Echo Meter User Manual - Wildlife & Countryside Services
Contents
1. s uutuutiemtnhs 11 Heterodyne Monitoring 13 Playback onde het ins 14 Spectrogram Display 15 Viewing Modes and Adjustments 15 Compressed and Expanded Views 16 Viewing Past Calls alla 17 Frequency Reference Me oe nl ns tt 18 Zooming in the X and Y Axes 18 Copyright 2011 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual iii Table Of Contents RECO G scssssisascossivonssapcvnicsvasvesoenpisvecsveeduoeconcnenmcvenapiconnmennes 21 Active Recording 2 td aci 21 Recording Mods net 21 Stopping and Restarting 21 Trigger Display ii intestinais 22 Tine SAPO natos A sia 22 Tags and Voice Notes ooiminricici iniciaci n 22 Scheduled Recording iia 23 Batteries and Charging eessecesooesssessocsssesssoossoossooeessesssese 25 CATS NN 25 Monitoring Battery Lafer ais ai asas 25 Other Power Options eee 25 Elash Cards ns cl 27 Managing the Recordings ssccssscccsssescessescsssceesesees 29 Transferring the Recordings to a Computer 29 Using Sono SCOpC ra il oa Las 29 Usinge WAC2WAV lt a 29 Optional GPS Antenna eesseesssesssesssecssocesoossssesssesssosssooseo 31 Using the GPS Antena semear nana 31 Viewing the GPS Date ne ans 31 Peticion 33 A I 35 Declaration of Conformity EN 45014 39 iv Echo Meter EM3 User Manual Copyright O 2011 Introduction Introduction The Echo Meter EM3 Han2. point that constant white noise is heard RTE does not require any adjustment and this threshold has no effect on the mode In broadband mode RTE or FD the Fraction buttons can be used to select the division ratio that will be applied to the bat echolocations 1 8 1 10 1 16 1 20 The audible output of the bat echolocation will be a fraction of the original frequency dependent on this selection For example a 32kHz echolocation would be heard at 2kHz if the 1 16 division was selected The division ratio is shown to the right of the monitoring mode RTE or FD on the display Once you have selected the preferred broadband monitoring mode RTE or FD momentarily pressing the Mode button again but not holding down Echo Meter EM3 User Manual Copyright 2011 Monitoring and Playback toggles the EM3 between the selected broadband monitoring mode and HET The intended use is that you would monitor in broadband while viewing the spectrogram and then if your ears prefer zoom in acoustically on the echolocations with HET Heterodyne Monitoring Heterodyne HET is a narrow band method that lets you tune to a narrow range of ultrasonic frequencies about 8kHz range on the EM3 HET uses a tunable carrier wave to play the difference in frequency between the carrier wave and the echolocation call This allows the frequency to be shifted to an audible frequency range Using this technology small differences in the frequency of the echo
3. sensitive and lower values are more sensitive 18dB is recommended as a good starting point Next set the trigger window in seconds This is directly to the right of the amplitude threshold A triggered event will continue as long as there is activity that exceeds these amplitude and frequency thresholds and then will continue for the specified trigger window after the last trigger In other words the recording will continue as long as there is activity and then will continue for the trigger Copyright 2011 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual 7 Getting Started window after activity has no longer been detected or until the maximum duration is reached whichever comes first When the EM3 is triggered and recording a circle appears to the right of RECORD on the display The circle also appears when monitoring so you can get a sense of trigger function and adjust settings accordingly Schedule Set the start and stop time for scheduled recordings You also must enable the feature here Details on scheduled recording are in the Scheduled Recording section on page 20 Buttons This sets the functionality of the Letter buttons These buttons can function as heterodyne frequency presets or can tag a recorded file name with the button letter pressed during the recording The Letter buttons will act as tags unless a heterodyne preset has been set in the settings menu Details on tag functionality can be found on page 19 If a Heterodyne pres
4. While monitoring or recording the spectrogram is updated with new bat calls Viewing Modes and Adjustments The default view mode for the spectrogram is black on white as shown below Lf 32080 Ba MONITOR Nba 27 RTELE eR cm Lu Ces Lun HE i ms div 13156 40830 262d5H 97 74 If you press and hold the Display button the display will switch to white on black mode as shown below This mode might be preferred for use in the field as it is easier on the eyes in the dark Copyright 2011 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual 15 Spectrogram Display If you momentarily press and release the Display button you can then adjust brightness using either the Plus and Minus buttons or Up and Down buttons The contrast is adjusted using the Right and Left Arrow buttons The adjustment levels are displayed on the bottom of the screen Pressing any other button or waiting 5 seconds exits the display adjustment mode The backlight can be easily turned off by double clicking the Display button This is useful if you are monitoring without watching the screen and want to conserve power or do not want the display interfering with night vision From this state any button will restore the backlight Compressed and Expanded Views 16 Two viewing options are available compressed view and expanded view You can toggle between these options using the Compress Expand button The icon symbol to the right of the battery capacit
5. ZC In WAC files will be about 60 the size of WAV files Additionally in WAC mode the unit records continuously until the max duration is reached There is no pause time between triggers it is always ready to record Another advantage is that you can monitor uninterrupted in WAC mode whereas in WAV mode RTE output and the spectrogram will pause during the save and prepare file process this process takes under a second after each triggered recording The only disadvantage of WAC files is that they must be converted to WAV or ZC files using Wildlife Acoustics free WAC2WAV software found in the Downloads section of Wildlife Acoustics website before they can be analyzed in most popular analysis software The WAC files can however be opened in Wildlife Acoustic s Song Scope software Max dur Maximum duration sets the maximum recording time in any recording mode This can be set from 1 second to 30 minutes In WAV or WAV ZC mode this will set the maximum trigger length This can be used 6 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual Copyright 2011 Getting Started to specify a max recording size to assure compatibility with your analysis software In WAC mode this is used to set the maximum WAC recording time It will not affect trigger length Max trigger length for WAC files can be adjusted in post processing using the WAC2 WAV software It is important to note that when the batteries die during a recording that recording cannot be
6. display The spectrogram history buffer and the settings are preserved and present when you turn the unit back on Settings Press and hold the X Y button to enter the settings menu 4 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual Copyright O 2011 Getting Started The default settings are shown below Time 2000 00 40 ABB 8 84 UTC Sample pate 256k Prefix Formats WAC Max durs 30 80 Trigger kHz d 1 43 Schedule 60 00 BB Enabled Ho Buttons Ai TRG Ei TA Ct TAG Di TAG Save and exit No Erase all files Ho Set factory defaults No Use the Left and Right Arrow buttons to navigate to a setting field and the Up and Down Arrow buttons to change the setting When positioned at a left most settings field the Up and Down Arrow buttons will go to the previous and next settings row Time Set the time and date as well as the UTC Universal Time Coordinated time zone offset The UTC setting is necessary to assure the correct time display when using the GPS If the batteries are removed from the EM3 for longer then about 30 seconds the clock will cease to keep time If the clock has been reset due to extended removal of batteries or batteries that have been fully discharged the clock setting will blink 22 22 22 on the spectrogram display so you know it is incorrect and needs to be set Sample Rate Set 256kHz or 384kHz sample rate Each can record up to a maximum of half the selected sample rate i e 128kHz and 192kHz respectively The 3
7. in HET mode pressing a Letter button will simply tune the EM3 to that frequency If in broadband mode RTE or FD pressing a Letter button will switch to HET mode at that frequency in one step Additionally the detector can be fine tuned manually using the Plus and Minus buttons In HET mode the Fraction buttons have no effect Copyright 2011 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual 13 Monitoring and Playback Playback You can also playback the bat echolocations using time expansion First press the Stop button to stop recording and monitoring then scroll back in time in the spectrogram using the Left Arrow button to the area you would like to play and press the Play button You will see PLAYBACK on the top line of the display and the visible portion of the spectrogram will be played back slowed down by the selected division ration on the Fraction buttons You can also use the Up and Down Arrow buttons to zoom out the X scale in X mode to include a larger portion of the buffer in the playback It is better to be in compressed mode for playback as the space in between the echolocations will be quite long otherwise To continue monitoring press the Mode button or press the Record button to begin recording 14 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual Copyright 2011 Spectrogram Display Spectrogram Display The EM3 has an integrated real time spectrogram This allows you to see important characteristics of bat echolocation as they are happening
8. or waiting 5 seconds exits the volume adjustment mode The adjustment level is displayed on the bottom of the screen Starting and Stopping Monitoring Y To enter monitoring mode from stopped mode press the Mode button You will see MONITOR on the top line of the display This indicates that the unit is monitoring but not recording During a recording you will see RECORDING on the top line of the display indicating that the unit is both recording and monitoring To stop monitoring or recording press the Stop button In recording mode the Stop button will also stop the monitoring Recording is covered in a subsequent chapter In stopped mode the spectrogram does not update and you will see STOPPED on the top line To restart monitoring press the Mode button The unit will power down if no button is pressed in Stopped mode for a few minutes to conserve batteries Broadband Monitoring The Mode button toggles between broadband monitoring and HET monitoring Broadband monitoring allows you to hear bats at all frequencies whereas HET monitoring only plays bats around a tuned frequency Copyright 2011 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual 11 Monitoring and Playback 12 There are two broadband monitoring technologies Press and hold down the Mode button to switch between Real Time Expansion RTE and frequency division FD At the top right of the screen you will see RTE or FD with the selected division ratio see below The default br
9. view the present just double click the X Y button In Y mode the Right button zooms the Y axis zoom frequency and the Left button restores it While zoomed in the Up and Down buttons let you scroll the Y axis so you can center in on the narrower frequency band of interest There is only one zoom level on the Y axis Since the X mode will be used more commonly if left in Y mode the EM3 will revert back to X mode after a few seconds 18 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual Copyright 2011 Spectrogram Display The simulated screenshots below show the same bat echolocations in different modes of operation The first is shown with the default zoom level the next with Y zoom and finally with Y zoom and full X zoom Lf 32060 BOWELS RECORDEM 47 RTELO Lu Lael Lo qu I a g g g E 5 Lf 32h66 Ba STOPPEDOIMA 47 37 8 A e 28 con qu da cf l ms div 19156140370 26205H 97 744981 Copyright O 2011 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual 19 Spectrogram Display Lf 32060 Ga MONITORINGONMK 47 37 8 x la 1 Ems div 15 56 4643b 26205N 97 7449au In all three screenshots you can see the frequency reference line and in the last two you can also see the triangular HET frequency indicator All of the above screenshots show the display with the EM3 set to a sample rate of 256kHz At this sample rate you will see a maximum frequency on the Y scale of 120kHz If the 384kHz sample rate is selected the Y axis scale will go to a m
10. 2 hours of operating time Charging The integrated charger allows the batteries to be charged by simply attaching the included charger to the power port on the left side of the EM3 and plugging the adapter into the wall The unit will power down during the charge cycle and cannot be used The LED on the side of the unit will display amber red plus green until charging is compete at which time it will display only green Recharging dead batteries should take 3 4 hours It is recommended once a year to replace or condition the batteries in a quality charger to maintain optimal operating time It is possible to swap batteries in the field for longer life If the swapping is done within 30 seconds or so the clock will not reset All other settings will be preserved regardless of how long the batteries are absent Removing the batteries does however erase the spectrogram buffer Monitoring Battery Life The top line of the display battery icon shows the battery level in four increments When the EM3 calculates that the battery life is nearly over it will alert the user that the batteries are depleted and the unit is shutting down If recording the recording will be saved before shutdown If the EM3 is recording and the batteries are removed the recording in process will not be saved If no button is pressed in Stopped mode for a few minutes the unit will power down to conserve batteries Other Power Options The EM3 will work with dis
11. 84kHz setting will consume card space faster and the calls displayed on the spectrogram will be less smooth At the higher 384kHz sample rate the spectrogram display is not overlapped as with the 256kHz sample rate so the calls shown will appear more pixilated Copyright 2011 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual 5 Getting Started Prefix Here you can specify a filename prefix of up to 12 characters that will be prepended to the recordings filename This can be used to uniquely label recordings made by each Echo Meter e g to designate a location and or project Use the Up and Down button to scroll through the letters numbers and hyphen Use the Right button to advance to the next character space Format There are three recording formats that can be selected WAC WAV or WAV ZC In WAC mode recordings are made in Wildlife Acoustics proprietary lossless WAC compression format WACO for those familiar with Wildlife Acoustic s Song Meter passive recorders WAC files are intended to be set for long durations several minutes to 30 minutes In WAV mode a discrete WAV file is created for each trigger In WAV ZC mode an Anabat sequence file is additionally created For ZC output the division ratio used is either 8 in RTE or HET monitoring mode details on those later or twice the division ratio selected when using FD monitoring mode The best recording format is dependent on your particular needs WAC does have a few advantages over WAV
12. INGEMENT ALL OF WHICH ARE EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMED BY WAI AND ITS SUPPLIERS LIMITATION OF LIABILITY NEITHER WAI NOR ITS SUPPLIERS SHALL BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL CONSEQUENTIAL INDIRECT SPECIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES OF ANY KIND LOSS OF INFORMATION OR DATA LOSS OF REVENUE LOSS OF BUSINESS OR OTHER FINANCIAL LOSS ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SALE OR USE OF THIS PRODUCT WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE STRICT PRODUCT LIABILITY OR ANY OTHER THEORY EVEN IF WAI HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES AND EVEN IF ANY LIMITED REMEDY SPECIFIED IN THIS LICENCE AGREEMENT IS DEEMED TO HAVE FAILED OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE WATS ENTIRE LIABILITY SHALL BE LIMITED TO REPLACEMENT REPAIR OR REFUND OF THE PURCHASE PRICE PAID AT WATS OPTION IN NO EVENT SHALL WAI S LIABILITY FOR ALL DAMAGES RELATED TO THE PURCHASE OF PRODUCT EXCEED THE AMOUNT PAID FOR THE Echo Meter EM3 User Manual Copyright 2011 Warranty APPLICABLE PRODUCT THE FOREGOING LIMITATIONS WILL APPLY EVEN IF THE ABOVE STATED REMEDY FAILS OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE DISCLAIMER Some countries states or provinces do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or the limitation of incidental or consequential damages so the above limitations and exclusions may be limited in their application to you When implied warranties may not be excluded in their entirety they will be limited to the duration of the applicable written warr
13. acy in North America and Hawaii Viewing the GPS Data GPS data is logged once a second If the recordings are in WAC mode location information can be viewed in Song Scope version 3 4 or later by Copyright 2011 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual 31 Optional GPS Antenna 32 dragging the curser around the spectrogram If the recordings are in WAC mode and converted to WAV in WAC2WAV a gps txt log file with the GPS coordinates from the end of each triggered event will be generated in the converted recordings destination folder If converted to ZC the GPS coordinates will be placed within the file such that they can be natively viewed in compatible zero crossing software If recording in WAV or WAV ZC mode locations of each WAV will be stored in a gps txt log file and the location will be embedded in the ZC file Whether created on the EM3 in WAV or WAV ZC mode or in WAC2 WAV during conversion the gps txt file has the appropriate heading to allow easy conversion to Google Map or Earth files using http www gpsvisualizer com Echo Meter EM3 User Manual Copyright 2011 Specifications Specifications Dimensions e 5 7 in 14 5 cm long 3 6 in 9 1 cm wide e 1 25 in 3 2 cm high e Weight 12 oz 0 34 kg with included batteries e Operating Temperature Range 4 F to 185 F 20 C to 85 C Battery Run Time Up to 12 hours per charge e Battery Charge Time 4 hours Audio Sample Rate 256kHz or 384kHz e Microphone Direct
14. al Copyright 2011 Optional GPS Antenna Optional GPS Antenna An optional GPS antenna is available to log the GPS location of recordings and to sync the clock to the GPS time base with a less than ms error Using the GPS Antenna The GPS antenna plugs into the port on the right side of the EM3 and attaches to the back of the device with the supplied fastening dots The antenna can be extended if necessary for better placement during car transects for example using a standard CAT 5 network extension male to female cable When the GPS is plugged in a 2 will appear to the right of the time on the bottom line of the display This indicates that a GPS antenna is connected and recognized but not yet synchronized When the GPS has acquired satellites and is time synchronized the will be replaced with a Ifthe display shows a an error has occurred communicating with the antenna Check the connection and try again The latitude and longitude will be displayed to the right of the time in decimal degrees format If the GPS has been used recently in the area the position fix will take under a minute If a significant amount of time has elapsed or the GPS has been shipped some distance the GPS must download new tables In this case the first position fix can take up to 40 minutes but subsequent fixes should still occur in under a minute The GPS uses the WGS 84 coordinate system and uses WAAS mode for increased accur
15. anty This warranty gives you specific legal rights you may have other rights that may vary depending on local law Your statutory rights are not affected GOVERNING LAW This Limited Warranty shall be governed by the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts U S A and by the laws of the United States excluding their conflicts of laws principles The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is hereby excluded in its entirety from application to this Limited Warranty Wildlife Acoustics Inc 970 Sudbury Road Concord MA 01742 4939 United States of America 888 733 0200 www wildlifeacoustics com Copyright 2011 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual 37 Warranty 38 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual Copyright 2011 Declaration of Conformity EN 45014 Declaration of Conformity EN 45014 e Manufacturer Wildlife Acoustics Inc 970 Sudbury Road Concord MA 01742 4939 United States of America Declares that the following product Product Name Echo Meter Product Model Numbers EM3 Product Type Handheld Bat Detector and Recorder Conforms to the appropriate country standards and governing regulations listed below We as the manufacturer are fully responsible for the design and production of the above mentioned equipment e FCC Part 15 Class B Federal Communications Commission Rules Part 15 ICES 003 Class B 2004 Industry Canada Interference Causing Equipment Standard Digital Appa
16. at are on the flash drive Select the newest firmware and press the X Y button The EM3 will upgrade and restart Copyright 2011 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual 27 Flash Cards 28 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual Copyright 2011 Managing the Recordings Managing the Recordings Transferring the Recordings to a Computer Simply remove the flash card from the EM3 and place in a suitable card reader on your computer You can open the files directly from the card or drag and drop them onto your computer Using Song Scope Song Scope is Wildlife Acoustics licensed analysis software for recordings The WAC recordings can be viewed natively in Wildlife Acoustic s Song Scope software If the GPS antenna was used the GPS locations can also be viewed directly in Song Scope by hovering the mouse on an area of the spectrogram Tags are also directly viewable in the same way Using WAC2WAV You will also want to download and install the latest version of Wildlife Acoustic s free WAC2 WAV post processing software from the Downloads section of Wildlife Acoustic s website at www wildlifeacoustics com This software allows you to convert the EM3 WAC recordings to WAV or ZC files for analysis in the software of your choice The EM3 recordings are compatible with all popular analysis packages Use of WAC2WAV is covered in the Help of that software Copyright 2011 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual 29 Managing the Recordings 30 Echo Meter EM3 User Manu
17. aximum of 190kHz 20 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual Copyright 2011 Recording Recording Active Recording To begin a recording press the Record button This starts a recording in O WAC WAV or WAV ZC mode depending on the format selected in the settings menu Once the recording has started the elapsed time of the recording will be shown on the top line of the diplay as mm ss RECORD The recording takes under a second to start during this time you will see PREPARING on the top line of the display Note EM3 is always in Monitoring mode while in Recording mode Recording Modes In WAC mode triggered WAC files will be made back to back based on the Max Duration value in the settings menu In WAV or WAV ZC mode each trigger will be written as an individual file At the end of each trigger you will see SAVING at the top of the screen as the file is saved and PREPARING as the next file is readied When ready you will see WAIT TRIGGER as the EM3 waits for a triggered event The process of saving a file and opening a new file in between each recording takes under a second You will want to make sure that you have adjusted the zero cross threshold before recording in ZC mode This process is described in the Monitoring chapter above The default threshold setting is quite high and is unlikely to record any zero cross data If no zero crossings are recorded in ZC mode the file will not be written Stopping and Restarting To end a recor
18. dheld Ultrasonic Recorder was designed from the ground up specifically for active ultrasonic handheld monitoring It includes several technologies for monitoring bats in real time and to simultaneously record bats using both full spectrum and zero crossing technology Additionally using state of the art digital signal processing techniques the Echo Meter incorporates the first ever real time spectrogram in a handheld unit The recorder is designed for outdoor use and can handle extreme hot or cold temperatures as well as high humidity It is not however designed for use in precipitation The EM3 is shipped ready to use It includes rechargeable batteries an AC charger and a flash card The default factory settings allow you to begin monitoring bats in minutes The optional GPS accessory automatically logs your position for walking or driving transect surveys and accurately sets the EM3 s internal clock to the correct time The EM3 can be used as a short term passive recorder using a simple scheduling option For complex schedules or long term passive recording in any environment the Wildlife Acoustics Song Meter SM2BAT is a more appropriate detector Copyright 2011 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual 1 Introduction 2 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual Copyright 2011 Getting Started Getting Started Layout The layout of the EM3 inputs and buttons can be seen below The subsequent sections of this User Manual will discuss the functiona
19. ding press the Stop button pressing and holding the Power button will also stop the recording before powering down Stop will terminate any active recording and write the file Stop will also stop the monitoring mode and STOPPED will show on the top line of the display After stopping a recording you can press the Mode button to resume monitoring mode Or press Record to start a new recording and simultaneously initiate Monitoring mode Copyright 2011 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual 21 Recording Trigger Display When the EM3 is triggered a circle appears to the right of RECORD on the display The circle also appears when monitoring so you can get a sense of trigger function and adjust settings accordingly Time Stamps WAC recordings are saved in a Data folder on the flash card and have names of the form Prefix YYYYMMDD hhmmss wav where Prefix is the prefix specified in the settings menu YYYY is the year MM is the month DD is the day hh is the hour mm is the minute and ss is the second In WAC mode Echo Meter maintains the proper time so that when the triggers are viewed in Song Scope Wildlife Acoustics licensed analysis software the appropriate space is shown between triggers When WAC files are converted to WAV or ZC files using WAC2WAV the files will be time stamped in the filename with a 1 ms resolution More information on WAC2WAV can be found in the Viewing the Recordings chapter WAC2WAV will prepend the tag lette
20. display is dependent on the percentage of silent space on the display Frequency Reference Line A frequency reference line is available to aid in determining the exact frequency of a bat echolocation The Plus and Minus buttons move the reference line in RTE FD mode In HET mode however the Plus and Minus buttons control the tuning frequency To hide the reference line adjust it down and off the screen using the Minus button Press the Plus button to scroll it back to visibility Zooming in the X and Y Axes In addition to allowing you to review the spectrogram by scrolling through the buffer the Arrow buttons and X Y button allow zooming in on regions of interest The X Y button toggles the Arrow buttons between X mode and Y mode The currently selected mode can be seen in the top line of the LCD display to the right of the Compressed Expanded icon In X mode the Left button scrolls back in time the Right button scrolls forward in time the Up button zooms in and the Down button zooms out Note that everything zooms from the right edge of the screen The X axis scale is shown in the lower left corner of the display as ms div milliseconds per division or tick mark For the 384kHz sample rate setting the available divisions are 250ms 100ms 50ms 20ms 10ms 4ms 2ms and 1 5ms For the 256kHz sample rate setting the available divisions are 250ms 100ms 50ms 20ms 10ms 3ms 1 5ms and Ims If you are scrolled back in time and want to
21. e surface of the product including cracks or scratches on the outside casing 2 damage caused by misuse neglect improper installation or testing unauthorized attempts to open repair or modify the product or any other cause beyond the range of the intended use 3 damage caused by accident fire power changes other hazards or acts of God or 4 use of the product with any non WAI device or service if such device or service causes the problem Any third party products including software included with WAI products are not covered by this WAI warranty and WAI makes no representations or warranties on behalf of such third parties Any warranty on such products is from the supplier or licensor of the product EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES Should a covered defect occur during the warranty period and you notify WAI your sole and exclusive remedy shall be at WAI s sole option and expense to repair or replace the product or software If WAI cannot reasonably repair nor replace then WAI may in its sole discretion refund the purchase price paid for the product Replacement products or parts may be new or reconditioned or comparable versions of the defective item WAI warrants any replaced or repaired product part or software for a period of ninety 90 days from shipment or through the end of the original warranty whichever is longer Copyright 2011 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual 35 Warranty 36 OBTAINING WARRANTY SERVICE Customer should
22. et is set that Letter button will immediately tune to that frequency when in Heterodyne monitoring mode but will not tag When in Real Time Expansion or Frequency Division mode and a Letter button configured as a heterodyne preset is pressed the EM3 will switch to Heterodyne mode and tune to the preset frequency Save and exit To save all settings select Yes and then press the X Y button to exit the settings menu You may exit without saving the modified the settings by pressing and holding the X Y button Erase all files This will erase all files on the flash card If you select Yes and then press the X Y or Mode button all files will be erased and the EM3 will exit the settings menu 8 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual Copyright 2011 Getting Started Set factory defaults This will return all defaults to factory presets If you select Yes and then press the X Y button all settings will be returned to factory defaults and the EM3 will reboot Factory default settings include the settings found in the settings menu as well as contrast brightness display view mode zoom levels volume and several other parameters such that the EM3 will be in the same state as new Alternatively holding the Left button while removing and reinstalling a battery will restore all factory defaults as well Gain Gain is set with a three way switch on the left side of the EM3 Available gains are 36dB 30dB and 24dB The settings positions are n
23. hifted to the infrasonic range and will not be audible As there are four options available you can develop any key for the tags that make sense to you For example A might mean that it was possibly a very interesting call which you want to analyze later B might mean that it is definitely not an important recording and can be discarded etc Or you can just use one letter as a voice note button and know that any recording that is tagged includes important voice notes Scheduled Recording Scheduled recordings are enabled in the Settings menu If enabled is selected and the unit is shut down the EM3 will auto wake at the specified start time disable the monitoring output turn off the display backlight and start a recording in the selected mode WAC WAV or WAV ZC It will continue to make back to back recordings until the specified end time is reached While recording the user can interrupt and stop recording or initiate monitoring but the Echo Meter will still power off at the specified end time unless the scheduled recording setting is disabled in the Settings menu Note that if scheduled recording is not enabled schedule start and end times are ignored even if set Copyright 2011 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual 23 Recording 24 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual Copyright 2011 Batteries and Charging Batteries and Charging The EM3 includes four high capacity rechargeable NiMH AA batteries These batteries allow up to 1
24. ho ad EM3 Echo Meter User Manual Model EM3 Wildlife Acoustics Inc www wildlifeacoustics com Firmware Version 1 0 0 Copyright 2011 Wildlife Acoustics Inc Rev 12 6 11 All rights reserved Wildlife Acoustics is registered in the U S Patent and Trademark Office Song Scope Song Meter Echo Meter EM3 SM1 SM2 SM2BAT Wac2 Wav and Real Time Expansion are trademarks of Wildlife Acoustics Inc All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners U S Patent Numbers 7 454 334 and 7 782 195 Additional U S and international patents pending Electromagnetic Interference Note This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures e Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna Increase
25. ic interference with the optional GPS attached AGE lan Agranat President Wildlife Acoustics Inc November 1 2011 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual Copyright O 2011 Declaration of Conformity EN 45014 Copyright 2011 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual 41
26. ies may become hot to the touch while charging Echo Meter EM3 User Manual Copyright 2011 Flash Cards Flash Cards One SDHC or SDXC card can be used for recording The EM3 includes a 4GB card suitable for a night or two of bat recording For scheduled recordings SDHC cards are available up to 32GB and SDXC cards are available up to 128GB to allow weeks of recording A very general rule of thumb for memory consumption with average bat activity using the recommended trigger level settings is 2GB of card use per night in WAC mode and double that in WAV or WAV ZC modes At this time SDXC cards must be reformatted to FAT32 format to work properly Information on how to do this is available on our Users Forum at www wildlifeacoustics com Support of native SDXC format is planned for a future firmware release On the display card status is either xxx yyyGB zz to indicate xxx used of yyy total GB and zz full or one of the following e NOCARD card not present e CARD ERROR problem mounting card FILE ERROR problem while writing file to card e NEW CARD if you remove a card and replace it with a new card this is the status until you actually start recording The flash card is also used to upgrade the unit s firmware To upgrade put the EM3 firmware image on the flash card in your computer Turn the EM3 off and insert the card into the EM3 Now turn the EM3 on while holding the Up Arrow button You will see any firmware files th
27. ionality Optimal signal is 30 vertically and 60 horizontally e Effective Microphone Bandwidth 1kHz to 192kHz e Microphone Frequency response Echo Meter EM3 Frequency Response Relative Sensitivity dB o 25 20 000 40 000 60 000 80 000 100 000 120 000 140 000 160 000 180 000 Frequency Hz Copyright O 2011 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual 33 Specifications 34 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual Copyright 2011 Warranty Warranty Wildlife Acoustics Inc Limited Warranty HARDWARE Wildlife Acoustics Inc WAI warrants to the original end user Customer that new WAI branded products will be free from defects in workmanship and materials under normal use for one 1 year from the original purchase date WAI warrants refurbished WAI products marked and sold as such for ninety 90 days from the original purchase date SOFTWARE WAI warrants to Customer that any WAI branded software will perform in substantial conformance to their program specifications for a period of ninety 90 days from the date of original purchase WAI warrants the media containing software against failure during the warranty period WAI makes no warranty or representation that the operation of the software products will be uninterrupted or error free or that all defects in the software products will be corrected EXCLUSIONS This warranty excludes 1 physical damage to th
28. lity behind the buttons in detail Buttons and Ports ECHOMETER EM3 A 12 3268 0x MONITORINGAN XC 27 RTEL6 Microphone Input P 7 awe ey o E ai y t Real time Spectrogram Gain Switch E 7 gt 13 Headphone Input gt 4 1 NA vi NE 2 o GPS Input 28 sea is 1bns div 19156 4030 26205N 97 744904 AC DC Charger gt Input E GOD D 4 Compress Expand Button Power 4 8 ano 116 4 20 tel Fraction Buttons Record Stop Buttons pay Mode MODE Plus Buttons XN Minus Up Down Buttons o lt Letter Buttons Left wild h oe ae Display amp Volume Buttons Right Speen Copyright 2011 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual 3 Getting Started Display Battery Indicator Trigger Indicator Compressed Expanded Axis Indicator Mode A 4 Optimal HET Lf F206 Aa STOPPEDMEUX 4 a Freq Waveform SEE E made Card Capacity I 8 EI UMES 1811 61 i ms div 1915614050 262d5H Ar 74 ol A HET Freq X Scale GPS Status Buffer Location GPS Location Indicator A Powering Up To power on the unit press the Power button until you see the Wildlife Acoustics splash screen After a few seconds you will see the spectrogram The first time you power up the unit it will be in monitoring mode When the unit is powered down it will remember its last mode for the next power up To turn off the EM3 just press and hold tshe power button until you see Shutting Down on the top of the
29. location can sound quite dramatic in the audible output signal For example if the HET is tuned to 50kHz and a bat echolocates at 51kHz the EM3 will play back at the difference of 1kHz If another bat echolocates at 55kHz it will be heard as 5kHz Even though the frequencies of the original call are only 10 different the sound played for the user is 500 different Because of this effect HET can be a useful tool to differentiate species with similar calls at similar but different frequencies Also small variations in the call frequency are sometime indicative of species and are exaggerated by this effect HET mode has three methods of tuning the frequency auto preset and manual When you press Mode to enter HET mode the EM3 automatically calculates the optimal HET frequency for that bat pass and tunes the HET frequency to that value To retune to a new frequency of a new bat pass double click the Mode button this is really switching the EM3 into broadband mode and then back again to HET This estimated optimal frequency is displayed in parentheses in the top right of the display and is shown in all monitoring modes The tuned HET frequency is shown to the right of that with a 1 Hz resolution and is only shown in HET mode There is also a triangular indicator on the Y axis indicating the tuned frequency You can also go to HET mode by pressing one of the Letter buttons if you have configured the button as a HET preset in the Settings menu If
30. oadband monitoring mode is RTE RTE is a patent pending method of acoustically delivering the maximum amount of spectral and temporal information of the bat echolocation in real time It is the closest thing to having bat ears The ultrasonic signal is expanded in sub millisecond scales such that the echolocation is actually expanded into the silences between the echolocation calls Alternatively you can select Frequency Division FD as the broadband monitoring mode FD also known as zero crossing is a method of converting calls to the audible range by detecting the zero crossing of the ultrasonic signal to produce a square wave dividing the square wave by the division ratio and then playing back the divided square wave through a filter Before the advent of more sophisticated microprocessors FD was the only method for monitoring broad spectrum This technology does not provide as much tonality as RTE but is provided for those accustomed to this method FD requires that a threshold be set such that only higher amplitude waveforms result in a zero crossing If the crossing was truly zero the output would be only white noise and no bats would be heard To set the frequency division sensitivity threshold press and hold the speaker button to go to FDADJ FD adjustment mode Now the Plus and Minus buttons can be used to adjust the threshold while you listen to frequency division output You want to set the threshold a couple levels above the
31. ot in that order Positions are shown on the label on the bottom of the unit The EM3 ships with 36dB set as a default and this is optimal for most cases If a loud bat echolocates very close to the microphone clipping may occur and the gain should be set lower for better recording quality SM2BAT users note that these gain settings do not equate to the same settings on an SM2BAT as the EM3 microphone has a different circuit and is more sensitive than an SMX US Copyright 2011 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual 9 Getting Started 10 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual Copyright 2011 Monitoring and Playback Monitoring and Playback The EM3 can convert ultrasonic bat echolocations to audible frequencies in real time using three technologies heterodyne HET frequency division FD or Wildlife Acoustics Real Time Expansion RTE Regardless of which monitoring technology is selected the unit can simultaneously record in full spectrum and optionally zero crossing to the flash card Calls can also be made audible using time expansion playback Volume and Output source Sounds can be monitored through the speaker on the back of the unit or through headphones via the standard stereo headphone connector on the left side of the unit Inserting headphones will mute the speaker To adjust volume for either press the Speaker button and then press either the Plus Minus buttons or the Up Down buttons to adjust the volume Pressing any other button
32. posable alkaline AA batteries but the battery icon was designed for the included batteries and will not be accurate WARNING Never plug in the included charger if non rechargeable Alkaline batteries are installed The EM3 can also be powered from the power port using a 6V DC supply When used with a 6V supply the unit will remain powered up When used with the included 9V supply the unit is powered down when charging Copyright 2011 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual 25 Batteries and Charging 26 WARNING Charge only rechargeable nickel metal hydride batteries in the EM3 Charging any other type of rechargeable or non rechargeable disposable batteries may cause them to leak rupture or explode resulting in risk of fire property damage injury or death WARNING Do not use the charger if the LED indicator does not remain continuously red plus green amber during the entire charging cycle If the red light blinks on and off while charging the EM3 could be damaged and may cause batteries to leak rupture or explode resulting in risk of fire property damage injury or death WARNING Charge only on a fireproof surface and away from flammable material The EM3 battery charger is designed to terminate the charging process when batteries are fully charged however in the event of a defect or damage to the batteries or the EM3 batteries could become extremely hot resulting in risk of fire property damage injury or death WARNING Batter
33. r see next section to the filename if split triggers is selected In WAV or WAV ZC mode the files are saved to the Data folder and the filenames follow the same convention as above but prepend __ in front of the year and add A_ B C D if tagged using the tagging feature Tags and Voice Notes The Echo Meter has the ability to tag a recording to aid in organization of your files The Letter buttons are used to tag the individual triggers This allows you to efficiently sort tagged recordings during analysis If in WAC mode pressing a Letter button will save that information in the WAC file such that when the WAC is converted to WAV or ZC files with split trigger selected in WAC2 WAV the tag letter will be prepended to the filename of the resultant WAV or ZC files Ifin WAV or WAV ZC mode the letter will be prepended to the respective recording file name on the card Additionally holding down any Letter button will extend the trigger window until the button is released If you speak while holding down the Letter button your voice will be recorded along with the ultrasonic 22 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual Copyright 2011 Recording signal so you can effectively record a voice note with the bat calls inside the trigger recording When listening in the bat analysis software of your choice at real speed you will hear your voice and no bats If the recording is played slowed down you will hear the bats but your voice will be s
34. ratus EN 55011 Class B 2007 Industrial scientific and medical ISM radio frequency equpment Electromagnetic distrubance characteristics Limits and methods of measurement AS NZS CISPR 11 Class B2004 Industrial scientific and medical ISM radio frequency equipment electromagnetic distrubance characteristics limits and methods of measurement Copyright 2011 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual 39 Declaration of Conformity EN 45014 40 CISPR Publication 11 2003 A2 2006Industrial scientific and e EN 61326 1 2006 EN 61000 4 2 e EN 61000 4 3 medical ISM radio frequency equpment Electromagnetic distrubance characteristics Limits and methods of measurement Electrical Equipment for Measurement Control and Laboratory Use EMC Requirements Electrostatic Discharge ESD 4kV Contact Discharge 8kV Air Discharge 4kV Horizontal and Vertical Couppling Planes HCP and VCP respectively Radiated Electromagnetic Fields 3 V m 80 to 1000 MHz 3 V m 1 4 GHz to 2 GHz 1 V m 2 GHz to 2 7 GHz This class B digital apparatus also meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference Causing Equipment Regulations Cet appareil numerique de la Classe A respecte toutes les exigences du Reglement sur le materiel brouilleur du Canada This product operates on 6V DC This product was tested in a typical configuration Note that there may be some undesirable recording quality when subjected to electromatnet
35. refer to WAI s website at www wildlifeacoustics com support for information on obtaining warranty service authorization Methods for obtaining warranty service may vary depending on whether purchases were made from an authorized provider of WAI products or from WAI directly All requests for warranty service authorization must be made within the applicable warranty period Dated proof of original purchase will be required Products or parts shipped by Customer to WAI must be sent postage paid and packaged appropriately for safe shipment WAL is not responsible for Customer products received without a warranty service authorization and may be rejected Repaired or replacement products will be shipped to Customer at WAI s expense All products or parts that are replaced become the property of WAI WAI shall not be responsible for Customer s software firmware information or memory data contained in stored on or integrated with any products returned to WAI for repair whether under warranty or not The repair and replacement process for products or parts in locations outside of the United States will vary depending on Customer s location WARRANTIES EXCLUSIVE THE FOREGOING WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES TERMS OR CONDITIONS EXPRESS IMPLIED OR STATUTORY INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ACCURACY CORRESPONDENCE WITH DESCRIPTION SATIS FACTORY QUALITY AND NON INFR
36. the separation between the equipment and receiver Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected e Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help Use of ferrite clamped headphone and microphone cables are required to comply with the Class B limits in part 15 of the FCC rules A Fair Rite 0431173951 ferrite clamp or equivalent must be placed on the headphone and or microphone cables with the ferrite residing within one loop of the cable This ferrite clamp is included with Wildlife Acoustics microphone cables Modifications not expressly approved by the manufacturer could void the user s authority to operate the equipment under FCC rules Table Of Contents Table Of Contents Introducido 1 A A 3 LAU Ri 3 Buttons and Ports es secs cosa eia Ness 3 Display nes eat a a 4 Powering LD sea RR qa Sd 4 SELOS aera ne ee ERT ee CR ee 4 MARS nn et M RR RR a 5 Sample Rate 5 A O ange yeaa thay ava LE dena 6 Format a a a TA a eee 6 MURS e a 6 FROST nn dd de 7 Schedule niren raise du naaa a da 8 CUS tt pa ta 8 Save ANG tas 8 Erase all ES Lad a de 8 Set factory defaults alerts 9 VAN en ee eae aa era iy Rel aie leh ag 9 Monitoring and Playback ccsscscssccssccscsscssssesseeseees 11 Volume and Output source oocococccoocccoccconncconocanaconnccononnnos 11 Starting and Stopping Monitoring ooococococcncnnononnnonncnnccnnos 11 Broadband Monitofing
37. time can be up to a few minutes depending on bat activity The buffer is saved when the EM3 is powered off so when it is turned back on past calls are preserved Note that when scrolled back to the back ofthe buffer to view past calls and still monitoring the end ofthe buffer is moving with the new data being monitored as it is finite in length When what you are viewing at the end of the buffer is overwritten the display will start to scroll forward in time with the new data This can give the impression that you are viewing real time data when in fact you are viewing old data that is scrolling After reviewing past calls you can jump to the front of the buffer to display real time data by double clicking the X Y button A scrollbar indicator shown as a black horizontal line on the X axis of the spectrogram indicates where you are in time as you scroll back through the spectrogram buffer The width of the bar shows how much of the buffer you are viewing and the location shows the relative location in the buffer If zoomed all the way out such that you were viewing the entire buffer on the spectrogram the black bar would cover the entire width of the X axis In expanded mode the behavior might seem odd as the relative width changes as you scroll back This is because the silent spaces between echolocations Copyright 2011 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual 17 Spectrogram Display are stored efficiently thus the amount of the buffer shown on the
38. written to the card and is lost For this reason you may want to set the max duration setting lower in WAC so as to prevent data loss There will be a couple seconds in between each WAC file where data will not be recorded Trigger These are the recording trigger settings that determine what the EM3 considers a triggered event for recording The triggers allow significant reductions in file size by only recording when there is bat activity Note that these settings have no effect on what will be displayed on the spectrogram or presented in the speaker headphone audio The EM3 monitors the spectral noise across the frequency spectrum When a signal is detected that is both above the specified trigger frequency in kHz and is at least the specified level threshold in dB above the ambient background levels a trigger is detected and the unit will begin recording The recording will continue until no trigger is detected for the specified trigger window period of time or until the maximum duration see above has been reached To enable a recording trigger first set the frequency threshold in kHz This is the setting directly to the right of Trigger This should be set lower than the frequency of any echolocation of interest Note that lower values may result in false triggers from low frequency noise sources Next set the amplitude threshold for the trigger This is directly to the right of the frequency threshold Higher values are less
39. y symbol on the top line of the LCD display shows which view you are in Compressed view is shown as two straight lines and expanded view as three straight lines The compressed view removes the silent intervals between bat calls in the spectrogram so you can see more calls on the display Expanded view shows the calls in real time This is useful to understand inter echolocation timing In expanded view the window might display just the empty space between bat calls so in this view it is better to zoom out Zooming is described below The same bat pass is shown in the two screenshots below The first screenshot shows compressed view and the second expanded view Lf 32660 Aa MONITORING mal 4S RTELO a _ 9 a A am E Ei ik E AS RUE A NS A es da H 1 r 4 i i e Me S ms dis 19156140430 26205N 97 794901 Echo Meter EM3 User Manual Copyright 2011 Spectrogram Display Lf 32060 84 MONITOR INDOQUAO 47 RTELE Time ae ade a me a ma DEE PE E ES ii es pare LE S ms diy 19 56 40420 26205N 97 74490 Viewing Past Calls While continuing to acquire new bat calls you can scroll back in time to review recent bat activity by pressing the Left Arrow button Pressing and holding the Right or Left Arrow buttons will allow you to scroll more quickly through the spectrogram The system can store about 5 seconds of continuous bat signals but by compressing the silent intervals between bat calls the actual
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