National Instruments PCI-1411 User's Manual
Contents
1. O 1999 2007 National Instruments Corporation All rights reserved Important Information Warranty The NI PXI PCI 1411 is warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment as evidenced by receipts or other documentation National Instruments will at its option repair or replace equipment that proves to be defective during the warranty period This warranty includes parts and labor The media on which you receive National Instruments software are warranted not to fail to execute programming instructions due to defects in materials and workmanship for a period of 90 days from date of shipment as evidenced by receipts or other documentation National Instruments will at its option repair or replace software media that do not execute programming instructions if National Instruments receives notice of such defects during the warranty period National Instruments does not warrant that the operation of the software shall be uninterrupted or error free A Return Material Authorization RMA number must be obtained from the factory and clearly marked on the outside of the package before any equipment will be accepted for warranty work National Instruments will pay the shipping costs of returning to the owner parts which are covered by warranty National Instruments believes that the information in this document is accurate The document has been carefully reviewed for technical accuracy I2. 2 3 signal connections custom cables 3 2 T O connector figure 3 1 signal description table 3 2 software NI resources B 1 software programming choices NI Vision 1 4 NI IMAQ driver software 1 2 Vision Builder AI 1 3 start conditions 2 4 support technical B 1 S VIDEO signal table 3 2 O National Instruments Corporation Index T technical support B 1 training and certification NI resources B 1 TRIG signal table 3 2 trigger control and mapping circuitry 2 3 troubleshooting NI resources B 1 V video acquisition 2 1 video decoder 2 2 VIDEO signal table 3 2 video standards 2 2 Vision Builder AI migrating to LabVIEW 1 3 W Web resources B 1 NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual
3. A 2 color planes A 2 hue saturation luminance and intensity planes A 3 RGB A 2 instrument drivers NI resources B 1 integration with DAQ and motion control 1 4 intensity 32 bit HSL and HSI A 3 definition A 2 hue saturation luminance and intensity planes A 3 K KnowledgeBase B 1 L LabVIEW migrating inspection from Vision Builder AI 1 3 look up tables LUTs 2 2 luminance 32 bit HSL and HSI A 3 definition A 2 NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual 2 hue saturation luminance and intensity planes A 3 LUTs look up tables 2 2 mapping circuitry and trigger control 2 3 memory board configuration NVRAM 2 4 SDRAM 2 3 motion control integrating with 1 4 National Instruments support and services B 1 NI 1411 See also hardware overview overview 1 1 software programming choices 1 2 using PXI with CompactPCI 1 2 NI support and services B 1 NI IMAQ driver software 1 2 NTSC video standard 2 2 NVRAM 2 4 P PAL video standard 2 2 post decoding coring 2 2 programming examples NI resources B 1 PXI using with CompactPCI 1 2 R RAM board configuration NVRAM 2 4 SDRAM 2 3 region of interest acquisition scaling and ROI circuitry 2 3 ni com configuring 2 4 RGB image representation A 2 S saturation 32 bit HSL and HSI A 3 definition A 2 hue saturation luminance and intensity planes A 3 scaling down circuitry 2 5 scatter gather DMA controllers 2 3 SDRAM
4. A product could be subject to restrictions in the FCC rules In Canada the Department of Communications DOC of Industry Canada regulates wireless interference in much the same way Digital electronics emit weak signals during normal operation that can affect radio television or other wireless products All Class A products display a simple warning statement of one paragraph in length regarding interference and undesired operation The FCC rules have restrictions regarding the locations where FCC Class A products can be operated Consult the FCC Web site at www fcc gov for more information FCC DOC Warnings This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in strict accordance with the instructions in this manual and the CE marking Declaration of Conformity may cause interference to radio and television reception Classification requirements are the same for the Federal Communications Commission FCC and the Canadian Department of Communications DOC Changes or modifications not expressly approved by NI could void the user s authority to operate the equipment under the FCC Rules Class A Federal Communications Commission This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial en
5. Instruments installation operation or maintenance instructions owner s modification of the product owner s abuse misuse or negligent acts and power failure or surges fire flood accident actions of third parties or other events outside reasonable control Copyright Under the copyright laws this publication may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form electronic or mechanical including photocopying recording storing in an information retrieval system or translating in whole or in part without the prior written consent of National Instruments Corporation National Instruments respects the intellectual property of others and we ask our users to do the same NI software is protected by copyright and other intellectual property laws Where NI software may be used to reproduce software or other materials belonging to others you may use NI software only to reproduce materials that you may reproduce in accordance with the terms of any applicable license or other legal restriction Trademarks National Instruments NI ni com and LabVIEW are trademarks of National Instruments Corporation Refer to the Terms of Use section on ni com legal for more information about National Instruments trademarks Other product and company names mentioned herein are trademarks or trade names of their respective companies Members of the National Instruments Alliance Partner Program are business entities independent from National Instruments and h
6. Integration If you have time constraints limited in house technical resources or other project challenges National Instruments Alliance Partner members can help To learn more call your local NI office or visit ni com alliance Declaration of Conformity DoC A DoC is our claim of compliance with the Council of the European Communities using the manufacturer s declaration of conformity This system affords the user protection for electronic compatibility EMC and product safety You can obtain the DoC for your product by visiting ni com certification B 1 NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual Appendix B Technical Support and Professional Services e Calibration Certificate If your product supports calibration you can obtain the calibration certificate for your product at ni com calibration If you searched ni com and could not find the answers you need contact your local office or NI corporate headquarters Phone numbers for our worldwide offices are listed at the front of this manual You also can visit the Worldwide Offices section of ni com niglobal to access the branch office Web sites which provide up to date contact information support phone numbers email addresses and current events NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual B 2 ni com Glossary Symbol Prefix Value p pico 10 12 n nano 10 u micro 10 6 m milli 10 3 k kilo 103 M mega 106 G giga 10 T tera 10 Symbols Posit
7. directs you to pull down the File menu select the Page Setup item and select Options from the last dialog box The amp symbol indicates that the following text applies only to a specific product a specific operating system or a specific software version This icon denotes a note which alerts you to important information When symbol is marked on a product it denotes a warning advising you to take precautions to avoid electrical shock Bold text denotes items that you must select or click in the software such as menu items and dialog box options Bold text also denotes parameter names Italic text denotes variables emphasis a cross reference or an introduction to akey concept Italic text also denotes text that is a placeholder for a word or value that you must supply Text in this font denotes text or characters that you should enter from the keyboard sections of code programming examples and syntax examples This font is also used for the proper names of disk drives paths directories programs subprograms subroutines device names functions operations variables filenames and extensions Contents Chapter 1 Introduction About thie NIALL vas tr e aen eee headset 1 1 Using PXI with CompactPCI z isssssrisvrrneveeseaatnnntsseisedne a e a a aa 1 2 SoftWare OVE eW ankes 1 2 NI IMAQ Driver Software mmonnnrronnvrrnnnverennvrrrenvrrrennrrrsnnversnnvsrennrerssnnssssnnerrnn 1 2 National Instruments Appli
8. libraries Using the LabVIEW VI creation wizard Vision Assistant can create LabVIEW VI block diagrams that perform the prototype you created in Vision Assistant You then can use LabVIEW to add functionality to the generated VI Integration with DAQ and Motion Control NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual Platforms that support NI IMAQ also support NI DAQ and a variety of National Instruments DAQ devices This allows integration between image acquisition devices and National Instruments DAQ products Use National Instruments high performance stepper and servo motion control products with pattern matching software in inspection and guidance applications such as locating alignment markers on semiconductor wafers guiding robotic arms inspecting the quality of manufactured parts and locating cells 1 4 ni com Hardware Qverview This chapter presents an overview of the hardware functions on the NI 1411 and explains the operation of each functional unit making up the NI 1411 Functional Overview The NI 1411 features a flexible high speed data path optimized for the acquisition and formatting of video data from analog monochrome and color cameras The block diagram in Figure 2 1 illustrates the key functional components of the NI 1411 PCI Interface Color Mao and g Analog Video Video SDRAM ae ca BNC or S Video Decoder Space Memory see OANGE re Processor interface DMA Controller i Acquisition R
9. or a text based programming environment The NI IMAQ software kit includes a series of libraries for image acquisition for LabVIEW LabWindows CVI and Measurement Studio which contains libraries for Microsoft Visual Basic NI IMAQ features both high level and low level functions Examples of high level functions include the sequences to acquire images in multi buffer single shot or continuous mode An example of a low level function is configuring an image sequence since it requires advanced understanding of the image acquisition device and image acquisition principles National Instruments Application Software This section describes the National Instruments application software packages you can use to analyze and process the images you acquire with the NI 1411 Vision Builder for Automated Inspection NI Vision Builder for Automated Inspection AI is configurable machine vision software that you can use to prototype benchmark and deploy applications Vision Builder AI does not require programming but is scalable to powerful programming environments Vision Builder AI allows you to easily configure and benchmark a sequence of visual inspection steps as well as deploy the visual inspection system for automated inspection With Vision Builder AI you can perform powerful visual inspection tasks and make decisions based on the results of individual tasks You also can migrate the configured inspection to LabVIEW extending the capabi
10. pixel every fourth pixel or every eighth pixel For active line selection the NI 1411 can select every line every other line every fourth line or every eighth line You can use the scaling down circuitry in conjunction with the region of interest circuitry 2 5 NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual Signal Connections This chapter describes cable connections for the NI 1411 1 0 Connector The NI 1411 uses one S Video and two BNC connectors on the front panel to connect to video data inputs and the external trigger signal Figure 3 1 shows the position of the three connectors lt VIDEO Oo j S VIDEO C lt _ TRIG Figure 3 1 NI 1411 Connectors National Instruments Corporation 3 1 NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual Chapter 3 Signal Connections Signal Description Signal Name Table 3 1 describes each signal connection on the NI 1411 device connectors Table 3 1 1 0 Connector Signals Description VIDEO Composite Video The signal allows you to make a referenced single ended RSE connection to the video channel S VIDEO S Video A connector composed of two signals as follows Y The Y signal of the S Video connection contains the luma and synchronization information of the video signal C tThe C signal of the S Video connection contains the chroma information of the video signal TRIG External trigger A TTL I O line you can use to start an acquisition
11. 1 to start an acquisition on any odd or even field Acquisition Window Control You can configure numerous parameters on the NI 1411 to control the video acquisition window A brief description of each parameter follows NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual Acquisition window The NI 1411 allows you to specify a particular region of active pixels and active lines within the incoming video data The active pixel region selects the starting pixel and number of pixels to be acquired relative to the assertion edge of the horizontal or line enable signal from the camera The active line region selects the starting line and number of lines to be acquired relative to the assertion edge of the vertical or frame enable signal Region of interest The NI 1411 uses a second level of active pixel and active line regions for selecting a region of interest When you disable the region of interest circuitry the board stores the entire acquisition window into onboard or system memory However when you enable the region of interest circuitry the board acquires only a selected subset of the image frame 2 4 ni com O National Instruments Corporation Chapter 2 Hardware Overview Scaling down The scaling down circuitry also controls the active acquisition region The NI 1411 can scale down a frame by reducing the number of pixels per line the number of lines per frame or both For active pixel selection the NI 1411 can select every pixel every other
12. D in one array of 32 bit integers which is equivalent to the 32 bit RGB representation National Instruments Corporation A 3 NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual Technical Support and Professional Services Visit the following sections of the National Instruments Web site at ni com for technical support and professional services National Instruments Corporation Support Online technical support resources at ni com support include the following Self Help Resources For answers and solutions visit the award winning National Instruments Web site for software drivers and updates a searchable KnowledgeBase product manuals step by step troubleshooting wizards thousands of example programs tutorials application notes instrument drivers and so on Free Technical Support All registered users receive free Basic Service which includes access to hundreds of Application Engineers worldwide in the NI Discussion Forums at ni com forums National Instruments Application Engineers make sure every question receives an answer For information about other technical support options in your area visit ni com services or contact your local office at ni com contact Training and Certification Visit ni com training for self paced training eLearning virtual classrooms interactive CDs and Certification program information You also can register for instructor led hands on courses at locations around the world System
13. NI Vision NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual Single Channel Color Image Acquisition Device February 2007 NATIONAL 372157D 01 D INSTRUMENTS Worldwide Technical Support and Product Information ni com National Instruments Corporate Headquarters 11500 North Mopac Expressway Austin Texas 78759 3504 USA Tel 512 683 0100 Worldwide Offices Australia 1800 300 800 Austria 43 662 457990 0 Belgium 32 0 2 757 0020 Brazil 55 11 3262 3599 Canada 800 433 3488 China 86 21 6555 7838 Czech Republic 420 224 235 774 Denmark 45 45 76 26 00 Finland 385 0 9 725 72511 France 33 0 1 48 14 24 24 Germany 49 89 7413130 India 91 80 41190000 Israel 972 3 6393737 Italy 39 02 413091 Japan 81 3 5472 2970 Korea 82 02 3451 3400 Lebanon 961 0 1 33 28 28 Malaysia 1800 887710 Mexico 01 800 010 0793 Netherlands 31 0 348 433 466 New Zealand 0800 553 322 Norway 47 0 66 90 76 60 Poland 48 22 3390150 Portugal 351 210 311 210 Russia 7 495 783 6851 Singapore 1800 226 5886 Slovenia 386 3 425 42 00 South Africa 27 0 11 805 8197 Spain 34 91 640 0085 Sweden 46 0 8 587 895 00 Switzerland 41 56 2005151 Taiwan 886 02 2377 2222 Thailand 662 278 6777 Turkey 90 212 279 3031 United Kingdom 44 0 1635 523545 For further support information refer to the Technical Support and Professional Services appendix To comment on National Instruments documentation refer to the National Instruments Web site at ni com info and enter the info code feedback
14. OI External Trigger gt and Control Figure 2 1 NI 1411 Block Diagram Video Acquisition The NI 1411 can acquire analog color video in a variety of modes and store the images in the onboard SDRAM memory or transfer the images directly to PCI system memory O National Instruments Corporation 2 1 NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual Chapter 2 Hardware Overview Video Decoder The NI 1411 supports NTSC and PAL video standards in either composite or S Video format The onboard video decoder converts the incoming video signal to Red Green and Blue RGB data and passes this data to the color space processor for further processing The video decoder also allows you to control numerous parameters to optimize an acquisition You can independently adjust parameters such as analog input range brightness contrast saturation or frequency range controlled by different filters Refer to the Measurement amp Automation Explorer Help for NI IMAQ for a complete description of the NI 1411 video parameters Furthermore the video decoder strips out all necessary clock and synchronization signals included in the video signal and controls the acquisition conditions automatically High quality circuitry regenerates even bad timing signals allowing acquisitions from for example a video cassette recorder VCR ay Note The NI PCI 1411 revision C NI PXI 1411 revision A and all later revisions are factory calibrated to improve measure
15. THE RISK OF BODILY INJURY AND DEATH SHOULD NOT BE RELIANT SOLELY UPON ONE FORM OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEM DUE TO THE RISK OF SYSTEM FAILURE TO AVOID DAMAGE INJURY OR DEATH THE USER OR APPLICATION DESIGNER MUST TAKE REASONABLY PRUDENT STEPS TO PROTECT AGAINST SYSTEM FAILURES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO BACK UP OR SHUT DOWN MECHANISMS BECAUSE EACH END USER SYSTEM IS CUSTOMIZED AND DIFFERS FROM NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS TESTING PLATFORMS AND BECAUSE A USER OR APPLICATION DESIGNER MAY USE NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER PRODUCTS IN A MANNER NOT EVALUATED OR CONTEMPLATED BY NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS THE USER OR APPLICATION DESIGNER IS ULTIMATELY RESPONSIBLE FOR VERIFYING AND VALIDATING THE SUITABILITY OF NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS WHENEVER NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS ARE INCORPORATED IN A SYSTEM OR APPLICATION INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE APPROPRIATE DESIGN PROCESS AND SAFETY LEVEL OF SUCH SYSTEM OR APPLICATION Compliance Compliance with FCC Canada Radio Frequency Interference Regulations Determining FCC Class The Federal Communications Commission FCC has rules to protect wireless communications from interference The FCC places digital electronics into two classes These classes are known as Class A for use in industrial commercial locations only or Class B for use in residential or commercial locations All National Instruments NI products are FCC Class A products Depending on where it is operated this Class
16. ave no agency partnership or joint venture relationship with National Instruments Patents For patents covering National Instruments products refer to the appropriate location Help Patents in your software the patents txt file on your CD or ni com patents WARNING REGARDING USE OF NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS 1 NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED WITH COMPONENTS AND TESTING FOR A LEVEL OF RELIABILITY SUITABLE FOR USE IN OR IN CONNECTION WITH SURGICAL IMPLANTS OR AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN ANY LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS WHOSE FAILURE TO PERFORM CAN REASONABLY BE EXPECTED TO CAUSE SIGNIFICANT INJURY TO A HUMAN 2 IN ANY APPLICATION INCLUDING THE ABOVE RELIABILITY OF OPERATION OF THE SOFTWARE PRODUCTS CAN BE IMPAIRED BY ADVERSE FACTORS INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO FLUCTUATIONS IN ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY COMPUTER HARDWARE MALFUNCTIONS COMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARE FITNESS FITNESS OF COMPILERS AND DEVELOPMENT SOFTWARE USED TO DEVELOP AN APPLICATION INSTALLATION ERRORS SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE COMPATIBILITY PROBLEMS MALFUNCTIONS OR FAILURES OF ELECTRONIC MONITORING OR CONTROL DEVICES TRANSIENT FAILURES OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS HARDWARE AND OR SOFTWARE UNANTICIPATED USES OR MISUSES OR ERRORS ON THE PART OF THE USER OR APPLICATIONS DESIGNER ADVERSE FACTORS SUCH AS THESE ARE HEREAFTER COLLECTIVELY TERMED SYSTEM FAILURES ANY APPLICATION WHERE A SYSTEM FAILURE WOULD CREATE A RISK OF HARM TO PROPERTY OR PERSONS INCLUDING
17. cation Software ssrnnnrvrrvnnrvrnvnanvvnrnervrernarvvernernr 1 3 Vision Builder for Automated Inspection eee eee cece eee 1 3 Vision Development Module rrnrenvnonrnennnnenvnenrnnenrnenrnenvesenrnsnnessnsee 1 4 Integration with DAQ and Motion Control asnvnvnnnvrrvnernrnvnannvnrvernrnrnervvnenernn 1 4 Chapter 2 Hardware Overview Functional Ov ervie wiriciescesceverictvnceaszesthscvauedede cvvosauncastvcesvecusavevtvpdesdenst cb susnvtaceustaevteeevens 2 1 Video ACQUISITION 2 12 secs tesavaevins haves E ER seeuseuiee seu deniectocseduanveacvescubatece 2 1 Video Decoder airera e ae a A EAT S O aR 2 2 Color Space Processor and LUTS annrnvnnnnrvvnnvnnvvnrnrnvnervrrevervrervernavenesvensnesneee 2 2 SDRAM urinerte Geek P le RETER ADR SEEI 2 3 Trigger Control and Mapping Circuitry sernvnrnrnvrnrnorvvnrnnrvrnennrnvevvervrevvervarveee 2 3 Acquisition Scaling ROD i issassisnsnnrenkg eteren enste 2 3 Scatter Gather DMA Controllers ronnnnennnrnrnnenrnenranenrnenrnervanenrnsnrnssnnnensnsnneser 2 3 Bus Master PCI Int rfac sumuneviksebasmn dagl danene R E 2 3 Board Configuration NVRAM eoesvorvvorvrrvnrrnrrvvnvnrrvvnrnrnvvnrvarvvervareresnasvvesnavsseen 2 4 Start Condi ON Sae ren E E A S EE EEEE R 2 4 Acquisition Window Control renonnonnvnrnrnvrnrvrrenernnnenernnrvvnenanvvnrnrevservarvresvaseeee 2 4 Chapter 3 Signal Connections I O Connector A 3 1 Signal Descriptuon ininvisinsserniksuivis ale EER EE
18. common way to represent white light is to use three reference components such as red green and blue R G and B primaries You can simulate most colors of the visible spectrum using these primaries For example video projectors use red green and blue light generators and an RGB camera uses red green and blue sensors National Instruments Corporation A 1 NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual Appendix A Introduction to Color The perception of a color depends on many factors such as e Hue which is the perceived dominant color Hue depends directly on the wavelength of a color e Saturation which is dependent on the amount of white light present in a color Pastels typically have a low saturation while very rich colors have a high saturation For example pink typically has a red hue but has a low saturation e Luminance which is the brightness information in the video picture The luminance signal amplitude varies in proportion to the brightness of the video signal and corresponds exactly to the monochrome picture e Intensity which is the brightness of a color and which is usually expressed as light or dark For example orange and brown may have the same hue and saturation however orange has a greater intensity than brown Image Representations RGB Color Planes NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual Color images can be represented in several different formats These formats can contain all color information from the image
19. e LUT MB Mbytes s memory buffer NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual Interrupt request See interrupt Kilo The standard metric prefix for 1 000 or 103 used with units of measure such as volts hertz and meters Kilo The prefix for 1 024 or 210 used with B in quantifying data or computer memory A unit for data transfer that means 1 000 or 10 bytes s 1 024 words of memory The total number of horizontal lines in the picture Least significant bit The brightness information in the video picture The luma signal amplitude varies in proportion to the brightness of the video signal and corresponds exactly to the monochrome picture See luma Lookup table Table containing values used to transform the gray level values of an image For each gray level value in the image the corresponding new value is obtained from the lookup table Meters 1 Mega the standard metric prefix for 1 million or 10 when used with units of measure such as volts and hertz 2 mega the prefix for 1 048 576 or 220 when used with B to quantify data or computer memory Megabyte of memory A unit for data transfer that means 1 million or 10 bytes s See buffer G 6 ni com memory window MSB MTBF mux N NI IMAQ noninterlaced NTSC NVRAM 0 operating system P PAL PCI pixel pixel clock O National Instruments Corporation G 7 Glossary Continuous blocks of memory that can be accessed quick
20. e NI 1411 also provides one external I O line that you can use as a trigger or as a digital input output I O line If you require more advanced triggering or digital I O lines you can use the NI 1411 and NI IMAQ with the National Instruments data acquisition DAQ product line For detailed specifications of the NI 1411 refer to the Specifications section of Getting Started with the NI PXI PCI 1411 National Instruments Corporation 1 1 NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual Chapter 1 Introduction Using PXI with CompactPCl Using PXI compatible products with standard CompactPCI products is an important feature provided by the PXI Specification Revision 1 0 If you use a PXI compatible plug in device in a standard CompactPCI chassis you cannot use PXI specific functions but you can still use the basic plug in device functions The CompactPCI specification permits vendors to develop sub buses that coexist with the basic PCI interface on the CompactPCI bus Compatible operation is not guaranteed between CompactPCI devices with different sub buses nor between CompactPCI devices with sub buses and PXI The standard implementation for CompactPCI does not include these sub buses The NI 1411 device will work in any standard CompactPCI chassis adhering to the PICMG 2 0 R2 1 CompactPCI core specification Software Overview Programming the NI 1411 requires the NI IMAQ driver software for controlling the hardware National Instruments also of
21. fers the following application software packages for analyzing and processing your acquired images e Vision Builder for Automated Inspection AI Allows you to configure solutions to common inspection tasks e National Instruments Vision Development Module Provides customized control over hardware and algorithms The following sections provide an overview of the driver software and the application software For detailed information about individual software packages refer to the documentation specific to each package NI IMAQ Driver Software NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual The NI 1411 ships with NI Vision Acquisition Software which includes the NI IMAQ driver software NI IMAQ has an extensive library of functions such as routines for video configuration continuous and single shot image acquisition memory buffer allocation trigger control and device configuration you can call from the application development environment ADE NI IMAQ handles many of the complex issues between the computer and the image acquisition device such as programming interrupts and camera control 1 2 ni com Chapter 1 Introduction NI IMAQ performs all functions required for acquiring and saving images but does not perform image analysis For image analysis functionality refer to the National Instruments Application Software section of this chapter NI IMAQ also provides the interface path between the NI 1411 and LabVIEW LabWindows CVI
22. function is a continuous function that covers all the possible colors generated using the R G and B primaries See also RGB Rotates the Hue plane with a specified offset angle The hue value of a pixel is defined as an angle in the normal color plane You can offset this angle to move the discontinuity point at O modulo 360 to another angle value The range is 180 to 180 with a default of 0 Hertz Frequency in units of 1 second Input output The transfer of data to from a computer system involving communications channels operator interface devices and or data acquisition and control interfaces Integrated circuit Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inches A set of high level software functions such as NI IMAQ that control specific plug in computer boards Instrument drivers are available in several forms ranging from a function callable from a programming language to a virtual instrument VI in LabVIEW The sum of the Red Green and Blue primaries divided by three Red Green Blue 3 A video frame composed of two interleaved fields The number of lines in a field are half the number of lines in an interlaced frame A computer signal indicating that the CPU should suspend its current task to service a designated activity The relative priority at which a device can interrupt NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual Glossary IRQ kbytes s Kword L line count LSB luma luminanc
23. ines the second field contains all of the even numbered lines First in first out memory buffer The first data stored is the first data sent to the acceptor FIFOs are used on image acquisition devices to temporarily store incoming data until that data can be retrieved A complete image In interlaced formats a frame is composed of two fields The nonlinear change in the difference between the video signal s brightness level and the voltage level needed to produce that brightness Circuitry that aligns the video timing signals by locking together the horizontal vertical and color subcarrier frequencies and phases and generates a pixel clock to clock pixel data into memory for display or into another circuit for processing Color encoding scheme in Hue Saturation and Intensity Color encoding scheme using Hue Saturation and Luma information where each image in the pixel is encoded using 32 bits 8 bits for hue 8 bits for saturation 8 bits for luma and 8 unused bits G 4 ni com HSYNC hue hue offset I O IC IEEE in instrument driver intensity interlaced interrupt interrupt level O National Instruments Corporation G 5 Glossary Horizontal synchronization signal The synchronization pulse signal produced at the beginning of each video scan line that keeps a video monitor s horizontal scan rate in step with the transmission of each new line Represents the dominant color of a pixel The hue
24. ith 16 MB of onboard high speed synchronous dynamic RAM SDRAM The NI 1411 can use the onboard RAM as a first in first out FIFO buffer transferring the image data as it is acquired or acquiring the image data into SDRAM and holding it for later transfer to main memory Trigger Control and Mapping Circuitry The trigger control monitors and drives the external trigger line You can configure this line to start an acquisition on a rising or falling edge and drive the line asserted or unasserted similar to a digital I O line You can also map many of the NI 1411 status signals to this trigger line and program the trigger line in polarity and direction Acquisition Scaling ROI The acquisition scaling and region of interest ROI circuitry monitors the incoming video signals and routes the active pixels to the SDRAM memory The NI 1411 can perform ROI and scaling on all video lines and frames Pixel and line scaling transfers certain multiples two four or eight of pixels and lines to onboard memory In an ROI acquisition you select an area within the acquisition window to transfer to the PCI bus Scatter Gather DMA Controllers The NI 1411 uses three independent onboard direct memory access DMA controllers The DMA controllers transfer data between the onboard SDRAM memory buffers and the PCI bus Each of these controllers supports scatter gather DMA which allows the DMA controller to reconfigure on the fly Thus the NI 1411 can
25. ive of or plus Per Q Ohm Plus or minus Negative of or minus A Amperes AC Alternating current acquisition window The image size specific to a video standard or camera resolution active line region The region of lines actively being stored Defined by a line start relative to the vertical synchronization signal and a line count National Instruments Corporation G 1 NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual Glossary active pixel region address API area array ASIC brightness buffer bus cache CMOS color space NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual The region of pixels actively being stored Defined by a pixel start relative to the horizontal synchronization signal and a pixel count Value that identifies a specific location or series of locations in memory Application programming interface A rectangular portion of an acquisition window or frame that is controlled and defined by software Ordered indexed set of data elements of the same type Application Specific Integrated Circuit A proprietary semiconductor component designed and manufactured to perform a set of specific functions for specific customer needs Bit One binary digit either 0 or 1 Byte Eight related bits of data an eight bit binary number also used to denote the amount of memory required to store one byte of data A constant that is added to the red green and blue components of a color pixel during the color dec
26. lities of the applications if necessary National Instruments Corporation 1 3 NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual Chapter 1 Introduction Vision Development Module The Vision Development Module is an image acquisition processing and analysis library of more than 270 functions for the following common machine vision tasks e Pattern matching e Particle analysis e Gauging e Taking measurements e Grayscale color and binary image display You can use the Vision Development Module functions individually or in combination With the Vision Development Module you can acquire display and store images as well as perform image analysis and processing Using the Vision Development Module imaging novices and experts can program the most basic or complicated image applications without knowledge of particular algorithm implementations As a part of the Vision Development Module NI Vision Assistant is an interactive prototyping tool for machine vision and scientific imaging developers With Vision Assistant you can prototype vision applications quickly and test how various vision image processing functions work Vision Assistant generates a Builder file which is a text description containing a recipe of the machine vision and image processing functions This Builder file provides a guide you can use for developing applications in any ADE such as LabWindows CVI or Visual Basic using the Vision Assistant machine vision and image processing
27. ly by changing addresses on the local processor Most significant bit Mean time between failure Multiplexer switching device with multiple inputs that selectively connects one of its inputs to its output Driver software for National Instruments image acquisition hardware A video frame where all the lines are scanned sequentially instead of divided into two frames as in an interlaced video frame National Television Standards Committee The committee that developed the color video standard used primarily in North America which uses 525 lines per frame See also PAL Nonvolatile RAM RAM that is not erased when a device loses power or is turned off Base level software that controls a computer runs programs interacts with users and communicates with installed hardware or peripheral devices Phase Alternation Line One of the European video color standards uses 625 lines per frame See also NTSC Peripheral Component Interconnect A high performance expansion bus architecture originally developed by Intel to replace ISA and EISA PCI offers a theoretical maximum transfer rate of 132 Mbytes s Picture element The smallest division that makes up the video scan line for display on a computer monitor a pixel s optimum dimension is square aspect ratio of 1 1 or the width equal to the height Divides the incoming horizontal video line into pixels NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual Glossary pixel count PLL pro
28. ment accuracy and board to board consistency Specifically the luma gain and chroma gain have been calibrated For detailed specifications of the NI 1411 refer to the Specifications section of Getting Started with the NI PXI PCI 1411 Color Space Processor and LUTs NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual The color space processor receives the RGB data from the video decoder and performs several different optional operations on the data before passing them to the memory controller Processing functions include the following e Adjusting independent gain of the three signals R G and B You can use independent gain to perform for example white balancing on the acquired image e Applying three independent lookup tables LUTs to the R G and B data e Converting the RGB data into Hue Saturation and Luminance HSL e Processing the hue plane to clear pixels where the saturation falls below a predefined threshold value This function is called post decoding coring You can use this function to remove part of the image without color information monochrome that otherwise would introduce noise on the hue plane 2 2 ni com SDRAM Chapter 2 Hardware Overview The color space processor can export the video data in 32 bit RGB or HSL formats or in individual 8 bit hue saturation or luminance planes For more information on these image types see the Image Representations section in Appendix A Introduction to Color The NI 1411 comes w
29. n the event that technical or typographical errors exist National Instruments reserves the right to make changes to subsequent editions of this document without prior notice to holders of this edition The reader should consult National Instruments if errors are suspected In no event shall National Instruments be liable for any damages arising out of or related to this document or the information contained in it EXCEPT AS SPECIFIED HEREIN NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS MAKES NO WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE CUSTOMER S RIGHT TO RECOVER DAMAGES CAUSED BY FAULT OR NEGLIGENCE ON THE PART OF NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE AMOUNT THERETOFORE PAID BY THE CUSTOMER NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM LOSS OF DATA PROFITS USE OF PRODUCTS OR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF This limitation of the liability of National Instruments will apply regardless of the form of action whether in contract or tort including negligence Any action against National Instruments must be brought within one year after the cause of action accrues National Instruments shall not be liable for any delay in performance due to causes beyond its reasonable control The warranty provided herein does not cover damages defects malfunctions or service failures caused by owner s failure to follow the National
30. ntrol signals with D A and or DIO boards in the same computer Decibel The unit for expressing a logarithmic measure of the ratio of two signal levels dB 20log V1 V2 for signals in volts Direct current A default parameter value recorded in the driver in many cases the default input of a control is a certain value often 0 that means use the current default setting Direct memory access A method by which data can be transferred to and from computer memory from and to a device or memory on the bus while the processor does something else DMA is the fastest method of transferring data to from computer memory Dynamic RAM Software that controls a specific hardware device such as an image acquisition board The ratio of the largest signal level a circuit can handle to the smallest signal level it can handle usually taken to be the noise level normally expressed in decibels NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual Glossary E EEPROM external trigger field FIFO frame G gamma genlock HSI HSL NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual Electrically erasable programmable read only memory ROM that can be erased with an electrical signal and reprogrammed A voltage pulse from an external source that triggers an event such as A D conversion For an interlaced video signal a field is half the number of horizontal lines needed to represent a frame of video The first field of a frame contains all the odd numbered l
31. oding process Temporary storage for acquired data A group of conductors that interconnect individual circuitry in a computer such as the PCI bus typically the expansion vehicle to which I O or other devices are connected High speed processor memory that buffers commonly used instructions or data to increase processing throughput Complementary metal oxide semiconductor The mathematical representation for a color For example color can be described in terms of red green and blue hue saturation and luma or hue saturation and intensity G 2 ni com composite video contrast coring CPU DAQ dB DC default setting DMA DRAM drivers dynamic range O National Instruments Corporation G 3 Glossary A type of color video transmission where synchronization luma and chroma information are transmitted on one analog signal A constant multiplication factor applied to the luma and chroma components of a color pixel in the color decoding process The process of eliminating color information in low color situations if the saturation is lower than a predefined value Central processing unit Data acquisition 1 Collecting and measuring electrical signals from sensors transducers and test probes or fixtures and inputting them to a computer for processing 2 Collecting and measuring the same kinds of electrical signals with A D or DIO boards plugged into a computer and possibly generating co
32. of color A 1 image representations 32 bit HSL and HSI A 3 color planes A 2 hue saturation luminance and intensity planes A 3 RGB A 2 perception of color A 2 visible spectrum figure A 1 color planes A 2 color space processor and LUTs 2 2 CompactPCI using with PXI 1 2 configuration acquisition window control 2 4 board configuration NVRAM 2 4 National Instruments Corporation l 1 connector for NI 1411 figure 3 1 conventions used in the manual v custom cables 3 2 D Declaration of Conformity NI resources B 1 diagnostic tools NI resources B 1 DMA controllers scatter gather 2 3 documentation conventions used in the manual v NI resources B 1 drivers NI resources B 1 E examples NI resources B 1 F functional overview 2 1 G GND signal table 3 2 H hardware overview acquisition window control 2 4 acquisition scaling ROI 2 3 block diagram of NI 1411 2 1 board configuration NVRAM 2 4 bus master PCI interface 2 3 color space processor and LUTs 2 2 functional overview 2 1 scatter gather DMA controllers 2 3 SDRAM 2 3 NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual Index start conditions 2 4 trigger control and mapping circuitry 2 3 video acquisition 2 1 video decoder 2 2 help technical support B 1 hue 32 bit HSL and HSI A 3 definition A 2 hue saturation luminance and intensity planes A 3 I O connector figure 3 1 image representations 32 bit HSL and HSI
33. or they can consist of just one aspect of the color information such as hue or luminance The following image representations can be produced using the PCI PXI 1411 The most common image representation is 32 bit RGB format In this representation the three 8 bit color planes red green and blue are packed into an array of 32 bit integers This representation is useful for displaying the image on your monitor The 32 bit integer organized as 0 RED GREEN BLUE where the high order byte is not used and blue is the low order byte Each color plane can be returned individually The red green or blue plane is extracted from the RGB image and represented as an array of 8 bit integers A 2 ni com Appendix A Introduction to Color Hue Saturation Luminance and Intensity Planes The 8 bit hue saturation luminance and intensity planes can also be returned individually if you want to analyze the image Luminance Intensity Hue or Saturation are defined using the Red Green and Blue values in the following formulas Luminance 0 299 x Red 0 587 x Green 0 114 x Blue Intensity Red Green Blue 3 Hue arctangent Y X where Y Green Blue J2 and X 2 x Red Green Blue 6 3 x Min R G 2 Saturation 255 x 1 R G B 32 Bit HSL and HSI You can also pack the three 8 bit Hue Saturation and Luminance planes HSL or the three Hue Saturation and Intensity planes HS
34. or to control external events You can program the triggers to be rising or falling edge sensitive You can also program the triggers to be programmatically asserted or unasserted similar to the function of a digital I O line or to contain internal status signals by using the onboard events GND Ground A direct connection to digital ground on the NI 1411 Custom Cables If you plan to make your own cables refer to Figure 3 2 for the pin out of the S Video connector as seen from the front of the NI 1411 GND GND Figure 3 2 S Video Connector Pin Assignments NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual 3 2 ni com Introduction to Golor Color is the wavelength of the light we receive in our eye when we look at an object In theory the color spectrum is infinite Humans however can see only a small portion of this spectrum the portion that goes from the red edge of infrared light the longest wavelength to the blue edge of ultraviolet light the shortest wavelength This continuous spectrum is called the visible spectrum as shown in Figure A 1 Figure A 1 White Light and the Visible Spectrum White light is a combination of all colors at once The spectrum of white light is continuous and goes from ultraviolet to infrared in a smooth transition You can represent a good approximation of white light by selecting a few reference colors and weighting them appropriately The most
35. perform continuous image transfers directly to either contiguous or fragmented memory buffers Bus Master PCI Interface The NI 1411 implements the PCI interface with a National Instruments custom application specific integrated circuit ASIC the PCI MITE The PCI interface can transfer data at a maximum rate of 132 Mbytes s in bus master mode The NI 1411 can generate 8 16 and 32 bit memory National Instruments Corporation 2 3 NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual Chapter 2 Hardware Overview Start Conditions read and write cycles both single and multiple In slave mode the NI 1411 is a medium speed decoder that accepts both memory and configuration cycles The interface logic ensures that the NI 1411 can meet PCI loading driving and timing requirements Board Configuration NVRAM The NI 1411 contains onboard nonvolatile RAM NVRAM that configures all registers on power up The NI 1411 can start acquisitions in a variety of conditions Software control The NI 1411 supports software control of acquisition start You can configure the NI 1411 to capture a fixed number of fields or frames Use this configuration for capturing a single frame or a sequence of frames Trigger control You can start an acquisition by enabling the external trigger line This input can start a video acquisition on a rising or falling edge Frame field selection With an interlaced camera and the NI 1411 in frame mode you can program the NI 141
36. programmable rectangular portion of the acquisition window Read only memory The U S standard used for black and white television Referenced single ended All measurements are made with respect to a common reference measurement system or a ground Also called a grounded measurement system G 8 ni com S Video saturation scaling down circuitry scatter gather DMA SDRAM SRAM sync system RAM T transfer rate trigger trigger control and mapping circuitry TTL O National Instruments Corporation G 9 Glossary A type of color video transmission where timing and luma information are transmitted on one analog signal and chroma is transmitted on a separate analog signal The amount of white added to a pure color Saturation relates to the richness of a color A saturation of zero corresponds to a pure color with no white added Pink is a red with low saturation Circuitry that scales down the resolution of a video signal A type of DMA that allows the DMA controller to reconfigure on the fly Synchronous dynamic RAM Static RAM Tells the display where to put a video picture The horizontal sync indicates the picture s left to right placement and the vertical sync indicates top to bottom placement RAM installed on a personal computer and used by the operating system as contrasted with onboard RAM The rate measured in bytes s at which data is moved from source to destination after software initiali
37. siklet eee ead ae E 3 2 Custom Cablestanikkaaa E ies i OE N dees me esto 3 2 Appendix A Introduction to Color National Instruments Corporation vii NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual Contents Appendix B Technical Support and Professional Services Glossary Index NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual viii ni com Introduction This chapter describes the NI PXI PCI 1411 NI 1411 and describes your software programming choices About the NI 1411 The NI 1411 is a monochrome and color image acquisition device for PXI PCI or CompactPCI chassis that supports a diverse range of analog cameras from many camera companies The NI 1411 acquires images in real time and can store these images in onboard frame memory or transfer these images directly to system memory The NI 1411 is simple to configure so that you can easily install the device and begin acquiring images The NI 1411 ships with NI Vision Acquisition Software which includes NI IMAQ the National Instruments driver software you can use to directly control the NI 1411 and other National Instruments image acquisition devices Using NI IMAQ you can quickly and easily start your applications without having to program the device at the register level The NI 1411 features a precision color analog video decoder ideal for both industrial and scientific environments The NI 1411 device supports both NTSC and PAL color standards as well as the RS 170 and CCIR monochrome standards Th
38. tocol pts R RAM real time relative accuracy resolution RGB ROI ROM RS 170 RSE NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual The total number of pixels between two horizontal synchronization signals The pixel count determines the frequency of the pixel clock Phase locked loop Circuitry that provides a very stable pixel clock that is referenced to another signal for example an incoming horizontal synchronization signal The exact sequence of bits characters and control codes used to transfer data between computers and peripherals through a communications channel Points Random access memory A property of an event or system in which data is processed as it is acquired instead of being accumulated and processed at a later time A measure in LSB of the accuracy of an ADC it includes all nonlinearity and quantization errors but does not include offset and gain errors of the circuitry feeding the ADC The smallest signal increment that can be detected by a measurement system Resolution can be expressed in bits in proportions or in percent of full scale For example a system has 12 bit resolution one part in 4 096 resolution and 0 0244 percent of full scale Color encoding scheme using red green and blue RGB color information where each pixel in the color image is encoded using 32 bits 8 bits for red 8 bits for green 8 bits for blue and 8 bits for the alpha value unused Region of interest A hardware
39. vironment This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual may cause harmful interference to radio communications Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user is required to correct the interference at their own expense Canadian Department of Communications This Class A digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference Causing Equipment Regulations Cet appareil num rique de la classe A respecte toutes les exigences du R glement sur le mat riel brouilleur du Canada Compliance with EU Directives Users in the European Union EU should refer to the Declaration of Conformity DoC for information pertaining to the CE marking Refer to the Declaration of Conformity DoC for this product for any additional regulatory compliance information To obtain the DoC for this product visit ni com certification search by model number or product line and click the appropriate link in the Certification column The CE marking Declaration of Conformity contains important supplementary information and instructions for the user or installer Conventions bold italic monospace The following conventions are used in this manual The symbol leads you through nested menu items and dialog box options to a final action The sequence File Page Setup Options
40. zation and set up operations The maximum rate at which the hardware can operate Any event that causes or starts some form of data capture Circuitry that routes monitors and drives external and RTSI bus trigger lines You can configure each of these lines to start or stop acquisition on a rising or falling edge Transistor transistor logic NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual Glossary V VCO Voltage controlled oscillator An oscillator that changes frequency depending on a control signal used in a PLL to generate a stable pixel clock VI Virtual Instrument 1 A combination of hardware and or software elements typically used with a PC that has the functionality of a classic stand alone instrument 2 A LabVIEW software module VI which consists of a front panel user interface and a block diagram program VSYNC Vertical synchronization signal The synchronization pulse generated at the beginning of each video field that tells the video monitor when to start a new field NI PXI PCI 1411 User Manual G 10 ni com Index A acquisition acquisition window control 2 4 acquisition scaling and ROI circuitry 2 3 start conditions 2 4 acquisition window 2 4 application software Vision Builder AI 1 3 Vision Development Module 1 3 block diagram of NI 1411 2 1 board configuration NVRAM 2 4 bus master PCI interface 2 3 C cables custom 3 2 calibration certificate NI resources B 2 color overview definition
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