Defects contained in patches and reinstatements are recorded accordingly Where UKPMS surveys differ from some other survey types e g CHART is that non defective patches and reinstatements are not recorded as defects Q18 Where there is a central reserve between two sections of adual carriageway how is it assessed UKPMS uses the convention of identifying one of the two opposite sections as the nominated section to which the shared features are referenced You should make sure you check which sections are the nominated sections before carrying out a UKPMS survey of a dual carriageway Q19 Can I define my own UKPMS Surveys UKPMS allows users to define their own custom survey types and defects and to define associated rules for rating selecting and prioritising treatments and for assessing need and likely future conditions and performance As the definition of custom rules can prove complex and onerous most users are likely to use the standard default set of sutveys and rules at least until they have gained experience in the use of UKPMS Moreover if surveys ate being carried out to support the production of performance indicators or used to make comparisons between different authorities on a consistent basis then you will have to use the standard surveys and associated rules If you do wish to define custom surveys defects and rules then it is suggested that you do so by
33. nsverse Reflection Cracking Severity Level 2 on a bituminous surfaced carriageway Q21 How are footway crossings inspected In DVI and CVI surveys footway crossings vehicle accesses over the footway or cycleway often of a different surface type to the footway are inspected either as part of the footway or optionally as short lengths of paved verge This may mean that defects for the different surface types are being recorded at the same location For FNS surveys there is no need to stop and start defects when surface types change unless there is a change of condition and therefore observations can continue through footway crossings if appropriate Q22 I already have an Inventory collected using RMMS Cross Section Positions Can this be used for UKPMS The XSP codes used for RMMS and for UKPMS are different and the RMMS codes cannot be converted to the UKPMS codes with complete accuracy If you are prepared to undertake some manual updating it may be possible to carry out the conversion to an acceptable level of accuracy particularly on parts of the network with simple configuration of lanes and features Conversion from RMMS XSP to minimal UKPMS XSP is more reliable than conversion to the Full XSP Although procedures and programs can be written for converting RMMS inventory data to UKPMS cross sectional positions a number of anomalies exist which can only be resolved by user intervention Some of the issues involved are
34. nual_02_01v08 doc Page 2 of Chapter 1 pcis avement Condition Information Systems the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter l Overview of Visual Data Collection Who should read this manual This manual is intended to provide surveyors and those responsible for auditing visual surveys with the necessary information to carry out all UKPMS accredited Visual Inspections accurately and consistently It will also be of interest and relevance to managers engineers and auditors who are responsible for arranging for surveys to be carried out and who have to interpret or assess the output produced from those surveys What is UKPMS UKPMS the United Kingdom Pavement Management System is a standard for computer systems that support the management of programmed maintenance of hard paved areas within the highway and the monitoring of condition and need for funding on local authority road networks within the UK There is no single UKPMS but a range of commercial highway management systems have been tested and accredited as meeting the UKPMS standard As well as software the UKPMS standard also covers the associated survey techniques and rules and parameters that allow the systems to be operated in a consistent standard way What are the UKPMS Visual Surveys There are three types of UKPMS visual survey The Coarse Visual Inspection survey CVT is intended to be a simple rapid survey usually carr
35. o undertake a machine based assessment This is recommended both on grounds of accuracy and for DVI surveys safety since it removes the need to walk onto the carriageway Two special survey types of Machine Collected Rutting for DVI DRUT and Machine Collected Rutting for CVI CRUT have been defined to support the loading and processing of such with visual surveys Further information on CRUT and DRUT is provided in Volume 3 Machine Data Collection for UKPMS of this UKPMS User Manual More recently with the development of machine based survey methods such as SCANNER rut depth is measured automatically as part of the survey Further information on SCANNER measurements of rut depth is given in Volume 3 Advice to local authorities Using SCANNER survey results of the SCANNER User Guide and Specification Machine rut surveys use the Full Cross Sectional Position XSP referencing convention separately for each lane This will still allow Minimal XSP CVI surveys to be processed with Machine Rut data although it will require that the DVI survey be carried out using the Full XSP convention Further information on the use of Cross Sectional Position is provided in Chapter 6 Cross Sectional Position XSP of this UKPMS User Manual 7 2 Features Features within UKPMS are the main paved items that are subject to survey and for which condition indices and treatment proposals are produced The Features within UKPMS are z C
36. or cracking Transverse Reflection cracking Severity 1 CVI Transverse Reflection Transverse Reflection cracking Severity 2 Cracking WC minor fretting CVI Surface deterioration WC major chip loss WC major fatting WC minor chip loss Not Recorded for CVI WC minor fatting A WC minor cracking N WC major fretting CVI Wearing Course Sn Severe Local Settlement Subsidence CVI Settlement subsidence X Moderate Local Settlement Subsidence Not Recorded for CVI S Left Recorded Edge deterioration Severity 1 Left Recorded CVI Edge Left Recorded Edge deterioration Severity 2 deterioration Right Recorded Edge deterioration Severity 1 Right Recorded CVI Edge Right Recorded Edge deterioration Severity 2 deterioration WT rutting CVI Rutting Block Paved WT Rutting CVI Rutting Severe Block Deterioration CVI Block Deterioration Moderate Block Deterioration Damaged Blocks CVI Minor Block Misaligned Blocks Deterioration Missing Filler Not Recorded October 2009 UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc Page 17 of Chapter 1 pcis avement Condition Information Systems Concrete Cartiageway All Materials the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter Overview of Visual Data Collection Transverse Defective Seal Longitudinal Defective Seal Major Transverse Joint Spalling Minor Transverse Joint Spalling Transverse Joint Faulting Transverse Joint Cracking Major Longitudinal Joint Spalling Minor Longitudinal Joint Spalling
37. pcis avement Condition Information Systems _the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter 1 Overview of Visual Data Collection the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter l Overview of Visual Data Collection pcis avement Condition Information Systems Document Information Title Sub Title The UKPMS User Manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter 1 Overview of Visual Data Collection 43 J i J ea Author James Wallis l Desctiption UKPMS Visual Survey Manual Introductory and Overview Chapter Document History i Version Changes from Previous Version First release for internal review All USG comments incorporated issued for proof reading Final for release Changes in line with new Inspector Accreditation and recommendations from UKPMS Visual Survey sub Group Incorporating changes since 2007 nN Issued for external review I e ojojo ol me I i Revised following review Final for release PCIS Support Contractor TRL Crowthorne House Nine Mile Ride Wokingham Berkshire RG40 3GA www pcis org uk Email support ukpms com Phone 44 0 1344 770480 Fax 44 0 1344 770356 October 2009 UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc Page 1 of Chapter 1 the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter l Overview of Visual Data Collection
38. pectors An inspector accreditation system endorsed by the UK Roads Board has been in place for a number of years with the support of local highway authorities and commercial contractors Further information is provided in Chapter 2 Inspector Accreditation in Volume 2 of this UKPMS User Manual Due to the importance that local highway authorities place on consistent reliable condition data collected for planning maintenance for asset management and for asset valuation it is recommended that all visual surveys are undertaken by accredited inspectors To ensure that surveys are consistent it is recommended that any staff who manage surveyors ot audit the results from surveys should be trained and accredited to the same level as the inspectors The results from visual inspection surveys are normally recorded using hand held data capture devices The software for recording the results should also be accredited to ensure consistency and reliability Further information is provided in Chapter 3 DCD Software Accreditation in Volume 2 of this UKPMS User Manual Health and Safety The following information is only general advice the surveyor should be made aware of the contractor s or highway authority s own health and safety policy before they undertake any surveys including risk assessments and this must take precedence over the general advice within this chapter Surveyors should report any safety related defect even where there may be no
39. r l Overview of Visual Data Collection pcis gt t Condition Information Systems metre 500mm from the edge of the carriageway it is also recorded as the appropriate defect such as cracking fretting or deformation If cracking fretting or deformation occurs within 2 metre of the edge of the carriageway but does not extend to the edge of the carriageway it is not recorded as edge deterioration but only as the appropriate carriageway defect In Figure 4 which shows four areas of major fretting A and B are recorded as edge deterioration but C and D are not because although they are wholly or partly within the 2 metre edge strip they do not extend to the edge In this case C and D plus that part of A that extends outside the 2 metre edge strip is also recorded as the appropriate carriageway fretting defect In Figure 5 which shows four areas of major fretting although they are wholly or partly within the 2 metre edge strip the carriageway has an edge restraint and therefore edge deterioration should not be recorded but the defects should be recorded as the appropriate carriageway fretting defect Cway Edge No Kerb or Do Channel REA oor LAA AAA Ia RAA a y AAAS RO A Figure 4 Edge Defects October 2009 UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc Page 23 of Chapter 1 pcis 8 avement Condition Information Systems the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter Overview of
40. re assessed from a visual examination of the paved surfaces of the road It is envisaged that more detailed engineering investigations and surveys would be carried out before planned maintenance schemes such surveys are not covered in this manual UKPMS Visual Surveys only include a minimal amount of inventory collected to support processing and treatment selection requirements although the surveys may be combined with Inventory data i e locations dimensions and construction of paved items to produce more accurate results when processed in a UKPMS System Refer to Chapter 5 Inventory in Volume 2 of this UKPMS User Manual Some users may find it cost effective to carry out Inventory data collection at the same time as a DVI What are the UKPMS Visual Surveys used for In many authorities UKPMS visual surveys have multiple uses in pavement asset management typically for 7 monitoring network condition and performance identifying and prioritising schemes and works programmes and a determining budgetary needs and financial allocations Condition surveysate also used to provide financial information for asset management suchas depreciated replacement cost Visual surveys complement machine surveys such as the Deflectograph SCRIM and SCANNER on classified roads and are the main source of condition information on the rest of the network Information from visual surveys can be used for internal performance monitoring and benchmar
41. recorded the defect code will determine the Pavement Type which is used to select the rules that are applied during UKPMS processing This Pavement Type is based upon both the Surface Type implied by the survey data but also any available information about construction held in the inventory if this exists In practice observations always have a Pavement Type even if in the absence of a paved surface inventory this is a default such as Bituminous Surface Unknown Construction Figure 3 shows this by way of an example for the Bituminous Surface Covered Concrete Pavement Type Table 2 shows all possible Pavement Types and their related Surface and Construction Types for the Features covered by UKPMS visual surveys In many cases the Surface Construction and Pavement Types of a feature may be the same Block Paved Bituminous Block Paved Bituminous Surface Leanmix Construction Reinforced Jointed Concrete Unreinforced Jointed Concrete Bituminous October 2009 UKPMS Manual_02_01v08 doc Page 9 of Chapter 1 pcis avement Condition Information Systems the ukpms user manual Volume 2 Visual Data Collection for UKPMS Chapter l Overview of Visual Data Collection Concrete Concret Block Paved Block Paved Flagged Table 2 Surface Construction and Pavement Types The Surface Types are as follows Bituminous Carriageways Carriageways with a bituminous depth greater than 20mm at the surface includ
42. sub section start and end chainages In practice the DCD software used for DVI surveys may allow defects to be recorded by actual start and end chainage the allocation to sub sections being handled automatically by the software Note that whilst UKPMS makes use of chainage based referencing this is not incompatible with the use of co ordinate based systems such as GPS and GIS mapping software for data collection reporting and interaction with the user provided that the two systems can be co related 3 None of the following characteristics is permitted to change within a section i e sections should be homogenous in terms of the following 7 Carriageway Construction Type In some exceptional cases a road section may contain different construction types e g Where a section on a concrete carriageway includes bituminous construction at bridge approaches or within short housing estate cul de sacs 7 Number of Permanent Lanes E Road Classification 5 Maintenance Hierarchy unless this is held as an inventory attribute in which case a default value will be held for the section Classification used for the allocation of priorities and for the definition and application of standards for highway maintenance as recommended and detailed in the Code of Practice for Highway Maintenance Management Well maintained Highways Roads Liaison Group July 2005 Environment i e whether it is Urban or Rural 7 Speed Limit In princ
43. t paving Flagged Footways Cycleways and Paved Verges Concrete and stone paving flags including smaller square modular concrete flags Concrete Footways Cycleways and Paved Verges Concrete surfaced with or without joints Unknown footways The FNS uses an unknown pavement type in order to make the survey independent of surface type although if an inventory exists this will be used when the surveys are processed within UKPMS Network and Location Referencing In a UKPMS accredited system a road network comprises a spatially located and uniquely labelled set of sections of highway which act as the key for referencing other related data including inventory and condition UKPMS network referencing is not prescriptive the intention being that an existing network referencing system such as those previously used for CHART or MARCH surveys can be re used or that the National Street Gazetteer can form the basis of a section based network Minimising the number of networks used within an authority helps promote exchange and integration of road related data At its stmplest UKPMS network referencing requires that the road network is referenced to a list of unique sections with some means of deriving a direction even if only in the description as described in section 7 3 Survey Direction of this chapter Additionally UKPMS provides the opportunity to introduce nodes which unambiguously define direction and connectivity betw
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