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AS-Interface Analyser User Manual

1. eene 13 Overview Overview with Hold Time uie tre rette o ere riter etae 15 Advanced Stalistis rne re trt eve bon le ee e db v d dee 15 Consecutive Errors E COMMA OND RM Em Online Statistics without Notebook ssssssssssseeeeeenenenneeene nennen 19 Logging of the Online Statistics 20 Offline Statistics 22 Data Mode 22 Digital Data 22 Analog I O Data 1 24 Safety Data aeee ep Trace Mode Expert Mode 25 Contents of a Trace 27 Complete Tracing sssse 227 Manual Start Trace without a Trigger Trace with Trigger Internal Trigger 128 External Trigger nen nennen neren rennen nennt 30 3 issue date 27 7 2005 5 7 4 3 5 7 5 5 7 6 oM 5 7 8 5 7 9 6 1 6 2 6 3 6 4 7A 7 2 7 3 7 3 1 7 3 2 7 3 3 7 3 4 7 3 5 7 3 6 7 3 7 7 4 7 5 8 1 10 Trigger Output 2 hive dina de i REUTERS 31 Trace with Recording Filter sessessssessesseseseeeeeeennne ennt 31 Nucuc dvAgcce 32 Trace without Notebook esssssessseeeeeneeneeneeenren nee eene neret nnne 32 Safety Data in the Traberg nennen nnne 32 Storage and Offline Working on Traces se 34 Valuation of Errors eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eene nnne nennen 35 Uncritical Ne
2. AS Interface Analyser User Manual Table of Contents 2 1 2 2 3 1 3 2 3 2 1 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 9 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 3 1 5 3 2 5 3 3 5 3 4 5 3 5 5 3 6 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 6 1 5 6 2 5 6 3 5 7 5 7 1 5 7 2 5 7 3 5 7 4 5 7 4 1 5 7 4 2 The Symbols Used reete rettet 4 Safety euenit euer 5 Intended USE ect 5 General Safety Information 5 The AS Interface Analyser eese 6 General 6 Version 2 0 6 Man al 12 retreat vet De e d baie E eva ete a er Pa Dodo 6 Quick Start iueierteet coria rana anaE aa aaa ego oe Lese CH SEE van Aii 8 Installation and First Steps ccseccescceeseeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeesneeeeneeeneeseeeesenenseeeeaees 8 Index Card Overview 8 Index Card Overview with Hold Time wid Advanced Statistics 1 cease rie crie cei sen ceehandedevetcsieestaeeeesacseeesenerd 9 CornsecutilVe EITOIS iecoris cese rene vere Eraser rUener cos SusU E ene c rr daaa ERE OE NEUES 9 Configuration 9 Ben pene 9 ledig 9 Trace m 9 Functions of the Analyser eeeeseeeeeeeeeeeennneenn nnn 11 Overview Fe Installati n scsscecccdsivensiccdviveserstauucsvccedasins ddavdedvenv teveveuscectactasuucvcssdantesdabysrveceundevs 13 Online Statistics Standard Mode
3. the cycle time the measured time since the last deleting process andthe number of slave telegrams without master calls These errors are very rare They can occur if the analyser is in a position in the net at which it recog nizes slave telegrams but no master telegrams The button Hold stops the counts in the display However it continues to run in the background as long as no other operating mode is activated Pressing the button Go again updates the display If the statistics have been stopped this is represented by a Stop Tl indication in the window Note Consecutive Errors The tab Consecutive Errors brings with the analysis of the multiple errors a fur ther detailed representation of the error situation It is differentiated between er rors that appear a single time and those for which more master calls are needed before getting a valid response telegram failure class If only the narrow white field is indicated for a slave this means that no telegram repetitions have occurred at run time Up to 6 following broader fields indicate that errors arose for the respective slave This is depicted in such a way that you can see the number of consecutive repetitions from 1 until 6 increasing from olive green until red The largest consecutive error is represented If an existing slave is not represented by a white field this slave is not in an actual data exchange Pointing with the mouse to this error rep
4. v Read Ext ID 1 2 jv 8 1000 f 8 1000 ws p 25 3A 25A 98 25B v Read Status jv 93 1001 S 1001 10 26 f 10A 26A 10B 26B fv RI iv A 1010 A 1010 rw f 2 f AT 27A TIBI 27B M Broadcast Reset iv B 1011 B 1011 T 12 2 fT 12A 28A 12B 288 iv C 1100 C 1100 ag 128 13A 29A 13B 298 iv D 1101 D 1101 T 14 30 1A 304 14B 308 iv E 1110 E 1110 rais 3 15A 3IAJ T 15BT 31B ijv F 1111 Fen A IV no answer Template r i all values AS i Level Cancel Help Fig 14 Itis specified in the recording filter which data packets are stored in the example only calls with incorrect telegrams and missing telegrams are stored 31 5 7 6 5 7 7 5 7 8 32 The setting for a complete trace is particular simple By pressing the button Set All or automatic assumption of the slave list from the online statistics you get the correct configuration of the filter Trace View Filter With a trace view filter not the number of captured telegrams but the representati on in the PC is limited The representation is reduced to certain data packets in order to filter only data which are really interesting This presentation can be chan ged at any time A mask under Options Trace View Filter stands for disposal for the definition of the filter conditions also it is similarly build as the mask for the internal trigger and the recording filter Apply as in the mask for the internal trigg
5. for separators as text recognition characters and text as data format for all columns If due to a trace view filter only a part of the data packets have been displayed at the mo ment of storing this reduced view appears in Excel The rest of the file cannot be represented However that solves another problem Excel can represent only a li mited number of lines Due to a view filter the trace can be reduced in such a way that it is representable in Excel In the last column the content of all lines is repea ted in a hexadecimal form for a second time issue date 27 7 2005 issue date 27 7 2005 6 1 Valuation of Errors With the analyser a very effective instrument for the examination of the data traffic on the AS Interface line is made available It indicates each telegram repetition as an Error However it is the user of the analyser who has to interpret the practical meaning of such an error AS Interface was developed as an industrial communication system with an unshielded cable and therefore it is used extremely successfully Single telegram repetitions are taken into account thereby They appear if the safety routines de tect an incorrect code in a telegram That forces immediately a first repetition of the telegram which leads to a delay of approx 150 us If also this repetition remains unsuccessful also the master attempts two communicate another two times with this slave during the two following cycles The analyser
6. the tab Safe ty Data indicates whether the slave has released or it is free Two details The representation of the safety data is only valid for a moment as for all I O data i e itis updated approx in a 1 second rhythm Safety slaves which have to be reset externally after they have been released keep on sending the re leased signal The information Released persists Inthis representation only 2 channel slaves in which both channels switch on or off are interpreted If only 1 channel of a 2 channel slave has been switched off that cannot be represented here correctly However the situation can be evalu ated in the safety monitor of the trace mode see chapter 5 7 9 LLO Data xj Digital Data Analog Values Safety Data Single Slaves Channel Channel 0 16 1 Released 17 2 hee 18 3 hee 18 amp fee 20 5 free 21 6 22 7 23 8 24 g 25 10 26 tT 27 12 28 13 29 Me 30 AS 3t Cancel Help Fig 10 The status is indicated for 1 channel safety related slaves Trace Mode Expert Mode In the Trace Mode the analyser notes each particular telegram or those which are selected after triggers and filters They are loaded into an attached notebook and analyzed there The analysis requires some detail knowledge of the function of AS Interface but it is a very powerful tool for the analysis of a facility Therefore the mode is called Expert Mode Th
7. 3 It shows for the actual configura tion which slaves are without any problem green are noticeable because of Telegram repetitions warning yellow exhibit too many repetitions or possibly temporary completely fail error red If the master of the net is in the protected mode the representation shows in ad dition which slave addresses are Occupied but not or wrongly configured grey In this overview the critical messages yellow red and grey remain displayed as long as either the net gets a restart or the Analyser is put back by pushing the Clear all button issue date 27 7 2005 issue date 27 7 2005 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 9 Index Card Overview with Hold Time In the Overview with Hold Time view the display is put back after the indicated Hold Time So the success and failure of changes in the net can be verified quickly The Hold Time can be changed in the menu under Options Statistics Advanced Statistics In this view you can find for each slave the number of the master s data calls and the number of the missing slave answers Additionally you can see the voltage at the place of the analyser the cycle time the measured time since the last deleting process and the number of the slave telegrams without master calls Fig 4 Consecutive Errors All repetitions for each slave are analyzed here If only the narrow white field appears no repetition has o
8. O 0 1 1 11 both safety inputs contacts closed 0 6 3 0001 11 both safety inputs contacts closed 1 7683 1 U0 0 i transient state monitor switches off 12 7704 1 0000 O1 safety inputs 2 contact open 13 52098 1 1 104 11 both safety inputs contacts closed 14 56557 1 0100 transient state monitor switches off 15 56564 1 G6 6 6 9g 10 safety inputs 1 contact open 16 62577 1 1001 11 both safety inputs contacts closed M 67492 2 110 U transient state monitor switches off 18 67541 2 0000 10 safety inputs 1 contact open 19 70768 2 Ot tot 11 both safety inputs contacts closed 20 74954 2 0000 O1 2safety inputs 2 contact open 21 78916 z id dE 11 both safety inputs contacts closed Fig 15 Evaluation of a trace like in a safety monitor it shows first the code sequence in he xadecimal of the two safety slaves with the addresses 1 and 2 and then the changes between free and released for both slaves within the trace In this mask you can see the individual code sequence of the safety slaves the time of disconnections which can then be analyzed more exactly in the trace then telegram errors which did not lead to disconnection because of well timed rep etitions code errors which can be valid telegrams and therefore cannot not be recog nized elsewhere O While switching depending on the type of slave transient conditions arise which are represented in the evaluation Generally transient
9. an application program The user has to consider this evaluating the results Attention 11 The analyser can work in three different operating modes in the online stati stics in the data mode and in the trace mode fig 1 You can see the 3 paths in the block diagram of the hardware fig 2 For details see the following chapters Trigger output Analyser control Trace memory Coverage data Online statistic mode memory Trigger pote aon memory y Ext trigger Error detector Signal detecto AS Interface Fig 2 Simplified block diagram of the hardware It shows the 3 pathways of the analyser control issue date 27 7 2005 12 issue date 27 7 2005 5 2 5 3 Installation The package consists of the analyser as a data collector and of a PC software for the evaluation of the data The hardware can be connected at any place in the net via the marked inputs AS i und AS i Connect the analyser over the characterized inputs like a slave at any place in the AS Interface net without interrupting the network The analyser is supplied from there and is ready for analyzing It immediately begins with the storage of data from the online statistics If separated from the voltage supply the data stored are lost The additional trigger in and outputs are needed for the trace mode only The trigger input reacts to voltage changes between of 18 30 V The trigger output changes between 0 V und 5 V and c
10. are fixed in the profile It is specified by the manu facturer in such a way that different slaves are realizable The user of the analyser must convert however the received values according to the calibration curve of the equipment If a slave indicates an overflow through its overflow bit this is re presented by an additional point in the appropriate channel 1 0 Data EJ Digital Data Analog Values Safety Data Input Channel 0123 amp gga D 116 4 2k E Output Channel 0 1 23 E E 0 1 3 9 4 17 ii 25 a EJ E E E 2 3 10 3 18 4 28 mucin an a A n 3 d 11 4 19 4 27 E EJ ES E E 4 3 12 3 20 4 28 a o o E 20 5 3 13 14 21 3 29 a 0 E 0 0 amp 334 3 22 4 3 E 0 EJ E EU z 115 1 23 13 a M E E E Cancel Help Fig 9 In the example the slaves with address 8 und 10 are analog slaves are a 2 channel input slave adaress 8 and a 2 channel output slave address 10 Example In fig 9 an analog input module slave 8 and an analog output module slave 10 with two channels each are attached In both cases the va lue 0 corresponds to 0 V the value 10 000 to a voltage of 10 V The modules have a resolution of 1 mV The displayed values results Input module SI 8 Channel O 8 821 V Channel 1 0 V Output module SI 10 Channel 0 7 121 V Channel 1 0 051 V issue date 27 7 2005 issue date 27 7 2005 5 6 3 5 7 Safety Data For all 2 channel safety related slaves according to Safety at Work
11. is a listener in the AS Interface network It controls the message traffic and evaluates it without intervening So he can hear more than any supe rior control The results are stored in the analyser then transmitted to a PC or notebook where it can be analysed and displayed Installation instructions f the analyser is used for the first time Please install the analyser software setup en exe on your PC or notebook which will be connected with the anal yser The analyser itself is ready for operation without any special preparation Connect the analyser over the characterized inputs like a slave at any place in the AS Interface net Contrary to a normal slave the analyser does not have an own address The AS Interface does not have to be disconnected Connect the analyser over the provided cable to the computer which contains the analyser software you can connect to the computer s RS232 socket or over a suitable adapter to a USB port If you use a USB adapter avoid to change the analyser or the USB adapter during the system is running This can partly lead to crashes ll of the system Note The analyser does not need an additional power supply The PC and the AS Interface net remain galvanically separated Start the analyser software on your PC Index Card Overview With the start you receive immediately a current function overview of the network in a typical traffic lights representation Fig
12. ll conditions are no errors O The evaluation of the PC takes place in the PC It recognizes the safety slaves by their ID code and the code sequence from the cor iil rect data calls The recording filter must not fade out before switch off both neither the ID codes nor the data calls to the decisive safety Note slaves 33 5 7 9 34 Storage and Offline Working on Traces Traces can be stored and are available off line for subsequent evaluations con trols and comparisons or documentation Storing can occur in two ways with Save Trace extension trc The trace is stored in a analyser format It can be opened and processed with the analyser software afterwards with Trace Export extension tsv The trace is stored in a tabulator separated value format So it can be exported into an Excel sheet Opening You can open a stored trace off line by a click on the appropriate file If due to a track view filter only a part of the data packets have been displayed this reduced view is displayed when opening a stored file first In the background however the entire trace is present and can be represented by a change of the trace view filter Furthermore the last used settings for trigger and recording filter are stored and can be used for the data analysis as well With the export of a tsv file in Excel data formats are queried The following set tings are recommendable separated for the data type Tab stop
13. registers this as a consecutive error Only if a slave exhibits a consecutive error of the class 6 a total of 6 repetitions in 3 cycles in a row the master takes the slave out of com munication automatically and report a Configuration Error the slave is automa tically taken up to communication again at the moment it works correct again compare AS Interface specification The user of the analysers must know that these repetitions called errors only interfere with the network level So the superior control or an actuator obtains no wrong values Exactly the safety routines mentioned prevent this Using AS Interface single telegram repetitions are nearly a normal subject The green area is defined according to this knowledge fig 3b Therefore the detailed results of an analysers in the advanced statistics or in the trace mode must not lead to the unreasonable demand that each AS Interface net must run abso lutely free of telegram repetitions In fact the results give indications concerning the quality and insensitivity to interference of the respec tive net They should be interpreted according to the application and to the particular situation Attention The new function Consecutive Error supplies an important assistance for this in terpretation additionally It shows how frequently successive repetitions took place in order to receive a valid slave response Thus it shows how close a slave was to log off from comm
14. represen tation fig 3 It is callable at any time over the main menu Measure Online Sta tistics or over the colored marked button The traffic light representation shows lt 1 errors within one which slaves work trouble free green second which slaves stand out Warning yel lt 1 5 errors within low one second which slaves exhibits too many telegram 596 errors within one repetitions or possibly at times com second or config error pletely fails Error red Slave found but not If the master is in the protected mode the configured representation shows in addition Fig 3 b Legend to traffic light repre which slave addresses are occupied but sentation Telegram repeti not or wrongly configured grey tions up to 1 can be seen In this overview the critical messages yel in many applications as low red and grey remain displayed as non critical Thereby there long as either the net gets a restart or the are shown by the Analyser analyser is put back by pushing the Clear green See chapter 3 All button issue date 27 7 2005 issue date 27 7 2005 5 3 2 5 3 3 O The analyser shows exactly those slaves that are available in the net and are taken up to communication It cannot recognize slaves that ll are contained in the configuration of the master but already failed before the connection of the analyser These slaves appear in the Noe protected mode as Configuration
15. statistics is not active It is continued after the trace phase and the loading Telegram errors which have Il occurred before the start of a trace remains registered On the other hand possible errors during a trace are listed only in the trace but not in the online statistics A Arena Analyser Fi Edt Meere Otos en Node Heb iE YTt Foie pe asse emis xa gis tuse lot Esc e Note 164 0 Read JO Confgurafion 1 10 00 No Slave Response ou 163 6 Read Status 11 No Slave Response 4914 160 1 Data Exchange 0 19 No Error 4915 160 2 Data Exchange 0 4916 160 4A Data Exchange 0 4917 161 5 Data Exchange 0 4918 159 8 Data Exchange 0 4919 160 10 Data Exchange 0 4920 160 17 Data_Exchange 0 4921 160 27 Data Exchange 0 4922 161 28 Data Exchange M Read Jo Configuration 001111 19 1100 001111 18 1101 No Error 000111 19 0000 No Error 001111 3 0000 No Error 000010 0000 No Error 4930 160 10 000111 2 0100 No Error 4931 160 17 001111 19 1311 No Error 4932 161 7 001111 19 1100 No Error 4933 159 z 001111 18 1100 No Error BUA 163 0 Resd JO Confgwaflon 1 10000 JL No Slave Response 4935 160 8 Read Status 111110 19 0000 No Error Fig 11 Cut out from a complete trace The telegrams 4912 to 4935 are shown here the ex piration of 2 error free AS Interface cycles is recognisable line 4914 4924 and 4925 4935 Each AS Interface call needs 156 us In the management phase the slaves 7 and 8 are searched with a read st
16. the power LED lights green if it should be warned for one or more slaves the second LED shines yellow If the net is affected by more massive disturbances the test LED lights red Operating without a notebook the LED traffic light representation at the analyser shows the status of the net 19 5 4 20 Four restrictions are to be considered with the work without a note book Measured values remain stored only as long as the analyser is supplied out of AS Interface net The notebook must be attached Attention to the analyser for further analysis If the notebook is attached to the analyser first for example to set up the analyser but then removed the data stored up to this point is deleted the filter adjustments remain however The indication Measuring Time is generated by the PC and not by the analyser Therefore the Measuring Time can be indicated only if the online statistics have been deleted at least one time via the PC and have been started again in this way Therefore it con tinues to run also if the communication is temporarily interrupted by the master or the user program but the voltage in the AS Interface net persists The memory in the analyser is limited In the continuous mode without attached notebook data can be stored max 14 days in the statistic mode The counter stops if it reached its maximum value With attached notebook this period is extended to approximately 1 year Logging o
17. 1 0000 0000 17 1 17 2 0000 1001 18 2 18 3 0000 0110 13 3 19 4 0000 0111 20 4 20 5 0000 1100 21 5 21 B 22 6 22 7 23 R 23 8 24 amp 24 8 25 3 25 10 26 10 26 11 27 11 27 12 28 12 28 13 28 13 28 14 30 14 30 15 31 15 31 Output Process Image Output Cancel Help Fig 8 In the data mode the momentary data of the slaves are indicated The tab Digital Data shows the transferred bits from master call and slave response of all slaves taken up to communication For a correct interpretation here four details to AS Interface According to the SPS standard EN 61131 binary output data are transmitted as 1 for a HIGH level as 0 for a LOW level That applies to communication between control and master in the data image of the outputs According to the AS Interface standards IEC 62026 2 and EN 50295 within the AS Interface net exactly the opposite applies to the AS Interface Level Both representations are possible In the menu it can be given under Options Statistics whether the exits are indicated as AS Interface level outputs or as Process Image Output The display of the output data is inverted thereby So that the comparison with the data of the control or within the net becomes simpler depending upon the situation With each data call 4 bits between master and slave are exchanged in both di rections That applies even if they are partly insignificant Therefore the an
18. 3 18 23 amp 24 8 24 g 25 3 25 10 59658 18 26 10 26 T 61191 0 27 H 27 12 28 61192 12 28 13 23 13 29 14 30 14 30 15 3t 15 3t Hold U AS Interface 285V Cycle Time 1 24 ms Slave Telegrams without Master Call 0 Measuring Time no Value 1 ok Cancel Hep Fig 4 The Advanced Statistics shows quantitatively how frequently repetitions of the data calls were necessary 15 5 3 4 16 The advanced statistics implements at the same time the function of the bus and the analyser The results of the analysers are transferred 1 time per second to the PC and dis played there in this rhythm In a net which runs without repetitions the number of master calls must be the same for each standard slave stop the representation briefly Button Hold continue with Go afterwards fthe statistics have been stopped this is represented by a Stop indication in the window The number of the calls to occupied A and B slaves must be half as big as the number of the calls from the standard slaves Ifa slave is abruptly removed from the system the master will try to contact him exactly sixtimes If the slave does not respond after the 6th time the master would remove him from the list of active slaves The number of calls will rise only if the slave regains communication with the master The advanced statistics displays additionally The voltage at the place of the analyser
19. 5 issue date 27 7 2005 8 Accessories 8 1 AS i Repeater AS i Tuner AS i Bus Termination Housing Device Art No Characteristic AS i Tuner AC1146 Extension of the cable to a maximum of 200 m http www ifm electronic com ifmgb web dsfs AC 1146 html AS i Bus Termination AC1147 Extension of the cable to a maximum of 200 m http www ifm electronic com ifmgb web dsfs AC 1147 html AS i Repeater AC2215 Extension of the AS i network by another 100 m http www ifm electronic com ifmgb web dsfs AC2215 html AS i Repeater IP65 AC1015 Extension of the AS i network by another 100 m http www ifm electronic com ifmgb web dsfs AC1015 html 43 44 Technical Data Technical Data Type Passive AS Interface member Interface AS Interface RS 232 f r connection to a PC Trigger input 24 V Trigger ouput TTL Displays LED display LED green Power Power on LED yellow ser active RS 232 interface in operation LED green red Test Test mode Telegram memory 256 000 AS Interface telegrams Operating current Approx 70 mA out of AS Interface Voltage of insulation gt 500 V EMC directions EN 50081 2 EN 61000 6 2 Operating temperature 0 C 55 C Storage temperature 25 C 70 C AS Interface specification 2 1 Requirements IBM compatible PC 80486 or higher Operating system Windows 95 98 Windows Me Windows 2000 Windows XP and Windows NT4 Specif
20. Error in the master or in the con trol O If the master is shifted during the measurement in the offline mode all slaves are represented in red even if the data exchange could ll function In this manner the analyser displays the intervention in the function of the network Note Overview with Hold Time In the representation Overview with Hold Time the holding time is put back auto matically to that time indicated in the title A slave only remains yellow or red if it exhibited the error rate in the elapsed period So the success and failure of chan ges in the net ca be verified quickly The Hold Time can be changed in the menu under Options Statistics between 1 sand infinite in many stages This setting is stored and taken over for the next start of the analyser Advanced Statistics By switching to the tab Advanced Statistics the user gets the number of repea ted missing messages for each slave as well as the number of master calls to each slave It gives detailed information from the overview without the overall evaluation by the traffic light representation Online Statistics Overview Overview Hold Time 2 s Configuration Advanced Statistics Consecutive Errors Single Slaves A Slaves B Slaves Master Tel Missing Master Tel Missing Master Tel Missing Master Tel Missing Q 0 0 16 16 1 61191 0 17 1 17 2 61191 0 18 e 18 3 18 E 19 amp 20 61192 0 4 20 5 2 5 2t 6 22 B 22 7 2
21. The standard mode with the Online Statistics is the mode most commonly used The telegrams in the analyser are here statistically evaluated and handed over in a second rhythm to the PC for displaying and for further mathematical functions The results are very simple to use and to interpret They are immediately available and give an overview of the functions in several stages and of the possible errors in the net fig 3 This mode is applicable for the logging of the actual condition as well as for long term analysis The analyser begins to store data directly after being attached to the 13 5 3 1 14 AS Interface net The notebook needs to be attached only for a later data analysis see chapter 5 3 6 Overview Overview Overview Hold Time 2 s Configuration Advanced Statistics Consecutive Errors Single Slaves A Slaves B Slaves Status Status Status Status 0 16 16 1 EN 17 t 17 2 Waring 18 2 18 3 E 19 E 18 4 20 GEER 4 20 5 21 B 21 amp 22 amp 22 23 7 23 8 24 amp 24 8 25 ES 25 10 BEER 26 10 26 1 NER 27 n 27 12 2 GREEN 12 28 13 23 13 28 14 30 14 20 15 3t 15 81 Qo OK Cancel Help Fig 3a The traffic light representation of the online statistics shows how good or bad the sla ves communicates Then if the analyser is attached in the net for the first time and the PC software is called you receive a functional overview of the slaves in the traffic light
22. This function is independent of the red marked fields so it corresponds to a logical OR conjunction with the red marked fields Input assistance Generating of the trigger conditions is simplified by the fol lowing With the call of the trigger mask after restart of the software or with the transi tion to the online statistics the automatic assumption of the recognized slaves into the masks is offered if the net and the analyser are active Three frequently used basic adjustments are offered in the field Template All Single Slaves All A B Slaves and Errors In the first two settings all mean ingful defaults for all slaves are entered In the third case all possible errors in data exchange i e incorrect telegrams or missing slave responses These ba sic adjustments can be manually adapted to the respective situation In the upper range of the sheet several buttons are contained with which whole fields can be reset or set They change between Clear All and Set All and are coupled in a way that unreasonable combinations are avoided The field Master Data describes the trigger conditions for the data bits DO to D3 These can have different meanings for each type of telegram With some telegram types they have fixed values and so they are redundant to the field Master Requests located next to the filed Master Data As long as special sit uations do not have to be examined the button Set All works very well The selec
23. aly ser shows 4 output bits for example also with a pure input slave They have however no meaning for the application With analog slaves and safety related slaves the in and or output values transferred in the net constantly change That is to be detected in the 1 second rhythm and corresponds to the function of AS Interface But this does not mean that an error has been observed With A B slaves according to specification C S 2 1 the output bit A3 of the data call is not available as a usable output value It serves for the distinction be tween A and B slaves So the output bit O3 of the data call for A B slaves ex hibits always fixed values In fig 8 the values for the slaves for 4A and 4B are 1 and or 0 23 5 6 2 24 Analog I O Data The data of the existing analog slaves in the net which are working according to the slave profiles S 7 3 x are indicated here For digital slaves the display remains empty Fig 9 The analyser must convert the captured data telegrams according to the profile of the slaves therefore it is a requirement for this indica tion that the analyser knows the profile of each individual attached device He must have observed at least one time the start of the slave communication Only in this way the four configuration data can be captured and displayed in the representation Attention The details of communication and the kind and number of the channels but not the physical meaning of the values
24. amp S 10 Merona 1 ok Cancel Help Fig 6 Configuration of the used net The slaves 4A 4B 5 6 8 and 10 are slaves according to specification 2 1 slaves 5 and 6 are safety slaves 8 and 10 are analog slaves These data serve for the identification of the different types of slave It can be con cluded from the absence of the values for ID1 and ID2 that a slave according to specification 2 0 is concerned This means this is no slave according to specifica tion 2 1 If ID1 and ID2 are missing for all slaves this can mean that the net is ope rated from a master according to specification 2 0 Older masters do not call ID1 and ID2 issue date 27 7 2005 issue date 27 7 2005 5 3 6 O The function of the analysers as a listener in the AS Interface net work which takes all information out of the telegrams within the net ll work has an important consequence for the representation of the configuration It can be only indicated if it was queried at the analy ser s run time by the master as well That happens with AS Interface whenever a new slave is taken up to the net There are four conse quences for the user due to that The configuration of the slaves is only indicated if the analyser ob served a recording phase Examples A system start switch off the master or the power supply of the network after a temporary stop of the communication offline phase with connected voltage or with the resu
25. an be used for the control of external devices Within the analyser a galvanic separation between net and PC as well as to the trigger input exists The trigger output is fed over the RS232 interface to the PC and may be loaded with maximally 2 mA Warning The trigger input must be fed from a PELV power supply The provided software setup en exe must be installed on a PC or a notebook The provided RS232 cable possibly combined with a suitable RS232 USB adap ter serves as a cable connection between PC and analyser With the first call of the software the COM interface must be specified in the menu Options AS Inter face Analyser Hardware Afterwards the representation of the online statistics stored in the analyser starts automatically wit the start of the software for exception see chapter 5 7 8 The function of the analyser is signaled by 3 LEDs However the meaning depends on the operation situation n the normal operation mode with an attached notebook the first LED green signals that the analyser is supplied from the AS In terface net the second LED marked with Ser act shines yellow during the communication with the PC The third LED shows after a start of a trace the trigger condition green means trigger re leased red means trigger not released Attention In operation without PC the LED gives an overall status of the net traffic compare chapter 5 3 6 Online Statistics Standard Mode
26. atus command With slave 7 the search is futile It is missing in the existing network issue date 27 7 2005 issue date 27 7 2005 5 7 1 5 7 2 5 7 3 Contents of a Trace Fig 11 shows a small cut out from a trace with ap prox 256 000 lines Each line of the trace consists of the data pakket of a pair of telegrams In the first detail the continuous number of the data packet within the trace is indicated then the time which elapsed up to the next represented pair of te legrams It follows the slave address the master call as text and as bit pattern without address the length of the pause between master call and slave response the answer telegram of the slaves and the diagnosis as plain text In the status line to be activated in the menu under View the sum of all times between the red underli ned line and cursor marked line is indicated Without using the trigger function the first line of the Trace is marked red Using the trigger the trigger time is mar ked red The output bits which are contained in a master data call always appear in the trace on the AS Inter face level see chapter 5 3 1 For the meaning of each individual bit see the AS Interface specification O If adopting a recording filter see below some lines of the trace are needed inter ll nally to record the periods between indi vidual lines In the practical experience therefore often somewhat less than 256 000 lines are available f
27. ave Response 6536 30185 28 Read Status 111110 No Slave Response esx 723 28 Read Status 111110 s i gt No Slave Response 6538 940 28 Read Status 111110 18 0000 No Error 6539 1900 28 Read ID Code 110001 18 1111 Na Error 6540 1902 28 Reed 10_Configuration 110000 18 0011 No Error 65431 1836 28 Reed Extended ID Code 1 10010 s UE E No Sleve Response 69542 163 28 Read Extended ID Code 1 10010 e T No Slave Response 6543 1904 28 Read Extended D Code2 1 10011 gt No Slave Response 6544 163 28 Read Extended ID Code2 1 100 11 4 No Slave Response 6545 1965 23 Write Parameter 011111 1 IST No Error 6546 1835 28 Deta Exchange 0 01111 17 1100 No Error 6547 1737 28 Data Exchange 0011211 18 1100 No Error ESAR ME ET Mata Furhanna A A 3 1 12 t1an Ma Freee Fig 17 A slave with the address 28 with a bad contact is installed in a net During storage this Slave is moved By filtering on this slave 28 individual failures are indicated first lines 6509f 6515ff 6523f then a loss up to a configuration error starting from line 6529 and finally the resumption into the net line 6538 6546 Error by Overloaded Slaves If their in or outputs are overloaded or another external malfunction is present some slaves break up the communication A reset is released inside the slave But after the removal the cause for this reset the slave is retaken to communication In contrast to the error by bad contact bad contact
28. aws the user s attention to important information issue date 27 7 2005 issue date 27 7 2005 2 Safety 2 1 Intended Use Warning The protection of operating personnel and the system against possi ble danger is not guaranteed if the control interface unit is not oper ated in accordance with its intended use The device may only be operated by appropriately qualified person nel in accordance with this operating manual 2 2 General Safety Information Warning Note Safety and correct functioning of the device cannot be guaranteed if any operation other than that described in this operation manual is performed Connecting the equipment and any maintenance work to be carried out with voltage applied to the equipment must exclusively be per formed by appropriately qualified electrotechnical personnel In case a failure cannot be repaired the device must be taken out of operation and kept from inadvertently being put back into operation Repair work is to be carried out by the manufacturer only Additions or modifications to the equipment are not allowed and will void the warranty The operator is responsible for the observance of local safety stan dards 3 1 3 2 3 2 1 The AS Interface Analyser General In the following you will find a detailed description of the AS Interface Analyser The AS Interface Analyser can give detailed information about the functionality of new or existing AS Interface networks It
29. ccurred during run time Up to 6 following broader fields indicate that for the respective slave errors arose This is depicted in such a way that you can see the number of consecutive repeti tions from 1 until 6 which occurred Increasing from olive green until red The lar gest consecutive error is represented If a slave is not represented by a field this slave is not in an actual data exchange Pointing with the mouse to this error representation it is indicated how often that error has occurred Fig 5 Configuration The tab Configuration shows the configuration data of the connected slaves at that moment if the analyser has observed the net otherwise only the ID code is in dicated Logging For documentation of the facility condition the results from the overview advanced statistics consecutive error and configuration window can be transferred to a pro tocol It can be supplemented manually by detailed data regarding the facility 1 0 Data The call of the I O Data represents the momentary data results of all Slaves in the net The representation is refreshed every second The display shows the transferred values for the analog slaves and the values free or released for the 2 channel Safety Slaves Trace Mode In the trace mode the analyser notes each particular telegram or telegrams selec ted according to Filter and Triggers on the AS Interface line which then can be loaded into an attached notebook and analyz
30. completes a master s possibilities and it is the more valuable the less informati on beyond the standard AS Interface data is provided by the master and the more hidden an error is The analyser registers the entire data traffic without intervening and only evaluates it So network errors or errors from individual slaves can be easily identified and corrected by the user Configuration and quality of the network can now be logged and weak points can be prophylactically uncovered Like all AS Interface devices the analyser is interoperable that means it can be used in network with products from different manufacturers Version 2 0 The version 2 0 of the analyser brings a whole set of new possibilities apart from many improvements in the detail definition and disposition of consecutive errors for a more rational evaluation of telegram repetitions default settings and offline execution of the protocols analog data output function as safety monitor in the tra ce mode and finally an optimized operator guidance which allows also users with smaller experiences with AS Interface to penetrate into the range of the expert mode Manual The manual is structured into four major chapters which addresses different users Chapter 4 Quick Start For well experienced users who are familiar with AS Interface or users who need a fast result without loss of time In this chapter we describe the fast installation and directly usable function
31. cording filter This kind of storage and of the following analysis is supported in a user friendly way If the notebook is attached after storage to the analyser again the analyser software recognizes this situation The software does not only read out the stored trace automatically but also the trigger conditions and filters stored in the analy ser So the user gets a consistent view afterwards Safety Data in the Trace the analyser software can analyze the telegrams of safety related slaves for code violations The software works in this analysis similarly to a safety monitor Being a passive participant the analyser cannot intervene issue date 27 7 2005 issue date 27 7 2005 If a trace is loaded into the PC this function can be called in the menu under Mea sure Safety Monitor fig 15 The mask shows at first the code sequence of the slaves in a hexadecimal form and all status changes of safety related slaves af terwards profile S 0 B x and S 7 B x The column Pos shows a relation to the complete trace E Safety Monitor wm Pos sme 030201 D0 Response anay 1 25 d9 8e b6 detected code sequence 2 3d a8 57 e9 detected code sequence d 1a b8 75 d detected code sequence 4 3e c6 a5 d7 detected code sequence 5 39 b 5a 6c detected code sequence 4 0 111 11 both safety inputs contacts closed 1 5 110 0 11 both safety inputs contacts closed 4 1 0010 11 both safety inputs contacts closed 5 2
32. ded by determining in the software or on the master s level whether the failure of a particular slave should effect an imme diate stop of the facility or whether it is sufficient to stop the facility after the end of a facility cycle The second option can be handled more easily Facility and Safety Engineering Facility and safety engineering represents potentially two exceptions Inthe field of facility engineering there are applications whose breakdown must be absolutely avoided for cost reasons Here it can be suggested to arrive close to the theoretical ideal of no telegram repetitions Eventually you even try to avoid repetitions of only green slaves Asecond special case is safety related facilities according to Safety at Work Here repetitions are acceptable also because they will be intercepted by the System and do not limit the security In order to ensure a turn off after max 40 ms it is fixed here that the safety monitor already responds after the fourth telegram repetition Therefore with safety slaves a consecutive error of the class 4 leads to a turn off and so to a reduced availability of the facility Therefore repetitions are judged here more critically Example Fig 16 exemplarily shows how the representation of the consecutive error can af fect the validation The slave 1 communicates badly in a net with excess length The overview with hold time indicates that the slave is red According to the ad vanced
33. e trace mode is unjustifiably regarded as something complicated This software supports the user and prevents faulty operation largely If you have sufficient knowledge of AS Interface to interpret a trace you can create it in a few steps by yourself In order to trace you specify when you want to begin and let end a trace starting mask whether you want to use different trigger options trigger mask 25 26 whether you want to record all or only one part of the telegrams recording mask whether you want to see only one part of the registered telegrams on the screen view mask Trigger recording and view mask are nearly identical and have the same struc ture in order to ease the operation training They are described in detail in the fol lowing chapters A trace acquires the selected data traffic on the bus evaluates and logs it With this information which goes far beyond the amount of data available from a master or a control errors caused by the net or by individual slaves or by the application can be identified and corrected substantially more easily than with other means Weak points can be uncovered preventively If the options Trigger and Recording Filter are used you are able to collect te legrams in the analyser eventually over a long time The PC needs to be attached for the definition of the trace conditions for the start and for the subsequent eva luation only O During a trace phase the online
34. ed there With the call of the Safety 10 Monitor an evaluation of the data telegrams of the safety related slaves is started For details see chapter 5 7 9 issue date 27 7 2005 issue date 27 7 2005 5 Functions of the Analyser 5 1 Overview The Analyser is a listener in the AS Interface network It controls the message traffic and evaluates it without intervening The results are stored in the analyser then transmitted to a PC or notebook where it can be analysed and displayed The analyser listens and evaluates all signals including incorrect signals on the AS Interface line So he can hear more than the most masters and especially then any superior control This is used for logging the net status for error analysis and for the optimization of the network and application REI Digital l Os Complete Trace Overview Hold Time Analogue IOs Trace with Trigger Configuration Safety D ata Trace w ith Recording Filter Advanced Statistics View Filter Consecutwe Error Safety Monitor Protocol Offline Editing Offline Statistics Fig 1 The functions of the three operating modes Contrary to master and slave the analyser does not send telegrams it does not have permanent memory for the determined data and is exclusively dependent on that what happens in the net It has got neither an address nor it keeps the configuration after switching off It is completely independent of data which are stored in the master or
35. er and the recor ding filter The setting for a complete view is particularly simple By pressing the button set all or automatic assumption of the slave list from the online statistics you get the correct configuration of the filter O The AS i master sends search calls cyclically to all addresses including B addresses inclusion phase If a single slave is Il selected the calls to the corresponding B addresses cannot be indi Note cated The field Show Management Calls of B Slaves at Single Address exists to prevent this It shows exactly these calls O The displayed result of a trace depends on the combination of the recording filter and the view filter Arbitrary combinations are possi Il ble in order to achieve the greatest flexibility for the analyser use This can lead to situations hardly interpretable In a normal applica tion you should take care that only slaves are searched which are actually in the net or should have to be found there So unsatisfac tory representations can be avoided Note Trace without Notebook The analyser can take up a trace even when a notebook is not attached constantly The notebook or a PC is only required for the determination of the settings and for the manual start as well as for al subsequent read out of the traces This con figuration is interesting if a trace starts only due to a rarely arising trigger condition or if a very long recording time is necessary effected by a re
36. f the Online Statistics The results of the online statistics overview configuration advanced statistics and consecutive errors as well as minimum and maximum value of the voltage can be printed out or stored as standardized protocol The protocol can be supple mented manually in the form by a description of facility including the indication of the type of the used components manually This describes the facility completely The data from the analyser are protected fig 7 issue date 27 7 2005 issue date 27 7 2005 A AS Interface Analyser Testprotocol Z File Edit Measure Options View Window Help d ETRYYYT TNM AS Interface Analyser Testprotocol Facility testsetup Description of Facility Start of measuring Stop of measuring Date 14 03 2005 Time 11 04 45 Date 14 03 2005 Time 11 04 53 Measuring Time HHHHMM SS Time 0000 00 08 7 slaves existing Voltage OK Min 28 5 Max 28 7 V Existing slaves NOT OK Fig 7 With the protocol description a complete documentation of the actual condition of the facility is possible The picture shows the summary of the protocol s first page You can reach the protocol in two ways Either after the test run over the main menu File Protocol edit The protocol contains the won data already Or before a test run over the main menu Measure Test assistant Here a new statistics is started The intended measuring time can be entered direct
37. f the telegrams of this prehistory view It can various between 0 and 256 000 Also when triggering internally or externally the trace procedure must be started manually fig 12a This start causes that the analyser takes up data packets im mediately as frames before trigger event However these are overwritten again and again until the last trigger condition is true In fig 12b and c a preview from 500 data packets is adjusted The further tracing begins when the trigger events of the levels 1 3 arise fig 12b and c After the stop of the trace the data packets are loaded automati cally into the PC fig 12d and e This can be interrupted if necessary The last trigger condition is marked red in the trace Delayed tracing By adjusting a negative advance trigger the start of the trace can be further retarded It starts an adjustable number of packets only after the trigger event External Trigger Alternatively is it possible to start a trace by an external trigger That is done by an external voltage of 24 V 6 V at the external trigger input The trigger is released with 0 V or with 24 V depending upon the setting The settings takes place with the help of the trigger mask fig 13 in which the ex ternal trigger is activated The external trigger can be selected either as Low ac tive or as High active In the first case the trigger condition is fulfilled if no voltage is set to the input In the second case a v
38. fications The notebook needs to be attached for analysis only up to measurement periods of 14 days The Advanced Statistics give detailed results They show the number of mas ter calls to each slave during the observation time It shows the number of rep etitions also which were necessary due to incorrect or missing telegrams and in addition cycle time and voltage in the net example in fig 4 The Consecutive Error split up the errors into simple and multiple errors and so it permits a qualified evaluation of the observed repetitions Compare chapter 3 and fig 5 The configuration which the analyser provides is based on net data therefore it corresponds to the slaves actually found in the net At the same time it is recog nized which slave types are present to which the master does not respond in the protected mode or whether an individual slave does not correspond to the con figuration stored in the master With these analysis steps the attached net is described almost completely The user receives An overview of all attached slaves addresses profiles an overview of the ability to communicate of each individual slave abasis for evaluation deviations from the ideal situation ameans to control the effect of an AS i bus termination or an AS i tuner or for other measures which concern the net or individual slaves ananalysis of the long term stability of a net So these deviations from the nominal condit
39. fulfilled Options Trace Trigger x Trigger Level iv Trigger Level 2 SEEN Set All Set All Set All Set All Clear All Clear All Single Slaves Slaves E Master Request Type Master Requests Slave Responses ro rie M 164 168 V Data Exchange 0 0000 iv 0 0000 iw 1 1A 17A 17B Write Parameter 12 0001 120001 M2 2A 184 18B Address Assignment 2 0010 2 0010 33 3A 194 19B Write Ext ID 1 3 0011 3 0011 4 iv 4A 204 20B Delete Address 4 0100 4 0100 V5 5A 21A 21B Reset Slave 5 0101 5 0101 38 pee I 6A 224 228 P Read O0 Configuration 6 0110 5 0110 p ped 7A 23A 238 F Read ID Code 7 0111 720111 iw8 2 8A 244 24B Read Ext ID 1 2 8 1000 8 1000 34 pes SA 25A P 25B Read Status 3 1001 83 1001 iv 10 26 10A 264 BY 28 Ri 4 1010 iv A 1010 ru wa MAT 27A Bf 27B Broadcast Reset B 1011 lv B 1011 p 12 lv 2 12A 28A By 288 C 1100 iv C 1100 p 13 23 13A 29A D 1101 iv D 1101 T 14 rp 30 o A 304 E 1110 iv E 1110 55 5 15A 314 F 1111 iv F 1111 IV no answer Template Number of Trigger Conditions Get slave liste all values AS i Level Cancel Help Fig 13 The trace trigger processes three levels in sequence the trigger mask represented here is the same for each of the three levels Between the red marked fields an AND conjunction exists the green marked fields are OR linked For details see text For adjustment of the possib
40. he analyser although These errors can be seen In the Overview in the Advanced Statistics and in the Consecu tive Error immediately In the trace they can be proven most easily over the setting Error with trigger and filter However communication errors can have a completely different cause and must be interpreted Failure of a Slave If a slave failed completely before beginning of the measurement so that no communication is possible anymore this slave is missing in all other representati ons of the analysers also The analyser does not see this slave The slave is mis sing in the configuration representation also The master reports in the protected mode however a configuration error The read out of the target configuration or the comparison with earlier protocols clarify the situation The opposite applies if e g the external connections of a module are defective In this case the communication via AS Interface is perfect and the slave is represen ted green In the data mode however the reaction of the application to the trans ferred in or output data can be identified and the error can be identified Error by External Disturbances Usually errors by external disturbances result from electromagnetic stray effects e g by switching an engine or by electric discharge in the environment In such cases using the help of the Overview with Hold Time adjusted with short holding time you can frequently show which timi
41. ication Software AS Interface Analyser Hardware AS Interface Analyser D sub transmission cord issue date 27 7 2005 issue date 27 7 05 10 Index Numerics 2 channel slave 25 A Advanced statistic 15 Analog I O data 24 Analog slave 23 AS Interface level 23 Availability 36 B Backup slave 42 Block diagram 12 C Code sequence of the safety slave 33 Complete tracing 27 Configuration 18 Consecutive error 16 35 Construction engineering 36 Contents of a trace 27 Corrective actions 42 D Data mode 22 default ptx 21 Delayed tracing 30 Delete 19 Development accompanying control 42 Digital I O data 22 E Error by bad contact 40 Error by configuration deviation 41 Error by excess length 41 Error by external disturbance 39 Error by high capacity slave 41 Error by overloading 40 Error discussion 35 Error tracing in the application 42 Expert Mode 25 Extension ptx 22 Extension trc 34 Extension tsv 34 Extension txt 22 External trigger 30 F Facility description 20 Failure class 16 I Input assistance 29 Internal trigger 28 L LED traffic light 18 19 Loading the statistics 22 Long term control 19 Long term test 39 M Manual start of a trace 28 Measurement time 16 Measuring time 20 Momentary condition 38 Oo Offline statistic 22 Offline working on traces 34 Online statistic 13 14 Online statistic without notebook 19 Operating mode 12 Optimization of application 42 Out
42. ion can be eliminated Logging the Actual State The protocol of the online statistics can be stored and printed out It covers the points mentioned in the chapter before and it can be manually supplemented by a description of facility This description contains for example the type numbers the manufacturers or detailed data of the used components So the actual state of the net is precisely documented issue date 27 7 2005 issue date 27 7 2005 7 3 7 3 1 7 3 2 Therefore the protocol can be used as an overview of the actual state as atest certificate of a new net as a control and planning instrument for preventing maintenance work for documentation of conscious or unconscious changes Such a protocol of the starting situation of the facility is very useful if subsequent changes must be examined Error Diagnostics in the Network The analyser can identify or at least isolate errors in the AS Interface net In most cases the online statistics either with a current measurement or by a long term test is sufficient for this purpose With PC attached the number of sent telegrams ex ceeds the largest representable number 11 digits after a year principally Then the counter stops A even finer analysis is possible with the trace mode by clever use of trigger conditions and or recording filter The analyser does no show only communication errors continuously but it exami nes the AS Interface voltage at the position of t
43. le options the mask Trace Trigger must be called in the menu over options Trace Trigger or over the starting mask fig 13 It con tains 3 levels which correspond to 3 trigger conditions which can be processed one after another The trigger event of the last level releases the race issue date 27 7 2005 issue date 27 7 2005 The following rules apply to the definition of the trigger condition to each level 1 Within each red marked range from fig 13 at least in each case one presetting must be fulfilled in order to activate the trigger that corresponds to a logical OR conjunction within these ranges Additionally each of the red marked ranges must be activated as described in number 1 that corresponds to a logical AND conjunction within the red ranges The Number of Trigger Conditions indicates how often the adjusted trigger condition must be fulfilled before it is changed over to the next trigger level If this number is specified as 0 the trigger level is not active This is indicated by a red flag on the tab Error means a identification of an incorrect AS Interface telegram The ana lyser examines just as the receivers inside master and slave each single tele gram according to a set to criteria for formal correctness These are the well known error protection mechanisms of AS Interface If the analyser finds a in correct telegram this leads to triggering the trace provided that Error is marked
44. ly At its expiration the protocol sheet appears If several protocols are provided without a restart the data once entered manually are adopted In particular the description of facility does not need to be entered a second time That works also if a protocol which has been already stored see below is loaded This will ease your work substantially but it can lead to an incorrect documentation if used imprudently Example the stored protocol of a facility is used as basis for the protocol of another facility The soft 7 ware cannot examine manual entries Attention O Frequently recurring entries such as examiners name etc can be put down in a standard protocol which is called by the program cat ll egorically It must be stored under the file name default ptx in the Note directory in which the evaluation software is located 21 5 5 5 6 5 6 1 22 Offline Statistics The data of the online statistics including the test protocols can be stored and are available offline for later evaluations controls and comparisons or for documenta tion then Saving The moment of storing is determined by leaving the online statistics Storing can take place either directly or after complementing the protocol With save test protocol extension ptx The complete online statistics is stored When opened the statistics and the protocol are indicated With save test protocol extension txt Only the protocols in the txt f
45. mption of failed slaves for this slave If the analyzer is attached to a network which is already running it can recognize the ID code only which is queried at regular intervals Note If a slave drop out its configuration is not queried any longer The previous configuration remains indicated up to the next deletion Therefore the drop out of the slave is only recognisable in the overview or in the advanced statistics Only with the reuptake of the slave the configuration is completely called By deleting button Clear All in the overview tab however a failed slave is removed from the tab Configuration also to adapt the representation to the current network situation Ifa slave with a wrong configuration is attached after a drop its wrong configuration is represented If the master is here in the pro tected operating mode it does not take up this slave to data ex change Therefore no further increase of the data calls can be recognised in the advanced statistics The slave appears grey in the overview The master reports a configuration error Online Statistics without Notebook The online statistics is available without notebook also and therefore it is suitable for long term control of the network If the analyser is started without communication with the notebook the 3 LEDs at the analyser have a changed meaning They indicate the accumulated errors in the net in terms of the overview As long as all slaves work perfectly
46. n AS i tuner can compensate incorrect impedance in some cases Inthe trace the situation can be observed more exactly Depending upon its po sition in the net even the analyser cannot recognize individual telegrams any more then Error by Configuration Deviation In the configuration mode of the master which is used particularly to build up the AS Interface net each slave is taken up to communication The tab Configurati on however constantly permits an examination of the current configuration plea se note that all configuration data are indicated only if the analyser has been attached during a start up phase of the net In the Safety Operation Mode of the master normal used with an installed faci lity each incorrect configuration leads to a stop of communication with the affected slaves and to a message Configuration Errors displayed on the master Additio nally you find in the traffic light representation of the overview Slaves temporary missing or defective or blocked Slaves with a correct address and a wrong configuration data Slaves with the wrong address not configured slaves Replaced slaves with address 0 which are not readdressed and taken up to communication again In the first case the relevant slave appears red The message Config error is in dicated on the master additionally The communication with this slave is interrup ted In the second and the third case the relevant slave appear
47. ng correlation arises wit an event This proves that the change in the traffic light representation is synchronous to certain facility conditions of the application or the environment An external source of disturbance is proven by the synchronous occurrence with certain events Such disturbances however are very rare with AS Interface if the net is correctly built Their most frequent physical cause is an earth fault in the net if they arise Due to the functional principle of the analyser it cannot identify the 39 7 3 3 7 3 4 40 cause directly but rather their effect The user should examine therefore first of all the possibility of an earth fault Themed Not the disturbances are the problem but a possible earth fault For that purpose an earth fault detector in the master in the power supply or as an individual component is available Even if slaves can have different disturbance sensitivities it is typical for this kind of disturbance that usually several Slaves in the net are affected Error by Bad Contact Disturbances caused by a bad contact can be proven in a similar way Typically the error always concerns a certain slave This can be proven most simply in the online statistics if necessary during a longer period If a bad connection leads more frequently to telegram repetitions without the slave failing completely this can be seen in the Consecutive Errors Fig 17 shows this as cut out from a trace A AS In
48. oltage of 24 V releases the trigger event The field Number of Trigger Conditions serves switching the in and output of the trigger level 1 and or 0 The field external Trigger Input of the trigger mask is independent of the red mar ked fields of the internal trigger according to a logical OR conjunction with these fields If an internal and an external trigger condition are adjusted then the trigger issue date 27 7 2005 issue date 27 7 2005 5 7 4 3 5 7 5 can be released thus by each of these conditions A temporal sequence can be created by activating several trigger levels Trigger Output The analyser can be used in order to trigger external devices So for example a memory oscilloscope can be triggered by an error in the net In this case exactly the analog signal which caused an error on the AS Interface line can be represen ted Another application is controlling a camera For the definition of the trigger conditions a mask just as build as the mask for the internal trigger is available under Options Trigger Output It also offers three trigger levels The trigger output switches for approx 150 us from 5 V to 0 V when the trigger condition is reached It responds approx 450 us after the trigger event Its maxi mum current load is 2 mA The potential of the trigger output corresponds to the potential of the RS232 interface The trigger output uses the trace mode and the refore only works when a trace
49. one will find consecutive errors of the class 6 only In the trace lines like 6509f 6515ff and 6523f shown in fig 17 issue date 27 7 2005 issue date 27 7 2005 7 3 5 7 3 6 would be missing then Eventually such an error is combined with an output slave switching a large consumer Errors by Excess Length or by High capacity Slaves The analog signal on the AS Interface line is deformed by capacitive loads e g nets with excess length or faulty slaves and cannot be clearly recognized in the worst case by the master and the slaves anymore with the consequence that com munication errors occurs Then individual slaves fail in the online statistics Slaves which are located close to the master are endangered empirically But often the first repetition is already successful error of the class 1 as shown in fig 16 By taking the following mea sures the distinction of other communication errors becomes possible A occasionally decrease of the capacitive load by taking off green slaves or by shorten the net length leads to the resumption of the critical slave if an out sized large capacitive load is present Often faulty capacity rich slaves do not become a problem unless several cop ies of this faulty slave are used in the net simultaneously If alternate removing of some of these slaves leads to the resumption of other failed slaves they pre sumably poses an outsized entrance capacity An AS i bus termination or a
50. or a trace Note Complete Tracing With the complete trace each individual telegram on the AS Interface line is captured and stored The me mory stores approx 256 000 master and slave tele grams from the moment of starting the trace It corresponds to a cycle time of approx 40 s extensi on see below After reaching this value or after a stop of the recor ding the telegrams are loaded automatically into the notebook as shown in fig 11 For the representation of a complete trace a comple te setting of the recording filter and the view filter is necessary see there Manual Start Trace without a Trigger Basically each trace process is started from a query window fig 12 which opens with the call of a trace under Measure Trace or with the button TR In Sua Tore Corrected Preceded hames bele Mane 500 Max Nb ot Recorded Frames 256006 Megane a apron 150 o brg Nantes d Records Framas Tance Tapo Options Em Waingia Tagger Flecorded hanes batoe tape 500 Mas Number ot Recorded Frames 256000 Sip Tace Wating tor Tage 2 Recorded bane beoe tgga 50 Mox Ninbe d Recorded Frames S Mleganm n apros 150 ss long Traced Framer Trace Toppe Optone Sap Tace Tung Recorded lunes batons wg SOC Mas Nunbes of Focorded Frames 20200 Meg e apros 150 ps bore Tuced Fen Tuce Tiger Optone J se ieee Trace Ik Sup Londra Loading Recorded Va
51. ormat are exported It can be read without the analyser software but the formatting is lost Loading When loading the appropriate file in offline mode you can see a stored statistics Manual data of the description of facility can be supplemented and stored offline then O The momentary result of an online statistics is frozen by leaving the statistics mask but it keeps running in the background that means Il inside the analyser The current statistics is stopped and deleted only if a file is loaded Therefore a warning appears while loading Note The data on statistics are not saved yet Dou you want to save It refers to the momentarily running Data Mode The I O data mode does not focus on possible telegram errors but the momentary valid data of the slaves The analyser takes over the current values approx one time per second If the data signal is applied for a period shorter than 1 second it is sometimes not indicated Three register tabs are available Digital Data Here all I O data are binary indicated which have been exchanged with each indi vidual slave As suggested in the heading from right to the left the input data IO 11 12 I3 and the output data OO O1 O2 O3 issue date 27 7 2005 issue date 27 7 2005 Digital Data Analog Values Safety Data Single Slaves A Slaves B Slaves Dutput Input Output Input Output Input Output Input 3210 3210 3210 3210 3210 3210 3210 3210 D 18 18
52. put data 23 Overview 38 P Process image 23 Protocol 20 38 R Recording filter 31 Recording phase 19 S Safety at Work 36 Safety data 25 Safety engineering 36 Safety routine 35 Safety related slave 23 Saving the statistic 22 Slave telegrams without master calls 16 Software 13 Specification 2 1 18 Standard mode 13 Standard protocol 21 Starting mask 27 Storage of traces 34 45 T Telegram repetition 35 Test assistant 21 Trace condition 26 Trace mode 25 Trace without a trigger 27 Trace without notebook 32 Tracing with trigger 28 Traffic light representation 14 Trigger 13 Trigger level 28 46 Trigger mask 28 Trigger output 31 Trigger time 30 Triggering condition 29 U Unreasonable demand 35 Using the analyser 38 V Valuation of errors 35 Voltage 16 issue date 27 7 05
53. resentation you learn additionally how of ten that error has occurred slave 19 in fig 5 So the analyser makes a new im issue date 27 7 2005 issue date 27 7 2005 portant valuation criterion available Single repetitions broad green field are relatively harmless and can be usually tolerated Consecutive errors of the class 5 and 6 red fields threaten the availability of a facility and should be examined more exactly see chapter 3 Please note that the numerical data shown in fig 5 are absolute numbers in con trast to the Overview They must be seen in relation to the number of the master calls from the advanced statistics Online Statistics Overview Overview Hold Time 2 s Configuration Advanced Statistics Consecutive Errors Single Slaves 4 Slaves B Slaves Status Status Ll fex Clear All Master Tel 426238 Q Fig 5 The consecutive error evaluates the arisen repetitions graphically and numerically With the mouse pointer the distribution on 6 classes can be made visible Slave 10 is failed once completly 17 5 3 5 18 Configuration The tab Configuration shows for each slave the current configuration data stored in the slave I O configuration ID code ID1 and ID2 code Overview Overview Hold Time 2s Configuration Advanced Statistics Consecutive Errors Single Slaves A Slaves B Slaves ID iDi iD2 10 ID t 2 x 4 5 6 z
54. runs As long as the trigger and the trace are active a trigger output impulse is set with each occurrence of the trigger condition If the trigger event reappears the trigger is set again So for example cyclical measurements become possible Trace with Recording Filter With a recording filter the number of captured telegrams is limited Furthermore the evaluation is more clearly arranged and the possible recording time is drastically extended eventually For the definition of the filter conditions a mask just as build as the mask for the Internal trigger is available under Options Trace Recording Filter The same rules and adjusting help apply as in the mask for the internal trig ger Options Trace Record Filter Pe Set All Set All Set All ClearAl f Clear All Set All Single Slaves ASlaves B Slaves Master Request Type Master Requests Slave Responses wo 16 164 168 v Data Exchange jv 0 0000 0 0000 iv 17 1A 17A 1B 17B v Write Parameter jv 1 0001 M 1 0001 V2 18 2A 18A 2B 18B v Address Assignment iv 2 0010 2 0010 iv3 19 T 34 F 19A 3B f 19B M Write Est ID 1 iv 3 0011 320011 T4 2 W 4A 20A M 4B 20B v Delete Address jv 4 0100 4 0100 V5 re 5A 214 5B 21B v Reset Slave iv 5 0101 5 0101 re 22 6A 224 6B 22B v Read ID Configuration jv amp 0110 60110 ive 23 7A 234 7B 23B v Read ID Code jv 7 0111 p 7 001 Ve 24 8A 24A 8B 24B
55. s Spe cial cases and detailed descriptions will follow in the next chapters Chapter 5 Features and Functions For users who want to understand all functions of the analyser or users who want detailed information about specific functions This description presupposes only basic knowledge of AS Interface For each function first the principle and then the possible result is described After this a detailed description from the procedure will follow Possible causes for an unexpected behavior of the network or the analyser will be discussed Chapter 6 Evaluation of Telegram Repetitions AS Interface is extremely fault tolerant The analyser shows all telegram repetiti ons in the network however they must not be necessarily interpreted and elimi nated as errors issue date 27 7 2005 issue date 27 7 2005 We will give you indications to a meaningful and economic handling of the results Chapter 7 To Use the Analyser The analyser can be used for very different applications This could be logging of net conditions over detailed error tracing up to the optimization of the compon ents We will describe these different application types Chapter 8 Technical Data Chapter 9 Index Readers which use chapters 5 6 and 7 can skip over chapter 4 Chapters 5 to 7 are written in a way that also readers without detailed AS Interface knowledge can use the analyser 4 1 4 2 Quick Start Installation and First Steps The analyser
56. s grey Communication with this slave is not taken up by the master since the slave is not configured A previous log or the examination of the master data can give information about this 41 7 3 7 7 4 7 5 42 A backup slave which is not taken up to communication is indicated grey as sla ve 0 In the nominal condition the slave it is readdressed automatically by the ma ster to the address of the old slave 4 conditions must be fulfilled for this The previous slave must be removed The slave 0 must have the same profile like the previous slave The master must work in the protected operating mode The option auto addressing must be enabled in the master If all these conditions are fulfilled the readdressing takes place That can be obser ved with the Analyser First the missing slave appears red Being attached the sla ve 0 appears grey in the overview with hold time first Shortly after this it disappears again while the slave which missed before is represented green again If the representation remains grey one of the conditions specified above is not fulfilled Control of Corrective Measures Especially the Overview with Hold Time and the Advanced Statistics are appro priate for a check of corrective measures in the net Changes can be pursued di rectly on the screen if a short holding time has been entered Error Diagnostics and Optimization of the Application The current digital and analog da
57. ses bee age 800 Max Humb c Recond Foss 256000 megan e apron 180 ps fang Loses Fues anne m Fig 12 The starting mask of the Trace Mode shows the momen tary operation and progress 27 5 7 4 5 7 4 1 28 this window also the progress is indicated The trace procedure and or the follo wing downloading of the trace into the PC can be aborted in this window at any time The manual start without triggering is the direct way to create a trace and to test all telegrams It is started with Start Trace fig 12 a For this purpose the trigger conditions described in the next sections must be switched off This occurs with the start of the software automatically But it must be done manually if a trigger condition was entered before So set the Number of Trigger Conditions in all three trigger levels to 0 additionally details see below In fig 12 in this case the field s b and c are skipped Trace with Trigger The analyser offers additionally a sophisticated system of trigger possibilities for the final start of traces which can be also combined Internal Trigger During internal triggering from the observed telegrams in the analyser a signal is derived which specifies the beginning of storage The internal trigger runs over up to three levels which are processed in sequence A trace is taken up only if the conditions of the trigger level1 then those of the trigger level 2 and finally those of trigger level 3 are
58. statistics about 17 96 repetitions arise with this slave However the control of the consecutive errors shows that all repetitions refer to the class 1 After a run time of more than 2 minutes the slave exhibits many errors which belong to class 1 only Validation The net should be stabilized indeed because is it not working clean Depending upon the cause of the disturbance this stabilisation can be achieved by using an AS i bus termination or an AS i tuner If EMC disturbances cause the pro blems they must be eliminated But due to the fact that only one repetition of each call is necessary the error is tolerable first That applies also to the relevant times issue date 27 7 2005 issue date 27 7 2005 because of the mechanisms of AS Interface The cycle time extends in this case only by 150 us Only fundamental considerations e g the change of a slave or the potential instability of the net recommend the correction in this case In practice quite a few nets in a comparable condition might work trouble free wit hout ever being noticed by the user It would be more critical if a slave would ex hibit a single failure of the class 6 Online Statistics Overview Overview Hold Time 2s Configuration Advanced Statistics Consecutive Errors Online Statistics r Single Slaves A Slaves Online Statistics Status Overview Overview Hold Time 2 Configu Overvie
59. ta as well as the safety data free and released are available in the data mode provided that they do not vary to quickly So the course of a process in the automatic or in the manual operation mode can be pur sued and Errors can be found easily The trace mode is another very flexible instrument The data of the application are captured and displayed in a 150 us rhythm The internal and the external trigger as well as a recording filter permit the user to examine individual sections of an application The large amount of data which a trace makes available can be used for example in order to examine or to optimize timings Furthermore sending para meters to a slave and their effect can be examined External devices can be switched over the trigger output of the trace mode For example a camera which records movements of the application In this way e g courses of motion or errors can be represented and optimized afterwards With Safety at Work applications a trace with the function Safety Monitor can be evaluated which represents each condition of change of the safety related slave fig 15 Development Accompanying Control of Slave and Master New product developments of master repeater IC or slaves can be tested with the analyser intensively as soon as they can be placed as devices into a test net The analyser becomes here a tester of any communication situation in a heavily loaded or unloaded net or device issue date 27 7 200
60. terface Analyser Trace11 File Edit Measure Options View Window Help Wi EE TR wr Fw ew Pos Tme ys Save Master Daten CBI4 13 12 11 10 MasterPausets 03020100 Response Anayse 6507 2063 28 Data Exchange 001111 18 1100 No Error 6508 2058 28 Deta Exchange 001111 18 1100 Na Error 6s09 1 984 28 Data Exchange 0 01111 ds Na Slave Response 6511 189 28 Data Exchange 001111 UD No Slave Response 6512 2129 23 Deta Exchange 001111 S 1100 No Error 6513 2061 28 Data Exchange 001111 1 1100 No Error 514 2060 28 Data Exchange 001111 1 1100 No Error 6515 1991 28 Data Exchange 001111 Utm No Slave Response 6517 188 28 Data Exchange AESI ae aro No Slave Response 6518 2054 28 Data Exchange 001111 juu No Slave Response 6521 180 28 Deta Exchange 001111 ms i No Sieve Response 65322 213 28 Dota Exchange 001111 18 1100 No Error 6923 1987 28 Data Exchange 001111 HACK No Slave Response 6526 170 28 Dota Exchange 061111 LIED No Slave Response 6527 2129 28 Data Exchange 001111 18 1190 No Error 6528 2065 28 Data Exchange 001111 B 1100 No Error 6529 2938 23 Data Exchange 0 0 1 2 21 1 x ege No Slave Response 6531 169 28 Data Exchange u i3gyii eres No Slave Response 6532 2129 28 Data Exchange 0 0 1 1 1 1 S m x No Slave Response 65833 97 28 Deta Exchange 001111 Meteor No Slave Response 6 34 2332 28 Dota Exchange 0 01111 nil Motta No Slave Response 6935 13 28 Data Exchange 001111 gt No Sl
61. tion of the trigger takes place via the AND conjunction with the type of tele gram If here special defaults are to be made the meaning of the bit D3 for A B slaves is to be considered The button OK is created in such a way that it can be only operated if theoret ical meaningful settings are to be confirmed If the software is loaded for the first time the manual trigger is switched off as default setting You can get the current list of the slaves over the button Get Slave List if you have already made a statistics measurement 29 5 7 4 2 30 O You can trigger xx1x on the slave answer with read status calls to detect a periphery error Il There is a template for this as well O In order to trigger on the releasing of the safety monitor attach the trigger input to the reporting exit of the monitor and trigger then on ll low active on the external trigger input Note Start traces and recorded frames before trigger Similarly as with a memory oscilloscope you can set a various number of tele grams to be saved before the trigger event This causes that the stored trace does not only begin at the trigger time but that it also shows a given number of data pak kets directly before accomplishing the last trigger condition Thus the trace looks backwards to the direct past from the trigger time still another piece into So a pre history analysis is possible You can specify in the menu Options Trigger Point the size o
62. tworks 35 More Critical Networks 96 Facility and Safety Engineering 96 Example ge 36 Using the Analyser eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eene nennen nnns Checking the actual state essen nnne nnne Logging the Actual State siirinsesi aeaeaie aaay Error Diagnostics in the Network m Failure Of a Slave eoe eee rr ERU e ENSEM AR Eire Eo Meis Error by External Disturbances ssssseeeeeeeeeneennenenee Error by Bad Contact Error by Overloaded Slaves seen ene Errors by Excess Length or by High capacity Slaves sss 41 Error by Configuration Deviation Control of Corrective Measures Error Diagnostics and Optimization of the Application 42 Development Accompanying Control of Slave and Master 42 Accessories e 43 AS i Repeater AS i Tuner AS i Bus Termination 43 Technical Daia 2 reiecit 44 1 E E AEAEE 45 The Symbols Used Warning Attention O lIl Note This symbol warns the user of possible danger Not following this warning can lead to personal injury or death and or destruction of the equipment This symbol warns the user of a possible failure Not following this warning can lead to total failure of the device or any other connected equipment This symbol dr
63. unication This is to be regarded as a critical case Uncritical Networks If a net is considered to be uncritical in the sense that a short disturbance e g even a temporary malfunction of a slave does not threaten the application becau se the application does not stop this state can be tolerated in many cases One of these uncritical situations is e g single yellow slaves or even red slaves appear beside many green slaves for hours in a net which is nevertheless not notice able in a different way 35 6 2 6 3 6 4 36 More Critical Networks A net of similar quality which is used in an application which stops even if a slave fails for a short time only should be examined more precisely Every yellow or red slave basically indicates the risk of a reduced availability Something similar applies to applications used by operators who cannot handle AS Interface The examination with the analyser as well as the detailed clarificati on of the repetitions occurrence decreases the danger of taking expensive repair services It should be inspected also if the effort for avoiding repetitions can be justified eco nomically The evaluation of the consecutive error helps to decide rationally If repetitions only occur in the lower classes even though this net has been obser ved for a longer period a good forecast for a further trouble free run is likely to be made In some cases eventual risks can be eva
64. w Overview Hold Time 2 s Configuration Advanced Statistics Single Slaves A Slaves Master Tel Missing puce 0 18 Status Status 1 10158 3000 17 ye 2 10158 0 18 r Dm Me 3 10158 0 19 g n 10158 0 20 5 10189 0 21 E 2 amp 2 D mop z 8 24 3 28 E e 10 26 27 ye 12 28 aa 13 29 1 m ear 14 30 is 15 31 ue A 15 3t Clear All Hold C Slave exists ker gen Ciera Aa Clu Seer Fig 16 Example of a net strongly disturbed The effect of this disturbance becomes visible only by an error analysis The representation as a consecutive error shows that the disturbance can be tolerated temporarily see text 37 7 1 7 2 38 Using the Analyser The analyser can be used for many different tasks The most important functions are described in the following sections Checking the actual state The online statistics permit the complete examination and logging of the momen tary condition of an attached net It can be improved step by step The Overview of the online statistics gives a direct visual impression of the of the net s quality by the classical traffic light representation green yellow red example in fig 3 It verifies the period between power on of the analyser or a deleting process and the read out During this period the worst condition of a slave red or yellow is indicated This mode is a basic mode of the analyser It is appropriate for long term veri

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