Home

CodeWarrior for Microcontrollers V10 Processor Expert User Manual

1. 37 A recent DEI 13 Logical Device Drivers l l 39 Low level components 37 Low speed mode ___ _ 43 Low level access ll 86 Manifest constants _ 82 MOULE mr cet hk Eu ote Nk 12 Memory map coc 32 Methods slo lise a bs 12 Methods and events coco 35 Methods and events usage 77 Module oat Aa cet cio eee es Bice eet elie 12 MONS on HCO8 coco 67 Optimizing communication components 85 Optimizing port I O 1 2222 22 22 lll 84 Optimizing timers _ 84 PDD E Sere Seid soos ol rosea aie as 87 PE Project storage _ 89 Peripheral direct control Lic 87 Peripheral initialization lll 33 Peripheral initialization components 37 Pin Sharhi sera eod dodana ea aa dcs 57 PLES cite A ENA N AEA ate eee 12 AAA ek a r a E 4 Porperty types oc seule Pee 23 Predefined symbols 2 l c 75 Prescaler i2 ul eo See cee enone eee 12 Priorities il sicco nme ae CI te ee 46 Processor Expert tab Loco 18 Project tile sl eae aos bas 89 Projectoptions 1 iia 17 Project panel 2 eee eee ee eee eee 18 Properties 5o ee ccc c eese e 12 Quickstaktz viam usato LAURO rm 34 Reserving CPU resources 25 Reset scenario 58 60 RS08 implementation details _ 68 RS081imers
2. CPU Internal Peripherals 2 Communication 3 Converter El ADC Y aoc 3 Display Qu 3 Interrupts Y eunt GD el m Measurement 2 3 1 Component Assistant The Component Assistant is a mode of Components Library window It guides the user during the selection of components that is basic application building blocks The user answers a series of questions that finally lead to a selection of a component that suits best for a required function In this mode the Components Library window consists of the following parts Control bar with the history navigation buttons and the history line showing answers for already answered questions The user can walk through the history using the arrow buttons and by clicking the individual items A box with a current question e A list of available answers for the current question If the answer already corresponds to a single component it has an icon of the component and there is a component name at the end of the list line and user double clicks it its added into the project Also you can right click on the line to open the pop up menu of the component allowing to add it into the project or spf z Processor Expert User Manual User Interface view its documentation for details see 2 3 Components Library View help page If more questions are necessary for the component selection the line with the answer contains a group icon 9 a
3. SW Components encapsulating a pure software algorithms or inheriting a hardware dependent components for accessing peripherals These components along with components created by the user can be found in a components library in the folder SW Specific functionality of the CPU derivative may be supported as a version specific settings of the component For more information about this feature please refer to Version specific parts in the component documentation or Components Implementation help chapter Levels of Abstraction Processor Expert provides components with several levels of abstraction and configuration comfort LDD components Logical Device Drivers The LDD components are efficient set of components that are ready to be used together with RTOS They provide a unified hardware access across MCUSs allowing to develop simpler and more portable RTOS drivers or bare board application See 5 2 7 2 Logical Device Drivers for details High Level Components Components that are the basic set of components designed carefully to provide functionality to most microcontrollers in market An application built from these components can be easily ported to another microcontroller supported by the Processor Expert This basic set contains for example components for simple I O operations BitIO BitsIO BytelO timers EventCounter TimerInt FreeCntr TimerOut PWM PPG Capture WatchDog communication AsynchroSerial SynchroMa
4. 20 Adding CPU zarati ai rte cene la a 42 Application design 2 2 34 Application options 17 Available components _ 20 20 Basic principles 2 22 2 2 2 2 l l 35 Benefits eterea cia arar a aia ia mmus 10 Building application 34 Building blocks 2 2 2 2 ee eee 35 Bus clock 22 2 mI led weed EE 11 CH fe Llc mtt Ut A 82 Changelog ai o VI 74 Changes in generated code _ __ 82 Changing target CPU __ ccoo 42 Choosing a component 20 20 Code generation __ 72 72 ColdFire V1 implementation details _ 62 ColdFire V1 timers LL 64 Component l l ii ri a E a 11 Component Assistant 21 Component categories 2 l l 37 Component Inspector 22 25 Component levels occ 37 Component optimizations 82 Component related keywords 20 Component selection ooo 20 Component sharing 2 2 eee ee eee 55 Component templates _ 53 Component usage __ 77 Component Wizard Loco 96 Components Library 20 Concepts comicios LUE 8 Configuration inspector 2 2 2 2 eee 29 Configurations 2 22 2 222 22 22 ll eee eee 49 Configuring Components _ _ 44 Control registers 22 22 ee ee ee lll 87 Converting to P
5. During the design all the timing related settings for such a component are checked to be correct in all the speed modes that the component supports and the component is enabled in these modes If the speed mode is changed the current timing components are preserved recalculated to be the same in the new speed mode except the timing that is set at runtime from interval If the CPU speed mode is changed to a mode that the component does not support for any reason the component is disabled right after the CPU speed mode is changed Otherwise the component is enabled Before or after the speed mode is changed the BeforeNewSpeed and AfterNewSpeed event functions are called 3 3 Configuring Components Configuring the components in the project is one of the main activities in Processor Expert It affects the initialization run time behavior and range of functionality available to the user of the generated code For the description of the user interface of the components settings please see the chapters 2 2 Project Panel View and 2 4 3 Component Inspector The following sub chapters provide hints and information about how to configure the Embedded Components used in the project correctly and effectively nterrupts and Events Configurations Design Time Checking Consequences and Benefits Timing Settings Creating User Component Templates Signal Names Component Inheritance and Component Sharing Pin Sharing
6. This chapter contains implementation details for Embedded Components and Processor Expert generated code The following subchapters describe Reset Scenario with PE for HC S 08 and RS08 Reset Scenario with PE for ColdFire and Kinetis MCUs Version Specific Information for Freescale HC S 08 and ColdFire V1 derivatives Version Specific Information for RS08 Version Specific Information for Kinetis Additional implementation specific information can be found on individual component documentation pages 3 4 1 Reset Scenario with PE for HC S 08 and RS08 58 Application Design Processor Expert User Manual icati i Legend CPU reset EntryPoint First level of PE initialization PLL ext bus C startup function Initialization of the stack pointer runtime librarieg memories Second level of PE initialization A User s code A Initialization code generated by Processor Expert User code before PE init User code after PE init User event if enabled NM User application code in event module Call of a method or occurence of an event Return from method event or interrupt Interrupt Figure 3 14 Reset sequence diagram with Processor Expert _EntryPoint function The _EntryPoint function is called as the first function after the reset This function is defined in the cpu module usually Cpu c and provides necessary system initia
7. that finally lead to a selection of a component that suits best for a required function See 2 3 1 Component Assistant for details e CPUs Contains list of the available CPU components Component names are colored black and the component template names are colored blue The components that are not supported for the currently selected target CPU are gray By double clicking on the component it is possible to insert the component into the current project The description of the component is shown in a hint 20 Processor Expert User Manual User Interface Filtering Filter can be activated using the filtering icon Y If it s active only the components that could be used with the currently selected target CPU derivative are shown If the filter is inactive Processor Expert also shows components that are not available for the current CPU Pop up menu A pop up menu opens by right clicking a component or folder It contains the following commands e Add to project Adds the component to the current project Expand all Expands the folder and all its subfolders Collapse all Collapses the folder and all its subfolders Refresh Refreshes the view area Deleted Selected Template This option is available only for templates Removes the template from the Components Library Help on component Opens help information for the selected component Components Library X a E d oM CPU External Devices
8. Processor Expert User Manual Application Design Example Suppose there is a configuration named Testing case We use a component and part of our code using the component only in the Testing case configuration Then we make the testing case configuration active After the successful code generation the CPU H file contains the following definition Active configuration define symbol define PEcfg Testingcase 1 The parts of the code intended to be used only in this configuration need to be surrounded with the following lines ifdef PEcfg TestingCase Component MethodCall endif 3 3 3 Design Time Checking Consequences and Benefits During the design time Processor Expert performs instant checking of the project As a result of this checking error messages may appear in the Error Window or directly in the third column of the Component Inspector on the faulty items line Sometimes it may happen that only one small change in the project causes several general error messages The most common reasons for this behavior are stated below On Chip Peripherals Some components use on chip peripherals In the Component Inspector you can choose from all possible peripherals that can be used for implementation of the function of the current component Processor Expert provides checking for required peripheral features such as word width and stop bit for serial channel pull resistor for I O pin and others Processor Ex
9. This component will initialize the pin In the properties of other components that use the pin the pin has to be marked as shared by clicking the sharing icon on the right side see the picture below Pin sharing can be set in the component inspector The Component Inspector must be switched into the EXPERT view mode and then the pin sharing button must be pressed down The figure below displays the Pin Sharing button at the right side of the second column IT He RxD GPIOB6_RXDO_SDA_CLKIN PX GPIOBE_AXDO_SDA_CLKIN Figure 3 13 Pin Sharing Button Pin sharing is advanced usage of the CPU peripherals and should be done only by skilled users Pin sharing allows advanced usage of the pins even on small CPU packages and allows application specific usage of the pins ConnectPin Method It s necessary to invoke the component method ConnectPin to connect a component to the shared pin It s also necessary to invoke the main component method to connect pin back to the main component In fact the peripherals can usually operate simultaneously but they have no connection to the shared pins unless the ConnectPin method is executed In case that all components control the shared pin using one peripheral it s not necessary to use the ConnectPin method Shared pins are presented in the Target CPU view as well The component to pin connection line is red 57 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design 3 4 Implementation Details
10. may support speed modes defined in the CPU component in EXPERT view level The event BeforeNewSpeed is invoked before the speed mode changes and AfterNewSpeed is invoked after the speed mode changes Speed mode may be changed using the CPU component methods SetHigh SetLow or SetSlow EVENT C int changing speed mode 0 void B1 BeforeNewSpeed void changing_speed_mode void B1_AfterNewSpeed void changing_speed_mode Note If the speed mode is not supported by the component the component functionality is disabled as if the method Disable is used If the supported speed mode is selected again the component status is restored TRUE and FALSE Values of bool Type Processor Expert defines the TRUE symbol as 1 however true and false logical values in C language are defined according to ANSI C False is defined as 0 zero True is any non zero value It follows from this definition that the bool value cannot be tested using the expressions such as if value TRUE Processor Expert methods returning bool value often benefit from this definition and they return any non zero value as TRUE value instead of 1 The correct C expression for such testis if value In our documentation the true or false are considered as logical states not any particular numeric values The capitalized TRUE and FALSE are constants defined as FALSE 0 and TRUE 1 79 Processor Expert User Manual Application Desig
11. 2z2l22 222 14 2429 des 69 TOS iO Set A ita ok EE 12 Shared ancestor component oo 55 56 Sharing pins with multiple components 57 Signals zicdhuluGdElaocimecmmeevenbcuimE 54 Slow speed mode ___ __ 43 Speed modes eee eee 43 Target CPUs aro as a ccc erem 30 12 Target switching occ 49 Template tia lata ta she Soa 12 A A qnum c eim ds 11 GK 3 oe e as eL ira nti eee 29 TIMING 220 a ote ode 26 51 Timing units Loco eee eee 29 Tracking changes __ _ _ 74 Tutorial 2 2 2022 oie he ee Se 90 Used CPU resources ll l 25 User interface ucc elec be ele weed 16 User module Loc 12 User modules 34 Xtal 12 Index Processor Expert User Manual Index 98 Processor Expert User Manual Index 99
12. If the timer is shared the interrupt may be disabled if it is not also shared Communication components such as serial or CAN communication peripheral is disabled Conversion components such as A D and D A converter is disabled The conversion is restarted by Enable If the component is disabled some methods may not be used Please refer to components documentation for details MAIN C void main void B1 Enable enable the component functionality handle the component data or settings Bl Disable disable the component functionality Methods EnableEvent DisableEvent These methods enable or disable invocation of all component events These methods are usually supported only if the component services any interrupt vector The method DisableEvent may cause disabling of the interrupt if it is not required by the component functionality or shared with another component The method usually does not disable either peripheral or the component functionality MAIN C void main void B1 EnableEvent enable the component events component events may be invoked Bl DisableEvent disable the component events component events are disabled 78 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design Events BeforeNewSpeed AfterNewSpeed Timed components that depend on the MCU clock such as timers communication and conversion components
13. Memory Map VIEW cl dia MET e 32 2 7 Peripheral Initialization View oooccccicicccocccccc cocoa caco 33 3 Application Design 34 3 1 Quick Start in Processor Expert cotarro citen 34 3 2 Basic Principles sts ote std StS Des ee Eee MOSS 35 3 2 1 Embedded Components _ 2 22 oo 35 3 2 1 1 Component Categories 2 ccc cll roo 37 3 2 1 2 Logical Device Drivers coco 39 3 2 2 CPU Components 2 llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll2l ll22 2221 22 41 3 2 2 1 CPU Properties Overview ccoo co 43 3 2 2 2 Speed Modes Support eee ee ees 43 3 3 Configuring Components ocio coco 44 3 3 1 Interrupts and Events Loc lll ee ssl 45 3 3 1 1 Processor Expert Priority System occ 46 3 9 2 CONMGUIALIONS coo Ace Wa ret Cs er le ent Et aa ee ee Panes Mae Moan dia ELI 49 3 3 3 Design Time Checking Consequences and Benefits occ 50 3 3 4 TIMING S tlINGS scole ce ceed eda doce tele ie eee ieee RUIT eee as 51 3 3 5 Creating User Component Templates ooo eee ee eee eee eee eee wees 53 3 9102 SighaliNammieso e Aone ice A A Meee ee aL e 54 3 3 7 Component Inheritance and Component Sharing _ 55 3 3 8 Pin Sharilig sc oou oe a Seem ato ia 57 3 4 Implementation Details o 2 2 eee ee eee 58 3 4 1 Reset Scenario with PE for HC S 08 and RS08 ocio 58 3 4 2 Reset Scenario with PE for ColdFire and Kinetis MCUs 60 3 4 3 Version Specific Information for Fre
14. selected timer between 2 PPG components it would be impossible to set the PPG period for such two components separately More information about this component can be found in chapter Timers e PWM In contrast to the PPG components it is possible for the PWM components to share the selected timer since they do not have the SetPeriod method More information about this component can be found in chapter Timers EventCntr16 Since the timer overflow flag is set when the timer reaches a value of 65535 the maximum number of events that can be counted by this component is limited to 65534 value of 65535 is marked as invalid as the method GetNumEvents returns the ERR OVERFLOW value as its result More information about this component can be found in chapter Timers e TimeDate It is recommended to make a setting close to 10 ms resolution provided by GetTime SetTime methods Smaller values unnecessarily overload the system WatchDog When the Watchdog component is added to the project it is automatically enabled The enabling code is placed in the CPU initialization code Note Watchdog is enabled by a write to the configuration register This register can be written only once after CPU reset Since the register also contains other bits that are written during the CPU initialization the watchdog must be enabled when CPU is initialized The property CPU clock speed selection has no effect because the COP timer clock source is CGMXCLK Asy
15. standalone peripherals virtual devices and pure software algorithms These facilities are interfaced to the user through properties methods and events It is very similar to objects in the Object Oriented Programming OOP concept Easy Initialization A user can initialize components by setting their initialization properties in the Component Inspector Processor Expert generates the initialization code for the peripherals according to the properties of the appropriate components User can decide whether the component will be initialized automatically at startup or manually by calling the component s Init method Easy On chip Peripherals Management Processor Expert knows exactly the relation between the allocated peripherals and the selected components When the user selects a peripheral in the component properties Processor Expert proposes all the possible candidates but signals which peripherals are allocated already with the icon of the component allocating the peripheral PE also signalizes peripherals that are not compatible with the current component settings with a red exclamation mark In the case of an unrealizable allocation an error is generated Unlike common libraries Embedded Components are implemented for all possible peripherals with optimal code The most important advantages of the generated modules for driving peripherals are that you can Select any peripheral that supports component function and change it whe
16. 22222 2222 eee eee eee ee 85 3 8 Low level Access to Peripherals _ 0 2 002020 ce cece eee e ence eee e eens 86 3 8 1 Physical Device Drivers 2 lll lllllllllll ee 87 3 8 2 Direct Access to Peripheral Registers _ 2 2 2 eee lll lll eee eee 87 3 9 Processor Expert Files and Directories _ 222 2 22 2 2222 2 22 eee eee 89 4 Processor Expert Tutorials 90 4 1 Tutorial Project 1 for Kinetis Microcontrollers 2 2 222 2 90 4 1 1 Tutorial Project 1 for Kinetis Step 1 occ 90 4 1 2 Tutorial Project 1 for Kinetis Step 2 2 222 eee ee eee 91 4 1 3 Tutorial Project 1 for Kinetis Step 3 ooo 92 4 1 4 Tutorial Project 1 for Kinetis Step 4 coccion 93 5 Component Wizard Description 96 Processor Expert User Manual Introduction 1 Introduction Both hardware and software design have progressed so much with the ever advancing new technologies emerging everyday but their interrelationships and interdependence have been mostly neglected On one hand we often see a good new hardware architecture but the software design is too expensive for such an architecture On the other hand the computerization of nearly all mechanical gadgets all over the modern world leads to the use of embedded computer systems In situations where expense is a consideration embedded computer systems with efficient software can significantly reduce the overall design cost Processor Expert
17. 5 Component Wizard Description Component Wizard is a tool dedicated to the creation and edition of Embedded Components See 3 2 Embedded Components for details It provides a powerful interface for the composition of new components and generates the component files Using Component Wizard the user can create new components very quickly and easily without errors in the generated files The user needs only to determine the Properties Methods and Events and write the necessary implementations of the methods and events Component Wizard facilitates the reusability of existing Components and helps edit the source code quick location editor Component Wizard is an external tool not a part of Processor Expert For further information see Component Wizard Help Component Wizard 1 33 Component TwoKeys 3 loj x File Edit Tools Help 9 D elk Common Properties Property types Methods Events User Types Constants Drivers Documentation List of methods Properties of the selected method generate code Hint generate code Details This method enables the component GelVal SEG RIE IsInDefinitionModule E eee Method Name Enable PublicMethod True x RetumType void Symbol Enable zl Delete parameter Add Delete Add parameter void Enable void 96 Processor Expert User Manual INDEX Adding components _ _
18. CPU ticks A unit derived from the frequency of external clock source If there is no external clock enabled or available it is derived from the value of internal clock source A value must be followed by ticks e Hertz A value must be followed by Hz e kilohertz A value must be followed by kHz megahertz A value must be followed by MHz bit second A value must be followed by bits kbit second A value must be followed by kbits Example If you want to specify 100 milliseconds enter 100 ms For more details on timing configuration please see the chapter 3 3 4 Timing Settings 2 4 4 Configuration Inspector Configuration Inspector is a variant of an Inspector Window It shows the settings that belong to one configuration It could be invoked from configurations pop up menu in the Project Panel Click on a configuration with the right button and choose the Configuration Inspector For details on configurations please see the chapter 3 3 2 Configurations Properties The Properties tab contains optimization settings related to the configuration These setting should be used when the code is already well debugged They could increase speed of the code but the generated code is less protected for the unexpected situations and finding errors could be more difficult Please note that some of the options may not be present for all Processor Expert versions Ignore range checking This option can disable generation of t
19. Code Warrior plug in is designed for rapid application development of embedded applications for a wide range of microcontrollers and microprocessor systems Processor Expert Main features The application is created from components called Embedded Components Embedded Components encapsulate functionality of basic elements of embedded systems like CPU core CPU on chip peripherals FPGA standalone peripherals virtual devices and pure software algorithms and change these facilities to properties methods and events like objects in OOP Processor Expert suggests connects and generates the drivers for embedded system hardware peripherals or used algorithms This allows the user to concentrate on the creative part of the whole design process e Processor Expert allows true top down style of application design the user starts the design directly by defining the application behavior instead of spending days just trying to make the chip work Processor Expert works with an extensible components library of supported microprocessors peripherals and virtual devices Processor Expert Peripheral Initialization components generate effective initialization code for all on chip devices and support all their features Logical Device Drivers LDD components are efficient set of Embedded Components that are ready to be used together with RTOS They provide a unified hardware access across MCUs allowing to develop simpler and more port
20. More information about Embedded components can be found in Processor Expert 96 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design 3 2 1 1 Component Categories Components Library Categories Complete list of the component categories and corresponding components can be found in the Component Categories page of the Components Library The components are categorized based on their functionality so you can find an appropriate component for a desired function in the appropriate category There are the following four main categories which further contain various sub categories e CPU All available CPU components The CPU folder in Components Library contains subfolders for the CPU families CPU External Devices Components for devices externally controlled to the CPU For example sensors memories displays or EVM equipment CPU Internal Peripherals Components using any of on chip peripherals offered by the CPU The Components Library folder with the same name contains sub folders for the specific groups of functionality i e Converters Timers PortIO etc Note It seems that components especially in this category correspond to on chip peripherals Even this declaration is close to the true the main purpose of the component is providing the same interface and functionality for all supported CPU derivatives This portability is the reason why the component interface often doesn t copy all features of the specific peripheral
21. The user may also select a target specific numeric value such as priority 255 if portability of the application to another architecture is not required Peripheral Initialization components on some platforms also allow to set the value default that means that the user doesn t have any requirement on it so the priority value will be the default after reset value Version specific information for HCS08 derivatives with IPC Interrupt Priority Controller The HCS08 derivatives with IPC module offer an interrupt priority configuration There are four interrupt priority levels 0 to 3 available where 0 is the lowest priority and 3 is the highest one The platform independent interrupt priority values in Processor Expert described on top of this section are mapped to these values Version specific information for RS08 without interrupt support and HC S 08 derivatives without IPC Interrupt Priority Controller These derivatives do not support interrupt priorities The interrupt priority settings for example imported from a project for another CPU are ignored Version specific information for RS08 with interrupt support On these RSOS derivatives the interrupts are handled through single interrupt vector The priority of each individual emulated interrupt is determined by order in which the SIPx registers are polled in the sofware handler The priority can be in the range 0 number of interrupts 1 e g 0 15 The lower is the number the highe
22. User Manual Application Design 3 5 4 User Changes in Generated Code It s necessary to say at the beginning of the chapter that modification of the generated code may be done only at user s own risk Generated code was thoroughly tested by the skilled developers and the functionality of the modified code cannot be guaranteed We strongly don t recommend modification of the generated code to the beginners See more information for generated modules in chapter Code Generation To support user changes in the component modules Processor Expert supports the following features Code generation options for component modules It s possible to select mode of the code generation for each component the following options can be found in the components s pop up menu in the project panel Always Write Generated Component Modules default generated component modules are always written to disk and any existing previous module is overwritten Don t Write Generated Component Modules the code from component is not generated Any initialization code of the component which resides in the CPU component interrupt vector table and shared modules are updated Freezing the Code generation Sometimes there is unwanted any change in the code generated by Processor Expert It s for example in case of manual modification done by the user and the user doesn t want to loose the code by accidental re generation of PE project For such cases there is an option
23. any knowledge of the platform specific code required for such service Processor Expert Events can be enabled and disabled and have a user written program subroutines that are invoked when the event occurs Events often correspond to interrupts and are for that case invoked from the generated ISR Moreover the event can also be a pure software event caused by a buffer overflow or improper method parameter Interrupts Usage in Component s Generated Code Some high level components use interrupt service routines to provide their functionality Usage of interrupts can usually be enabled disabled through property Interrupt service event If the interrupt service is used complete interrupt service routine is generated into component s driver and the generated code contains configuration of the corresponding peripheral to invoke the interrupts The user should be careful while disabling an interrupt If a component should operate properly it is necessary to allow the interrupt invocation by having interrupts enabled and if the CPU contains priority system set the corresponding interrupt priority level This can be done using the appropriate method of the CPU component Note It is a common bug in user code if the application is a waiting for a result of the component action while the interrupts are disabled In this situation the result of the component method does not change until the interrupt service routine is handled See description of th
24. by writing the name into the Port signal property Processor Expert automatically assigns this name extended with a bit number suffix to each of the individual pins Assign a different signal names to individual pins by writing pin signal names from the lowest bit to the highest one separated by commas or spaces into the Port signal property Properties Methods Events Component name Byte1 Port PTA PTA Port signal X Y Ledi Led2 Led3 A Pull resistor autoselected pull no pull resistor Figure 3 8 Signal names list for a port Generated Documenation Processor Expert automatically generates a document fprojectname _SIGNALS txt or projectname _SIGNALS doc containing a list of relationship between defined signals and corresponding pins and vice versa There is an additional signal direction information added next to each signal name and pin number information next to each pin name This document can be found in the Documentation folder of the Project Panel Sample of generated signals documentation SIGNAL LIST SIGNAL NAME DIR gt PIN NAME PIN NUMBER ED1 Output gt GPIOA8 AO 138 ED2 Output gt GPIOA9 A1 10 Sensor Input gt GPIOC5_TA1_PHASEBO 140 TestPin 1 0 gt GPIOEO TxDO 4 Timer Output gt GPIOCA TAO PHASEAO 139 PIN LIST 54 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design PIN NAME PIN NUM gt SIG
25. column shows the current status of the resource and the name of the component which uses it if the resource is already used For more details on component inspector items please see also the following sub chapters Dialog Box for Timing Settings e Syntax for the Timing Setup in the Component Inspector 25 Processor Expert User Manual User Interface 2 4 3 1 Dialog Box for Timing Settings The Timing dialog box provides a user friendly interface for the settings of the component timing features When you click the El button of a timing item in the Component Inspector the Timing dialog box is displayed Before you start to edit component timing you should set Target CPU in the Project Panel e Used peripherals in the component s properties Supported speed modes in the component s properties The settings are instantly validated according to the Processor Expert timing model For details on the timing settings principles please see the chapter 5 5 4 Timing Settings Timing Dialog Box Controls BIET Prescaler setting not available in this version Runtime settings type fixed value Possible settings fan gt Valuetype Value TU Init value 290 0 15 625 ms 62 500 ms 125 000 ms 250 000 ms 500 000 ms 1 000 sec 2 000 sec 8 000 sec 16 000 sec 32 000 sec 64 000 sec 128 000 sec 256 000 sec Allowed error Unit 5 0 sc of low limit Timing setting failed it is impossible to set the followi
26. devices TIMxPP e g TIMAPP modulo register of the timer in a programmable pulse generation mode that controls period of the generated signal e TIMxyPPG e g TIMAOPPG channel y of the timer TIMx in the programmable pulse generation mode Note Even though the multiple devices defined for a timer are configured independently they can be mutually dependent For example they share one common prescaler Processor Expert instantly checks components configuration and only valid combinations are allowed See 3 3 4 Timing Settings for details Timing Model Restrictions for High level components e TOD Interrupt each 1 4 second is not available e TPM It is not possible to select interrupt after 1 tick of the counter because of hardware restrictions At least 2 ticks must be used MTIMI as a shared prescaler On some derivatives MTIMI can be used as a clock source for other timers This feature allows the user to select large range of timing even the timing model does not support all combinations of the MTIMI prescaler and the modulo register Using Complex Timers in High Level Components This chapter explains the options of usage of the complex timers in the high level components allowing the user to benefit from the advanced features of these components All peripherals from this group are also supported by the Peripheral Initialization Components for details please see the chapter 5 2 1 1 Component Categories The
27. enabled in the initialization code using appropriate properties that can be usually found within the group Interrupts After enabling the specification of an Interrupt Service Routine ISR name using the JSR name property is required This name is generated to Interrupt Vector table during the code generation process Please note that if the ISR name is filled it is generated into the Interrupt Vector Table even if the interrupt property is disabled al Interrupts El Reload PWM Interrupt INT_PwM_Reload INT_PwM_Reload Reload interrupt Enabled v Reload interrupt priority medium priority ISR name Figure 3 16 Example Of The Interrupt Setup 80 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design Enabling disabling peripheral interrupts during runtime has to be done by user s code for example by utilizing PESL or direct register access macros because the Peripheral Initialization Components do not offer any methods for interrupt handling The ISR with the specified name has to be declared according to the compiler conventions and fully implemented by the user 3 5 3 2 Typical LDD Components Usage Init method The Init method is defined in all Logical Device Drivers The Init method contains a complete initialization of the peripheral according to the component s settings See 5 2 7 2 Logical Device Drivers for details The following example shows how to use Init met
28. event priority options interrupts disabled All maskable interrupts are disabled e interrupts enabled All maskable interrupts are enabled Please note that this settings might lead to possible problems see the warning within this chapter same as interrupt Default behavior of the architecture no interrupts can interrupt the event It is same as interrupts disabled Version specific information for RS08 with interrupt support Because of architecture limitations the Processor Expert allows only interrupts disabled value so the interrupt is always disabled within the event routines The same as interrupt value is mapped to interrupts disabled Version specific information for ColdFire V1 derivatives Processor Expert offers the following event priority options interrupts disabled All maskable interrupts are disabled within the event routine e 0 7 Priorities from the lowest 0 to the highest 7 The code generated by Processor Expert before the event invocation sets interrupt priority mask to the specified value The event routine may be then interrupted only by an interrupt with higher priority than the specified number same as interrupt The priority of the event routine stays on the level set for the interrupt The event routine can be interrupted only by a higher priority interrupt then the value set for the interrupt 3 3 2 Configurations The user can have several configurations of the project in one proj
29. following table shows a list of the timer components and PE devices that can be used in the components as 65 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design rows The columns show the state of all devices defined for the timer for conditions determined by rows Blocked Used 1 channel Blocked Blocked Blocked Blocked 2 in buffered mode Blocked All channels blocked Blocked Blocked sed 1 channel ree Blocked Blocked Blocked 2 in buffered mode Blocked sed 1 channel m Blocked Blocked Blocked Used Blocked Blocked Blocked All channels blocked Blocked Blocked Blocked Blocked Blocked JUsed 1 channel free Blocked Blocked Blocked Table legend Blocked Device might not be directly used by the component but it cannot be used shared by other components because it would disrupt the component s function Used Device is required and used by the component Free Device is not used nor blocked by the component so it can be used by another component How to Use the Table The table allows to easily find out which components in which setup can share the timer peripheral The following rule determines the condition necessary for sharing When you take the rows of table corresponding to the components and their configurations you want to use every column containing Used value must contain Free in all other rows it cannot be used or blocked In case of individual channels there has to be enoug
30. menu 2 Select Select CPU as target the CPU is selected as target This setting doesn t affect the setting of the target in the Targets tab in the CodeWarrior project panel If the user changes the target CPU in the Processor Expert project panel and the CPU doesn t match with the current CodeWarrior target settings the Linker dialog box is invoked during the code generation allowing the user to update the linker setup Changing CPU Settings The only way to modify CPU settings its properties methods events chip selects timing user reserved peripherals compiler and debugger settings etc is to invoke the Component Inspector for the selected CPU component If you have added CPU to your project you can invoke Component Inspector by performing either of the following Rightclick the CPU icon in the Project panel to display pop up menu and select the CPU inspector Double click the CPU icon in the Project panel For a detailed description of the current CPU properties methods and events select Help Help on Component menu item in the Component Inspector window 42 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design 3 2 2 1 CPU Properties Overview CPU Properties can be set in CPU Component Inspector The complete list of CPU properties and their description is available in the help page for the CPU To open the CPU help page select Help Help on Component from the menu bar in the Component Inspector window Fol
31. models allows to by pass internal divider by 2 which effectively doubles the bus clock of the processor The bypass is selected by logic state of selected input pin e g PTC3 during processor reset The user must set appropriate property in the CPU component to reflect actual state of the pin One I O pin e g PTAO is used for communication with the host computer therefore it can t be used as a general I O pin n some configuration of the debugging system the IRQ pin can be also used to control the target board therefore it can t be used in user application 2675 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design Capturing unused interrupts The debugging system based on MONS allows only one breakpoint placed in the flash memory However executing an SWI instruction while running is functionally equivalent to hitting a breakpoint except that execution stops at the instruction following the SWI The user can use this feature to actively capture unused interrupts There are two options for capturing such interrupts f the property named Unhandled interrupts located in Build Options tab is set to Own handler for every there is an interrupt routine generated for each unhandled interrupt generated into the CPU c module The SWI instruction can be placed in the generated routine of the interrupt that need to be caught The user can also use the InterruptVector component In the properties of the component select which inter
32. of possible ancestor See 3 3 7 Component Inheritance and Component Sharing for details 23 Processor Expert User Manual User Interface Link to shared component The down arrow button allows to change the component from the list of the available components or add a new component to the project See 5 5 7 Component Inheritance and Component Sharing for details List of items A list of items may be expanded collapsed by clicking on the plus minus button in the left side of the row or by double clicking on the row The user may add remove items by clicking on the plus minus button The items in the list can be arranged using the related pop up menu commands Peripheral selection The user can select a peripheral from the list of the available peripherals The peripheral that are already allocated have the component icon in the list The properties that conflicts with the component settings have the red exclamation mark Real Number The user can insert any real floating point number String Allows to enter any text or value String list Clicking the dialog button zl opens the simple text editor that allows to enter an array of text lines Time Date Allows to setup the Time Date in a format according to the operating system settings Timing settings Allows a comfortable setting of the component s timing The timing dialog box opens on clicking on El See 2 4 3 1 Dialog Box for Timing Settings for details 2
33. of pure software components Processor Expert can be used to build applications benefiting from underlying operating system services Educational institutes Microprocessor oriented courses can benefit from the information available in Processor Expert about microprocessor structures and hardware independence delivered by Processor Expert Design of applications begins with definition of functionality which can be obtained very quickly by building the application from Embedded Components Students can get the results very fast without facing problems that are not related to the subject of the course for example compiler bugs and errors in the documentation Hardware and software developers Shortening of the design and learning phase speeding up of the deployment of new components full use of hardware using tested software components reduction in time and cost of design all these are keys to success provided by Processor Expert 1 5 Terms and Definitions Used in Processor Expert Component An Embedded Component is a component that can be used in Processor Expert Embedded Components encapsulate the functionality of basic elements of embedded systems like CPU core CPU on chip peripherals standalone peripherals virtual devices and pure software algorithms and wrap these facilities to properties methods and events like objects in OOP Components can support several languages ASM ANSI C Modula and others and the code is generated
34. peripheral control registers can be viewed in the Peripheral Initialization window See 2 7 Peripheral Initialization View for details Peripheral Driver Implementation The rest of the peripheral driver can be implemented by the user using one of the following approaches Physical Device Drivers Direct Access to Peripheral Registers Warning Incorrect change in registers of the peripheral which is controlled by any Component driver can cause the incorrect Component driver function 86 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design 3 8 1 Physical Device Drivers Note PDD layer is available only for Kinetis family MCUs Physical Device Drivers PDD is a software layer that provides set of methods for accessing MCU peripheral configuration registers PDD methods abstract from What kind of registers are available How registers are organized How they are named PDD header files are located in CodeWarrior NProcessor Expert lib MCU pdd Each file contains a definitions of PDD methods for one MCU peripheral Basic PDD methods are implemented by macros and do not provide any additional functionality like register masking shifting etc 3 8 2 Direct Access to Peripheral Registers Note Register access macros are not available for Kinetis family MCUs The direct control of the Peripheral s registers is a low level way of creating peripheral driver which requires a good knowledge of the target platform and t
35. this family The user can also select a priority for the processing of the event code This setting is available for the events that are invoked from the Interrupt Service Routines This priority may be different from the interrupt priority However the meaning of the number is the same the event may be interrupted only by the interrupts with the higher priority Processor Expert offers the following architecture independent values same as interrupt default value which means that Processor Expert doesn t generate any code affecting the priority of the event the priority is in the state determined by the default hardware behavior minimum priority e low priority medium priority high priority maximum priority interrupts disabled For example the highest priority supported by the microcontroller which may be interrupted only by non maskable interrupts The selected value is automatically mapped to the priority supported by the target microcontroller and the selected value is displayed in the third column of the Component Inspector Please see version specific information below The user may also select a target specific value if portability of the application to another architecture is not required Note Some events do not support priorities because their invocation is not caused by the interrupt processing Warning Please note that Processor Expert does not allow the user decrease an event code priority with the
36. to set or modify a requested value s for the configured timing Each row represents one time value and the number of rows depends on the selected type of runtime setting For the option fixed value there is only one row Init Value containing the fixed initialization value e For the option from a list of values there is one row for each of the possible timing modes It is possible to enter 16 possible values modes The empty fields are ignored The user can drag and drop rows within the table to change their order Please see the section Runtime setting configuration within this chapter for more information For the option from interval the table has three rows that contain the Initial value low limit and high limit of the interval Please see the section Runtime setting configuration within this chapter for details on this type of runtime setting There are two editable columns Value Fill in a requested time value without units The drop down arrow button allows to display a list of neighboring values and the user can select one of them There is also possible to set the value by double clicking on a value from the possible settings table see below Units Inits for the value When the Recalculate on unit change check box below the table is checked the value in the previous column is automatically re calculated to be the same in the newly selected units Timing precision configuration It is possible to spe
37. 4 2 Items Visibility Processor Expert supports selectable visibility of the component items Each item is assigned a predefined level of visibility Higher visibility level means that items with this level are more special and rarely used than the others with the lower visibility level Component Inspector displays only items on and below the selected level It could help especially beginners to set only basic properties at first and do optimization and improvements using advanced and expert properties or events later There are three visibility levels Basic view The key and most often used items that configure the basic functionality of the components To view these items select command Items Visibility gt Basic view in the Inspector window Advanced view All items from Basic view and the settings that configure some of more advanced and complex features of the component To view these items select command Items Visibility gt Advanced view in the Inspector window Expert view Maximum visibility level All possible settings including all settings from basic and advanced view To view these items select command Items Visibility Expert view in the Inspector window See also the main page of the Component Inspector chapter for more information how to switch view modes Note If an error occurs in a property with a higher visibility level than the level currently selected then too this error is displayed 24 Process
38. 44 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design 3 3 1 Interrupts and Events This chapter describes the details of interrupt and events processing in the code generated by Processor Expert An Interrupt is a signal that causes the CPU stop the execution of the code and execute the Interrupt service routine instead When the execution of the code is suspended the current state of the CPU core is saved on the stack After the execution finishes the previous state of the CPU core is restored from the stack and the suspended program continues from the point where it was interrupted The signals causing interrupts can be hardware events or software commands For more details please see an appropriate CPU manual Each interrupt can have an assigned Interrupt Service Routine ISR that is called when the interrupt occurs The table assigning the subroutines to interrupts is called Interrupt Vector Table and it is completely generated by Processor Expert Most of the interrupts have corresponding Processor Expert Events that allow handling of these interrupts Processor Expert also allows to configure interrupt priorities if they are supported by the CPU See 3 3 1 1 Processor Expert Priority System for details Processor Expert Events are part of the Embedded component interface and encapsulate the hardware or software events within the system Events are offered by the High and Low Level components to help the user to service the events without
39. C Clock input of A D clock generator cannot be changed in runtime A conversion time in the Conversion time dialog box is calculated for the worst case e KBI Only one KBI component can be used to handle one peripheral in PE project e For details on sharing and usage of the high level timer components please see the chapter 5 4 4 7 RS08 Timers Usage and Sharing 3 4 4 1 RS08 Timers Usage and Sharing RS08 microcontrollers provide two main groups of timer devices Simple Timer Peripherals These devices are simple counters that do not contain multiple individually configurable channels and usually do not allow to control any pins These devices cannot be shared i e used by multiple components The following devices are members of this group on RS08 RTI MTIM These devices are usually listed in Processor Expert under their original names without any extensions These devices can be used by the TimerOut component The MTIM peripheral can additionally be used in event counter components EventCntr8 16 32 All peripherals from this group are also supported by the Peripheral Initialization Components for details please see the chapter 3 2 1 1 Component Categories 69 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design Complex Timer Peripherals These timer peripherals provide multiple channels and allow several modes of operation The RSOS8 contains only one device of such kind TPM Timer PWM modules Processor Expert shows each
40. CodeWarrior for Microcontrollers V10 Processor Expert User Manual Help ve Copyright 2011 Freescale Semiconductor Inc PROCESSOR EXPERT is trademark of Freescale Semiconductor Inc CONTENTS 1 Introduction 4 1 1 Processor Expert Plug in Overview LLluuul e eee eee eee eee eee eee 4 1 2 eallll DS aet sour eter aene n e o een hund unde ented A AEN ed mt ameti E 5 EE PE EOI I2 A Rd TEE HEC CREE 8 1 4 Benefits of Embedded Components and Processor Expert Technology 10 1 5 Terms and Definitions Used in Processor Expert 2 222 2 eee eee eee 11 1 6 Using Processor Expert on Linux __ 2 22 22 2 2 13 2 User Interface 16 Zell AAU Mti ctae A A Dac RAI E n eru c des 16 2 1 1 Processor Expert Options cilm itc dodne cies 17 2 2 Project Panel View 21 2 eee eee ee ee ee cee ee eee eee eee weeny 18 2 3 Components Library View _ 22 2 2 eee eee eee eee ee eee eee ee eee wees 20 2 3 1 Component Assistant 000 0022 eccw sd eaters id eae eins eee 21 2 4 Inspector VIQW A A Een oM e LA Herd 22 2 41 Inspector Items cers 22 Boas awl Soe eRe e o a e a Bs 23 2 42 ltemisWISIDIIIT vocoder e ls aue dr tene 24 2 4 3 Component Inspector 22 ll llllllllllllllll ee 25 2 4 3 1 Dialog Box for Timing Settings 2222 2022 coco 26 2 4 3 2 Syntax for the Timing Setup in the Component Inspector occ 29 2 4 4 Configuration Inspector occ 29 245 Ranger IA A ela A eed LS Le tet 30 2 6
41. Components Component is the essential encapsulation of functionality For instance the TimerInt component encapsulates all CPU resources that provide timing and hardware interrupts on the CPU Name Details Component name TI1 Periodic interrupt source FTM2free FTM2free Counter FTM2 FTM2 E Interrupt service event Enabled Interrupt vftm2fault_ovf Vftm2fault ovf Interrupt priority medium priority level 4 priority withir Component uses entire timer no Initialization Enabled in init code yes Events enabled in init yes Figure 1 2 Example of TimerInt component periodical event timer properties You ll find many components that we call Embedded Components in the Processor Expert Components library window These components are designed to cover the most commonly required functionality used for the Processor Expert User Manual Introduction microcontroller applications from handling port bit operations external interrupts and timer modes up to serial asynchronous synchronous communications A D converter I2C CAN etc A component provides a clear interface By setting properties a user defines the future behavior of the component in runtime The user controls properties in design time by using the Component Inspector Runtime control of the component function is done by the Methods Events are interfacing hardware or software events invoked by the component to the user s code The user can enable or disable the appeara
42. Level Components Each component provides Init method to initialize appropriate peripheral and driver Init method returns a pointer to driver s device structure Each component provides Deinit method to de initialize appropriate peripheral and driver The first parameter of each component s method is a pointer to a device structure returned from Init method It is up to the user to pass a valid device structure pointer to component s methods null check is highly recommended The Init method has one parameter UserDataPtr A user can pass a pointer to its own data and this pointer is then returned back as a parameter in component s events The pointer or date pointed by this pointer is not modified by driver itself A bare board application typically passes a null pointer to Init method LDD components are not automatically initialized in CPU component A user must call appropriate Init method during runtime LDD components have RTOS adapter support allowing to generate variable code for different RTOSes Runtime enable disable of component events Low Power Modes support Logical Device Drivers in Bare metal Applications Logical Device Drivers can be used in applications where the RTOS is not required Logical Device Drivers in bare metal environment have following specific features Init method of each component uses a static memory allocation of its device structure Interrupt Service Routines are statically allocate
43. MCU that the project is designed for Select the MCU variant s and Processor Expert configuarions that you would like to have available in the project Review the actions that Processor Expert is about to perform You can uncheck the checkboxes for items you would like not to be done Please ensure you have backed up your project before confirming before you confirm by clicking on Finish Now it s necessary to move the application code from original main c located in Sources folder into new ProcessorExpert c generated by Processor Expert in previous step consequently remove original main c module from the project 3 8 Low level Access to Peripherals In some cases a non standard use of the peripheral is required and it is more efficient to write a custom peripheral driver from scratch than to use the component In addition there are special features present only on a particular chip derivative not supported by the component that could make the user routines more effective however the portability of such code is reduced Peripheral Initialization It is possible to use Processor Expert to generate only the initialization code function for a peripheral using the Peripheral initialization components The user can choose a suitable Peripheral initialization component for the given peripheral using the Peripherals tab of the Components Library See 2 3 Components Library View for details Initial values that will be set to the
44. NAL NAME DIRECTION GPIOA8 AO 138 gt LED1 Output GPIOA9 A1 10 LED2 Output GPIOCA TAO PHASI GPIOC5_TA1_PHAS GPIOEO TxDO 4 gt TestPin 1 0 m D o 9 gt Timer Output LH wW o ll Vv Sensor Input 3 3 7 Component Inheritance and Component Sharing Basic Terms e Ancestor is a component that is inherited used by another component Descendant is a new component that inherits uses another component s Shared Ancestor is a component that can be used and shared by multiple components Inheritance Inheritance means that an ancestor component is used only by the descendant component Inheritance is supported in order to allow components to access peripherals by hardware independent interface of the ancestor components For example a component that emulates a simple I2C transmitter may inherit two BitIO components for generation of an output signal On several complex components for example some MPC5500 Peripheral Initialization components inheritance is used to separate component settings into several logical parts for example settings of channel is inherited in the component with settings of the main peripheral module Settings in Processor Expert The Descendant component contains a property that allows selecting an ancestor component from a predefined list of templates The component is created after selection of an appropriate template name
45. OS File System Sockets Graphics Kernel 1 0 Map Boot amp Initialize Processor expert HAL Hardware Figure 3 2 Example of HAL integration into existing RTOS Shared Drivers Logical device drivers support the shared mode that means that more components can be put together to provide one instance of API The user can access each component instance through the API of the shared component A driver device data structure is used for resolution which peripheral instance shall be accessed Currently there are three components that support shared mode Serial LDD CAN LDD and Ethernet LDD Low Power Features Logical device drivers in conjunction with CPU component implement low power features of a target MCU Each LDD component define two methods related to the low power capability SetOperationMode and GetDriverState For more details see documentation of components 40 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design CPU User e g RTOS DPM SERIAL_LDD SERIAL_LDD driven component Transnit job I I Send BlockDeviceDataPtr TxDataPtr Start transmission OnBlooGent UserDs s Ptr 1 1 1 1 I l Lu L 1 1 1 Lu L 1 l L L 1 1 1 1 l CalibacKCallba dParamP t l SetOperationMode Mode m qe o x I GetDriverState DeviceDs ts Ptr mm Tum A Figure 3 3 Usage of low p
46. PEMicro Processor Expert Window Help LS Jug it i 12Z S W jJes i G S 9 35 0 Qq 0 9 G c Fig CodeWarrio 85 Project Pan 53 _ O 9 Component Inspector 53 Basic Advanced Expert 7 O GE outine 2 Make Targets Y Memory Map 3 Target cru 35 TO E gt e Properties methods Events amp ac Lc 10 Map h l frene Value Details a PE_Const h AJD converter ADC ADC Lc PE Error h Sharing Disabled PE Types h B Interrupt service event Enabled A vectors c AJD interrupt priority medium priority level 2 priority within level 3 MCFS1AC128A Internal Flash El A D channels 1 o9 Project Headers Channelo E Project Settings AJD channel pin PTAG ADiP16 PTAS_AD1P16 9 E Sources AJD resolution Autoselect 12bits EE ProcessorExpert pe Y Conversion time Unassigned timing E Configurations Low power mode Disabled E3 marie me 2 Operating System Sample time short me sad saz B Initialization s e me Enabled in init code yes 3 m mo puna E me EJ Mec mum see E E ma C CPU External Devices E CPU Internal Peripherals Communication AsynchroMaster Asynchroserial I g shared modules which are used in the wh AsynchroSlave include PE Types h FreescaleCAN include PE Error h intemali2c include PE Const h synchromaster include IO Map n s A Y syaroslave Ki j aii piedra 2 Problems 23 7 Tasks El Console 7 Propertes A Remote Systems Eas ide arco Lerror O
47. Restart the service amp SEC b Performance 2 Device Manager Ci Peer Networking Grouping Ea st pw Oh Peer Networking Identity Manager a PVT This small service starts and stops PE Gh Perf antrum i Disk Management Eclipse server on client request ae 4 Ty Services and Applications Plug and Play amp PnP X IP Bus Enumerator G Services Ch PNRP Machine Name Publication dy WMI Control In the Log On tab select This account and select an administrator account Log on as Local System account Allow service to interact with desktop Dis account SAdminisrator Password soe Confirm password 999990099999009 Using Wine Please note that this solution is provided as is without any warranty or support It has been reported that Processor Expert service can also run with Wine without using second machine with real windows Here are the steps that needs to be done 1 Install wine and winetricks packages for your distribution For example in distributions using apt get bin sh sudo apt get install wine tested with wine version wine 1 0 1 wget http www kegel com wine winetricks sudo apt get install cabextract winetricks msxml3 msxml6 winxp Start the CodeWarrior IDE Select Window Preferences and choose Processor Expert Processor Expert 14 Processor Expert User Manual Introduction Server Then select User remove
48. T_CVALO PIT_CVALO Counter direction Down Counter width 32 bits Value type Optimal uint32_t Input clock source Internal Counter frequency 20 972MHz 20 972 MHz Counter restart On match Period device PIT_LDVALO PIT_LDVALO Period 0 5sec 0 500 sec Enabled SS Interrupt priority medium priority 8 Channel lict n Interrupt Next step Goto Step 4 Code 4 1 4 Tutorial Project 1 for Kinetis Step 4 Code Generation 1 Generate code using the menu command Project Generate Processor Expert Code This process generates source files for components to the Generated Code folder in the CodeWarrior project window The other modules can be found in the Sources folder Writing Application Code 2 Go back to the Project Panel and open the Sources ProcessorExpert c module This is Processor Expert main module Do the following modifications Declare global variables of type LDD_TDeviceData by adding this line before main function LDD TDeviceData LedData LDD TDeviceData TimerData In main function after PE low level init call components initialization functions TimerData TUI1 Init NULL LedData GPIO1_Init NULL 93 Processor Expert User Manual Processor Expert Tutorials include IO Map n User includes include below this line is not maintained t LDD TDeviceData LedData LDD TDeviceData TimerData void main void t Write your local variable definition h
49. able RTOS drivers or bare board application See 3 2 1 2 Logical Device Drivers for details Processor Expert allows to easily examine the details of the architecture and the relationship between the Embedded Component setup and CPU control registers initialization The user can create his her own components using the Component Wizard external tool See 5 Component Wizard Description for details 1 1 Processor Expert Plug in Overview Processor Expert provides an efficient development environment for rapid application development of the embedded applications You can develop embedded applications for a wide range of microcontrollers and microprocessor systems using Processor Expert Processor Expert is integrated as a plug in into the CodeWarrior IDE You can access Processor Expert from the CodeWarrior IDE using the Processor Expert menu in the CodeWarrior IDE menu bar The Processor Expert plug in generates code from the Embedded Components and the CodeWarrior IDE manages the project files and compilation and debug processes Figure below shows the Processor Expert plug in that appears when you select the Processor Expert menu in the CodeWarrior IDE menu bar Processor Expert User Manual Introduction C C tst2 Generated_Code Bit1 c CodeWarrior Development Studio all xj Ele Edit Refactor Navigate Search Project Run Profiler
50. ag amp drop selections utilizing the generated methods and events subroutines and combining the generated code with user code Processor Expert verifies the design based on actual microcontroller resource and timing contentions e Processor Expert allows the efficient use of the microcontroller and its peripherals and building of portable solutions on a highly productive development platform Minimized Time to Learn Microcontroller There are exciting possibilities in starting a new project if the user is starting from ground zero even if the user is using a new and unfamiliar processor The user is able to utilize the microcontroller immediately without studying the microcontroller s documentation The user is able to implement simple applications even without deep knowledge of programming PEpresents all necessary information to the user using built in descriptions and hints e PE has built in tutorials and example projects Rapid Prototyping of Entire Applications Processor Expert allows the users to try different approaches in real time and select the best approach for the final solution Users are not confined to a pre determined linear approach to a solution Easy Build of application based on system functional decomposition top down approach Easy MCU selection Easy CPU initialization Easy initialization of each internal peripheral Simple development of reusable drivers Simple implementation of i
51. and Kinetis MCUs 60 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design C startup module CPU module CPU reset Startup E _initialize_hardware User code before PE init First level of PE initialization PLL ext bus User code after PE init Initialization of the stack pointer runtime libraries memories PE low level init Second level of PE initialization Cpu OnReset oe User event l l if enabled Legend User s code E Initialization code generated by Processor Expert mE User application code in event module 4 Call of a method or occurence of an event Return from method event or interrupt Interrupt Figure 3 15 Reset sequence diagram with Processor Expert _startup The _startup function is called as the first function after the reset The _startup function initializes the stack pointer calls the __initialize_hardware function and continues with initialization of the enviroment such as memory initialization At the end of the _startup function the main function is called 61 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design initialize hardware The initialize hardware function is called from the startup function after an initialization of the stack pointer This function i
52. ation process Enter your code for desired events provide main code add existing source code and build the application using classic tools compiler assembler and debug it before the final burn in These are typical steps when working with Processor Expert Other components may help you to very quickly include pictures files sounds and string lists in your application Processor Expert has built in knowledge internal definitions about the entire MCU with all integrated peripherals The MCU units and peripherals are encapsulated into configurable components called Embedded Components and the configuration is fast and easy using a graphical Component Inspector Peripheral Initialization Components are a subset of Embedded Components allow the user to setup initialization of the particular on chip device to any possible mode of operation The user can easily view all initialization values of the MCU produced by Processor Expert with highlighted differences between the last and current properties settings Processor Experts performs a design time checking of the settings of all components and reports errors and warnings notifying users about wrong property values or conflicts in the settings with other components in the project Processor Expert contains many useful tools for exploring a structure of the target MCU showing the details about the allocated on chip peripherals and pins Processor Expert generates a ready to use source co
53. bilities of the counter The range is of the counter is not limited and it is determined by the size of the counter register so the timing is controlled only by the prescaler selection Sometimes the x is omitted if there is only one timer on the chip Note Even though the multiple devices defined for a timer are configured independently they can be mutually dependent For example they share one common prescaler Processor Expert instantly checks components configuration and only valid combinations are allowed See 3 3 4 Timing Settings for details Using Complex Timers in High Level Components This chapter explains the options of usage of the complex timers in the high level components allowing the user to benefit from the advanced features of these components All peripherals from this group are also supported by the Peripheral Initialization Components for details please see the chapter 5 2 1 1 Component Categories The following table shows a list of the timer components and PE devices that can be used in the components as rows The columns show the state of all devices defined for the timer for conditions determined by rows 70 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design Blocked Used 1 channel Blocked Blocked Blocked Blocked 2 in buffered mode Blocked All channels blocked Blocked Blocked sed 1 channel E Tee Blocked Blocked Blocked 2 in buffered mode channels blocked Blocked Blocked Blocked Block
54. ble shared initialization peripheral in Init methods of Peripheral Initialization Components If this option is set to yes the complete peripheral initialization is provided in Init method even for parts that are already initialized in CPU or elsewhere The could mean longer code but the initialization can be repeated in application using the Init method Comment The Comment tab allows to enter a text that will be shown in the hint when the mouse cursor will be placed on the configuration It could be any text related to the configuration for example an explanation of the configuration purpose or some necessary hardware settings 2 5 Target CPU View This window displays selected target MCU with its peripherals and pins Control Buttons The meanings of the buttons are a Zoom in Increases the detail level of the view The whole picture might not fit the viewing area amp Zoom out Decreases the detail level of the view Processor Expert tries to fit the whole picture to the viewing area Pins The following information about each pin is displayed on the CPU picture all pins are displayed only in the MCU package view mode pin name default or user defined icon of a component that uses allocates the pin direction of the pin input output or input output symbolized by blue arrows if a component is connected Pin names are shortened and written either from left to right or from top to bottom and are visibl
55. cify desired precision of the timer settings by using one of the following settings which one is used depends on the type of the timing The field Error allowed allows to specify a tolerated difference between the real timing and the requested value The Unit field allows to specify the units for the error allowed field time units or a percentage of the requested value The Min resolution field is used for setting interval or capture component timing Allows the user to specify maximal acceptable length of one tick of the timer In the case of interval settings type the of low limit percentage of the low limit value can be used as the unit for this value Minimal timer ticks Note This item is available only for setting of period in components where it s meaningful for example PWM PPG This item allows to set a minimal number of timer ticks in period It means that it will be possible to set a duty of the output signal to at least the specified number of distinct values for any period of the output signal at runtime 27 Processor Expert User Manual User Interface Value 0 means no requirements for the timer settings Adjusted values This table displays a real values for each speed mode the currently selected row in the Timing values table These values are computed from the chosen on chip peripheral settings selected prescaler s value and the difference between a value selected by the user and the real value Stat
56. clock is too low for the correct function of the component the component can be disabled for the appropriate speed mode The mode can be switched in the runtime by a CPU method The component timing is then automatically configured for the appropriate speed mode or the component is disabled according to the setting Note however that use of speed modes adds extra code to the application This code must be included to support different clock rates See speed mode details here See chapter Embedded Components Optimizations for details on choosing and setting the components to achieve optimized code 83 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design 3 6 2 General Port I O Optimizations Note These optimizations are not usable for the Peripheral Initialization Components BytelO Component Versus BitslO Component BytelO component instead of BitsIO component should be used when whole port is accessed The BitsIO component is intended for accessing only part of the port e g 4 bits of 8 bit port Using the BitsIO component results more complex code because this component provides more general code for the methods which allows access to only some of the bits of the port On the other side the BytelO component provides access only to the whole port and thus the resulted code is optimized for such type of access BitslO component versus BitlO components In case of using only a part of the port the multiple BitlO components could be us
57. ct value The reason is usually the hardware structure and limitations of the CPU The Timing dialog box shows the list of values ranges that are allowed to be set It might be necessary to increase the allowed error using the Error field in the Timing Dialog that specifies the allowed difference between the required value and possible value that can be produced by the hardware Settings for the device are mutually incompatible or can t be used with another device In this case the problem is reported by all components that share some timing hardware Due to dependencies between used parts of the timer there might be necessary to adjust the values of the shared elements such as prescalers to the same value For example if two TimerInt components are using two channels of one timer and all timer channels are connected to one common prescaler it is not possible to set the values that would require a different prescaler values In this case it is useful to manually adjust the prescaler values of all components to the same value switch to Expert view mode and adjust the property in the Component Inspector window The Runtime setting from interval is selected and it is not possible to set the values The required run time settings are outside the range of one prescaler This is a limitation of this mode of runtime setting Please see the text below in this chapter Run time Timing Settings Limitation Some components allow to change the
58. d in generated interrupt vector table IVT The Linker Command File LCF is generated from CPU component The main module ProcessorExpert c is generated Logical Device Drivers in RTOS environment Logical Device Drivers in RTOS environment have following specific features Init method of each component uses a dynamic allocation of its device structure through the RTOS API Deinit method of each component uses a dynamic de allocation of its device structure through the RTOS API Interrupt Service Routines are allocated through the RTOS API in Init method and de allocated in Deinit method of each component The Interrupt table is not generated from CPU component in case whether RTOS provides runtime allocation of interrupt service routines The Linker Command File LCF is not generated from CPU component in case that RTOS provides its own LCF for applications 939 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design The main module ProcessorExpert c is not generated if specified in RTOS adapter For information and hints on LDD components usage please see the section 3 5 3 2 Typical LDD Components Usage RTOS adapter The RTOS adapter component is a way how to utilize generated code to the specific RTOS The RTOS adapter provides necessary information to the driver which API should be used to allocate memory create a critical section allocate interrupt vector etc Microcontroller Application Embedded RT
59. data is allowed into the shift register from the data register Therefore the slave data register must be loaded with the desired transmit data before the falling edge of SS BitIO BitsIO ByteIO Byte2IO Byte3IO Byte4IO The GetVal and GetDir methods are always implemented as macros Optimization for property BitlO BitsIO doesn t influence the generated code WordIO LonglO These components could not be implemented on Freescale HCO8 this CPU has no instructions for 16 bit 63 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design and 32 bit access into the I O space e ADC Clock input of A D clock generator cannot be changed in runtime A conversion time in the Conversion time dialog box is calculated for the worse case which is usually 17 cycles per one conversion ExtInt If a pin other than IRQ IRQI is set in this component setting of the Pull resistor property affects only disable state of the device component If the device component is enabled the pull up resistor is always connected to the pin e KBI Limitation for HCO8 Setting of the Pull resistor property affects only the disabled state of the device component If device component is enabled the pull up resistors are always connected to the used pins Only one KBI component can be used to handle one peripheral in PE project IntEEPROM A component expects that all security options of EEPROM are disabled If some security option is
60. de initializing all on chip peripherals used by the component according to the component setup Processor Expert User Manual Introduction RTOS support Processor Expert provides a set of LDD components Logical Device Drivers that support generation of driver code that can be integrated with RTOSes Real Time Operating Systems Please see details in the section 3 2 2 Logical Device Drivers 1 4 Benefits of Embedded Components and Processor Expert Technology The key benefit of Embedded Components is same as using components in software design environments such as Microsoft Visual Basic or Borland Delphi In comparison with components used within these products Embedded Components provide hardware encapsulation in the form of a platform independent standard Different players in the embedded market should benefit from such a standardized approach Microprocessor producers Each year microprocessor producers introduce many new microprocessor families or derivatives As the complexity of microprocessors increases programmers must handle more and more registers to get the required functionality Classical development tools usually do not support the rapid prototyping phase of design and classical programming languages are unable to describe the on chip peripherals structure efficiently On the other hand microprocessor producers need to speed up the learning design and coding processes for their customers For the designers Processor E
61. details Method Event Pop up Menu View Code Opens code editor at the code of the selected method event Toggle Enable Disable Enables Disables the Method Event Processor Expert User Manual User Interface s S Tsti Documentation 5 Generated Code E MCF513M128 Internal Flash Project Headers Project Settings 2 Sources ProcessorExpert pe Configurations By 51JM128VLH B somos QH f 519M128VLD 2 Operating System u MCF51JM 128V 49 Cpu MCFS1JM128VLD e Embedded Components E 1 TimerInt mnm Figure 2 3 Processor Expert in the Project Panel 2 3 Components Library View Components Library shows supported embedded components including CPU components and component templates It lets the user select a desired component or template and add it to the project Modes The Components Library has the following four tabs allowing the user to select components in different modes Component Categories Contains all available components The components are sorted in a tree based on the categories defined in the components See 3 2 1 1 Component Categories for details Please see below for menu and control details Alphabetical Shows alphabetical list of the available components Assistant Guides the user during the component selection process The user answers a series of questions
62. e events c or created by the user and included in the project user module OOP Object oriented programming OOP was invented to solve certain problems of modularity and reusability that occur when traditional programming languages such as C are used to write applications PE Abbreviation of Processor Expert that is often used within this documentation Peripheral Initialization component encapsulates the whole initialization of the appropriate peripheral Components that have the lowest levels of abstraction and usage comfort See 3 2 1 1 Component Categories for details They usually do not support any methods or events except the initialization method The rest of the device driver code needs to be written by hand using either PESL or direct control of the peripheral registers See 3 6 Low level Access to Peripherals for details Popup menu this menu is displayed when the right mouse button is pressed on some graphical object PLL Phase Locked Loop This circuit is often built in inside the CPU and can be used a main source of the clock within the CPU Prescaler A fixed or configurable device that allows to divide or multiply a clock signal for a peripheral CPU peripheral or its part Properties Parameters of the component Property settings define which internal peripherals will be used by the component and also initialization and behavior of the component at runtime RTOS Real Time Operating System is an operating syst
63. e Modules HCS08 RS08 ColdFire V1 TPM and FTM Timer PWM modules Processor Expert shows each of these timer peripherals as multiple devices that can be used by the components The name of such device shown in the peripheral selection list consists of the peripheral and a suffix specifying the part of the peripheral or it s specific function These named devices represent the whole peripheral or parts of the peripheral set to work in a specific mode Using only a part of the timer allows to share the timer by multiple components The following devices are usually defined for the complex timer peripherals the examples are for the MC68HC908AZ60 CPU e TIMx e g TIMA The whole timer including counter all channels and control registers Name of the device should be same as name listed in datasheet Sometimes the x is omitted if there is only one such timer on the chip This device blocks all other devices defined for this timer TIMxy e g TIMAO Channel y of the timer TIMx TIMxfree e g TIMAfree This device represents the overflow flag and the interrupt capabilities of the counter The range is of the counter is not limited and it is determined by the size of the counter register so the timing is controlled only by the prescaler selection e TIMx PPG e g TIMA PPG The whole timer in a programmable pulse generation mode If the timer is used in this mode it is not possible to use any of the TIMx TIMxy and TIMxfree
64. e PWM and Capture component is possible There is no remaining free device on the timer peripheral Because the channels of this timer are sharing one prescaler it is necessary to configure the same prescaler value for both the PWM component and the Capture component 3 4 3 2 Debugging on HC08 Using MON8 Every member of the HCO08 microcontroller family is equipped with a basic support for in system programming and debugging MONS for details see datasheet of a HC08 processor The microcontroller can work in two modes normal and monitor In the monitor mode the microcontroller can accept couple of commands over the single wire interface The commands allow to read write the memory and run a code In combination with Break module a simple debugging system can be built e g ICS boards P amp E Multilink or various custom designs There are few issues that results from the characteristics of the MONS system To achieve a standard communication speed 19200 9600 4800 bauds a specific oscillator frequency must be used usually 9 83 or 4 915MHz Suitable source of processor clock is usually part of the debugging system The user must set the same clock frequency in the CPU component of his project to ensure that the timing of components will be correct Care must be taken when using PLL and speed modes Change of the operating frequency of the target processor can result in loss of communication with the target system Some processor
65. e code should not be dead stripped When useless methods or events are enabled the generated code can contain spare source code because of these unused methods or events Moreover some methods can be replaced by more efficient methods that are for special purposes and therefore these methods are not enabled by default Disabling Unused Components Disable unused and test purpose components or remove them from the project Disabling of these components is sufficient because the useless code is removed but the component setting remains in the project If these components are required for later testing then add a new configuration to the project and disable these useless component only in the new configuration The previous configuration will be used when the application is tested again Moreover if it is required to use the same component with different setting in several configurations its possible to add one component for each configuration with same name and different setting Speed modes Note These optimizations are not usable for the Peripheral Initialization Components Timed components which depend on the CPU clock such as timer communication and conversion components may support speed modes defined in the CPU component in EXPERT view level The Processor Expert allows the user to set closest values for the component timing in all speed modes if possible If the requested timing is not supported by the component for example if the CPU
66. e only if there is enough space in the diagram Some signals and peripherals cannot be used by the user because they are allocated by special devices such as power signals external or data bus The special devices are indicated by a special blue icons for example 9 The allocation of peripherals by special devices can be influenced by CPU properties 930 Processor Expert User Manual Hints Pin hint contains number of the pin on package both names default and user defined owner of the pin component that allocates it short pin description from CPU database Component icon hint contains component name component type component description Shared Pins User Interface If a pin is shared by multiple components the line connecting the pin to the component has a red color See 3 5 8 Pin Sharing for details On chip Peripherals The following information about each on chip peripheral is displayed on the CPU package peripheral device name default or user defined icon of the component that uses allocates the peripheral device Peripheral device hint contains peripheral device name owner of the pin component that allocates it short peripheral device description Hint on icon contains component name component type component description If a peripheral is shared by several components for example several components may use single pins of the same port the 2 icon
67. e project information and settings of all components in XML format The generated file projectname Settings xml can be found in the Documentation folder of the Project Panel It is updated after each successful code generation Shared modules with shared code the code which is called from several components Complete list of generated shared modules depends on selected CPU language compiler and on the current configuration of your project Typical shared modules are O Map h Control registers and bit structures names and types definitions in C language O Map c Control registers variable declarations in C language This file is generated only for the HC S 08 HC S 12 versions Vectors c A source code of the interrupt vector table content 73 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design PE Const h Definition of the constants such as speed modes reset reasons This file is included in every driver of the component PE Types h Definition of the C types such as bool byte word This file is included in every driver of the component PE Error h Common error codes This file contains definition of return error codes of component s methods See the generated module for detailed description of the error codes This file is included in every driver of the component PE Timer This file contains shared procedures for runtime support of calculations of timing constants startupfile c This external module visible
68. e property Interrupt service event for detailed information about the particular component Enabling Event Functionality of each event can be enabled or disabled The user can easily enable the event and define its name within the Component Inspector of the appropriate component Another possibility is to double click an event icon in the component s subtree or use a pop up menu in the Project Panel window 45 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design Event module name BeforeNewSpeed AfterNewSpeed OnInterrupt Event procedure name Priority same as interrupt E Figure 3 4 Event Example in the Component Inspector Events Tab Writing an Event Handler Event handler is a subroutine that is assigned to a specific event After the event is enabled Processor Expert generates the empty function of the specified name to the Event module See 3 5 7 Code Generation for details The user can directly open the Event handler code if it already exists using a Component pop up menu gt View Edit event module or a double click on the event within the Project Panel The event handler is an ordinary function and the user needs not to provide the interrupt handling specific code in his her event code Interrupt Service Routines When High or Low level components are used the interrupts functionality is covered by the events of the components The interrupt subroutines calling the user s event handlers are gen
69. ect file The configuration system is very simple Every configuration keeps the enable disable state of all components in the project it does NOT keep any component settings If you enable disable a component in the project the component state is updated in the currently selected configuration If you create a new configuration the current project state is memorized Configurations of the current project are listed in the Project Panel configurations folder Configurations can also hold additional settings that may influence code generation can be changed in the configuration inspector See 2 4 4 Configuration Inspector for details The symbol for conditional compilation is defined if it is supported by the selected language compiler The symbol PEcfg_ ConfigurationName is defined in the CPU interface The user can switch using this symbol between variants of code according to the active configuration see example in this chapter Configuration also stores which CPU is selected as the target CPU If the name of the configuration matches the name of one of the CodeWarrior s targets the target is automatically selected as an active target when the user runs code generation Note It is possible to have two components with the same name in Project Each of the components could be enabled in different configuration This way the user can have different setup of a component a component with the same name in multiple configurations 49
70. ect the directory of the example project that you would like to use under this folder Click on the Finish button Step 2 Code generation After opening an example invoke the code generation of the project to obtain all sources In the project tree right click the ProcessorExpert pe file and select the Generate Processor Expert Code command The generated code is placed in the Generated Code sub folder of the project Step 3 More Complicated Example Once you have learned the basic skills you can open a more complicated example in order to get to more advanced level of code generation Creating New Projects See the chapter 4 Processor Expert Tutorials for step by step tutorials on creating Processor Expert projects from the beginning 34 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design 3 2 Basic Principles The application created in Processor Expert is built from the building blocks called Embedded Components The following sub chapters describe the features of the Embedded Components and the CPU components that are special type of Embedded Components and what they offer to the user Embedded Components CPU Components 3 2 1 Embedded Components Embedded components encapsulate the initialization and functionality of embedded systems basic elements such as CPU core CPU on chip peripherals for details on categories of components delivered with Processor Expert see chapter 3 2 1 1 Component Categories FPGAs
71. ed TIM gt Blocked sed 1 channel Blocked Blocked Blocked e Blocked Device might not be directly used by the component but it cannot be used shared by other Table legend components because it would disrupt the components function Used Device is required and used by the component Free Device is not used nor blocked by the component so it can be used by another component How to Use the Table The table allows to easily find out which components in which setup can share the timer peripheral The following rule determines the condition necessary for sharing When you take the rows of table corresponding to the components and their configurations you want to use every column containing Used value must contain Free in all other rows it cannot be used or blocked In case of the individual channels there has to be enough channels for all components Please note that if a component allocates some channels it is possible to share the timer among several components of the same type e g TimerInt using the TIMxy device PWM Sharing Limitation There are some limitations for the PWM component if it shares the timer peripheral with other devices The PWM in this case uses the whole range of the counter i e the modulo register is not used so the period values are limited to the value s determined by the prescaler value ze Processor Expert User Manual Application Design 3 4 5 Version Specific Information f
72. ed A better solution is to use the BitsIO component replacing multiple calls of the BitlO component s methods The application code consist only of one method call and is smaller and faster 3 6 3 Timer Components Optimizations Note These optimizations are not usable for the Peripheral Initialization Components For better code size performance it s recommended to not to use a bigger counter reload compare register for timer than is necessary Otherwise the code size generated by a component may be increased e g For 8 bit timer choose 8bit timer register In some cases several timing periods are required when using timers For example the TimerInt component The Processor Expert allows changing the timer period during run time using several ways note that this is an advanced option and the Component Inspector Items visibility must be set to at least ADVANCED These ways of changing the run time period of timer requires various amount of code and thus the total application code size is influenced by the method chosen When the period must be changed during run time use fixed values for period instead of an interval if possible to save code There are two possibilities See 2 4 3 1 Dialog Box for Timing Settings for details From list of values this allow to specify several but fixed in run time number for given periods This allows only exact values modes listed in the listbox The resulted code for changing the period is
73. em OS intended for real time applications Target CPU The CPU derivative used in a given project Template Component Template component with preset parameters User defined Component Template User defined component template is a component with preset parameters saved under a selected name Also the name of the author and short description can be added to the template User module Source code module created or modified by the user Main module event module or external user module Xtal A crystal a passive component used as a part of an oscillator circuit Processor Expert User Manual Introduction 1 6 Using Processor Expert on Linux Even though the CodeWarrior can be run on Linux the current version of Processor Expert core still needs to be run in Windows environment It s necessary to have a working windows CodeWarrior installation Processor Expert core runs there as a background service and communicates with native Eclipse user interface Using Windows Machine to Host Processor Expert Its necessary to have a windows machine with installed the Windows version of the same version of CodeWarrior installer When the CodeWarrior on Linux is run for the first time it s necessary to configure Windows machine IP address in CodeWarrior Preferences ini xi type filter text Processor Expert Server hel vL Ne General A Analysis Pr
74. enabled methods performing write operation such as SetByte can return an error e For details on sharing and usage of the high level timer components please see 3 4 5 7 HC S 0S ColdFire VI Timers Usage and Sharing 3 4 3 1 HC S 08 ColdFire V1 Timers Usage and Sharing The HC S 08 and ColdFire V1 microcontrollers provide two main groups of timer devices Single channel Timer Peripherals These devices are simple counters that do not contain multiple individually configurable channels and usually do not allow to control any pins These devices cannot be shared i e used by multiple components The following devices are members of this group HC08 PIT TIM on some derivatives TBM PWU RTC e HCS08 RS08 ColdFire V1 RTI CMT MTIM RTC TOD These devices are usually listed in Processor Expert under their original names without any extensions These devices can be used by the following high level components TimerInt RTIshared TimerOut and FreeCntr8 16 32 The MTIM peripheral can additionally be used in event counter components EventCntr8 16 32 All peripherals from this group are also supported by the Peripheral Initialization Components 3 2 1 1 Component Categories 64 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design Multi channel Timer Peripherals These timer peripherals provide multiple channels and allow several modes of operation The following devices are members of this group HC08 TIM Timer Interfac
75. ent or components The components templates that cannot be added to the peripheral are grayed in the pop up menu as unavailable This option is supported for all devices displayed on CPU package 2 6 Memory Map View This window shows the CPU address space and internal and external memory mapping Detailed information for an individual memory area is provided as a hint when the user moves cursor over it Legend white non usable space dark blue I O space blue RAM light blue ROM OTP or Firmware cyan FLASH memory or EEPROM This area can also contain a flash configuration registers area black external memory The address in the diagram is increasing upwards The sizes of individual memory areas blocks drawn in the window are different from the ratio of their real sizes to improve readability of the information Small blocks are larger and large blocks are smaller The black line crossed areas show the memory allocated by a component or compiler The address axis within one memory block goes from the left side to the right i e the left side means start of the block the right side means the end DO1FFF 001000 32 Processor Expert User Manual User Interface Figure 2 8 Sample Of Used Part Of The Memory Area 2 7 Peripheral Initialization View Peripheral Initialization shows overview of the peripheral initialization settings for the current target CPU It displays initialization values of all control
76. ents Graphical IDE Built in detailed design specifications of the Freescale devices Code generator PE Key Features Design time verifications e MCU selection from multiple MCU derivatives available e MCU pin detailed description and structure viewing Configuration of functions and settings for the selected MCU and its peripherals Definition of system behavior during initialization and at runtime Design of application from pre built functional components Design of application using component methods user callable functions and events templates for user written code to process events e g interrupts Customization of components and definition of new components Tested drivers Library of components for typical functions including virtual SW components Verified reusable components allowing inheritance e Verification of resource and timing contentions Concept of project panel with ability to switch port between MCU family derivatives Code generation for components included in the project Implementation of user written code nterface with Freescale CodeWarrior PE based tool solution offers the following advantages to Freescale MCU customers e nall phases of development customers will experience substantial reductions in development cost development time Additional benefits in product development process are Integrated development environment increases productivity Minimized ti
77. erated to the component modules and PE provides parts of the background code necessary to correctly handle the interrupt requests The Peripheral Initialization components can only provide the initialization of the interrupt and generate a record to the Interrupt Vector Table The user has to provide a full implementation of the interrupt subroutine See 3 5 3 1 Typical Usage of Peripheral Initialization Components for details 3 3 1 1 Processor Expert Priority System Some CPUs support selectable interrupts priorities The user may select a priority for each interrupt vector The interrupt with a higher priority number can interrupt a service routine with the lower one Processor Expert supports the following settings in design time interrupt priority and priority of the event code Priority can also be changed in the user code The user may use a CPU component method to adjust the priority to a requested value Interrupt Priority The user may select interrupt priority in the component properties just below the interrupt vector name Processor Expert offers the following values which are supported for all microcontrollers e minimum priority e low priority e medium priority high priority maximum priority The selected value is automatically mapped to the priority supported by the target microcontroller It is indicated 46 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design in the third column of the Component Inspector
78. ere Processor Expert internal initialization DON T REMOVE PE low level init End of Processor Expert internal initialization Write your code here TimerData TU1 Init NULL LedData GPIO1 Init NULL For example for 3 In the project panel unfold the TU1 component s list of events and methods Open the code of the TUI OnCounterRestart in editor using the pop up menu command View Code wyg o IUI1 GPIU LLLU E E TU1 TimerUnit_LDD i M Init Ml Deinit M Enable A Disable JB GetinputFrequencyReal JA GetInputFrequency Jl SetPeriodTicks JM GetPeriodTicks IM ResetCounter JH GetCountervalue il SetOffsetTicks i Bl GetOffsetTicks t 1 4 Insert the following lines into the TU1_OnCounterRestart event handler function body extern LDD TDeviceData LedData GPIOl1 ToggleFieldBits LedData LedPin 1 void TU1 OnCounterRestart LDD TUserData UserDataPtr t extern LDD TDeviceData LedData GPIO1 ToggleFieldBits LedData LedPin 1 94 Processor Expert User Manual Processor Expert Tutorials Running the Application 5 Build the project using the Project Build command from the CodeWarrior menu 6 If you have the TWR K60N512 board connect it now Run and debug the application using the Run Run command from the CodeWarrior menu After the application is run the on board LED should start blinking 95 Processor Expert User Manual Index
79. erts the bit Access To Named Groups of Bits e testReg w BitGroup RegName GroupName Tests a group of the bit for non zero value getReg w BitGroupVal RegName GroupName Reads a value of the bits in group setReg w BitGroupVal RegName GroupName GroupVal Sets the group of the bits to the specified value RegName Register name BitName Name of the bit GroupName Name of the group BitMask Mask of the bit BitsMask Mask specifying one or more bits BitsVal Value of the bits masked by BitsMask GroupMask Mask of the group of bits GetMask Mask for reading bit s CirMask Mask for clearing bit s SetMask Mask for setting bit s InvMask Mask for inverting bit s RegValue Value of the whole register BitValue Value of the bit 0 for 0 anything else 1 w Width of the register 8 16 32 The available width of the registers depends on used platform Example Assume that we have a CPU which has a PWMA channel and it is required to set three bits 0 1 5 in the PWMA PMCTL to 1 We use the following line setRegBits PWMA PMCTL 35 Run counter 88 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design 3 9 Processor Expert Files and Directories PE Project File All components in the project with their state and settings and all configurations are stored in one file ProcessorExpert pe in the root of project directory If the whole content of the project including subdirectories 1s co
80. es of the Compiler and Debugger if it is supported 4 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design Portability e Itis possible to change the target CPU during the development of an application and even to switch between multiple CPUs This can be done simply by adding another CPU to the project and selecting it as the target CPU To connect the new CPU peripherals to the application components correctly it is possible to specify the CPU on chip peripheral names This way the same peripheral could be used on different CPU derivatives even if the original name is different Note CPU peripherals names and Application Options are in the same pop up menu as CPU inspector To open the pop up menu right click the CPU icon in the Project panel Adding a CPU to a Project 1 Inthe Components Library window select the MCU category and find the desired CPU component 2 Double click the desired CPU icon to add it to the project When the CPU component is added it appears in the upper part of the Project panel If selected as the target CPU the processor will be displayed in the Target CPU window Selecting a CPU as Target CPU The first CPU added to the project is automatically selected as the target CPU It means that code will be generated for this CPU When there are more than one CPU in the project the target CPU can be changed by following these steps 1 Right click the CPU icon in the Project panel to display a pop up
81. escale HC S 08 and ColdFire V1 derivatives 62 3 4 3 1 HC S 08 ColdFire V1 Timers Usage and Sharing _ 64 3 4 3 2 Debugging on HC08 Using MONS _ 2222 eee eee eee eee 67 3 4 4 Version Specific Information for RS08 ccoo 68 3 4 4 1 RS08 Timers Usage and Sharing __ 2 2 22 2 2 eee eee eee eee 69 3 4 5 Version Specific Information for Kinetis occ coo 72 2 Processor Expert User Manual 3 5 Code Generation and Usage 2 2222 ieee eee eee 72 35 1 Gode Generation z omi sl a toad e eee ac tee oe cae ete ae 72 3 5 1 1 Tracking Changes in Generated Code occ 74 3 5 2 Predefined Types Macros and Constants llc lll lll eee eee eee eee 75 3 5 3 Typical Usage of Component in User Code ill ee eee ee eee eee 77 3 5 3 1 Typical Usage of Peripheral Initialization Components 80 3 5 3 2 Typical LDD Components Usage lllll eee llle leer rre 81 3 5 4 User Changes in Generated Code lll lli ill cl ll llli lll lll sls 82 3 6 Embedded Component Optimizations _ 2 0220222222 ee eee eee eee 82 3 6 1 General Optimizations ie etic ee ete ee zie ade ee che m vo m 83 3 6 2 General Port I O Optimizations ccoo 84 3 6 3 Timer Components Optimizations ccoo coo 84 3 6 4 Code Size Optimization of Communication Components occ 85 3 7 Converting Project to Use Processor Expert 0 2
82. ess code because usually overhead of interrupts is bigger than overhead of methods in polling mode But the polling mode is not suitable for all cases For example when you use the SCI communication for sending only the data and a character is sent once in a while then it is better to use the polling mode instead of using interrupt because it saves the code size that is when the interrupt is used an interrupt subroutine is needed and code size is increased Examples A module of an application sends once in a while one character to another device through the SCI channel If the delay between two characters is sufficient to sent one character at a time then the polling mode of the SCI the AsynchroSerial component should be used in this case A module of an application communicates with another device that is it sends several characters at one time and receives characters from the device Thus the interrupt mode of the SCI the AsynchroSerial component should be used in this case because when a character is received the interrupt is invoked and the underlying process of the application need not check if a character is received When a buffer for sending is used the characters are saved into the buffer and AsynchroSerial s service routine of the interrupt sends these characters without additional code of the application Note The polling mode of the component is switched on by disabling of the Interrupt service of the component AsynchroSeria
83. exception of Interrupts enabled value on some platforms please see below This is because Processor Expert event routines are not generally reentrant so there is a risk that the interrupt would be able to interrupt itself during the processing If there is such functionality requested the user has to do it manually e g by calling a appropriate CPU component method setting a priority and carefully check possible problems Version specific information for HCS08 derivatives with IPC Interrupt Priority Controller Processor Expert offers the following event priority options interrupts enabled Interrupts are enabled and the priority of the event routine stays at the same level as the interrupt The interrupts with the higher priority than the current interrupt priority can interrupt the event code interrupts disabled All maskable interrupts are disabled 1 3 Priorities from lowest 1 to highest 3 The code generated by Processor Expert before the event invocation sets the event code priority to the specified value 4 Same as interrupts disabled same as interrupt Default behavior of the architecture no interrupts can interrupt the event It is same as interrupts disabled Other values are mapped to the priorities 1 4 48 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design Version specific information for HC S 08 derivatives without IPC Interrupt Priority Controller Processor Expert offers the following
84. for the selected language Component Inspector Window with all parameters of a selected component properties methods events Bus clock A main internal clock of the CPU Most of the CPU timing is derived from this value CPU Component Component that encapsulates the CPU core initialization and control This component also holds a group of settings related to the compilation and linking such as Stack size Memory mapping linker settings Only one CPU component can be set active as the target CPU See 5 2 2 CPU Components for details Component Driver Component drivers are the core of Processor Expert code generation process Processor Expert uses drivers to generate the source code modules for driving an internal or external peripheral according to the component settings A Component can use one or more drivers Counter Represents the whole timer with its internal counter Events Used for processing events related to the component s function errors interrupts buffer overflow etc by user written code See 3 2 7 Embedded Components for details External user module External source code attached to the PE project The external user module may consist of two files implementation and interface C and H Free running device Virtual device that represents a source of the overflow interrupt of the timer in the free running mode High level component Component with the highest level of abstraction and usage comfort An ap
85. h channels for all components Please note that if a component allocates some channels it is possible to share the timer among several components of the same type e g TimerInt using the TIMxy device PWM Sharing Limitation There are some limitations for the PWM component if it shares the timer peripheral with other devices The PWM in this case uses the whole range of the counter i e the modulo register is not used so the period values are limited to the value s determined by the prescaler value 66 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design Example The 6SHC908AZ60 contains two timer modules TIMA and TIMB Each one of these modules is based on a 16 bit counter that can operate as a free running counter or a modulo up counter TIMB module has 2 channels and 2 related input output pins Can we use the TIMB peripheral for PWM output and input capture components at once Timer Module B TIMB is supported in PE by the following devices TIMB TIMBO TIMB1 TIMBfree TIMB PPG TIMBPP TIMBOPPG TIMBIPPG It follows from the table in this chapter that For the PWM component in non buffered mode you use only one channel e g TIMB0 According to the columns the component will use one channel and TIMBfree device other channels will stay free all other devices will be blocked The Capture component according to the columns uses only one channel Such channel is available TIMBI Sharing of the TIMB peripheral by th
86. he code that provides testing for parameter range If the option is set to yes methods do not return error code ERR VALUE neither ERR RANGE If the method is called with incorrect parameter it may not work correctly e Ignore enable test This option can disable generation of the code that provides testing if the component peripheral is internally enabled or not If the option is set to yes methods do not return error code ERR DISABLED neither ERR ENABLED If the method is called in unsupported mode it may not work correctly e Ignore speed mode test This option can disable generation of the code that provides a testing if the component is internally supported in the selected speed mode If the option is set to yes methods do not 29 Processor Expert User Manual User Interface return error code ERR SPEED If the method is called in the speed mode when the component is not supported it may not work correctly Use after reset values This option allows Processor Expert to use the values of peripheral registers which are declared by a chip manufacturer as the default after reset values If the option is set to no all registers are initialized by a generated code even if the value after reset is the same as the required initialization value If the option is set to yes the register values same as the after reset values are not initialized Complete initialization in Peripheral Init Component This option can disa
87. he code is typically not portable to different platform However in some cases is this method more effective or even necessary to use in the case of special chip features not encapsulated within the Embedded component implementation See 3 8 Low level Access to Peripherals for details Register Access Macros Processor Expert defines a set of C macros providing an effective access to a specified register or its part The definitions of all these macros are in the file PE Types h The declaration of the registers which could be read written by the macros is present in the file IO Map h Whole Register Access Macros e getReg w RegName Reads the register content setReg w RegName RegValue Sets the register content Register Part Access Macros e testReg w Bits RegName GetMask Tests the masked bits for non zero value e clrReg w Bits RegName ClrMask Sets a specified bits to 0 e setReg w Bits RegName SetMask Sets a specified bits to 1 e invertReg w Bits RegName InvMask Inverts a specified bits clrSetReg w Bits RegName ClrMask SetMask Clears bits specified by ClrMask and sets bits specified by SetMask Access To Named Bits 87 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design e testReg w Bit RegName BitName Tests whether the bit is set setReg w Bit RegName BitName Sets the bit to 1 e clrReg w Bit RegName BitName Sets the bit to 0 invertReg w Bit RegName BitName Inv
88. hod in user code main module in this case Let s assume a component named AST has been added to the project The user needs to add the call of the Init method into the user code for example in main module void main void LDD_TDeviceStructure MyDevice Processor Expert internal initialization PE low level init End of Processor Expert internal initialization MyDevice AS1 Init NULL Initialize driver and peripheral AS1 Deinit MyDevice Deinitialize driver and peripheral for 1 Deinit method Deinit method disables a peripheral and frees the allocated memory if supported by the RTOS adapter Deinit method is usually used in RTOS applications not in bare metal applications Interrupt Handling Most of LDD components are designed to be used in the interrupt mode It means that the interrupt service routine ISR is called by the interrupt controller when an asynchronous interrupt occurs Interrupt service routine is defined in LDD driver and a user is notified through component s events Events can be enabled or disable in the component inspector according to an application needs When an event is enabled the appropriate function is generated into Event c where a user can write own event handler code Events are called from the ISR context so a user should keep an event code as short as possible to minimize a system latency 81 Processor Expert
89. igured in the CPU Properties if supported External memories must be defined in CPU Properties Any component can allocate a specified type of memory See component descriptions for detailed information about requirements for types of memory Processor Expert provides checking of memory and protects you from making a wrong choice For example if a component requires external Flash it is not possible to enter an address in internal RAM The bits can also allocate memory Therefore you can be sure that only one component uses an allocated bit of a register in external address space Timing The settings of all timed high level components are checked using the internal timing model See 3 3 4 Timing Settings for details If there is no error reported it means that Processor Expert was successful in calculating the initialization and runtime control values for all components and hence the settings should work according to the configuration 3 3 4 Timing Settings Many high level components contain a timing configuration e g speed of the serial communication period of the interrupt conversion time of the ADC etc Processor Expert allows to configure such timing using user friendly units and it also contains a model of the complete MCU timing This model allows calculation of the required values of control registers and continuous validation of the timing settings Timing Model A component timing can be viewed like a chain of eleme
90. in Processor Expert Project Options that completely disables the code generation See 2 Processor Expert Options for details 3 6 Embedded Component Optimizations This chapter describes how the size and speed of the code could be optimized by choosing right component for the specific task It also describes how to setup components to produce optimized code The optimizations that are described are only for the High or Low level components not for the Peripheral Initialization components Please refer to sub chapters for more details General Optimizations General Port I O Optimizations Timer Components Optimizations e Code Size Optimization of Communication Components 82 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design 3 6 1 General Optimizations This chapter describes how to setup Processor Expert and components to generate optimized code The following optimization are only for the High or Low level components and not for the Peripheral Initialization components Disabling Unused Methods Note These optimization are not usable for the Peripheral Initialization Components When Processor Expert generates the code certain methods and events are enabled by default setting even when the methods or events are not needed in the application and thus while they are unused the code may still take memory Basically the unused methods code is dead stripped by the linker but when the dependency among methods is complex som
91. in the External Modules folder of the Project Panel contains a platform specific startup code and is linked to the application The name of the file is different for the Processor Expert versions For datils on the use of the startupfile during the reset see chapter 3 4 Reset Scenario with PE for HC S 08 and RS08 See also chapter 3 5 2 Predefined Types Macros and Constants 3 5 1 1 Tracking Changes in Generated Code Processor Expert allows to track changes in generated modules It s just necessary to enable the option Create code generation log in the Processor Expert Project options See 2 1 1 Processor Expert Options for details If this option is enabled a file ProcessorExpert CodeGeneration txt is generated into Documentation folder The file contains a list of changes with details on purpose of each change Please see the example below Ha HH HH HH Ht Gt FE EE EE EEE EE EOE EE HE aE EE EE EOE EEE EEE EE EE EE EE EEE EEE EEE E Code generation 2010 10 22 15 57 CodeGen 1 by user by Processor Expert 5 00 for Freescale Microcontrollers PE core 04 46 Configuration Debug_S08GW64CLH Target CPU MC9S08GW64 64 CPUDB ver 3 00 000 The following code generation options were changed gt option Create code generation log value changed from false to true FEE HH HE HEH HHH HE EE HE HE HE HH HEH EEE E E EE HH HEH EEE E E E E E E E E EE EE EE EH HH HF Code generation 2010 10 22 16 01 CodeGen 2 by user hradsky b
92. ing HC08 application using MONS interface please refer to chapter 3 4 3 2 Debugging on HC08 Using MONS Components implementation details All the components Interrupts priorities For details on priority settings for interrupts and event please see also 3 3 Processor Expert Priority System CPU Speed Mode selection CPU methods SetHighSpeed SetLowSpeed SetSlowSpeed If CPU clock dependent components are used the signals generated from such internal peripherals may be corrupted at the moment of the speed mode selection if function of clocked devices is enabled Handling of such a situation may be done using events BeforeNewSpeed and AfterNewSpeed Interrupt vector table in ROM is placed at the default address in the ROM or in the Flash If the interrupt vector table in RAM is selected the vectors table is generated into RAM and special redirection code is generated to ROM This code transfers program control to the selected address according to the table in RAM The user can use CPU methods SetIntVect to set the address of interrupt service routine Note You cannot change the interrupt vector that is allocated by any component in your project It is recommended to select the event OnSWI together with this option to minimize size of the generated code e PPG The PPG components always allocates the whole timer Although it is technically possible to share the 62 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design
93. ing the method GetError LIN synchronization error is detected Requested functionality or process failed Queue is full 3 5 3 Typical Usage of Component in User Code This chapter describes usage of methods and events that are defined in most hardware oriented components Usage of other component specific methods is described in the component documentation in the section Typical Usage if available Peripheral Initialization Components Peripheral Initialization Components are the components at the lowest level of peripheral abstraction These components contain only one method Init providing the initialization of the used peripheral See 5 5 3 7 Typical Usage of Peripheral Initialization Components for details Peripheral Initialization Components Plese see the chapter For typical usage and hints on Logical Device Drivers LDD components please see the chapter 3 5 3 2 Typical LDD Components Usage 77 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design High level components Methods Enable Disable Most of the hardware components support the methods Enable and Disable These methods enable or disable peripheral functionality which causes disabling of functionality of the component as well Hint Disabling of the peripheral functionality may save CPU resources Overview of the method behavior according to the component type Timer components timer counter is stopped if it is not shared with another component
94. is displayed Note for peripherals working in several modes Some peripherals work in several modes and these peripherals can be represented by a several devices in the CPU databases For example the device TimerX PPG and TimerX_PWM represents TimerX in the PPG and PWM mode These devices can be displayed on the CPU package but they are also represented as a single block in the MCU block diagram 31 Processor Expert User Manual User Interface Peripheral Pin Pop up Menu The following commands are available in the pop up menu Show Peripheral Initialization shows initialization values of all control status and data registers This option is supported for all devices displayed on a CPU package See 2 7 Peripheral Initialization View for details Zoom in Increases the detail level of the view The whole picture might not fit the viewing area Zoom out Decreases the size of the picture and detail level of the view Rotate Rotates the package by 90 degrees Add Component Template adds a component or template for the appropriate peripheral all available components and templates suitable for the selected peripheral are listed The components and templates in the list are divided by a horizontal line It is possible to add only components or templates which are applicable for the peripheral It means that is possible to add the component or template only if the peripheral is not already allocated to another compon
95. ith the Processor Expert items listed within the ProcessorExpert pe project branch When the user unfolds the Processor Expert project files the following items are shown e Configurations of the project e Operating System contains special components that provide operating system interface and configuration if there are any used CPUs CPU components included in the project Embedded Components included in the project Every component inserted in the project is displayed in the project panel and has a sub tree showing function is shown Methods Methods allow runtime control of the component s functionality Event routines Events allow handling of the hardware or software events related to the component If the event is disabled the name of the event is shown For enabled events the name of the handling ISRs Represent component related interrupt routines that can be created by the user for low level interrupt processing For items whose ISR names have been specified within component settings a user specified name of an ISR and name of the interrupt vector is shown If an ISR name is not specified interrupt has to be disabled in this case only the interrupt vector name is present 18 Processor Expert User Manual User Interface All component s items have status icons that signify the enabled Hy or disabled A state If this state cannot be changed directly the background of the icon is gray For more de
96. l AsynchroMaster and AsynchroSlave 3 7 Converting Project to Use Processor Expert The C project that doesn t use Processor Expert can be can be converted to Processor Expert This is useful when the user finds out that he she would like to use additional features of Processor Expert Warning Please note that in most cases this conversion involves necessary manual changes in the application code because for example the register interrupt vectors table definitions created by the user often conflicts with Processor Expert definitions Don t forget to backup the whole project before the conversion Some files will have to be removed from the project The conversion to Processor Expert is recommended to experienced users only 85 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design Conversion Steps Select the menu command File New Other Within the Select a wizard dialog box select Processor Expert Enable Processor Expert for Existing C Project and click on the Next button Select the project that you would like to convert and the project type Processor Expert can generate initialization code and drivers for on chip peripherals and also drivers for selected external peripherals or software algorithms See 2 Features for details Device Initialization is simpler tool that can generate initialization code for on chip peripherals interrupt vector table and template for interrupt vector service routines Select the
97. l groups in the Inspector are expanded If the expanded group contains any groups that are disabled gray the user is asked if the disabled groups should all be expanded Collapse All if a group is selected collapses all items within the selected group Otherwise all groups in the Inspector are collapsed Help on Component shows a help page for the component 22 Processor Expert User Manual 2 4 1 Inspector Items The following types of the items could be found in the Inspector User Interface Boolean group Enabled Boolean yes no no Enumeration red External file Images About_bw bmp External bitmap file ImagesMbout bw bmp Directory E Group of items group of integer numbers Integer signed 1 D Integer unsigned 100 D Link to inherited component EventCntr8 Link to shared component DT1 El List of items 1 Realo 0 0 Peripheral selection ADC Real number 0 0 String default string value String list 0 line s Time 08 15 00 Date 2000 12 31 Y Timing settings 100 ms Ed Figure 2 5 Types of inspector items Descriptions Boolean Group A group of settings controlled by this boolean property If the group is enabled all the items under the group are valid if it is disabled the list of items is not valid Clicking the sign will show hide the items in the group but doesn t affect value or validity of the items Boolean yes no The user can switch between two states of the property using a drop down men
98. less complex than using an interval From time interval this is an alternative to using list of values which requires more code Using an interval allows setting whatever value specified by the component during run time This code re calculates the time period to the CPU ticks and this value is used when changing the timer period If the application requires only a few different timing periods even if the functionality is the same for both cases the correct usage of list of periods produces smaller code compared to code using an interval 84 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design 3 6 4 Code Size Optimization of Communication Components Note These optimizations are not usable for the Peripheral Initialization Components Communication components should be used with the smallest possible buffer Thus the user should compute or check the maximum size of the buffer during execution of the application For this purpose the method GetCharsInTxBuffer GetCharsInTxBuffer AsynchroSerial component which gets current size of a used buffer can be used after each time the SendBlock RecvBlock method is called Use interrupts if you require faster application response The interrupt routine is performed only at the event time that is the code does not check if a character is sent or received Thus the saved CPU time can be used by another process and application is faster Use polling mode instead of interrupts if you require l
99. lization such as PLL and external bus Sometimes it is necessary to do some special user initialization immediately after the cpu reset Processor Expert provides a possibility to insert user code into the _EntryPoint function There is a User Initialization property in the build options tab of a CPU component inspector defined for this purpose See 2 4 3 Component Inspector for details 59 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design C startup function The C startup function in the C startup module is called at the end of the EntryPoint function It provides a necessary initialization of the stack pointer runtime libraries and so on At the end of the C startup function the main function is called PE low level init There is a second level of Processor Expert initialization PE low level init called at the beginning of the main function PE low level init function provides initialization of all components in project and it is necessary for proper functionality of the Processor Expert project OnReset event The user can write the code that will be invoked from the PE_low_level_init function after the Processor Expert internal initialization but before the initialization of individual components Thus the user should expect that peripherals are not completely initialized yet This event can be enabled disabled in the CPU component inspector s events page 3 4 2 Reset Scenario with PE for ColdFire
100. lowing properties define the basic settings of the CPU e CPU type External Xtal frequency and sub clock xtal frequency PLL settings Initialization interrupt priority External bus and signals Speed modes See the following chapter Speed Modes All other functions that are not directly encapsulated by components 3 2 2 2 Speed Modes Support Note Register access macros are not available for Kinetis family MCUs Please use the Clock configurations instead The CPU component supports up to three different speed modes The three speed modes is a Processor Expert specific concept which among all the other PE features and concepts ensures the portability of the PE projects between different CPU models In fact the three speed modes are a generalization of all the possible CPU clock speed modes used for power saving that can be found in most of the modern microcontrollers In the area of embedded systems power saving and power management functions are so important that we could not neglect the proper HW independent software implementation of these functions Therefore for keeping the portability HW independence of PE projects we recommend not to program the CPU speed functions manually but use these three CPU Component speed modes instead High speed mode this mode is selected after reset and must be enabled in the project This speed mode must be the fastest mode of the main CPU clock Low speed mode this
101. me to learn Freescale MCU Rapid prototyping of entire applications Modular and reusable functions Easy to modify and port implementations Processor Expert User Manual Introduction Integrated development environment increases users productivity This tool lets me produce system prototypes faster because the basic setup of the controller is easier This could mean that I will implement more of my ideas into a prototype application having a positive effect on the specification analysis and design phase PE justifies its existence even when used for this purpose alone e This system frees you up from the hardware considerations and allows you to concentrate on software issues and resolve them thoroughly Very good for CPUs with embedded peripherals It significantly reduces project development time Primary Reasons Why Users Feel that Way Processor Expert has built in knowledge internal definition of the entire microcontroller with all its integrated peripherals Processor Expert encapsulates functional capabilities of microcontroller elements into concepts of configurable components Processor Expert provides an intuitive graphical UI displays the microcontroller structure and allows the user to take advantage of predefined and already verified components supporting all typically used functions of the microcontroller Applications are designed by defining the desired behavior using the component settings dr
102. mode is usually used for another PLL or main prescaler settings of the main CPU clock Slow speed mode this mode is usually used for the slowest possible mode of the main CPU clock Switching Speed Modes at Runtime The modes can be switched in the runtime by the following CPU component methods e SetHighSpeed e SetLowSpeed SetSlowSpeed If a speed mode is enabled in the CPU Component properties the corresponding method is enabled automatically It is highly recommended to disable interrupts before switching to another speed mode and enable them 43 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design afterwards Speed Modes Support in Components Using the component property CPU clock speed selection it is possible to define the speed modes supported by the component Some components allow to set two values of the CPU clock speed selection property Supported The CPU clock speed selection group contains properties defining which speed modes are supported for the component Ignored The speed mode settings are ignored and there are no action is performed when a speed mode is changed that is the peripheral continues to run with the same configuration for all speed modes No speed mode handling code is generated for this component The component timing values are valid only for high speed mode The following features are available for high level components if the CPU clock speed selection is not set to ignored
103. n 3 5 3 1 Typical Usage of Peripheral Initialization Components Init method Init method is defined in all Peripheral Initialization Components Init method contains a complete initialization of the peripheral according to the component s settings In the following examples let s assume a component named Init1 has been added to the project The Init method of the Peripheral Initialization component can be used in two ways The Init method is called by Processor Expert The Init method is called by the user in his her module Automatic calling of Init The user can let Processor Expert call the Init method automatically by selecting yes for the Call Init method in the Initialization group of the Component s properties When this option is set Processor Expert places the call of the Init method into the PE ow level init function of the CPU c module Manual calling of Init Add the call of the Init method into the user s code for example in main module Enter the following line into the main module file Tarti Inrt Put the Init method right below the PE low level init call void main void Processor Expert internal initialization PE low level init End of Processor Expert internal initialization Initl Init for Interrupt Handling Some Peripheral Initialization components allow the initialization of an interrupt service routine Interrupt s can be
104. n the Next button Select the Processor Expert from Rapid Application Development and click on the Next button Confirm the dialog Select configurations by clicking on the OK button Select the MK60X256VMD100 in MCU Pin variants and th INTERNAL RAM for SULLO OW URL sce UD 90 Processor Expert User Manual Processor Expert Tutorials MK60X256VMD100 in Configurations Click on the Finish button Now the new empty project is created and ready for adding new components Next step Goto Step 2 Adding components to the project 4 1 2 Tutorial Project 1 for Kinetis Step 2 Adding components 1 Inthe Components Library window switch to Alphabetical tab and find a GPIO LDD component and in its pop up menu invoked by the right mouse button select Add to project 2 Find TimerUnit LDD component and in its pop up menu invoked by the right mouse button select Add to Project The components are now visible in the Component folder in the Project Panel Er CodeWarri 73 Project Pa ca O zZE 3E d l kinetis_sysinit h E Sources 8 ProcessorExpert pe E E Configurations BR INTERNAL RAM Operating System E 2 Cpus 4 Cpu MK60X256VMD 100 Embedded Components 18 GPIO1 GPIO LDD E E TU1 TimerUnit_LDD u Next step Goto Step 3 Configuring components 91 Processor Expert User Manual Processor Expert Tutorials 4 1 3 Tutorial P
105. nce and availability of methods of the component in generated source code Disabling unused methods could make the generated code shorter See 3 6 7 General Optimizations for details Events if used can be raised by interrupt from the hardware resource such as timer SIO or by pure software reason such as overflow in application runtime You can enable or disable interrupts using component methods and define priority for event occurrence and for executing its Interrupt Service Routine ISR The hardware ISR provided by the component handles the reason for the interrupt If the interrupt vector is shared by two or more resources then this ISR provides the resource identification and the user is notified by calling the user event handling code Creating Applications Creation of an application with Processor Expert on any microcontroller is very fast To create an application first choose and set up a CPU component add other components modify their properties define events and select Generate Code Processor Expert generates all code well commented from components according to your settings See 3 5 Code Generation for details This of course is only part of the application code that was created by the virtual application engineer Processor Expert CPU knowledge system and solution bank The solution bank is created from hand written and tested code optimized for efficiency These solutions are selected and configured in the code gener
106. nchroSerial Timing setting values from list enables to select various values denoted by changes of the prescaler most tightly coupled with UART Ifa software handshake is used for extremely high baud rates it may happen that no overruns appear and transmitted characters get lost AsynchroMaster Same as AsynchroSerial AsynchroSlave Same as AsynchroMaster SynchroMaster Because of the disability of an SPI device configured as Master caused by a mode fault the mode fault automatically disables the component inside an interrupt service if interrupt service is enabled If the interrupt service disabled and a mode fault occurs the component will be disabled at the beginning of RecvChar method SynchroSlave On HCOS family MCUs A mode fault doesn t disable an SPI device configured as Slave therefore it doesn t disable the component If a mode fault error occurs software can abort the SPI transmission by disabling and enabling of the device Enable and Disable methods When Clock edge property falling edge Shift clock idle polarity property Low or Clock edge property rising edge and Shift clock idle polarity property High the SS pin of the slave SPI module must be set to logic 1 between bytes The falling edge of SS indicates the beginning of the transmission This causes the SPI to leave its idle state and begin driving the MISO pin with the MSB of its data Once the transmission begins no new
107. nd in brackets a number of components that still can possibly be selected After clicking on such line a next question is displayed This mode of Components Library doesn t offer addition of CPU components If you would like to add another CPU component please switch to another Components Library tab 2 4 Inspector View Inspector allows to view and edit attributes of the item selected in the Project Panel Window Columns Inspector window contains the three columns Name Name of the item to be selected Groups of items may be collapsed expanded by double clicking on the first line of the group with its name it has or sign on the left e Value the settings of the items are made in this column See chapter 2 4 1 Inspector Items for list of item types Details the current setting or an error status may be reflected on the same line in the rightmost column of the inspector Read only items Any item can be marked as read only so the user could not change its content Read only values are gray View mode buttons They are placed at the top of the window Basic Advanced Expert These buttons allow users to switch complexity of the view of the component s items See 2 4 2 Items Visibility for details Pop up Menu This menu is invoked by right clicking a specific inspector item The menu contains the following commands Expand All if a group is selected expands all items within the selected group Otherwise al
108. nd of components could be found in the CPU Internal Peripherals Peripheral Initialization Components folder of the Components library and they are available only for some CPU families The interface of these components might be different for a different CPU The name of these components starts with the prefix Init Features of Components at Different Level of Abstraction Feature LDD High level Low level Peripheral Init components High level settings portable between partially partially no different CPU families Portable method interface for all CPU yes partially Init method only families usually direct access to control registers n CPU specific peripheral features support partially Low level peripheral initialization partially partially y settin e 1 es Speed mode independent timing e no e e y y yi yes direct interrupt handling no o Software emulation of a component o function if the specific hardware is not present gs es es no es es es no 38 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design 3 2 1 2 Logical Device Drivers Introduction Logical Device Drivers were developed to offer users the Hardware Abstraction Layer HAL for bare metal applications as well as RTOS applications The components provide tested optimized C code tuned to the application needs The code may be tuned to the specific RTOS when the RTOS component is in the project Differences between LDD and High
109. nditional to project or Processor Expert environment settings and their usage by the components Component module This module with its header file is generated for every component in the project with exception of some components that generate only an initialization code or special source code modules Name of this file is the same as the name of the component Header file h contains definitions of all public symbols which are implemented in the component module and can be used in the user modules The module contains implementation of all enabled methods and may also contain some subroutines for internal usage only CPU module The CPU module is generated according to the currently active target CPU component The CPU module additionally contains MCU initialization code 72 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design interrupt processing Main module The main module is generated only if it does not already exist if it exists it is not changed Name of this module is the same as the name of the project The main module contains the main function which is called after initialization of the MCU from the CPU module By default this function is generated empty without any reasonable code It is designed so that the user can write code here Event module The event module is generated only if it does not exist If it exists only new events are added into the module user written code is not changed The event m
110. never you want during design time Besure that the component setting conforms to peripheral parameters Choose the initialization state of the component Choose which methods you want to use in your code and which event you want to handle Use several components of the same type with optimal code for each component The concept of the peripheral allocation generally does not enable sharing of peripherals because it would make the application design too complicated The only way to share resources is through the components and their methods and events For example it is possible to use the RTIshared component for sharing periodic interrupt from timers 35 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design Methods Methods are interfacing component functionality to user s code All enabled methods are generated into appropriate component modules during the code generation process All Methods of each component inserted into the project are visible as a subtree of the components in the Project panel You can use in your code all enabled methods The easiest way to call any method from your code is to drag and drop the method from project panel to the editor The complexity and number of methods depend on the component s level of abstraction Events Some components allow handling the hardware or software events related to the component The user can specify the name on function invoked in the case of event occurrence They are usuall
111. ng items initialization value Figure 2 7 Timing Settings Dialog Runtime setting configuration Note Runtime setting cannot be selected in the BASIC view mode Runtime setting type selection determines how the timing setting can be modified at runtime The following options are available fixed value Timing cannot be changed at runtime from a list of values Allows to change the timing by selecting one of predefined values from the list using component method SetXXXMode This method sets the value s corresponding to the selected timing into the appropriate prescaler and other peripheral register s The values modes in the list can be 26 Processor Expert User Manual User Interface added removed by editing the timing values table from interval Allows to change a timing freely within a selected interval while all values of the interval are selected with specified precision Prescaler value is fixed in this mode timing is set only using compare reload registers value It means that it has to be possible to reach all values within the interval by using the same prescaler Please note that this kind of runtime setting requires runtime computations that can be time and space consuming and may not be supported on all microcontrollers Note Some of the methods used for runtime setting of timing will be enabled only if the appropriate runtime setting type is selected Timing values table This table allows
112. ng of its resources and its drivers with other Components For example components may share an I2C component for communication with peripherals connected to the I2C bus Settings in Processor Expert A shared ancestor component contains a property that allows the user to select existing shared ancestor component or create a new one In this case the ancestor component is included in the project tree as the other components The ancestor component may be used with the descendant component only if it is created from a template registered in the descendant component or if the component type is registered in the descendant component It is recommended that you always create a shared ancestor component through a descendant component Click the 7 button to select an existing shared ancestor component from the current project Click the El button to select an existing ancestor component or create a new ancestor component using the wizard see below gt 12C bus EI2C1 Figure 3 11 Example of popup menu for creating a new shared ancestor component Selection Creation Wizard When a component with a link to a shared ancestor component is added to the project the following wizard dialog box appears This wizard helps you to select or create the shared ancestor component quickly Processor Expert helps you to select or create a shared bean E X The bean 120120120120 uses shared bean for item 12C bus You may choose existing or crea
113. nterrupt handlers Inherited Modularity and reuse Processor Expert User Manual Introduction nherited ease of implementation of system hardware and software firmware modifications Modular and Reusable Functions Processor Expert greatly decreases the start up time and minimizes the problems of device idiosyncrasies e It uses the concept of a function encapsulating entity called Embedded Component with supporting methods and events Uses a library of predefined components Uses the concept of device drivers and interrupt handlers that are easy to reapply Uses the concept of well documented programming modules to keep the code well organized and easy to understand Note Processor Expert Embedded Component were formerly called Processor Expert Embedded Beans Easy to modify and port implementations Processor Expert allows optimal porting to a previously unused processor Supports multiple devices within a project and makes it extremely easy to switch them Supports desired changes in the behavior of the application with an instant rebuild Supports interfacing of the CodeWarrior IDE 1 3 Concepts The main task of Processor Expert is to manage CPU and other hardware resources and to allow virtual prototyping and design Code generation from components the ability to maintain user and generated code and an event based structure significantly reduce the programming effort in comparison with classic tools Embedded
114. nts such as dividers and multipliers between the main clock source and the device configured by the component The user sets the desired timing value using the Timing Dialog box see chapter 2 4 3 1 Dialog Box for Timing Settings or directly by specifying the value in Component Inspector see chapter 2 4 3 2 Syntax for the Timing Setup in the Component Inspector Processor Expert tries to configure individual elements in the timing chain to achieve the result and the user is informed if it was successful After leaving the Timing Dialog box the real value of the prescaler and timing are shown in the third column of the component inspector Prescaler Auto selected prescaler high 54 v Interrupt period 100 m fhigh 100 ms Figure 3 5 Example of the timing and prescaler setup 51 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design Timing Setup Problems The errors are reported in red in the Timing Dialog box or in the timing property line in the Component Inspector The error summary is available in the Error window Please follow the error message text to find the source of the problem If no error is reported it means that Processor Expert can achieve the desired timing for all components in the project Common problems that make impossible to set a timing value tis impossible to set some item s This problem is reported in the component or the Timing dialog box and the user is informed which value has incorre
115. ocessor Expert server configuration H C C C Use local server Coloring Editor Use remote server Freescale Licenses eA Help Local server settings TE Server localhost Port 999 Install Update I ndsnsstsly stet Proc Expert o Processor Expert Automatically start Processor Expert Environment Settings Select PE directory D Ecipse_2010_04 MCU processorExpert Browse Processor Expert Server xecutable ESTV exXe 4 Run Debug Executable PE rv exe Team Remote server settings Traditional Memory Rendering Server address 192 168 1 10 Server port 9999 Changing Processor Expert server configuration will restart workbench Restore Defaults Apply Lx J cama On the windows machine in case that Windows 7 or Windows Vista operating systems are used it s necessary to configure PE service to run with administrator rights Please use the following steps Open the Computer Management window and select Services and Applications gt Services Find PE Eclipse Server Starter Service and open it s peroperties using the pop up menu 13 Processor Expert User Manual Introduction File Action View Help w n 3tssiHsi nn Computer Management Local 4 Y System Tools gt O Task Scheduler gt B Event Viewer PE Eclipse Server Starter Service Name 4 Parental Controls gt El Shared Folders Stop the service b Local Users and Groups
116. odule contains all events selected in the components By default these event handler routines are generated empty without any meaningful code It is considered that user will write code here Event module can also contain the generated ISRs for the components that require a direct interrupt handling Peripheral Initialization Components It is possible to configure the name of event module individually for each component in the ADVANCED view mode of the Component Inspector However please note that the event module is not generated by Processor Expert if there is no event enabled in the component except the CPU component for which the event module is always generated Method list file with description of all components methods and events generated from your project The name of the file is projectname txt or projectname doc This documentation can be found in the Documentation folder of the Project Panel Signal names This is a simple text file projectname SIGNALS txt or projectname SIGNALS doc with a list of all used signal names The signal name can be assigned to an allocated pin in the component properties available in ADVANCED view mode This documentation can be found in the Documentation folder of the Project Panel See 3 5 6 Signal Names for details Code generation log that contains information on changes since last code generation See 3 5 1 1 Tracking Changes in Generated Code for details XML documentation containing th
117. of these timer peripherals as multiple devices that can be used by the components The name of such device shown in the peripheral selection list consists of the peripheral and a suffix specifying the part of the peripheral or it s specific function These named devices represent the whole peripheral or parts of the peripheral set to work in a specific mode Using only a part of the timer allows to share the timer by multiple components The following devices are usually defined for the complex timer peripherals the examples are for MC9RSO8SA12 CPU TPM e g TPM Whole timer including all channels and control registers Sometimes the x is omitted if there is only one such timer on the chip This device blocks all other devices defined for this timer TPMXxy e g TPM1 Channel y of the timer x Sometimes the x is omitted if there is only one timer on the chip TPMx PPG e g TPM PPG Whole timer in a programmable pulse generation mode Sometimes the x is omitted if there is only one timer on the chip TPMxPP e g TPMPP Modulo register of the timer in a programmable pulse generation mode Sometimes the x is omitted if there is only one timer on the chip e TPMXxyPPG e g TPMPPG Channel y of the timer x in the programmable pulse generation mode Sometimes the x is omitted if there is only one timer on the chip TPMxfree e g TPMfree This device represents the overflow flag and interrupt capa
118. ommended Project References Generate ISRs Yes Refactoring History Delete unused events Yes Resource Filters Delete unused previously generate Yes Run Debug Settings Freeze code generation No Generate code before build autom Yes Create code generation log No Code generation reference number 13 i Restore Defaults Apply Figure 2 1 Project Properties Dialog Preferences Global settings related to Processor Expert can be found in Preferences dialog available using the command Window gt Preferences The PE related items can be found under Processor Expert in the list on the left Description of the individual options can be found in the hint window displayed when the cursor is placed on an item 7 Processor Expert User Manual User Interface amp JS Preferences type filter text General C C Coloring Editor Freescale Licenses Help Install Update Processor Expert Environment Settings Processor Expert Service Remote Launch Remote Systems Run Debug Target Configurations Team Terminal Traditional Memory Renderi E 2 2 Project Panel View Processor Expe onment Options lt gt y ME Auto open com Items view level Auto connect component Yes Enable new component in config In all configurations ponent Inspector Yes Expert m n Figure 2 2 Preferences Dialog Processor Expert project panel shows the project tree w
119. ons are generated to the file PE Types h which also containins definitions of macros used for a peripheral register access See 5 8 2 Direct Access to Peripheral Registers for details Types 8 bit unsigned integer unsigned char bool Boolean value unsigned char TRUE any non zero value FALSE 0 Type Description 32 bit unsigned integer unsigned long array of two 32 bit unsigned integers unsigned long TPE ErrCode Error code uint8 t all except MPC55xx Structure for images 16 bit unsigned integer unsigned int typedef struct Image word width Image width in pixels word height Image height in pixels byte pixmap Image pixel bitmap 75 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design word size Image size in bytes char name Image name TIMAGE typedef TIMAGE PIMAGE Pointer to image Structure for 16 bit register 16 bit register big endian format typedef union word w struct byte high low b TWREG Macros DI Disable global interrupts EI Enable global interrupts EnterCritical It saves CCR register and disable global interrupts ExitCritical It restores CCR register saved in EnterCritical For the list of macros available for Peripheral registers access please see the chapter 3 8 2 Direct Access to Peripheral Registers Constants Methods Error Codes The e
120. or Expert User Manual User Interface 2 4 3 Component Inspector Component inspector is one of the Inspector window variants It allows to setup Properties Methods and Events of a component Note Property settings influencing the hardware can often be better presented by the CPU package view using the Target CPU window See 2 5 Target CPU View for details d Basic Advanced Expert Y 7 O Properties Methods Events CPU interrupts resets E Instruction related exceptions Instruction related reset Illegal Instruction Exception Interrupt V nstr Viinstr Unimplemented Line A Opcoc yes zl Interrupt Vunilaop Vunilaop Unimplemented Line F Opcoc Interrupt Vunilfop Vunilfop Privilege Violation Interrupt Vprviol Vprviol gt zl Figure 2 6 Component Inspector Window The Build options page is present only in the CPU component and it provides access to the settings related to linker and compiler The Used page shows list of the CPU component resources The user can also manually block individual resources for using them in Processor Expert The page consists of the three columns First shows the name of the resource Resources are in groups according to which device they belong to Second column allows the user to reserve resource for example pin for external module Click on pl icon to reserve free a resource Reserved resource could not be use in Processor expert any more Third
121. or Kinetis Only the Peripheral Initialization and Logical Device Drivers LDD components are available for the Kinetis derivatives For details please see the section 3 2 1 2 Logical Device Drivers and 3 2 1 1 Component Categories Kinetis CPU components support Clock configurations that are similar to Speed Modes see 3 2 2 2 Speed Modes Support but provide more options on configuring low power and slow clock modes of the CPU Please find details on individual settings in the CPU component s on line help 3 5 Code Generation and Usage This chapter informs the user about the principles and results of the Processor Expert code generation process and the correct ways and possibilities of using this code in the user application Please refer to the following subchapters for more information Code Generation e Predefined Types Macros and Constants Typical Usage of Component in User Code User Changes in Generated Code 3 5 1 Code Generation ProcessorExpert pe pop up menu Generate Processor Expert Code Generate Code command initiates the code generation process During this process source code modules containing functionality of the components contained in the project are generated The project must be set up correctly for successful code generation If the generation is error free all generated source code files are saved to the destination directory Files Produced by Processor Expert The existence of the files can be co
122. or component name from the list of the templates fitting the specified interface Any previously used ancestor component is discarded B Asynchro serial communication AsynchroForT erminal y gt Figure 3 9 Inherited component item in inspector Clicking on the button unfolds the properties of the inherited component directly under the intherited component property line Clicking on the button fully opens the ancestor component with properties methods and events within the Component inspector Processor Expert allows the user to select from several ancestors that implement a required interface and are registered by the descendant component The ancestor component is displayed under its descendant in the project structure tree in the project panel 55 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design E Y Q ExEEt DevKitl amp EEPROM FPGAP Z Q Inhr4 inhr FPGAIZC Figure 3 10 Example of ancestor and descendant components in the project panel tree An ancestor component requires a list of methods and events interface which must be implemented by an ancestor component The error is shown if the ancestor component does not implement any of them For example if the settings of the descendant component do not allow it to generate this method Component Sharing Component sharing allows the user to cause several components to use capability of one component with the way similar to inheritance This feature allows shari
123. ower API in Logical Device Drivers In the example above DPM Dynamic Power Manager task may opt to care for a selected number of peripherals for graceful power mode change eg FEC CAN and rest of the peripheral drivers need not know the power mode change When opted for informing a peripheral device driver the DPM can build a semaphore object for low power acknowledgement from the device drivers When all such acknowledgements arrive ie Semaphore count equals zero the CPU can be placed into a wait sleep power mode In the future with silicon design modifications these semaphores can be implemented in the hardware and as a result a much faster power mode change can be expected In There is no DPM in typical bare metal applications the DPM task is implemented In this case DPM is substituted by a user application code 3 2 2 CPU Components A CPU component is an Embedded Component encapsulating one CPU type Like all other components CPU Components also have properties methods and events A Processor Expert project may contain several CPU components The project generated for one CPU is called an Application CPUs included in a project are displayed in the upper part of the Project panel depending on the Project panel settings Before starting the code generation one of the CPU components must be active selected as the Target CPU The Build options accessible in the Component Inspector of the CPU component allow the user to set properti
124. pert also protects against the use of one peripheral in two components If the peripheral is allocated for one component then the settings of this peripheral cannot be changed by any other component The state of an allocated peripheral should never be changed directly in the user code Using special registers I O ports etc It is recommended to always use methods generated by Processor Expert Note that if a peripheral is allocated to any component all its parts are reserved For example if you use the 6 bit I O port all the T O pins of the port are allocated and it is not possible to use them in other components In some timer components you can choose if you want to use only a part of the timer compare register or an entire timer If you select the entire timer the driver can be optimized to work best with the timer It can for example invoke reset of the timer whenever is it needed by the component function 50 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design Interrupt Priority If the target CPU shares interrupt priority between several interrupt vectors or shares interrupt vectors Processor Expert provides checking of interrupt priority settings For detailed information about Interrupt Priority see the Priorities page Memory Processor Expert always checks the usage of the internal and external memories accessible throught CPU address and data bus Position and size of internal memory is defined by the CPU type and can be conf
125. pied or moved to another directory it is still possible to open and use it in the new location Project Directory Structure Processor Expert uses the following sub directory structure within the project directory Generated_Code the directory containing all generated source code modules for components Documentation the directory with the project documentation files generated by Processor Expert Sources the directory for main module event module other user modules Please see details on files generated by Processor Expert in 3 5 1 Code Generation User templates and components User created templates see chapter 3 5 5 Creating User Component Templates and components created in Component Wizard see chapter 5 Component Wizard Description are shared by all users and they are stored in the directory SALLUSERSPROFILES ApplicationData Processor Expert version For example C Documents and Settings All Users A pplicationData Processor Expert CW08_PE3_02 89 Processor Expert User Manual Processor Expert Tutorials 4 Processor Expert Tutorials This tutorial is provided for embedded system designers who wish to learn quickly how to use the exclusive features of Processor Expert Reading this tutorial may be all you need to start using Processor Expert for your own application The following tutorials are available Kinetis Project 1 4 1 Tutorial Project 1 for Kinetis Microcontrollers This simple
126. plication built from these components can be easily ported to another microcontroller supported by the Processor Expert Processor Expert User Manual Introduction They provide methods and events for runtime control See 5 2 Component Categories for details Internal peripherals internal devices of the MCU such as ports timers A D converters etc usually controlled by the CPU core using special registers ISR Interrupt Service Routine code which is called when an interrupt occurs LDD components Logical Device Driver components The LDD components are efficient set of components that are ready to be used together with RTOS They provide a unified hardware access across MCUs allowing to develop simpler and more portable RTOS drivers See 3 2 1 1 Component Categories for details Low level component a component dependent on the peripheral structure to allow the user to benefit from the non standard features of a peripheral The level of portability is decreased because of this peripheral dependency See 3 2 1 1 Component Categories for details MCU Microcontroller Unit microcontroller used in our application Methods user callable functions or sub routines The user can select which of them will be generated and which not Selected methods will be generated during the code generation process into the component modules Module Source code module could be generated by Processor Expert Component modules CPU Modul
127. r example some interrupt flags are cleared by writing 1 Please see the MCU manual for details on registers behavior In case the peripheral is allocated by a component and the setting of the component is incorrect the initialization values are not displayed in the Peripheral Initialization window 33 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design 3 Application Design This chapter will hep you to design application using Processor Expert and Embedded Components You will find here recommendations and solutions to write and optimize a code effectively If you are a beginner please see the section Quick start that shows how to generate the code of your first project The following subchapters explain Quick Start in Processor Expert Basic Principles Configuring Components Implementation Details Code Generation and Usage Embedded Component Optimizations Converting Project to Use Processor Expert Low level Access to Peripherals e Processor Expert Files and Directories 3 1 Quick Start in Processor Expert Step 1 Open an example You can start learning Processor Expert by opening one of the available examples Use the command File gt Import to open the Import dialog Then select General Existing Projects into Workspace and click Next button All Processor Expert examples can be found within the folder CodeWarrior fo MCUs MCU CodeWarrior_Examples Processor_Expert Use the Browse button and sel
128. r is the priority The platform independent interrupt priority values in Processor Expert described on top of this section are mapped to these values The default priority depends on the position of an associated bit in a SIPx register The interrupt priority can be changed to any value within the allowed range Interrupts with lower priority number higher priority of execution are polled first If two interrupts have assigned the same priority number then the order in which they are polled depends on the default priority For more details on interrupts on RSO8 please see the chapter Version Specific Information for RSO8 Version specific information for ColdFire V1 derivatives On the ColdFire V1 platform an interrupt priority of an interrupt is determined by an Interrupt Level 1 7 and a Priority within Level 0 7 Please see the CPU data sheet for interrupt priority system details The applied interrupt priority value the value displayed in the third column of the Component Inspector contains both values e g Level 4 priority within level 6 The target independent values of interrupt priority e g minimum maximum etc are mapped either to the default priority of the selected interrupt or to Level 6 Priority within level 6 or level 6 Priority within level 7 47 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design Priority of Event Code Version specific information for Kinetis derivatives Priority of event code is not supported on
129. rocessor Expert 85 CPU block diagram _ _ _ 30 CPU Components ooo 41 CPU package _ ee 30 CPU Properties overview _ 2 2 22 222 43 CP ICKS I calc eR A eee 29 Creating own components ccoo o 96 Design time checking _ 50 DI a a 89 DIV meri 11 Embedded Components __ 35 Enabling component Loco 77 Environment options 22 2 o 17 Error codesta ase oL SEED ew ele TD Me 76 Even a iE tabulis Dub ts 11 45 Features icc ico a rio a 5 Ele LT A A A e E ce 89 General optimizations __ oooocooooooooo 83 Generated code optimizations _ 29 HC S 08 implementation details ___ 62 HCO8 timers ni is 64 HCS08 timers ccoo 64 High level components _ 37 High speed Modes 2 2 20oc oc Sek a 43 Implementation details _ 58 Inheritance se fe 82 wae ected tte hs 55 Init Component usage 80 Init Method usage 2 l l 80 81 Initializing component occ 80 81 Inspector cocacola os e mes da 22 Inspector items 23 Internal peripherals coco 12 97 Interrupt initialization 2 80 Interrupts acc acre Eccc See eee 45 Items visibility Lloc 24 Kinetis implementation details 72 EB D 222 des eee O e o BE i side 39 LDD Component usage 81 Levels of abstraction
130. roject 1 for Kinetis Step 3 Configuring components 1 2 Click on the GPIO1 GPIO LDD component to open it in Component Inspector view In the Component Inspector set the property Field name in the first Bit field group to LedPin Select pin PTAIO it corresponds to LED17 on the tower board Then set the Initial pin direction property to Output Sy Component Inspector SN Properties Methods Events Port Port width 32 bits Mask of allocated pins 400 H Interrupt service event Disabled Bit fields 1 Bit field Field name LedPin E Pins 1 E Pin Pin PTA10 FTM2_CHO PTA10 Pin signal Initial pin direction Output d Tnitial eu itriit state n In the Project Panel click on the TU1 TimerUnit LDD component to open it in the Component Inspector Set the following properties Counter to PIT CVALO Counter direction to Down Counter restart to On match This will allow to set desired period of interrupt otherwise interrupt invocation period is fixed to counter overflow Counter frequency use the dialog button and select the only value offered in the right pane 20 972MHz Counter restart Period click on the dialog button and set Init value to 0 5 sec Interrupt to Enabled 92 Processor Expert User Manual Processor Expert Tutorials Sy Component Inspector xe Properties Methods Events Module name I Counter PI
131. rows in ascending or descending order Double clicking on a value will place the value into the currently edited row within the Timing values table The values listed in the possible settings table depend on the following timing settings e prescalers minimal timer ticks and it also depend on selected CPU selected peripheral speed modes enabled for the component The table contains a speed mode tabs speed modes and related settings are supported only in the EXPERT view mode that allow to filter the displayed intervals for a specific speed mode or show intersection of all Please note that the intersection contains only a values that can be set in all speed modes with absolute precision without any error so some values that are still valid due to non zero Error allowed value are not shown 28 Processor Expert User Manual User Interface 2 4 3 2 Syntax for the Timing Setup in the Component Inspector The properties that contain timing settings can be configure using the timing dialog box For details please see the chapter 2 4 3 1 Dialog Box for Timing Settings or directly by entering the timing value If the timing values are specified directly it s necessary to type not only a value integer or real number but also the unit of that value The following units are supported microseconds A value must be followed by us milliseconds A value must be followed by ms e seconds A value must be followed by s
132. rror codes are defined in the PE_Error module Error code value is 8 bit unsigned byte Range 0 127 is reserved for PE and 128 255 for user ERR_OK 0 OK ERR SPEED 1 This device does not work in the active speed mode ERR_RANGE 2 Parameter out of range ERR VALUE 3 Parameter of incorrect value ERR OVERFLOW 4 Timer overflow ERR MATH 5 Overflow during evaluation ERR ENABLED 6 Device is enabled ERR DISABLED 7 Device is disabled ERR BUSY 8 Device is busy ERR NOTAVAIL 9 Requested value not available ERR RXEMPTY ERR TXFULL No data in receiver j Transmitter is full 76 Processor Expert User Manual ERR BUSOFF ERR OVERRUN ERR FRAMING ERR PARITY ERR NOISE ERR IDLE ERR FAULT ERR BREAK ERR CRC ERR ARBITR ERR PROTECT ERR UNDERFLOW ERR UNDERRUN ERR COMMON ERR LINSYNC ERR FAILED ERR QFULL 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Application Design Bus not available Overrun is present Framing error is detected Parity error is detected Noise error is detected Idle error is detected Fault error is detected Break char is received during communication CRC error is detected A node loses arbitration This error occurs if two nodes start transmission at the same time Protection error is detected Underflow error is detected Underrun error is detected General unspecified error of a device The user can get a specific error code us
133. rupt will be monitored and set the name of the ISR function for example Trap One function can be used to capture more interrupts if property Allow duplicate ISR names is set to yes The Trap function will contain only the SWI instruction interrupt void Trap void asm SWI 3 4 4 Version Specific Information for RS08 The ROM and RAM ranges depend on the target CPU The RESERVED RAM size for pseudo registers storage is by default 5 bytes Component implementation details e Interrupts Some of the RSO8 derivatives do not support interrupts so the components on these CPUs are limited and some are not available The following components are not available on the RSOS derivatives without interrupt support because they depend on interrupt s ExtInt TimerInt FreeCntr8 FreeCntr16 FreeCntr32 R TIshared InterruptVector TimeDate Derivatives of the RSO8 family with CPU core version 2 support a single global interrupt vector The interrupt doesn t support a vector table lookup mechanism as used on the HC S 08 devices It is the responsibility of a routine servicing the global interrupt to poll the system interrupt pending registers SIPx to determine if an interrupt is pending To support the single global interrupt vector Processor Expert defines a set of emulated interrupt vectors for each HW module which duplicates interrupt vectors of the HCS08 family When an emulated interrupt vector is used by a component a call to the appropriate interrup
134. s defined in the cpu module usually Cpu c and provides necessary system initialization such as PLL and external bus Sometimes it is necessary to do some special user initialization immediately after the cpu reset Processor Expert provides a possibility to insert user code into the __initialize_hardware function There is a User Initialization property in the build options tab of a CPU component inspector defined for this purpose See chapter Component Inspector for details See 2 4 3 Component Inspector for details PE low level init There is a second level of Processor Expert initialization PE low level init called at the beginning of the main function PE low level init function provides initialization of all components in project and it is necessary for proper functionality of the Processor Expert project OnReset event The user can write the code that will be invoked from the PE_low_level_init function after Processor Expert internal initialization but before the initialization of individual components Thus the user should expect that peripherals are not completely initialized yet This event can be enabled disabled in the CPU component inspector s events page 3 4 3 Version Specific Information for Freescale HC S 08 and ColdFire V1 derivatives The ROM Z_RAM and RAM ranges depend on the target MCU It is recommended to increase the stack size if some standard libraries are used For the detailed information on debugg
135. server and set the remote server settings to address 127 0 0 1 and port 9999 3 The close CodeWarrior and start PEsrv exe calling the following command in the CW_instal_dir MCU ProcessorExpert directory wine PEsrv exe 4 Start CodeWarrior and Processor Expert should be working 15 Processor Expert User Manual User Interface 2 User Interface Processor Expert menu is integrated as a plugin in the CodeWarrior IDE offering set of views There is also a menu item named Processor Expert offering PE related commands See Processor Expert plug in Main menu page for description of individual items The user interface of Processor Expert consists of the following windows Project Editing Windows Project panel Shows projects with files and components within the projects Inspector Allows the user to setup components of the project Components Library Shows all supported components including CPU components and component templates Target CPU Shows CPU package structure and components connected to internal peripherals Project Information Windows Peripheral Initialization Shows overview of the peripheral initialization settings for the current CPU Memory Map Shows the CPU address space and internal and external memory mapping 2 1 Main Menu The Processor Expert Plug in is integrated into the CodeWarrior Eclipse IDE as plugin application The IDE main menu contains a new menu item named Proce
136. ssor Expert The Processor Expert menu includes the following command s Component Wizard Invokes Component wizard tool See 5 Component Wizard Description for details Show views Shows standard Processor Expert windows in case they are hidden Hide views Hides Processor Expert views Import package This command allows to select and install Processor Expert update packages PEUpd files These files can be for example created in Component Wizard by exporting a user s component For commands related to individual projects please follow to 2 2 Project Panel View For Processor Expert related settings and options please follow to 2 1 1 Processor Expert Options Processor Expert User Manual User Interface 2 1 1 Processor Expert Options Project Options Project options related to Processor Expert can be found in Properties dialog available using the command Project gt Properties Then select Processor Expert page in the list on the left Description of the individual options can be found in the hint window displayed when the cursor is placed on an item Properties for Test c type filter text Processor Expert Project Options V wow Resource Builders Main amp Events directory Sources C C Build Generated code directory Generated Code C C General Documentation directory Documentation Linked Resources Project settings directory Project Settings Processor Expert Overwrite user modules Smart update rec
137. status and data registers of selected peripheral including single bits The values are grouped into two parts Peripheral registers containing registers directly related to the selected peripheral and Additional registers containing the registers that are influenced by the component but are not listed for the peripheral currently selected in this window The initialization information reflects e MCU default settings When the peripheral is not utilized by any Embedded Component Embedded Component settings When the peripheral is utilized by an Embedded Component and the component settings are correct Peripheral Initialization Inspector shows initialization as required by the component settings Register Values Table The table within the window shows the restisters and their initialization value displayed in the column Init value This value written into the register or bit by the generated code during the initialization process of the application It is the last value that is written by the initialization function to the register The After reset column contains the value that is in the register by default after the reset The values of the registers are displayed in the hexadecimal and binary form In case the value of the register or bit is not defined an interrogation mark is displayed instead of the value Note For some registers the value read from the register afterwards can be different than the last written value Fo
138. ster SynchroSlave AsynchroMaster AsynchroSlave IIC ADC internal memories This group of components allows comfortable settings of a desired functionality such as time in ms or frequency in Hz without user knowing about the details of the hardware registers CPU specific features are supported only as CPU specific settings or methods and are not portable The components inheriting or sharing a high level component s to access hardware are also high level components 87 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design Low Level Components Components that are dependent on the peripheral structure to allow the user to benefit from the non standard features of a peripheral The level of portability is decreased due to a different component interface and the component is usually implemented only for a CPU family offering the appropriate peripheral However you can easily set device features and use effective set of methods and events Peripheral Initialization Components Components that are on the lowest level of abstraction An interface of such components is based on the set of peripheral control registers These components cover all features of the peripherals and are designed for initialization of these peripherals Usually contain only Init method see 3 5 3 1 Typical Usage of Peripheral Initialization Components for further details The rest of the function has to be implemented using a low level access to the peripheral This ki
139. t service routine is added to the global interrupt service routine The global interrupt vector routine performs check of the SIPx registers to determine if an interrupt is pending The order in which the SIPx registers are polled is affected by priority of the emulated interrupts For priority settings details please see the chapter 3 3 1 1 Processor Expert Priority System CPU Speed Mode selection CPU methods SetHighSpeed SetLowSpeed SetSlowSpeed if CPU clock dependent components are used then signals generated from such internal peripherals may be corrupted at the moment of the speed mode selection if function of clocked devices is enabled Handling of such a situation may be done using events BeforeNewSpeed and AfterNewSpeed e PPG The PPG components always allocate whole timer Although it is possible to share the selected timer between 2 PPG components it would be impossible to set the PPG period for these two components separately More information about this component can be found in chapter Timers 68 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design PWM In contrast to the PPG components it is possible for PWM components to share the selected timer since they do not have the SetPeriod method More information about this component can be found in chapter Timers WatchDog When the Watchdog component is added to the project it is automatically enabled The enabling code is placed in the CPU initialization code No
140. tails please see chapter 3 2 1 Embedded Components Project Pop up Menu This menu is available using right click at the ProcessorExpert pe file It contains the standart Code Warrior commands please refer to the documentation for the description with the following PE specific commands Generate Processor Expert Code Invokes code generation for the current project The generated files are automatically inserted into the active default target in the CodeWarriors project Generated files corresponding to the Embedded Components can be accessed from the Code folder See 3 5 1 Code Generation for details Component Pop up Menu Inspector Opens Component Inspector window for the component Code Generation Allows to disable enable of generated module for the component View source Opens the generated code from the selected component for the source code editor Please note that the code is available only after successful code generation Component Enabled Enables disables component in the project Remove component from project Deletes the component from the project Help on component Shows on line help for the component Save Component Settings As Template Creates a template of the selected component See 3 3 5 Creating User Component Templates for details Peripheral Initialization Opens the Peripheral Initialization view for the peripheral initialized by the selected bean See 2 7 Peripheral Initialization View for
141. te Watchdog is enabled by a write to the configuration register This register can be written only once after CPU reset Since the register also contains other bits which are written during the CPU initialization the watchdog must be enabled when CPU is initialized The property CPU clock speed selection has no effect because the COP timer clock source is CGMXCLK AsynchroSerial Timing setting values from list enables to select various values denoted by changes of the prescaler most tightly coupled with UART e SynchroMaster If a mode fault occurs the component is disabled at the beginning of the RecvChar method SynchroSlave When Clock edge property falling edge Shift clock idle polarity property Low or Clock edge property rising edge and Shift clock idle polarity property High the SS pin of the slave SPI module must be set to logic 1 between bytes The falling edge of SS indicates the beginning of the transmission This causes the SPI to leave its idle state and begin driving the MISO pin with the MSB of its data Once the transmission begins no new data is allowed into the shift register from the data register Therefore the slave data register must be loaded with the desired transmit data before the falling edge of SS BitIO BitsIO ByteIO Byte2IO Byte3IO Byte4IO The GetVal and GetDir methods are always implemented as macros Optimization for property BitlO BitsIO doesn t influence the generated code e AD
142. te new appropriate bean just now Use existing bean El2C1 Create new bean from template External 12C Y OK X Cancel Help Figure 3 12 Example of popup menu for creating new shared ancestor component 56 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design Run time Resources Allocation Processor Expert generated code does not check the usage of shared resources code It s up to the user to ensure the correct run time resources allocation of a shared ancestor component Often it is not possible for a shared ancestor component to be used simultaneously by several components 3 3 8 Pin Sharing Reading a Pin Value without its Initialization Note InputPin component is not available in this version The InputPin component supports reading of input pin signal without any previous pin initialization The feature can be used only if the pin port contains RAW DATA register which allows reading the input pin signal in any settings of the related peripherals See the component documentation for more details Sharing Pins among Peripherals Some CPUs allows some pins to be used by multiple peripherals This may lead to the need of sharing pin s by multiple components Normally if the user selects one pin in more than one component a conflict is reported However it is possible to setup a sharing for such pin in the component inspector One of the components sharing a pin has to be chosen as a main component
143. ternatively you can use the Component Inspector window open the view menu using the arrow icon in the top right corner and select Save component settings as template 2 Fill in the template details into the dialog box and confirm x Component Template Name myByter Template Author me 00 O Template Description General Byte Input Output Bbits 3 The template appears within the Components Library and can be inserted into projects It may be necessary to invoke refresh command by selecting the Components Library pop up menu gt Refresh Init WDOG A i InputPin i Q Internal_I2C QR Internalt2c i i InterruptVector intrLasH Qe i MyByte1 j 1 General Byte Input Output 8 bits i 3 oe Template of component ByteIO 53 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design 3 3 6 Signal Names The main purpose of signals is to allow the user to name the pins used by components with names corresponding to the application Assigning Signals to Pins A signal name can be assigned to an allocated pin by specifying the signal name into the appropriate property e g Pin signal in the Component Properties available in ADVANCED view mode Signal name is an identifier that must start with a letter and rest of the name must contain only letters numbers and underscore characters For the components that allocate a whole port such as BytelO there are two options Assign a same signal name to all pins of port
144. timing at run time by switching among several predefined values or by setting a value from given interval For the runtime setting from interval the prescaler value is fixed and the Processor Expert allows to adjust the time using a compare reload registers It means that Processor Expert allows to configure the limits of an interval only within a range of one prescaler and it s possible to set values from this interval only See 2 4 3 1 Dialog Box for Timing Settings for details Speed Modes Processor Expert provides three speed modes that are generalization of all the possible CPU clock speed modes used for power saving supported by most of the modern microcontrollers See 3 2 2 2 Speed Modes Support for details 52 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design 3 3 5 Creating User Component Templates If you frequently use a component with the same specific settings you may need to save the component with its settings as a template This template is displayed in the Components library under given name behaves as a normal component and could be added to any project The template has the same properties as the original component The values of the properties are preset in the template and could be marked as read only This section describes how to create a component template and save it Creating and Saving Templates 1 Open the pop up menu of the component in the Project Panel and select Save component settings as template 7 Al
145. tutorial describes a periodically blinking LED project The LED is connected to one pin of the CPU and it is controlled by a periodical timer interrupt Please note that the project is designed to work with MK60X256VMD100 CPU and TWR K60NSI2 tower board However it s not necessary to have this hardware The project can be created without it Components This simple Processor Expert demo project uses the following LDD Embedded Components See 3 2 Component Categories for details 1 MK60X256VMD100 CPU component 2 GPIO LDD This component will control LED output connected to PTA10 pin 3 TimerUnit LDD This component will provide periodical timing Steps This tutorial contains the following main steps 1 Creating a new project Adding and renaming components Configuring components Je spa Generating and writing code g g 4 1 1 Tutorial Project 1 for Kinetis Step 1 Creating a New Project 1 In the CodeWarrior click on the command New Bareboard Project in the menu File in the CodeWarrior window in order to create a new project 2 The Project Wizard dialog window appears Enter the name of the project LED Click on the Next button Select Kinetis MK60 MK60X256VMD100 Click on the Next button P amp E USB BDM Multilink is set as the default connection Click on the Next button Skip addition of existing files by clicking on the Next button C is set in Languages dialog Continue by clicking o
146. u The Generate code Don t generate code settings of methods and events works the same way and determines whether the implementation code for the corresponding method or event will be generated or not you may thus generate only the methods and events used by your application Enumeration Selection from a list of values If the user clicks the arrow icon Y a list of the possible values for the property is offered Enumeration Group A list of items Number of visible and valid items in the group depends on chosen value Clicking the arrow icon CY will show a list of the possible values of the property Clicking the sign shows hides the items in the group but doesn t influence value or validity of the items File Directory Selection Allows to specify a file or directory Clicking the E icon opens a system dialog window allowing to select a file directory Group double clicking at the row Values of the items in the group are untouched A list of items that can be expanded collapsed by clicking on the plus minus icon or by Integer Number The user can insert a number of a selected radix Radix of the number could be switched using the icons H 8 D Decimal H Hexadecimal B Binary Only reasonable radixes are offered for the property If the radix switching icon is not present Processor Expert expects the decimal radix Link to Inherited component The down arrow button allows to change the ancestor from the list
147. us box The status box displays a status of the timing setting s If the timing requirements are impossible to meet a red error message is displayed otherwise it s blank and gray Possible settings table This table is displayed on the right side of the timing dialog box when you click the Possible settings button on the top The table shows values supported by the target CPU for the selected peripheral If there are only individual values available to set the table contains a list of values each row represents one value If there are intervals with a constant step available each row contains one of the intervals with three values From Till minimum and maximum value Step a step between values within the interval The way the values are displayed may be dependent on Runtime setting type If it s fixed value or from list of values the values present in more rows overlapping intervals are shown only once If the from time interval runtime setting type is used all intervals that can be set by various prescalers combinations are shown even if they overlap It s because intervals can differ in resolution that is number of individual timing steps that can be achieved within them Timing unit If a frequency unit is used e g Hz KHz the step column is not visible By clicking on the table header there is possible to order the rows as per selected column By clicking the same column again the user can arrange the
148. warnings 0 others 1 Memory Description Resource Path Location Type 3 7 Pericheral Initialization afl SIC YER Ts alae gt el Figure 1 1 CodeWarrior IDE with Processor Expert plug in active How to Create a New Project See the chapter 4 Processor Expert Tutorials or 3 1 Quick Start in Processor Expert for step by step instructions on how to create a new Processor Expert project Where to find source code and user modules Processor Expert generates all drivers during the code generation process The generated files are automatically inserted into the active default target in the CodeWarrior project For more information on generated files please see the chapter 3 5 7 Code Generation 1 2 Features Processor Expert has built in knowledge internal definitions about all microcontroller units and integrated peripherals The microcontroller units and peripherals are encapsulated into configurable components called Embedded Components each of which provides a set of useful properties methods and events An intuitive and powerful User Interface UI allows the user to define the system behavior in several steps A simple system can be created just by selecting the necessary components setting their properties to the required values and maybe also dragging and dropping some of their methods to the user part of the project source code Processor Expert User Manual Introduction Processor Expert Key Compon
149. xpert and its configuration and code generation features eliminate the necessity to be otherwise preoccupied with the hardware dependencies Processor Expert could also even suggest the right member of a microprocessor family for the specific application Producers of intelligent peripheral l Os and other devices Complex and feature rich peripherals and controllers require immense efforts to use them efficiently even if device drivers are supplied by the factory But imagine the possibility of supporting customers with components providing a standard software interface that allows building applications and using new hardware device features easily The Processor Expert environment allows this customers can easily download new components from the internet and install them into Processor Expert Producers of hardware of microprocessor systems Microprocessor boards that are to be programmed by a customer must be well supported by software Processor Expert can handle software configuration and generation of drivers for microprocessor devices and off chip peripheral devices Creating an application using Processor Expert takes usually 7096 less time than with standard Integrated Development Environments IDEs containing only a source code editor compiler debugger Processor Expert User Manual Introduction Producers of OS Processor Expert can be used to build an OS kernel or OS drivers Also due to its open component architecture and support
150. y Processor Expert 5 00 Beta for Freescale Microcontrollers PE core 04 Configuration Debug_SO8GW64CLH Target CPU MC9S08GW64 64 CPUDB ver 3 00 000 Component Cpu MC9S08GW64_64 the following files modified due to inter Generated CodeNVectors c changed Generated CodeNCpu h changed 74 Processor Expert User Manual Application Design Generated CodeNCpu c changed New component PWM1 PWM ver 02 231 driver ver 01 28 added to ther Generated CodeNPWMi1 h added Generated CodeMPWMl c added Documentation Documentation ProcessorExpert txt regenerated Documentation ProcessorExpert_Settings xml regenerated Other files have been modified due to internal interdependency Generated CodeNPE Timer h added Generated CodeNPE Timer c added User modules Sources ProcessorExpert c changed updated list of included header files Sources Events h changed updated list of included header files Totally 11 file s changed during code generation To view changes within the individual files the user can use a file pop up menu command Compare with Local history available in Project panel It allows to compare files with the version before the code generation 3 5 2 Predefined Types Macros and Constants Processor Expert generates definitions of all hardware register structures to the file IO Map h The Processor Expert type definiti
151. y invoked from the internal interrupt service routines generated by Processor Expert If the enabled event handling routine is not already present in the event module then the header and implementation files are updated and an empty function without any code is inserted The user can write event handling code into this procedure and this code will not be changed during the next code generation All Methods and Events of each component inserted into the project are visible as a subtree of components in the Project panel Interrupt Subroutines Some components especially the Low level components and the Peripheral Initialization components please see more details in chapter 3 2 1 1 Component Categories allow to assign an interrupt service routine ISR name to a specific interrupt vector setup The name of the Interrupt service is generated directly to the interrupt vector table and the user has to do all necessary control registers handling within the user code See 3 5 3 1 Typical Usage of Peripheral Initialization Components for details ISRs items are listed in the subtree of a component in the Project panel E Yi ADCI Init ADC Z M Init TO AA B ZeroCross ISA name of INT ADCA ZC LE Figure 3 1 Example Of a Component With Two ISRs Highly Configurable and Extensible Library Embedded Components can be created and edited manually or with the help of Component Wizard CPU Components are a special category of components

CodeWarrior for Microcontrollers V10 Processor Expert User Manual

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents