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R&S FSV-K10x (LTE Downlink) LTE Downlink

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1. 9 User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 101 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands SSS SS SS EE SS SaaS Remote Commands to Read Numeric Results Return values lt EVM gt lt numeric value gt Minimum maximum or average EVM depending on the last com mand syntax element The unit is or dB depending on your selection Example FETC SUMM EVM PSIG Returns the mean value Usage Query only Manual operation See Result Summary on page 28 FETCh SUMMary FERRor MAXimum FETCh SUMMary FERRor MINimum FETCh SUMMary FERRor AVERage This command queries the frequency error Return values FreqError numeric value Minimum maximum or average frequency error depending on the last command syntax element Default unit Hz Example FETC SUMM FERR Returns the average frequency error in Hz Usage Query only Manual operation See Result Summary on page 28 FETCh SUMMary GIMBalance MAXimum FETCh SUMMary GIMBalance MINimum FETCh SUMMary GIMBalance AVERage This command queries the UO gain imbalance Return values lt Gainlmbalance gt lt numeric value gt Minimum maximum or average UO imbalance depending on the last command syntax element Default unit dB Example FETC SUMM GIMB Returns the current gain imbalance in dB Usage Query only Manual operation See
2. eese eene nennen nnn nien nnnnr nini 56 Configuring Spectrum Measurements seen enne enne nnn 57 General ACLR and SEM Contouratton enne 57 Configuring SEM Measurement nennen nnne nnns 58 Configuring ACLR Measurements sse nennen nnn nnns 58 Advanced General Settings eeseeseeeeseeeeeeeeenen nennen nennen nnn nnns 59 Controlling ge NEE occorre narret deer etx a dec ua due sene ida Ru ou coeur 59 Controlling the le LEE 60 Configuring the Digital 1 Q Input 61 Configuring Downlink Signal Demodulation enne 61 Configuring the Data Analyse 61 Compensating Measurement Errors sse 64 Configuring MIMO Getups nennen nennen enne nene 65 Configuring Downlink Frames eeeeeeeeeeeeeeennnnene nennen nnne nnne nnnnrn innen 66 Configuring DD Re EE 66 Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Jdenmttv cee eeceeeeeeeecneeeeeeeetaeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeaas 67 Configuring POSCH Gubtrames A 68 Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics eene 71 Defining the PDSCH Resource Block Symbol Offset 71 Configuring the Reference Gigonal eene 72 Configuring the Synchronization Signal sssne enn 72 Configuring the Control Channels A 73 Analyzing Measurement Results EEN 78 Selecting a Particular Signal ASPeCt ceceecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeseeeeesseeeseeeeeesaes 78 SS
3. eee 96 Remote Commands to Read Numeric Results sees 98 Remote Commands to Read Trace Data eeeeeeeeeeenn 105 Using the TRACe DATA Commande 105 Remote Commands to Read Measurement Results 116 Remote Commands to Configure the Application sus 119 Remote Commands for General Gettnges 119 Configuring MIMO TTT 127 Advanced General Settings sies ee kata se nha aa Dd AAA 128 Configuring Downlink Signal Demodulation ee 130 Configuring Downlink Frames eene nemen nennen 134 Defining Advanced Signal Charactertetce ccccccececeeeeeeeeccneeeeeeeeeetteeeeeeeeeeeaas 138 Analyzing Measurement Results eese nnne nnne nnns 144 LEE User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 5 8 8 1 General Commands for Result Anahyeis sss 144 8 8 2 Marker and Delta Marker eene nennen 145 8 8 3 Scaling the Vertical Diagram Axe 150 8 9 Configuring the Software esssssseessseeeeeeeeneeen nennen enne nnn nnn nnns nnn nnnnns 151 List of Commands einen tenu rer enano nene e ca pons ka ganar aa d asiSdS 153 j ee 157 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Introduction 1 1 1 Requirements for UMTS Long Term Evolution Introduction Currently UMTS networks worldwide are being upgraded to high speed downlink packet access HSDPA in
4. Turns auto gating on Manual operation See Auto Gating on page 57 Remote Commands to Perform Measurements lg CO CMN UE 96 NTa MMed at s nere e tee erento eee ERROR E e ER RR E HEX Ra RR EROR ONE iia 96 INI TIatesl EE 97 ISENSGelfL TE OObPower ATlMimg nennen nnn nnn ennt rnt nh nennen 97 ENSel SNCTST ATelt tette tenete tnt tentes set tees sonia 97 INITiate CONTinuous State This command controls the sweep mode Parameters State ON OFF ON Continuous sweep OFF Single sweep RST OFF Example INIT CONT OFF Switches the sequence to single sweep INIT CONT ON Switches the sequence to continuous sweep Manual operation See Single Sweep and Continuous Sweep on page 48 INITiate IMMediate This command initiates a new measurement sequence With a frame count gt 0 this means a restart of the corresponding number of measure ments In single sweep mode you can synchronize to the end of the measurement with OPC In continuous sweep mode synchronization to the end of the sweep is not possible Example INIT Initiates a new measurement E User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 96 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands Ech Remote Commands to Perform Measurements Usage Event INITiate REFResh This command updates the current UO measurement results to reflect the current mea surement settings No new UO data is captured Thus measurement settings apply to the UO data c
5. SENSe FREQuency CENTer is the same as SENS FREQ CENT 8 2 3 Numeric Suffixes Some keywords have a numeric suffix if the command can be applied to multiple instan ces of an object In that case the suffix selects a particular instance e g a measurement window Numeric suffixes are indicated by angular brackets n next to the keyword If you don t quote a suffix for keywords that support one a 1 is assumed Example DISPlay WINDow lt 1 4 gt ZOOM STATe enables the zoom in a particular mea surement window selected by the suffix at WINDow DISPlay WINDow4 ZOOM STATe ON refers to window 4 8 2 4 Optional Keywords Some keywords are optional and are only part of the syntax because of SCPI compliance You can include them in the header or not Note that if an optional keyword has a numeric suffix and you need to use the suffix you have to include the optional keyword Otherwise the suffix of the missing keyword is assumed to be the value 1 Optional keywords are emphasized with square brackets Example Without a numeric suffix in the optional keyword SENSe FREQuency CENTer is the same as FREQuency CENTer With a numeric suffix in the optional keyword DISPlay WINDow lt 1 4 gt ZOOM STATe DISPlay ZOOM STATe ON enables the zoom in window 1 no suffix DISPlay WINDow4 ZOOM STATe ON enables the zoom in window 4 User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 88 R amp S FSV K1
6. E User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 65 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement a ee ae a a es a Configuring Downlink Frames 5 7 Configuring Downlink Frames The frame configuration contains settings that define the structure of the downlink LTE signal You can find the frame structure in the Demod Settings dialog box 5 7 1 Configuring TDD Signals The TDD settings define the characteristics of an LTE TDD signal The TDD settings are part of the Frame Configuration tab of the Demodulation Set tings dialog box TDD Configuration TDD UL DL Allocations Conf 0 DL S UL UL UL DL S UL UL UL Conf Special Subframe Conf 0 COMNGUNNG TOD VAT aS UR 66 Configuring TDD Frames TDD frames contain both uplink and downlink information separated in time with every subframe being responsible for either uplink or downlink transmission The standard specifies several subframe configurations or resource allocations for TDD systems TDD UL DL Allocations Selects the configuration of the subframes in a radio frame in TDD systems The UL DL configuration or allocation defines the way each subframe is used for uplink downlink or if it is a special subframe The standard specifies seven different configura tions SE Subframe Number and Usage EN RE ES RS C S DRE EE ERR DEOR NENNEN e 0 00 o5 vvv p bisJujulp by Ss quu p ets tf eto peo pyotys jub y pobisJujulu bDj b DD o 0 0
7. Offset This command defines the trigger offset Parameters Offset numeric value RST 0s Default unit s Example TRIG HOLD 5MS Sets the trigger offset to 5 ms TRIGger SEQuence IFPower HOLDoff Offset This command defines the holding time before the next trigger event Note that this command is available for any trigger source not just IF Power Parameters Offset Range 150 ns to 10s RST 150 ns Default unit s Example TRIG IFP HOLD 1 Defines a holdoff of 1 second TRIGger SEQuence IFPower HYSTeresis lt Hysteresis gt This command defines the trigger hysteresis Parameters lt Hysteresis gt Range 3 to 50 RST 3 Default unit dB Example TRIG IFP HYST 10 Defines a trigger hysteresis of 10 dB EN User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 126 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands a ee O ae a ee ee Uem Remote Commands to Configure the Application TRIGger SEQuence LEVel lt analyzer gt POWer lt Level gt This command defines the trigger level for an IF power trigger Parameters lt Level gt Default unit DBM Example TRIG LEV POW 10 Defines a trigger level of 10 dBm TRIGger SEQuence MODE lt Source gt This command selects the trigger source Parameters lt Source gt EXTernal Selects external trigger source IFPower Selects the IF power trigger source IMMediate Selects free run trigger source PSEN Selects power sensor trig
8. Scrambling of Coded Bits Turns the scrambling of coded bits for all physical channels like PDSCH or PHICH on and off The scrambling of coded bits affects the bitstream results EN User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 62 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement mA 8 Configuring Downlink Signal Demodulation Source ofbitstream results when Scrambling of coded bits is ON OFF unscrambled bits scrambled bits Scrambling us ae Scrambling pu aang Fig 5 1 Source for bitstream results if scrambling for coded bits is on and off codewords N mapper Remote command SENSe LTE Db DEMod CBSCrambling on page 131 Auto PDSCH Demodulation Turns automatic demodulation of the PDSCH on and off Turn on automatic PDSCH demodulation for automatic detection of the PDSCH resource allocation The application is able to detect the PDSCH resource allocation by analyzing the protocol information in the PDCCH or by analyzing the physical signal It then writes the results into the PDSCH Configuration Table You can set the way the R amp S FSV identifies the PDSCH resource allocation with PDSCH Subframe Configuration Detection on page 63 If the automatic demodulation of the PDSCH is off you have to configure the PDSCH manually In that case the a
9. Suffix m 1 Parameters Position Numeric value that defines the delta marker position on the x axis Default unit The unit depends on the result display Example CALC DELT2 X 1GHZ Positions delta marker 2 on the frequency of 1 GHz CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt Y This command queries the position of a delta marker on the y axis If necessary the command activates the delta marker first To get a valid result you have to perform a complete measurement with synchronization to the end of the measurement before reading out the result This is only possible for single sweeps Suffix lt m gt 1 Example INIT CONT OFF Switches to single measurement mode CALC DELT2 ON Turns on delta marker 2 INIT WAI Starts a measurement and waits for the end CALC MARK2 Y Queries the measurement result at the position of delta marker 2 Usage Query only L User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 149 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands eS SS A PJ a Analyzing Measurement Results 8 8 3 Scaling the Vertical Diagram Axis Programming example to scale the y axis Start EVM vs Symbol result display in screen B CALC2 FEED EVM EVSY Refresh the measurement results based on the contents of the capture buffer INIT IMM Select screen B DISP WIND2 SEL Select dB as the EVM unit UNIT EVM DB Define the point of ori
10. 44 numerical p Channel flatness group delay 43 On off DOWOE eessen ees Configurable Subframes 68 power spectrum esseeee tette Configuration Table 68 power vs RB PDSCH e 2 42 Constellation diagram AN power vs RB RS ssee eerte 42 Constellation Selection sss 80 result summaty estet 28 Conventions spectrum mask 38 SCPI commands ENEE 87 MKR Key sesseeeetetetetet ettet tette 82 Multicarrier filter sis 2 icio dedere dive rore rte e 64 D N Dialog ur H Number of RR 50 Marker Zoom Numerical results ette 28 Digital Input Data Rate O E On Off e UE 32 Error in Subframies esis Nee EEN i 68 EVM Calculation Method seen 62 P EVM vs Carrier E EVM vs subframie eet 2 eed rede eege 37 P S SYNC Tx antenna sss esses 73 EVM VS SYMDOl eege geed 36 PB CH eege deeg 73 External Attenuation ees esses 52 PCFICH es T4 PDSCH reference data cccccceeesceeeeeeeeeesesnsnteeeeeee 64 F PDSCH subframe detection sss 63 Phase Error iei 50 PHIGH cte bi dci aie UR Ds Frequency error vs symbol sss 36 Power speclrum i e erri iie er at 41 Full Seale Level tn e irme rice 61 Power vs RB PDSCH 2 42 Power vs RB RS cae BRENNEN 42 H PRB symbol offset stt 72 P SYNC Relative Power 73 Header T
11. esses nennen enne nenen neret nere n nere n tense 123 ISENSe POWer NCORTEC OM irisi SENSe POWer SEM CATegory SENSE SWAPi DEE ISENS SWE6p EGAT AUTO D 95 SENSGESWE Gp TIME eege aE ea aE a NEEE Ea NEE ANENA AEE NSO AO A ADEE 125 EI ERC de KR ER 97 SENSe ELTETEDLE DEMOG AU fO iore etant d se ege eTbr e tenere Ee nre etaed Id eau Eee b bx eeu e Rodeo Ead 130 SENSe LTEE DL DEMod BES Timaltion 2 2 erret tr rnt heroin dee 130 SENSe LTE DL DEMod CBSCrambling ecceeceecceeceeeeeeeeeereeneeeeecnreseeeeeeeeeesaresaeseeesneeeaeeeeesaeeeneseaeeereeas 131 SENSe E L TEEDE DEMod CESTimation 1 reet rnt eer rrr ate inrer noia inii 131 SENSe LTE DL DEMod EVMCalc SENSe LTE DL DEMOG MCFiNGr cccusccvcestesbersescesecsuetbessstecocedsosscussessbscasssccenshsacieesssacdvesseusassdecterseneradeeds SENSe E LTEEDE DEMod PRDAata err rn ert nere erp euer en e Marne Ee eh re r pieno p edd SENSe ETEEDE FORMAGEtPSGCD irrnetr teneret ternas ene er heb eoa ken Reese bann eMe nin EnS SENSe LTE DL TRACking PHASe esses enne enne nnne nnree neret rne nnrsetere trees n nns iiaia iaia SENSe EL TEE DL TRAGking TIME oe irent titur n tret tto e tr e renean dn nere JS ETIIBNESBaau ue d SENSe LTEE FRAMe COUNECAUTO iiiiiene trennt tne rentur tta eran itae erani iaa aane nona aie SENSe LTEFRAMe COUNESTAT
12. 0 103 e 0 DCI format 0 e 10 DCI format 1 e 11 DCI format 1A e 12 DCI format 1B e 13 DCI format 1C e 14 DCI format 1D e 20 DCI format 2 e 21 DCI format 2A e 22 DCI format 2B e 23 DCI format 2C e 30 DCI format 3 e 31 DCI format A e 103 DCI format 0 3 3A modulation Represents the modulation scheme The range is 0 8 e 0 unrecognized e 1 RBPSK e 2 QPSK e 3 16QAM p User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 114 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands ne es SSS Se ee Remote Commands to Read Trace Data e 4 64QAM e 5 8PSK e 6 PSK e 7 mixed modulation e 8 BPSK lt number of symbols or bits gt In hexadecimal mode this represents the number of symbols to be transmitted In binary mode it represents the number of bits to be transmitted lt PHICH duration gt Represents the PHICH duration The range is 1 2 e 1 normal e 2 extended lt PHICH resource gt Represents the parameter Ng The range is 1 4 e 1 N 1 6 e 2 N 1 2 e 3 N 1 e 4 Ng2 TRACe DATA Result This command returns the trace data for the current measurement or result display For more information see chapter 8 6 1 Using the TRACe DATA Command on page 105 Query parameters lt TraceNumber gt TRACE1 TRACE2 TRACE3 LIST PBCH PCFICH
13. Antenna ANT1 ANT2 ANT3 ANTA ALL NONE RST ALL Example CONF DL SYNC ANT ALL All antennas are used to transmit the P SYNC and S SYNC Manual operation See P S SYNC Tx Antenna on page 73 CONFigure L TE DL SYNC PPOWer Power This command defines the relative power of the P SYNC Parameters Power numeric value RST 0 dB Default unit DB Example CONF DL SYNC PPOW 0 5 Sets a relative power of 0 5 dB Manual operation See P SYNC Relative Power on page 73 EN User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 139 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands 8 7 6 4 Remote Commands to Configure the Application CONFigure L TE DL SYNC SPOWer Power This command defines the relative power of the S SYNC Parameters Power numeric value RST 0 dB Default unit DB Example CONF DL SYNC SPOW 0 5 Sets a relative power of 0 5 dB Manual operation See S SYNC Relative Power on page 73 Configuring the Control Channel GONFigurepETEEDIPBOHIPONM HGr ee Leere ceti ei EEGEN nee 140 GOlFiSurebEFEEDEPBOHS TAL ET 140 GONFigure C TEEDLIPOFIehIPOWOTL eiii ect e eL tet Nee ee renes 141 GONFigureEETEEDEIPOFIGhIS DAT reet tirer e tno Doe Te rhe ze Pe E RR RRRO ER sas 141 EE Le He EN RTE Ree Bel EE 141 GONFigurer ETEEDEIPECCh NOBPD ere eege NEESS een 141 CONFigurerETEEDEPDOGORhIPONBI 1 1 rater dadas eon adeo tree gere een 142 CONFigure L TEEDEIPHIGh DURalion 1 e
14. DL 5UBFrame lt subframe gt ALLoc lt allocation gt POWer Power This command defines the relative power of an allocation in a downlink subframe Parameters lt Power gt lt numeric value gt RST 0 dB Default unit DB Example CONF DL SUBF2 ALL5 POW 1 3 Defines a relative power of 1 3 dB for allocation 5 in subframe 2 Manual operation See Configuring PDSCH Allocations on page 69 CONFigure LTE DL SUBFrame lt subframe gt ALLoc lt allocation gt RBCount lt ResourceBlocks gt This command selects the number of resource blocks of an allocation in a downlink sub frame L User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 137 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands REESEN Remote Commands to Configure the Application Parameters ResourceBlocks numeric value RST 6 Example CONF DL SUBF2 ALL5 RBC 25 Defines 25 resource block for allocation 5 in subframe 2 Manual operation See Configuring PDSCH Allocations on page 69 CONFigure L TE DL SUBFramessubframe ALLoc allocation RBOFfset Offset This command defines the resource block offset of an allocation in a downlink subframe Parameters Offset numeric value RST 0 Example CONF DL SUBF2 ALL5 RBOF 3 Defines a resource block offset of 3 for allocation 5 in subframe 2 Manual operation See Configuring PDSCH Allocations on page 69 8 7 6 Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics 8 7 6 1 Defining the PDSCH Resource B
15. PDCCH Identifies the configuration according to the data in the PDCCH DCls PHYDET Manual PDSCH configuration analysis only if the actual subframe configuration matches the configured one Automatic PDSCH configuration physical detection of the config uration RST PHYD DL FORM PSCD OFF Applies the user configuration and does not check the received signal See PDSCH Subframe Configuration Detection on page 63 User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 132 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands Remote Commands to Configure the Application 8 7 4 2 Compensating Measurement Errors SENSe L TE DL TRACking PHASe ecce tent ttt tentent tetas 133 SENSe L TE DL TRACking TIME ccce tentent tenet tetti 133 SENSe LTE DL TRACking PHASe Type This command selects the phase tracking type for downlink signals Parameters Type OFF Deactivate phase tracking PIL Pilot only PILP Pilot and payload RST OFF Example DL TRAC PHAS PILPAY Use pilots and payload for phase tracking Manual operation See Phase on page 65 SENSe L TE DL TRACking TIME State This command turns timing tracking for downlink signals on and off Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example DL TRAC TIME ON Activates timing tracking Manual operation See Timing on page 65 8 7 4 3 Configuring MIMO Setups CONFigure t TEEDESMIMO OROSSItalk 2 21222 riter teet ette
16. PHICH PDCCH Usage Query only SS ST User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 115 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands ees OULU PUT w Remote Commands to Read Trace Data 8 6 2 Remote Commands to Read Measurement Results CALCulate lt n gt LlMit lt k gt ACPower ACHannel RESUlt elec sees 116 CAL Culate nz LUlMitcks ACBower Al TemateREGuit eene 116 CAL Culate nz LUlMitcks OObowerOFtbower enean nnne sans nn as 117 CAL Culate nz LUlMitcks O0ObowerTRANslent senes ense nn as 117 CAL Culate nzM Abkermz FUNGCHon bOMWer RE Gu CUbRbent 118 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt ACPower ACHannel RESult Result This command queries the limit check results for the adjacent channels during ACLR measurements Query parameters Result ALL Queries the overall limit check results REL Queries the channel power limit check results ABS Queries the distance to the limit line Return values lt LimitCheck gt Returns two values one for the upper and one for the lower adja cent channel 1 Limit check has passed 0 Limit check has failed Example CALC LIM ACP ACH RES ALL Queries the results of the adjacent channel limit check Usage Query only CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt ACPower ALTernate RESult lt Result gt This command queries the limit check results for the alternate channels during ACLR measurements Query parameters lt Result gt ALL Queries the
17. Result Summary on page 28 N User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 102 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands EES Remote Commands to Read Numeric Results FETCh SUMMary IQOFfset MAXimum FETCh SUMMary IQOFfset MINimum FETCh SUMMary IQOFfset AVERage This command queries the UO offset Return values lt lQOffset gt lt numeric value gt Minimum maximum or average l Q offset depending on the last command syntax element Default unit dB Example FETC SUMM IQOF Returns the current IQ offset in dB Usage Query only Manual operation See Result Summary on page 28 FETCh SUMMary OSTP MAXimum FETCh SUMMary OSTP MINimum FETCh SUMMary OSTP AVERage This command queries the OSTP Return values lt OSTP gt lt numeric value gt Minimum maximum or average OSTP depending on the last command syntax element Default unit dBm Example FETC SUMM OSTP Returns the current average OSTP value Usage Query only Manual operation See Result Summary on page 28 FETCh SUMMary POWer MAXimum FETCh SUMMary POWer MINimum FETCh SUMMary POWer AVERage This command queries the total power Return values lt Power gt lt numeric value gt Minimum maximum or average power depending on the last command syntax element Default unit dBm Example FETC SUMM POW Returns the total power in dBm Usage Query only EN User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 103 R amp S FSV K10x LT
18. and Q branches on Manual operation See Swap Q on page 60 8 7 3 2 Controlling the Input For information on the remote commands for reference level and attenuation settings see chapter 8 7 1 2 Configuring the Input Level on page 121 tere EE 128 TRACSHQ F TO age 129 INPut SELect lt Source gt This command selects the signal source User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 128 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands mAm HJ egent 8 7 3 3 Remote Commands to Configure the Application Parameters Source RF Selects the RF input as the signal source AIQ Selects the analog baseband input as the data source This source is available only with option R amp S FSV B71 DIQ Selects the digital baseband input as the data source This source is available only with option R amp S FSV B17 Example INP DIQ Selects the digital baseband input Manual operation See Selecting the Input Source on page 60 TRACe IQ FILTer FLATness lt FilterType gt This command turns the wideband filter on and off Parameters lt FilterType gt NORMal Uses the normal filter WIDE Turns the wideband filter on RST NORMal Example TRAC IQ FILT FLAT WIDE Turns the wideband filter on Configuring the Digital UO Input CIE DIG SRAM KE 129 INPutspm s DIORANGSEDBPPel urit haeo agua epe Aca cu
19. directly with PHICH Number of Groups Remote command CONFigure LTE DL PHICh NGParameter on page 143 PHICH Number of Groups Sets the number of PHICH groups contained in a subframe To select a number of groups you have to set the PHICH N g to Custom Remote command CONFigure LTE DL PHICh NOGRoups on page 143 PHICH Rel Power Defines the power of the PHICH relative to the reference signal Remote command CONFigure LTE DL PHICh POWer on page 143 5 8 4 4 Configuring the PDCCH The physical downlink control channel PDCCH carries the downlink control information The PDCCH is always present You can define several specific parameters for the PDCCH DL Demod DL Frame Config DME SCIT PDCCH Format 1 Number of PDCCHs 0 Rel Power 0 dB PDCCH Format Defines the format of the PDCCH physical downlink control channel Note that PDCCH format 1 is not defined in the standard This format corresponds to the transmission of one PDCCH on all available resource element groups As a special case for this PDCCH format the center of the constellation diagram is treated as a valid constellation point Remote command CONFigure LTE DL PDCCh FORMat on page 141 Number of PDCCHs Sets the number of physical downlink control channels This parameter is available if the PDCCH format is 1 Remote command CONFigure LTE DL PDCCh NOPD on page 141 User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 76 Defining
20. the R amp S FSV updates the current measurement results with respect to the new settings It does not capture UO data again but uses the data captured last Remote command INITiate REFResh on page 97 Adjust Timing Adjusts the timing when you perform Transmit On Off Power measurements For more information see Performing the measurement on page 26 Adjust timing is available for measurements with an external trigger Remote command SENSe LTE 00Power ATIMing on page 97 5 2 General Settings 5 2 1 Defining Signal Characteristics The general signal characteristics contain settings to describe the general physical attrib utes of the signal The signal characteristics are part of the General tab of the General Settings dialog box IESSE User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 49 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement REENERT General Settings General MIMO Advanced Trigger Spectrum Signal Characteristics Standard 3GPP LTE TDD Downl Frequency 1 8 GHz Channel Bandwidth 8W 10 MHz Number of RB 50 FFT SizeN Fer 1024 Sampling Rate 15 36 MHz Cyclic Prefix Auto Selecting the LPE MOG iier ede tme Pene teh aa eene Rea eh na ODER x eh saga Me Ux RFT SNR RR EE 50 Danning the Signal e ee 50 Channel Bandwidth Number of Resource Blockes eee 50 vrl qme EM 51 Selecting the LTE Mode The standard defines the LTE mode you are testing The choices you h
21. 1 rettet dieit d ses 61 F llSeale Level teer e eere eee e te e MEYER ue tatg 61 Sampling Rate Input Data Rate Defines the data sample rate at the digital baseband input The sample rate is available for a digital baseband input source Remote command INPut n DIQ SRATe on page 129 Full Scale Level Defines the voltage corresponding to the maximum input value of the digital baseband input Remote command INPut lt n gt DIQ RANGe UPPer on page 129 5 6 Configuring Downlink Signal Demodulation The downlink demodulation settings contain settings that describe the signal processing and the way the signal is measured You can find the demodulation settings in the Demod Settings dialog box 5 6 1 Configuring the Data Analysis The data analysis settings contain settings that determine the way the captured signal is analyzed The data analysis settings are part of the Downlink Demod tab of the Demodulation Settings dialog box _L_____S__ S Se e eL 1 1 LLL 1 LleLLEAALLL L L L UL LLL x User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 61 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement pce e UA RU VE mc M MH H T ERREUR Configuring Downlink Signal Demodulation PELLET DL Frame Config DL Adv Sig Config Data Analysis Channel Estimation EVM 3GPP Definition EVM Calculation Method EVM 3GPP Definition Coded Bits Scramblin
22. 55 55 n j po 5 0 5 5 b j j pbsjuju u byjsyju up pj U uplink D downlink S special subframe Conf of Special Subframe In combination with the cyclic prefix the special subframes serve as guard periods for switches from uplink to downlink They contain three parts or fields e DwPTS User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 66 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement ee ae HP Configuring Downlink Frames The DwPTS is the downlink part of the special subframe It is used to transmit down link data e GP The guard period makes sure that there are no overlaps of up and downlink signals during a switch e UpPTS The UpPTS is the uplink part of the special subframe It is used to transmit uplink data The length of the three fields is variable This results in several possible configurations of the special subframe The LTE standard defines 9 different configurations for the spe cial subframe However configurations 7 and 8 only work for a normal cyclic prefix If you select it using an extended cyclic prefix or automatic detection of the cyclic prefix the application will show an error message Remote command Subframe CONFigure LTE DL TDD UDConf on page 134 Special Subframe CONFigure LTE DL TDD SPSC on page 134 5 7 2 Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity T
23. 7 5 kHz is also possible sw can vary in order to allow for scalable bandwidth operation up to 20 MHz Initially the bandwidths for LTE were explicitly defined within layer 1 spec ifications Later on a bandwidth agnostic layer 1 was introduced with sw for the different bandwidths to be specified by 3GPP RAN4 to meet performance requirements e g for out of band emission requirements and regulatory emission limits One downlink slot T a Resource element One resource block Npe subcarriers NBE subcarriers M OFDM symbols Fig 1 5 Downlink Resource Grid One downlink slot consists of sx OFDM symbols To each symbol a cyclic prefix CP is appended as guard time compare figure 1 1 sx depends on the cyclic prefix length The generic frame structure with normal cyclic prefix length contains sm 7 symbols This translates into a cyclic prefix length of Tcpz5 2us for the first symbol and Tcpz4 7us for the remaining 6 symbols Additionally an extended cyclic prefix is defined in order to cover large cell scenarios with higher delay spread and MBMS transmission The generic frame structure with extended cyclic prefix of To 16 7us contains s 6 OFDM sym bols subcarrier spacing 15 kHz The generic frame structure with extended cyclic prefix E M B 9 User Manual
24. 7661 02 01 30 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays Measuring the Power Over Time 4 2 Measuring the Power Over Time This chapter contains information on all measurements that show the power of a signal over time Oabpture BUNGE 2 dee ter RED NITE HE HU hese 31 ele ug 32 Capture Buffer The Capture Buffer result display shows the complete range of captured data for the last data capture The x axis represents time The maximum value of the x axis is equal to the Capture Time The y axis represents the amplitude of the captured UO data in dBm for RF input A Capture Memory dBm Ref 20 dBm AttE 0 00 70 00 dB CW 2 0 ms div Fig 4 1 Capture buffer without zoom The header of the diagram shows the reference level the mechanical and electrical attenuation and the trace mode The green bar at the bottom of the diagram represents the frame that is currently ana lyzed A blue vertical line at the beginning of the green bar in the Capture Buffer display repre sents the subframe start Additionally the diagram contains the Subframe Start Offset value This value is the time difference between the subframe start and capture buffer start When you zoom into the diagram you will see that the bar may be interrupted at certain positions Each small bar indicates the useful parts of the OFDM symbol IECH User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 31 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements a
25. CONF DL PHIC MITM ON Activates PHICH TDD m_i 1 E TM Manual operation See PHICH TDD m_i 1 E TM on page 75 SS ST User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 142 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands Remote Commands to Configure the Application CONFigure LTE DL PHICh NGParameter lt Ng gt This command selects the method that determines the number of PHICH groups ina subframe Parameters lt Ng gt Example Manual operation NG1_6 NG1_2 NG1 NG2 NGCUSTOM Select NG_CUSTOM to customize N You can then define the variable as you like with CONFigure LTE DL PHICh NOGRoups RST NG1 6 CONF DL PHIC NGP NG1 6 Sets N to 1 6 The number fo PHICH groups in the subframe depends on the number of resource blocks CONF DL PHIC NGP NG CUSTOM Define a customized value for N CONF DL PHIC NOGR 5 Directly sets the number of PHICH groups in the subframe to 5 See PHICH N g on page 75 CONFigure L TE DL PHICh NOGRoups lt NofGroups gt This command sets the number of PHICH groups Parameters lt NofGroups gt Example Manual operation lt numeric value gt RST 0 CONF DL PHIC NOGR 5 Sets number of PHICH groups to 5 See PHICH Number of Groups on page 76 CONFigure LTE DL PHICh POWer lt Power gt This command defines the relative power of the PHICH Parameters lt Power gt Example Manual operation lt numeric value gt RST 3 01 dB Default unit
26. CONFigure LTE DL SYNC PPOWer on page 139 S SYNC Relative Power Defines the power of the S SYNC signals relative to the reference signal Remote command CONFigure LTE DL SYNC SPOWer on page 140 5 8 4 Configuring the Control Channels The control channel settings contain setting that describe the physical attributes and structure of the control channel The control channel settings are part of the Downlink Signal Characteristics tab of the Demodulation Settings dialog box e Configuring the e EE 73 e GONTOUTING the POPIGM E 74 Ui essi cobun dgglsi MEME 74 Conigurno the E EIER err EA 76 5 8 4 1 Configuring the PBCH The physical broadcast channel PBCH carries system information for the user equip ment You can include or exclude the PBCH in the test setup and define the relative power of this channel User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 73 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement REESEN Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics DL Demod DL Frame Config ORT SES PBCH Present V Rel Power 0 dB PBCH Present Includes or excludes the PBCH from the test setup Remote command CONFigure LTE DL PBCH STAT on page 140 PBCH Relative Power Defines the power of the PBCH relative to the reference signal Remote command CONFigure LTE DL PBCH POWer on page 140 5 8 4 2 Configuring the PCFICH The physical control format indicator channel PCFICH carrie
27. DB CONF DL PHIC POW 1 3 Sets the relative power to 1 3 dB See PHICH Rel Power on page 76 User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 143 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands Analyzing Measurement Results 8 8 Analyzing Measurement Results 8 8 1 General Commands for Result Analysis GONFigure al TEEDESCONS EOQGalion 2 REESEN ern itudin ee ERR pO e Rr dee 144 ISENSeIEETEESUBFrame EE 144 UN ES VE 144 UNIT EVM ER 145 CONFigure LTE DL CONS LOCation lt Location gt This command selects the data source of the constellation diagram for measurements on downlink signals Parameters lt Location gt AMD After the MIMO decoder BMD Before the MIMO decoder RST BMD Example CONF DL CONS LOC AMD Use data from after the MIMO decoder Manual operation See Evaluation Range for the Constellation Diagram on page 80 SENSe L TE SUBFrame SELect lt Subframe gt This command selects the subframe to be analyzed Parameters lt Subframe gt ALL lt numeric value gt ALL Select all subframes 0 39 Select a single subframe RST ALL Example SUBF SEL ALL Select all subframes for analysis Manual operation See Subframe Selection on page 78 UNIT BSTR lt Unit gt This command selects the way the bit stream is displayed User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 144 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink 8 8 2 8 8 2 1 Remote Commands Analyzing Measurement Results Parameter
28. ENEE LEE ENER A 120 CONFIE L TE DUPLEX cis ioc yo ee Epor eio Ra e Mo hr ee bee baeo ean 120 CONFiguire LTE LDIRGGUOM ET 120 SENSe FREQuency CENWef 2 c ccneie aise Slane 121 CONFigure LTE DL BW lt Bandwidth gt This command selects the downlink bandwidth Parameters lt Bandwidth gt BW1 40 BW3_00 BW5_00 BW10_00 BW15 00 BW20 00 RST BW10 00 Example CONF DL BW BW1 40 Sets a signal bandwidth of 1 4 MHz in downlink Manual operation See Channel Bandwidth Number of Resource Blocks on page 50 CONFigure L TE DL CYCPrefix lt PrefixLength gt This command selects the cyclic prefix for downlink signals User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 119 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands REESEN Remote Commands to Configure the Application Parameters lt PrefixLength gt NORM Normal cyclic prefix length EXT Extended cyclic prefix length AUTO Automatic cyclic prefix length detection RST AUTO Example CONF DL CYCP EXT Sets cyclic prefix type to extended Manual operation See Cyclic Prefix on page 51 CONFigure LTE DL NORB lt ResourceBlocks gt This command selects the number of resource blocks for downlink signals Parameters ResourceBlocks lt numeric value RST 50 Example CONF DL NORB 25 Sets the number of resource blocks to 25 Manual operation See Channel Bandwidth Number of Resource Blocks on page 50 CONFigure L TE DUPLexing lt Duplexin
29. M User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 4 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Contents 6 2 6 3 6 4 6 5 6 6 7 1 7 2 8 1 8 2 8 2 1 8 2 2 8 2 3 8 2 4 8 2 5 8 2 6 8 3 8 3 1 8 3 2 8 4 8 5 8 6 8 6 1 8 6 2 8 7 8 7 1 8 7 2 8 7 3 8 7 4 8 7 5 8 7 6 8 8 Defining Measurement Uniits cccccccseeeneeeseseeeeseeseseeeeseeeeseeeeeeeneseeeeseeeseneeeseeeseeeeeens 79 Defining Various Measurement Parameters eene 79 Selecting the Contents of a Constellation Diagram eere 80 Scaling the Y Axis iise icem ec nre Decani Cer ex ua ka a iu exu aane ue curan Pda 81 Using E CM 82 File EE E e BA File Manager uin Seeerei 84 SAVE RECALL Key ret nep nri na HERE RE RER Rx o EXE RR RR REL RR EXE RRR RE MER EASERR RE ARR 85 Remote e ET MEC 86 Overview of Remote Command Suffixes eee 86 Intro CU CUO TE 86 Conventions used in Descriptions ssssssss seen 87 Long and Shon FOM etui E20 eae dede Dra Pa qnd epa Leges a eade asa dd aetas 88 Elle 88 Optional Keyword EE 88 Alternative Keywords etin a fee b ada ee pea dde ed e Dub p asd dia Flan dedans 89 SCP Parameters geess aE EEA A 89 Selecting and Configuring Measurements eene 91 Selecting En CET 91 Configuring Frequency Sweep Measurement sse 93 Remote Commands to Perform Measurements
30. Manual 1176 7661 02 01 85 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands Overview of Remote Command Suffixes 8 Remote Commands e Overview of Remote Command Guffives eese eene 86 e Inttaductof EE 86 e Selecting and Configuring Measurements A 91 e Remote Commands to Perform Measurements nnn 96 e Remote Commands to Read Numeric Hesuhts 98 e Remote Commands to Read Trace Data 105 e Remote Commands to Configure the Applcatton 119 e Analyzing Measurement Results AA 144 Ee De deier RE 151 8 1 Overview of Remote Command Suffixes This chapter provides an overview of all suffixes used for remote commands in the LTE application Suffix Description allocation Selects an allocation analyzer No effect antenna Selects an antenna for MIMO measurements cluster Selects a cluster uplink only lt cwnum gt Selects a codeword lt k gt Selects a limit line Irrelevant for the LTE application lt m gt Selects a marker Irrelevant for the LTE application lt n gt Selects a measurement window lt subframe gt Selects a subframe lt t gt Selects a trace Irrelevant for the LTE application 8 2 Introduction Commands are program messages that a controller e g a PC sends to the instrument or software They operate its functions setting Commande or events and request infor mation query commands Some commands can only be used in one way others work in t
31. Symbol Offset specifies the symbol offset of the PDSCH allocations relative to the subframe start This setting applies to all subframes in a frame With this settings the number of OFDM symbols used for control channels is defined too For example if this parameter is set to 2 and the PDCCH is enabled the number of OFDM symbols actually used by the PDCCH is 2 Special control channels like the PCFICH or PHICH require a minimum number of control channel OFDM symbols at the beginning of each subframe If PRB Symbol Offset is lower than the required value the control channel data overwrites some resource elements of the PDSCH If Auto is selected the Control Region for PDCCH PRB Symbol Offset value is detected from the PCFICH For correct Demodulation of a 3GPP conform PCFICH signal the Scrambling of Coded Bits has to be enabled Remote command CONFigure LTE DL PSOFfset on page 138 5 8 2 Configuring the Reference Signal The reference signal settings contain settings to describe the physical attributes and structure of the reference signal The reference signal settings are part of the Downlink Adv Sig Config tab of the Demodulation Settings dialog box DL Demod DL Frame Config DETAI BE Reference Signal Rel Power 0 dB Rel Power Reference Signal 22 etie eee ENEE ee rede d EE 72 Rel Power Reference Signal Defines the relative power of the reference signal compared to all the other physical signals and
32. This format is useful when the length of the transmission is not known or if speed or other considerations prevent segmentation of the data into blocks of definite length Selecting and Configuring Measurements Selecting Measurements ee E TE 91 DISPlay Pl Deelt TAB acier terree ence se ARENS on ee pete uen pen Seechen 93 CALCulate lt n gt FEED lt DispType gt This command selects the measurement and result display E User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 91 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands Parameters lt DispType gt Example Manual operation Selecting and Configuring Measurements String containing the short form of the result display EVM EVCA EVM vs carrier result display EVM EVRP EVM vs RB EVM EVSY EVM vs symbol result display EVM FEVS frequency error vs symbol result display EVM EVSU EVM vs subframe result display PVT CBUF capture buffer result display PVT OOP on off power result display SPEC SEM spectrum emission mask SPEC ACP ACLR SPEC PSPE power spectrum result display SPEC PVRP power vs RB PDSCH result display SPEC PVRR power vs RB RS result display SPEC FLAT spectrum flatness result display SPEC GDEL group delay result display SPEC FDIF flatness difference result display CONS CONS constellation diagram STAT BSTR bitstream STAT ASUM allocation summary STAT CCDF CCDF CALC2 FEED PVT CBUF Select Captur
33. and Q values have no unit The number of return values depends on the constellation selection By default it returns all resource elements including the DC carrier The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 Returns all constellation points included in the selection 8 6 1 10 EVM vs Carrier For the EVM vs Carrier result display the command returns one value for each subcarrier that has been analyzed lt EVM gt The unit depends on UNIT EVM The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 Returns the average EVM over all subframes e TRACE2 Returns the minimum EVM found over all subframes If you are analyzing a particular subframe it returns nothing e TRACE3 Returns the maximum EVM found over all subframes If you are analyzing a particular subframe it returns nothing User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 110 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands Remote Commands to Read Trace Data 8 6 1 11 EVM vs Symbol For the EVM vs Symbol result display the command returns one value for each OFDM symbol that has been analyzed lt EVM gt For measurements on a single subframe the command returns the symbols of that sub frame only The unit depends on UNIT EVM The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 8 6 1 12 EVM vs Subframe For the EVM vs Subframe result display the command returns one value for each sub frame that has been analyzed lt EVM gt The uni
34. default the R amp S FSV displays all constellation points of the data that have been eval uated However you can filter the results by several aspects Evaluation Filter Modulation Allocation ALL Symbol ALL Carrier ALL Location Before MIMO Decoder antenna Evaluation Filter Modulation Allocation ALL Symbol Carrier Location After MIMO Decoder e Modulation Filters the results to include only the selected type of modulation e Allocation User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 80 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Analyzing Measurement Results Scaling the Y Axis Filters the results to include only a particular type of allocation e Symbol Filters the results to include only a particular OFDM symbol e Carrier Filters the results to include only a particular subcarrier e Location Note that the PHICH is CDMA encoded Thus the constellation points for the PHICH are either created before or after CDMA encoding If you have selected After MIMO CDMA Decoder filtering by Symbol and Car rier is not available The result display is updated as soon as you make the changes Note that the constellation selection is applied to all windows in split screen mode if the windows contain constellation diagrams Remote command Location CONFigure LTE DL CONS LOCation on page 144 6 5 Scaling the Y Axis In the Y Axis tab of the Measurement Settings dialog box you can set various param eters that affect some r
35. ea Me cada e nates aaa aA te haad dnren iua 129 INPut lt n gt DIQ SRATe lt SampleRate gt This command defines the sampling rate for a digital UO signal source Parameters lt SampleRate gt RST 10 MHz Default unit Hz Example INP DIQ SRAT 10MHZ Defines a sampling rate of 10 MHz Manual operation See Sampling Rate Input Data Rate on page 61 INPut lt n gt DIQ RANGe UPPer lt ScaleLevel gt This command defines the full scale level for a digital UO signal source SS User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 129 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands 8 7 4 8 7 4 1 Remote Commands to Configure the Application Parameters lt ScaleLevel gt RST 1V Default unit V Example INP DIQ RANG 0 7 Sets the full scale level to 0 7 V Manual operation See Full Scale Level on page 61 Configuring Downlink Signal Demodulation Configuring the Data Analysis GENSGILTEIDL DEMod AUTO 130 SENSeIEETEEDEEDENMIod BES TIRmallQfi 2 a Seer er ote te ere need e osea ccce ee euet 130 ISENS amp EETEEDE DEMed GBSGOramblihg cierre eene te aaa dett 131 ISENSeEIEETEEDIEDEMOGIGES TImallBn eiae pre Reate utn ea tante nene tox zuo 131 SENSeILTEIDL DEMod EvMCale ttt tentent tenete 131 SENSeJ L TE DL DEMod MCFilter ecce tette tentes 131 ISENSeEIEETEEDIEDEMOG PRD rrt ctore Ra PREX a eoe Ehe re e 132 GSENSGILTEIDLFORMatrbSCH tette teet tnt tenet tt tentent 132
36. eret rt ertet erbe dai eye co ta a siesta indeed 125 DISPIayEWINDOW h SELGt cetur ern Aina ertet dete ue Rete tenda re edt 151 BIS E VIRI vie EIEIMELIE E 93 DISPlay WINDow n TRACe t Y SCALe RLEVel OFFSet essere 122 DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe AUTO DISPlay WINDow TRACev GCALetixGcale OEtFGel ener 150 DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe FIXScale PERDiVv essen 151 IS Ree e dci qM X 99 EFETGH PLC CID Group reien 99 FETON PEG CIDGroup cepere o eee EE aia EE Eege 135 E et el sata eret dert tdi baise ated urba apertae 99 Gerbe 136 FETCh SUMMary CRESI AVERage ttt ttt ttt ttt 99 FETCh SUMMary EVM DSQP MAXimUm ettet ttt ttt ttti 100 FETCH SUMMang VM DSOp MiNimum ttt ttt ttt nran 100 FETCh SUMMary EVM DSQPT AVERage ttti 100 FETCh SUMMary EVM DSSF MAXimum 101 FETCH SUMMang VM DSSEMiNmum ttt ttti 101 FETCH SUMMan VM DSSEtAVERagef ttt ttt ttti 101 FETCH SUMMang VM DSSTMANimum ttt ttt ttt sctas 100 FETCH SUMMan VM DSSTMiNimum ttt ttt ttti 100 FETCH SUMMan VM DSSTEAVERagef ttt ttt ttti 100 FETCh SUMMary EVM PCHannel MAXimum 101 FETCH SUMMarg EVM PCHannelMiNimum ttt ttti 101 FETCH SUMMarg EVM PCHanneltAuvERagef ttt tttttettttenntcte 101 FETCH SUMMarg EVM P lGnal M ximum ttt ttti 101 FETCH SUMMarg EVM P lGnat MiNimum ttt ttt ttti 101 FETCh SUMMary EV
37. for every Off period 1 Limit check has passed 0 Limit check has failed User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 117 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands Example Usage Manual operation Remote Commands to Read Trace Data CALC LIM O0OP TRAN RIS Queries the limit check of rising transients Query only See On Off Power on page 32 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion POWer RESult CURRent This command queries the current results of the ACLR measurement or the total signal power level of the SEM measurement To get a valid result you have to perform a complete measurement with synchronization to the end of the measurement before reading out the result This is only possible for single sweeps Suffix lt m gt Query parameters CPOW Return values lt Result gt Example Usage Manual operation This parameter queries the signal power of the SEM measure ment SEMResults Power level in dBm ACLRResults Relative power levels of the ACLR channels The number of return values depends on the number of transmission and adjacent channels The order of return values is lt TXChannelPower gt is the power of the transmission channel in dBm e lt LowerAdjChannelPower gt is the relative power of the lower adjacent channel in dB lt UpperAdjChannelPower gt is the relative power of the upper adjacent channel in dB e lt 1stLowerAltChannelPower gt is the relativ
38. if the bit stream format is Bits ur C User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 107 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands Deeg Remote Commands to Read Trace Data For symbols or bits that could not be decoded because the number of layer exceeds the number of receive antennas the command returns e FE if the bit stream format is Symbols e 8 if the bit stream format is Bits Note that the data format of the return values is always ASCII Example Bit Stream Subs 2a oration cede Modulation Symbol Bit Stream frame ID word Index PBCH 1 1 0 2 03 00 01 O2 O1 O2 O1 OO 03 PBCH 1 1 16 SCH TRAC DATA TRACE1 would return 0 12 0 2 0 01 O1 00 02 03 00 O1 02 O1 02 O1 lt continues like this until the next data block starts or the end of data is reached 0 12 0 2 32 03 02 03 03 03 03 01 03 00 03 8 6 1 4 Capture Buffer For the Capture Buffer result display the command returns one value for each UO sample in the capture buffer absolute power The unit is always dBm The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 8 6 1 5 CCDF For the CCDF result display the type of return values depends on the parameter e TRACE1 Returns the probability values y axis f of values probability The unit is always 96 The first value that is returned is the number of the following values e TRACE2 Returns the corresponding power levels x axis lt of va
39. is either QPSK 16QAM or 64QAM e VRB Gap Turns the utilization of virtual resource blocks VRB on and off The standard defines two types of VRBs Localized VRBs and distributed VRBs While localized VRBs have a direct mapping to the PRBs distributed VRBs result in a better frequency diversity Three values of VRB gap are allowed 0 Localized VRBs are used 1 Distributed VRBs are used and the first gap is applied 2 Distributed VRBs are used and the second gap is applied for channel band widths gt 50 resource blocks The second gap has a smaller size compared to the first gap If on the VRB Gap determines the distribution and mapping of the VRB pairs to the physical resource blocks PRB pairs MTN User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 69 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement REESEN Configuring Downlink Frames The distribution of the VRBs is performed in a way that consecutive VRBs are spread over the frequencies and are not mapped to PRBs whose frequencies are next to each other Each VRB pair is split into two parts which results in a frequency gap between the two VRB parts This method corresponds to frequency hopping on a slot basis The information whether localized or distributed VRBs are applied is carried in the PDCCH The DCI formats 1A 1B and 1D provide a special 1 bit flag for this purpose Localized Distributed VRB Assignment Another bit in the DCI formats cont
40. lt CaptLength gt This command sets the capture time Parameters lt CaptLength gt Numeric value in seconds Default unit s Example SWE TIME 40 Defines a capture time of 40 seconds Manual operation See Capture Time on page 53 Configuring On Off Power Measurements COlNFigureEETEFOOPoOwWwerNFPRAIeS c currat dans ntn nen enn EENS 125 SENSeILETEEOOPOWerNOOREFOGIIGE EE 125 CONFigure L TE OOPower NFRames Frames This command defines the number of frames that are analyzed for On Off Power meas urements Parameters Frames numeric value Example CONF OOP NFR 10 Defines 10 frames to be analyzed Manual operation See Number of Frames on page 54 SENSe L TE OOPower NCORrection lt NoiseCorrection gt This command turns noise correction for On Off Power measurements on and off E User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 125 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands Remote Commands to Configure the Application Parameters lt NoiseCorrection gt ON OFF Manual operation See Noise Correction on page 54 8 7 1 5 Triggering Measurements TRlGoert GtEOuencelHOL Doft anayzerz nennen nennen nnns 126 TRIGger SEQuence IFPowerHOLDIEDAOft ien rco ve ENEE a A Eo arre naa 126 TRlGoert GtOuencelltbower HvGTeresls nennen nnns 126 TRIGger SEQuence LEVel analyzer POWer esses ener nnns 127 KEIER TEE 127 TRIGger SEQuence HOLDoff lt analyzer gt
41. on For more information on setting up the measurement see chapter 3 5 Performing Transmit On Off Power Measurements on page 25 The result display for the On Off Power measurement consists of numerical results and the graphic display of the signal characteristics Numerical results The upper part of the result display shows the results in numerical form Each line of the table shows the characteristics of one off period A SEET stop O Time at A O tr OFF Power Falling Trans Period Limit eriod to Limit Ahs c A to Limit Period e Start OFF Period Limit Shows the beginning of the off period relative to the frame start 0 seconds e Stop OFF Period Limit Shows the end of the off period relative to the frame start 0 seconds The time from the start to the stop of the off period is the period over which the limits are checked It corresponds to the yellow trace in the graphic result display e Time at Ato Limit Shows the trace point at which the lowest distance between trace and limit line has been detected The result is a time relative to the frame start e OFF Power Abs dBm Shows the absolute power of the signal at the trace point with the lowest distance to the limit line e OFF Power A to Limit Shows the distance between the trace and the limit line of the trace point with the lowest distance to the limit line in dB e Falling Transition Period Shows the length of the falling transient e Rising Transition P
42. overall limit check results REL Queries the channel power limit check results ABS Queries the distance to the limit line T User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 116 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands Return values lt LimitCheck gt Example Usage Remote Commands to Read Trace Data Returns two values one for the upper and one for the lower alter nate channel 1 Limit check has passed 0 Limit check has failed CALC LIM ACP ALT RES ALL Queries the results of the alternate channel limit check Query only CALCulate n LIMit k OOPower OFFPower This command queries the results of the limit check in the Off periods of On Off Power measurements Return values lt OOPResults gt Example Usage Manual operation Returns one value for every Off period 1 Limit check has passed 0 Limit check has failed CALC LIM 0OP OFFP Queries the results for the limit check during the signal Off periods Query only See On Off Power on page 32 CALCulate n LIMit k OOPower TRANsient This command queries the results of the limit check during the transient periods of the On Off power measurement Query parameters Result Return values lt OOPResults gt ALL Queries the overall limit check results FALLing Queries the limit check results of falling transients RISing Queries the limit check results of rising transients Returns one value
43. power modulation absolute power lt EVM gt The unit for absolute power is always dBm The unit for relative power is always dB The unit for amp vM depends on UNIT EVM All other values have no unit The allocation ID and modulation are encoded For the code assignment see chapter 8 6 1 19 Return Value Codes on page 113 Note that the data format of the return values is always ASCII Example Allocation Summary Selection Antenna 1 Sub frame 8 6 1 3 Humber Rel Power per of RB Power dB Moguration RE dBm 0 000 45 546 0 007 TRAC DATA TRACE1 would return 0 5 0 0 0000000000000 2 45 5463829153428 7 33728660354122E 05 0 3 0 0 0073997452251 6 42 5581007463452 2 54197349219455E 05 0 4 0 0 0052647197362 1 42 5464220485716 2 51485275782241E 05 Bit Stream For the Bit Stream result display the command returns five values and the bitstream for each line of the table subframe allocation ID codeword modulation 4 of symbols bits hexadecimal binary numbers All values have no unit The format of the bitstream depends on Bit Stream Format The allocation ID lt codeword gt and modulation are encoded For the code assignment see chapter 8 6 1 19 Return Value Codes on page 113 For symbols or bits that are not transmitted the command retums e FF if the bit stream format is Symbols e 9
44. results should be compensated for common phase error When phase compensation is used the measurement results will be com pensated for phase error on a per symbol basis Off Phase tracking is not applied Pilot Only Only the reference signal is used for the estimation of the phase error Pilot and Pay Both reference signal and payload resource elements are used for the load estimation of the phase error Remote command SENSe LTE DL TRACking PHASe on page 133 Timing Specifies whether or not the measurement results should be compensated for timing error When timing compensation is used the measurement results will be compensated for timing error on a per symbol basis Remote command SENSe LTE DL TRACking TIME on page 133 5 6 3 Configuring MIMO Setups The MIMO settings contain settings that configure MIMO measurement setups The MIMO settings are part of the Downlink Demod tab of the Demodulation Set tings dialog box DL Demod DL Frame Config DL Adv Sig Config MIMO Compensate Crosstalk Wee TE 65 Compensate Crosstalk Specifies if crosstalk produced by the device under test or over the air measurements will be compensated or not The crosstalk compensation must be activated for Time Alignment Error measure ments For more information see chapter 3 4 Performing Time Alignment Measure ments on page 23 Remote command CONFigure LTE DL MIMO CROSstalk on page 133
45. shows all relevant measurement results in numerical form com bined in one table r Press the Display List Graph softkey so that the List element turns blue to view the Result Summary SCPI command DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TABLe on page 93 Contents of the result summary User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 28 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays Numerical Results Res Frame Result 1 1 Mean Subframe s ALL Selection Antenna 1 Frame Result 1 1 Hz ppm dB dB dBm dBm dBm Crest Factor dB The table is split in two parts The first part shows results that refer to the complete frame For each result the minimum mean and maximum values are displayed It also indicates limit check results where available The font of Pass results is green and that of Fail results is red In addition to the red font the application also puts a red star MM in front of failed results e EVM PDSCH QPSK Shows the EVM for all QPSK modulated resource elements of the PDSCH channel in the analyzed frame FETCh SUMMary EVM DSQP AVERage on page 100 e EVM PDSCH 16QAM Shows the EVM for all 16QAM modulated resource elements of the PDSCH channel in the analyzed frame FETCh SUMMary EVM DSST AVERage on page 100 e EVM PDSCH 64QAM Shows the EVM for all 64QAM modulated resource elements of the PDSCH channel in the analyzed frame FETCh SUMMary EVM DSSF AVERage on page 101 e Time Ali
46. whose EVM is too high The results are based on an average EVM that is calculated over the resource elements for each subcarrier This average subcarrier EVM is determined for each analyzed sub frame in the capture buffer If you analyze all subframes the result display contains three traces e Average EVM This trace shows the subcarrier EVM averaged over all subframes e Minimum EVM This trace shows the lowest average subcarrier EVM that has been found over the analyzed subframes e Maximum EVM This trace shows the highest average subcarrier EVM that has been found over the analyzed subframes If you select and analyze one subframe only the result display contains one trace that shows the subcarrier EVM for that subframe only Average minimum and maximum val ues in that case are the same For more information see Subframe Selection on page 78 The x axis represents the center frequencies of the subcarriers On the y axis the EVM is plotted either in or in dB depending on the EVM Unit B EVM vs Carrier 1 54 MHzidiv Remote command CALCulate lt n gt FEED EVM EVCA TRACe DATA EE User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 35 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays Ech Measuring the Error Vector Magnitude EVM EVM vs Symbol Starts the EVM vs Symbol result display This result display shows the Error Vector Magnitude EVM of the OFDM symbols You can use it as a debugging techniqu
47. x axis represents the frequency On the y axis the group delay is plotted in ns B Group Delay ns Gi S F N 7 68 MHz 1 54 MHzidiv Remote command CALCulate lt n gt FEED SPEC GDEL TRACe DATA Channel Flatness Difference Starts the Channel Flatness Difference result display This result display shows the level difference in the spectrum flatness result between two adjacent physical subcarriers The currently selected subframe depends on your selection The x axis represents the frequency On the y axis the power is plotted in dB B Flatness Difference dB 1 54 MHzidiv Remote command CALCulate lt n gt FEED SPEC FDIF TRACe DATA Measuring the Symbol Constellation This chapter contains information on all measurements that show the constellation of a signal Constellation Dia aiena D e dE Eee breite ae beret etre ee SE 45 User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 44 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays Measuring Statistics Constellation Diagram Starts the Constellation Diagram result display This result display shows the inphase and quadrature phase results and is an indicator of the quality of the modulation of the signal In the default state the result display evaluates the full range of the measured input data You can filter the results in the Constellation Selection dialog box The ideal points for the selected modulation scheme are displayed for refer
48. 0 MHz Normal CP Sync State OK Capture Time 20 1 ms C Gen TRG FREE RUN 10 12 2009 14 50 27 1 Channel Bar contains all currently active measurement applications 2 Table Header shows basic measurement information e g the frequency 3 Result Display Header shows information about the trace 4 Result Display Screen A shows the measurement results 5 Result Display Screen B shows the measurement results 6 Status Bar shows the measurement progress software messages and errors 7 Softkeys open settings dialogs and select result displays The status bar The status bar is located at the bottom of the display It shows the current measurement status and its progress in a running measurement The status bar also shows warning and error messages Error messages are generally highlighted Display of measurement settings The header table above the result displays shows information on hardware and mea surement settings 1 GHz Meas Setup TXx1RX Ext Att D dB DL FDD 50 RB 10 MHz Normal CP Sync State OK Capture Time 20 1 ms TRG FREE RUN The header table includes the following information User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 17 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Welcome Support e Freq The analyzer RF frequency e Mode Link direction duplexing cyclic prefix and maximum number of physical resource blocks PRBs signal bandwidth e Meas Setup Shows number of transmitting and rece
49. 0x LTE Downlink Remote Commands REENEN Introduction 8 2 5 Alternative Keywords A vertical stroke indicates alternatives for a specific keyword You can use both keywords to the same effect Example SENSe BANDwidth BWIDth RESolution In the short form without optional Keywords BAND 1MHZ would have the same effect as BWID 1MHZ 8 2 6 SCPI Parameters Many commands feature one or more parameters If a command supports more than one parameter these are separated by a comma Example LAYout ADD WINDow Spectrum LEFT MTABle Parameters may have different forms of values e Numene Values TEE 89 EE 90 e Gharactor EE 90 Ee Te gee 11 10 m 91 e Block DANA e tee eo de cu n Pus teca due ade t gu Adv dees 91 8 2 6 4 Numeric Values Numeric values can be entered in any form i e with sign decimal point or exponent In case of physical quantities you can also add the unit If the unit is missing the command uses the basic unit Example with unit SENSe FREQuency CENTer 1GHZ without unit SENSe FREQuency CENTer 159 would also set a frequency of 1 GHz Values exceeding the resolution of the instrument are rounded up or down If the number you have entered is not supported e g in case of discrete steps the command returns an error Instead of a number you can also set numeric values with a text parameter in special cases e MIN MAX Defines the minimum or maxim
50. 1 Returns one value for each trace point lt absolute power gt The unit is always dBm e LIST Returns the contents of the SEM table For every frequency in the spectrum emission mask it returns 11 values lt index gt lt start frequency in Hz gt lt stop frequency in Hz gt lt RBW in Hz gt lt limit fail frequency in Hz gt lt absolute power in dBm gt lt relative power in dBc gt lt limit distance in dB gt lt limit check result gt lt reserved gt lt reserved gt The limit check result is either a 0 for PASS or a 1 for FAIL 8 6 1 19 Return Value Codes This chapter contains a list for encoded return values lt ACK NACK gt The range is 1 1 e 1 ACK e 0 NACK e 1 DTX allocation ID Represents the allocation ID The range is 13 65535 e 0 65535 PDSCH e 1 Invalid e 2 All e 3 P SYNC e 4 S SYNC e 5 PILOTS ANT1 e 6 PILOTS ANT2 User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 113 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands ee es SSS SSS SS SSS ee Remote Commands to Read Trace Data e 7 PILOTS ANT3 e 8 PILOTS ANTA e 9 PCFICH e 10 PHICH e 11 PDCCH e 12 PBCH e 13 PMCH lt channel type gt e 0 TX channel e 1 adjacent channel e 2 alternate channel lt codeword gt Represents the codeword of an allocation The range is 0 2 e 0 1 1 e 1 1 2 e 2 2 2 lt DCI format gt Represents the DCi format The value is a number in the range
51. 1176 7661 02 01 11 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Introduction 1 2 3 1 2 4 Long Term Evolution Downlink Transmission Scheme of Toni us contains smo 3 symbols subcarrier spacing 7 5 kHz table 1 1 gives an overview of the different parameters for the generic frame structure Table 1 1 Parameters for Downlink Generic Frame Structure Configuration Number of Symbols Cyclic Prefix Cyclic Prefix ech Length in Samples Length in us Normal cyclic prefix Af215 kHz 7 160 for first symbol 5 2 us for first sym 144 for other sym bol bols 4 7 us for other sym bols o 512 Extended cyclic prefix Af 15 kHz 16 7 us Ri Extended cyclic prefix Af 7 5 kHz 1024 33 3 us Downlink Data Transmission Data is allocated to the UEs in terms of resource blocks A physical resource block con sists of 12 24 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain for the Af 15 kHz Af 7 5 kHz case In the time domain a physical resource block consists of DL Nsymb consecutive OFDM symbols see figure 1 5 sms is equal to the number of OFDM symbols in a slot The resource block size is the same for all bandwidths therefore the number of available physical resource blocks depends on the bandwidth Depending on the required data rate each UE can be assigned one or more resource blocks in each transmission time interval of 1 ms The scheduling decision is done in the base station eNodeB The user data is c
52. 2 Long Term Evolution Downlink Transmission Scheme 1 2 1 OFDMA The downlink transmission scheme for EUTRA FDD and TDD modes is based on con ventional OFDM In an OFDM system the available spectrum is divided into multiple carriers called sub carriers which are orthogonal to each other Each of these subcarriers is independently modulated by a low rate data stream OFDM is used as well in WLAN WiMAX and broadcast technologies like DVB OFDM has several benefits including its robustness against multipath fading and its efficient receiver architecture figure 1 1 shows a representation of an OFDM signal taken from 3GPP TR 25 892 2 In this figure a signal with 5 MHz bandwidth is shown but the principle is of course the same for the other EUTRA bandwidths Data symbols are independently modulated and transmitted over a high number of closely spaced orthogonal subcarriers In EUTRA downlink modulation schemes QPSK 16QAM and 64QAM are available In the time domain a guard interval may be added to each symbol to combat inter OFDM symbol interference due to channel delay spread In EUTRA the guard interval is a cyclic prefix which is inserted prior to each OFDM symbol 5 MHz Bandwidth FFT Is diu Ny Frequency Time A A k A A A k A Fig 1 1 Frequency Time Representation of an OFDM Signal In practice the OFDM signal can be generated using the inverse fast Fourier transform IFFT digital signal processing The I
53. 20 Ng Noepr CF j2z Ng N ppp N T Rp A Hun 6 el s ger el s No ger Ares NQ n CPE SFO res CFO 8 1 where e the data symbol is a on subcarrier k at OFDM symbol e the channel transfer function is h e the number of Nyquist samples is N within the symbol time T e the useful symbol time T T T e the independent and Gaussian distributed noise sample is ni Within one OFDM symbol both the CPE and the residual CFO cause the same phase rotation for each subcarrier while the rotation due to the SFO depends linearly on the subcarrier index A linear phase increase in symbol direction can be observed for the residual CFO as well as for the SFO The results of the tracking estimation block are used to compensate the samples rik SS User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 21 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurement Basics a a ee The LTE Downlink Analysis Measurement Application Whereas a full compensation is performed in the reference path the signal impairments that are of interest to the user are left uncompensated in the measurement path After having decided the data symbols in the reference path an additional phase tracking can be utilized to refine the CPE estimation 3 3 2 Channel Estimation and Equalizitaion As shown in figure 3 1 there is one coarse and one fine channel estimation block The reference signal based coarse estimation is tapped behind the CFO compensation block SFO compensation can optionall
54. 3 2 3 3 3 3 4 3 5 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 5 Contents DINE OG GU E 7 Requirements for UMTS Long Term Evolution eene 7 Long Term Evolution Downlink Transmission Scheme eese 9 EIER E t 9 OFDMA Parametertzaton nennen nennen nnns 10 Downlink Data Transmtssion eene eene 12 Downlink Reference Signal Structure and Cell Gearch 12 Downlink Physical Layer Procedures emnes 14 hard mee a 14 20011 HO 16 Installing the Software essseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeene eren nnne nnne nnne nnn nnns 16 Application OvertvIQw ce nein pon A eoe n e HE nna a anena aeaaea a aSa aaa aran ERRA 16 CI I d 18 Measurement eege gege EEN 19 Symbols and Varliables erret crer retener der Le SEENEN naar nan oa un anao Du 19 SUIIMDIS cerewettee 20 The LTE Downlink Analysis Measurement Application 20 Ee Ve VE le TEE 20 Channel Estimation and Eousltzitaion renn 22 ULP dE 22 Performing Time Alignment Measurements eene nen 23 Performing Transmit On Off Power Measurements een 25 Measurements and Result Displays eeeeeeenenee 28 Nume
55. ALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt AOFF This command turns all delta markers off Suffix lt m gt 1 Example CALC DELT AOFF Turns off all delta markers Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MAXimum PEAK This command positions a marker on the peak value of the trace Suffix lt m gt 1 n Example CALC DELT2 MAX Positions delta marker 2 on the trace peak Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum PEAK This command positions a delta marker on the minimum value of the trace Suffix lt m gt 1 n Example CALC DELT2 MIN Positions delta marker 2 on the trace minimum Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt STATe State This command turns delta markers on and off Suffix m 1 Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example CALC DELT3 ON Turns on delta marker 3 SS Q User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 148 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands Ech Analyzing Measurement Results CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt TRACe Trace This command positions a delta marker on a particular trace Suffix m 1 Parameters Trace 11213 Number of the trace you want the delta marker positioned on CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt X Position This command positions a delta marker on a particular coordinate on the x axis If necessary the command first turns on the delta marker
56. Advanced Signal Characteristics PDCCH Rel Power Defines the power of the PDCCH relative to the reference signal Remote command CONFigure LTE DL PDCCh POWer on page 142 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Analyzing Measurement Results Selecting a Particular Signal Aspect 6 Analyzing Measurement Results The Measurement Settings contain settings that configure various result displays These settings are independent of the signal they adjust the display of the results You can open the dialog box with the Meas Settings softkey The corresponding dialog box is made up of three tabs By default the Selection tab is the active one e Selecting a Particular Signal Aepect AEN 78 e Defining Measurement Units ceceeeiiieceeec eiie recette nennen na 79 e Defining Various Measurement Parameters AAA 79 e Selecting the Contents of a Constellation Diagram eese 80 Scaling the REL IM 81 e Mere nnion aa ees ENSE QN EN RATE URN US 82 6 1 Selecting a Particular Signal Aspect In the Selection tab of the Measurement Settings dialog box you can select specific parts of the signal you want to analyze Subframe Selection Selects a particular subframe whose results the software displays You can select a particular subframe for the following measurements Result Summary EVM vs Carrier EVM vs Symbol Channel Flatness Channel Group Delay Channel Flatness Difference C
57. B TS ette pred ted pesti e deiner entree as a detur ves pun Bis ee rae eode paa 112 e Powervs RB PDSCE utere tne e rece e ene eek rea ede e dne Eee ER aiiai 112 e Spectrum Emission Mask nont eh m ren ne thee no haee n EEN 113 Return Value PEE 113 8 6 1 1 Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio For the ACLR result display the number and type of returns values depend on the parameter e TRACE1 Returns one value for each trace point e LIST Returns the contents of the ACLR table For each channel it returns six values lt channel type gt lt bandwidth gt lt spacing offset gt lt power of lower channel gt lt power of upper channel gt lt limit gt The unit of the bandwidth and spacing offset is Hz The unit of the power values is either dBm for the TX channel or dB for the neighboring channels _L_____S__ _ RU e e LL I User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 106 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands Deeg 8 6 1 2 Remote Commands to Read Trace Data The unit of the limit is dB The channel type is encoded For the code assignment see chapter 8 6 1 19 Return Value Codes on page 113 Note that the TX channel does nothave a spacing offset power of lower channel and limit NaN is returned instead Allocation Summary For the Allocation Summary the command returns seven values for each line of the table lt subframe gt allocation ID number of RB relative
58. DULDLAllocationConfiguration 0 RessourceBlocks 50 CP auto RefSigSubcarrierOffset Auto PSYNCBoostingdB 0 SSYNCBoostingdB 0 ReferenceSignalBoostingdB 0 PBCHSymbolOffset 7 PBCHLength 4 PCFICHIsPresent false PHICHNumGroups 0 PHICHDuration Normal PHICHBoostingdB 0 PDCCHIsPresent false PSSYNCRepetitionPeriod 10 DataSymbolOffsetSubFrame 2 MIMOConfiguration 1 Tx Antenna MIMOAntennaSelection Antenna 1 PhysLayCellIDGrp Auto PhysLayID Auto RefSignal3GPPVersion 2 N c fastforward 0 Frame Subframe lt PRBs gt lt PRB Start 0 Length 6 Boosting 0 Modulation QPSK gt lt PRBs gt lt Subframe gt lt Frame gt lt stControl PhaseTracking 1 TimingTracking 0 ChannelEstimation 1 EVMCCalculationMethod 1 EnableScrambling 1 AutoDemodulation 1 gt lt FrameDefinition gt All settings that are available in the Demod Settings dialog box are also in the frame setup file You can enter additional allocations by adding additional PRB entries in the PRBs list Note that at least one PRB must exist To load a frame setup press the File Manager softkey in the root menu of the applica tion Select the file you want to load and activate it with the Load Demod Setup button Loading an UO File The R amp S FSV is able to process I Q data that has been captured with a R amp S FSV directly as well as data stored in a file You can store UO data in various file formats in order to be able to p
59. Data Rate Peak data rates target 100 Mbps downlink and 50 Mbps uplink for 20 MHz spectrum allocation assuming two receive antennas and one transmit antenna are at the terminal e Throughput The target for downlink average user throughput per MHz is three to four times better than Release 6 The target for uplink average user throughput per MHz is two to three times better than Release 6 e Spectrum efficiency The downlink target is three to four times better than Release 6 The uplink target is two to three times better than Release 6 e Latency The one way transit time between a packet being available at the IP layer in either the UE or radio access network and the availability of this packet at IP layer in the radio access network UE shall be less than 5 ms Also C plane latency shall be reduced e g to allow fast transition times of less than 100 ms from camped state to active state e Bandwidth Scaleable bandwidths of 5 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz and 20 MHz shall be supported Also bandwidths smaller than 5 MHz shall be supported for more flexibility e Interworking Interworking with existing UTRAN GERAN systems and non 3GPP systems shall be ensured Multimode terminals shall support handover to and from UTRAN and GERAN as well as inter RAT measurements Interruption time for hand over between EUTRAN and UTRAN GERAN shall be less than 300 ms for realtime Services and less than 500 ms for non realtime services e Multimedia broadcas
60. E Downlink Remote Commands M ss ad Remote Commands to Read Numeric Results Manual operation See Result Summary on page 28 FETCh SUMMary QUADerror MAXimum FETCh SUMMary QUADerror MINimum FETCh SUMMary QUADerror AVERage This command queries the quadrature error Return values lt QuadError gt lt numeric value gt Minimum maximum or average quadrature error depending on the last command syntax element Default unit deg Example FETC SUMM QUAD Returns the current mean quadrature error in degrees Usage Query only Manual operation See Result Summary on page 28 FETCh SUMMary RSTP MAXimum FETCh SUMMary RSTP MINimum FETCh SUMMary RSTP AVERage This command queries the RSTP as shown in the result summary Return values lt RSTP gt RSTP in dBm Example FETC SUMM RSTP Queries the RSTP Usage Query only Manual operation See Result Summary on page 28 FETCh SUMMary SERRor MAXimum FETCh SUMMary SERRor MINimum FETCh SUMMary SERRor AVERage This command queries the sampling error Return values lt SamplingError gt lt numeric value gt Minimum maximum or average sampling error depending on the last command syntax element Default unit ppm Example FETC SUMM SERR Returns the current mean sampling error in ppm Usage Query only L User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 104 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands Deeg 8 6 8 6 1 Remote Com
61. EEUU RA I ECT RU S LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLUILUUIIIIXJ User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 105 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands Remote Commands to Read Trace Data Note also that return values for results that are available for both downlink and uplink may be different For several result displays the command also supports various SCPI parameters in combination with the query If available each SCPI parameter returns a different aspect of the results If SCPI parameters are supported you have to quote one in the query Example TRAC2 DATA TRACE1 The format of the return values is either in ASCII or binary characters and depends on the format you have set with FORMat DATA Following this detailed description you will find a short summary of the most important functions of the command TRACe DATA e Adjacent Channel Leakage Hanoi 106 Allocation SUMMARY TEE 107 e BYE SVEI ener idee e err nde esteem ee eed ERE E 107 UL olas 108 EC CU S 108 Channel FlatMeSS nece erre a eer eben re Fue ede eee ER ee FECE ERIS 109 e Channel Flatness Dtterence AAA 109 e Channel Group belay caedere etna et enar eter nente ena fene nnn fece reE 109 e Constellation RR EE 110 LEM EVM VS e EE 110 e Ke EE 111 e EVM Vs SUBITO cor roe a RE n re Eden rene ng ERR Re exa 111 e Frequency Error vs Symbol ui eiiis rac terreno rete ladies 111 ONON Ie Em 111 LSU Eel m ERE 112 e Power vs R
62. ES 93 SENSe POWer ACHannel BANDwidth CH ANnel AAA 94 SENSe POWer ACHannel SPACing CHANnel eese nennen nennen 94 SENSe POWer ACHannel TXCHannels COUNL esee eene nennen nens 94 SENSe POWerNCORFectiloh 2 ctetur eene kii ao det esae ee ELE D we epus 95 SENSE ee RE rro Dm 95 IENSel SuEenp EGATe AUTO 95 SENSe POWer ACHannel AACHannel Channel This command selects the assumed adjacent channel carrier for ACLR measurements Parameters Channel EUTRA Selects an EUTRA signal of the same bandwidth like the TX chan nel as assumed adjacent channel carrier UTRA128 Selects an UTRA signal with a bandwidth of 1 28MHz as assumed adjacent channel carrier UTRA384 Selects an UTRA signal with a bandwidth of 3 84MHz as assumed adjacent channel carrier UTRA768 Selects an UTRA signal with a bandwidth of 7 68MHz as assumed adjacent channel carrier RST EUTRA LEE User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 93 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands a i es Selecting and Configuring Measurements Example POW ACH AACH UTRA384 Selects an UTRA signal with a bandwidth of 3 84MHz as assumed adjacent channel carrier Manual operation See Assumed Adjacent Channel Carrier on page 58 SENSe POWer ACHannel BANDwidth CHANnel2 lt Bandwidth gt This command defines the channel bandwidth of the second TX channel in ACLR meas urements Before you can use the command you have to select two TX c
63. Eed 100 FETCHh SUMMarn EVMEALLTAVERageft ecce ttnten 100 FEIChSUMMarny EVMIDSOPIMUAXINWUP deoa ado ecu ra petet tto eun a dE seh See duin 100 FETCh SUMMary EVM DSQP MINImUI NEES fives cee eet rena Learn et uae 100 FETCh SUMMary EVM DSQP AVERage cesses esent nnne rennen 100 FETCESUMMay EVM DSST MAXIMUM EE 100 FETCHSUMMary EVM DSS TMINMUM Z cinn a reer ones 100 FETCh SUMMan EVMIDSSTDAVERage u iine dre etat rro i betonte ta nena 100 FE TCh SUMMarv EVM DSGE MAvimum eene nennen tn trn rt rera 101 FEICh SUMMan EVMIDSSFP MI NITIDE ege ud meer AE Messi Ae 101 FETCh SUMMary EVM DSSF AVERage center ten 101 FETCh SUMMary EVM PCHannel MAXimum cesses enne nennen ener nnns 101 FETCh SUMMany EVM POHannelMINII a cc cnn itn reo ze tene aana a daaa 101 FETCh SUMMary EVM PCHannel AVERage iiie ceieeee ce ze eene ciue 101 FETCh SUMMary EVM PSIGnal MAXimum ieeeee esee ne enean natant nn hath ann nr nna 101 FE TCh SUMMarv EVM P lGnal MiNimum nennen nnns 101 FEPFCh SUMMany EVMEPSIORBal AVERage cttcaceatcctac t e pee tnc tnet e testet ex eranb dates 101 FETGChSUNMaryFERRoOECMAXII END asia eue poo qoe e RE de nci e Eed 102 FETCh SUMMary FERRor MINimum essssssssssssese nennen nennen nnenetrn iadaaa aE 102 FEFCh SUMMany ER e 102 FETCH SUMMary GiMBalance MA Nimum senes 102 FETCh SUMMary GIMBalance MINimum s eesssssssesss
64. FFT converts a number N of complex data symbols used as frequency domain bins into the time domain signal Such an N point IFFT is illustrated in figure 1 2 where a mN n refers to the n subchannel modulated data symbol during the time period mT lt t m 1 T User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 9 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Introduction Long Term Evolution Downlink Transmission Scheme mT m 4 1 T time a mN 0 mT a mN 1 time time a mN 2 D SmO 1 Self S N 1 S4 m 4 1 T frequency Fig 1 2 OFDM useful symbol generation using an IFFT The vector s is defined as the useful OFDM symbol It is the time superposition of the N narrowband modulated subcarriers Therefore from a parallel stream of N sources of data each one independently modulated a waveform composed of N orthogonal sub carriers is obtained with each subcarrier having the shape of a frequency sinc function see figure 1 1 figure 1 3 illustrates the mapping from a serial stream of QAM symbols to N parallel streams used as frequency domain bins for the IFFT The N point time domain blocks obtained from the IFFT are then serialized to create a time domain signal Not shown in figure 1 3 is the process of cyclic prefix insertion N T symbols sec QAM j prom Useful OFDM Esch Fig 1 3 OFDM Signal Generation Chain QAM symbol rate In contrast to an OFDM transmission scheme OFDMA allows the access of mul
65. G eerte rotae eh rrt teure tran rto Fr ke poaae ko ineat aa naa Tis 125 SENSe LTE OOPower ATIMing SENSe EETE OOPower NCORTectiOn 22 eicere acta cmae ee coe doe reta ne Eon nea e RUE Du b opa le Ea s bd 2 dd RR na aco 125 ISENSe E LTETSUBErame SEL6Ct err rentrer recepere Ph te rho pena aa ee ako CeheueEe 144 IESSE User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 156 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Index A K ACER EE Key Allocation summary 5s MKR qe LE 82 Auto Detection Cell Identity seesssssssse 67 Auto PDSCH Demodulation eee 63 M B Marker ZOOM iieri end nee Deua a eet 83 Measurement EL WEE 47 e aic see Ee neve vea beet Boosting estimation esses 64 allocation summary E bitstream uu ee rena ie e rie vede rod eds C capture buffer cr eter rre CCDF S i Capture BOR EMT TT 31 channel flatness Capture Time 53 channel flatness difference e 44 CCDF AN channel flatness grdel Cell ID 67 constellation oo eeesecesessesesesecesecssesesescecevevseseseveveveeees Cell Identity Group B 67 EVM VS camier ertet Channel Bandwidth 50 EVM vs subframe SA Channel Estimation m 62 EVM vs symbol ettet Channel flatness EE 43 freq err vs symbol sseetetettens Channel flatness difference
66. M PSIGnal AVERage ttti 101 FETCh SUMMary EVM ALL MAXimum 100 FETCH SUMMarg EVMEALUTMiNimum ttt ttt ttt stscis 100 FETCh SUMMary EVM ALL AVERage ttt tectae 100 FETCH SUMMarg FERRorM ANimum ttt ttt ttt ttt scii 102 FETCh SUMMare FERRorMiNimum ttt ttt ttt toss nostis 102 p User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 154 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink List of Commands FETOCh SUMMarv FERRort AVERagel nennen eene nennen trennen inrer enne 102 FETCh SUMMary GIMBalance MAXimum ssssssssssssssesseeenene eene nnne nn ene rne nhrnn seat nrnsd rennen sena 102 FETCh SUMMary GlIMBalance MlINimum sees enne nenn nennen n senre enne nnns 102 FE TOCh SUMMarv GlMalancel AVERagoel nennen enne nnne nnns een rnr sinn tein 102 FETCh SUMMarv IOOFtserMANimum nennen nennen nennen rennen nne tenente nennen 103 FETCH SUMMary IOOF set dl a RE 103 FETCh SUMMary IQOFfset AVERage FETCH SUMMary OSTP MAXIMUNT P iiig airte ec ute eue pede deduc ie eec o ab oe aas 103 FETCh SUMMarv OSTP MiNimum meets trennen terne nre enne 103 FETCh SUMMarv OSTPIAVERaoel nennen ener nnne nre nenne nre trennen 103 FETChH SUMMary POWer MAXIimdlm etae ttt ore teni enter agere doeet att Fo Pese ergab EGS 103 FETCh SUMMarv POMWer MiNi
67. Marker The MKR key opens the corresponding submenu You can activate up to four markers with the Marker lt x gt softkeys The first marker is always a normal marker Markers 2 to 4 are delta marker by default The reference marker for the delta marker is marker 1 You can turn all delta markers into normal markers with the Marker Norm Delta softkey After pressing the Marker lt x gt softkey you can set the position of the marker in several ways e Enter a frequency value in the marker input field e Move the marker with the rotary knob e Position the marker to the trace minimum or trace maximum with the Marker Max or Marker Min softkeys The current marker frequency and the corresponding level is displayed in the upper right corner of the trace display The Marker lt x gt softkey have three possible states e fthe Marker lt x gt softkey is black the marker is off Marker 1 e After pressing the Marker lt x gt softkey it turns orange to indicate an open dialog box and the the marker is active The dialog box to specify the marker position on the frequency axis opens Marker 1 User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 82 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Analyzing Measurement Results Using Markers Marker Frequency e After closing the dialog box the Marker lt x gt softkey turns blue The marker stays active Marker 1 Pressing the Marker lt x gt softkey again deactivates the m
68. ONFigu ref LTE DIE BW E ee Edge deed ernie CONFigure ETEEDE GONS LOGCatiOn rece oii Eater eeta rt cont ao Eege dg G lle Hie RER NR e TEE CONFiourelL TED CvCbrefts AAA CONFigure LTE DL MIMO ASELection CONFig re ETEEDE MIMQ CONE iQ s icd pha atai aniei Egeter nines CONFigure ETETEDE MIMO CROSStalk 2 iriran te ee rhe e tb debo Kee acude dope dye dae Re Dad ee CONFigure ETETDENORB iter re tede tate eai a egere tede ed Dv eode ny c RR a CONFigure L TE DL PBCH POWer esses re nnetrenre nnne tren ene tinere trennen nnne nnns GONFigure ETETEDLE PBGEESTAT irit ere deae rue eec D iia VERDE e eh EE ERE CONFigure LTE DL PCFich POWer CONFigure LTE DE PCFICH S TAT EE CONFigure L TED PDGCh FORMat essent rennen enne nnne CONFig re ETEEDE PDCOGCH NOPD 4 notiert rc eta Ri Mite aede eat Aedes Bee hs tees CONFigure ETEEDEIPDOCh POWSrE redet uci ees haere esebe tae p dept adesto teta deed dd CONFigure ETETDE PHICh DURatiOt ipit cr etate ea rere te ti tsi ei iin rae to dade CONFigure LTE DL PHICh MITM CONFigure LTE DL PHICH NGParametel ccceccecsccssecssctesccessssevscetsccevoseessercaseesestcnseesessesecsereaccasecteacenseseas 143 CONFigure L TE DL PHICh NOGROUDs esses ennemi n nhe ennneet enr sener rn rer rt rns eet eren tense nnns 143 CONFigure ETETDIE PHIChIPOWOFE itinera cette e cie gc ee tpe vidue ied ch eei dat 143 CONFig re LTEEDIEPEC El E EE 135 C
69. ONFigure ETEEDE PEG GIDGFEOUp iiic picca teet tttm SEH 135 IESSE User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 153 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink List of Commands CONFigure ETEEDIEPECO PID E 135 CONFig re ETETFDLE PSOEFfselt 2 1 dre D e ede eer DEC RE Ree ts ende 138 CONFigure TEE DESREFSig P OWer 5 2 2 errare tenor reete ra Eat En RID eat rane Erbe na Pere Ra RR ERR EX Ea 139 CONFigure LTE DL SUBFramessubframe AL Counmt nennen nnne nnne nennen 136 CONFigure L TE DL SUBFrame ssubframe ALLoc allocation2 POWer seen 137 CONFiourell TED SGUBtrame subtframez AL Loc alocationz RCoumt 137 CONFiourel LTE D GUBFrame subtramez Al Loc allocattonzR OFrset cc ee eeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeees 138 CONFigure LTE DL SUBFrame ssubframe ALLoc allocation2 CW Cwnum MODuUlation 137 CONFigure ETEEFDESYNC AN Teriria oue oen tree terr rte SE repehner eterne ente rb E eae nu dd 139 CONFigure LT EI DESY NG PROW CF sirsenis ninure tue ipee eet nee pe peek tt ne pecus ter runt ebe d 139 CONFigure ETEEDE SYNG SPOWAOE n tse eset ortae eg repa hte I Ue re eroe e EE ae anes 140 CONFigure TEE DEZTDB SPSG erret ine retain treo aaa iaa er nte nada 134 CONFigure ETETDESTDD U DO 2 3 2 2 trt rettet p tenete pesa br etra aeta epo pe ape ee eade be pepe deed 134 CONFigure LTE DUPLexing CONFigure LTE LDIRection CONFigure ETEFOOPOowWerENERGmmes in
70. Power Measurements cccccceccceceecceeeeeeeeeeeeteess 25 3 1 Symbols and Variables The following chapters use various symbols and variables in the equations that the measurements are based on The table below explains these symbols for a better under standing of the measurement principles EE data symbol actual decided Dix boosting factor Af Af ENEN carrier frequency offset between transmitter and receiver actual coarse estimate Afres residual carrier frequency offset 4 relative sampling frequency offset Hix H ik channel transfer function actual estimate i time index Tooarse gt Hine timing estimate coarse fine k subcarrier index l OFDM symbol index Neer length of FFT Ng number of samples in cyclic prefix guard interval Ns number of Nyquist samples Noe number of resource elements n subchannel index subframe index Nik noise sample Q common phase error r i received sample in the time domain Fio Fiko Pk received sample uncompensated partially compen sated equalized in the frequency domain E User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 19 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurement Basics Eh 3 2 3 3 3 3 1 Overview T useful symbol time Ty guard time T symbol time Overview The digital signal processing DSP involves several stages until the software can present results like the EVM Data C
71. R amp S9FSV K10x LTE Downlink LTE Downlink Measurement Application User Manual SL Jing eRe Snstellation Diagram q Points E 1176 7661 02 01 ROHDE amp SCHWARZ Test amp Measurement User Manual This manual describes the following firmware applications e R amp S FSV K100 EUTRA LTE FDD Downlink Measurement Application 1308 9006 02 e R amp S FSV K102 EUTRA TUTE MIMO Downlink Measurement Application 1309 9000 02 e R amp SGFSV K104 EUTRA LTE TDD Downlink Measurement Application 1309 9422 02 This manual describes the following R amp S9FSV models with firmware version 2 0 and higher e R amp S9FSV 4 1321 3008K04 e R amp S9FSV 7 1321 3008K07 e R amp S FSV 13 1321 3008K13 e R amp S FSV 30 1321 3008K30 e R amp S FSV 40 1321 3008K39 e R amp S9FSV 40 1321 3008K40 2013 Rohde amp Schwarz GmbH amp Co KG M hldorfstr 15 81671 M nchen Germany Phone 49 89 41 29 0 Fax 49 89 41 29 12 164 E mail info rohde schwarz com Internet www rohde schwarz com Subject to change Data without tolerance limits is not binding R amp S is a registered trademark of Rohde amp Schwarz GmbH amp Co KG Trade names are trademarks of the owners The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual R amp S9FSV is abbreviated as R amp S FSV R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Contents 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 1 2 4 1 2 5 1 3 2 1 2 2 2 3 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 3 1 3
72. Remote Commands to Read Numeric Results Return values lt EVM gt lt numeric value gt EVM in or dB depending on the unit you have set Example FETC SUMM EVM DSST Returns the PDSCH 16QAM EVM Usage Query only Manual operation See Result Summary on page 28 FETCh SUMMary EVM DSSF MAXimum FETCh SUMMary EVM DSSF MINimum FETCh SUMMary EVM DSSF AVERage This command queries the EVM of all resource elements of the PDSCH with a 6G4QAM modulation Return values lt EVM gt lt numeric value gt EVM in or dB depending on the unit you have set Example FETC SUMM EVM DSSF Returns the PDSCH 64QAM EVM Usage Query only Manual operation See Result Summary on page 28 FETCh SUMMary EVM PCHannel MAXimum FETCh SUMMary EVM PCHannel MINimum FETCh SUMMary EVM PCHannel AVERage This command queries the EVM of all physical channel resource elements Return values lt EVM gt lt numeric value gt Minimum maximum or average EVM depending on the last com mand syntax element The unit is or dB depending on your selection Example FETC SUMM EVM PCH Returns the mean value Usage Query only Manual operation See Result Summary on page 28 FETCh SUMMary EVM PSIGnal MAXimum FETCh SUMMary EVM PSIGnal MINimum FETCh SUMMary EVM PSIGnal AVERage This command queries the EVM of all physical signal resource elements E
73. SENSe L TE DL DEMod AUTO State This command turns automatic demodulation for downlink signals on and off Parameters State ON OFF RST ON Example DL DEM AUTO ON Activates the auto demodulation for DL Manual operation See Auto PDSCH Demodulation on page 63 SENSe LTE DL DEMod BESTimation lt State gt This command turns boosting estimation for downlink signals on and off Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST ON Example DL DEM BEST ON Turns boosting estimation on Manual operation See Boosting Estimation on page 64 User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 130 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands REESEN Remote Commands to Configure the Application SENSe LTE DL DEMod CBSCrambling State This command turns scrambling of coded bits for downlink signals on and off Parameters State ON OFF RST ON Example DL DEM CBSC ON Activate scrambling of coded bits Manual operation See Scrambling of Coded Bits on page 62 SENSe LTE DL DEMod CESTimation Type This command selects the channel estimation type for downlink signals Parameters Type TGPP 3GPP EVM definition PIL Optimal pilot only PILP Optimal pilot and payload RST TGPP Example DL DEM CEST TGPP Use 3GPP EVM definition for channel estimation Manual operation See Channel Estimation on page 62 SENSe LTE DL DEMod EVMCalc Calculation This comman
74. STATe eese ener nnne 123 SENSe POWer AUTO analyzer TIME sssesssssssssseseee eene nennen nnns rentrer nh nnne nnns 124 CONFigure POWer EXPected IQ analyzer lt RefLevel gt This command defines the reference level when the input source is baseband Parameters lt RefLevel gt lt numeric value gt Range 31 6 mV to 5 62 V RST 1V Default unit V Example CONF POW EXP IQ2 3 61 Sets the baseband reference level used by analyzer 2 to 3 61 V Manual operation See Defining a Reference Level on page 52 User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 124 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands REESEN Remote Commands to Configure the Application CONFigure POWer EXPected RF lt analyzer gt lt RefLevel gt This command defines the reference level when the input source is RF Parameters lt RefLevel gt RST 30 dBm Default unit DBM Example CONF POW EXP RF3 20 Sets the radio frequency reference level used by analyzer 3 to 20 dBm Manual operation See Defining a Reference Level on page 52 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe RLEVel OFFSet lt Attenuation gt This command selects the external attenuation or gain applied to the RF signal Parameters lt Attenuation gt lt numeric value gt RST 0 Default unit dB Example DISP TRAC Y RLEV OFFS 10 Sets an external attenuation of 10 dB Manual operation See Attenuating the Signal on page 52 INPut
75. TATe would return 1 Character Data Character data follows the syntactic rules of keywords You can enter text using a short or a long form For more information see chapter 8 2 2 Long and Short Form on page 88 Querying text parameters When you query text parameters the system returns its short form E N User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 90 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands SSS aa s 8 2 6 4 8 2 6 5 8 3 8 3 1 Selecting and Configuring Measurements Example Setting SENSe BANDwidth RESolution TYPE NORMal Query SENSe BANDwidth RESolution TYPE would return NORM Character Strings Strings are alphanumeric characters They have to be in straight quotation marks You can use a single quotation mark or a double quotation mark Example INSTRument DELete Spectrum Block Data Block data is a format which is suitable for the transmission of large amounts of data The ASCII character introduces the data block The next number indicates how many of the following digits describe the length of the data block In the example the 4 following digits indicate the length to be 5168 bytes The data bytes follow During the transmission of these data bytes all end or other control signs are ignored until all bytes are transmitted 0 specifies a data block of indefinite length The use of the indefinite format requires a NL END message to terminate the data block
76. This command positions a marker on the peak value of the trace Suffix lt m gt 1 n Example CALC MARK2 MAX Positions marker 2 on the trace peak Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum PEAK This command positions a marker on the minimum value of the trace Suffix lt m gt 1 n Example CALC MARK MIN Positions marker 1 on the trace minimum Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt STATe State This command turns markers on and off Suffix m 1 Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example CALC MARK3 ON Turns on marker 3 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt TRACe Trace This command positions the marker on a particular trace If necessary the command turns on the marker first Suffix m 1 SS s User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 146 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands Se 8 8 2 2 Analyzing Measurement Results Parameters lt Trace gt 11213 Number of the trace you want the marker positioned on CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt X Position This command positions a marker on a particular coordinate on the x axis If necessary the command first turns on the marker Suffix m 1 Parameters Position Numeric value that defines the marker position on the x axis Default unit The unit depends on the res
77. XScale PERDiv Distance This command defines the distance between two grid lines on the y axis and thus has an effect on the scale of the y axis Note that the command only affects the result display selected with DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SELect Parameters lt Distance gt The unit depends on the result display you want to scale Example See chapter 8 8 Analyzing Measurement Results on page 144 Manual operation See Y Axis Scale on page 81 Configuring the Software CONFIGS E 151 DISPlay WINDOW Een RETTEN 151 PORMSIDBATAL EE 151 MMEMory Bee RTE e EE 152 MMEMorHEOAD H le ee DEE 152 CONFigure PRESet Initiates a preset to the default state of the software and if connected to an analyzer also presets the analyzer Example CONF PRES Presets the software Usage Event DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SELect This command selects the measurement window Example DISP WIND2 SEL Selects screen B Usage Event FORMat DATA lt Format gt This command specifies the data format for the data transmission between the LTE measurement application and the remote client Supported formats are ASCII or REAL32 Parameters lt Format gt ASCii REAL RST ASCii L User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 151 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands El Configuring the Software Example FORM REAL The software will send binary data in Real32 data format MMEMory LOAD DEModsetting Pat
78. able 2 5 2 ien ronem 17 l R Reference Level 5 sc eerie ote bana tee ede eet rade tadgt 52 Identity Physical Layer En 67 Relative power P SYNC enes 73 Input SOUrCe En 60 Relative power reference signal eee 72 icii nnne 16 Relative power S SYNC ees 73 User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 157 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Index Remote commands Basics On Syntax iiie nte eer deed Boolean values Capitalization trente Character data TE Data blocks Ile TEE 89 Optional keywords 00 000 eee ee cee eeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeees 88 Parameters e GI Une DEE SUMIXOS EE Resource BlOCKS 5 2 nnt RR 50 Result Display Constellation Selection sesssssssssss 80 Result summary netter nra 28 S Scrambling of coded bits sss 62 S reen Layout qe EE 16 Selected Subframe 00 cccccccccccceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeseees 68 Setting P S SYNC TX antenna essen 73 Settings AUO pcc 67 Auto PDSCH Demod ssssse 63 boosting estimation essen 64 Capture Time i ge Cell Identity Group rrr Channel Bandwidth i Channel Estimation eese Configurable Subframes sss 68 Configuration Table Digital Input Data Rate sese Error in Subframe sss
79. ameter can be used to set a value and it is the result of a query Parameters required only for setting are indicated as Setting parameters Parameters required only to refine a query are indicated as Query parameters Parameters that are only returned as the result of a query are indicated as Return values e Conformity Commands that are taken from the SCPI standard are indicated as SCPI con firmed All commands used by the R amp S FSV follow the SCPI syntax rules e Asynchronous commands A command which does not automatically finish executing before the next command starts executing overlapping command is indicated as an Asynchronous com mand e Reset values RST Default parameter values that are used directly after resetting the instrument RST command are indicated as RST values if available e Manual operation If the result of a remote command can also be achieved in manual operation a link to the description is inserted LEE User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 87 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands EENS Introduction 8 2 2 Long and Short Form The keywords have a long and a short form You can use either the long or the short form but no other abbreviations of the keywords The short form is emphasized in upper case letters Note however that this emphasis only serves the purpose to distinguish the short from the long form in the manual For the instrument the case does not matter Example
80. apture Synchronization E UTRA LTE downlink Channel estimation equalization measurement application Analysis The contents of this chapter are structered like the DSP The LTE Downlink Analysis Measurement Application The block diagram in figure 3 1 shows the EUTRA LTE downlink measurement applica tion from the capture buffer containing the UO data to the actual analysis block The outcome of the fully compensated reference path green are the estimates u of the transmitted data symbols au Depending on the user defined compensation the received samples du of the measurement path yellow still contain the transmitted signal impair ments of interest The analysis block reveals these impairments by comparing the refer ence and the measurement path Prior to the analysis diverse synchronization and channel estimation tasks have to be accomplished Synchronization The first of the synchronization tasks is to estimate the OFDM symbol timing which coarsely estimates both timing and carrier frequency offset The frame synchronization block determines the position of the P S Sync symbols in time and frequency by using the coarse fractional frequency offset compensated capture buffer and the timing esti mate eoarse to position the window of the FFT If no P S Sync is available in the signal the reference signal is used for synchronization The fine timing block prior to the FFT allows a timing improvement and makes sure that the EVM
81. arker You can also turn off the marker by pressing the All Marker Off softkey If you d like to see the area of the spectrum around the marker in more detail you can use the Marker Zoom function Press the Marker Zoom softkey to open a dialog box in which you can specify the zoom factor The maximum possible zoom factor depends on the result display The Unzoom softkey cancels the marker zoom Note that the zoom function is not available for all result displays If you have more than one active trace it is possible to assign the marker to a specific trace Press the Marker Trace softkey in the marker to menu and specify the trace in the corresponding dialog box SCPI commands See chapter 8 8 2 Marker and Delta Marker on page 145 User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 83 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink File Management File Manager 7 File Management 7 1 File Manager The root menu of the application includes a File Manager with limited functions for quick access to file management functionality Loading a Frame Setup The frame setup or frame description describes the complete modulation structure of the signal such as bandwidth modulation etc The frame setup is stored as an XML file XML files are very commonly used to describe hierarchical structures in an easy to read format for both humans and PC A typical frame setup file would look like this lt FrameDefinition LinkDirection downlink TD
82. arried on the physical downlink shared channel PDSCH Downlink control signaling on the physical downlink control channel PDCCH is used to convey the scheduling decisions to individual UEs The PDCCH is located in the first OFDM symbols of a slot Downlink Reference Signal Structure and Cell Search The downlink reference signal structure is important for cell search channel estimation and neighbor cell monitoring figure 1 6 shows the principle of the downlink reference signal structure for one antenna two antenna and four antenna transmission Specific predefined resource elements in the time frequency domain carry the reference signal sequence Besides first reference symbols there may be a need for second reference symbols The different colors in figure 1 6 represent the sequences transmitted from up to four transmit antennas e M e User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 12 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Introduction DREES Long Term Evolution Downlink Transmission Scheme One antenna ports Resource element k l Not used for transmission on this antenna port Two antenna ports Reference symbols on this antenna port Four antenna ports i H den nuabered dots _odd runbarad sot droir numbsmed sot odd nombanad slots SegrcamEened ah odd slots aanrand slots add nu
83. ation RBOFfset 138 CONFigure LTE DL CSUBframes lt NofSubframes gt This command selects the number of configurable subframes in the downlink signal Parameters lt NofSubframes gt Range 0 to 39 RST 1 Example CONF DL CSUB 5 Sets the number of configurable subframes to 5 Manual operation See Configuring PDSCH Allocations on page 69 CONFigure L TE DL SUBFrame ssubframe AL Count lt NofAllocations gt This command defines the number of allocations in a downlink subframe User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 136 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands SSS SS SS SS SaaS Remote Commands to Configure the Application Parameters lt NofAllocations gt lt numeric value gt RST 1 Example CONF DL SUBF2 ALC 5 Defines 5 allocations for subframe 2 Manual operation See Configuring PDSCH Allocations on page 69 CONFigure LTE DL SUBFrame lt subframe gt ALLoc lt allocation gt CW lt Cwnum gt MODulation lt Modulation gt This command selects the modulation of an allocation in a downlink subframe Suffix lt Cwnum gt 1 n Selects the codeword Parameters Modulation QPSK QPSK modulation QAM16 16QAM modulation QAM64 64QAM modulation RST QPSK Example CONF DL SUBF2 ALL5 CW2 MOD QAM64 Selects a 64QAM modulation for the second codeword of alloca tion 5 in subframe 2 Manual operation See Configuring PDSCH Allocations on page 69 CONFigure LTE
84. ave depend on the configuration of the R amp S FSV option FSx K100 PC enables testing of 3GPP LTE FDD signals on the downlink option FSx K101 PC enables testing of 3GPP LTE FDD signals on the uplink option FSx K102 PC enables testing of 3GPP LTE MIMO signals on the downlink option FSx K104 PC enables testing of 3GPP LTE TDD signals on the downlink option FSx K105 PC enables testing of 3GPP LTE TDD signals on the uplink FDD and TDD are duplexing methods e FDD mode uses different frequencies for the uplink and the downlink e TDD mode uses the same frequency for the uplink and the downlink Downlink DL and Uplink UL describe the transmission path e Downlink is the transmission path from the base station to the user equipment The physical layer mode for the downlink is always OFDMA e Uplink is the transmission path from the user equipment to the base station The physical layer mode for the uplink is always SC FDMA Remote command CONFigure LTE LDIRection on page 120 CONFigure LTE DUPLexing on page 120 Defining the Signal Frequency For measurements with an RF input source you have to match the center frequency of the analyzer to the frequency of the signal The available frequency range depends on the hardware configuration of the analyzer you are using The frequency setting is available for the RF input source Remote command Center frequency SENSe FREQuency CENTer on page 121 Chan
85. can establish a connection the user equipment must synchronize to the radio cell it is in For this purpose two synchronization signals are transmitted on the downlink These two signals are reference signals whose content is defined by the Physical Layer Identity and the Cell Identity Group The first signal is one of 3 possible Zadoff Chu sequences The sequence that is used is defined by the physical layer identity It is contained in the P SYNC The second signal is one of 168 unique sequences The sequence is defined by the cell identity group This sequence is contained in the S SYNC In addition to the synchronization information the cell ID also determines e the cyclic shifts for PCFICH PHICH and PDCCH mapping e the frequency shifts of the reference signal Remote command Cell Identity Group CONFigure LTE DL PLC CIDGroup on page 135 FETCh PLC CIDGroup on page 99 Identity CONFigure LTE DL PLC PLID On page 135 FETCh PLC PLID on page 99 Configuring PDSCH Subframes The application allows you to configure individual subframes that are used to carry the information of the PDSCH The PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel primarily carries all general user data It therefore takes up most of the space in a radio frame If you turn Auto Demodulation on the appplication automatically determines the sub frame configuration for the PDSCH In the default state automatic configuration is on DL Demo
86. cations In the default state each subframe contains one allocation Add allocations with the Used Allocations parameter The application expands the configuration table accord ingly with one row representing one allocation You can define a different number of allocations for each subframe you want to configure and configure up to 110 allocations in every subframe The configuration table contains the settings to configure the allocations e D N RNTI Selects the allocation s ID The ID corresponds to the N RNTI By default the application assigns consecutive numbers starting with O The ID or N_RNTI is the user equipment identifier for the corresponding allocation and is a number in the range from 0 to 65535 The order of the numbers is irrelevant You can combine allocations by assigning the same number more than once Com bining allocations assigns those allocations to the same user Allocations with the same N RNTI share the same modulation scheme and power settings e Code Word Shows the code word of the allocation The code word is made up out of two numbers The first number is the number of the code word in the allocation The second number is the total number of code words that the allocation includes Thus a table entry of 1 2 would mean that the row corresponds to code word 1 out of 2 code words in the allocation e Modulation Selects the modulation scheme for the corresponding allocation The modulation scheme for the PDSCH
87. ction of the Spectrum Mask e Freq at A to Limit Shows the absolute frequency whose power measurement being closest to the limit line for the corresponding frequency segment e Power Abs Shows the absolute measured power of the frequency whose power is closest to the limit The application evaluates this value for each frequency segment e Power Rel Shows the distance from the measured power to the limit line at the frequency whose power is closest to the limit The application evaluates this value for each frequency segment e Ato Limit Shows the minimal distance of the tolerance limit to the SEM trace for the corre sponding frequency segment Negative distances indicate the trace is below the tol erance limit positive distances indicate the trace is above the tolerance limit A Spectrum Emission Mask List Ref 26 2 dBm AtvVE 0 00 0 00 dB Siart Freq Rel E i 46 dBm Remote command CALCulate lt n gt FEED SPEC SEM TRACe DATA E User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 39 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays Measuring the Spectrum ACLR Starts the Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio ACLR measurement The ACLR measurement analyzes the power of one or two transmission channels and the power of the two neighboring channels adjacent channels to the left and right of the TX channels If you analyze two TX channels these have to be next to each other The distance between the two TX channels is va
88. d A DL Adv Sig Config _ PDSCH Subframe Configuration Configurable Subframes 1 Selected Subframe 0 Used Allocations 1 Error in Subframes Every LTE frame FDD and TDD contains 10 subframes Each downlink subframe con sists of one or more resource allocations The R amp S FSV shows the contents for each subframe in the configuration table In the configuration table each row corresponds to one allocation ID Code Modulation Number Offset Rho A Confl IN RNTI Word of RB RB Power dB o Loes jo o jode User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 68 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement ee ae a a a a Configuring Downlink Frames If there are any errors or conflicts between allocations in one or more subframes the application shows the number of errors and the number of the corrupt subframe in the Error in Subframes field It does not show the kind of error Before you start to work on the contents of each subframe you should define the number of subframes you want to customize with the Configurable Subframes parameter The application supports the configuration of up to 40 subframes Then you can select a particular subframe that you want to customize in the Selected Subframe field Enter the number of the subframe starting with 0 The application updates the contents of the configuration table to the selected subframe Configuring PDSCH Re EE 69 Configuring PDSCH Allo
89. d Configuring Measurements Parameters lt TXChannels gt Number of transmission channels 1 One TX channel is analyzed in ACLR measurements 2 Two TX channels are analyzed in ACLR measurements Example POW ACH TXCH COUN 2 Selects two TX channels for the ACLR measurement Manual operation See Number of TX Channels on page 59 SENSe POWer NCORrection lt State gt This command turns noise correction for ACLR measurements on and off Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example POW NCOR ON Activates noise correction Manual operation See Noise Correction on page 59 SENSe POWer SEM CATegory lt Category gt This command selects the SEM limit category as defined in 3GPP TS 36 104 Parameters lt Category gt A Category A B Category B RST A Example POW SEM CAT B Selects SEM category B Manual operation See Category on page 58 SENSe SWEep EGATe AUTO lt State gt This command turns auto gating for SEM and ACLR measurements on and off This command is available for TDD measurements in combination with an external or IF power trigger LSS EU S e 1 LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLU LLM User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 95 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands 8 4 Remote Commands to Perform Measurements Parameters lt State gt ON Evaluates the on period of the LTE signal only OFF Evaluates the complete signal Example SWE EGAT AUTO ON
90. d interchangeably In the context of the LTE study item 3GPP work first focused on the definition of require ments e g targets for data rate capacity spectrum efficiency and latency Also com mercial aspects such as costs for installing and operating the network were considered Based on these requirements technical concepts for the air interface transmission schemes and protocols were studied Notably LTE uses new multiple access schemes on the air interface orthogonal frequency division multiple access OFDMA in downlink and single carrier frequency division multiple access SC FDMA in uplink Furthermore MIMO antenna schemes form an essential part of LTE In an attempt to simplify protocol architecture LTE brings some major changes to the existing UMTS protocol concepts Impact on the overall network architecture including the core network is being investiga ted in the context of 3GPP system architecture evolution SAE e Requirements for UMTS Long Term Evolutton 7 e Long Term Evolution Downlink Transmission Gcheme AAA 9 ib cic c E 14 Requirements for UMTS Long Term Evolution LTE is focusing on optimum support of packet switched PS services Main requirements for the design of an LTE system are documented in 3GPP TR 25 913 1 and can be summarized as follows User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 7 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Introduction DEE Requirements for UMTS Long Term Evolution e
91. d selects the EVM calculation method for downlink signals Parameters lt Calculation gt TGPP 3GPP definition OTP Optimal timing position RST TGPP Example DL DEM EVMC TGPP Use 3GPP method Manual operation See EVM Calculation Method on page 62 SENSe LTE DL DEMod MCFilter lt State gt This command turns suppression of interfering neighboring carriers on and off e g LTE WCDMA GSM etc User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 131 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands Parameters lt State gt Example Manual operation Remote Commands to Configure the Application ON OFF RST OFF DL DEM MCF ON Turns suppression on of neighboring carriers on See Multicarrier Filter on page 64 SENSe LTE DL DEMod PRData lt Reference gt This command the type of reference data to calculate the EVM for the PDSCH Parameters lt Reference gt Example Manual operation AUTO Automatic identification of reference data ALLO Reference data is 0 according to the test model definition DL DEM PRD ALLO Sets the reference data of the PDSCH to 0 See PDSCH Reference Data on page 64 SENSe LTE DL FORMat PSCD lt Format gt This command selects the method of identifying the PDSCH resource allocation Parameters lt Format gt Example Manual operation OFF Applies the user configuration of the PDSCH subframe regardless of the signal characteristics
92. dees ese ceg atio EHE dn dadia die Da rasta bea a pua ea daa ege 149 CALCulate n z DELTamarker rm Y9 eite cessi eg EB ce id Pe La Mese Eod pp Eee Ia Dac Res EE 149 CALOCulate n DELTamarker m STATe essere nennen nnne rennen nnne rne 148 eed eizizibm E 91 CALOCulate n LIMit k ACPower ACHannel RESUIt esses eene eene 116 CAL Culate cnzLlMitckzACbowerAl TematehRt Gut 116 CALCulate n LIMitck OOPower OFFPower 4117 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt OOPower TRANsient seen nn eren rnnt nrnnn nenne 117 CAL Culatecnz MAbRkercmz AOEF ene thnt sent rtn ssh nrnis iii thss ssi thnn siat nnt ast tenn sent nnt sni nn 145 CAlLCulate cnzMAbker mzFUNGCHonbO Wer RE Gu CUR entl 118 CAL Culate cnz MAb ker mz MAximumf PDEART eene r nne renr nen nnnn sinn 146 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum PEAK CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum PEAK CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt TRACe ccecccecce cece ccseeceneeeeaeceseeseaeeseaeecseeseaeescaeseeaeeeaeeseaeesaeesaeeseaesesaeseeeseaees CALCulate lt n gt MARKGrsim gt X 147 CAtC latesn gt MARKES MZN E 147 CALCulate lt sn gt MARKer lt m gt STATE riiscia iasi riparia i entes sehen e etn en nnns CONFioure POWer E vbeched IO analvzerz nennen neren nennen eene en nerit CONFigure POWer EXPected RF analyzer CONFig re PRE SEU p NETT C
93. e Buffer to be displayed on screen B See Capture Buffer on page 31 See On Off Power on page 32 See EVM vs Carrier on page 35 See EVM vs Symbol on page 36 See Frequency Error vs Symbol on page 36 See EVM vs Subframe on page 37 See Spectrum Mask on page 38 See ACLR on page 40 See Power Spectrum on page 41 See Power vs Resource Block PDSCH on page 42 See Power vs Resource Block RS on page 42 See Channel Flatness on page 43 See Channel Group Delay on page 43 See Channel Flatness Difference on page 44 See Constellation Diagram on page 45 See CCDF on page 45 See Allocation Summary on page 46 See Bit Stream on page 47 User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 92 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands SS ESE ES a i 8 3 2 Selecting and Configuring Measurements DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TABLe State This command turns the result summary on and off Parameters lt State gt ON Turns the result summary on and removes all graphical results from the screen OFF Turns the result summary off and restores the graphical results that were previously set Example DISP TABL OFF Turns the result summary off Manual operation See Result Summary on page 28 Configuring Frequency Sweep Measurements ACLR and SEM measurements feature some settings particular to those measurements SENSe POWerACHannelAAC Hanne sccccisieittiecetadiaccecssticeatdeeestiaanaeedend E
94. e power of the first lower alternate channel in dB lt 1stUpperAltChannelPower gt is the relative power of the first lower alternate channel in dB nthLowerAltChannelPower is the relative power of a subse quent lower alternate channel in dB nthUpperAltChannelPower is the relative power of a subse quent lower alternate channel in dB CALC1 MARK FUNC POW RES Returns the current ACLR measurement results Query only See ACLR on page 40 User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 118 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands 8 7 8 7 1 8 7 1 1 Remote Commands to Configure the Application Remote Commands to Configure the Application e Remote Commands for General Settings esee 119 e Contiguimg MIMO Setups ueteri tle rere cce er tae re Feed SEENEN E 127 e Advanced General Sett ngs euuecieeiuecezceeeeedeeueezeze eene nnne tenete ke Rand naa 128 e Configuring Downlink Signal Demodulation eese 130 e Configuring Downlink PrAMGS ee reed tre iiaia 134 e Defining Advanced Signal Characheristice 138 Remote Commands for General Settings This chapter contains remote control commands necessary to control the general mea surement settings For more information see chapter 5 2 General Settings on page 49 Defining Signal Characteristics terere BN ip m 119 CONFigure ETEEDE GO Y CPre E 119 GONFigure E TEEDEINORB 2 2 ure
95. e to identify any symbols whose EVM is too high The results are based on an average EVM that is calculated over all subcarriers that are part of a particular OFDM symbol This average OFDM symbol EVM is determined for all OFDM symbols in each analyzed subframe If you analyze all subframes the result display contains three traces e Average EVM This trace shows the OFDM symbol EVM averaged over all subframes Minimum EVM This trace shows the lowest average OFDM symbol EVM that has been found over the analyzed subframes Maximum EVM This trace shows the highest average OFDM symbol EVM that has been found over the analyzed subframes If you select and analyze one subframe only the result display contains one trace that shows the OFDM symbol EVM for that subframe only Average minimum and maximum values in that case are the same For more information see Subframe Selection on page 78 The x axis represents the OFDM symbols with each symbol represented by a dot on the line The number of displayed symbols depends on the Subframe Selection and the length of the cyclic prefix Any missing connections from one dot to another mean that the R amp S FSV could not determine the EVM for that symbol In case of TDD signals the result display does not show OFDM symbols that are not part of the measured link direc tion On the y axis the EVM is plotted either in or in dB depending on the EVM Unit B EVM us Symbol 0 10 Symbol
96. easurements and Result Displays Measuring the Spectrum By default three traces are shown One trace shows the average power The second and the third trace show the minimum and maximum powers respectively You can select to display the power for a specific subframe in the Subframe Selection dialog box In that case the application shows the power of that subframe only The x axis represents the resource blocks The displayed number of resource blocks depends on the channel bandwidth or number of resource blocks you have set On the y axis the power is plotted in dBm EER ES ee Dt Remote command CALCulate lt n gt FEED SPEC PVRR TRACe DATA 4 4 2 2 Flatness Flat Grdel Diff Channel Flatness Starts the Channel Flatness result display This result display shows the relative power offset caused by the transmit channel The currently selected subframe depends on your selection The x axis represents the frequency On the y axis the channel flatness is plotted in dB B Channel Flatness dB 1 54 MHzidiv Remote command CALCulate lt n gt FEED SPEC FLAT TRACe DATA Channel Group Delay Starts the Channel Group Delay result display User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 43 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays 4 5 Measuring the Symbol Constellation This result display shows the group delay of each subcarrier The currently selected subframe depends on your selection The
97. ence purpo ses B Constellation Diagram Points Measured The constellation diagram also contains information about the current evaluation range In addition it shows the number of points that are displayed in the diagram Remote command CALCulate lt n gt FEED CONS CONS TRACe DATA 4 6 Measuring Statistics This chapter contains information on all measurements that show the statistics of a signal EE RETTEN 45 Allocation SUmbbly eege eegen RE niet ence ter reete dee e ieri redd 46 ciel E E ET 47 CCDF Starts the Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function CCDF result display This result display shows the probability of an amplitude exceeding the mean power For the measurement the complete capture buffer is used The x axis represents the power relative to the measured mean power On the y axis the probability is plotted in 96 E User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 45 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays Measuring Statistics B CCDF 2 dBidiv Remote command CALCulate lt n gt FEED STAT CCDF TRACe DATA Allocation Summary Starts the Allocation Summary result display This result display shows the results of the measured allocations in tabular form B Allocation Summary Sub Allocation Number b Modulation frame ID of RB D 002 The rows in the table represent the allocations with allocation ALL bei
98. ent Measurements EVM gata gt J EM i REdata K data Mi 3 4 The number of resource elements taken into account is denoted by Npe aata UO imbalance The I Q imbalance can be written as re r8 i6 JOO 3 5 where s t is the transmit signal r t is the received signal and and Q are the weighting factors We define that I 1 and Q 1 AQ The UO imbalance estimation makes it possible to evaluate the modulator gain balance 1 AQ 3 6 and the quadrature mismatch arg 1 AQ 3 7 based on the complex valued estimate 4 Other measurement variables Without going into detail the EUTRA LTE downlink measurement application additionally provides the following results e Total power e Constellation diagram e Group delay e Q offset e Crest factor e Spectral flatness 3 4 Performing Time Alignment Measurements The MIMO measurement application provides the possibility to perform time alignment measurements between the different antennas for 2 or 4 TX antenna MIMO configura tions The time alignment error values represent the time offset between the considered antenna and antenna 1 and will be displayed in the result summary A schematic descrip tion of the results is provided in figure 3 3 LEE User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 23 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurement Basics Performing Time Alignment Measurements A test setup for time alignment measurements is shown in figure 3 2 T
99. er any number that is greater than the span that would be calculated automatically This mechanism makes sure that the span is not too small for the signal bandwidth and the complete signal is displayed Nopte that changing the span only takes effect when you start a new measurement after you have changed the span 5 4 2 Configuring SEM Measurements The SEM settings are part of the Spectrum tab of the General Settings dialog box General MIMO Advanced Trigger ETT SEM Settings Channel Category A eic AM H I 58 Category Selects the limit definitions for SEM measurements Category A and B are defined in ITU R recommendation SM 329 The category you should use for the measurement depends on the category that the base station you are testing supports Remote command SENSe POWer SEM CATegory on page 95 5 4 3 Configuring ACLR Measurements The ACLR settings are part of the Spectrum tab of the General Settings dialog box General MIMO Advanced Trigger Spectrum ACLR Settings Assumed Adj Ch Carr EUTRA same BW Num of Tx Channels 1 Tx2 Bandwidth 10 MHz Tx2 Offset 10 MHz Noise Correction Sweep Time 500 ms Assumed Adjacent Channel Carrier critici retinenda 58 NOISE COMECHON ME 59 SWEBE Iesele deene ee ee ee 59 Nurmber ot EE le LEE 59 Assumed Adjacent Channel Carrier Selects the assumed adjacent channel car
100. eriod Shows the length of the rising transient Note that the beginning and end of a transition period is determined based on the Off Power Density Limit This limit is defined by 3GPP in TS 36 141 as the maximum allowed mean power spectral density The length of the transient from on to off period is for example the distance from the detected end of the subframe to the last time that the signal power is above the measured mean power spectral density Results that comply to the limits are displayed in green Any results that violate the limits defined by 3GPP are displayed in red Graphic results The lower part of the result display shows a graphical representation of the analyzed TDD frame E User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 33 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays Measuring the Error Vector Magnitude EVM B ON OFF Power Off Power Density limit 55 0dBm MHz Timing Adjust Passed 1 00 ms div The diagram consists of several elements e Yellow trace The yellow trace represents the signal power during the off periods Filtering as defined in 3GPP TS 36 141 is taken into account for the calculation of the trace e Blue trace The blue trace represents the transition periods falling and rising Note that the blue trace might be visible only after zooming into the diagram because of its steep flank and small horizontal dimensions Ha Mov A noA Hd eH a e Bluerectangles The blue rectan
101. esult displays Selection Units Misc Screen B EVM Vs Carrier Auto Scaling Fixed Scaling Per Division 2 Offset 0 Y Axis Scale The y axis scaling determines the vertical resolution of the measurement results The scaling you select always applies to the currently active screen and the corresponding result display Usually the best way to view the results is if they fit ideally in the diagram area in order to view the complete trace This is the way the application scales the y axis if you have turned on automatic scaling But it may become necessary to see a more detailed version of the results In that case turn on fixed scaling for the y axis Fixed scaling becomes available when you turn off automatic scaling For a fixed scaling define the distance between two grid lines scaling per division and the point of origin of the y axis the offset Remote command Automatic scaling DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe AUTO on page 150 Manual scaling DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe FIXScale OFFSet on page 150 DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe FIXScale PERDiv on page 151 User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 81 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Analyzing Measurement Results Using Markers 6 6 Using Markers The firmware application provides marker functionality to work with You can use a marker to mark specific points on traces or to read out measurement results B EVM vs Carrier 1 54 MHzidiv Fig 6 3 Example
102. g Auto PDSCH Demod v4 PDSCH Subframe Detect Physical Detection Boosting Estimation v4 PDSCH Reference Data Auto Detect Multicarrier Filter Channel ESBIAWOD EE 62 EVM Calculation Ode e e DE 62 scrambling of Coded CEET 62 Auto POSCH Bue e EL EE 63 PDSCH Subframe Configuration Detechon ENEE 63 Boosting ESt ial oceani eec ee teed eon E Dded rv br Rua desde ddr dnd 64 PDSCH Reference la n terror rera reo orat a Rea dea aea orae FIR Pec vn ad 64 Multicamier TEE 64 Channel Estimation Selects the method of channel estimation e EVM 3GPP Definition Channel estimation according to 3GPP TS 36 141 This method is based on aver aging in frequency direction and linear interpolation Examines the reference signal only e Optimal Pilot only Optimal channel estimation method Examines the reference signal only e Optimal Pilot and Payload Optimal channel estimation method Examines both the reference signal and the payload resource elements Remote command SENSe LTE Db DEMod CESTimation on page 131 EVM Calculation Method Selects the method to calculate the EVM e EVM 3GPP Definition Calculation of the EVM according to 3GPP TS 36 141 Evaluates the EVM at two trial timing positions and then uses the maximum EVM of the two e At Optimal Timing Position Calculates the EVM using the optimal timing position Remote command SENSe LTE DL DEMod EVMCalc on page 131
103. g TDD Frames on page 66 Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity CONFigure E TEE DL PLO CID iuit tiet n td bt td nna 135 CONFigure ETEEDLE PEC CIDGROUD EE 135 COR Figure FT EP ke Ho dee ee deed Sege deeg 135 ETS c 135 gi REN en PLD NL ad ni dtevaaeedcaedbieialadidiaadanineananaetedcesan 136 User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 134 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands Remote Commands to Configure the Application CONFigure LTE DL PLC CID lt Cellld gt This command defines the cell ID Parameters lt Cellld gt AUTO Automatically defines the cell ID lt numeric value gt Number of the cell ID Range 0 to 503 Example CONF DL PLC CID 12 Defines the cell ID 12 CONFigure LTE DL PLC CIDGroup lt GroupNumber gt This command selects the cell ID group for downlink signals Parameters lt GroupNumber gt AUTO Automatic selection 0 167 Manual selection RST AUTO Example CONF DL PLC CIDG 134 Cell identity group number 134 is selected CONF DL PLC CIDG AUTO Automatic cell identity group detection is selected Manual operation See Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity on page 67 CONFigure LTE DL PLC PLID Identity This command defines the physical layer cell identity for ownlink signals Parameters lt Identity gt AUTO Automatic selection 0 2 Manual selection RST AUTO Example CONF DL PLC PLID 1 Selects physical layer cell ID 2 Manual operatio
104. g gt This command selects the duplexing mode Parameters lt Duplexing gt TDD Time division duplex FDD Frequency division duplex RST FDD Example CONF DUPL TDD Activates time division duplex Manual operation See Selecting the LTE Mode on page 50 CONFigure LTE LDIRection Direction This command selects the link direction L User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 120 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands 8 7 1 2 Remote Commands to Configure the Application Parameters lt Direction gt DL Downlink UL Uplink Example CONF LDIR DL EUTRA LTE option is configured to analyze downlink signals Manual operation See Selecting the LTE Mode on page 50 SENSe FREQuency CENTer lt Frequency gt This command sets the center frequency for RF measurements Parameters lt Frequency gt lt numeric value gt Range fmin to fmax RST 1 GHz Default unit Hz Example FREQ CENT 2GHZ Set the center frequency to 2 GHz Manual operation See Defining the Signal Frequency on page 50 Configuring the Input Level CONFloure POWerENbeched lO analvzerz enne 121 CONFloure POWerENbeched RE anahyzerz nnne 122 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe RLEVel OFFSet 0 cccecceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeees 122 INPute ns ATTenuatiorisanalyzabs uenerit ai dene AAEE a E EAA aa aia 122 MPA E NEE 122 INPOSA EEATT CN E KE 123 e VE up igiene 123 SENSe POWer AUTO analyzer
105. g thie Marker secrete terrm erras 82 User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 158
106. ge 130 PDSCH Reference Data Selects the type of reference data to calculate the EVM for the PDSCH e Auto detect Automatically identifies the reference data for the PDSCH by analyzing the signal e AIO E TM Sets the PDSCH reference data to a fixed value of 0 This value is according to the test model definition To get valid results you have to use a DUT that transmits an all zero data vector This setting is a good way if you are expecting signals with a high EVM because the automatic detection will not be reliable in that case Remote command SENSe LTE Db DEMod PRData on page 132 Multicarrier Filter Turns the suppression of interference of neighboring carriers for tests on multiradio base stations on and off e g LTE WCDMA GSM etc Remote command SENSe LTE DL DEMod MCFilter on page 131 5 6 2 Compensating Measurement Errors The tracking settings contain settings that compensate for various common measure ment errors that may occur The tracking settings are part of the Downlink Demod tab of the Demodulation Set tings dialog box ISS DL Frame Config DL Adv Sig Config Tracking Phase Off Timing E TEE 65 Mgr e CE 65 User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 64 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement i a ee a ee ee Se ee Configuring Downlink Signal Demodulation Phase Specifies whether or not the measurement
107. ger source RFPower Selects RF power trigger source RST IMMediate Example TRIG MODE EXT Selects an external trigger source 8 7 2 Configuring MIMO Setups CONFigureEETEEDIEMIMO ASELGGCIO a nennt nett nonet te dE EEN 127 CONFigure L TEJ DL MIMO CONFig eccentric 128 CONFigure LTE DL MIMO ASELection Antenna This command selects the antenna for measurements with MIMO setups Parameters Antenna ANT1 ANT2 ANT3 ANT4 Select a single antenna to be analyzed RST ANT1 Example CONF DL MIMO ASEL ANT3 Selects antenna 3 to be analyzed Manual operation See MIMO Configuration on page 56 User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 127 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands Remote Commands to Configure the Application CONFigure LTE DL MIMO CONFig lt NofAntennas gt This command sets the number of antennas in the MIMO setup Parameters lt NofAntennas gt TX1 Use one Tx antenna TX2 Use two Tx antennas TX4 Use four Tx antennas RST TX1 Example CONF DL MIMO CONF TX2 TX configuration with two antennas is selected Manual operation See MIMO Configuration on page 56 8 7 3 Advanced General Settings 8 7 3 1 Controlling UO Data EIssn ait ten tari ba es via seca dcbet bad db edd 128 SENSe SWAPiq State This command turns a swap of the and Q branches on and off Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example SWAP ON Turns a swap of the
108. gin of 5 dB on the y axis DISP TRAC Y SCAL FIXS OFFS 5 Define the distance of 10 dB between two grid lines on the y axis DISP TRAC Y SCAL FIXS PERD 10 DISPlay WINDow TRACev GCALeAtOo iiia 150 DISPlay WINDow TRACev GCAletx caleOttGet re eeeorrrrnnrrerererereennn 150 DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe FIXScale PERDIV c cceeceececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaeeeeees 151 DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe AUTO This command automatically adjusts the scale of the y axis to the current measurement results Note that the command only affects the result display selected with DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SELect Example DISP TRAC Y SCAL AUTO Scales the y axis of the selected result display Usage Event Manual operation See Y Axis Scale on page 81 DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe FIXScale OFFSet Origin This command defines the point of origin of the y axis and thus has an effect on the scale of the y axis Note that the command only affects the result display selected with DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SELect Parameters lt Origin gt Point of origin of the y axis The unit depends on the result display you want to scale Example See chapter 8 8 Analyzing Measurement Results on page 144 Manual operation See Y Axis Scale on page 81 EMN User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 150 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands 8 9 Configuring the Software DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe FI
109. gles represent the on periods Because of the overload during the on periods the actual signal power is only hinted at not shown In addition to these elements the diagram also shows the overall limit check see above the average count and the limit for the mean power spectral density Off Power Density Limit Remote command Selection CALCulate lt n gt FEED PVT OOP Limit check CALCulate n LIMit k OOPower OFFPower on page 117 CALCulate n LIMit k OOPower TRANsient on page 117 SENSe LTE 00Power ATIMing on page 97 TRACe DATA 4 3 Measuring the Error Vector Magnitude EVM This chapter contains information on all measurements that show the error vector mag nitude EVM of a signal User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 34 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays Measuring the Error Vector Magnitude EVM The EVM is one of the most important indicators for the quality of a signal For more information on EVM calculation methods refer to chapter 3 Measurement Basics on page 19 Re EE 35 EVM vs Symibol tee EEN tote rem rrr tse redd TR Re e Pr ac Dd 36 Frequency Error vs Symbol 1mm Hb degere adus RR de ua 36 ENEE EE EA E eeh e NEEN 37 EVM vs Carrier Starts the EVM vs Carrier result display This result display shows the Error Vector Magnitude EVM of the subcarriers With the help of a marker you can use it as a debugging technique to identify any subcarriers
110. gnment Error 2 1 3 1 4 1 Shows the timing difference in MIMO setups between antenna 1 and another antenna 2 3 or 4 FETCh SUMMary TAE lt antenna gt on page 105 By default all EVM results are in To view the EVM results in dB change the EVM Unit The second part of the table shows results that refer to a specifc selection of the frame The statistic is always evaluated over the subframes User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 29 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays Numerical Results The header row of the table contains information about the selection you have made like the subframe EVM All Shows the EVM for all resource elements in the analyzed frame FETCh SUMMary EVM ALL AVERage on page 100 EVM Phys Channel Shows the EVM for all physical channel resource elements in the analyzed frame FETCh SUMMary EVM PCHannel AVERage on page 101 EVM Phys Signal Shows the EVM for all physical signal resource elements in the analyzed frame FETCh SUMMary EVM PSIGnal AVERage on page 101 Frequency Error Shows the difference in the measured center frequency and the reference center frequency FETCh SUMMary FERRor AVERage on page 102 Sampling Error Shows the difference in measured symbol clock and reference symbol clock relative to the system sampling rate FETCh SUMMary SERRor AVERage on page 104 Q Offset Shows the power a
111. gs dialog box you can set various param eters that affect some result displays Bit Stream Format Selects the way the bit stream is displayed The bit stream is either a stream of raw bits or of symbols In case of the symbol format the bits that belong to a symbol are shown as hexadecimal numbers with two digits Examples _ _ _haS_ EC EU e S e 1 1 1 1LL BL LLLLCLALLULLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLCLALULAUULAUCULULLUUIM u User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 79 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Analyzing Measurement Results ne D Ss Selecting the Contents of a Constellation Diagram B Bit Stream Sub Allocation E o Bit Stream ID PBCH 2 00 PBC 6 02 01 DO 02 m B Bit Stream Sub Allocation H 10101 10110111111 00110101 011 1 100101000110100101111111010001011000111010110010 Fig 6 2 Bit stream display in downlink application if the bit stream format is set to bits Remote command UNIT BSTR on page 144 6 4 Selecting the Contents of a Constellation Diagram The Evaluation Filter dialog box contains settings to configure the contents of a con stellation diagram You can access the dialog box with the Constellation Selection softkey in the Mea surement menu Evaluation Range for the Constellation Diagram The Evaluation Range dialog box defines the type of constellation points that are dis played in the Constellation Diagram By
112. h This command restores previously saved demodulation settings The file must be of type allocation and depends on the link direction that was currently selected when the file was saved You can load only files with correct link directions Setting parameters Path String containing the path and name of the file Example MMEM LOAD DEM D USER Settingsfile allocation Usage Setting only MMEMory LOAD TMOD DL lt TestModel gt This command loads an EUTRA test model E TM The test models are in accordance with 3GPP TS 36 141 Setting parameters lt TestModel gt E TM1_1__10MHz EUTRA Test Model 1 1 E TM1 1 E TM1 2 10MHz EUTRA Test Model 1 2 E TM1 2 E TM2 10MHz EUTRA Test Model 2 E TM2 E TM3 1 10MHz EUTRA Test Model 3 1 E TM3 1 E TM3 2 10MHz EUTRA Test Model 3 2 E TM3 2 E TM3 3 10MHz EUTRA Test Model 3 3 E TM3 3 Example MMEM LOAD TMOD DL E TM2 10MHz Selects test model 2 for a 10 MHz bandwidth Usage Setting only SSS User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 152 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink List of Commands List of Commands CAL Culate nz DEI Tamarkercmz AOEE nennen nnne nenne nennen n renr nin renes str rnnr sentent nnne 148 CAlCulate nz D I Tamarker mz MAXimumf PDEART nnne rennen 148 CALCulate n DELTamarker m TRAQCe sss seen nnnen etn nnes eh nrnnr rnnt ente sn nenr nenne nes rnnt 149 CALCulate n DELTamarker tm X 2 iiti i
113. hannels for the ACLR measurement with SENSe POWer ACHannel TXCHannels COUNt on page 94 Note that you have to add a suffix with the value 2 at the CHANnel syntax element Parameters lt Bandwidth gt Bandwidth of the second TX channel in Hz Supported LTE bandwidths are listed in the description of CONFigure LTE DL BW on page 119 Example POW ACH TXCH COUN 2 POW ACH BAND CHAN2 BW15 00 Defines a bandwidth of 15 MHz for the second TX channel Manual operation See Number of TX Channels on page 59 SENSe POWer ACHannel SPACing CHANnel Distance This command defines the distance between the first and the second TX channel for ACLR measurements Before you can use the command you have to select two TX channels for the ACLR measurement with SENSe POWer ACHannel TXCHannels COUNt on page 94 Parameters Distance Distance from the center of the first TX channel to the center of the second TX channel in Hz Example POW ACH TXCH COUN 2 POW ACH SPAC CHAN 10MHZ Defines a channel spacing of 10 MHz Manual operation See Number of TX Channels on page 59 SENSe POWer ACHannel TXCHannels COUNt lt TXChannels gt This command selects the number of transmission TX channels in ACLR measure ments _L_____SS__ S Se e S e iLLULLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLALLLLLLLULILS User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 94 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands a i MM Selecting an
114. he General tab of the General Settings dialog box IESSE Advanced Trigger Spectrum Level Settings Ref Level RF Auto Level 10 dBm Ext Att 0 dB Defining a Reference Level eme an gente eccentric 52 FASTA Ue e ET 52 EE User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 51 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement ee ee ee a wv eee ee ee ee SS General Settings Defining a Reference Level The reference level is the power level the R amp S FSV expects at the RF input Keep in mind that the power level at the RF input is the peak envelope power in case of signals with a high crest factor like LTE To get the best dynamic range you have to set the reference level as low as possible At the same time make sure that the maximum signal level does not exceed the reference level If it does it will overload the A D converter regardless of the signal power Mea surement results may deteriorate e g EVM This applies especially for measurements with more than one active channel near the one you are trying to measure 6 MHz Note that the signal level at the A D converter may be stronger than the level the appli cation displays depending on the current resolution bandwidth This is because the res olution bandwidths are implemented digitally after the A D converter You can either specify the RF Reference Level in dBm or Baseband Reference Level in V depending on the input source You can a
115. he dashed con nections are only required for 4 TX antenna MIMO configuration For best measurement result accuracy it is recommended to use cables of the same length and identical combin ers as adders Fig 3 2 Time alignment measurement hardware setup For a successful time alignment measurement make sure to set up the measurement correctly e the subframe selection in the general settings menu must be set to All e enable Compensate Crosstalk in the demodulation settings see screenshot below Note that the time alignment measurement only uses the reference signal and therefore ignores any PDSCH settings e g it does not have an influence on this measurement if the PDSCH MIMO scheme is set to transmit diversity or spatial multiplexing The EVM will usually be very high for this measurement This does not effect the accuracy of the time alignment error measurement result SS M Q User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 24 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurement Basics 3 5 LTE Frame Start LTE Frame Start LTE Frame Start LTE Frame Start Performing Transmit On Off Power Measurements Tx Antenna 1 Indicator Time Tx Antenna 2 Time Alignment Error A2 1 E e Indicator Time Tx Antenna 3 G Time Alignment Error 43 1 E i 1 Time Tx Antenna 4 5 S Time Alignment Error 44 1 H ri Time 3 3 Schema
116. he physical signal characteristics contain settings to describe the phyiscal attributes of an LTE signal The physical settings are part of the Frame Configuration tab of the Demodulation Settings dialog box DL Demod DTNSTTITIDPTIT DL Adv Sig Config Physical Layer Cell Identity Auto F Cell ID 0 Cell Identity Group 0 Identity 0 Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity eee 67 Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity The cell ID cell identity group and physical layer identity are interdependent parameters In combination they are responsible for synchronization between network and user equipment The physical layer cell ID identifies a particular radio cell in the LTE network The cell identities are divided into 168 unique cell identity groups Each group consists of 3 phys ical layer identities According to Nip 3 Nip Nip N cell identity group 0 167 NO physical layer identity 0 2 there is a total of 504 different cell IDs User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 67 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement ee ae HP 5 7 3 Configuring Downlink Frames If you change one of these three parameters the R amp S FSV automatically updates the other two For automatic detection of the cell ID turn the Auto function on Before it
117. iali O INPutens EAT c H INPut lt n gt EATT AUTO UNENEE T STAT8S s ertt aen des teat Eege atu cid MMEMory LOAD DEModsetting BEE 152 MMEMOry EOADB TMOB DL iioii re a ni dede Ee essei te He etc 152 TRAGe IQ FIETaer EE 129 Be prd 115 TRlGoert GEOuencel HOL Doft anahyzerz eterne nennen teretes nter enne etnies TRIG er SEQuencel F Power HOL Doft TRIGger SEQuence IFPower HYSTeresis eeen TRIGger SEQuence LEVel lt analyzer gt POWer TRIGGerESEQUENCe MODE as iss ons ceases cocci ege euer eege OT ENEE UNITE EVM e SENSe FREQuenecy GENTGr eei tr etn gren inh e ree IR RR Fee RR UE Fe ed x niaan SENSe POWer ACHannel AACHannel essent nhe rennen etes dr erse ters eten enne een DEGERE RU ELS SSS SSS User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 155 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink List of Commands REESEN SENSe POWer ACHannel BANDwidth CHANnel2 sess eee nere trennen 94 SENSe POWer ACHannel SPACing CHANnel esses enne nennen nnrnen reet rennes nn 94 SENSe POWer ACHannel TXCHannels COUNt essent rennen nennen rennen rennes een 94 SENSe POWer AUTO lt analyZer gt TIME nennen nnne n nenne eter etnns een etne nnns 124 SENSe POWer AUTO analyzer STATe
118. ialog boxes via the Settings Gen Demod soft key Pressing the softkey once opens the General Settings dialog box The Gen label in the softkey turns orange to indicate an active General Settings dialog box Pressing the softkey again opens the Demod Settings dialog box When the Demod Settings dialog box is active the Demod label in the softkey turns orange In the General Settings dialog box you can set all parameters that are related to the overall measurement The dialog box is made up of three tabs one for general settings one for MIMO settings and one for advanced settings By default the General tab is the active one In the Demod Settings dialog box you can set up the measurement in detail e g the demodulation configuration The dialog box is made up of three tabs one for configuring the signal configuration one for setting up the frame configuration and one for configuring the control channels and miscellaneous settings By default the DL Demod tab is the active one You can switch between the tabs by touching the tab on the touchscreen or with the cursor keys e Performing Measurements E 48 General SSMS cm 49 e Configuring MIMO Sellps ce tere te rn retten hti dee ue Eee ACER RR RIS eR SERA 56 e Configuring Spectrum Measurements sss 57 e Advanced General Settings eese cede nezeee eene eha nenne Euh nane na 59 e Configuring Downlink Signal Demodulation sess 61 e Conf
119. iguring Downlink Frames iiec emer Gao tercio ce eee Qeado NENNEN 66 e Defining Advanced Signal Characheristtce A 71 5 1 Performing Measurements The sweep menu contains functions that control the way the R amp S FSV performs a mea surement Single Sweep and Continuous Sweep In continuous sweep mode the R amp S FSV continuously captures data performs meas urements and updates the result display according to the trigger settings To activate single sweep mode press the Run Single softkey In single sweep mode the R amp S FSV captures data performs the measurement and updates the result display exactly once after the trigger event After this process the R amp S FSV interrupts the mea surement EN User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 48 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement a ee ee ee a ee eee ee ee ee S General Settings You can always switch back to continuous sweep mode with the Run Cont softkey Remote command INITiate CONTinuous on page 96 Auto Level The Auto Level softkey initiates a process that sets an ideal reference level for the current measurement For more information see Defining a Reference Level on page 52 Remote command SENSe POWer AUTO lt analyzer gt STATe on page 123 Refresh Updates the current result display in single sweep mode without capturing UO data again If you have changed any settings after a single sweep and use the Refresh function
120. is the EVM is plotted either in 9o or in dB depending on the EVM Unit E NNI BH EECH E UE mE FERE lt EE A NEN 4 5 6 d Remote command CALCulate lt n gt FEED EVM EVSU TRACe DATA User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 37 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays Measuring the Spectrum 4 4 Measuring the Spectrum This chapter contains information on all measurements that show the power of a signal in the frequency domain In addition to the I Q measurements spectrum measurements also include two frequency sweep measurements the Spectrum Emission Mask and the Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio e Frequency Sweep Measurements sisse renes 38 e VA Measurements eec denen a ntn ind Un dux nena e Ron due de SEA 41 4 4 1 Frequency Sweep Measurements The Spectrum Emission Mask SEM and Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio ACLR measurements are the only frequency sweep measurements available for the L TE mea surement application They do not use the I Q data all other measurements use Instead those measurements sweep the frequency spectrum every time you run a new mea surement Therefore it is not possible to to run an UO measurement and then view the results in the frequency sweep measurements and vice versa Also because each of the frequency sweep measurements uses different settings to obtain signal data it is not possible to run a frequency sweep measurement and
121. iving antennas e Sync State The following synchronization states may occur OK The synchronization was successful FAIL C The cyclic prefix correlation failed FAIL P The P SYNC correlation failed FAIL S The S SYNC correlation failed Any combination of C P and S may occur SCPI Command SENSe SYNC STATe on page 97 e Ext Att Shows the external attenuation in dB e Capture Time Shows the capture length in ms 2 3 Support If you encounter any problems when using the application you can contact the Rohde amp Schwarz support to get help for the problem To make the solution easier use the R amp S Support softkey to export useful information for troubleshooting The R amp S FSV stores the information in a number of files that are located in the R amp S FSV directory C NR SNXInstrNuserNLTENSupport If you contact Rohde amp Schwarz to get help on a certain problem send these files to the support in order to identify and solve the problem faster User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 18 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurement Basics Symbols and Variables 3 Measurement Basics This chapter provides background information on the measurements and result displays available with the LTE Analysis Software e Symbols and Variables ENEE 19 UE C EE 20 e The LTE Downlink Analysis Measurement Appltcaton 20 e Performing Time Alignment Measurement AA 23 e Performing Transmit On Off
122. leakage 20 dBm Max response time 1 us Max recovery time 1 us An additional 10 dB attenuation should be placed in front of the RF limiter to absorb eventual reflected waves because of the high VSWR of the limiter The allowed maximum CW input power of the attenuator must be lower than the maximum output power of the BTS Performing the measurement For the transmit ON OFF power measurements according to 36 141 6 4 the test model E TM1 1 has to be used For more information on loading the test model settings see chapter 7 File Management on page 84 If an external trigger is used before the actual measurement can be started the timing must be adjusted by pressing the Adjust Timing hotkey The status display in the header of the graph changes from Timing not adjusted to Timing adjusted and the run hotkeys are released Relevant setting changes again lead to a Timing not adjusted status dis play User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 26 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurement Basics b Performing Transmit On Off Power Measurements If the adjustment fails an error message is shown and the adjustment state is still not adjusted To find out what causes the synchronization failure you should perform a regular EVM measurement i e leave the ON OFF Power measurement Then you can use all the measurement results like EVM vs Carrier to get more detailed information about the failure The timing adjustment wi
123. ll succeed if the Sync State in the header is OK Using a R amp S FSQ or R amp S FSG it is recommended to use the external trigger mode since for high power signals a successful synchronization is not guaranteed under certain cir cumstances Pressing the Run Single hotkey starts the averaging of the traces of the number of frames given in the General Settings dialog After performing all sweeps the table in the upper half of the screen shows if the measurements pass or fail s User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 27 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays Numerical Results 4 Measurements and Result Displays The LTE measurement application features several measurements to examine and ana lyze different aspects of an LTE signal 4 1 The source of the data that is processed is either a live signal or a previously recorded signal whose characteristics have been saved to a file For more information see Select ing the Input Source on page 60 li e 28 Measuring the Power Over mme ee 31 Measuring the Error Vector Magnitude EVM ecce 34 Measuring the Spectrumm 0 ccccccccaeesssececeaeeseseceaeaeesaeceneatetececeqeneetedeceedatebedeceaae 38 Measuring the Symbol Constellation ecce cene cient nnns 44 EL SASOS m 45 Numerical Results Result SUMMA M 28 Result Summary The Result Summary
124. lock Symbol Offset CONFIGUIEEE TIE DLIPSOPFISCE EE 138 CONFigure LTE DL PSOFfset Offset This command defines the symbol offset for PDSCH allocations relative to the start of the subframe The offset applies to all subframes Parameters lt Offset gt AUTO Automatically determines the symbol offset lt numeric value gt Manual selection of the symbol offset Range 0 to 4 RST AUTO Example CONF DL PSOF 2 Sets an offset of 2 symbols Manual operation See PRB Symbol Offset on page 72 User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 138 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands Remote Commands to Configure the Application 8 7 6 2 Configuring the Reference Signal CONFigure LTEN DLREF SQ POW EE 139 CONFigure LTE DL REFSig POWer lt Power gt This command defines the relative power of the reference signal Parameters lt Power gt lt numeric value gt RST 0 dB Default unit DB Example CONF DL REFS POW 1 2 Sets a relative power of 1 2 dB Manual operation See Rel Power Reference Signal on page 72 8 7 6 3 Configuring the Synchronization Signal CONFigurebETEEFDIESS NOAAN Tena EE 139 GCONFigure E TEEDE SYNGCPPONBr ince rrt c t Ern tente khe NEEN EENEG 139 GONFigure E TEEDE SSYNGOISPONM NE 2 2i aet tne edere ea utere peek ese a a i ies 140 CONFigure LTE DL SYNC ANTenna Antenna This command selects the antenna that transmits the P SYNC and the S SYNC Parameters
125. lso use automatic detection of the reference level with the Auto Level func tion If active the application measures and sets the reference level to its ideal value before each sweep This process slightly increases the measurement time You can define the measurement time of that measurement with the Auto Level Track Time Automatic level detection also optimizes RF attenuation Remote command Manual RF CONFigure POWer EXPected RF analyzer on page 122 Manual BB CONFigure POWer EXPected IQ analyzer on page 121 Automatic SENSe POWer AUTO lt analyzer gt STATe on page 123 Auto Level Track Time SENSe POWer AUTO analyzer TIME on page 124 Attenuating the Signal Attenuation of the signal may become necessary if you have to reduce the power of the signal that you have applied Power reduction is necessary for example to prevent an overload of the input mixer The LTE application provides several attenuation modes e External attenuation is always available It controls an external attenuator if you are using one e Mechanical or RF attenuation is always available The mechanical attenuator con trols attenuation at the RF input Mechanical attenuation is available in the Advanced tab of the General Settings dialog box Positive values correspond to an attenuation and negative values correspond to an amplification E User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 52 R amp S FSV K10x LTE D
126. lt n gt ATTenuation lt analyzer gt lt Attenuation gt This command sets the RF attenuation level Parameters lt Attenuation gt lt numeric value gt RST 5 dB Default unit dB Example INP ATT 10 Defines an RF attenuation of 10 dB Manual operation See Attenuating the Signal on page 52 INPut lt n gt EATT lt Attenuation gt This command defines the electronic attenuation level If the current reference level is not compatible with an attenuation that has been set manually the command also adjusts the reference level This command is available with option R amp S FSV B25 but not if R amp S FSV B17 is active Parameters lt Attenuation gt Attenuation level in dB Default unit dB L User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 122 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands EE Remote Commands to Configure the Application Example INP EATT 10 Defines an attenuation level of 10 dB INPut lt n gt EATT STATe State This command turns the electronic attenuator on and off This command is available with option R amp S FSV B25 but not if R amp S FSV B17 is active Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example INP EATT STAT ON Turns the electronic attenuator on INPut lt n gt EATT AUTO State This command turns automatic selection of the electronic attenuation on and off If on electronic attenuation reduces the mechanical attenuation whenever possible This command is available with
127. lues relative power The unit is always dB The first value that is returned is the number of the following values EM User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 108 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands a aa i nr Remote Commands to Read Trace Data 8 6 1 6 Channel Flatness For the Channel Flatness result display the command returns one value for each trace point lt relative power gt The unit is always dB The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 Returns the average power over all subframes e TRACE2 Returns the minimum power found over all subframes If you are analyzing a partic ular subframe it returns nothing e TRACE3 Returns the maximum power found over all subframes If you are analyzing a partic ular subframe it returns nothing 8 6 1 7 Channel Flatness Difference For the Channel Flatness Difference result display the command returns one value for each trace point lt relative power gt The unit is always dB The number of values depends on the selected LTE bandwidth The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 Returns the average power over all subframes e TRACE2 Returns the minimum power found over all subframes If you are analyzing a partic ular subframe it returns nothing e TRACE3 Returns the maximum power found over all subframes If you are analyzing a partic ular subframe it returns nothing 8 6 1 8 Channel Grou
128. m e Channel Shows the channel type TX Adjacent or Alternate Channel Note that if you perform a measurement on two TX channels each TX channel only has one set of adjacent channels The first TX channel CO those to its left the second TX channel CuO those to its right e Bandwidth Shows the bandwidth of the channel User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 40 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays Measuring the Spectrum e Spacing Shows the channel spacing e Lower Upper Shows the relative power of the lower and upper adjacent and alternate channels e Limit Shows the limit of that channel if one is defined 2 dBm AttE 0 00 0 00 dB E E Remote command Selection CALCulate lt n gt FEED SPEC ACP Reading results CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion POWer RESult CURRent on page 118 TRACe DATA 4 4 2 I Q Measurements e Power Spec RB RS RB PDSCH 2 0 4 005 0 CEET 41 e Pblatness Flat Grdel Df Eit eere doccia ed ceu rueda 43 44 2 1 Power Spec RB RS RB PDSCH The Power Spec RB RS RB PDSCH softkey selects one of three result displays The currently selected result display is highlighted Power Spectrum Starts the Power Spectrum result display This result display shows the power density of the complete capture buffer in dBm Hz The displayed bandwidth depends on bandwidth or number of resource blocks you have set For more inf
129. mands to Read Trace Data Manual operation See Result Summary on page 28 FETCh SUMMary TAE lt antenna gt This command queries the time alignment error Suffix lt antenna gt 2 4 Number of the antenna you want to compare to antenna 1 Return values lt TimeAlignError gt Time alignment error of antenna 1 and another antenna Usage Query only Manual operation See Result Summary on page 28 FETCh SUMMary TFRame This command queries the sub frame start offset as shown in the Capture Buffer result display Return values lt Offset gt Time difference between the sub frame start and capture buffer start Default unit s Example FETC SUMM TFR Returns the sub frame start offset Usage Query only Manual operation See Capture Buffer on page 31 Remote Commands to Read Trace Data e Using the TRAGE DATA Commtatid uuccict nett lt eed ente tents 105 e Remote Commands to Read Measurement Results 116 Using the TRACe DATA Command This chapter contains information on the TRACe DATA command and a detailed descrip tion of the characteristics of that command The TRACe DATA command queries the trace data or results of the currently active measurement or result display The type number and structure of the return values are specific for each result display In case of results that have any kind of unit the command returns the results in the unit you have currently set for that result display
130. mum AAA 103 FEICh SUMMaty POWer AVERage rete D eta gr e edet e Der n Re d 103 FETCh SUMMary QUADerror MAXimum esses eene nennen nennen enrseeneret ers snrse terrens nnne ni 104 FE TCh SUMMarv OUlADerror MINIMUM nnne nmnen enne nereernr eterne erer rennen nein 104 FETCh SUMMary QUADerror AVERage FETChH SUMMary RSTP MAXIMUM tede creer pego ee ER Nee aea koe ese anu erdeelt 104 FETCh SUMMary RSTP MINimum sess enne nre treni nne erret erre nre ennt nn ere nen enne 104 FEICIiSUMMary RSTP EAVER de rrr trt ierat eee eL unb egi ated nice cede aunt 104 FETCh SUMMarv SGERRor MANlmum nnne rennrtnre tentent tnnt eter inneren enne 104 FETCH SUMMary SERROEMINimUtm iin etit eate bL ra eH p inven be cba dee eed de Re adds 104 FETCh SUMMarv SGERRot AVERaoel nennen nenne trennen rre nr enne nne nnne 104 EETCh SUMMary TAE antenria rore np ePi eec pe epe re Crea re te o HM aetna 105 EETCH SUMMaty NEE 105 FORMat DATA us NIT Iate GON BERIPe Ur 96 INIMiate2 REF RES M26 feces C 97 NIR E EE 96 UNEL m 128 INPut n ATTenuatiorisahalyZere citar tette dede eg tastes dee besalep ewes taatessand puppet acigdeeasael 122 INPut n DIQ RANGe UPPer essent nri tenerse etn retener enne 129 INPut lt n gt DIO SRAT Cseveeneedi
131. n See Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity on page 67 FETCh PLC CIDGroup This command queries the cell identity group that has been detected User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 135 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands 8 7 5 3 Remote Commands to Configure the Application Return values lt CidGroup gt The command returns 1 if no valid result has been detected yet Range 0 to 167 Example FETC PLC CIDG Returns the current cell identity group Usage Query only Manual operation See Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity on page 67 FETCh PLC PLID This command queries the cell identity that has been detected Return values lt Identity gt The command returns 1 if no valid result has been detected yet Range 0 to 2 Example FETC PLC PLID Returns the current cell identity Usage Query only Manual operation See Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity on page 67 Configuring PDSCH Subframes CONFigurep t TE DLICSUBTANGS oie iiic correre re e riter ea tuoi eee e kde de iae 136 CONFigure L TED SUBtrame subframez AL Coumt n 136 CONFigure L TE DL SUBFrame ssubframe ALLoc allocation CW Cwnum NWO BITTER 137 CONFigure LTE DL SUBFrame ssubframe ALLoc allocation POWer 137 CONFigure L TE DL SUBFrame ssubframe ALLoc allocation RBCount 137 CONFigure L TE DL SUBFrame ssubframe ALLoc alloc
132. naa sias e e e oe o e et Antenna port 0 Antenna port 1 Amenna por 2 Antenna por 3 Fig 1 6 Downlink Reference Signal Structure Normal Cyclic Prefix The reference signal sequence carries the cell identity Each reference signal sequence is generated as a symbol by symbol product of an orthogonal sequence r S three of them existing and a pseudo random sequence r 170 of them existing Each cell identity corresponds to a unique combination of one orthogonal sequence r and one pseudo random sequence r 5 allowing 510 different cell identities Frequency hopping can be applied to the downlink reference signals The frequency hopping pattern has a period of one frame 10 ms During cell search different types of information need to be identified by the handset symbol and radio frame timing frequency cell identification overall transmission band width antenna configuration and cyclic prefix length Besides the reference symbols synchronization signals are therefore needed during cell search EUTRA uses a hierarchical cell search scheme similar to WCDMA This means that the synchronization acquisition and the cell group identifier are obtained from differ ent synchronization signals Thus a primary synchronization signal P SYNC and a secondary synchronization signal S SYNC are assigned a predefined structure They are transmitted on the 72 center subcarriers around the DC subcarrier within the same predefined slots t
133. nd Result Displays Measuring the Power Over Time A Capture Memory dBm Ref 20 dBm AttvEl 0 00 0 00 dB 6 6 ms 0 0 msidiv Fig 4 2 Capture buffer after a zoom has been applied Remote command CALCulate lt n gt FEED PVT CBUF TRACe DATA Querying the subframe start offset FETCh SUMMary TFRame on page 105 On Off Power The On Off Power measurement shows the characteristics of an LTE TDD signal over time The measurement is designed to verify if the signal intervals during which no downlink signal is transmitted reception or off periods complies with the limits defined by 3GPP Because the transition from transmission on periods to reception has to be very fast in order to efficiently use the resources 3GPP has also defined limits for the transient periods The limits for these are also verified by the measurement The transition from transmission to reception is an issue in TDD systems Therefore the measurement is available for TDD signals power time 1 subframe on power period 2 transient 3 off power density limit 4 off power period User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 32 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays Measuring the Power Over Time Note that the measurement works only if you are using the RF input When you start the measurement the R amp S FSV records new UO data instead of using the data other UC measurements are based
134. nel Bandwidth Number of Resource Blocks Specifies the channel bandwidth and number of resource blocks RB User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 50 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement a UO ae ee ee ee ee ee ee General Settings The channel bandwidth and number of resource blocks RB are interdependent Cur rently the LTE standard recommends six bandwidths see table below The R amp S FSV also calculates the FFT size and sampling rate from the channel band width Those are read only Sample Rate MHz f 3 84 7 68 15 36 30 72 30 72 FFT Size 512 1024 2048 2048 Remote command CONFigure LTE DL BW on page 119 CONFigure LTE DL NORB on page 120 Cyclic Prefix The cyclic prefix serves as a guard interval between OFDM symbols to avoid interferen ces The standard specifies two cyclic prefix modes with a different length each The cyclic prefix mode defines the number of OFDM symbols in a slot e Normal A slot contains 7 OFDM symbols e Extended A slot contains 6 OFDM symbols The extended cyclic prefix is able to cover larger cell sizes with higher delay spread of the radio channel e Auto The application automatically detects the cyclic prefix mode in use Remote command CONFigure LTE DL CYCPrefix on page 119 5 2 2 Configuring the Input Level The level settings contain settings that control the input level of the analyzer The level settings are part of t
135. nformation see Channel Bandwidth Number of Resource Blocks on page 50 Remote command SENSe POWer ACHannel BANDwidth CHANnel2 on page 94 SENSe POWer ACHannel SPACing CHANnel on page 94 SENSe POWer ACHannel TXCHannels COUNt on page 94 5 5 Advanced General Settings The Advanced settings contain parameters to configure more complex measurement setups 5 5 1 Controlling UO Data The UO settings contain settings that control the 1 Q data flow The l Q settings are part of the Advanced Settings tab of the General Settings dialog box User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 59 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement Deeg Advanced General Settings General MIMO Advanced Trigger Spectrum IQ Settings Swap IQ Swap VO iar aaa eg a E aE a aAA ea E a E a ENEE 60 Swap UO Swaps the real I branch and the imaginary Q branch parts of the signal Remote command SENSe SWAPiq on page 128 5 5 2 Controlling the Input The input settings contain settings that control the input source The input settings are part of the Advanced Settings tab of the General Settings dialog box General MIMO Advanced Trigger Spectrum Input Settings Source RF Auto Level v4 Auto Level Track Time 100 ms Ref Level 10 dBm RF Attenuation 10 dB For more information on reference level see Defining a Reference Level on page 52 For more information on
136. ng a special allo cation that summarizes all allocations that are part of the subframe A set of allocations form a subframe The subframes are separated by a dashed line The columns of the table contain the following information The rows in the table represent the allocations A set of allocations form a subframe The subframes are separated by a dashed line The columns of the table contain the follwing information e Subframe Shows the subframe number e Allocation ID Shows the type ID of the allocation e Number of RB Shows the number of resource blocks assigned to the current PDSCH allocation e Rel Power dB Shows the relative power of the allocation e Modulation Shows the modulation type e Power per RE dBm Shows the power of each resource element in dBm User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 46 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays Measuring Statistics e EVM Shows the EVM of the allocation The unit depends on your selection Remote command CALCulate lt n gt FEED STAT ASUM TRACe DATA Bit Stream Starts the Bit Stream result display This result display shows the demodulated data stream for each data allocation Depend ing on the Bit Stream Format the numbers represent either bits bit order or symbols symbol order Selecting symbol format shows the bit stream as symbols In that case the bits belonging to one symbol are shown as hexadecimal numbers with two digits In the case
137. ntenna gt P o tee A iet diese 105 FETCHESUMMary IFRAME iner aieiai ani a EE EAE aT EEA EEEa EY S EE ER 105 FETCh CYCPrefix This command queries the cyclic prefix type that has been detected Return values lt PrefixType gt The command returns 1 if no valid result has been detected yet NORM Normal cyclic prefix length detected EXT Extended cyclic prefix length detected Example FETC CYCP Returns the current cyclic prefix length type Usage Query only FETCh PLC CIDGroup This command queries the cell identity group that has been detected Return values lt CidGroup gt The command returns 1 if no valid result has been detected yet Range 0 to 167 Example FETC PLC CIDG Returns the current cell identity group Usage Query only Manual operation See Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity on page 67 FETCh PLC PLID This command queries the cell identity that has been detected Return values lt Identity gt The command returns 1 if no valid result has been detected yet Range 0 to 2 Example FETC PLC PLID Returns the current cell identity Usage Query only Manual operation See Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity on page 67 FETCh SUMMary CRESt AVERage This command queries the average crest factor as shown in the result summary E User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 99 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands EES Remote Commands to Read Numeric Res
138. oding Also in EUTRA modulation and coding for the shared data channel is not fixed but rather is adapted according to radio link quality For this purpose the UE regularly reports channel quality indications CQI to the eNodeB e Hybrid automatic repeat request ARQ Downlink hybrid ARQ is also known from HSDPA It is a retransmission protocol The UE can request retransmissions of incorrectly received data packets 1 3 References 1 3GPP TS 25 913 Requirements for E UTRA and E UTRAN Release 7 2 3GPP TR 25 892 Feasibility Study for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDM for UTRAN enhancement Release 6 3 3GPP TS 36 211 v8 3 0 Physical Channels and Modulation Release 8 4 3GPP TS 36 300 E UTRA and E UTRAN Overall Description Stage 2 Release 8 N User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 14 References 5 3GPP TS 22 978 All IP Network AIPN feasibility study Release 7 6 3GPP TS 25 213 Spreading and modulation FDD 7 Speth M Fechtel S Fock G and Meyr H Optimum Receiver Design for Wireless Broad Band Systems Using OFDM Part I IEEE Trans on Commun Vol 47 1999 No 11 pp 1668 1677 8 Speth M Fechtel S Fock G and Meyr H Optimum Receiver Design for OFDM Based Broadband Transmission Part Il A Case Study IEEE Trans on Commun Vol 49 2001 No 4 pp 571 578 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Welcome Installing the Software 2 Welcome The EUTRA LTE softwa
139. of bit format each number represents one raw bit Symbols or bits that are not transmitted are represented by a If a symbol could not be decoded because the number of layers exceeds the number of receive antennas the application shows a sign B Bit Stream Sub Allocation Modulation Symbol Bit Stream frame ID Index 0 PBCH 0 02 00 O01 00 oz 000 uj PBCH 3 o PBCH o PBCH o PBCH O PBCH o PBCH o PBCH 0 PBCH i PBCH O PBCH 01 03 03 00 010 H H H H H DO O 03 01 01 OO O 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 e The table contains the following information e Subframe Number of the subframe the bits belong to e Allocation ID Channel the bits belong to e Codeword Code word of the allocation e Modulation Modulation type of the channels e Bit Symbol Index Shows the position of the table row s first bit or symbol within the complete stream e Bit Stream The actual bit stream Remote command CALCulate lt n gt FEED STAT BSTR TRACe DATA ES User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 47 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement REESEN Performing Measurements 5 Configuring and Performing the Measure ment Before you can start a measurement you have to configure the R amp S FSV in order to get valid measurement results This chapter contains detailed information on all settings available in the application You can access the two main settings d
140. onstellation Diagram Allocation Summary and Bit Stream If All is selected either the results from all subframes are displayed at once or a statistic is calculated over all analyzed subframes Selecting All either displays the results over all subframes or calculates a statistic over all subframes that have been analyzed User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 78 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Analyzing Measurement Results Defining Measurement Units Example Subframe selection If you select all subframes All the application shows three traces One trace shows the subframe with the minimum level characteristics the second trace shows the sub frame with the maximum level characteristics and the third subframe shows the averaged level characteristics of all subframes with Si e PK peak value e AV average value e MI minimum value If you select a specific subframe the application shows one trace This trace contains the results for that subframe only Remote command SENSe LTE SUBFrame SELect on page 144 6 2 Defining Measurement Units In the Units tab of the Measurement Settings dialog box you can select the unit for various measurement results EVM Unit Selects the unit for graphic and numerical EVM measurement results Possible units are dB and 95 Remote command UNIT EVM on page 145 6 3 Defining Various Measurement Parameters In the Misc tab of the Measurement Settin
141. option R amp S FSV B25 but not if R amp S FSV B17 is active Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example INP EATT AUTO ON Turns automatic selection of electronic attenuation level on SENSe POWer AUTO lt analyzer gt STATe State This command initiates a measurement that determines the ideal reference level Parameters State OFF Performs no automatic reference level detection ON Performs an automatic reference level detection before each mea surement ONCE Performs an automatic reference level once RST ON Example POW AUTO2 ON Activate auto level for analyzer number 2 Manual operation See Auto Level on page 49 See Defining a Reference Level on page 52 SS M User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 123 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands 8 7 1 3 Remote Commands to Configure the Application SENSe POWer AUTO lt analyzer gt TIME lt Time gt This command defines the track time for the auto level process Parameters lt Time gt lt numeric value gt RST 100 ms Default unit s Example POW AUTO TIME 200ms An auto level track time of 200 ms gets set Manual operation See Defining a Reference Level on page 52 Configuring the Data Capture GENSSTLUTEIERAMeCOUN center ttt tentent ttt tnnt tts dts 124 SENSe L TE FRAMe COUNEAUTO center tenete tette tent ttt tedesca 124 SENSe L TE FRAMe COUNESTATe eee ttt tentent teta
142. order to increase data rate and capacity for downlink packet data In the next step high speed uplink packet access HSUPA will boost uplink performance in UMTS networks While HSDPA was introduced as a 3GPP Release 5 feature HSUPA is an important feature of 3GPP Release 6 The combination of HSDPA and HSUPA is often referred to as HSPA However even with the introduction of HSPA the evolution of UMTS has not reached its end HSPA will bring significant enhancements in 3GPP Release 7 The objective is to enhance the performance of HSPA based radio networks in terms of spectrum efficiency peak data rate and latency and to exploit the full potential of WCDMAbased 5 MHz operation Important features of HSPA are downlink multiple input multiple output MIMO higher order modulation for uplink and downlink improvements of layer 2 pro tocols and continuous packet connectivity In order to ensure the competitiveness of UMTS for the next 10 years and beyond con cepts for UMTS long term evolution LTE have been investigated The objective is a high data rate low latency and packet optimized radio access technology Therefore a study item was launched in 3GPP Release 7 on evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access EUTRA and evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access network EUTRAN LTE EUTRA will then form part of 3GPP Release 8 core specifications This introduction focuses on LTE EUTRA technology In the following the terms LTE or EUTRA are use
143. ormation also see Auto Gating in the Spectrum tab of the General Set tings dialog box Configuring ihe rte 55 Configuring the Trigger A trigger allows you to capture those parts of the signal that you are really interested in While the R amp S FSV runs freely and analyzes all signal data in its default state no matter if the signal contains information or not a trigger initiates a measurement only under certain circumstances the trigger event The R amp S FSV supports several trigger modes or sources e Free Run Starts the measurement immediately and measures continuously e External The trigger event is the level of an external trigger signal The measurement starts when this signal meets or exceeds a specified trigger level at the Ext Trigger Gate input e IF Power The trigger event is the IF power level The measurement starts when the IF power meets or exceeds a specified power trigger level e RF Power The trigger event is the RF power level The measurement starts when a signal out side of the measured channel meets or exceeds a certain level at the first intermediate frequency The level range is from 50 dBm to 10 dBm The corresponding trigger level at the RF input is The RF Power trigger is available with detector board 1307 9554 02 Rev 05 00 or higher It is not available for measurements with the digital UO interface R amp S FSV B17 e Power Sensor The trigger event is a specified level measured by a p
144. ormation see Channel Bandwidth Number of Resource Blocks on page 50 The x axis represents the frequency On the y axis the power level is plotted Ml User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 41 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays Measuring the Spectrum B Power Spectrum dBrn Hz 1 54 MHzidiv Remote command CALCulate lt screenid gt FEED SPEC PSPE TRACe DATA Power vs Resource Block PDSCH Starts the Power vs Resource Block PDSCH result display This result display shows the power of the physical downlink shared channel per resource block By default three traces are shown One trace shows the average power The second and the third trace show the minimum and maximum powers respectively You can select to display the power for a specific subframe in the Subframe Selection dialog box In that case the application shows the powers of that subframe only The x axis represents the resource blocks The displayed number of resource blocks depends on the channel bandwidth or number of resource blocks you have set On the y axis the power is plotted in dBm B Power vs RB PDSCH dBm Remote command CALCulate lt n gt FEED SPEC PVRP TRACe DATA Power vs Resource Block RS Starts the Power vs Resource Block RS result display This result display shows the power of the reference signal per resource block o UMM User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 42 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink M
145. ower sensor The measurement starts when a power sensor measurement meets certain conditions The power sensor as a trigger source is available with option R amp S FSV K9 and a connected power sensor You can define a power level for an external IF power RF power or power sensor trigger User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 55 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement REESEN Configuring MIMO Setups The name and contents of the Power Level field depend on the selected trigger mode It is available only in combination with the corresponding trigger mode The measurement starts as soon as the trigger event happens It may become necessary to start the measurement some time after the trigger event In that case define a trigger offset ortrigger delay The trigger offset is the time that should pass between the trigger event and the start of the measurement The trigger offset may be a negative time The trigger offset is then called a pretrigger The trigger offset is available for all trigger modes except free run A trigger event usually is a certain level value The trigger hysteresis defines a distance to the trigger level that the input signal must stay below in order to fulfill the trigger con dition If you want to have a minimum time between indivudual measurements set a trigger holdoff A trigger holdoff defines a waiting period that must at least pass between one trigger event and the next Remo
146. ownlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement a ee ee ee a ee ee ee ee ee Se General Settings RF attenuation is independent of the reference level It is available if automatic reference level detection is inactive The range is from 0 dB to 75 dB Remote command RF attenuation INPut lt n gt ATTenuation lt analyzer gt on page 122 External attenuation DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe RLEVel OFFSet on page 122 5 2 3 Configuring the Data Capture The data capture settings contain settings that control the amount of data and the way that the application records the LTE signal The data capture settings are part of the General tab of the General Settings dialog box MIMO Advanced Trigger Spectrum Data Capture Settings Capture Time 40 1 ms Overall Frame Count Num Frames to Analyze 1 Auto Acc to Standard Gapture Ni EE 53 Overall Frane CoU EE 53 Number of Frames to Analyze eiieecceeeeeteeennee kennen k aka nna tnn ka Ada dan nn a EEN 54 Auto According to Ofaldalid TT 54 Capture Time Defines the capture time The capture time corresponds to the time of one sweep Hence it defines the amount of data the application captures during one sweep By default the application captures 20 1 ms of data to make sure that at least one com plete LTE frame is captured in one sweep Remote command SENSe SWEep TIME on page 125 Overall Frame Count Turn
147. p Delay For the Channel Group Delay result display the command returns one value for each trace point lt group delay gt The unit is always ns The number of values depends on the selected LTE bandwidth The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 Returns the group delay User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 109 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands Remote Commands to Read Trace Data 8 6 1 9 Constellation Diagram For the Constellation Diagram the command returns two values for each constellation point lt I SFO Symb0 Carrier1 gt lt Q SFO SymbO Carrier1 gt lt I SFO SymbO Carrier n gt lt Q SFO Symb0 Carrier n gt lt I SFO Symb1 Carrier1 gt lt Q SFO Symb1 Carrier1 gt lt I SFO Symb1 Carrier n gt O SFO Symb1 Carrier n gt lt I SFO Symb n Carrier1 gt lt Q SFO Symb n Carrier1 gt lt I SFO Symb n Carrier n gt Q SF0 Symb n Carrier n gt lt I SF1 Symb0 Carrier1 gt Q SF 1 SymbO Carrier1 lt I SF1 Symb0 Carrier n gt Q SF1 Symb0 Carrier n gt lt I SF1 Symb1 Carrier1 gt lt Q SF1 Symb1 Carrier1 gt lt I SF1 Symb1 Carrier n gt O SF1 Symb1 Carrier n gt lt I SF n Symb n Carrier1 gt lt Q SF n Symb n Carrier1 gt lt I SF n Symb n Carrier n gt lt Q SF n Symb n Carrier n gt With SF subframe and Symb symbol of that subframe The
148. physical channels Note that this setting gives you an offset to all other relative power settings Remote command CONFigure LTE DL REFSig POWer on page 139 5 8 3 Configuring the Synchronization Signal The synchronization signal settings contain settings to describe the physical attributes and structure of the synchronization signal The synchronization signal settings are part of the Downlink Adv Sig Config tab of the Demodulation Settings dialog box User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 72 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement Eh Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics DL Demod DL Frame Config ORTH Synchronisation Signal P S SYNC Tx Antenna All P SYNC Rel Power 0 dB S SYNC Rel Power 0 dB PaS SYNO IX Amehld cune eite esce eb cete ccce ec E EUR ake 73 P SYNG Relative POWT ER 73 S SYNC Relative E 73 P S SYNC Tx Antenna Selects the antenna that transmits the P SYNC and the S SYNC When selecting the antenna you implicitly select the synchronization method If the selected antenna transmits no synchronization signal the application uses the reference signal to synchronize Note that automatic cell ID detection is not available if synchroni zation is based on the reference signal Remote command CONFigure LTE DL SYNC ANTenna on page 139 P SYNC Relative Power Defines the power of the P SYNC signals relative to the reference signal Remote command
149. pplication compares the demodulated LTE frame to the cus tomized configuration If the PDSCH Subframe Configuration Detection is not turned off the application analyzes the frame only if both configurations are the same Remote command SENSe LTE Db DEMod AUTO on page 130 PDSCH Subframe Configuration Detection Selects the method of identifying the PDSCH resource allocation e Off Uses the user configuration to demodulate the PDSCH subframe If the user config uration does not match the frame that was measured a bad EVM will result e PDCCH protocol Sets the PDSCH configuration according to the data in the protocol of the PDCCH DCls e Physical detection The physical detection is based on power and modulation detection Physical detection makes measurements on TDD E TMs without a 20 ms trigger signal possible User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 63 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement ee CO Lt a aa ee Configuring Downlink Signal Demodulation For more information on automatic demodulation see Auto PDSCH Demodulation on page 63 Remote command SENSe LTE DL FORMat PSCD on page 132 Boosting Estimation Turns boosting estimation on and off If active the R amp S FSV automatically sets the relative power settings of all physical chan nels and the P S SYNC by analyzing the signal Remote command SENSe LTE Db DEMod BESTimation on pa
150. rame Gandwith 3 Mez or 15 Resource Socks Remote command Configurable Subframes CONFigure LTE DL CSUBframes on page 136 Used Allocations CONFigure LTE DL SUBFrame subframe ALCount on page 136 Modulation CONFigure LTE DL SUBFramecsubframe ALLoc allocation CW lt Cwnum gt MODulation on page 137 Number of RB CONFigure LTE DL SUBFrame lt subframe gt ALLoc lt allocation gt RBCount on page 137 Offset RB CONFigure LTE DL SUBFrame lt subframe gt ALLoc lt allocation gt RBOFfset on page 138 Power CONFigure LTE DL SUBFrame lt subframe gt ALLoc lt allocation gt POWer on page 137 5 8 Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics The downlink advanced signal characteristics contain settings that describe the detailed structure of a downlink LTE signal You can find the advanced signal characteristics in the Demod Settings dialog box 5 8 4 Defining the PDSCH Resource Block Symbol Offset The PDSCH Resource Block PRB symbol offset is part of the global settings in the Downlink Adv Sig Config tab of the Demodulation Settings dialog box DL Demod DL Frame Config Global Settings PRB Symbol Offset Auto PCFICH Izisi b dne e 72 I User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 71 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement a Se ee ae a ee ee ee m Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics PRB Symbol Offset PRB
151. re application makes use of the UO capture functionality of the following spectrum and signal analyzers to enable EUTRA LTE TX measurements con forming to the EUTRA specification e R amp S FSV This manual contains all information necessary to configure perform and analyze such measurements e Installing the SOFWEFO reete eer eder bore eee ru eee eas 16 e Application Cverview eene n nennen nn nenna menneen ennn 16 LEE o Pc 18 2 1 Installing the Software For information on the installation procedure see the release notes of the R amp S FSV 2 2 Application Overview Starting the application Access the application via the Mode menu gt Press the MODE key and select LTE Note that you may have to browse through the Mode menu with the More softkey to find the LTE entry Presetting the software When you first start the software all settings are in their default state After you have changed any parameter you can restore the default state with the PRESET key CONFigure PRESet on page 151 Elements and layout of the user interface The user interface of the LTE measurement application is made up of several elements _L_L__L___SS EC I C e S 1 LLLLLILIB S User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 16 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Welcome P BEES S E Application Overview LII v 1 GHz Meas Setup 17TXx1RX Ext Att 0 dB Settings 2 E 50 RB 1
152. riable and is defined as a TX offset The TX channels are labeled CO and CuO in the diagram In case of two TX channels the lower adjacent channels cl1 and cl2 are to the left of the first TX channel The upper adjacent channels cu1 and cu2 are to the right of the second TX channel The x axis represents the frequency with a frequency span that relates to the specified EUTRA LTE channel and adjacent bandwidths On the y axis the power is plotted in dBm By default the ACLR settings are based on the selected LTE Channel Bandwidth You can change the assumed adjacent channel carrier type and the Noise Correction on page 59 B Adj Chan Leakage Power Assumed ACC EUTRA same B HCORR OFF RBW 100 00 kHz VBW 1 00 MHz SWT 500 00 ms IT 5 15 MHz div The power for the TX channel is an absolute value in dBm The power of the adjacent channels are values relative to the power of the TX channel In case of two TX channels the power of the adjacent channels to the left of the TX channels are values relative to the power of the left TX channel The power of the adjacent channels on the right of the TX channels are values relative to the power of the right TX channel In addition the ACLR measurement results are also tested against the limits defined by 3GPP In the diagram the limits are represented by horizontal red lines ACLR table A table above the result display contains information about the measurement in numerical for
153. rical Results ciini cerne eade SEENEN EEENEEdEE Eegen 28 Measuring the Power Over Titme cseeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeneeseeeeseessneeeseeeeeeeeseenensees 31 Measuring the Error Vector Magnitude EVM esee 34 Measuring the Spectrum eeeeeeseeeeeenene nnne nennen nennt nnne n nnns 38 Frequency Sweep Measurements eerte 38 e d IET III Rm 41 Measuring the Symbol Constellation eeeeeeeeennnnnn n 44 User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 3 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Contents 4 6 5 1 5 2 5 2 1 5 2 2 5 2 3 5 2 4 5 2 5 5 3 5 4 5 4 1 5 4 2 5 4 3 5 5 5 5 1 5 5 2 5 5 3 5 6 5 6 1 5 6 2 5 6 3 5 7 5 7 1 5 7 2 5 7 3 5 8 5 8 1 5 8 2 5 8 3 5 8 4 6 1 Measuring Statistics crei Lee eee bun dece rana a aae ck aca Rn aae e ann nne a ARE 45 Configuring and Performing the Measurement 48 Performing Measurements esee nennen nennt innen nnn nnn nennen 48 General Settings E 49 Defining Signal Characteristics esssesennne emnes 49 Configuring the Input Level creed rere enn ep ccc tede vse ede nee 51 Configuring the Data Capture eene enne nnns 53 Configuring On Off Power Measurement eene 54 Triggering Measurements 1cccccceececcdedevtnecencaccccnteeeeceecdcuteensecseedenneesecceddecennedeaceedentrese 55 Configuring MIMO Setups
154. rier for the ACLR measurement The supported types are EUTRA of same bandwidth 1 28 Mcps UTRA 3 84 Mcps UTRA and 7 68 Mcps UTRA User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 58 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement a ee O a eS ee eS Advanced General Settings Note that not all combinations of LTE Channel Bandwidth settings and Assumed Adj Channel Carrier settings are defined in the 3GPP standard Remote command SENSe POWer ACHannel AACHannel on page 93 Noise Correction Turns noise correction on and off For more information see the manual of the R amp S FSV Note that the input attenuator makes a clicking noise after each sweep if you are using the noise correction in combination with the auto leveling process Remote command SENSe POWer NCORrection on page 95 Sweep Time Defines a sweep time for ACLR measurements A longer sweep time may increase the probability that the measured value converges to the true value of the adjacent channel power but obviously increases measurement time Number of TX Channels Defines the number of transmission TX channels to include in ACLR measurements Measurements on one or two TX channels are supported For measurements on two TX channels you can additionally define the bandwidth of the second TX channel and the distance between the two TX channels For the second TX channel you can select the bandwidths as defined by 3GPP For more i
155. rocess it with other external tools or for support purposes Lae SSS SSS SEZ User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 84 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink File Management BEE 7 2 SAVE RECALL Key UO data can be formatted either in binary form or as ASCII files The data is linearly scaled using the unit Volt e g if a correct display of Capture Buffer power is required For binary format data is expected as 32 bit floating point data Little Endian format also known as LSB Order or Intel format An example for binary data would be 0x1D86E7BB in hexadecimal notation is decoded to 7 0655481E 3 The order of the data is either IQIQIQ or II IQQ Q For ASCII format data is expected as and Q values in alternating rows separated by new lines lt I value 1 gt lt Q value 1 gt lt I value 2 lt Q value 2 gt To use data that has been stored externally press the File Manager softkey in the root menu of the application Select the file you want to load and activate it with the Load IQ Data button SAVE RECALL Key Besides the file manager in the root menu you can also manage the data via the SAVE RECALL key The corresponding menu offers full functionality for saving restoring and managing the files on the R amp S FSV The save recall menu is the same as that of the spectrum mode For details on the softkeys and handling ofthis file manager refer to the operating manual of the R amp S FSV REEL OT EU RU E SSS User
156. rols whether the first or second bit is applied e Number of RB Defines the number of resource blocks the allocation covers The number of resource blocks defines the size or bandwidth of the allocation If you allocate too many resource blocks compared to the bandwidth you have set the R amp S FSV will show an error message in the Conflicts column and the Error in Subframes field e Offset RB Sets the resource block at which the allocation begins A wrong offset for any allocation would lead to an overlap of allocations In that case the application will show an error message e Power dB Sets the boosting of the allocation Boosting is the allocation s power relative to the reference signal power e Conflict In case of a conflict the application shows the type of conflict and the ID of the allo cations that are affected Possible conflicts are bandwidth error BW A bandwidth error occurs when the number of resource blocks in the subframe exceeds the bandwidth you have set Number of Albcations lt 6 Subtrame Bandwidth 3 Mrz or 15 Resource Blocks RB overlap errors An RB overlap error occurs if one or more allocations overlap In that case check if the length and offset values of the allocations are correct User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 70 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement Deeg Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics Number of Albcations lt 6 Subf
157. rreur Credere ne created Eet 142 GONFISgurebETEEDEISPHIOIEMIEM arteria u E Ye d e 142 CONFigure L TED PHiChNGbarameter enne 143 CONFigure E TEEDEIPHICIINOGROUDS 1st cie erra eher edad ee ENEE 143 CONFIguebETEEDESPHIOEEPONVI ANESEC SEENEN 143 CONFigure L TE DL PBCH POWer Power This command defines the relative power of the PBCH Parameters Power numeric value RST 0 dB Default unit DB Example CONF DL PBCH POW 1 1 Sets the relative power to 1 1 dB Manual operation See PBCH Relative Power on page 74 CONFigure L TE DL PBCH STAT State This command turns the PBCH on and off Parameters State ON OFF RST ON User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 140 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands REENEN Remote Commands to Configure the Application Example CONF DL PBCH STAT ON Activates the PBCH Manual operation See PBCH Present on page 74 CONFigure L TE DL PCFich POWer Power This command defines the relative power of the PCFICH Parameters Power numeric value RST 0 dB Default unit DB Example CONF DL PCF POW 0 Sets the relative power to 0 dB Manual operation See PCFICH Relative Power on page 74 CONFigure L TE DL PCFich STAT State This command turns the PCFICH on and off Parameters State ON OFF RST ON Example CONF DL PCF STAT ON Activates the PCFICH Manual operation See PCFICH Present on page 74 CONFig
158. rum measurements ACLR and SEM in particular 5 4 1 General ACLR and SEM Configuration The gate settings settings are part of the Spectrum tab of the General Settings dialog box General Advanced Trigger SEM ACLR Settings Auto Gating Span Auto Span 35 MHz TR e e DEE 57 vor PEE 57 Auto Gating Turns gating for SEM and ACLR measurements on and off If on the software evaluates the on periods of an LTE TDD signal only The software determines the location and length of the on period from the TDD UL DL Allocations and the Configuration of the Special Subframe Auto gating is available for TDD measurements in combination with an external or IF power trigger If you are using an external trigger the DUT has to send an LTE frame trigger Remote command SENSe SWEep EGATe AUTO on page 95 Span Defines the frequency span that is displayed in the frequency sweep result displays SEM and ACLR When the Auto Span is on the application automatically calculates the ideal span for the measured signal The ideal span for the signal depends on the channel bandwidth that you have selected LEE User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 57 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement a O ee a a eee ee es Configuring Spectrum Measurements Alternatively you can define the span manually when you turn the Auto Span off When you define the span manually you can ent
159. s lt Unit gt SYMbols Displays the bit stream using symbols BITs Displays the bit stream using bits RST SYMbols Example UNIT BSTR BIT Bit stream gets displayed using Bits Manual operation See Bit Stream Format on page 79 UNIT EVM Unit This command selects the EVM unit Parameters Unit DB EVM results returned in dB PCT EVM results returned in 96 RST PCT Example UNIT EVM PCT EVM results to be returned in 96 Manual operation See EVM Unit on page 79 Marker and Delta Marker e Using MAKES neri ai nad ad edd e Using Delta Mame rs ciccic5sccccciaiccsccstascccanecereaieavdaraansngdeaaacandecaiaatente Using Markers CAL Culate nz MAkercmzAOEE see nnn nnns nnne annus CALCulate n MARKer m MAXimum PEAK eese CALCulate n MARKer m MlINimum PEAK eene CAL Culate nz MAbkercmztGTATel ee CAL Culate cnz MAbker mz TRACe EEN CAL ef E EE CALCulate n MARKer mo tY i eieeeee iaia a Ea CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt AOFF This command turns all markers and delta markers off Suffix lt m gt 1 User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 T 147 mnm 147 145 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands mA ee Analyzing Measurement Results Example CALC MARK AOFF Turns off all markers Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum PEAK
160. s 125 SENSe SWEep TIME ecce ettettntnntttetttenettte tet tette tete sets rera 125 SENSe LTE FRAMe COUNt lt Subframes gt This command sets the number of frames you want to analyze Parameters lt Subframes gt lt numeric value gt RST 1 Example FRAM COUN STAT ON Activates manual input of frames to be analyzed FRAM COUN 20 Analyzes 20 frames Manual operation See Number of Frames to Analyze on page 54 SENSe LTE FRAMe COUNt AUTO State This command turns automatic selection of the number of frames to analyze on and off Parameters lt State gt ON Selects the number of frames to analyze according to the LTE standard OFF Turns manual selection of the frame number on Example FRAM COUN AUTO ON Turns automatic selection of the analyzed frames on Manual operation See Auto According to Standard on page 54 N User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 124 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands 8 7 1 4 Remote Commands to Configure the Application SENSe L TE FRAMe COUNt STATe State This command turns manual selection of the number of frames you want to analyze on and off Parameters State ON You can set the number of frames to analyze OFF The R amp S FSV analyzes a single sweep RST ON Example FRAM COUN STAT ON Turns manual setting of number of frames to analyze on Manual operation See Overall Frame Count on page 53 SENSe SWEep TIME
161. s div Remote command CALCulate lt n gt FEED EVM EVSY TRACe DATA Frequency Error vs Symbol Starts the Frequency Error vs Symbol result display This result display shows the Frequency Error on symbol level You can use it as a debugging technique to identify any frequency errors within symbols The result is an average over all subcarriers LEE User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 36 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays Measuring the Error Vector Magnitude EVM The x axis represents the OFDM symbols with each symbol represented by a dot on the line The number of displayed symbols depends on the Subframe Selection and the length of the cyclic prefix Any missing connections from one dot to another mean that the R amp S FSV could not determine the frequency error for that symbol On the y axis the frequency error is plotted in Hz B Freq Error vs Symbol Hz pu NES LENN RENI ES peo ES EE EE ee ENSE JI TI u 10 Symbols div Remote command CALCulate lt n gt FEED EVM FEVS TRACe DATA EVM vs Subframe Starts the EVM vs Subframe result display This result display shows the Error Vector Magnitude EVM for each subframe You can use it as a debugging technique to identify a subframe whose EVM is too high The result is an average over all subcarriers and symbols of a specific subframe The x axis represents the subframes with the number of displayed subframes being 10 On the y ax
162. s information about the format ofthe PDCCH You can include or exclude the PCFICH in the test setup and define the relative power of this channel DL Demod DL Frame Config ORTH PCFICH Present Bi Rel Power 0 dB PCFICH Present Includes or excludes the PCFICH from the test setup Remote command CONFigure LTE DL PCFich STAT on page 141 PCFICH Relative Power Defines the power of the PCFICH relative to the reference signal Remote command CONFigure LTE DL PCFich POWer on page 141 5 8 4 3 Configuring the PHICH The physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel PHICH contains the hybrid ARQ indicator The hybrid ARQ indicator contains the acknowledgement negative acknowledgments for uplink blocks You can set several specific parameters for the PHICH N User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 74 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement a ee ee ee a ee ee Se eS Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics Turning off the PHICH If you set the value of the PHICH Ng to Custom and at the same time define 0 PHICH groups the PHICH is excluded from the signal DL Demod DL Frame Config IRC eet 5 PHICH Duration Normal TDD m_i 1 E TM PHICH N_g 1 6 Number of Groups 0 Rel Power 3 01 dB PHICH Duration Selects the duration of the PHICH Normal and extended duration are supported With a normal duration all resource element groups of the PHICH are allocated on the fir
163. s the manual selection of the number of frames to capture and analyze on and off If the overall frame count is active you can define a particular number of frames to capture and analyze The measurement runs until all required frames have been analyzed even if it takes more than one sweep The results are an average of the captured frames If the overall frame count is inactive the R amp S FSV analyzes all complete LTE frames currently in the capture buffer Remote command SENSe LTE FRAMe COUNt STATe on page 125 E User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 53 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement a ee ee ee a ee ee ee eS General Settings Number of Frames to Analyze Sets the number of frames that you want to capture and analyze If the number of frames you have set last longer than a single sweep the R amp S FSV continues the measurement until all frames have been captured The parameter is read only if e the overall frame count is inactive e the data is captured according to the standard Remote command SENSe LTE FRAMe COUNt on page 124 Auto According to Standard Turns automatic selection of the number of frames to capture and analyze on and off If active the R amp S FSV evaluates the number of frames as defined for EVM tests in the LTE standard If inactive you can set the number of frames you want to analyze This parameter is not available if the o
164. se aa aaa iaaa 102 FE TCh SUMMarv GlM alancel AVERagel nennen enne renes 102 FEICh SUMMarnydOOFISeb MAXIRWINU TE 103 ai le BT Eiere dn EE 103 FETCh SUMMary IQOFfset AVERage cesses nennen nennen nnne 103 FEICh SUMMany OS TPIMUAXIRIS 2 sod uaauu ad ee eee nde et rn at benc exu e add dere Ana RED deu aaa 103 FETCh SUMMaryiOS TP IMINIPOYHI 2 cs cs cea toner erue ace E KAES 103 FETIGWySUNMMaroSTPDAVERSUS etaient te Reti bre etn E Rohre no eoa oc e Re o eene 103 FETCh SUMMary POWer MAXimum eeesssssseeseeeeene nennen nennen nnentrrn reni h tinte nns 103 FEFCh SUMManPOWerMIBIIUNE auaccccc aiir ee ca cce te aee edet a abu Rc Peace tpa a 103 FETChSUMMary POWerpAVERGagOSI dein EA SEENEN 103 FETCh SUMMary QUADerror MAXimum cessisse ener ennt nnn tnnnenrn rennen 104 FETCh SUMManyQUADerOF MINI AER tanh ENEE e y Reden e aiaa aa 104 FETCh SUMMary QUADerror AVERage erroe oie tete ener raten ek rade EEEa 104 a ler ee TE En MAXIMUM EE 104 FETCHISUMMary RS PPIMINIUEOS E 104 FETCh SUMMaryRSTP AVERage l irri eene cree aa eot eee ata adito EE ER E i ede 104 La ler ee TEE e EE 104 FETChiSUMMarytSERRGEMININRUFI iie erae ree rh rna nen ota p aeo xe Eu Rn EEN 104 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands REESEN Remote Commands to Read Numeric Results FETCh SUMMary SERRor AVERage ecce tn te etttttettoti 104 FEICh SUMMary TAE lt a
165. signal attenuation see Attenuating the Signal on page 52 selecing the Input ee 60 Selecting the Input Source The input source selects the source of the data you d like to analyze You can either analyze a live signal or a signal that has been recorded previously and whose charac teristics have been saved to a file You can select the input source from the Source dropdown menu e RF Captures and analyzes the data from the RF input of the spectrum analyzer in use e Baseband BB Captures and analyzes the data from the baseband input of the spectrum analyzer in use e Digital UO Captures and analyzes the data from the digital baseband input of the spectrum ana lyzer in use The digital baseband input is available with option R amp S FSV B17 EN User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 60 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement REESEN Configuring Downlink Signal Demodulation For more information on using hardware option R amp S FSV B17 see the manual of the R amp S FSV Remote command INPut SELect on page 128 5 5 3 Configuring the Digital UO Input The digital UO settings contain settings that configure the digital UO input The digital UO settings are part of the Advanced Settings tab of the General Set tings dialog box General MIMO Advanced Trigger Spectrum Baseband Digital Settings Input Data Rate 10 MHz Full Scale Level LN Sampling Rate input Data Rate
166. sssssssseeeee EVM Calculation Method EXUAI ee eher Ee EtequenCcy iecore rebns rev de pee prit ene bd eus Full Scale Level L eu E multicarrier filter Number of RB ice m iege peC PDSCH reference data D PDSCH subframe detection uesssssse 63 Phase PHICH T S PRB symbol EE 72 P SYNC relative power eee eee cee eeeeeeeneeeeeeeees 73 Ref Level relative DOWeF eren nter treten 72 Scrambling of coded bits ssseeeesssssse 62 Selected Subframe Pelo P cR S SYNC relative power eee eects rene eee eens 73 Standard KI Tem aR TaK 60 TDD UL DL Allocations eene 66 Timing SS A rigger ET WE 55 Jirigget mode acude ro en omnet ene rr re Seinen ae 55 Trigger offset ve Used Allocations ssiscsetironoine esnean inserire 68 Softkey Const Selectiori iater re erre Pea eter ted 80 Marker 1 eis Source Input WEE 60 Spectru tri MaSK ier rentrer re repr 38 Standard Selection e 90 Status Bar 2 iecit ette et eee 17 Subframe Configuration Table 68 Su bframoe Ce 68 Suffixes Remote commande sse 88 Swap De 60 T TDD UL DL Allocations eee 66 Timing EMO es cae 65 Hee 17 Trigger level iD Tigger Mode EU 55 Tigger OMS CU RETE TT 55 U Used Allocations og eeegkerseek gue aeneae 68 Usin
167. st OFDM symbol With an extended duration the resource element groups of the PHICH are distributed over three OFDM symbols for a normal subframe or over two symbols within a special subframe If you select Auto the duration of PHICH is automatically determined and based on the PBCH decoding results Note that you have to turn on the PBCH for an automatic detetemination of the PHICH duration Remote command CONFigure LTE DL PHICh DURation on page 142 PHICH TDD m_i 1 E TM Turns the special setting of the PHICH for the enhanced test models on and off The special setting is defined in 36 141 V9 0 0 6 1 2 6 For frame structure type 2 the factor m_i shall not be set as per TS36 211 Table 6 9 1 but instead shall be set to m_i 1 for all transmitted subframes The parameter is available if you have selected TDD Remote command CONFigure LTE DL PHICh MITM on page 142 PHICH N g Sets the variable N Ng in combination with the number of resource blocks defines the number of PHICH groups in a downlink subframe The standard specifies several values for N that you can select from the dropdown menu User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 75 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement Deet Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics If you need a customized configuration you can set the number of PHICH groups in a subframe by selecting the Custom menu item and set a number of PHICH groups
168. t depends on UNIT EVM The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 8 6 1 13 Frequency Error vs Symbol For the Frequency Error vs Symbol result display the command returns one value for each OFDM symbol that has been analyzed lt frequency error gt The unit is always Hz The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 8 6 1 14 On Off Power For the On Off Power measurement the number and type of return values depend on the parameter e TRACE1 Returns the power for the Off power regions lt absolute power gt The unit is always dBm e TRACE2 Returns the power for the transient regions lt absolute power gt The unit is always dBm T User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 111 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands 88 IP 8 6 1 15 8 6 1 16 8 6 1 17 Remote Commands to Read Trace Data e LIST Returns the contents of the On Off Power table For each line it returns seven values lt off period start limit gt lt off period stop limit gt lt time at delta to limit gt lt absolute off power gt lt distance to limit gt lt falling transient period gt lt rising transient period gt The unit for the lt absolute off power gt is dBm The unit for the lt distance to limit is dB The unit for the transient periods is us All other values have the unit s Power Spectrum For the Power Spectrum result display the command returns one value for each trace point l
169. t multicast services MBMS MBMS shall be further enhanced and is then referred to as E MBMS e Costs Reduced CAPEX and OPEX including backhaul shall be achieved Costef fective migration from Release 6 UTRA radio interface and architecture shall be pos sible Reasonable system and terminal complexity cost and power consumption shall be ensured All the interfaces specified shall be open for multivendor equipment interoperability e Mobility The system should be optimized for low mobile speed 0 to 15 km h but higher mobile speeds shall be supported as well including high speed train environ ment as a special case e Spectrum allocation Operation in paired frequency division duplex FDD mode and unpaired spectrum time division duplex TDD mode is possible e Co existence Co existence in the same geographical area and co location with GERAN UTRAN shall be ensured Also co existence between operators in adjacent bands as well as cross border co existence is a requirement e Quality of Service End to end quality of service QoS shall be supported VoIP should be supported with at least as good radio and backhaul efficiency and latency as voice traffic over the UMTS circuit switched networks e Network synchronization Time synchronization of different network sites shall not be mandated User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 8 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Introduction Long Term Evolution Downlink Transmission Scheme 1
170. t nep ENNEN 133 CONFigure LTE DL MIMO CROSstalk State This command turns MIMO crosstalk compensation on and off Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example CONF DL MIMO CROS ON Turns crosstalk compensation on Manual operation See Compensate Crosstalk on page 65 E User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 133 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands 8 7 5 8 7 5 1 8 7 5 2 Remote Commands to Configure the Application Configuring Downlink Frames Configuring TDD Signals CON Figure PETE DLE TOD EE 134 GONFigure it TEP DLITDDIUDGONE iineoa etra cuente tete de tiber eter a ERO ce euo 134 CONFigure L TE DL TDD SPSC Configuration Selects the configuration of a TDD special subframe Parameters Configuration numeric value Numeric value that defines the subframe configuration Subframe configurations 7 and 8 are only available if the cyclic prefix is normal Range 0 to 8 RST 0 Example CONF DL CYCP NORM Selects normal cyclic prefix CONF DL TDD SPSC 7 Selects subframe configuration 7 available only with a normal cyclic prefix Manual operation See Configuring TDD Frames on page 66 CONFigure L TE DL TDD UDConf Configuration This command selects the UL DL subframe configuration for downlink signals Parameters Configuration Range 0 to 6 RST 0 Example CONF DL TDD UDC 2 Selects allocation configuration number 2 Manual operation See Configurin
171. t power gt The unit is always dBm Hz The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 Power vs RB RS For the Power vs RB RS the command returns one value for each resource block of the reference signal that has been analyzed lt absolute power gt The unit is always dBm The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 Returns the average power over all subframes e TRACE2 Returns the minimum power found over all subframes If you are analyzing a partic ular subframe it returns nothing e TRACE3 Returns the maximum power found over all subframes If you are analyzing a partic ular subframe it returns nothing Power vs RB PDSCH For the Power vs RB PDSCH the command returns one value for each resource block of the PDSCH that has been analyzed lt absolute power gt The unit is always dBm The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 N User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 112 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands Remote Commands to Read Trace Data Returns the average power over all subframes e TRACE2 Returns the minimum power found over all subframes If you are analyzing a partic ular subframe it returns nothing e TRACE3 Returns the maximum power found over all subframes If you are analyzing a partic ular subframe it returns nothing 8 6 1 18 Spectrum Emission Mask For the SEM measurement the number and type of returns values depend on the param eter e TRACE
172. t spectral line O normalized to the total transmitted power FETCh SUMMary IQOFfset AVERage on page 103 UO Gain Imbalance Shows the logarithm of the gain ratio of the Q channel to the I channel FETCh SUMMary GIMBalance AVERage on page 102 UO Quadrature Error Shows the measure of the phase angle between Q channel and l channel deviating from the ideal 90 degrees FETCh SUMMary QUADerror AVERage on page 104 RSTP Shows the reference signal transmit power as defined in 3GPP TS 36 141 It is required for the DL RS Power test It is an average power and accumulates the powers of the reference symbols within a subframe divided by the number of reference symbols within a subframe FETCh SUMMary RSTP AVERage on page 104 OSTP Shows the OFDM symbol transmit power as defined in 3GPP TS 36 141 It accumulates all subcarrier powers of the 4th OFDM symbol The 4th out of 14 OFDM symbols within a subframe in case of frame type 1 normal CP length con tains exclusively PDSCH FETCh SUMMary OSTP AVERage on page 103 Power Shows the average time domain power of the analyzed signal FETCh SUMMary POWer AVERage on page 103 Crest Factor Shows the peak to average power ratio of captured signal FETCh SUMMary CRESt AVERage on page 99 EEUU RA I ETT EU e S e 1LL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLULULLLUXA User Manual 1176
173. te command For a comprehensive list of commands to define trigger characteristics see chap ter 8 7 1 5 Triggering Measurements on page 126 5 3 Configuring MIMO Setups The MIMO Configuration contains settings to configure MIMO test setups General ELT Advanced Trigger Spectrum _ MIMO Configuration DUT MIMO Configuration 1 TX Antenna Tx Antenna Selection Antenna 1 MIMO CONi OM TEE 56 MIMO Configuration Selects the antenna configuration and test conditions for a MIMO system The MIMO configuration selects the number of transmit antennas in the system 1 2 and 4 antenna configurations are possible In setups with multiple antennas antenna selection defines the antenna you d like to test You can select the antenna s to test manually Note that the selected antenna is also the reference antenna for Time Alignment measurements Antenna 1 Tests antenna 1 only Antenna 2 Tests antenna 2 only EE User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 56 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement a ee ee ee a ee ee a eee Configuring Spectrum Measurements Antenna 3 Tests antenna 3 only Antenna 4 Tests antenna 4 only Remote command MIMO configuration CONFigure LTE DL MIMO CONFig on page 128 Antenna selection CONFigure LTE DL MIMO ASELection on page 127 5 4 Configuring Spectrum Measurements The Spectrum settings contain parameters to configure spect
174. tic description of the time alignment results Performing Transmit On Off Power Measurements The technical specification in 3GPP TS 36 141 prescribes the measurement of the trans mitter OFF power and the transmitter transient period of an EUTRA LTE TDD base transceiver station BTS operating at its specified maximum output power A special hardware setup is required for this measurement since the actual measurement is done User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 25 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurement Basics Performing Transmit On Off Power Measurements at very low power during the transmitter OFF periods requiring low attenuation at the analyzer input The signal power during the transmitter ON periods in this test scenario is usually higher than the specified maximum input power of the R amp S FSx signal analyzer and will cause severe damage to the analyzer if the measurement is not set up appro priately Test setup R amp S FSx with R amp S FSx B25 Ext reference signal fees KM Frame Trigger Es Trigger RF Input Tx signal Attenuator RF Limiter To protect the analyzer input from damage an RF limiter has to be applied at the analyzer input connector as can be seen in figure 2 16 Table 1 1 shows the specifications the used limiter has to fulfill Min acceptable CW input power BTS output power minus 10 dB Min acceptable peak input power BTS peak output power minus 10 dB Max output
175. tiple users on the available bandwidth Each user is assigned a specific time frequency resource As a fundamental principle of EUTRA the data channels are shared channels i e for each transmission time interval of 1 ms a new scheduling decision is taken regarding which users are assigned to which time frequency resources during this trans mission time interval 1 2 2 OFDMA Parameterization A generic frame structure is defined for both EUTRA FDD and TDD modes Additionally an alternative frame structure is defined for the TDD mode only The EUTRA frame structures are defined in 3GPP TS 36 211 For the generic frame structure the 10 ms radio frame is divided into 20 equally sized slots of 0 5 ms A subframe consists of two consecutive slots so one radio frame contains 10 subframes This is illustrated in fig ure 1 4 T expresses the basic time unit corresponding to 30 72 MHz EE User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 10 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Introduction Long Term Evolution Downlink Transmission Scheme One radio frame T 307200 x T 10 ms One slot Tse 7 15360 x T 0 5 ms One subframe Fig 1 4 Generic Frame Structure in EUTRA Downlink figure 1 5shows the structure of the downlink resource grid for the duration of one down link slot The available downlink bandwidth consists of sw subcarriers with a spacing of Af 15 kHz In the case of multi cell MBMS transmission a subcarrier spacing of Af
176. ult display Example CALC MARK X 1GHZ Moves the marker to the frequency of 1 GHz CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt Y This command queries the position of a marker on the y axis If necessary the command activates the marker first To get a valid result you have to perform a complete measurement with synchronization to the end of the measurement before reading out the result This is only possible for single sweeps Suffix lt m gt 1 Example INIT CONT OFF Switches to single measurement mode CALC MARK2 ON Switches marker 2 INIT WAI Starts a measurement and waits for the end CALC MARK2 Y Outputs the measured value of marker 2 Usage Query only Using Delta Markers CAL Culate nz DEL Tamarkercmz AOEE aaa A trn nnns 148 CALCulate n DELTamarker m MAXimum PEAK eee 148 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum PEAK cccccecceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeaeaeeeeeeeeesesaeaeneees 148 CALCulate lt sn gt DELTamarkersm gt STATE nennen rnnt 148 e A User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 147 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands i a a a Analyzing Measurement Results CALCulate n DELTamarker m TRAQGe eese nnne nnn rnnn nens eni nnne sana n an 149 CAL Culatesmes DEL Tamarkerems EE 149 CAL e Ee Da gll E E EE 149 C
177. ults Return values lt CrestFactor gt lt numeric value gt Crest Factor in dB Example FETC SUMM CRES Returns the current crest factor in dB Usage Query only Manual operation See Result Summary on page 28 FETCh SUMMary EVM ALL MAXimum FETCh SUMMary EVM ALL MINimum FETCh SUMMary EVM ALL AVERage This command queries the EVM of all resource elements Return values lt EVM gt lt numeric value gt Minimum maximum or average EVM depending on the last com mand syntax element The unit is or dB depending on your selection Example FETC SUMM EVM Returns the mean value Usage Query only Manual operation See Result Summary on page 28 FETCh SUMMary EVM DSQP MAXimum FETCh SUMMary EVM DSQP MINimum FETCh SUMMary EVM DSQP AVERage This command queries the EVM of all resource elements of the PDSCH with a QPSK modulation Return values lt EVM gt lt numeric value gt EVM in or dB depending on the unit you have set Example FETC SUMM EVM DSQP Returns the PDSCH QSPK EVM Usage Query only Manual operation See Result Summary on page 28 FETCh SUMMary EVM DSST MAXimum FETCh SUMMary EVM DSST MINimum FETCh SUMMary EVM DSST AVERage This command queries the EVM of all resource elements of the PDSCH with a 16QAM modulation EMN User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 100 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands SSS e VACUUM VU a SS SS Sa
178. um numeric value that is supported e DEF Defines the default value User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 89 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands SSS SS SS SS SESE SS ee aS 8 2 6 2 8 2 6 3 Introduction e UP DOWN Increases or decreases the numeric value by one step The step size depends on the setting In some cases you can customize the step size with a corresponding command Querying numeric values When you query numeric values the system returns a number In case of physical quan tities it applies the basic unit e g Hz in case of frequencies The number of digits after the decimal point depends on the type of numeric value Example Setting SENSe FREQuency CENTer 1GHZ Query SENSe FREQuency CENTer would return 1E9 In some cases numeric values may be returned as text e INF NINF Infinity or negative infinity Represents the numeric values 9 9E37 or 9 9E37 e NAN Not a number Represents the numeric value 9 91E37 NAN is returned in case of errors Boolean Boolean parameters represent two states The ON state logically true is represented by ON or a numeric value 1 The OFF state logically untrue is represented by OFF or the numeric value 0 Querying boolean parameters When you query boolean parameters the system returns either the value 1 ON or the value 0 OFF Example Setting DISPlay WINDow ZOOM STATe ON Query DISPlay WINDow ZOOM S
179. ure L TE DL PDCCh FORMat Format This command selects the PDCCH format Parameters Format 1 0 1 2 3 RST 1 Example CONF DL PDCCH FORM 0 Sets the PDDCH format to 0 Manual operation See PDCCH Format on page 76 CONFigure LTE DL PDCCh NOPD lt NofPDCCH gt This command sets the number of PDCCHs Parameters lt NofPDCCH gt lt numeric value gt RST 0 SS User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 141 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands 8 Remote Commands to Configure the Application Example CONF DL PDCCH NOPD 3 Sets the number of DPCCHs to 3 Manual operation See Number of PDCCHs on page 76 CONFigure LTE DL PDCCh POWer lt Power gt This command defines the relative power of the PDCCH Parameters lt Power gt lt numeric value gt RST 0 dB Default unit DB Example CONF DL PDCCH POW 1 2 Sets the relative power to 1 2 dB Manual operation See PDCCH Rel Power on page 77 CONFigure LTE DL PHICh DURation lt Duration gt This command selects the PHICH duration Parameters lt Duration gt NORM Normal EXT Extended RST NORM Example CONF DL PHIC DUR NORM Selects normal PHICH duration Manual operation See PHICH Duration on page 75 CONFigure LTE DL PHICh MITM lt State gt This command includes or excludes the use of the PHICH special setting for enhanced test models Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example
180. urrently in the capture buffer The command applies exclusively to l Q measurements It requires UO data Example INIT REFR The application updates the IQ results Usage Event Manual operation See Refresh on page 49 SENSe LTE OOPower ATIMing This command adjusts the timing for On Off Power measurements Example OOP ATIM Adjusts the On Off Power timing Usage Event Manual operation See On Off Power on page 32 See Adjust Timing on page 49 SENSe SYNC STATe This command queries the current synchronization state Return values lt State gt The string contains the following information e lt OFDMSymbolTiming gt is the coarse symbol timing e P SYNCSynchronization is the P SYNC synchronization state lt S SYNCSynchronization gt is the S SYNC synchronization state A zero represents a failure and a one represents a successful synchronization Example SYNC STAT Would return e g 1 1 0 if coarse timing and P SYNC were suc cessful but S SYNC failed Usage Query only a SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSaaaaaaaan anana a SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SZ User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 97 Remote Commands to Read Numeric Results 8 5 Remote Commands to Read Numeric Results FEVCAIGY CPHTIKE Ht 99 FETCHIPLCiGIDGROup occae aa a he Rn eee di eed 99 FETCEPEC PLD Rm 99 FEICh SUMMany CRESI AVERIJ RT 99 FETCh SUMMary EVMEAELEMAXINURIT neninn aai a EEEE EEE 100 FETCh SUMMary EVMEAELEMINIW 22a ior aaan a aa
181. verall frame count is inactive Remote command SENSe LTE FRAMe COUNt AUTO on page 124 5 2 4 Configuring On Off Power Measurements The On Off power measurement settings define characteristics of On Off power meas urements The On Off measurement settings are part of the General tab of the General Set tings dialog box ON OFF Measurement Settings Num Frames to Analyze 25 Noise Correction Number KSE eine o n Mp e EE Seege ES dE 54 re ico eet oce pe re EE erae 54 Number of Frames Defines the number of frames that are averaged to calculate a reliable power trace for On Off Power measurements Remote command CONFigure LTE OOPower NFRames on page 125 Noise Correction Turns noise correction for On Off Power measurements on and off For more information see the manual of the R amp S FSV Remote command SENSe LTE 00Power NCORrection on page 125 LEE User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 54 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Configuring and Performing the Measurement a ee ee ee a ee eee ee es General Settings 5 2 5 Triggering Measurements The trigger settings contain settings that control triggered measurements The trigger settings are part of the Trigger tab of the General Settings dialog box General MIMO Advanced KEE Spectrum E Trigger Settings Trigger Mode Free Run Trigger Offset Os Trig Holdoff 150 ns Trig Hysteresis 3 dB Trigger Level 0 For more inf
182. view the results in another fre quency sweep measurement Frequency sweep measurements are available if RF input is selected 4 4 1 1 Available Measurements Spectrum Mask Starts the Spectrum Emission Mask SEM result display The Spectrum Emission Mask measurement shows the quality of the measured signal by comparing the power values in the frequency range near the carrier against a spectral mask that is defined by the 3GPP specifications In this way you can test the performance of the DUT and identify the emissions and their distance to the limit In the diagram the SEM is represented by a red line If any measured power levels are above that limit line the test fails If all power levels are inside the specified limits the test is passed The R amp S FSV puts a label to the limit line to indicate whether the limit check passed or failed The x axis represents the frequency with a frequency span that relates to the specified EUTRA LTE channel bandwidths On the y axis the power is plotted in dBm IESSE User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 38 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays Measuring the Spectrum 3 50 MHz div A table above the result display contains the numerical values for the limit check at each check point e Start Stop Freq Rel Shows the start and stop frequency of each section of the Spectrum Mask relative to the center frequency e RBW Shows the resolution bandwidth of each se
183. wice per 10 ms on different resource elements see figure 1 7 m 8M n User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 13 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Introduction References 10 ms Radio frame EI IW 1 er 1 ms E pagoa REEEELEL 0 5 ms sub frame 0 5 ms slot Fig 1 7 P SYNC and S SYNC Structure As additional help during cell search a common control physical channel CCPCH is available which carries BCH type of information e g system bandwidth It is transmitted at predefined time instants on the 72 subcarriers centered around the DC subcarrier In order to enable the UE to support this cell search concept it was agreed to have a minimum UE bandwidth reception capability of 20 MHz 1 2 5 Downlink Physical Layer Procedures For EUTRA the following downlink physical layer procedures are especially important e Cell search and synchronization See above e Scheduling Scheduling is done in the base station eNodeB The downlink control channel PDCCH informs the users about their allocated time frequency resources and the transmission formats to use The scheduler evaluates different types of information e g quality of service parameters measurements from the UE UE capabilities and buffer status e Link adaptation Link adaptation is already known from HSDPA as adaptive modulation and c
184. window is centered on the measured cyclic prefix of the considered OFDM symbol For the 3GPP EVM calculation according to 3GPP TS 36 211 v8 9 0 the block window produces three signals taken at the timing offsets t 41 and 5 For the reference path only the signal taken at the timing offset A is used OO eet User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 20 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurement Basics The LTE Downlink Analysis Measurement Application l Q data capture Frequency su MEN FFT _ Subcarrier compensation selection buffer eg p H TREA Frame mg synchronisation estimation fz boarse Lass k reference path H d e line measurement path Fine timing signals at time offsets AC AT and AT Coarse channel 29 est RS based compensation EE SFO optional punc ur r Phase sync Phase sync ine channel est Ik pilots RS and data symbols res CFO tracking Wei Customized x Customized U compensation equalizer Fig 3 1 Block diagram for the LTE DL measurement application After the time to frequency transformation by an FFT of length Nery the phase synchro nization block is used to estimate the following e the relative sampling frequency offset c SFO e the residual carrier frequency offset Af es CFO e the common phase error CPE According to 3GPP TS 25 913 and 3GPP TR 25 892 the uncompensated samples can be expressed as iD j
185. wo ways setting and query If not indicated otherwise the commands can be used for settings and queries LEE User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 86 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands 8 2 1 Introduction The syntax of a SCPI command consists of a header and in most cases one or more parameters To use a command as a query you have to append a question mark after the last header element even if the command contains a parameter A header contains one or more keywords separated by a colon Header and parameters are separated by a white space ASCII code 0 to 9 11 to 32 decimal e g blank If there is more than one parameter for a command these are separated by a comma from one another Only the most important characteristics that you need to know when working with SCPI commands are described here For a more complete description refer to the User Manual of the R amp S FSV Remote command examples Note that some remote command examples mentioned in this general introduction may not be supported by this particular application Conventions used in Descriptions Note the following conventions used in the remote command descriptions e Command usage If not specified otherwise commands can be used both for setting and for querying parameters If a command can be used for setting or querying only or if it initiates an event the usage is stated explicitely e Parameter usage If not specified otherwise a par
186. y be enabled of the reference path The coarse esti mation block uses the reference signal symbols to determine estimates of the channel transfer function by interpolation in both time and frequency direction A special channel estimation R as defined in 3GPP TS 36 211 is additionally generated The coarse estimation results are used to equalize the samples of the reference path prior to symbol decision Based on the decided data symbols a fine channel estimation is optimally per formed and then used to equalize the partially compensated samples of the measurement path 3 3 3 Analysis The analysis block of the EUTRA LTE downlink measurement application allows to com pute a variety of measurement variables EVM The error vector magnitude EVM measurement results EVM PDSCH QPSK 16 QAM 64 QAM are calculated according to the specification in 3GPP TS 36 211 All other EVM measurement results are calculated according to 3 2 on subcarrier k at OFDM symbol where b is the boosting factor Since the average power of all possible constellations is 1 when no boosting is applied the equation can be rewritten as m E oul EVM b 3 3 The average EVM of all data subcarriers is then EE HM e User Manual 1176 7661 02 01 22 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurement Basics Performing Time Alignm

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