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HP 3586C User's Manual

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1. Configures the instrument to receive a lower sideband signal AA e Configures the instrument to receive an upper sideband signal 3 8 16 Coarse Tuning 3 8 17 The instrument is coarsely tuned whenever the input signal is within the instrument bandpass In the NOISE TONE measurement mode the instrument is coarsely tuned by simply entering the Entry Frequency 3 8 18 Entering The Entry Frequency Use the following procedure to enter either the car rier frequency or the RF test tone frequency in accord with the Entry Frequency mode selec tion STEP 1 Press STEP 2 Enter the significant digits and decimal as required x i kHz STEP 3 Press or 3 8 19 Fine Tuning ay 3 8 20 Use the procedure given below to fine tune the instrument to the tone on the message channel COUNTER STEP i Turn the e On The counted RF frequency of the 1kHz test tone on the message channel will appear in the Frequency Entry display STEP 2 Press Counter to Frequency This causes the counter reading to modify the contents of the Entry Frequency register The new Entry Frequency will be displayed for a few seconds and then the display reverts back to the counted frequency The Entry Frequency may be different from the counted frequency depending on the instrument model and Entry Frequency mode 3 8 21 Instrument Configuration For Noise Tone 3 8 22 Averaging Averaging reduces the random variations in the measured
2. ay ewer OPERATING MANUAL MODEL 3586A B C SELECTIVE LEVEL METER Including Options 001 002 003 and 004 PN This manual applies to instruments with serial q number prefixed 1927A 1928A and 1929A WARNING To prevent potential fire or shock hazard do not expose equipment to rain or moisture Manual Part No 03586 90011 Microfiche Part No 03586 90061 Copyright Hewlett Packard Company 1979 gr P O Box 301 Loveland Colorado 80537 U S A Printed October 1980 LA eackarn CERTIFICATION Hewlett Packard Company certifies that this product met its published specifications at the time of shipment from the factory Hewlett Packard further certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States Na tional Bureau of Standards to the extent allowed by the Bureau s equpranen facility and to the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members WARRANTY This Hewlett Packard product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment except that in the case of certain components listed in Section I of this manual the warranty shall be for the specified period During the warranty period Hewlett Packard Company will at its option either repair or replace products which prove to be defective For warranty service or repair this product must be returned to a service facility designated by hp
3. 7352 SIGNAL SOURCE hp 3586A787C1 0 32 754 TERMINATIGN BRIDGED MEASUREMENT f B TERMINATED 75 BNC FEMALE POWER PLUG hp 3586A C WECO TYPE 560A WECO TYPE 477B ACCEPTS WECO 358A POWER PLUG SIEMENS TYPE SERIES 1 6 5 6 mm 75 OHM fo ACCEPTS WECO 439A OR 440A A7 POWER PLUS hp 35868 Figure 3 2 2 3 24 POWER PLUS hp 3586A OPTION 081 3586 3 2 2 Connectors For The 75 Ohm Input IVLOUCL JOODAS D L OCICCLIVE 3 2 16 10kQ 50pf Termination The 10kQ 50pf termination is used whenever the im a pedance level of the signal being measured is already 75 ohms In this mode the instrument is a high input impedance 10k ohms shunted by 50 pf voltmeter calibrated to read absolute signal levels power in dBm dBV or dBpw referenced to 75 ohms Its relatively high input impedance in this mode prevents the instrument from seriously loading a 75 ohm signal source or altering a 75 ohm circuit impedance For this reason measurements made directly across functioning circuits are often bridged measurements NOTE Measurements of telecommunications signals in operating systems are almost always made using a terminated input A pad isolates the operating system from the system test point The pad is design ed to have its indicated attenuation when properly terminated This practice of isolating the system test point from the operation circuitry eliminates the chance that the
4. STEP 2 Enter the significant digits and decimal as required STEP 3 Press or as appropriate STEP 4 If there is a kHz test tone on the message channel switch to the Noise Tone measurement mode and complete the tuning procedure beginning with Paragraph 3 8 19 Return to the Impulse measurement mode and this pro cedure when you are finished 3 9 17 Instrument Configuration For Impulse Measurements 3 9 18 Time Time refers to the time duration of an Impulse measurement Any interval up to 99 minutes 59 seconds can be entered with I second resolution Alternatively the instru ment can be set for continuous counting by entering a time greater than the maximum The format for both entry and display of time is Minutes decimal point Seconds 3 77 Impulse Model 3586A B C Use the following procedure to enter time STEP 1 Press The current time entry will appear in the Frequency Entry display Con is con tinuous STEP 2 Enter the minutes press the decimal key then enter the seconds STEP 3 Press ha 3 9 19 Threshold The threshold level is the minimum amplitude of a counted noise spike Noise spikes below the threshold level will not be counted Use the following procedure to enter the threshold level Any level from 119dBm to 25dBm may be entered for the 3586A Any level from 116dBm to 28dBm may be entered for the 3586B STEP 1 Determine the threshold level to be entered in accord with the units select
5. 3 104 MOdEel SIS0OA D L rir 1b Upelauen 3 11 80 Time The format for the Entry parameter Time is I DD DD CR LF spaces added for clarity The units for the digits on the left of the decimal are minutes On the right of the decimal the units are seconds 3 105 106
6. modulation distortion will be negligible Even when the input signal is not dispersed and the intermodulation distortion is not negligible overdriving the input can still be useful Inter modulation distortion products fall at distinct frequencies that depend on the frequencies of the originating signals and the order of the intermodulation distortion Most of the fre quency spectrum remains undisturbed As long as there are no intermodulation products within the bandpass of the instrument measurements are perfectly valid Optimizing the eo signal to noise by overdriving the input is really a manual procedure for implementing the lt u Low Noise measurement mode The advantage of this manual procedure is that the input can be overdriven more than the fixed 5dB provided for by the Low Noise Measurement Mode Overdriving the 100dB Range is very straightforward Using the procedure given in Paragraph 3 2 82 the full scale level can be reduced to a minimum of 35dBm Overdriving the 10dB Range is only slightly more involved 3 2 81 Overdriving On The 10dB Range When the instrument is operated on the 10dB Range the thermal noise is affected only by full scale changes between 50dB and 105 dB Because of this the input cannot be overdriven when the full scale level selected by the instrument in AUTO Full Scale is greater than 50dB Likewise it does no good to reduce the full scale level below 105dBm Another restraint when trying to o
7. 3 11 49 Whenever the hp 3586A B C is remotely tuned to a new signal or whenever the input signal level is changed time must be provided for the IF amplifiers in the instrument to adjust to the new signal conditions If a measurement is taken immediately after any change that affects the signal level in the IF amplifiers the instrument accuracy is reduced There are two ASCII instructions that trigger a measurement in the hp 3586A B C One of the instructions is the group Trigger Message just described It is used to trigger a measurement in concert with other device dependent actions on the bus When this trigger message is used settling time must be provided between the instructions that set the test conditions and the trigger message The amount of time required varies with the Bandwidth selection and the accuracy desired Settling time requirements for each Bandwidth selection and normal instrument accuracy are given in Table 3 11 3 The other trigger command is the programm ing code TR It is sent only to the hp 3586A B C and does not cause a group action Settl ing time for the Bandwidth selection is automatically allotted when this trigger message is received The programming code TR should be used to trigger measurements whenever simultaneous instrument action is not required Table 3 11 3 hp 3586A Settling Time Requirements Bandwidth Minimum tin Hz Settling Time mSec 3 11 50 Implementation The syntax and mnemonics f
8. 3 2 37 Bridging Other Impedances Bridged measurements can be made across impedances other than 75 ohms When this is done the displayed amplitude can be used directly for relative measurements converted to volts or offset recalibrated to read absolute amplitude levels across the new circuit impedance Relative measurements are those in which either a change in level or the difference between two levels is measured For example measuring the gain of an amplifier 3 2 38 Absolute Level Measurements Across Other Impedances By entering an offset the display can be calibrated to read absolute amplitude at difference levels The required offset is found using the following equation Offset 10 logio R1 75 3 2 39 The procedure for entering offsets is given below If more than one offset is to be used all offsets must be combined and entered as a single offset STEP 1 Press the OFFSET control located in the Entry group 3 29 selective MOGEL 3350A B LU STEP 2 Enter the digits and decimal as required MH STEP 3 Press or as appropriate MEAS STEP 4 Press e to resume measurement C NOTE Do not change the Units selection after entering an offset Offsets are not referenced to any particular impedance or level Because of this the magnitude of an entered offset does not change when the Units are changed 3 2 40 Converting to Volts The displayed absolute amplitude levels are calculated from the measured inp
9. 300 85 400 1 4 85 500 7 5 85 620 4 7 85 700 2 7 85 A 800 1 5 85 z 900 0 6 85 w 1000 O REF 50 z 1200 0 2 85 3 1300 0 5 85 1500 1 0 85 1800 1 3 85 2000 4 3 85 2500 es Nn 85 2800 1 9 85 100 200 300 400 600 a00 000 2000 3000 40005000 3000 2 5 1 5 FREQUENCY Hz 3300 5 2 14 5 3500 7 6 1 5 4000 14 5 41 5 4500 21 5 1 5 5000 28 5 1 5 Figure 3 5 2 Weighting Curves Used For WTD Bandwidth Selection 3 58 AYESIMEVE JIOVA BS NY INUISE LALUVINJELSULALIVIL wip JIOOAI D 3 5 28 Direct OFFSET ENTRY 3 5 29 Use the following procedure to directly enter the magnitude of an offset Any value from 199 99dB to 199 99dB can be entered STEP i Press in the Entry control group The current offset will appear in the Measurement Entry display STEP 2 Enter the digits and decimal point as required MH kH STEP 3 Press or as appropriate MEAS STEP 4 Press e to resume measurement CONT The contents of the offset register can be changed in one dB step using the Increment and Decrement keys Press then press or as desired 3 5 30 Offset Entry By Transfer 3 5 31 This method of entering offsets is especially valuable when measuring one signal level relative to another Use the following procedure to transfer an amplitude reading to the s offset storage register STEP 1 Press The entered offset will appear in Meas
10. How much the readings rack is a function of the signal to noise ratio in the instrument and the instrument design Oftentime the signal to noise ratio is so high that the variation in the level is much lower than the resolution of the instrument In those cases the level appears constant 3 2 96 The effect of AVEraging is to reduce the racking of level measurements i e the range of the random level changes As a result most level measurements are closer to the actual input signal plus RMS noise level This not only increases the probability that a single measurement will be accurate but also makes it easier for an operator to interpolate the ac tual level when the display is racking The effect of Averaging is illustrated in Figure 3 2 15 The diagram emphasizes the two most important facts about the effect of averaging level measurements Averaging reduces the variation of the level measurements but does not af fect the actual noise content Note that the width of the curves in the diagram do not necessarily imply a wide variation in level readings For some input signal levels the entire pe range of the horizontal axis could be less than 005dBm PROBABILITY THAT A PARTICULAR LEVEL WILL BE MEASURED LeveL d gt Liem MEASURED LEVEL ACTUAL INPUT INPUT LEVEL LEVEL PLUS NOISE WITH THE AVG GN FHE STANDARD DEVIATIGN IS REDUCED BY A FACTOR OF ABOUT FIVE 3586 3248 Figure 3 2 15 Effect Of A
11. In most cases coarse tuning is ob tained by simply entering the Entry Frequency An additional step may be required whenever a narrow bandwidth is used at high frequencies Under these circumstances it may be necessary to search for the input signal even when the frequency of the signal is precisely known This is because errors in the tuned frequency of the instrument cause the Entry Fre quency to fall outside of the instrument bandpass Other times searching for the input signal is necessary because of operator uncertainty about the frequency of the signal 3When the ENTRY mode is selected the AUTOmatic full scale level is retained until a different value is entered 3 31 1 Ae a Y w 2VEVMLL SYUUTI bs WwW 3 2 55 Entering The Entry Frequency In the Selective operating modes the Entry Fre 7 quency is the Frequency at the center of the instrument bandpass Use the following pro cedure to enter the Entry Frequency STEP 1 Press STEP 2 Enter the significant digits A Hz kHz MHz Notice that these keys permit any frequency to be entered three different ways 3 2 56 Searching For The Input Signal NOTE This step should not be necessary if the frequency of the input signal is precisely known AND The hp 35864 B and the signal source are locked to the same frequency reference OR 2 A high stability frequency reference is used in the instrument _ OR 3 If the widest bandwidth is being used Searc
12. Rangen sieur du athe 3 2 68 ssinusiepeee dink 10dB Full Scale tee ie 922572 PEENE AUTO 3The hp 3586A B C automatically calibrates approximately every three minutes when AUTO CAL is on See Paragraph 3 1 17 for details 3 72 Model 3380A B C INolse Lone Frequency Tolarance Hz dB mia Lisl 50 85 Pai 100 85 ccitt AT EE 150 35 p cal 200 85 i i s 7 au 85 2 oe ges E S 500 A za i ane a 600 85 W 30 i Ht 800 0 5 i 1000 85 pod 1200 85 740 mens ai i 1500 85 Jan i 2500 85 t00 200 300 400 600 800 1000 2000 3000 400 5000 3000 1 5 FREQUENCY Hz 3500 1 5 4000 1 5 5000 15 Frequency Tolorance Hz 30 RESPONSE iN dB 50 Ico 200 300 400 600 8060 00 2000 3000 4000 060 FREQUENCY Hz H HHeE eH Yee RH KR HR HH OK A OE g pen wA wh mb d ere ao anug HH HH E 28 5 Figure 3 8 2 Weighting Curves Used For WTD Bandwidth Selection 3 8 26 OFFSETS NOTE The Offset feature is typically used for making amplitude measurements relative to the Test Level Point when measuring signals in telecommunications systems 3 8 27 Amplitude measurement data can be offset by a fixed amount if the operator wishes The offset is entered either directly or by transferring an amplitude reading to the offset storage register When the OF
13. This procedure is given as follows COUNTER STEP 1 Turn the On The counted RF frequency of the kHz test tone on the message channel will appear in the Frequency Entry display STEP 2 Press Counter to Frequency This causes the counter reading to modify the contents of the Entry Frequency register The new Entry Frequency will be displayed for a few seconds and then the display reverts back to the counted frequency The Entry Frequency may be different from the counted frequency depending on the instrument model and the Entry Frequency mode 3 7 18 If a 3586A CCITT version is being used to measure the Jitter of a signal not EN associated with a message channel the Entry Frequency press FREQ to obtain Entry Fre W quency will be offset 200Hz from the counted frequency However both the instrument tuning and the counted frequency are correct Simply ignore the Entry Frequency by leaving the counter on 3 67 Jitter Model 3586A B C 3 7 19 instrument Configuration For Jitter Measurements 3 7 20 Full Scale Use AUTOmatic Full Scale unless you need the special advantage of the Entry Full Scale mode AUTOmatic Full Scale offers two advantages over Entry Full Scale 1 The dynamic range is wider 75dB vs 45dB and 2 the instrument will configure itself for the best signal to noise obtainable without overloading The Entry mode is used only as a last resort to eliminate constant autoranging or when making repetitive measu
14. Wi1a cbdanaG IVIOUCL DI0ULY Ds VU 3 3 13 600 Ohms Balanced input terminated in 600 ohms The maximum input power is 27dBm A differential or common mode voltage of up to 42 VDC can be applied to this cn termination Mca 3 3 14 Instrument Configuration For Wideband Measurements 3 3 15 Full Scale Use AUTOmatic Full Scale unless you need the special advantage of the Entry mode When AUTO full scale is used the instrument automatically configures the in strument for the best signal to noise ratio obtainable without overloading The entry mode is useful when making repetitive measurements at the same signal level In these applications using the Entry mode eliminates the time required for the instrument to autorange to each new input signal 3 3 16 Averaging NOTE Additional information on the Averaging function is given in Chapter Two beginning with Paragraph 3 2 95 3 3 17 Averaging reduces the range of the random variations in the measured level To the operator variations in the measured level appear as racking of the Measurement Entry display or as ripple on the rear panel METER output These variations arise from two sources One source is noise either the internal noise of the instrument or noise in the input signal The second source is somewhat obscure When the input signal consists of two or more constant amplitude signals with nearly the same frequency a beat note is created that appears as a level variation to the D
15. and single level impulse noise measurements all with one instrument The capability to make all these transmission impairment measurements combined with both FDM voice channel and carrier frequency measurements is available only on the 3586A B Standard models include a 1740Hz psophometric or 2000Hz C message equivalent noise filter or weighted noise measurements can be made directly with the 3100Hz channel filter and noise a weighting filter provided with the Transmission Impairments Option 003 Filter shape factor are of lt 1 2 provides 60dB carrier and 75dB adjacent channel rejection 1 2 LTANI NEWA Sw Be arr Ne AF WLW EEA BARR USA RARCAULAVAL oN 1 11 Synthesizer accuracy and resolution is made possible with a fractional n synthesized ae local oscillator 0 1Hz resolution and 1 x 10 5 year stability 2 x 10 7 year optional provides the 3586A B with high resolution tuning The counter can be used to measure a fre quency precisely then tuned to with one keystroke 1 12 The 3586A SLM uses an 800Hz tone frequency for entry reference and for 800Hz tone level measurements A 1010 15Hz notch for noise with tone and impulse noise and 1010 50Hz for phase jitter measurements is used when the Transmission Impairments Op tion 003 is included The 3586B SLM uses 1004Hz for all tone and impairments measurements 1 13 RMS wideband power measurements from 20 to 45dBm can be made from 20kHz to 1OMHz with 1 0dB accuracy and from 2
16. echoes For this reason BRIDGED measurements can be safely made on functioning circuits This is not meant to imply that all measurements on functioning circuits are made using the Bridged input In telecommunications systems for in stance pads are often placed between the operating system and the test point The ter minated 600 Ohm Input of the instrument is used to terminate the attenuator pad 3 2 35 While the input impedance is high enough to prevent the hp 3586A from disturb ing the circuit it is also low enough to cause a significant measurement error If the im pedance of the circuit under test is exactly 600 ohms the error due to loading effect is ae 2567dB If desired the displayed amplitude level can be corrected by entering an offset of a 26dB Use the following procedure to enter the offset If more than one offset is to be used they must be combined first and entered as a single offset 3 28 ILVEUUTL VIOUS bys W OCLeEClTIVve Figure 3 2 6 Balanced Measurement STEP 1 Turn OFFSET ON OFF control ON STEP 2 Press STEP 3 Enter the decimal and digits as required 5 MHz kHz rS STEP 4 Press or as appropriate MEAS STEP 5 Press o CONT 3 2 36 In the BRIDGED measurement mode the maximum input power voltage is 27dB Normally there will not be a DC component to the input signal However if there is a DC component it must not exceed 42 volts either differential or common mode
17. hp 3586A B C will configure itself for the best signal to noise obtainable without overloading The noise referred to in this statement is not just thermal noise but also includes intermodulation distortion products and spurious CN signals produced by the local oscillator The amplitude of the thermal noise and the inter Fef modulation distortion vary oppositely with respect to the full scale level For example reducing the full scale level with respect to a fixed input signal level effectively reduces the thermal noise and increases the intermodulation distortion This relationship is illustrated in Figure 3 2 8 At a certain full scale level the thermal noise and the intermodulation distor tion are equal In this instrument both are more than 70dB below the maximum input power when this happens Note that the spurious signals caused by the local oscillator are even lower and do not vary with full scale This is the full scale level selected by the instrument when it is in Automatic It is the full scale level that gives the wide reliable dynamic range No matter what the tuned frequency and no matter what the composition of the input signal when the instrument is in Automatic Full Scale the operator can be certain that all noise is more than 70dB below maximum input power Because of this and since full scale informa tion is not needed when making measurements the operator can generally ignore the full scale level once he has selecte
18. is placed in series with the 3100Hz Bandwidth filter Both plots of these weighting curves are illustrated in Figure 3 2 14 Measurements of weighted noise signals correspond closely to i subjective evaluations of the unweighted noise level 3 2 91 Units 3 2 92 Units of dBm dBpw dB 775V or dBV hp 3586C only can be selected for the amplitude level presented in the Measurement Entry display by pressing the corresponding UNITS control The 0dBm reference level is one milliwatt dissipated in the impedance selected from the TERMINATION control group Similarly the OdBpw reference level is one picowatt dissipated in the impedance selected from the TERMINATION control group Note that units of dBpw are identical to the dBrn units used in some segments of the Telecommunications Industry when making level measurements The reference level of the dB 775V units is 775 volt the reference level of the dBV units is one volt Annunciators located next to the Amplitude Level Display lable the displayed amplitude with the selected units 3 2 93 Averaging 3 2 94 Averaging reduces the range of the random variations in the measured level To the operator variations in the measured level appear as racking of the Measurement Entry display or as ripple on the rear panel METER output These variations arise from two sources One source is noise either the internal noise of the instrument or noise in the input signal The second source is somewha
19. scale reduction When the level reading begins to increase or if the letters OL ap pear in the Measurement Entry display switch back to the first prior full scale level i e the full scale level that caused the lowest level reading The lowest level reading occurs when the signal to noise ratio is highest 3 2 83 Bandwidth 3 2 84 The primary function of the Bandwidth controls is to select how much of the fre quency spectrum will be measured Since the Bandwidth selections do not have the same selectivity a secondary effect of these controls is to determine the selectivity of the instru ment The standard and optionally available bandwidths are described below 3 2 85 20Hz The approximate selectivity curve of the 20Hz Bandwidth is illustrated in Figure 3 2 9 This Bandwidth can be used at any frequency within the range of the instru ment 50Hz to 32 5MHz 3 2 86 400Hz The approximate selectivity curve of the 400Hz Bandwidth is illustrated in Figure 3 2 10 When selected local oscillator feedthrough limits the dynamic range of the in strument at Entry Frequencies of 1200Hz or less 3 2 87 2000Hz hp 3586B The approximate selectivity curve of the 2000Hz Bandwidth is illustrated in Figure 3 2 11 When selected local oscillator feedthrough limits the dynamic range at Entry Frequencies greater than SkHz The 2000Hz Bandwidth is found on the Bell version of the instrument hp 3486B Of special interest to operators making me
20. this ouput is coupled to the EXT REF INPUT 10MHz N using the BNC to BNC Adapter The frequency of this output stabilizes in less than 10 minutes after initial instrument cold turn on O MA WALEWA EAL boa eae BARRIS BAAR ENW EL EXTernai REFerence input 1OMHz N Input for an ex ternal frequency reference The reference frequency must be an integral submultiple of 1OMHz ie N 1 2 3 The level of the reference signal must be greater than or equal to 10dBm METER Output Provides a DC voltage corresponding to the amplitude displayed on the front panel An output of zero volts corresponds to a signal amplitude equal to the Full Scale level The sensitivity is 100mV dB on the 10dB8 range and 1O0mV dB on the 100dB range see Paragraph 3 1 41 AUDIO OUtput Outputs the detected audio signal for further testing usually impairment measurements the level of the output varies with the Full Scale setting and the signal level When the signal leveli is at Full Scale the open circuit output leel is nominally 75OmVp p The output impedance is nominally 10k ohms see Paragraph 3 5 20 JITTER Output Outputs the detected phase jitter for further analysis The sensitivity is nominally 166mV per degree of phase jitter The output impedance is nomin ally 10k ohms see Psaragraph 3 7 4 Fo O 32MHz Output Tracking signal source for net work analysis The frequency of this output always equals the frequency at
21. zero for the hp 3586A B C must come from the instrument documen tation A technical description of the implementation of the Remote Message is presented in Figure A 4 of Appendix A 3 11 30 Local The Local Message switches the hp 3586A B C from Remote to Local operation The instrument is operated using front panel controls while in the Local mode Another way of switching the instrument to the Local mode is to actuate the front panel LOCAL control providing it has not been disabled see Local Lockout Message Paragraph 3 11 32 3 11 31 Implementation The syntax and mnemonics for the program statement that im plements the Local Message are found in the controller documentation Only the listen ad dress which is zero for the hp 3586A B C is taken from the instrument documenta tion An instrument must be addressed to listen in order for it to enter the Local mode A technical description of the Local Message implementation is presented in Figure A 5 of Ap pendix A 3 11 32 Local Lockout The Local Lockout Message disables the LOCAL contro on the front panel of the instrument This prevents the casual passer by from interfering with system operation by pressing buttons The instrument can still be switched to Local by send ing a Local Message over the HP IB If the LOCAL control is locked out and the instrument is switched to Local using the Local Message the LOCAL control will remain disabled When the instrument is agai
22. 2 3 Figure 3 2 9 Approximate Selectivity Curve For The 20Hz Bandwidth fe 1000Hz 30dB P P N 7 fe 650 Hz fe 1560 Hz OCleciuve 30 dB P P f 1100Hz 3586 3 2 19 Figure 3 2 10 Approximate Selectivity Curve For The 400Hz Bandwidth fe 100CHz fe 650 Hz fe 1560 Hz 3586 3 2 11 Figure 3 2 11 Approximate Selectivity Curve For The 2000Hz Bandwidth fe 870Hz fe 870Hz 47 3008 P P ae S fe 550H2 fe 550Hz fer L350Hz fo 1350Hz 3586 3 2 12 Figure 3 2 12 Approximate Selectivity Curve For The 1740Hz Bandwidth fo 1S50Hz fe 1550Hz 4 36dB P P fe iG00Hz fe 1000Hz fe i850Hz fe 1850Hz 3566 3 2 13 Figure 3 2 13 Approximate Selectivity Curve For The 3100Hz Bandwidth 3 41 MCICULIVE WROUCE DIODAY G U 3 2 89 3100Hz Option 003 The approximate selectivity curve of the 3100Hz Bandwidth is illustrated in Figure 3 2 13 When selected local oscillator feedthrough limits the dynamic range at Entry Frequencies greater than 5kHz The 3100Hz Bandwidth is used in both the CCITT hp 3586A and Bell hp 3586B versions of the instrument While this Bandwidth is useful for general purpose applications it is especially valuable when troubleshooting pro blems in telecommunications systems The bandwidth of a message channel is 3100Hz Measurements of message channel signals at audio frequencies are usually made with wide band instruments
23. 3 752 BNC Coaxial Cables 3 500 BNC Coaxiai Cables Siemens 3 prong to m BNC Cable must be modified see Tabie 4 4 3586A only Siemens 1 6 5 6mm to f BNC Adapter 3586A opt 001 only 2 im BNC to single Banana jack adapter 3 Mini Weco to f BNC adapter 35868 standard 3 Large Weco to f BNC adap ter 3586B opt 001 2 1 4 Phone Plug to f BNC adapter 35868 Weco 310 plug to f BNC adap ter 3586B Duai Banana to f BNC adap ter 3586C 1 0 1 Three f BNC isolated 1 0 1 Three f BNC isolated 0757 0346 0698 6346 Pomona 2102 0757 0346 0698 7363 Pomona 2102 Available from Pomona Electronics P O Box 2767 Pomona CA 1766 0698 7408 1250 0052 11048 27503 1250 0083 11048 27604 11652 60014 11652 60013 11652 60012 41170A W amp G k164 W amp G 230 Available from W amp G Instruments inc 119 Nayton Ave Livingston NJ 07039 Pomona 3430 0 1250 0556 1 11 Wenecral tHLOlIInauVUl IVLOUCL JOOUA D L Table 1 2 Recommended Test Equipment Cont d Critical Specifications Application Recommended hp Medel No P 12500781 2 BNC T 1250 0216 m BNC to im BNC adapter 0698 7363 75Q Resistor 0698 0064 5OQ Resistor P Performance Tests A Adjustments R Repair Table 1 3 hp 3586A B C Selective Level Meter Configurations ae 3586A CCITT 3586B North American 3586C General Pu
24. 3586A B C elective 3 2 79 IF Overload Underload The IF underload overload detector functions only when the 10dB Range is used When the signal level in the IF amplifier is too high the letters OL Overload will appear in the Measurement Entry display Either reduce the input signal level or increase the full scale level when this happens In AUTOmatic full scale the full scale level is automatically selected to prevent overloading Therefore when the instru ment is in AUTO an overload indication will appear only momentarily during autoranging An underload condition exists when the signal in the IF amplifiers is below the operating range of the Detector Logger The letters UL Underload appear in the Measurement Entry display when this happens IF Underloads occur in only the ENTRY Full Scale operating mode Depending on the circumstances one of three actions is in dicated 1 reduce the full scale 2 increase the input signal level or 3 switch to the 100dB range 3 2 80 Optimizing The Signal To Noise The signal to thermal noise ratio can be improved by overdriving the input of the instrument This is done by entering a full scale level that is lower than the one selected by the instrument when it is in AUTOmatic Full Scale Overdriv ing the input also raises the amplitude of the intermodulation distortion If the power of the input signal is sufficiently dispersed throughout a wide bandwidth even the increased inter
25. 600 ohms 25dB Balance Frequency Balance 1240 TOkHz to 1OMHz 36dB 4369 or 1502 JOkHz to TMHz 36dB 6000 50Hz to 108kHz 40dB DEMODULATED AUDIG OUTPUT Demodulates an erect USB or inverted LS8 SSB telephone channel provides speaker or headphone output S d with volume control Carrier is re inserted at 1850Hz to align channel filter precisely on a voice channel Gutput Level OdBm into 6000 at full scale adjustable Output Connecter Front Panel mates with WECO 347 or 1 4 phone plug TRACKING GENERATOR Level OdBm at 10kHz 5dB Flatness 50Hz to 32MHz 5dB TRANSMISSION IMPAIRMENTS OPTIGN 003 Adds transmission impairment measurement capability to standard instrument Measures phase jitter noise with tone single fevel impulse noise and weighted noise at voice channel and carrier frequencies 3100Hz channel filter and C message or psophometric weighted noise filter replaces the standard 2000Hz or 1740Hz equivalent noise filter Phase Jitter A phase jitter measurement can be made at any input signal frequency up to 32 5MHz that produces a 960 1060Hz tone in the demodulated output Meets BSP 41009 and CCITT recommendation 0 91 Demodulated Tone Frequency Accuracy 960 to 1060Hz 10 5 p p input Signal Level Residual Phase Jitter lt 30dB below full scale 65d8m minimum lt 5 pp 50kHzto32 5MHz E Frequency Response 20 to 300Hz 1 8 ASANA AEWA e AIA ee ed Table 1 1 3586A B C P
26. D W D a Power input Receptacle Accepts power cord supplied with the instrument see Paragraph 2 5 and 2 7 Fuse Holder Contains the line fuse Use a 2A 250V fast blow fuse for 100 volts or 120 volt operation For 220 volt or 240 volt operation use a 1A 250 volt fast blow fuse see Paragraph 2 25 Voltage Selector Switches Selects one of four line voltage ranges Nominal settings are TOOV 120V 220V and 240V Line voltage must be within 13 3 to 6 of the nominal line voltage setting see Paragraph 2 24 HP IB Troubleshooting Test Switch When set to TEST the HP IB Assembly A61 enters a troubleshooting test mode Tracking Synthesizer Switch Selects the Tracking Generator Operating mode when set to TRACK With the instrument in this mode the output frequency of certain synthesizers will track the tuning of the instru ment see Paragraph 3 1 15 HP IB Address Selection Switches Binary weighted switches that set the HP IB Device talk and listen Adress of the instrument The device address is set to 16 at the factory see Paragraph 2 31 HP IB Connector Input Output port for HP IB operation of the Instrument Accepts all hp 10631 HP IB Cables equipped with METRIC threaded lockscrews Metric threaded lockscrews are black see Paragraph 2 29 1OMHz Oven Output Option 004 Provides an ac curate high long term stability frequency reference for the instrument Normally
27. Directivity 7 5O Directional Bridge 30db Return Loss 8721A opt 008 40dB Directivity 1240 Return Loss Coupler Part No 5061 1136 35868 Standard 12402 Return Loss Coupler Part No 5061 1137 3586B opt 001 J 1500 Return Loss Coupler Part No 5061 7135 759 5V Thermal Converter Must include Calibration sheet 11051A HO7 opt 002 1 9 Mr wR Wwe ee RR Re oe iVEWULL JJV Lar Ww Table 1 2 Recommended Test Equipment Critical Specifications Application Recommended hp Medel Ne BOQ 1V Thermal Converter Must include Calibration sheet 11050A opt 002 Frequency Doubier 10545A 2 5002 7502 Minimum Loss 50Hz to 32 5MHz 30dB return 85428B Pads loss 752 to balanced 1240 matching pad consisting of 1 00Resistor 0757 0346 i 209 Resistor 0757 0384 1219 Resistor 0757 0403 68 10 Resistor 0757 0397 200 Ten Turn Potentiometer 2100 3315 2000 Ten Turn Potentiometer 2100 3095 2kQ Ten Turn Potentiometer 27100 3109 1kQ2 Ten Turn Potentiometer 2400 3154 Enclosure Three f BNC grounded Pomona 3232 75Q to Balanced 1350 matching pad consisting of 24 32 Resistor 0757 0386 1210 Resistor 0757 0403 752 Resistor 0757 0398 5000 Ten furn Potentiometer 2100 3123 2kQ2 Ten Turn Potentiometer 2100 3169 1k2 Ten Turn Potentiometer 2100 3154 Enclosure Three f BNC grounded Pomona 3232 750 to balanced 6000 matching pad consisting of 100 Resistor 0757 0346 6190 Resistor 0757 0418 1100 Resistor 0757 0402 08 Ten Turn Potentiomete
28. FREQ STEP i Press STEP 2 Enter the digits and decimal as required STEP 3 Press or as appropriate STEP 4 Press oe CONT 3 2 61 Fine Tuning 3 2 62 The instrument can be fine tuned to input signals consisting of voice traffic or input signals that contain dominant amplitude single frequency components 3 2 63 Fine Tuning To Signals Dominated By A Single Frequency Component Basically the procedure for fine tuning the instrument to an input signal of this nature is to measure the frequency of the signal and transfer the result to the Entry Frequency register This pro cedure is presented in detail STEP 1 Coarsely tune the instrument this is already done if you are following the pro cedure in this manual STEP 2 Turn the Counter OFF ON control on 3 33 Oe1ecrive RYRVMEWA UVES KAI OW 3 34 MEAS STEP 3 Press The frequency of the input signal will appear in the Frequency Entry display STEP 4 Press This transfers the counter reading to the frequency register The contents of the frequency register determine the tuned frequency of the in strument 3 2 64 Fine Tuning To Voice Signals The instrument is fine tuned to voice signals by ad justing for natural sound This procedure is presented in detail STEP 1 Select FREQuency STEP for the resolution of the Frequency Tune Control STEP 2 Turn up the volume STEP 3 Adjust the Frequency Tune Control for natural sound 3 2 65 INSTRUMENT CONFIG
29. JHOULL 1 WN grounded instrument cabinet must not be negated by the use of an extension cord without a protective ground conductor 2 If this instrument is to be energized via an auto transformer to reduce or increase the line voltage make sure that the common ter minal is connected to the earthed pole of the power source 2 11 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS WARNING To prevent potential electrical or fire hazard do not expose equip ment to rain or moisture 2 12 Operating Environment 2 13 In order for the hp 3586A B C to meet the specifications listed in Table 1 1 the operating environment must be within the following limits Temperature o 04 akc keh ee 0 C to 55 C 32 F to 131 F Relative Humidity sessessesrrssssssosrsessses 95 Altitude EEA TOEA lt 4600 metres 15 000 ft Magnetic Field Strength 0 cece cece eee ceees lt 0 1 gauss 2 14 Cooling System The hp 3586A B C uses a forced air cooling system to maintain the proper internal operating temperature The cooling fan is located on the rear panel Air drawn through the rear panel fan filter is circulated through the instrument and exhausted through holes in the left side panel The instrument should be mounted to permit as much air circulation as possible with at least one inch of clearance at the rear and on each side The filter for the cooling fan should be removed and cleaned at least once every 30 days To clean the fan
30. Ohm Input 3 2 31 Balanced Inputs Balanced circuits are those with two outputs which are electrically identical and symmetrical with respect to ground The balanced inputs on the hp 3586A permit the outputs of balanced signal sources to be measured without disturbing their rela tionship to ground A balanced measurement is illustrated in Figure 3 2 6 Balanced measurements are not nearly as susceptible to ground loop problems as are terminated measurements Ground loop voltages tend to be identical on both inputs so they are cancel eN led by the common mode rejection characteristics of the instrument 3 2 32 Not only is the 600 Ohm Input balanced but it is also floating A transformer isolates this input from the rest of the circuitry and most important from ground As a result this input is especially free from ground loop problems 3 2 33 600 Ohm Terminated Input The 600 Ohm Input is used whenever the signal source circuitry needs to be terminated in 600 ohms 3 2 34 Bridged Measurements The bridged measurement mode is used whenever the im pedance of the signal being measured is already 600 ohms In this mode the hp 3586A is a high input impedance 10kQ shunted by 50pf voltmeter calibrated to read absolute signal levels power in dBm dBv or dBpw referenced to 600 ohms Its input impedance is high enough to prevent it from seriously loading a 6000 signal source or altering a 6000 circuit im pedance and causing reflections
31. TILE V pV GLIV 3 11 45 Pass Control The Pass Control message transfers the management of the bus cen from the system controller to another device in the system The hp 3586A B C does not a have controller capabilities See either the system controller documentation or the documen tation of a device that does have controller capabilities for more information on this message 3 11 46 Abort The Abort message is used by the system controller to regain control of the HP IB from an active controller When received the instrument stops talking or listening See the system controller documentation for more information on this message Serial Poll Enable Poll Device A YES Evaluate Status Byte NO Poll Device B Corrective Action eg Print Message To Did Device A Request Service Operator Did Device B Request Service YES Evaluate Status Byte Corrective Action eg Print Message To Operator Serial Poll Disable Figure 3 11 2 Flow Chart For Typical Serial Poll 3 95 RAR TALLI Np wa anaes VIVE FIVOUSR B W 3 11 47 Simultaneous Device Action On The HP iB The Trigger Message 3 11 48 The Trigger Message causes a predefined response in each device receiving it In the hp 3586A B C the predefined response is an immediate measurement When the Trigger Message is sent to more than one device the predefined response in all devices occurs simultaneously
32. When the OFFSET OFF ON control is on an offset stored within the instrument is subtracted from the measured signal level The result is then presented in the Measurement Entry Display An 0 is appended to the unit s annunciator to indicate that the displayed level is offset Zero is subtracted from the measured signal level if no offset has been entered An offset can be entered by entering its magnitude directly or by transferring an amplitude reading to the offset storage register Entries can be made with the OFFSET OFF ON control either on or off Offsets are retained until another value is entered or the instrument is turned off To display the Offset press Press meas to resume measurement CONT NOTE Make the Units selection before entering the offset Offsets are not sm referenced to any particular impedance or level Because of this a the magnitude of an entered offset does not change when the Units are changed 3 2 100 Direct Offset Entry Use the following procedure to directly enter the magnitude of an offset Any value from 199 99dB to 199 99dB can be entered STEP 1 Press OFFSET in the Entry control group The current offset will appear in the Measurement Entry display STEP 2 Enter the digits and decimal point as required STEP 3 Press or as appropriate STEP 4 Press aie to resume measurement The contents of the offset register can be changed in one dB step using the Increment an
33. actuated by the ASCII character groups Hz KZ and MZ respec rap Uperalon 3 101 rr Uperation Model 3586A B C tively For example to enter an Entry Frequency of 250kHz the ASCII character group FR 250 KZ is sent As before the order within the group is important however this ASCH character group can be placed anywhere in a larger group of instrument instructions Observe that the groups E1 FR250KZ T1 and FR250KZ E1 T1 and T1 E1 FR250KZ all result in the same instrument settings Other functions of the hp 3586A B C set by this method are Frequency Step Full Scale Offset Threshold and Time 3 11 64 Gutputting Data From The hp 3586A B C 3 11 65 Data Message The Data Message is used to transfer the results of measurements or the value of any entered parameter from the hp 3586A B C to another device on the HP IB Usually the device receiving the data is the controller Entered parameters are those instrument functions such as Frequency and Threshold that are set by entering numerical values The instructions sent to the instrument before it is instructed to send data determine which type of data will be transferred If a measure instruction is sent measurement data will be transferred Likewise if an interrogate instruction is sent the value of the entry parameter designated in the instruction will be sent 3 11 66 Implementation The syntax and mnemonics for the program statement used to imple
34. are not operator select uo able they still should be understood Each wide bandwidth selection has special characteristics that effect the interpretation of noise measurements SU 3 5 5 1740 Hz 2000Hz The 1740 Bandwidth is the noise bandwidth equivalent of a psophometric weighted 3100Hz bandwidth Likewise 2000Hz is the noise bandwidth equivalent of a C Message weighted 3100Hz bandwidth This means that if the input signal is white noise an instrument equipped with one of these bandwidths would read the same level read by an instrument equipped with a 3100Hz bandwidth and the corresponding weighting filter The correlation between the readings on the two instruments would vary with the similarity of the input signal to the white noise 3 5 6 3100Hz The 3100 Bandwidth is especially valuable for troubleshooting subtle pro blems in telecommunications systems All measurements impairment as well as level of signals at high levels in the FDM hierarchy will correspond to similar measurements made on the same signals at different locations where the message channel signal is at audio fre quencies This is possible because of the excellent selectivity Shape Factor 1 2 and flatness Bandpass Ripple lt 25dB of this filter A more comprehensive description of this Bandwidth selection is given in Paragraph 3 2 89 3 5 7 Input Termination 3 5 8 Select the input TERMINATION in accord with the test point to which the instru ment is be
35. bandwidth This means that if the input signal is white noise an instrument equipped with one of these bandwidths would read the same level read by an instrument equipped with a 3100Hz bandwidth and the corresponding weighting filter The correlation between the readings on the two instruments would vary with the similarity of the input signal to white noise 3 8 7 3100Hz The 3100Hz Bandwidth is especially valuable for troubleshooting subtle problems in telecommunications systems All measurements impairment as well as level of signals at high levels in the FDM heirarchy will correspond to similar measurements made on the same signals at different locations where the message channel signal is at audio fre quencies This is possible because of the excellent selectivey Shape Factor 1 2 and flatness Bandpass Ripple lt 25dB of this filter A more comprehensive description of this Bandwidth selection is given in Paragraph 3 2 89 KREY Frequency Domain Multiplexing 3 69 Noise Tone Model 3586A B C 3 8 8 Input Termination AN 3 8 9 Select the input TERMINATION in accord with the test point to which the instru ment is being connected The dominant consideration is the impedance In the vast majority of cases a terminated input with a particular impedance is required the maximum input power of all inputs is 27dBm 5 watts For all inputs except the 50 ohm and 75 ohm in puts the maximum DC voltage between any two terminal
36. by their color English threaded D107 fasteners are colored silver and metric threaded fasteners pies are colored black DO NOT mate silver and black fasteners EOI to each other or the threads of either or both will be REN destroyed Metric threaded HP IB cable hardware illustra DAV tions and part numbers follow NRFED LOCKSCREW LONG MOUNTING STUD SHORT MOUNTING STUD NDAC 1390 0360 0360 0643 0380 0644 IFC l ae SRQ K AK x ATN ts a SHIELD CHASSIS GROUND P O TWISTED PAIR WITH PIN 6 P O TWISTED PAIR WITH PIN 7 P O TWISTED PAIR WITH PIN THESE PINS P O TWISTED PAIR WITH PIN 9 INTERNALLY P O TWISTED PAIR WITH PIN 10 GROUNDED P O TWISTED PAIR WITH PIN 44 ISOLATED DIGITAL GROUND Figure 2 6 HP IB Connector 2 8 ALTAI MEWE WIA AT rT ee BILOVLULIMELVIEL 7 2 32 HP IB Address Selection The hp 3586A B C is shipped from the factory with an f D ASCII listen address of zero and a talk address of P These addresses correspond to a iki Select Code of sixteen If another device with the same select code is used in the system either its select code or that of the hp 3586A B C must be changed Changing the select code of the hp 3586A B C is accomplished using the DIP switches on the rear panel see Figure 2 7 NORM TEST instrument should always be operated with this switch in the NORM position The instrument will not function pro perly in the TEST mode REM TRK in the REMOTE position this swit
37. data This is done by sending an interrogate instruction to the instrument An interrogate instruction consists of the ASCII characters IN followed by the ASCII instruction for the prefix of the selected parameter For example to interrogate the Frequency Step the ASCII character group IN SP is sent The interrogate instruction is sent using the Data message like all other program ming instructions It can be sent in a group of instructions as long as a measure instruction does not follow it in the group If a measure instruction follows an interrogate instruction the interrogate instruction is negated Once the parameter has been interrogated its value will appear in the appropriate display until it is output The selected Entry parameter will be output when the instrument is addressed to talk 3 11 77 Entry Parameter Formats The symbols that are used in these descriptions are defined as follows D stands for Digit 0 to 9 CR stands for carriage return LF stands for line feed All other characters are sent exactly as they appear 3 11 78 Frequency and Frequency Step The Frequency and Frequency Step are output in units of Hz The format for these Entry parameters is I DD DDD DDD D CR LF space added for clarity 3 11 79 Full Scale Offset and Threshold The Full Scale Offset and Threshold are output in units of decibels The format for these entry parameters is IS DDD DDD CR LF spaces added for clarity
38. described by compar ing the instrument performance in this mode with that of the Low Distortion Mode When the total power is greater than 35dBm the thermal noise with the instrument in Low Noise will be 5dB lower than when the instrument is in the Low Distortion Mode Below input powers of 35dBm the two measurement modes are identical Reducing the thermal noise when the total input power is relatively high is valuable for two reasons First low level signals are more likely to be masked by thermal noise than by any other type of noise or in terference Second in the applications for which the hp 3586A B C was designed it is not uncommon for the input power to be much larger than the signal to be measured As you might imagine this improvement in signal to thermal noise ratio cannot be obtained without sacrificing some other performance parameter Again compared to Low Distortion the in termodulation distortion products are increased from 80dB below Maximum Input Power MIP to 70dB below MIP Spurious signals remain unaffected at greater than 80dB below MIP With intermodulation distortion products fully 1SdB higher than the thermal noise a question naturally arises What good does it do to reduce the thermal noise to 85dB below MIP The answer to this question depends on the nature of the input signal If the power of the input signal is sufficiently dispersed and the individual components of the composite signal are rando
39. drop If the reading increases there very definitely is an intermodulation product in the bandpass of the instrument An even more conclusive test is to change the input signal level 1dB with the instrument in LOW NOISE If the displayed amplitude drops approximately 1dB then there are no intermodulation pro ducts in the instrument bypass If it changes more than 1dB then the reading is being af fected by an intermodulation product When this happens it is sometimes possible to eliminate the undesired signal by slightly mistuning the instrument Some intermodulation products change frequency very rapidly with respect to tuning changes If the intermodula tion product cannot be eliminated switch the instrument to LOW DISTORTION It is not possible to make LOW NOISE measurements of all signals 3 2 10 INPUT OUTPUT CONNECTIONS 3 2 41 75 50 Ohm Input 3 2 12 This is an unbalanced input which is calibrated to read asolute power levels refer enced to 75 ohms An input level of 274V which is Imw into 75 ohms causes an amplitude level reading of OdBm Either 10kQ 5Opf or terminated measurements may be made using this input see Figure 3 2 1 When the 75 ohm impedance is furnished by the signal source circuitry the 10kQ 5Opf measurement mode is selected The terminated or 75 ohm input is used whenever the signal source circuitry must be terminated in 75 ohms All of the various connectors used on this input are illustrated and identified in F
40. level Ran dom level variations are evidenced by an erratic level reading in the Measurement Entry display and by ripple in the rear panel meter output signal The variations may be due to noise in the input signal internal instrument noise or low frequency beat notes caused by E two or more closely spaced frequencies in the input signal The beat frequency phenomenon aa would usually not occur with the type of input signals normally measured in the ae NOISE DEMODulation mode The typical use of AVEraging in this mode is to reduce the nominal range of the amplitude variations during noise measurements Its effect is il 3 71 Noise Tone Model 3586A B C lustrated in Figure 3 8 1 The outer curve describes the instrument without AVEraging and the inner curve is for the instrument with Averaging Both curves show the probability that a single reading will fall within a particular range of level On the average the instrument will read closer to the true RMS level of the noise when AVEraging is on Note that the max imum range of signal variations is unchanged since a single noise measurement can theoretically be infinite in both cases The price paid for the reduced racking is an increase in measurement time The measurement rate is slowed from approximately four readings every second to approximately one per second Averaging is not normally used when the primary purpose is to monitor a message channel signal or to output the demodulated s
41. located quickly and with a minimum of searching Some of the characteristics that contribute to this feature are 1 separate chapters for each measurement mode 2 an identical format for each chapter where possible and 3 redundant information in the chapters to avoid frequent cross refer encing The redundancy can be burdensome if you are trying to read the section sequen tially Feel free to skip over those paragraphs that sound familiar 3 1 NRE WER MZ WER ALLELE KALA NIE ALAWAR ewe eI RS LAS QW CHAPTER ONE GENERAL OPERATING INFORMATION 3 1 1 This chapter consists of general operating information an Operator s Check and Operator s Maintenance The operating information consists of those aspects of the opera tion applicable to every measurement mode and the functional description of each control given in the Front and Rear Panel pictorial Figure 3 1 1 The following is an index of the primary topics covered in this chapter Paragraph Front and Rear Panel Features 00 0 0 000 00 ees 3 1 2 Tum ON ae Oho Ge ds we tuk Ek RE eae aea ete EEEE 3 1 4 Brr r MICSSARES occse ao aS eS cheese eS 3 1 6 Store Recall of Front Panel Configurations 3 1 9 Operator s CHECK sosen eg S555 eA AAG ee FW 3 1 11 Tracking Generator Operation 0 0 00 cee eee 3 1 15 AUTOmatic CA Libration i fant codons toa kay is howe 3 1 17 Operator s Maintenance sssssersssaserrerrerue 3 1 20 3 1 2 Front and Rear Pan
42. measurements relative to the Test Level Point when measuring signals in telecommunications systems 3 4 22 Amplitude measurement datas can be offset by a fixed amount if the operator wishes The offset is entered either directly or by transferring an amplitude reading to the offset storage register When the OFFSET ON OFF control is on the entered offset will be subtracted from the measured signal level and the result presented in the Measurement En try display Zero is subtracted from the measured signal level if no offset has been entered Entries can be made with the OFFSET OFF ON control either on or off Offsets are re tained until another value is entered or the instrument is turned off To display the Offset press OFFSET Press MEAS CONT to resume measurement NOTE Make the Units selection before entering the offset Offsets are not ges referenced to any particular impedance or level Because of this the magnitude of an entered offset does not change when the Units are changed 3 51 Carrier 3 52 Model 3586A B C 3 4 23 Direct OFFSET ENTRY 3 4 24 Use the following procedure to directly enter the magnitude of an offset Any value from 199 99dB to 199 99dB can be entered STEP 1 Press in the Entry control group The current offset will appear in the Measurement Entry display STEP 2 Enter the digits and decimal point as required STEP 3 Press or as appropriate MEAS STEP 4 Press to resume measu
43. or band of frequencies associated with it that have a fixed relation to either of the Entry Frequencies As long as the entered fre quency is correct for the message channel and the Entry Frequency selection the instrument will automatically tune to the frequency or band of frequencies required by the measurement mode Since the purpose of these controls is to facilitate tuning when measuring signals in telecommunications systems they are functional only when one of the SSB CHANNEL i e telecommunications measurement modes is selected An annunciator in one of the controls remains lit while the instrument is in the Selective measurement mode to indicate how the displayed frequency will be interpreted if the instrument is switched to one of the SSB Chan nel measurement modes 3 8 15 Channel Select the channel in accord with the message channel signal being re ceived 2Message channels are usually designated by their position in the FDM heirarchy for example Master Group Number Supergroup Number Group Number and Channel Number Charts are available in the operating telephone offices that give either the Carrier or Tone frequency for each of the channels Therefore regardless of the exact frequency component of the message channel to be measured it is easiest to tune the instrument using one of these two frequencies The Entry Frequency controls allow the operator to use either frequency 3 70 Model 3586A B C Noise Tone N aa
44. signal level is 40dB or more below Full Scale N 2 3 The Jitter cannot be measured because the 1kHz test tone is not present N 2 9 The Jitter out of Range This can also indicate an instrument failure N 5 The instrument is in Remote and therefore will not re spond to front panel controls i X d evar or The LOCAL control has been disabled by a local Lockout message N 6 1 Accurate Impulse Measurements are unlikely The threshold level is 60dB or more below full scale N 6 2 The threshold level is above the full scale This is a nonsensical instrument configuration N 3 0 _ Instrument Failure At least one of the phase locked loops is unlocked N 4 1 Instrument Failure The impulse counter did not start during CAL N 4 2 Instrument Failure The impulse counter did not stop during CAL N 7 Instrument Failure The Analog to digital convertor was unable to make a conversion within two seconds Calibration Error messages are always instrument failures the format for calibration error messages is 3 15 General Uperating intormdtion MOQEL JD50A B LU CE N oN where N is an alphanumeric character that indicates which step of the calibration sequence failed 3 1 9 STORE RECALL OF INSTRUMENT CONFIGURATIONS 3 1 10 All front panel control settings and entry parameter values comprising a particular front panel configuration can be stored and then recalled for use at a later date
45. signal will be disturbed by instruments connected to the test point 3 2 17 In the 10kQ 50pf measurement mode the absolute maximum safe AC input power is AN 27dBm Normally there will not be a DC component to the input signal However if there is a DC component the power of the composite signal AC DC must not exceed 5 watts os 3 2 18 Measuring Other Impedances Unterminated measurements can be made across im att pedances other than 75 ohms When this is done the displayed amplitude can be used direct ly for relative measurements converted to volts or offset recalibrated to read absolute amplitude levels across the new circuit impedance Relative measurements are those in which either a change in level or the difference between two levels is measured For example measuring the gain of an amplifier 3 2 19 Absolute Level Measurements Across Other Impedances The display can be calibrated to read absolute amplitude at different impedances by entering an offset The re quired offset is found using the following equation Offset 10 log R1 75 3 2 20 The procedure for entering offsets is given below If more than one offset is to be used they must be combined first and entered as a single offset STEP 1 Press the OFFSET control located in the Entry group STEP 2 Enter the digits and decimal as required STEP 3 Press or as appropriate ie MEAS STEP 4 Press amp to resume measurement Na set Cc 0 N T 3 25 WOLEVLIV
46. stack can produce sufficient leverage to damage the connector mounting Be sure that each connector is firmly screwed in place to keep it from working loose see CAUTION in Figure 2 6 Hewlett Packard Interface Bus HP 3 is hp s implementation of IEE Standard 488 1975 Digital Interface for Programmable Instrumentation 2 7 INSTauUallon WIOUCI SOODAYS D L 2 31 Cable Length Restrictions To achieve design performance with the HP IB proper r voltage levels and timing relationships must be maintained If the system cables are too long f the lines cannot be driven properly and consequently the system will fail to perform When interconnecting an HP IB system observe the following rules a The total cable length for the system must be less than or equal to 20 metres 65 feet b The total cable length for the system must be less than or equal to 2 metres 6 feet times the total number of devices connected to the bus Table 2 3 hp 10631 HP IB interconnecting Cables hp 10631 HP IB Cable 1 Metre 3 3 ft 2 Metres 6 6 ft 4 Metres 13 2 ft 0 5 Metres 1 6 ft Di01 ia The hp 3586A 8 C contains metric threaded HP B cable mounting studs as opposed to English threads Metric DIO3 threaded hp 10631A B C or D HP IB cable lockscrews D104 must be used to secure the cable to the instrument Iden DIOS tification of the two types of mounting studs and DIOG lockscrews is made
47. successfully An error code appears in the Measurement Entry display The format of the code is CE N where N is number or letter that indicates to service trained personnel which calibration step failed What should the operator do when a calibration error occurs Note the error code This will be helpful to the service technician should the in strument need repair Cycle the Auto Cal on and off several times If the calibration error appears to be a transient condition continue using the instru ment If the error reoccurs even intermittently the instrument should be evaluated by service trained personnel What is the duration of a calibration cycle About three seconds What happens if controls are actuated during a calibration cycle The instrument will ignore entrys during the turn on calibration cycle During all other calibrations it will accept the entrys and assume the new configuration at the end of the calibration cycle When should Auto Cal be disabled Practically never Disable automatic calibration only when monitoring a chan nel or using the hp 3586A B C to demodulate a channel for further testing with a different instrument How does Auto Cal work During a calibration cycle a very accurate amplitude signal is switched into the signal path at precisely the center of the instruments bandwidth The instru ment configuration is then cycled not indicated by control annunciators and calibration constants
48. the measured signal level The result is then presented in the Measurement Entry display An 0 is appended to the unit s annunciator to indicate that the displayed level is offset Zero is subtracted from the measured signal level if no offset has 3 57 ANUIOU AAMAS ALZ UIAU TLP JJO DY IVAUMEES J JOVI DW been entered An offset can be entered by entering its magnitude directly or by transferring an amplitude reading to the offset storage register Entries can be made with the OFFSET OFF ON control either on or off Offsets are retained until another value is entered or the instrument is turned off To display the Offset MEAS press OFFSET Press CONT to resume measurement NOTE Make the Units selection before entering the offset Offsets are not referenced to any particular impedance or level Because of this the magnitude of an entered offset does not change when the Units are changed Frequency Telorance Hz dB 50 85 100 85 150 85 200 85 300 85 a 400 6 3 85 E 500 3 6 85 ta 600 2 0 4 85 z 800 OREF 0 5 7 1000 4 0 4 85 E 4200 0 0 85 aa 1500 1 3 B85 2000 30 85 a 2500 f e 4 2 85 3000 5 4 5 3500 8 5 41 5 100 200 300 400 600 800 1060 2000 3000 4000 5000 4000 15 0 1 5 FREQUENCY H2 5000 36 0 15 Frequency Hz 60 100 85 200 85
49. the peak of the fluctuating signal c With certain signals it is possible to optimize the signal to noise ratio by overdriving the instrument The input is overdriven by entering a full scale level selected by the instru ment in AUTOmatic full scale This application is more involved than the others and is ex plained in detail beginning with Paragraph 3 2 80 3 2 74 The performance of the 100dB ENTRY Range and Full Scale combination is iden tial to the performance of the 100dB AUTO combination provided that the full scale levels are equal There are no performance disadvantages when using 100dB ENTRY as long as the full scale level is carefully selected The maximum input power is equal to the full scale level Any full scale level from 20dBm to 45dBm and in 5dB increments can be entered using the procedure outlined in Paragraph 3 2 76 o IEN EFFECTIVE j LEVEL Nag ee ptt THERMAL NOISE 79q0B INTERMODULATIGN DISTORTION q gt AUTS FS INCREASING SELECTION FULE SCALE 3586 3 2 8 Figure 3 2 8 Relationship Between Thermal Noise intermodulation Distortion and Full Scale Selection In The 3586A B 3 2 75 The 10dB ENTRY combination of Range and Full Scale must be used cautiously Under the special circumstances described in Paragraph 3 2 81 it provides better perfor mance than any other combination of Range and Full Scale However in any other applica tions it is quite possibly the worst combination 10dB ENTR
50. typical use of AVEraging in this mode is to reduce the nominal range of the amplitude variations during noise measurements Its effect is il lustrated in Figure 3 5 1 The outer curve describes the instrument with AVEraging and the inner curve is for the instrument with Averaging Both curves show the probability that a single reading will fall within a particular range of level On the average the instrument will read closer to the true RMS level of the noise when AVEraging is on Note that the max imum range of signal variations is unchanged since a single noise measurement can theoretically be infinite in both cases The price paid for the reduced racking is an increase in measurement time The measurement rate is slowed from approximately four readings Ben every second to approximately one per second Averaging is not normally used when the Co primary purpose is to monitor a message channel signal or to output the demodulated signal 7 through the headphone or audio jacks It has no effect on any of these outputs 3 56 IVAW ULES Las NY INQOISC MIRAY ALI coupe JJO i PROBABILITY THAT A PARTICULAR LEVEL WILL BE MEASURED Lune MEASURED LEVEL ACTUAL INPUT INPUT LEVEL LEVEL PLUS NOISE WITH THE AVG ON THE STANDARD DEVIATION IS REDUCED BY A FACTOR OF ABOUT FIVE g5g 3 2 45 Figure 3 5 1 Effect Of AVEraging On Level Measurements 3 5 23 WTD Weighted Option 002 The Weighted Bandwidth is used exclusively for noise m
51. 00Hz to 32 5MHz with 2 0dB accuracy 1 14 The frequency of the 3336A B companion synthesizer will automatically be set to the frequency of the 3586A B Selective Level Meter when in the tracking mode and with HP IB inputs connected together 1 15 HP IB control is standard allowing automatic operation to be controlled by a desk top calculator such as the hp Model 9825A 9835A or by a mainframe computer such as the hp 1000 1 16 The 3586C Selective Level Meter is designed specifically for users needing precise fre quency selective measurements such as harmonic level and distortion analysis line frequency and non harmonic spurious testing and production testing of HF radio systems The 3586C is closely related to the A B models with 50 75 and 600 ohm impedances and a 3100Hz channel filter The 3586C does not include the Transmission Impairments option equivalent noise filter or carrier tone frequency reference entry BNC connectors are standard except a dual banana connector is used for the 600 ohm input 1 17 SPECIFICATIONS 1 18 Table 1 1 is a complete list of the Model 3586A B C critical specifications that are controlled by tolerances Specifications listed in this manual supersede all previous specifica tions for the Model 3586A B C 1 19 ACCESSORIES SUPPLIED 1 20 The following is a list of accessories supplied with the Model 3586A B C Part Number Accessory Kit 03586 84401 This kit consists of 2 Exten
52. 0dBm these specifications apply only when using the 20Hz and 400Hz bandwidths 750 500 Input 3586A B C input Level 20kKHz 1240 Input 3586B input Level 10kHz 5BOkHz BMHz 1500 input 3586A or 1350 Input 35868 Input Level 50kHz 6002 input 3586A B C 20dBm input Level 80dBm 400dBm IM4LOdel S gt 86A B C General Information Table 1 1 3586A B C Performance Specifications Cont d a Level Accuracy 100dB Range after calibration add correction to 10dB auto range accuracy for dB below full scale Not required when in 10dB autorange dB Below Full Scale Accuracy Correction Oto 20dB 26dB 20 to 40dB 50dB 40 to 80dB 2 0 dB DYNAMIC RANGE Spurious Respanses Image Rejection 100 132MHz 80dBc IF Rejection 15625Hz 80dBc 50MHz 60dBc Non Harmonic Spurious Signals gt 1600Hz offset 80dBc 300Hz to 1600Hz offset 75dBc Residual Spurious Signais z 300Hz 115dBm 110dBm for a 3586C lt 300Hz 100dBm 95dBm for a 3586C Distortion aa Harmonic Distortion ao i 70dB below full scale 75dB for the 3586C gt 4kHz on 759 and 6009 inputs Low Distortion Mode intermodulation Distortion 2nd and 3rd order in band Separation 200Hz to 20kHz or either tone 10MHz 70dB below full scale Separation 20kHz to 1MHz and both tones lt 1OMHz 75dB below full scale 78d8 for the 3586C Wideband Power Accuracy After c
53. 101 01011010 01000100 01000010 01001101 01001110 01001101 01000011 01010010 010011114 01000011 01000110 Decimal Code 79 70 83 84 82 67 84 72 84 77 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 60 85 80 68 78 72 90 75 72 65 90 77 72 77 90 68 66 77 78 77 67 82 79 67 70 W1IOGEL 3900A7 D L Hexadecimal Code 4F 46 53 54 52 43 54 48 54 4D 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3C 55 56 44 4E 48 5A 4B 48 4B 5A 4D 48 4D 5A 44 42 4D 4E 4D 43 52 4F 43 46 Model 3586A B C Table 3 11 4 Instrument Programming Codes Cont d ASCII Binary Octai Decimal Hexadecimal Characters Code Code Code Code BANDWIDTH 20Hz 01000010 00110001 400Hz 01000010 00170010 2000Hz 01000010 1740Hz 00110011 3100Hz WTD Weighted 01000010 00110100 MISCELLANEOUS 01001001 01001110 01000011 01000001 00110000 01000071 01000001 00110001 01000011 01001100 interrogate CALibrate Off CALibrate On Fast Calibrate CO PO RPO z 3 11 61 Interrogate The interrogate instruction is explained fully in Paragraph 3 11 76 3 11 62 Formats for Instrument Programming Codes The format for instrument pro gramming codes depends on the sophistication of the instrument function being controlled A unique two or three ASCII character code is sent to the instrument to activate functions controlled by momentary conta
54. 8 Sl 56 g a Suncare ss ence ent p TRY Tere coo tia PREQUENCY TUNE fe wee wE peee S56 CHANNEL g 7 7 Oe NOSES TOME Lo rst i y 90880 g eea000e ay IMPULSE SY Ka j i coe en Fea MINATION Ere MUSE 1 5 Graf i re a 5 60 asooo ele Ss0n0ea 3 32 escssas i AS OE COUPLED OR Hr IOMHL ade i pase E E E eee eee ee ee een eee Ne eee z m 7 DTH rae AK amp E a THN i f a O 18 z en eg z m G 10kQ 50pf LO DIST 3100Hz Figure 2 5 Turn On Conditions 2 29 HP IB CONNECTIONS 02 30 The HP IB connector on the rear of the hp 3586A B C Figure 2 6 is compatible with any hp 10631 HP IB interconnecting cable see Table 2 3 The HP IB cables have niggyback connectors on both ends that are identical to the standard HP IB connector on the rear of the hp 3586A B C As a result of this design several cables can be connected to a single source without special adaptors or switch boxes Up to fourteen devices including the controller can be interconnected in a single system and the devices can be interconnected in virtually any configuration desired There must of course be a path from the calculator or other controller to every device operating on the bus As a practical matter avoid stack ing more than three or four cables on any one connector If the stack gets too long the force on the
55. 868 3866 3 2 4 Figure 3 2 4 Connectors For The 135 150 Ohm Input NOTE Make no connections to the 124 Ohm Input while using the 135 Ohm Input The two inputs share circuitry on the Input Multi plexer Board that causes them to interact Signals on the 124 Ohm Input will affect the amplitude reading of the 135 Ohm Input Any impedance connected across the 124 Ohm Input will alter the im pedance of the 135 Ohm Input 3 2 28 The absolute maximum amplitude that can be applied to this input is 27dBm 5W This signal level is 8 22V for the 135 Ohm Input and 8 66V for the 150 Ohm Input Do not connect anything to the 124 Ohm Input while using this input 3 2 29 600 Ohm Input 3 2 30 This is a balanced input which is calibrated to read absolute input levels across 600 ohms One milliwatt into 6000 which is 775V causes an amplitude level reading of OdBm Either BRIDGED or terminated measurements may be made using this input see Figure 3 2 1 When the 600 ohm impedance level is furnished by the signal source circuitry the BRIDGED measurement mode is selected The terminated or 600 ohm input is used whenever the signal source circuitry must be terminated in 600 ohms All of the various con nectors used on this input are illustrated and identified in Figure 3 2 5 3 27 selective NMLOODEL SISOA B Q WECO TYPE 310 hp 3586B O SIEMENS TYPE 3 PRONG J REL hp 3586A 3586 3 2 5 Figure 3 2 5 Connectors For The 600
56. All of the hp 3586A B C programming codes and their binary octal decimal and heaxadecimal values are presented in Table 3 11 4 Each programming code is an instruction to the instrument In most cases sending these instruc tions corresponds to pressing front panel controls during local operation For instance receiving the ASCII characters CH1 during Remote operation has the same effect as press N ing o during local operation There are exceptions to this one to one relationship All of the on off controls the dB and Volume controls all controls in the Frequency Tune group and instrument functions not controllable from the front panel Each of these excep tions is explained separately in the paragraphs that follow 3 11 55 On Off Controls There are separate ASCII Instructions for the On and Off states of the CALibration OFFSET COUNTER and Volume Controls The Calibration On pro gramming codes does more than just turn the Calibration on Once the Calibration is already on it is used to trigger an immediate calibration in the instrument 3 11 56 dB Instruction When operating in the Remote mode the suffix for Full Scale and Offset entries is always the positive dB instruction In effect sending this code is like press ing ners during local operation There is no instrument programming code corres ponding to the ie control To enter negative Offset or Full Scale Levels a negative number is entered before the p
57. As a result the frequency response is extremely flat across the 3100Hz bandwidth of the message channel Even though the measuring instruments have a wide bandwidth only the power in the 3100Hz message channel is measured since the line carry ing the message channel is somewhat selective When a message channel is translated to some high level in the FDM hierarchy it is difficult to measure its level precisely because of the nearness of the adjacent channels Most filters that are flat enough to pass all com ponents of the signal unattenuated cannot adequately discriminate against adjacent channel signals Likewise filters with good adjacent channel rejection also discriminated against the signals near the edges of the bandpass The extremely flat and selective 3100Hz bandpass filter in the hp 3586A B is an exception see Figure 3 7 13 Using this filter very accurate level measurements of message channel signals can be made More important ail measurements impairment as well as level of message channels at high frequencies in the FDM hierarchy will correspond to similar measurements made on the same signals at dif ferent locations where the message channel is at audio frequencies 3 2 90 WTD 3100Hz Weighted The Weighted Bandwidth is used exclusively for noise measurements on telephone message channels When the WTD Bandwidth is selected either a psophometric hp 3586A CCITT version or a C Message hp 3586B Bell version filter
58. B C can be used in systems equipped with various Hewlett Packard controllers as well as controllers produced by other manufacturers Likewise many different in struments are used with each controller As a result of this diversity it is impossible to know which instruments and controllers will be used together in a system Since it is not known which controller will be used in a system the operating instructions for an instrument can only describe the interface of that particular instrument with the HP IB An analogous situation exists for the controller operating instructions Almost all statements sent over the HP IB to operate an instrument contain a portion that depends on the individual instrument and a portion that depends on the controller used in the system It is the operator who must synthesize the required statement from information found partially in the instrument documentation and partially in the controller documentation The concept of Bus Messages presented in the next paragraph is a significant aid to this process 3 11 20 Bus Messages When all of the bus operations are carefully analyzed according to how they are physically implemented on the HP IB twelve unique BUS MESSAGES are found The Data Message implements the primary purpose of the HP IB It is used to send the codes that activate instrument functions and for transferring measurement data from one device to another This message is subdivided into Data Send and Data Re
59. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to hp and hp shall pay shipping charges to return the product to Buyer However Buyer shall pay all shipping charges duties and taxes for products returned to hp from another country Hewlett Packard warrants that its software and firmware designated by hp for use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions when properly installed on that instrument Hewlett Packard does not warrant that the operation of the instrument or software or firmware will be uninterrupted or error free LIMITATION OF WARRANTY The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resuiting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer Buyer supplied software or interfacing unauthorized modification or misuse operation outside of the environmental specifications for the product or improper site preparation or maintenance NO OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED HEWLETT PACKARD SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES HEWLETT PACKARD SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSE QUENTIAL DAMAGES WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT TORT OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY ASSISTANCE Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements are available for Hewlett Packard products For any assistance contact your neare
60. DE KIT ites Two Required hp Part No fs at hp Part No 1494 0018 Nena 12679 20001 a eK eee OPTION 909 rt See CAUTION following paragraph 2 22 PLASTIC TRIM HANDLE KIT BENCH OPERATION RACK MOUNT FLANGE KIT RACK MOUNT FLANGE FRONT HANDLE KIT hp Part No hp Part No hp Part No 5061 0090 5061 0078 5081 0084 Figure 2 2 Rack Mount Hardware and Handle Kits fon NL Ni NMIOdEl JDSOAY D UU InSLalialion 2 22 All of the information required to order any of the rack mounting hardware is sum marized in Table 2 1 The Rack Flange kit and the Rack Flange Front Handle Combination Kit are shipped with the instrument when ordered by their option number at the same time the instrument is ordered The installation instructions for all rack mounting hardware are supplied with each kit The weight of the hp 3586A B C must be supported by Instru ment Support Rails or Slide Brackets when the instrument is mounted in a rack DO NOT under any circumstances attempt to rack mount the hp 3586A B using only the front flanges Table 2 1 hp 3586A B C Rack Mounting Hardware Rack Flange Kit hp Part Number 908 5061 0078 Rack Flange and Front Handie Com bination Kit 5061 0084 Standard Slide Kit 1494 0018 Standard Tilt Slide Kit 1494 0025 Slide Adaptor Bracket 1494 0023 instrument Support Rais Accessory No 126798 2 23 Init
61. EMOTE Defined in Paragraph 3 11 28 LOCAL Defined in Paragraph 3 11 30 LOCAL LOCKOUT Defined in Paragraph 3 71 32 CLEAR LOCKOUT AND SET LOCAL Defined in Paragraph 3 11 34 CLEAR Defined in Paragraph 3 71 36 STATUS BYTE Defined in Paragraph 3 1 1 40 HP 1B Uperation Program Statements That implement Bus Messages For Controller Cont d 3 91 HPF IB Operation Model S5380A B C 3 11 26 System Management Messages 3 11 27 The purpose of these ten Bus Messages is to manage the system so that Data and Trigger Messages can be sent as desired 3 11 28 Remote When it is first turned on the hp 3586A B C is in the LOCAL mode and under front panel control In order to be operated over the HP IB it must be switched to the Remote mode The Remote Message switches the instrument to the Remote Mode In this mode the only operational front panel controls are Volume Line Switch and usually Local unless it has been disabled see Local Lockout Message Paragraph 3 11 32 All other instrument functions are activated over the HP IB through the system controller The initial configuration of the instrument when it is switched to Remote is determined by the settings of the front panel controls at the time it was switched 3 11 29 Implementation The syntax and mnemonics for the program statement s that im plements the Remote Message are found in the controller documentation Only the listen ad dress which is
62. FREQuency STEP FULL SCALE ASCII Characters U d T 2 F 3 T 4 T 5 6 ZO S20 NIO I 01010101 00710011 010017111 01010011 00170000 01001111 01010011 00110001 01010100 06110001 01010100 00110010 01010100 00110011 01010100 00110100 01010100 00110101 01010100 00110110 01000101 00110001 01000101 00710010 01000011 01001000 00110001 01000011 01001000 00110010 01000011 01001110 00110000 01000011 01001110 00110001 01000110 01010010 01010011 01010000 01000110 01010011 ar Uuperauon 3 99 HP 16 Uperation 3 100 Table 3 11 4 Instrument Programming Codes Cont d Instruction OFFSET STORE RECALL THRESH Threshoid TIME 0 awh o Cn DD mH FF W NM decimal Hz kHz or MHz or dB MINUTES MEASure CONTinue RDNG OFFSET Reading Offset CNTR FREQuency Counter Frequency ASCII Characters Q amp Q S FH OD 40 TO Oo on Dm oO A WwW DN NT 20 GC Tx N XX TZ Ng TO OM OF Z BV Binary Octai Code Code 61001111 01000110 01010011 01010100 01010010 01000011 01010100 01001000 01010100 01001101 00110000 00110001 00110010 00110011 00140100 00110101 00710110 00110111 00111000 00111001 00111100 01010101 01010000 01000100 01001110 01001000 01011010 01001011 01001000 01001011 01011010 01001101 01001000 01001
63. FSET ON OFF control is on the entered offset will be subtracted from the measured signal level and the result presented in the Measurement En try display Zero is subtracted from the measured signal level if no offset has been entered Entries can be made with the OFFSET OFF ON control either on or off Offsets are re tained until another value is entered or the instrument is turned off To display the Offset 3 73 Noise Tone Model 3586A B C 3 74 MEAS Press OFFSET Press oe to resume measurement NOTE Make the Units selection before entering the offset Offsets are not referenced to any particular impedance or level Because of this the magnitude of an entered offset does not change when the Units are changed 3 8 28 Direct OFFSET ENTRY 3 8 29 Use the following procedure to directly enter the magnitude of an offset Any value from 199 99dB to 199 99 can be entered STEP I Press in the Entry control group The current offset will appear in the Measurement Entry display STEP 2 Enter the digits and decimal point as required STEP 3 Press or as appropriate MEAS STEP 4 Press to resume measurement CONT The contents of the offset register can be changed in one dB steps using the Increment and Decrement keys Press then press lt Jor 2 as desired 3 8 30 Offset Entry By Transfer 3 8 31 This method of entering offsets is especially valuable when measuring one signal level relative to another
64. FSET ON OFF control is on the entered offset will be subtracted from the measured signal level and the result presented in the Measurement En try display Zero is subtracted from the measured signal level if no offset has been entered Entries can be made with the OFFSET OFF ON control either on or off Offsets are re tained until another value is entered or the instrument is turned off To display the Offset MEAS press lorrset Press to resume measurement CONT NOTE Make the Units selection before entering the offset Offsets are not referenced to any particular impedance or level Because of this the magnitude of an entered offset does not change when the Units are changed 3 6 27 Direct OFFSET ENTRY 3 6 28 Use the following procedure to directly enter the magnitude of an offset Any value from 199 99dB to 199 99dB can be entered 1 OTe 3 63 Lone Model 335380A B C STEP 1 Press in the Entry control group The current offset will appear in the Measurement Entry display STEP 2 Enter the digits and decimal point as required i MH STEP 3 or as appropriate MEAS STEP 4 Press hd to resume measurement The contents of the offset register can be changed in one dB steps using the Increment and Decrement keys Press lorrser then press or Ea as desired 3 6 29 Offset Entry By Transfer 3 6 30 This method of entering offsets is especially valuable when measuring one signal level rela
65. The objective of this example is to find a specific controller statement that will implement the Remote Message The con troller will be the hp 9825A Calculator The location of the Remote Message is found in the Bus Message Index given in Table 3 11 1 It is described in Paragraph 3 2 28 According to the description the instru ment will switch to the remote operating mode when a Remote Message is received Also the listen address which is zero for the hp 3586A B C will be required for the controller statement Note that the names of most Bus Messages suggest their action The HP IB operations of the hp 9825A Calculator are ex plained in the General I O and Extended I O Programming Manuals General I O Programming Manual Part No is 09825 90024 Extended I O Programming Manual Part No is 09825 90025 Pages 14 and 22 are referenced in the index of the Extended I O Manual under the heading Remote a com plete description of how to implement the Remote Message and an example is presented on page 22 The required program statement is rem Select Code Device Address but what is a Select Code or a Device Address There is little in the Extended I O Manual to answer this question However checking the index of the General I O Manual under the heading Addressing produces results Descriptions of the Select Code and the Device Address are found on pages 4 and 47 respectively The Select Code is quickly determined to be seve
66. URATION FOR MEASUREMENTS 3 2 66 Range Full Scale 3 2 67 The Range controls determine the range of the Measurement Entry display and the Analog Tuning Meter relative to the full scale level The Full Scale controls select the method of determining and entering the full scale level Even though they direct different in strument functions these controls are very interdependent In other words the full scale en try mode selection affects the implementation of the Range selection and vice versa Because of this you will probably not understand either control completely until you have read about both When selecting the Range and Full Scale settings it is sometimes easiest to think in terms of the combinations of Range and Full Scale selections To aid the operator in his selection the relative advantages and disadvantages of all four Range and Full Scale com binations are summarized in Table 3 2 2 NOTE When in doubt choose 10dB AUTO This is the optimum com bination of Range and Full Scale for the vast majority of level measurements Even when it is not the optimum choice the loss is mainly in tuning convenience and speed rather than accuracy 3 2 68 Range The Range controls select the operating range of the instrument s internal true rms Detector Logger This in turn affects measurement accuracy and determines the display range of both the Measurement Entry Display and the Analog Tuning Meter In fact the Range Controls are labe
67. Up to nine front panel configurations can be stored simultaneously To store a configuration press and any digit key from 1 to 9 Similarly to recall a configuration press and the digit selected when storing the configuration Note that pressing resets the instrument to its turn on state 3 1 11 Tracking Generator Operation 3 1 12 When configured to do so the hp 3586 A B C can control the frequency of a syn thesizer connected via the HP IB Any HP IB compatible synthesizer that uses ASC H codes F or FF for the frequency entry preface function and H or HH for the hertz units termina i tion can be controlled Once the Tracking Generator operating mode has been implemented T the frequency of the synthesizer will track the tuned frequency of the 3586A precisely Each time the 3586 tuned frequency is changed the synthesizer is switched to remote program med to the new frequency and then switched back to local To implement the Tracking Generator operating mode connect the synthesizer and the hp 3586 together using an HP IB cable Do not connect anything else to the system Move the Tracking Generator switch located on the rear panel to the REM position see Figure 2 7 Either lock the 3586 to the frequency reference of the synthesizer or visa vice versa see Paragraph 2 27 This insures that the output frequency of the synthesizer and the tuned frequency of the synthesizer are actually equal 3 1 13 AUTOmatic CALibra
68. Use the following procedure to transfer an amplitude reading to the offset storage register RDNG Press OFFSET The entered offset wil appear in Measurement Entry display Model 3586A B C Impulse CHAPTER NINE IMPULSE 3 9 1 The Impulse measurement mode is used to measure the Impulse Noise on message channels in telecommunications systems Impulse noise consists of irregularly occurring pulses of relatively high amplitude The pulses originate from natural sources like lightening and from man made sources both in and out of the telephone office Examples of man made noise sources are auto ignition noise power lines and within the office dialing and switching signals Impulse noise is undesirable principally because it interferes with data transmission 3 8 2 Measurement Mode 3 9 3 The Impulse measurement mode is selected by pressing the shift blue key IM PULSE control The IMPULSE control is also used to terminate an Impulse measurement prematurely Two other controls are automatically set when this mode is selected BANDWIDTH jee tcsswesta tt erie euadnnde wanes aes Widest PULL SCALE iss cheer ete nihea ecco eai ee wee ea esas AUTO The Full Scale and Bandwidth can be changed if desired Note that the combination of the Impulse measurement mode and one of the narrower bandwidths produces a trivial N operating condition 3 9 4 Data Display The amplitude of the signal being tested the time duration of the cur rent te
69. Y is quite different from 10dB AUTO It is very unlikely that the signal to noise ratio will be optimum with this com bination It is useless to analyze the reasons for this reduction in noise performance since they are too complicated and too dependent on the nature of the input signal to be used as criteria for selecting the Range Full Scale combination It is much simpler to evaluate the use of this combination by comparing it with the alternatives Recall that the only reasons for using 10dB ENTRY are to optimize the signal to noise ratio and to speed tuning when making repetitive measurements requiring the same full scale level Optimizing the signal to noise is described in Paragraph 3 2 81 When making repetitive measurements compare 10dB ENTRY to 100dB ENTRY The tuning speed is identical in both modes and it is likely FTN that the noise reduction in 100dAB ENTRY will offset the additional linearity errors of the Ka 100dB Range This is especially true when the full scale level is near 50dBm If neither mode provides satisfactory performance 10dB AUTOmatice should be used The Max imum Input Power corresponding to each full scale level is given in Table 3 2 3 for the pe 3 37 ed Ne hat Sr Ee AVFEVUWWE err BS FF Oe 10dB ENTRY mode Any full scale level from 20dBm to 120dBm and at 5dB in crements can be entered using the procedure given in Paragraph 3 2 76 en Table 3 2 3 Maximum Input Power For Full Scale ENTRY and 10dB Ran
70. alibration 100dB auto range averaging on 45 to 20dBm 1 008 22 008 200Hz 20KHz TOMHz 32 5MHz Noise Floor Full Scale Setting 35 te 120d8m AVE On Low Distortion Made Frequency Input Bandwidth Naise Level 116dBm 1740Hz 2000Hz or 3100Hz j 114dBm for a 3586C 100kHz to 32 5MHz 752 400Hz or 20Hz 120dBm 2kHz to 100kHz 752 600 All 105dBm 1740Hz 2000Hz or 3700Hz 1716dBm 100kHz to 10MHz 1240 400Hz or 20Hz 4120dBm 1740Hz 2000Hz or 3100Hz 146dBm 7O0OkHz to 1MHz 13590 1508 i 4 A00Hz or 20Hz 1 20d8m NA TOkHz to 100kHz 1249 1359 150Q Al 1O5dBm The noise floor for fuli scale settings of 30 to 25dBm will be 80dB below fuli scale for gt 100kHz or 60dB below full scale for lt 100kHz For the 3586C these specifications do not apply to the 5002 input General Information IVIOQEL SO80A B L Table 1 1 3586A B C Performance Specifications Cont d SIGNAL INPUTS E impedance Frequency Mating Connector 75 ohms unbalanced 50Hz to 32 5MHz BNC 150 ohms balanced 1OkHz to 1MHz Siemens 3 prang 9 Rel GAC 600 ohms balanced 50Hz to 100kHz 3586B 75 ohms unbalanced 50Hz to 32 5MHz WECO 439 440A 124 ohms balanced 10 kHz to 1OMHz WECO 443A 135 ohms baianced OkHz to 1MHz WECO 241A 600 ohms balanced 50Hz to 100kHz WECO 310 3586C 50 75 ohms unbalanced 50Hz to 32 5MHz BNC 600 ohms balanced 50Hz to 100kHz Dual Banana Plug 0 75 inch spacing Return Loss 30dB
71. all of the exercises in the guide 3 11 6 The Introductory Programming Guide available for the hp 3586A B C is the 3586 9825 HP IB Introductory Programming Guide Copies of the Introductory Program ming Guide will be available Contact your nearest hp Sales and Service office for more in formation 3 11 7 Quick Reference Guide 3 11 8 A comprehensive but very succinct description of the 3586A B C HP IB opera tion will be available for those operators who are already experienced with the HP IB Con tact your nearest hp Sales and Service office for more information 3 11 9 Operating The hp 3586A B C Over The HP IB 3 11 16 Frequency Stability Considerations If possible lock the instrument to the fre quency reference of the signal source This will simplify the tuning routine in the controller program A selective level meter does not require good frequency accuracy to make highly accurate level measurements A good frequency reference only makes the instrument easier to tune In an hp 3586 not equipped with Option 004 tuning errors of 200Hz are not un common at higher frequencies When the 20Hz Bandwidth in one of these instruments is used it is possible that the Bandpass of the instrument will not include the Entry Frequency This is not really a problem when the instrument is operated in a local mode The operator can quickly search for the signal and or verify that the instrument is tuned to the proper signal using th
72. amming code explained in subsequent paragraphs If your system controller has clock functions and statements the instruction to calibrate can be sent on the basis of time i e every three minutes If the controller has no clock functions the calibration cycle must be based on some other criteria e g every 100 measurements NOTE If the instrument is to meet its specifications it must be forced to calibrate at least once every three minutes IVLOGEL SIOSOA B W Model SS380A B U hp 9871A PRINTER hp 3335A hp 9825A CALCULATOR SYNTHESIZER CONTROLLER hp 3586A UNIT UNDER TEST e g SWITCHED ACCESS MEASUREMENT SYSTEM Figure 3 11 1a Typical HP IB System 3 11 12 HP IB Operating Principle 3 11 13 Controller The HP IB Input Output ports of all devices on the bus are connected to the same data lines The devices share the data lines as desired by the active controller The active controller designates which device will send data and which device or devices will receive data The system controller which is usually a calculator or computer is the active controller most of the time The active controller is the device directing data transfers at any given time However it may allow another device to be the active controller 3 11 14 Talkers Any device that can send data over the bus is a talker The hp 3586A B C is a talker since it can output measurement data and the values of all entered p
73. andwidth on this Full Scale and frequency only a Calibration is not performed on any other full scale or frequen cy When the Calibration is complete the processor returns the instrument to the state it was in before the Fast Cal code was received 2 If while the processor is performing a calibration the Full Scale changes this case on ly applies when the instrument is in Auto Range and the input signal level has changed then the processor will use the previously stored cal constant This could create a problem at fre quencies above 1MHz As much as a 2dB difference between Full Scales could exist although unlikely if the previously stored cal constant had been calculated for a different frequency 3 Ideally Fast Cal should be used when the instrument is in the Entry 10dB or the Entry 100dB mode 3 11 72 Measurement Data Formats The format of the data string sent by the hp 3586A B C depends on the measurement mode Descriptions of the formats of each measurement mode are presented in the following paragraphs The symbols used in the for mat descriptions are defined as follows S is the sign of the number or _D stands for digit 0 to 9 CR stands for carriage return LF stands for line feed All other characters are sent exactly as they appear 3 11 73 Low Distortion Low Noise 1010Hz Tone 1004Hz Noise Demodulation Car rier 2600Hz Tone 800Hz Jitter and Noise Tone With the counter off the format of
74. ange reduces the mixer non linearity which in turn further reduces the amplitude of the IM products Note that if the frequencies of the individual input signal components are not 3 randomly related they will repetitiously add together causing peaks near the maximum in Ly put power level This will at least partially eliminate the improvement in IM distortion per i formance gained from having a dispersed input signal 3 22 Model 3350A 5 4 3 2 9 LOW Noise Measurements of Non Dispersed Signals Intermodulation distortion products are not spread evenly throughout the frequency spectrum They fall at a few discrete frequencies determined by the frequencies of the originating signals and by the order of the intermodulation distortion Because of this LOW NOISE can be used even when the power of the input signal is not dispersed As long as none of the intermodulation products fall within the instrument bandpass the measurement is perfectly valid The difference be tween making LOW NOISE measurements of dispersed and non dispersed signals is that the operator must be especially careful when measuring non dispersed signals If one of the in termodulation products happens to fall within the instrument bandpass the reading will very likely be totally erroneous It is fairly easy to detect the presence of an intermodulation product in the instrument bandpass When the instrument is switched from LOW DISTOR TION to LOW NOISE the reading should
75. arameters such as frequency and time All calculators and computers are talkers Only one talker may be active at a time The active talker is the talker that is currently directed to send data 3 11 15 Listeners Any device that can receive data over the bus is a listener The hp 3586A B C is a listener since it can receive codes that activate various instrument functions Virtually all calculators and computers are listeners Obviously it is possible for a device to be a talker part of the time and a listener at other times since the hp 3586A B C all calculators and all computers are both talkers and listeners Up to fourteen active listeners can be on the bus at the same time An active listener is a listener that is currently directed to receive data 3 11 16 Addressing The active controller must send commands to specific instruments in order to direct information transfer For example only one device should be directed to talk during a data transfer Also the message being sent may be intended for only certain devices on the bus Each HP IB compatible device has at least one unique address This address is used by the controller to specify that particular device When a device for example the hp 3586A B C is both a talker and a listener it has separate addresses for each mode HP iB Operation 3 83 HP IB Operation Model 3580A B C Therefore when a controller addresses a device it also specifies
76. asurement modes is selected An annunciator in one of the controls remains lit while the instrument is in the Selective measurement mode to indicate how the displayed frequency will be interpreted if the instrument is switched to one of the SSB channel measurement modes 3 6 16 Channel Select the channel in accord with the message channel signal being re ceived PEREN IMessage channels are usually designated by their position in the FDM hierarchy for example Master Group Number Na Supergroup Number Group Number and Channel Number Charts are available in the operating telephone offices that give either the Carrier or Tone frequency for each of the channels Therefore regardless of the exact frequency component of the message channel to be measured it is easiest to tune the instrument using one of these two frequencies The Entry Frequency controls allow the operator to use either frequency 3 61 Tone Model 3586A B C N e Configures the instrument to receive an inverted lower sideband signal ETT AA e Configures the instrument to receive an erect upper sideband signal 3 6 17 Course Tuning 3 6 18 The instrument is coarsely tuned whenever the RF signal generated by the tone in the message channel is within the instrument bandpass In most cases coarse tuning is obtained by simply entering the Entry Frequency Carrier or Tone in accord with the Entry Frequency mode An additional step is sometimes req
77. asurements on telecommunications signals is the fact that 2000Hz is the noise bandwidth equivalent of a C Message weighted 3100Hz bandwidth This means that if the input signal is white noise an instrument equipped with this bandwidth will read the same level read by an instrument equipped with a C Message weighted 3100Hz bandwidth The correlation bet ween the readings on the two instruments would vary with the similarity of the input signal to white noise 3 2 88 1740Hz 3586A 3586B Option 002 The approximate selectivity curve of the 1740Hz Bandwidth is illustrated in Figure 3 2 12 When selected local oscillator feed through limits the dynamic range at Entry Frequencies greater than 5kHz The 1740Hz bandwidth is found on the CCITT version of the instrument hp 3586A B Of special in terest to operators making measurements on telecommunications signals is the fact that 1740Hz is the noise bandwidth equivalent of a psophometric weighted 3100Hz bandwidth This means that if the input signal is white noise an instrument equipped with this band oa width will read the same level read by an instrument equipped with a psophometric weighted eo 3100Hz bandwidth The correlation between the readings on the two instruments would vary with the similarity of the input signal to white noise 3 40 MOdEL JD00A B L 30 dB P P f 10Hz 10 Hz 3d8 34B gt 3Hz 60dB Pe H f 90 Hz t 90 Hz 3586 3
78. can be measured on the hp 3586A Insertion loss is the effect of inserting a device between a specific source impedance and a specific termination A tracking Generator output on the rear panel of the instrument is the source for the measurement The frequency of the Tracking Generator Output tracks the tuning of the instrument precisely Its output level and output impedance are 0dBm and 75 ohms respectively In the simplest application the Tracking Generator stimulates the device under test and the level at the output of the device is measured with the selective level measurement portion of the instrument Since the level of the source is OdBm into 75 ohms the insertion loss of the device is simply the level displayed on the instrument In other ap plications the measurement may be more complicated because of changes in the impedance of the source or termination A typical insertion loss measurement is illustrated in Figure 3 10 1 3 10 2 IMPEDANCE MODIFICATION 3 10 3 Oftentimes the source impedance and or the impedance of the termination must be modified to meet test requirements The source impedance is increased by placing resistance a in series with the output and reduced by placing the resistance in parallel with the output Altering the impedance of the termination is especially simple Select the Bridged 75 ohm in put Rin 10kQ SOpf and terminate the device with the desired impedance If the termina tion impedance is large it
79. ce are practically identical Use whichever range is most convenient Only the 100dB Range is permitted when the instrument is in Entry Full Scale 3 7 23 Averaging Use the Averaging function to reduce random variations in the phase jitter amplitude display or to reduce the tendency for the instrument to autorange in response to transient input conditions Random variations in the displayed Jitter amplitude are caused by the internal noise of the instrument or by noise in the input signal In either case with Averaging on the indicated reading will vary less around the actual Jit ter level The effect of Averaging on noise is explained thoroughly in Paragraph 3 2 93 This information applys to Jitter measurements with very little change As mentioned in the discussion of Full Scale Paragraph 3 7 20 averaging reduces the tendency of the instru ment in autorange in response to transient changes in the input signal If excessive autorang ing is interferring with the phase jitter measurement turn Averaging on 3 ightly loaded a smali percentage of the total number of message channels are carrying traffic 3 68 Model 3586A B C Noise Tone ee CHAPTER EIGHT NOISE TONE 3 8 1 Noise Tone is used to measure the noise on a message channel in the presence of a 1kHz test tone The 1kHz test tone forces all companders in the signal path to operate as if the channel contained voice traffic This results in a more accurate indication of the n
80. ceive for operator convenience Technically i e according to physical implementation there is no difference between Data Messages used to send and receive information to and from the instrument The Trigger Message causes simultaneous action in two or more devices on the bus The ac tion in a particular device depends on the design of that instrument In the hp 3586A B C it causes an immediate measurement Actually this message can be used 3 85 HP IB Operation Model 3380A B C to cause an action in a single device but that capability is incidental to its real purpose The remaining ten Bus Messages are used to manage the system Their only purpose is to facilitate the implementation of the Data and Trigger Messages DATA Data Send to hp 3586A B C Data Receive from hp 3586A B C TRIGGER REMOTE System LOCAL Management LOCAL LOCKOUT Messages CLEAR LOCKOUT RETURN TO LOCAL CLEAR REQUIRE SERVICE STATUS BYTE PASS CONTROL ABORT STATUS BIT 3 11 21 Implementing Bus Messages Recall that the objective is to answer the question What instructions must be entered on the controller to cause a particular action in the in strument This question is answered by converting the Bus Messages into controller statements that cause the desired action in the instrument when executed on the controller Since these twelve messages describe every possible HP IB Operation converting them to contr
81. ch enables the instru ment to be remotely controlled via th HP IB In the TRK position the instrument can control a separate tracking generator via the HP IB ASCII Cade Character Address Switches 5 bit Listen AS A4 A3 A2 Al Decimal Code ZErAGCTTOMMOGOGPS ecocoocoeooceococo ao 0 0 0 G Q G 0 0 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 ae a OOOO ummm 0O00 FACTORY Gs SET ADDRESS OWOn Mw awh i T N lt X xB CCAD et a ek ae EPO OO e KP OOO Ome uw un Ooo A OO et OO m OO wm M o7rOorO0 0 0 0060 Pa Figure 2 7 Address Selection APLOLCUALEALLWAS YEWI JZOUTA EFS WS 2 33 REPACKAGING FOR SHIPMENT co If the instrument is to be returned to hp for service attach a tag indicating the type of service required Include any symptoms or details that may be of help to the service technician Also include your return address the instrument s model number and full serial number In any correspondence identify the instrument by model number and full serial number 2 34 Original Packaging 2 35 The instrument should be repackaged using the original shipping container and pack ing materials if they are available and in good condition If they are not available or suitable for reuse it is best to use equivalent containers and packing materials which can be obtained through hp Sales and Service Offices A list of hp Sales and Service Offices is given at the back of this manual If the original shipping mate
82. ct switches in Local mode For example the instruction El programs the BW CENTER tuning mode The characters must be received by the instru ment in the order shown While the characters comprising each code must be sent in a cer tain order the codes themselves can be sent in any order within a group Sending E2 CH2 selects SSB TONE tuning and the upper sideband CHANNEL in that order Sending CH2 E2 will set the same instrument functions in reverse order Note that the hp 3586A B C ig nores commas They are included in the data string examples for clarity 3 11 63 When the hp 3586A B C is in the Local mode certain instrument functions are set using several front panel controls For instance to enter the Entry Frequency the FREQ control is pressed the appropriate digits are entered and the Hz MIN kHz dB or MHz dB is pressed This method is used because the Entry Frequency can assume so many dif ferent values that individual switches for each value are impractical Obviously the order in which the controls are actuated is important When operating in the Remote mode almost the same method is used to set the Entry Frequency except that ASCII characters are sent over the HP IB to activate the instrument functions instead of pressing front panel controls The ASCH character group FR actuates the function controlled by FREQ ASCII digits correspond to the digit controls and the functions controlled by Hz MIN kHz dB and MHz dB are
83. d Decrement keys Press then press o or as desired 3 2 101 Offset Entry By Transfer This method of entering offsets is especially valuable when measuring one signal level relative to another Use the following procedure to transfer an amplitude reading to the offset storage register Press The entered offset will appear in the Measurement Entry display 3 44a b IVEUUTI JVOUSS D WN YY IMT VaAlu CHAPTER THREE WIDEBAND 3 3 1 Wideband is a nonselective measurement mode used to measure the total power of the input signal 3 3 2 Measurement Mode 3 3 3 The Wideband measurement mode is selected by pressing the WIDEBAND control Only the following controls or groups of controls are functional when the instrument is in the Wideband mode POWER AUTOmatic CALibration the MEASUREMENT ENTRY controls the TERMINATION controls the MEASUREMENT controls and the OFFSET and FULL SCALE functions in the ENTRY control group 3 3 4 Input Termination uN 3 3 5 10kQ 50pf 75 Ohm Bridged input calibrated to read absolute power levels when connected across 75 ohms The maximum input power is 27dBm Up to 42VDC can be ap plied to this termination see Paragraph 3 2 11 3 3 6 75 Ohm Terminated 75 ohm input The maximum input power equals 27dBm If nm DC voltage is applied to this input the DC power plus the AC power must not exceed 0 5 sll watts see Paragraph 3 2 11 3 3 7 10kQ 50pf 50 Ohm Bridged input calib
84. d AUTO Use AUTOmatic full scale unless you need the specific advantages of the Entry mode 3 2 73 Entry After Entry Full Scale is initially selected the operator determines and enters the full scale level Entering a fixed full scale level can result in one of three advantages cor responding to three different and very specific circumstances If the circumstances do not exist or if the particular advantage of the Entry mode is not needed use AUTOmatic Full Scale Once AUTOmatic is selected the operator can virtually forget the full scale function Each of the three conditions where entering a fixed Full Scale is an advantage is treated separately as follows a Entering a fixed full scale level eliminates the time required for the instrument to autorange each time it is tuned to a different signal This results in a significant time saving 3 36 AVRMIMAWA YUL BI ORS NW had Nee Ate OO Y when many signals requiring the same full scale level are measured Usually these conditions exist only in applications involving automated production To set the Full Scale level first allow the instrument to determine the level while in AUTO and then switch to the Entry mode This assures the best possible signal to noise ratio without overloading P b Constant autoranging caused by a fluctuating input signal can be eliminated by enter ing a fixed full scale level use the 100dB range only for this purpose Set the full scale level just above
85. de selec tion STEP 1 Press STEP 2 Enter the significant digits and decimal as required STEP 3 Press Cae or o 3 5 18 Fine Tuning 3 5 19 Fine Tuning To Noise Signals The procedure given below is usually the most con venient method of tuning the instrument to noise signals STEP 1i Place a 1kHz test tone on the message channel COUNTER STEP 2 Turn on the The counted RF frequency of the IkHz test tone on the message channel will appear in the Frequency Entry Display STEP 3 Press Counter to Frequency This causes the counter reading to modify the contents of the Entry Frequency register The new Entry Frequency will be displayed for a few seconds and then the display reverts back to the counted frequency The Entry Frequency may be different from the counted frequency depending on the instrument model and Entry Frequency mode STEP 4 Remove the 1kHz signal from the message channel The instrument is now precisely tuned to the message channel signal a 3 5 20 Fine Tuning The Instrument To Voice Signals The instrument is easily fine tuned when the message channel is carrying a voice signal The operator simply adjusts the tuning for natural sound This procedure is given in greater detail as follows 3 55 Noise VDEMOUODUIatlon Hp 3380A B IVIOAECL SIBSOA B LU FREQ f 3 STEP 1 Press STEP aon in the Entry Control Group Verify that the Frequency Step is 1Hz or less If it is greater ente
86. der Boards 03586 66590 N 2 Extender Boards 03586 66591 1 3 ee WAR WER REAR A RAASEL ENE ATW Ww Ad BS AF wr 1 21 ACCESSORIES AVAILABLE EN 1 22 The following is a list of hp accessories available for use with the Model 3586A B C Accessory hp Part No 1240 Return Loss Coupler 3586B only 5061 1136 1240 Return Loss Coupler 3586B with opt 001 only 5061 1137 1500 Return Loss Coupler 3586A only 5061 1135 Service Spare Parts Kit Model No 44486A 1 23 INSTRUMENT AND MANUAL IDENTIFICATION 1 24 The instrument serial number is located on the rear panel Hewlett Packard uses a two section serial number consisting of a four digit prefix and a five digit suffix A letter between the prefix and suffix identifies the country in which the instrument was manufac tured A USA G West Germany J Japan U United Kingdom All cor respondence with Hewlett Packard concerning this instrument should include the complete serial number 1 25 If the serial number of your instrument is lower than the serial number on the title page of this manual you must modify your manual for agreement with your instrument Refer to Section VII Backdating for the information that will adapt this manual to your in strument C 1 26 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS 1 27 The Selective Level Meter is a Safety Class I instrument and has been designed accor ding to international safety standards To ensure safe operation and to retain the instrument
87. e condition or the like which is essential to highlight VJ CIE CI GAL Lili Ui 112A Liki NM1O0QCi JOO0A D VU SECTION GENERAL INFORMATION 1 1 INTRODUCTION installation to the 1v ion relat tment and maintenance of the Hewlett Packard informat ms ice Manual conta d Serv ing an 1 2 This Operat djus a Level Meter ing a operation performance test ive Level Meter and the 1 shows the Select 1 igure F ive th the Model 3586A B C Select trument Ins i ied w l accessories supp Pate Figure 1 1 hp 3586A With Included Accessories j 1 SF WAAL YER LALEA FESMGLAN AL IVEQVICECL YOULL p7 wU 1 3 Packaged with this instrument is an Operating Manual This is simply a copy of the om first four sections of the Operating and Service Manual This manual should be kept with C the instrument for use by the operator Additional copies of the Operating Manual or the Operating and Service Manual can be ordered through your nearest Hewlett Packard Sales and Service Office a list of these offices is provided at the end of this manual The part numbers are listed on the title page of this manual 1 4 Also listed on the title page of this manual following the Operating and Service Manual and Operating Manual part numbers are Microfiche part numbers for these publications These numbers can be used to order 4 x 6 inch micr
88. e Frequency controls Unfortunately a routine in a program that does the same thing can be very complicated depending on the frequency spectrum in the vicinity of the desired signal Of course if the spectrum is uncomplicated the tuning routine may be quite simple The operator must evaluate each application Locking the hp 3586A B C to the frequency reference of the signal source eliminates the need for a search and verify routine in the controller program When this is done the tuning procedure is reduced to simply programming the Entry Frequency If it is impossible to lock the signal source and the hp 3586A B C together use a high accuracy frequency reference This will reduce the frequency error which in turn usually simplifies the required search and verify routine in the controller program 3 11 11 Calibration The instrument automatically calibrates itself approximately every three minutes when it is in the local mode and AUTOmatic CALibration is on During remote operation the three minute calibration is disabled This is done because pseudo ran dom calibrations would make the execution time of the program statements unpredictable If the instrument specifications are to be maintained every three minutes the controller must direct the instrument to calibrate itself Done this way the calibration is predictable and cannot interrupt other programming statements The automatic calibration function is activated using an instrument progr
89. e Status Byte of an instrument is in the controller the status of the instrument functions assigned to the bits can be determined by examining the truth state of each bit The controller then takes appropriate action For example if bit 3 of the hp 3586A B C Status Byte is true the controller might print a message advising the operator that a tone is required during S N and Phase Jitter Measurements 3 93 ir ip Vpouauvu IVVU IJ00A B L Table 3 11 2 True State Definitions Of The Bits In The hp JO8GA B C Status Byte Bit True State Definition Received unrecognizable string of ASCII characters Unable to calibrate Local oscillator uniocked Tone not present for S N or Phase Jitter measurements Attempt to enter Full Scale level while in AUTOrange Reference not locked to external standard This instrument requested service Not used SO ohm WOM 3 11 41 Status Bytes are requested by the controller The controller requests Status Bytes from instruments by conducting a Serial Poll see Paragraph 3 11 42 Usually a Serial Poll is conducted in response to a Require Service Message sent by an instrument on the HP IB Occasionally a Serial Poll is conducted even though a Require Service Message was not received by the controller The programmer may wish to check the status of an instrument function that is encoded in the Status Byte but does not generate a Service Request There is only one such function in the
90. e instrument bandpass 3 4 14 Entering The Entry Frequency Use the following procedure to enter either the car rier frequency or the RF test tone frequency in accord with the Entry Frequency mode selec tion STEP 1 Press STEP 2 Enter the significant digits and decimal as required STEP 3 Press or oe Message channels are usually designated by their position in the FDM heirarchy for example Master Group Number Nu Supergroup Number Group Number and Channel Number Charts are available in the operating telephone offices that give either the Carrier or Tone frequency for each of the channels Therefore regardless of the exact frequency component of the message channel to be measured it is easiest to tune the instrument using one of these two frequencies The entry Frequency controls allow the operator to use either frequency 3 49 Carrier Model 3586A B C 3 4 15 Searching For The Input Signal The instrument may not be precisely tuned to the carrier signal after the Entry Frequency has been entered Errors in the frequency reference fe may cause the instrument bandpass to fall completely above or below the carrier signal fre oe quency see Figure 3 4 1 When this happens the operator must search for the input signal or verify that the signal being received is the desired signal Note that an increase in the level indication does not guarantee that the instrument is properly tuned The instrument may be tuned to th
91. e wrong signal Be especially cautious when tuning to carrier leak signals that are next to a pilot tone It is possible to mistake the pilot tone for an excessive carrier leak signal Since the tuning error caused by the frequency reference is proportional to frequency searching for the input signal will be necessary only when high frequency carriers are measured Also the magnitude of the tuning error varies with the frequency reference used in the instrument If the high stability frequency reference is used in the instrument it may be necessary to search for the input signal only at the very highest frequencies The approx imate Entry Frequencies above which search for and or verify if the input signal will be necessary are summarized in Table 3 4 1 A more comprehensive discussion of this step is given in Paragraph 3 2 56 hp 3586 TUNING Z GGHZ 2 00Hz i CARRIER LEAK SIGNAL TO coal WHICH THE INSTRUMENT IS 358 3 BEING TUNED Figure 3 4 1 Tuning Error Of The Twenty Hertz Bandwidth Table 3 4 1 Frequencies At Which Signal Search May Be Required Bandwidth Rane Entry Entry Frequency gt 20MHz Frequency gt 6MHz Option 004 Entry Frequency gt 20MHz 3 4 16 Use the following procedure to search for the carrier signal or to verify that the pro per signal is being received AUTO STEP 1 Press o in the Frequency Tune control group STEP 2 Using the Frequency Tune control vary the tuned freq
92. eading will be slightly higher than the actual level being measured Note the word a J average the reason for it will become apparent later in the paragraph How much the noise offsets the measurement from its actual level depends on the signal to noise ratio to the in strument or of the incoming signal As the signal level is increased the difference between 3 43 be er er er E w IVAO JAIA Lf Ww the measured and actual signal level diminishes For example if the input signal level is 80dBm and the RMS level of the noise is 90dBm the instrument will measure a level of 77 61dBm However increasing the input signal level to 10dBm causes the instrument to measure 9 99913dBm Obviously this will be read as 10dBm If the noise were a sine wave or any other consistent waveshape for that matter the offset level reading would at least be consistent Unfortunately this is not the case The amplitude of the noise varies ran domly with time The random variation of the noise causes the level reading to fluctuate This is the reason for the word average noted earlier in the paragraph It can only be said that the average level reading will be slightly higher than the actual level being measured In dividual readings may be quite lower or higher than the input signal level because of the in stantaneous value of the noise To the operator measuring a signal the level readings tend to change randomly or to rack
93. easurements on telephone message channels When the WTD Bandwidth is selected either a psophometric hp 3586A CCITT version or a C Message hp 3586B Bell ver sion filter is placed in series with the 3100Hz Bandwidth filter Both plots of these weighting curves are illustrated in Figure 3 5 2 Measurements of weighted noise signals correspond closely to subjective evaluations of the unweighted noise level pr 3 5 24 Automatic Calibration Turn the AUTO CAL off when the instrument is used 1 2 strictly for monitoring a channel or for outputting a demodulated channel signal through the i headphone or audio jacks This will eliminate the interruption caused by the three minute calibration 3 5 25 Miscellaneous Control Settings The control settings listed are those typically chosen for noise level measurements or for monitoring message channel signals Other selec tions can be made if the operator desires Comprehensive information on each control is given in the reference paragraph Rangere s3640iesare 3 2 68 pss canes 10dB Full Scale 3 2 71 20 eee AUTO UAir ee hoa vaste wale 3 2 91 0 02 0 ANY Offsets sauen iea 3 2 98 cheeses EITHER 3 5 26 OFFSETS NOTE The Offset feature is typically used for making amplitude measurements relative to the Test Level Point when measuring signals in telecommunications systems lt 3 5 27 When the OFFSET OFF ON control is on an offset stored within the instrument is subtracted from
94. ed in the transfer The HANDSHAKE LINES coordinate the asynchronous data transfer by communicating the status of the transfer to the device sending the data Talker the device receiving the data Listener and the device con trolling the transfer Controller GENERAL INTERFACE MANAGEMENT LINES These five lines operate independently and in conjunction to send Bus Management Messages to the devices connected to the HP iB Each line has a precise definition that is either sent or not sent depending on the truth state of the line The lines are defined as follows Attention ATN Identifies ASCII characters on the DATA lines as a command command mode or as data to be transferred data mode Remote Enable REN in conjunction with the ATN Line places the instrument in the Remote mode End or Identify EO1 Indicates the last character of a multibyte data message Also used with At tention Line to conduct a parallel poll Service Request SRQ A device on the bus uses this line to request service from the controller Interface Clear FC Halts all bus activity Figure 3 11 1b Abridged Description Of The HP IB 3 84 Modei J3350A B U HP IB Operation Some Hewlett Packard controllers and possibly others required a coded form of the above addresses called a Device Address The factory selected Device Address for the hp 3586A B C is 16 sixteen The talk and listen addresses and therefore the Device Addr
95. either frequency 3 66 Model 3586A B C Jitter 3 7 13 Channel Select the Channel in accord with the signal being received If a signal not associated with a message channel is being measured it makes little difference which channel is selected N e Configures the instrument to receive an inverted message channel lower sideband signal AA e Configures the instrument to receive an erect message channel upper sideband signal 3 7 14 Coarse Tuning 3 7 15 The instrument is coarsely tuned whenever the input signal is within the instrument bandpass In the Phase Jitter measurement mode the instrument is coarsely tuned by simply entering the Entry Frequency 3 7 16 Entering The Entry Frequency Use the following procedure to enter either the car rier frequency or the RF test tone frequency in accord with the Entry Frequency mode selec tion If a signal not associated with a message channel is being measured for example the output of a carrier generator enter its frequency STEP 1 Press F STEP 2 Enter the significant digits and decimal as required STEP 3 Press or as appropriate 3 7 17 Fine Tuning The Instrument For Jitter Measurements Basically the procedure for fine tuning is to count the frequency of the signal to be measured and then use the results to modify the contents of the Entry Frequency register The Entry Frequency register deter mines the tuned frequency of the instrument
96. el Pictorials 3 1 3 The functions of the front and rear panel controls indicators and connectors are described in Figure 3 1 1 Figure 3 1 2 Figure 3 1 3 LD i 35866 SELECTIVE LEVEL MET ae in ROWLETT PACKARD a STRY ON ee pee TEREQUENCY ENTRY foo anes Ocha owen v werat ag aan 9 CARR TONE i i H Listen Grodan a saa zor TASH a we o oe ca RSA ae x eS i H H AUTOCAL AUS RANGE m e FuLL SCALES avs r UNIT OF SE rae i INRE r CHANNEL N COUNTER ji o 50 oO 5 sg E ol O6 E oN 5 je pt aE aa e ethernet ca ieee aaah SSS O FREQUENCY TUN ac a SELECTIVE SSS CHANNEL fa en Er WDH A H o TOME NOISE LOomstT p MOG IGOOH CARRIER EROH i Bog S800 oeooo ae AUTO FREG STEP 20K N RESOLUTION IOkAnSOpI FEA 400w i D eta es 2a0 dome a Oe we Figure 3 1 6 Figure 3 1 5 Figure 3 1 7 Figure 3 1 4 Figure 3 1 1 3586 Front Panel 3 2 IWIVUUEL JJ00A D L NJUEIOL AL VAPJCLALIIIB RURALI g 3 1 8 Error Message Definitions The format for all error messages except calibration er g D ror messages is Err N or ENN where N is a number that indicates the specific error message N i l The Full Scale level cannot be changed manually while the instrument is in Automatic Full Scale N 1 2 The 10dB Range cannot be used when the instrument is in the Wideband or Impulse measurement modes N 2 2 The Jitter cannot be measured because
97. ent Entry display 3 62 FOS ivIVU TI DIOUAYS D L CNTR STEP 2 Press Counter to Frequency This causes the counter reading to modify the contents of the Entry F requency register The new Entry Frequency will be displayed for a few seconds and then the display reverts back to the counted frequency The Entry Frequency may be different from the counted frequency depending on the instrument mode and the Entry Frequency mode 3 6 23 INSTRUMENT CONFIGURATION FOR TONE 1004Hz 2600Hz 1010Hz AND TONE 800Hz MEASUREMENTS 3 6 24 The control settings listed below are those typically chosen for any of the measure ment modes listed in Paragraph 3 6 23 Other selections can be made if the operator desires Comprehensive information on each control is given in the referenced paragraph AUTOmatic CALibration 3 1 7 2 ON RANGE o eacosa arni dr chee aAA 3 2 68 0 aana 10dB FULL SCALE se iwalss sain bene ta 3 2 71 22 00 AUTO TAN ETOCS ea owe had chek ees 3 2 93 a 0 0 OFF DINUES atmos e Ta A AEA TUA 3 7 91 00an ANY 3 6 25 OFFSETS NOTE The Offset feature is typically used for making amplitude measurements relative to the Test Level Point when measuring signals in telecommunications systems 3 6 26 Amplitude measurement data can be offset by a fixed amount if the operator wishes The offset is enterd either directly or by transferring an amplitude reading to the off set storage register When the OF
98. ent functions transfer measurement data coordinate instrument operation or manage the system The ability to communicate these messages creates several new and powerful capabilities Instrument operation can be automated Two or more instruments can be integrated to form a system The system will include all of the individual instrument capabilties plus new capabilities created by the coordinated operation of the instruments Data can be manipulated and stored by a calculator or computer Controller peripherals such as plotters and printers provide a permanent record of data in a variety of formats It is not unusal to see all of these advantages realized in a single application of the HP IB A typical HP IB system is illustrated in Figure 3 11 la An abridged description of the HP IB is contained in Figure 3 11 1b 3 11 4 Introductory Programming Guide 3 11 5 The quickest and easiest way to get started with the HP IB is to use an Introductory Programming Guide The guide contains descriptions and exercises that illustrate all of the hp 3586A B C HP IB operations and enough of the controller I O operations to allow the 1yp 1B is Hewlett Packard Company s implementation of IEEE Standard 488 1975 Standard Digital Interface for Pro grammable Instrumentation 3 81 HPr 1b Uperauon 3 82 operator to write practical programs It may take as little as 40 minutes for an inexperienced operator to complete
99. ent is 3 46 MOdE JIS0A B L NOISE 10ne subtracted from the measured signal level The result is then presented in the 5 Measurement Entry Display An 0 is appended to the unit s annunciator to indicate that the displayed level is offset Zero is subtracted from the measured signal level if no offset has been entered An offset can be entered by entering its magnitude directly or by transferring an amplitude reading to the offset storage register Entries can be made with the OFFSET OFF ON control either on or off Offsets are retained until another value is entered or the instrument is turned off To display the Offset press _ Press to CONT resume measurement NOTE Make the Units selection befoe entering the offset Offsets are not referenced to any particular impedance or level Because of this the magnitude of an entered offset does not change when the Units are changed 3 3 23 Direct Offset Entry Use the following procedure to directly enter the magnitude of an offset Any value from 199 99dB to 199 99dB can be entered STEP 1 Press in the Entry control group The current offset will appear in the Measurement Entry Display a STEP 2 Enter the digits and decimal point as required H STEP 3 Press or as appropriate MEAS STEP 4 Press to resume measurement CONT The contents of the offset register can be changed in one dB step using the Increment and Decrement keys Press OFFSET then pres
100. erformance Specifications Cont d j Power 100 120 220 240V 5 10 48 to 66Hz 150VA Weight 23Kg 50 ibs net 30Kg 65 ibs shipping Dimensions 177mm high x 425 5mm wide x 466 7mm deep 7 high x 16 75 wide x 18 38 deep Table 1 2 Recommended Test Equipment Critical Specifications Application Recommended hp Modal Ne Synthesizer Level Generator 200Hz 65MHz 10dBm 3335A opt 001 B80dBm 00 01dB levei resolu special KOS tion frequency stability of less than 1x 107 7 year calibrated at tenuator Synthesizer Level Generator 40H2z2 21MHz 10dBm 3325A 45dBm frequency stability of less than x 10 year Oscilloscope 100MHz BW 180A 1808A 1821A Spectrum Analyzer 1kHz 32 5MHz 60dB dynamic 1417 8553B 8552B range 1dB Div Vertical Scale 3585A Si a Digital Multimeter 0 imV AC accuracy at 0 45V 3455A opt 001 VRMS and kHz 1 0aV DC ac curacy at GmV t0 050 accuracy at 200 RF Voltmeter 471A RF Amplifier 27dBm output 15dB gain O Bit QB 188 2 BNC with case 5MHz to 32 5MHz and supply Available from Q Bit P O Box 2208 Melbourne Florida 32901 Signature Analyzer 5004A tOOKHz Low Pass Filter 48dB Octave Roll off 750 Available from input and output Allen Avionics 1OMHz Low Pass Filter 48dB Octave Roll off 750 224E 2nd St input and output Mineola NY 11501 Attenuator Calibrated 0 03db with Cal Sheet 355D 500Directional Bridge GOdB Return Loss 8721A 40dB
101. erly tuned when Jitter is selected The instrument automatically modifies its tuning according to the measurement mode 3 7 9 The phase jitter measurement circuitry is designed to accept a 1004Hz tone on a message channel once the instrument is tuned to the message channel The procedure for tuning to a message channel is basically 1 Select the Entry Frequency mode Carrier or Tone 2 Depending on the previous selection enter either the Carrier or Tone frequency of the message channel carrying the 1004Hz test tone 3 Count the RF frequency of the 1004Hz test tone 4 Fine tune the instrument by using the counted frequency to modify the entered fre quency This procedure is presented in detail in the following paragraphs With slight modification also given in the detailed procedure the instrument can be tuned to signals not associated with message channels 3 7 10 Instrument Configuration For Tuning 3 7 11 Entry Frequency Using the entry Frequency controls the operator can choose be tween entering either the Carrier frequency or the Tone frequency when tuning the instru ment to a message channel When Tone is selected the RF frequency of a 1kHz 3586B or 800Hz 3586A test tone on the message channel is entered and displayed Note that the tone need not be on the channel Similarly the Carrier frequency is entered and displayed when CARRIER is selected The operator can choose whichever mode is most convenient rega
102. ess can be changed if desired see Appendix C Address Selection Actually there is no reason to change these addresses unless another device with the same address such as an additional hp 3586A B C is added to the system 3 11 17 Synthesizing Controller Statements For Instrument Operation 3 11 18 The interface between the operator and the instrument is changed drastically when an instrument is operated over the HP IB During non HP IB operation the operator ac tuates front panel controls that are labeled according to function Often only a single con trol is used to activate an instrument function Outputting measurement data consists simply of looking at the front panel display In contrast during HP IB operation the operator typically faces a keyboard of alpha numeric characters Neither the key functions nor their labels correspond to the instrument operation The natural question is What instructions must be entered on the controller to cause a particular action in the instrument This subsection explains how to answer that question 3 11 19 An ideal HP IB operating section in an instrument manual would give specific in structions such as To initiate a measurement in the hp 3586A B C enter trg 716 on the controller This instruction is very specific and leaves little room for error Unfortunately it is not possible to give such specific instructions Each HP IB compatible device e g the hp 3586A
103. etector Logger in the instrument As expected another ae performance parameter must be traded off to obtain the reduced racking provided by AVEraging Measurements occur at approximately one second intervals when AVEraging is on four times slower than the measurement speed during normal operation Four measurements are averaged and displayed The criteria for selecting the AVEraging measurement mode is simple Select AVEraging whenever the racking of the Measurement Entry display does not permit the desired measurement accuracy and or resolution 3 3 18 Units 3 3 19 Units of dBm dBpw dB 775V or dBV can be selected for the amplitude level presented in the Measurement Entry Display by pressing the corresponding UNITS control The OdBm reference level is one milliwatt dissipated in the impedance selected from the TERMINATION control group Note that units of dBpw are identical to the dBrn units us ed in some segments of the Telecommunications Industry when making level measurements The reference level of the dBV units is one volt The reference level for dB 775V is 775 volts Annunciators located next to the Amplitude Level Display label the displayed amplitude with the selected units 3 3 20 AUTO CALibration AUTO CAL should be left on virtually all the time A com plete discussion of AUTO CAL is given beginning with Paragraph 3 1 17 3 3 21 Offsets 3 3 22 When the OFFSET OFF ON control is on an offset stored within the instrum
104. f In each case one other control is also selected BANDWIDTH 20Hz The bandwidth may be changed if desired Using the widest bandwidth 1740 2000 or 3100 may result in an erroneous measurement 3 6 9 INPUT TERMINATION 3 6 10 Select the input TERMINATION in accord with the test point to which the instru ment is being connected The dominant consideration is the impedance In the vast majority of cases a terminated input with a particular impedance is required The maximum input power of all inputs is 27dBm 5 watts For all inputs except the 50 ohm and 75 ohm in puts the maximum DC voltage between any two terminals including ground is 42 volts The total power composite due to AC and DC input to the 50 ohm and 75 ohm terminated inputs must not exceed 5 watts 3 60 Model 35860A B L lone l 3 6 11 TUNING THE INSTRUMENT IN THE TONE 1004Hz 2600Hz 1010Hz AND TONE 800Hz A MEASUREMENT MODES NOTE If the instrument was tuned to the desired message channel while in another measurement mode it will be properly tuned when any of the above measurement modes are selected The instrument automatically modifies its tuning according to the measurement mode 3 6 12 The procedure for tuning the instrument to any of the signals listed in Paragraph 3 6 11 consists of five steps Select the Entry Frequency mode Enter the Entry Frequency Adjust the tuning until a peak is obtained on the analog meter Count t
105. ficantly different when the instrument is mistuned Fine Tuning to such a signal is impossible To overcome this deficiency a 1kHz test tone is tem porarlily placed on the message channel for the purpose of fine tuning Of course once the instrument is tuned the 1kHz signal is removed Note that if the instrument is equipped with an Option 004 high stability oven fine tuning to noise signals is not necessary The pro cedures for tuning to the two types of signals share several steps These common steps are presented first They are followed by the special steps required for each type of signal 3 5 11 Instrument Configuration For Tuning 3 5 12 Entry Frequency Using the Entry Frequency Controls the operator can choose between entering either the Carrier frequency or the Tone frequency when tuning the instru ment to a message channel When TONE is selected the RF frequency of a 1004Hz 3586B or 800Hz 3586A test tone on the message channel is entered and displayed Note that the tone need not be on the channel Similarly the Carrier frequency is entered and displayed when CARRIER is selected The operator can choose whichever mode is most convenient regardless of the Measurement mode selection 3 5 13 The Entry Frequency mode selection does not depend on the measurement mode selection Each measurement mode has a frequency or band of frequencies associated with it that have a fixed relation to either of the Entry Frequencies As long as t
106. fice If the shipping con tainer is damaged or the cushioning material shows signs of stress notify the carrier as well as the Hewlett Packard Office Keep the shipping materials for the carrier s inspection A list of hp Sales and Service Offices is given at the back of this manual To avoid the possibility of dangerous electrical shock do not apply ac line power to the hp 3586A B C if there are signs of shipping damage to any portion of the outer enclosure 2 5 POWER REQUIREMENTS Before applying ac line power to the hp 3586A B C be sure that the VOLTAGE SELECTOR switch is set for the proper line voltage and the correct line fuse is installed in the rear panel line FUSE holder See Paragraphs 2 24 and 2 25 2 1 A1IDLGLIALIVEL ATRL FSPUUSA AF OW 2 6 The Model 3586A B C requires a single phase ac power source of vad 86 V to 127 V 48H z to 66Hz or 189 V to 255 V 48Hz to 66Hz Maximum power consumption is less than 150 Watts and maximum line current is 2 amperes 2 7 Power Cables 2 8 Figure 2 1 illustrates the standard power plug configurations that are used on hp power cables The hp part number directly below each drawing is the part number for a power cable equipped with a power plug of that configuration The type of power cable that is shipped with each instrument is determined by the country of destination If the ap propriate power cable is not included with your instrument contact the nearest h
107. filter simply flush it with soapy water rinse and then air dry 2 15 Thermal Cutout The hp 3586A B C has a thermal cutout switch mounted on a bracket along with the power supply pass elements The pass elements are normally the hot test components in the entire instrument Whenever the temperature of the thermal cutout switch reaches about 100 C the line voltage is internally disconnected from the instru ment The switch resets automatically when the instrument cools If a thermal cutout occurs check for fan stoppage clogged fan ports and other conditions that could obstruct air flow or cause excessive heating 2 16 Storage and Shipping Environment 2 17 The hp 3586A B C should be stored in a clean dry environment The following en vironmental limitations apply to both storage and shipment Temperature 40 C to 78 C 40 F to 158 F Relative Humidity 5 ces RaW iesd Flere as ok Great ea 95 Altitude 25 25 eecie idea voelen cent 15 300 metres 50 000 ft In high humidity environments the instrument must be protected from temperature varia tions that could cause internal condensation LLIDLALIGLIVEL 2 3 LLEESLAULLALIOU AYEVUIEL JIOULL D WU 2 18 PREPARATION FOR USE 2 19 Mounting 2 20 Bench Mounting The hp 3586A B C has plastic feet attached to the bottom panel The plastic feet are shaped to make full width modular instruments self align when they are stacked Foldaway tilt sta
108. for each of the input attenuator settings and for each bandwidth are stored within the instrument These calibration constants are then used to correct subsequent measurement data before they are displayed BUELANZER 3 17 WICHICLGL NJ PULALILLE ALU iliGtlvil IVAVUITE JIOULSL D WN 3 1 16 Operator s Maintenance p 3 1 17 The operator s maintenance consists of cleaning the air filter on the fan and replac ing blown fuses 3 1 18 Cleaning The Air Filter The air filter must be clean to insure proper cooling of the instrument Generally cleaning the air filter once every thirty days of continuous operation is adequate however if the operating environment is especially dusty more frequent clean ing may be required Use the following procedure to clean the air filter Unplug the hp 3586A B C Remove the air filter Wash the air filter with soapy water Rinse the air filter and let it dry e Replace the air filter on the instrument The principal purpose of a fuse is to prevent fires in the event of a short circuit in the instrument To a lesser degree a fuse also reduces shock hazard and damage to the instrument if an internal ook short does occur If a fuse with a larger than recommended ampere a F P rating is used or if a fuse other than the recommended type is used some or all of the protection afforded by the fuse will be lost cf amp 3 1 19 Fuse Replacement 3 18 Ne AVAIL OIJOUL
109. g weighting Option 004 High Stability Frequency Refer High Stability Frequency Refer High Stability Fre ence ence quency Reference i Ne ee 1 12 2TAW YEWA ee WTA AS BE wr BDRAFUUALEELAVILIE SECTION II INSTALLATION 2 1 INTRODUCTION 2 2 This section contains installation instructions for the Model 3586A B C Selective Level Meter These instructions consist of the following specific information Initial Inspection Procedures Power and Grounding Requirements Environmental Requirements Cabinet Mounting and Preparation for Bench Use Turn On Procedures How to Mechanically Interface with the HP IB Repackaging for Shipment HP IB is Hewlett Packard s implementation of IEEE Std 488 1975 Standard Digital Interface for Programmable Instrumentation 2 3 INITIAL INSPECTION 2 4 This instrument was carefully inspected both mechanically and electrically before ship ment It should be free of mars or scratches and in perfect electrical order upon receipt To confirm this carefully inspect the instrument for signs of physical damage incurred in tran sit check for supplied accessories Paragraph 1 19 and after completing the installation test the electrical performance using the Performance Test procedures given in Section IV If there is physical damage if the contents are incomplete or if the instrument does not pass the Performance Tests notify the nearest hp Sales and Service Of
110. ge Combination Full Seale Maximum Input Power Full Scale Maximum Input Power 3 2 76 Entering The Full Scale Level Use the following procedure to enter the full scale level Legal entries are at five decibel intervals and between 11dB and 129dB for units of dBV between 110dB and 30dB for dBpw and between 20dB and 120dB for dBm units If an illegal entry is made the full scale level will jump to the next highest permitted Ea value Nu ENTRY STEP 1 Press o STEP 2 Press a tt i STEP 3 Enter the digits as required MHz kHz STEP 4 Press d8 or as appropriate STEP 5 Press MEAS CONT 3 2 77 Overload Underload Indicators The instrument is equipped with an input overload detector and an Intermediate Frequency IF Amplifier overload and underload detector 3 2 78 Input Overload Indicator An annunciator located just to the left of the Measurement Entry display will flash OVLD whenever the drive to the first mixer in the instrument is excessive When this happens either increase the full scale level or reduce the level of the input signal Measurements made while the input is overloaded may Paragraph ee 3 2 9 be affected by intermodulation distortion In AUTOmatic Full Scale the full scale ce level is automatically adjusted to prevent overloading As a result when the instrument is in this mode the OVLD annunciator will flash only briefly during autoranging Model
111. he desired signal Otherwise it is necessary to scan the frequency spectrum plus or minus 200Hz to be certain that the instrument is properly tuned 3 2 58 Frequency Tune Control This control provides continuous Frequency Entry When either of the Resolution Controls is on rotating the Frequency Tune Control will 3 32 IYIVUTI JJO D WY IIE VLEVE change the tuned frequency in increments or decrements determined by the Resolution ei Controls Clockwise rotation increases the frequency and counter clockwise rotation i decreases it Table 3 2 1 Frequencies At Which Signal Search May Be Required Wane Entry Entry Frequency gt 20MHz Frequency gt 6MHz Entry Option Frequency gt 20MHz The tuning procedure is now complete If a dominant amplitude single frequency signal has been furnished for the purposes of tuning it should now be removed 3 2 59 AUTOmatic When AUTOmatic resolution is selected the frequency increments of the Frequency Tune Control are determined by the Bandwidth selection According to Bandwidth selection the frequency changes are 100Hz for the widest Banwidth 20Hz for the 400Hz Bandwidth and 1Hz for the 20Hz Bandwidth 3 2 60 FREquency STEP The resolution of the Frequency Tune Control is equal to the quantity stored in the frequency step register when FREQuency STEP resolution is selected At turn on this value is 1Hz Use the following procedure to enter a different Frequency dii Step 3
112. he entered fre quency is correct for the message channel and the Entry Frequency selection the instrument will automatically tune to the frequency or band of frequencies required by the measurement mode Since the purpose of these controls is to facilitate tuning when measuring signals in telecommunications systems they are functional only when one of the SSB CHANNEL i e telecommunications measurement modes is selected An annunciator in one of the controls remains lit while the instrument is in the Selective measurement mode to indicate how the displayed frequency will be interpreted if the instrument is switched to one of the SSB Channel measurement modes ETN Ne 3 5 14 Channel Select the channel in accord with the message channel signal being re ceived 3 54 MOGEL 3380A B C NOISe UBMUDuIation np 3586A B e Configures the instrument to receive a lower sideband signal AA contigures the instrument to receive an upper sideband signal 3 5 15 Coarse Tuning 3 6 16 The instrument is coarsely tuned whenever the input signal is within the instrument bandpass In the NOISE DEMODulation measurement mode the instrument is coarsely tuned by simply entering the Entry Frequency Carrier or Tone according to the Entry Fre quency selection 3 5 17 Entering The Entry Frequency Use the following procedure to enter either the car rier frequency or the RF test tone frequency in accord with the Entry Frequency mo
113. he frequency of the signal and Transfer the count to the Entry Frequency register Un ob WN re The contents of the Entry Frequency register determine the tuned frequency of the instru ment 3 6 13 Instrument Configuration For Tuning Ne 3 6 14 Entry Frequency Using the Entry Frequency Controls the operator can choose between entering either the Carrier frequency or the Tone frequency when tuning the instru ment to a message channel When TONE is selected the RF frequency of a 1004Hz 3586B or 800Hz 3586A test tone on the message channel is entered and displayed Note that the tone need not be on the channel Similarly the Carrier frequency is entered and displayed when CARRIER is selected The operator can choose whichever mode is most convenient regardless of the Measurement mode selection 3 6 15 The Entry Frequency mode selection does not depend on the measurement mode selection Each measurement mode has a frequency or band of frequencies associated with it that have a fixed relation to either of the Entry Frequencies As long as the entered fre quency is correct for the message channel and the Entry Frequency selection the instrument will automatically tune to the frequency or band of frequencies required by the measurement mode Since the purpose of these controls is to facilitate tuning when measuring signals in telecommunications systems they are functional only when one of the SSB CHANNEL i e telecommunications me
114. he operator instructs the instrument to tune to the frequency just measured Since the input signal was just measured the instrument is precise ly tuned to the input signal frequency Note that a dominant single frequency signal must be present in the input signal for the counter to count Most commonly measured signals have such a component naturally If the input signal does not contain the required component one can be furnished temporarily for the purpose of fine tuning When a signal is furnished temporarily its frequency must be at the center of the bandpass to be measured IYEMI SPURS bh wr 3 2 46 Instrument Configuration For Tuning 3 2 47 The optimum control settings for tuning the hp 3586A B C to the vast majority of input signals are given below The possible exceptions are very low amplitude input signals and fluctuating input signals that cause the instrument to autorange constantly see Paragraph 3 2 71 3 2 48 Channel Select the channel in accord with the signal being received If the instru ment is being tuned to a noncommunications signal it makes no difference which Channel selection is used N Configures the instrument to receive a lower sideband signal PA e Configures the instrument to receive an upper sideband signal 3 2 49 Bandwidth Use the widest Bandwidth selection permitted by the composition of the input signal Recall that a single frequency dominant amplitude signal must be prese
115. her end of the power cord into a three terminal grounded power outlet To protect operating personnel the hp 3586A B C chassis and cabinet must be grounded The hp 3586A B C is equipped with a three wire power cord which when plugged into an appropriate receptacle grounds the instrument The offset pin on the power plug is the ground connection To preserve this protection feature the power plug shall only be inserted in a three terminal receptacle having a protective earth ground contact The protective action must not be negated by the use of an extension cord or adapter that does not have the required earth ground connection Ground ing one conductor of a two conductor outlet is not sufficient pro tection 2 27 Reference Frequency Connection An external frequency reference can be used to im prove the frequency accuracy and stability of the hp 3586A B C tuning The external fre quency reference must be 10 MHz or an integral submultiple of 10 MHz that is not less than 1 MHz e g 5MHz 2MHz 1MHz The amplitude of the external frequency reference signal must be at least 10 dBm Connect the reference signal to the EXT REF INPUT 10 MHz N connector on the rear panel If the reference signal source is an internal 10 MHz Crystal Oven Optional 004 the 10 MHz Oven output on the rear panel should be con nected to the EXT REF INPUT 10 MHZ N input using the BNC to BNC adaptor packed with the accessories see Figure 1 1 NOTE Valid
116. hich device or devices are requesting service It does this by conducting a Serial Poll Each polled device responds by sending a Status Byte which indicates among other things whether or not the instrument requested service Serial Polling and Status Byte Messages are explained fully in the discussion of the Status Byte Message see Paragraph 3 11 40 The Require Service Message will be cleared when the device sending it is polled or if the condition causing it disappears In some applications the controller is programmed to interrupt its main routine and respond to a Require Service Message immediately Alter natively it may periodically check the status of the Service Request line and respond when a request is discovered Considering the problems that generate a Require Service Message in the hp 3586A B C interrupting the main routine and servicing the request immediately seems advisable 3 11 39 Implementation The Require Service Message originates in the devices on the bus A technical description of its implementation is presented in Figure A 8 of Appendix A 3 11 40 Status Byte A Status Byte Message is sent by a device on the bus to the active con troller The individual bits of the Status Byte indicate the status of various device instrument functions and whether or not the instrument requested service see Paragraph 3 11 41 The definition of each bit in the hp 3586A B C Status Byte Message is presented in Table 3 11 2 Once th
117. hing for the input signal consists of varying the tuned frequency of the instrument until the signal fails within the instrument bandpass This is most easily done using the Frequency Tune Control Paragraph 3 2 58 As expected it is often necessary to search for an input signal when the input signal frequency is not precisely known What may not be expected is that it is sometimes necessary to search for the input signal even when its frequency JS precisely known Whenever the error in the instrument s tuned frequency is nominally equal to one half of the bandwidth the entered frequency and therefore the input signal will not fall within the instrument bandpass In other words the instrument bandpass may not in clude the frequency displayed on the front panel Exactly when this is likely to happen is a function of the Entry Frequency Bandwidth selection and frequency reference used in the instrument The combinations of these factors that require a search for the input signal are summarized in Table 3 2 1 When any of these conditions exist the operator must search for the input signal or verify that the signal being received is the desired signal Note that an in crease in the level indication does NOT mean that the instrument is properly tuned The in strument may be tuned to the wrong signal If you are certain there are no other signals in the vicinity of the desired signal it is safe to assume that an increase in indicated level is due to t
118. hp 3586A B C The true state of bit 5 is defined as The reference is not locked to an external frequency standard Since this is a normal operating mode it will not cause a Service Request When the system uses an external frequency stan dard a programmer might routinely check this instrument function at the beginning of each program 3 11 42 Serial Polling A Serial Poll is a routine in the program that sequentially requests a Status Byte from some or all devices on the HP IB The structure of the routine depends on the way in which the controller implements a Serial Poll and the purpose of the Poll A flow chart of a Serial Poll that would be conducted in response to a Require Service Message is presented in Figure 3 11 2 In this example the controller uses separate Serial Poll enable and Serial Poll disable program statements Some controllers have a single program state ment that enables a Serial Poll polls the addressed device and then disables the Serial Poll In these cases a Serial Poll of the system consists of a series of individual Serial Polls on each device The controller may interrupt the main routine and call up a Serial Poll subroutine immediately whenever a Require Service Message is received or alternatively the need for service may be detected by periodic checks in the program Recall that Serial Polls are sometimes conducted on a single device to learn the status of an instrument function that is encoded in the Status Byte b
119. hp 3586A B C using the Data Message just like other instructions actuating instrument functions It can be included in a group of instructions as long as it is the last instruction in the group It must be the last instruction so that all of the instrument functions can stabilize during the time delay 3 11 68 Overload Underload and Fast Cal If the signal being measured is not within the dynamic range of both the Input Amplifier and the IF Amplifiers the measurement data will not have the normal instrument accuracy Likewise the frequency measurement is invalid when the counter is not locked to the input signal When any of these conditions occur it is indicated in the measurement data output string 3 11 69 Input Amplifier Overload Underload A code is sent at the beginning of each measurement data string to indicate the status of the Input Amplifier The code is O for overload N for normal and U for underload 3 102 Model 3586A B C Or Uperauon i 3 11 70 IF Amplifier Overload Underload The instrument will output a level reading of 3 9XX XX when the IF Amplifiers are overloaded If they are underloaded the level 5 reading output will be 9XX XX The X s can be any digit 3 11 71 Fast Cal When using Fast Cal HP IB only the following items should be con sidered 1 When the processor receives a Fast Cal code the instruments Full Scale and tuned fre quency do not change A Calibration is performed using the widest b
120. hy that contains 60 or more channels Further insight into the use of this mode can be gained by understanding why intermodulation distortion is low when the power of the input signal is dispersed 3 2 8 When the power of the input signal is dispersed throughout a wide bandwidth the in dividual component signals have a low amplitude compared to the total input power The in strument cannot distinguish an input power level consisting of dispersed signals from an in put power level consisting of a few large tones As a result the instrument configures itself or is configured to handle a few large signals near maximum input power without excessive intermodulation distortion IM The 70dB below MIP intermodulation distortion specifica tion is really for signals of this kind When the actual individual input signals have low amplitude compared to the MIP the resulting IM distortion is much less than that an ticipated Basically there are two mechanisms that reduce the IM distortion caused by signals of this type It is well known that the amplitude of a intermodulation product is pro portional to the amplitude of the originating signals When the amplitudes of the originating signals are lowered the amplitude of the IM products also drop In fact most IM products will drop either two or three times faster than the originating signals In addition the operating range of the input mixer is not as large as expected Reducing the mixer operating r
121. ial Instrument Turn On Before applying ac line power to the hp 3586A B C be sure that the VOLTAGE SELECTOR switch is set for the proper line voltage and the correct line fuse is installed in the rear panel line FUSE holder See paragraphs 2 24 and 2 25 2 24 Line Voltage Selection Voltage selection switches on the rear panel are used to con figure the instrument to operate on one of four input line voltage ranges The range of input voltages for each configuration of the switches is illustrated in Figure 2 3 Set the switches to conform with the line voltage to be used with this instrument The switch positions for each input voltage range are indicated on the rear panel and more explicitly in Figure 2 4 sth tbe ee eee ee It ce Mie nde a alte a ae ey A 80 400 120 440 160 180 200 220 240 260 Volts AC Figure 2 3 Input Range For Each Line Voltage Switch Selection LnStalialion Model 3586A B C i 100V i 7 120V Al j a a H Figure 2 4 Switch Positions For Line Voltage Selection 2 25 Fuse Selection Verify that the line fuse selection corresponds to the input voltage range selection see Table 2 2 2110 0002 Table 2 2 Line Fuses Voltage Fuse Selector Type 100 Vor120V 2 A 250 V Fast BLO 220 V or 240 V 2110 0001 1 A 250 V Fast BLO 2 26 Power Line Connection With the front panel OFF ON control OFF out connect the ac power cord to the rear panel LINE connector Plug the ot
122. ignal through the headphone or audio jacks It has no effect on any of these outputs PROBABILITY THAT A PARTICULAR LEVEL WILL BE MEASURED LEVER omemb Le MEASURED LEVEL ACTUAL INPUT INPUT LEVEL LEVEL PLUS NOISE WITH THE AVG ON THE STANDARD DEVIATIGN IS REDUCED BY A FACTOR OF ABOUT FIVE 35867 3 2 15 Figure 3 8 1 Effect of AVEraging On Level Measurements 3 8 23 WTD Weighted The Weighted Bandwidth is used exclusively for noise measurements on telephone message channels When the WTD Bandwidth is selected either a psophometric hp 3586A CCITT version or a C Message hp 3586B Bell version filter is placed in series with the 3100Hz Bandwidth filter Both plots of these weighting curves are illustrated in Figure 3 8 2 Measurements of weighted noise signals correspond closely to subjective evaluations of the unweighted noise level 3 8 24 Automatic Calibration Turn the AUTO CAL otf when the instrument is used strictly for monitoring a channel or for outputting a demodulated channel signal through the headphone or audio jacks This will eliminate the interruption caused by the three minute calibration 3 8 25 Miscellaneous Control Settings The control settings listed below are those typically chosen for noise level measurements or for monitoring message channel signals Other selec tions can be made if the operator desires Comprehensive information on each control is given in the referenced paragraph
123. igure 3 2 2 If desired an ac tive probe can be connected to this input On the 3586C the 500 input operates identically to the 75Q input including the 10kQ 50pf capability 3 2 13 Grounding Although a special power supply and ground isolation technique is used for the input circuitry of the hp 3586A low level measurements can still be affected by ground loops Usually these ground loops are caused by poor grounding To minimize the effect of ground loops keep the cables as short as possible and in good repair If possible plug the hp 3586A into the same power outlet used to power the equipment under test 3 2 14 75 Ohm Terminated Input The 75 ohm input is used whenever the signal source needs to be terminated in 75 ohms When measuring telecommunications signals the 75 ohm input usually terminates an attenuator pad placed between the operating circuits and the test point for isolation In other applications the input impedance replaces some portion of the system circuitry 3 2 15 When making 75 ohm terminated measurements the maximum input power is 5 watt This limitation is determined by the 75 ohm terminating resistor For AC signals this 5 watt limitation corresponds to an input level of 27dBm Ordinarily the input signal will MUCiCLL Ve 3 23 MCICLLIVE IWIOUEL DIOODAS D L not have a DC component however if it does the peak value of the composite waveform AC DC may not exceed 10V SIGNAL SOURCE
124. in a safe condition the Operating and Service Manual contains information cautions and warnings which must be adhered to by the user 1 28 The 3586A B C front panel contains a AN symbol which is an international symbol meaning refer to the Operating and Service Manual The symbol flags important operating instructions located in Section III required to prevent damage to the instrument To ensure the safety of the operating and maintenance personnel and retain the operating condition of the instrument these instructions must be adhered to 1 29 RECOMMENDED TEST EQUIPMENT 1 30 Equipment required to maintain the Model 3586A B C is listed in Table 1 2 Other equipment can be substituted if it meets or exceeds the critical specifications listed in the table NOTE Calibration sheets for hp 355D hp 355C and hp 11049A HOI are obtainable from Hewlett Packard Contact your nearest a Hewlett Packard Sales and Service Office for information kau 1 4 LENI MEWA www as LAF Ow wF waa wE SGA AALS SSE AEARALANIS 1 31 CONFIGURATIONS OF MODELS AND OPTIONS 1 32 Table 1 3 contains the configurations of the 3586A B C depending on the model and the options Table 1 1 3586A B Performance Specifications FREQUENCY Frequency Range And Signal inputs Signal input 35868 750 500 10k2 Unbalanced 1240 Balanced J 1OkHz to 1OMHz amp 135 Balanced 10kHz to 1MHz 1500 Balanced 10kHz to 1MHz ss 6000 Bridged 50Hz to 100
125. ing 3 9 11 Entry Frequency Using the Entry Frequency Controls the operator can choose between entering either the Carrier frequency or the Tone frequency when tuning the instru ment to a message channel When TONE is selected the RF frequency of a 1kHz 3586B or 800Hz 3586A test tone on the message channel is entered and displayed Note that the tone need not be on the channel Similarly the Carrier frequency is entered and displayed when CARRIER is selected The operator can choose whichever mode is most convenient regardless of the Measurement mode selection 24 IkHz tone is often placed on a channel to cause companders to operate normally during the Impulse noise tests This causes the measurement conditions to simulate the operating conditions 3Message channels are usually designated by their position in the FDM hierarchy i e Master Group Number Supergroup Number Group Number and Channel Number Charts are available in the operating telephone offices that give either the Carrier or Tone frequency for each of the channels Therefore regardless of the exact frequency component of the message channel to be measured it is easiest to tune the instrument using one of these two frequencies The Entry Frequency controls allow the operator to choose either frequency 3 76 Model 3586A B C impulse 3 9 12 The Entry Frequency mode selection does not depend on the measurement mode selection Each measurement mode has a frequency
126. ing connected The dominant consideration is the impedance In the vast majority of cases a terminated input with a particular impedance is required The maximum input fs power of all input is 27dBm 5 watts For all inputs except the 50 ohm and 75 ohm in Ly puts the maximum DC voltage between any two terminals including ground is 42 volts lfrequency Domain Multiplexing 3 53 INUIS VUEIVIVLIUIALIVL Hp JOCUA BD NWLOGEL SSSOA B LU The total power composite due to AC and DC input to the 50 ohm and 75 ohm terminated inputs must not exceed 5 watts 3 5 9 TUNING THE INSTRUMENT IN THE NOISE DEMODULATION MEASUREMENT MODE NOTE If while in another measurement mode the instrument was tuned to the desired message channel it will be properly tuned when NOISE DEMODulation is selected The instrument automatically modifies its tuning according to the measurement mode 3 5 10 The procedure used to tune the instrument in the NOISE DEMODulation measure ment mode depends on the type of signal in the channel Normally an input signal must contain a dominant single frequency component if the instrument is to be fine tuned Of course neither voice or noise signals contain such a component When the message channel is carrying voice traffic this problem is easily overcome The operator simply adjusts the tuning for natural sound Tuning is not so easy when the channel contains only noise Noise does not sound unnatural or signi
127. ion STEP 2 Press Threshold The current threshold level will appear in the Measurement Entry display STEP 3 Enter the digits and decimal as required STEP 4 Press and as appropriate STEP 5 Press oy CONT Do not change the units selection after entering the Threshold level The Threshold and Offset entry parameters do not change magnitude as a function of units selection NOTE 3 9 20 Full Seale Use AUTOmatic Full Scale When AUTO is used the instrument automatically configures itself for the best signal to noise ratio obtainable without overloading It is possible to use the Entry mode during Impulse measurements Note however that the dynamic range with the instrument in Entry is less than it is with the instru ment in AUTO Furthermore there is no particular advantage to using the Entry mode 3 9 21 Units Averaging and Offset These controls have no effect on the Impulse Noise measurement However they do affect the input signal amplitude data that is presented in the Measurement Entry display during the Impulse measurement The effects of these con trols are described in the paragraphs referenced below UNITS sock ta crete hae ee die pe eee eee eaters Y 3 2 91 AVERAGING encraiecc ese oriana p reer de i ai ei ye oe 3 2 93 OFFSET sow oeron EE EE E oe keer T a 3 2 98 3 78 TO TT em ae a mee vas AFANIMWE SoU BRS LI W SA CHAPTER TEN NETWORK ANALYSIS 3 10 1 The insertion loss of signal processing networks
128. ired message channel while in another measurement mode it will be properly tuned when Car rier is selected The instrument automatically modifies its tuning according to the measurement mode 3 4 7 The procedure for tuning the instrument to Carrier signals consists of five steps 1 Select the Entry Frequency Mode 2 Enter the Entry Frequency 3 Search for the carrier Pa signal or verify that the proper signal is being received 4 count the signal and 5 transfer the ty count to the Entry Frequency register The contents of the Entry Frequency register deter mine the tuned frequency of the instrument 3 48 Model 35386A B C Carrier ie 3 4 8 Instrument Configuration For Tuning 3 4 9 Entry Frequency Using the Entry Frequency Controls the operator can choose between entering either the Carrier frequency or the Tone frequency when tuning the instrument to a message channel When TONE is selected the RF frequency of a 1kHz 3586B or 800Hz 3586A test tone on the message channel is entered and displayed Note that the tone need not be on the channel Similarly the Carrier frequency is entered and displayed when CARRIER is selected The operator can choose whichever mode is most convenient regardless of the Measurement mode selection 3 4 10 The Entry Fequency mode selection does not depend on the measurement mode selection Each measurement mode has a frequency or band of frequencies associated with it that have a fixed relati
129. kHz The 1240 1350 1500 and 6002 inputs are usable over wider frequency ranges than specified Frequency Resolution O 1Hz Center Frequency Accuracy 1x 10 gt S year 2 x 10 year with option 004 Counter Accuracy 1 0Hz in addition to center frequency accuracy for signals within the 60dB bandwidth of the IF filter chosen or greater than 100dBm largest signal measured Frequency Display 9 digit LED SELECTIVITY 3dB Bandwidth 10 3506A CCITT 35886 No American 3586F General Standard Option 063 Option803 Standard 20Hz 20Hz 20Hz 400Hz 400Hz 400Hz 1740Hz 3100Hz 3100Hz Psophemotric C Message Noise Weighting Noise Weighting Psophometric Equivalent Noise Weighting Filter C Message Equivalent Noise Weighting Filter He Adjacent Channel Rejection 75dB minimum at 2850Hz 3100Hz BW 2500Hz 2000Hz BW 2350Hz 1740Hz BW Carrier Rejection Bandwidth 6Gdb Points Max 40GHz Bandwidth 8048 Rejection 3700Hz 1850Hz 1100Hz 2000Hz 1500Hz 3 sure 1740Hz 1350H2 Z20Hz Bandwidth Rejection 30dB 45Hz 6OdB 9OHz CHCA NAL LALA WL Abeceaszin ATEN AONTAS LPS NW Table 1 1 3586A B C Performance Specifications Cont d Passband Flatness Bandwidth Flatness Range Flatness AMPLITUDE Measurement Range 20 to 130dBm Amplitude Resolution O1dB Level Accuracy 10dB auto range low distortion mode after calibration For the 3586C 750 500 and 6002 inputs below 8
130. l while in another measurement mode it will be properly tuned when Im pulse is selected The instrument automatically modifies its tuning according to the measurement mode 3 9 9 The exact procedure for tuning the instrument to make Impulse measurements depends on whether or not the message channel being tested is carrying a 1kHz signal If the channel is idle tuning consists of only the following two steps 1 Select the most convenient Entry Frequency mode 2 Enter the Entry Frequency in accord with the above selection Fine tuning is not required when measuring the Impulse noise on an idle channel Note the Counter to Frequency control is not functional when the instrument is in the Impulse Measurement mode When the message channel is carrying a kHz signal the instrument must be fine tuned Fine tuning aligns a narrow bandwidth kHz notch filter with the 1kHz signal on the message channel The 1kHz signal must be removed from the composite signal before Impulse noise can be measured Because of the fine tuning requirement four ADDITIONAL steps are added to the tuning procedure la Ne ss Switch to the Noise Tone measurement mode Count the RF frequency of the kHz tone on the message channel Modify the contents of the Entry frequency register with the frequency count Switch back to the Impulse measurement mode A A A w A detailed procedure is given in the following paragraphs 3 9 10 Instrument Configuration For Tun
131. led in accord with the ranges on the Analog Tuning Meter 3 2 69 100dB The entire 80dB range of the Detector Logger is used when the 100dB Range is selected Any signal level between full scale and 80dB below full scale can be measured Note that there are no specifications for measurements of signals less than 80dB below full scale the 100dB label refers to the scale of the Analog Tuning Meter When this Range is used the resolution of the Measurement Entry display is 1dB and the accuracy is wt zi T D 4 Aid AVAUIUAL SD JAUME bs NY less than the accuracy of the 10dB Range The reasons for this will become apparent from the description of the 10dB Range 3 2 70 10dB When the 10dB Range is selected all signals are detected on the most linear 10dB portion of the Detector Logger s operating range This reduces the error introduced by the non linearity of the Detector Logger and gives the 10dB Range its superior accuracy Any signal level between full scale and 10dB below full scale can be measured with 01dB resolution on this range Precision variable gain IF amplifiers adjust the Full Scale level so that all signals to be measured fall within this very linear 10dB region of the Detector Log ger regardless of their initial amplitude Amplifying the signal so that it always falls within this most linear 10dB region is the alternative to using the entire 80dB Range of the Detec tor Logger Because of the precision resistor technol
132. measurements can be made while the hp 3586A B C is or unlocked from the external frequency reference Only the ease of tuning and the accuracy of the counted frequency display will be affected 2 6 iIYLIUU I JIOUSA P W ALIDLGHALLIVLE 2 28 Turn On Conditions The hp 3586A B C can now be turned on All annunciators 5 and displays will light and remain lit for approximately three seconds after turn on At that time the Frequency Entry display will change to 1 000 000 Hz and all annunciators except those indicated in Figure 2 5 will go out Very soon after these changes level readings will begin to appear in the Amplitude Entry display Check to be sure the fan located on the rear panel is operating If the turn on sequence is incorrect if the fan is not operating or if the initial operating conditions are different from those illustrated in Figure 2 5 turn off the instrument and contact the nearest hp Sales and Service Office or a qualified service techni cian A list of hp Sales and Service Offices is given at the back of this manual ON 10dB Auto dBm CARRIER 9 E f AMEA SINEMER ENTRY endean ac I FREQUENCY ENTRY icp ee 2 STATUS pol f os rar EEA EE OFFSET 1B ag 4am 0 i Pies fT a 18 a E8 i FERRE O EZO TRSHED ik Sy dirio i eon Kei f TALK JiSoe EIN NOISE TORE CH WIE REMOTE RANGE zm GULL SCALE AV UNE Ti OFPSET a G eo CANNE E COUNTER iog tooda Agro dgr sow wine ans KEE j 65 OG 5 68
133. ment the Data Message are found in the controller documentation Usually there is more than one program statement that will implement this Message Each statement will have some unique advantage that makes it preferable for certain applications Be sure to research this Bus Message thoroughly in the controller documentation The talk address which is P for the hp 3586A B C and the formats of the data strings being transferred are found in the instrument documentation The formats for measurement result are presented in Paragraph 3 11 72 and the formats for entered parameters in Paragraph 3 11 77 3 11 67 Measure Instructions The results of each measurement can be transferred from the hp 3586A B C only once A measure instruction must be sent to the instrument before each measurement data transfer to make new data available There are two instructions that will trigger a measurement in the hp 3586A B C One is the Trigger Message It should be used on y when simultaneous response from the hp 3586A B C and another device on the bus is required see Paragraph 3 11 47 The other measure instruction is the programming code TR This instruction actually directs the instrument to wait and then measure The duration of the time delay depends on the bandwidth selection The delay is inserted to allow time for the IF amplifiers in the instrument to adjust to any new signal conditions that might have been programmed The ASCII instruction is sent to the
134. mly related the intermodulation distortion will very likely be much lower than the specified 70dB below MIP Even if the input power is not dispersed this measure ment mode may still be useful since intermodulation distortion products do not fall evenly throughout the frequency spectrum LOW NOISE measurements of both types of input signals are discussed in detail in the paragraphs that follow A word of caution this measurement mode is advantageous only when measuring low level components of relatively lTelecommunications signals can be measured if desired however it is usually more convenient to use one of the SSB Channel measurement modes for these signals 2Since the input of the hp 3586A B C is untuned the Maximum Input power is the maximum broadband power that can be applied to the input Broadband power is the sum of the input power at all frequencies JCICULIYE 3 21 OUICULIVeE IVLOUCE BIODAY P N high level input signals Furthermore the intermodulation distortion specification is only 70dB below maximum input power Obviously there could be intermodulation distortion EN products with an amplitude greater than or equal to the signal to be measured You must e know how to evaluate the input signal in order to make reliable measurements in this mode 3 2 6 Selecting Low Noise Turn the shift function on and press LOW NOISE 3 2 7 LOW NOISE Measurements of Dispersed Signals The 70dB below maximum input power intermodula
135. n 3 86 IVIOGEIL JI50A B U rHP in Uperation Table 3 11 1 Bus Message Index sae SYSTEM MANAGEMENT MESSAGES Remote Local Local Lockout Clear Lockout Set Local Clear Require Service Status Byte Status Bit Pass Control Abort DATA Data Send to hp 3586A 8 C Data Receive from hp 3586A B C NOTE I The Require Service Message originates at the instrument rather than at the controller Consequently there is no controller message that implements this message This does not diminish the importance of this message to the operator Study it carefully in turn B 2 The Status Bit Pass Control and Abort Messages cannot be i implemented because the hp 3585A B C does not have the capacity or the need to respond to them 3 11 23 Step Two Find the description of the selected Bus Message in the controller documentation This description will usually consist of the following information One or more controller statements that implement the message Mnemonics for the controller statements Syntax of the controller statements Any prerequisite operations When searching for a message in the controller documentation it is usually best to start with the Table of Contents If the message is not referenced there look in the index In order for the twelve Bus Messages to be useful the controller documentation must organize the In put Output Operation programming statements according to the definitio
136. n 7 The Device Address is not quite so easy On page 38 of the General I O Programming Manual it states that the Device Address is the decimal equivalent of the five least significant bits of the binary code for the instrument s talker and or listen addresses The listen address of the hp 3586A B C is given under the heading Implementation in the description of the Remote Message MSA LSB ae g LISTEN O zero 00110000 16 Re Model 3380A 5 4 Step 3 The binary equivalent of these ASCII characters is found us ing the ASCII Character Code Table in an Appendix of the General I O Manual the decimal equivalent of the five least significant bits is sixteen 16 The complete hp 9825A Calculator statement that im plements the Remote Message is rem 716 Note that the Device Address of the hp 3586A B C was given in Paragraph 3 11 16 along with the talk and listen ad dresses The procedure for finding the Device Address was in cluded for the sake of an example The Select Code is the address of the Input Output card that plugs into the 9825 It is usually seven 7 for the HP IB opera tions HP 1B Operation 3 89 HP IB Operation Model 3586A B C DATA send to 3586A B C Defined in Paragraph 3 11 51 DATA receive Defined in Paragraph 3 11 64 Program Statements That Implement Bus Messages For Controller 3 90 NWEOUCI DOODA D WY TRIGGER Defined in Paragraph 3 11 47 R
137. n switched to Remote the front panel LOCAL control will still be locked out Since Local Lockout is a universal message all devices on the HP IB with Local Lockout capability will respond when this message is sent 3 11 33 Implementation The entire program statement that implements the Local Lockout Message is found in the controller documentation No part of the program state ment depends on the individual instrument A technical description of the Local Lockout Message implementation is presented in Figure A 6 of Appendix A 3 11 34 Clear Lockout And Return To Local This is a universal message that switches all instruments on the HP IB to the Local mode and clears all Local Lockout conditions Other methods of accomplishing the same thing are to disconnect the HP IB cable turn the con troller off or turn off the individual devices in the system 3 92 om Set LVEUIUUUL IVOULA D WwW FIE CID Vpcrauivil 3 11 35 Implementation The entire progam statement that implements the Clear Lockout and Set Local Message is found in the controller documentation No part of the program statement depends on the individual instrument A technical description of the Clear Lockout and Set Local Message implementation is presented in Figure A 7 of Appendix A 3 22 36 Clear The Clear Message resets instruments to a predefined state The predefined state of the hp 3586A B C is identical to the conditions at turn on except that all stored fr
138. nds are built into the front feet for convenient bench use The tilt stand raises the front of the instrument for easier viewing of the control panel A front han dle kit hp Part No 5061 0090 Option 907 can be installed for ease of handling the in strument on the bench see Figure 2 2 The kit is shipped with the instrument if Option 907 is ordered It is also available separately by its hp part number The instructions for install ing the front handles are included in the kit 2 21 Rack Mounting The hp 3586A B can be mounted in an EIA standard width cabinet of 19 inches A Rack Mount Flange Kit or a Rack Flange and Front Handle Combination Kit see Figure 2 2 extends the width of the instrument to 19 inches and provides holes so that the instrument can be fastened to the cabinet A Standard Slide Kit or Instrument Sup port Rails see Figure 2 2 must be used in addition to the flanges to support the weight of the instrument when it is rack mounted The Standard Slide Kit permits the instrument to slide in and out of the cabinet like a drawer once the holding screws are removed from the flanges A Standard Tilt Slide Kit is also available In addition to the drawer like action of the standard kit the tilt kit permits the instrument to be tilted 90 in either direction after it is extended A Slide Adapter Bracket is available to adapt the Standard Slide Kit for use in non HP rack system enclosures INSTRUMENT SUPPORT RAILS STANDARD SLI
139. ne the cause of the Jitter 3 7 5 Error Messages The following error messages may be encountered while making Jitter measurements Er 1 1 Attempting to use the 10dB Range for Phase Jitter or Impulse measurements Er 2 2 Signal level is too low for valid phase jitter tests Er 2 9 Phase Jitter overrange If this error continues to be displayed after pressing several times the phase jitter is greater than 25 degrees peak to peak CONT 3 7 6 INPUT TERMINATION AN 3 7 7 Select the input TERMINATION in accord with the test point to which the instru ment is being connected The dominant consideration is the impedance In the vast majority of cases a terminated input with a particular impedance is required The maximum input power of all inputs is 27dBm 5 watts For all inputs except the 50 ohm and 75 ohm in puts the maximum DC voltage between any two terminals including ground is 42 volts The total power composite due to AC and DC input to the 50 ohm and 75 ohm terminated inputs must not exceed 5 watts Ignecial frequency weighting characteristics of the Jitter measurement mode required for measurements of telecommunica tion signals make it impractical for other applications Yoo abtwd 3 65 P JISE WAVE JI J0OVA D L 3 7 8 TUNING THE INSTRUMENT IN THE JITTER MEASUREMENT MODE NOTE If the instrument was tuned to the desired message channel while in another measurement mode it will be prop
140. ns of the twelve messages It would be unusual for any manufacturer of controllers to do otherwise since the definitions of the bus messages organize all bus operations according to how they are physically implemented However the exact nomenclature used to describe the Bus Messages may vary from one manufacturer to another It is worthwhile to become familiar with the HP IB section of the controller documentation before attempting to implement any Bus Messages This is especially true if the controller was not manufactured by Hewlett Packard NOTE nae If your controller documentation does not contain a programming statement for a particular Bus Message it may be that the con troller is not capable of implementing the message 3 87 HP ib Uperauon 3 88 Model 358 0A B L 3 11 24 Step Three Integrate the device dependent information found in STEP ONE with the controller dependent information found in STEP TWO The syntax of the con troller statement explains how this should be done 3 11 25 Step Four The operator only needs to translate the twelve Bus Messages into con troller statements once Record the statements that implement each bus message in the worksheet following this paragraph as they are found In the future this table can be used as a quick reference when writing programs The following example will clarify this procedure and illustrate the kinds of problems you may encounter EXAMPLE Step I Step 2
141. nt in the input signal for fine tuning The instrument bandpass should discriminate against any signal whose amplitude is larger than the signal to be counted Avoid the temptation to automatically use a narrow bandwidth The tuning procedure is usually simpler when wider bandwidths are used 3 2 50 Range Use the 100dB Range for tuning the instrument to all but very low oo amplitude signals i e minus 90dBm and above Using the 100dB Range will make search i 3 ing for the input signal easier should it become necessary Very low amplitude signals cause only a slight indication on the analog tuning meter when the 100dB Range is used In these cases the 10dB Range is used to increase meter sensitivity 3 2 51 Full Scale Use AUTOmatic Full Scale While Tuning If a fluctuating input signal level causes the instrument to autorange constantly see Paragraph 3 2 71 Entering a fixed Full Scale level will eliminate the constant autoranging 3 2 52 Entry Frequency The Entry Frequency controls are not functional when the instru ment is in one of the Selective Measurement modes An annunciator in the center of one of the controls remains lit to indicate how the displayed frequency will be interpreted if the in strument is switched to one of the SSB Channel measurement modes 3 2 53 Coarse Tuning 3 2 54 The instrument is coarsely tuned whenever the dominant single frequency compo nent of the input signal is within the instrument bandpass
142. o IVEUUOL JJO D7 NOTE p Do not change the Units selection after entering an offset Offsets Ea are not referenced to any particular impedance or level Because of this the magnitude of an entered offset does not change when the Units are changed 3 2 21 Converting To Volts The displayed absolute amplitude levels are calculated from the measured input voltage The instrument simply assumes that the impedance is 75 ohms Because of this these readings can easily be converted to voltage using the following equa tion Input Volts 075 104 10 A is the displayed amplitude 3 2 22 Probe Power Jack The probe power jack located just below the 75 ohm input is compatible with several hp Active Probes A pin out of the power jack is given in Figure 3 2 2 Two probes recommended for use with this instrument are the hp 15580 and hp 15578A If a probe with an output impedance of 50 ohms is being used enter an offset of 1 58dB to compensate for the mismatch On the 3586C simply select the 50Q input 3 2 23 124 Ohm Input 3586B Only 3 2 24 This balanced input is used whenever the signal source circuitry needs to be ter minated in 124 ohms An input of Imw causes an amplitude reading of 0dBm All of the various connectors used on this input are illustrated and identified in Figure 3 2 3 A brief en description of balanced measurements can be found in Paragraph 3 2 31 NOTE Make no connections to the 135 Ohm Input while using the 124 Ohm In
143. o protect against damage to the instrument Indicates dangerous voltage terminals fed from the interior by voltage exceeding 1000 volts must be so marked Protective conductor terminal For protection against electrical shock in case of a fault Used with field wiring terminals to in dicate the terminal which must be connected to ground before operating equipment Low noise or noiseless clean ground earth terminal Used for a signal common as well as providing protection against electrical shock in case of a fault A terminal marked with this symbol must be connected to ground in the manner described in the installation operating manual and before operating the equipment Frame or chassis terminal A connection to the frame chassis of the equipment which normally includes all exposed metal struc tures l Akernating current power line Direct current power line Alternating or direct current power line The WARNING sign denotes a hazard It calls attention to a pro cedure practice condition or the like which if not correctly per formed or adhered to could result in injury or death to personnel The CAUTION sign denotes a hazard It calls attention to an operating procedure practice condition or the like which if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in damage to or destruction of part or all of the product The NOTE sign denotes important information It calls attention to procedure practic
144. ofilm transparencies of these publica tions The Microfiche package includes the latest Manual Changes supplement and all perti nent Service Notes 1 5 The manual is divided into eight sections each covering a particular topic for the operating and service of the Selective Level Meter The topics by section number are Section Topic General Information II Installation Ill Operation IV Performance Tests V Adjustments VI Replacement Parts VII Backdating o VIII Service T 1 6 This section contains general information about the Model 3586A B C Selective Level Meter This information includes an instrument description specifications option and ac cessory information and instrument and manual identification 1 7 DESCRIPTION 358GA B C 1 8 The 3586A B Selective Level Meter is designed for use in the design manufacture in stallation and maintenance of Frequency Division Multiplex FDM systems and for general purpose wave analysis and frequency synthesis The 3586A is available to meet the needs of C C I T T requirements while the 3586B meets North American Bell Standards The 3586C is a general purpose instrument 1 9 The 3586A B provides the ability to make both carrier frequency measurements to 32 5MHz and voice channel measurements from 50Hz to 100kHz 1 10 The Transmission Impairments Option 003 allows the user to quickly troubleshoot voice channel problems with phase jitter noise with tone signal to noise with tone ratio
145. ogy used in the IF amplifier gain con trol circuitry the IF gain increments are very precise and introduce much less error than is introduced by the non linearity of the Detector Logger in the 100dB Range The 10dB Range and the 100dB Range measurements are contrasted in Figure 3 2 7 Note that signals from 3dB above and 17dB below full scale can be measured using the 100dB Range but not with the usual accuracy of the 10dB Range Table 3 2 2 Relative Advantages Disadvantages Of Range Full Scale Selections Range Full Scale Combination Relative Advantages Relative Disadvantages 10dB AUTO Highest accuracy Under some circumstances Highest 01 resolution Tuning is somewhat easier Automatic selection of Full and faster with other com Scale for best Signal to Noise binations ratio obtainable without Under some circumstances overloading the dynamic range of the instrument can be extended with other combinations 100dB AUTO Facilitates tuning 100dB Range is less accu Rapid tuning to individual rate than the 10dB Range components of input signal 100dB Range has less re Automatic selection of Full solution 1dB than 10dB Scale for best Signal to Noise range ratio obtainable without Under some circumstances overloading the dynamic range of the in strument can be extended with other combinations 1OOdB ENTRY Fast tuning usually useful Operator must determine and only in automated
146. oise under actual operating conditions 3 8 2 The signal to noise ratio of a message channel can be measured easily by using Noise Tone in conjunction with the Tone 1004 3586B or 1010 3586A measurement mode see Chapter Six Measure the level of the tone in the tone 1004 and 1010 measurement mode Transfer this reading to the offset register and turn the Offset ON This establishes the reference level for the signal to noise measurement Switch the instrument to Noise Tone The negative of the displayed reading is the signal to noise ratio 3 8 3 Measurement Mode 3 8 4 The NOISE TONE measurement mode is selected by pressing the shift blue key NOISE TONE control One other control is automatically set when this mode is selected BANDWIDTH Widest sa The bandwidth can be changed if desired However the combination of NOISE TONE and one of the narrower bandwidths produces a trivial operating configuration 3 8 5 Bandwidth The widest bandwidth used on the instrument depends on the instru ment model and options Even though the various wide bandwidths are not operator selec table they should still be understood Each wide bandwidth selection has special characteristics that effect the interpretation of noise measurements 3 8 6 1740Hz 2000Hz The 1740Hz Bandwidth is the noise bandwidth equivalent of a psophometric weighted 3100Hz bandwidth Likewise 2000Hz is the noise bandwidth equivalent of a C Message weighted 3100Hz
147. oller statements will enable the operator to implement every possible HP IB operation A procedure for converting the Bus Messages to controller statements is given in the follow ing paragraphs NOTE If the controller used in your system is an hp 9825A Calculator substitute the HPL Bus Message Implementation Table C 1 in Ap pendix C for the worksheet following Paragraph 3 11 25 The 9825A controller statements that implement each bus message are given in this table If you do make this substitution be sure to study the descriptions of the Bus Messages thoroughly see Index Table 3 11 1 The information in these descriptions is not restricted to that which is required to convert the Bus Messages 3 11 22 Step One Choose one of the Bus Messages for conversion Begin with the System Management Messages since they are usually more easily converted to controller statements than either the Trigger or Data Messages Locate the description of the Bus Message in this manual An index for the Bus Messages is presented in Table 3 11 1 The description of each message contains the following information as applicable The response of the hp 3586A B C to the message The device dependent information required for the controller statement Any prerequisite operations Suggestions for optimizing the use of the message The device dependent information required for the controller statement is always found under the heading Implementatio
148. on to either of the Entry Frequencies As long as the entered frequen cy is correct for the message channel and the Entry Frequency selection the instrument will automatically tune to the fequency or band of frequencies required by the measurement mode Since the purpose of these controls is to facilitate tuning when measuring signals in telecommunications systems they are functional only when one of the SSB CHANNEL i e telecommunications measurement modes is selected An annunciator in one of the controls remains lit while the instrument is in the Selective measurement mode to indicate how the displayed frequency will be interpreted if the instrument is switched to one of the SSB Channel measurement modes 3 4 11 Miscellaneous Control Settings The optimum control settings for tuning the instru ment to Carrier signals are as follows 3 4 12 Coarse Tuning 3 4 13 The instrument is coarsely tuned whenever the carrier leak signal is within the instru ment bandpass In most cases coarse tuning is accomplished by simply entering the Entry Frequency carrier or tone frequency as appropriate An additional step may be required when carriers at high frequencies are measured It may be necessary to search for the input signal or verify that the proper signal is being received even when the frequency of the car rier is precisely known This is because errors in the tuned frequency of the instrument cause the Entry Fequency to fall outside of th
149. ont panel configurations are retained The Clear Message can be a universal instruction for all devices on the bus capable of responding or it can be sent to addressed devices only 3 11 37 Implementation When the Clear Message is a universal instruction the entire pro gram statement that implements it is found in the controller documentation When it is an addressed instruction the syntax and mnemonics of the program statement that implement it are found in the controller documentation Only the instrument listen address which is zero for the hp 3586A B C is taken from the instrument documentation A technical description of the Clear Message implementation is presented in Figure A 10 of Appendix A 3 11 38 Require Service The Require Service Message is a request for service which is sent from a device on the HP IB to the active controller Any of the following conditions in the hp 3586A B C will generate a Require Service Message Received an unrecognizable string Unable to calibrate Local oscillator not locked Tone not present for S N or Phase Jitter Measurements Attempt to enter Full Scale level while in AUTOrange The Require Service Message is completely independent of all other bus activity It is sent on a single line wire called the SRQ Line whose state is either true or false This line is shared by all devices on the HP IB When a Require Service Message is received the controller must determine w
150. or band of frequencies associated with it that have a fixed relation to either of the Entry Frequencies As long as the entered fre quency is correct for the message channel and the Entry Frequency selection the instrument will automatically tune to the frequency or band of frequencies required by the measurement mode Since the purpose of these controls is to facilitate tuning when measuring signals in telecommunications systems they are functional only when one of the SSB CHANNEL i e telecommunications measurement modes is selected An annunciator in one of the controls remains lit while the instrument is in the Selective measurement mode to indicate how the displayed frequency will be interpreted if the instrument is switched to one of the SSB Channel measurement modes 3 9 13 Channel Select the channel in accord with the message channel signal being re ceived N e Configures the instrument to receive a lower sideband signal 4 Configures the instrument to receive an upper sideband signal 3 9 14 Coarse Tuning 3 9 15 The instrument is coarsely tuned whenever the input signal is within the instrument bandpass In the Impulse measurement mode the instrument is coarsely tuned by simply entering the Entry Frequency 3 9 16 Entering The Entry Frequency Use the following procedure to enter either the car rier frequency or the RF test tone frequency in accord with the Entry Frequency mode selec tion STEP 1 Press
151. or the program statement that im plement the Trigger Message are found in the controller documentation Only the instru ment listen address which is zero for the hp 3586A B C must come from the instru ment documentation A technical description of the Trigger Message implementation is pre sent in Figure A 3 in Appendix A 3 11 51 Remote Operation Of The hp 3586A B C 3 11 52 Data Message All of the functions of the hp 3586A B C can be activated remotely by sending Instrument Programming Codes over the HP IB Generally these in strument functions are activated by front panel controls when non HP IB operation is used The Instrument Programming Codes are sent using the Data Message 3 11 53 Implementation Usually there are several controller statements that will imple ment the Data Message Each statement will have some unique advantage Thoroughly research this Bus Message in the controller documentation to be certain you are using the op timum statement for your application The syntax and mnemonics for the controller statements that implement the Data Message are found in the controller documentation The instrument listen address which is zero for the hp 3586A B C and the instrument pro gramming codes must come from the instrument documentation The instrument program ming codes and their format are presented in the paragraphs that follow 3 96 Model 3586A B C 3 11 54 Instrument Programming Codes
152. ositive dB instruction 3 11 57 Volume On Off The volume ON and Volume OFF instructions switch the audio signal on and off When the audio signal is switched on the level is controlled by the front panel volume control even though the instrument is in the Remote mode This instrument function is not controllable from the front panel 3 11 58 Frequency Tune Controls None of the controls in this group can be actuated over the HP IB The Frequency Tune Control is inherently a manual control During Remote operation continuous tuning is achieved by programming the Frequency Step for the desire resolution and using the a and instructions to change the frequency 3 11 59 Display Calibration Constant This instruction causes the calibration constant used by the instrument to correct level readings to be displayed in the Amplitude Entry display This information is usually of interest to calibration and repair technicians There is no front panel control corresponding to this instruction 3 11 60 Fast Calibration When a Fast Calibration is executed the instrument is only calibrated on its current range and in the widest bandwidth This Calibration mode can be used in any of the Selective Measurement Modes It was designed for use during automated surveillance of telecommunications systems In this application the instrument sequentially checks the level of hundreds of individual message channels HP iB Operation 3 97 HP IB Opera
153. p Sales and Service Office and the proper cable will be provided A list of hp Sales and Service Of fices is given at the back of this manual 250 v 250 V OPERATION OPERATION 250 Y OPERATION 250 V OPERATION PLUG SEV 1011 1959 24507 f TYPE 12 XN CABLE HP 8120 2104 PLUG CEE22 V1 CABLE HP 8120 1860 PLUG DHCR 107 CABLE HP 8120 2956 PLUG CEE7 V14 CABLE HP 8120 1692 t25 V 6A 250 Y OPERATION 250 V OPERATION 250 V 6A oR K PLUG NEMA 1 15 PLUG NZSS 198 AS C142 PLUG BS 1363A PLUG NEMA G 15P PLUG NEMA 5 15 CABLE HP 8120 0884 CABLE HP 8420 0696 CABLE HP 8120 1703 CABLE HP 8120 0698 CABLE HP 8120 1521 j The number shown for the plug is the industry identifier for the plug only The number shown for the cable is an HP part number for e complete cable including the plug Ut listed for use in the United States of America Figure 2 1 Power Cables 2 9 GROUNDING REQUIREMENTS STD 8 4495 Rav 2 10 To protect operating personnel the instrument s panel and cabinet must be grounded The Model 3586A B C is equipped with a three wire power cord which when plugged into an appropriate receptacle grounds the instrument The offset pin on the power plug is the ground connection I The power cable plug must be inserted into a socket outlet pro sa vided with a protective earth contact The protection of the AVEVUEL
154. production enter the Full Scale level applications 100dB Range is less accu Dynamic Range of the instru rate than 10dB Range ment can be extended under 100dB Range has less re some circumstances solution 1dB than 10dB Range 10dB ENTRY Fast tuning usually useful Operator must determine and only in automated production enter the Full Scale level applications RARELY RESULTS IN BEST Dynamic range of the instru SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO ment can be extended under FOR MEASUREMENT some circumstances Highest accuracy Highest 01dB resolution HEWN ELY amp 3 35 WVIPVLIVE AVENEL INIA K be OW FROM gt IF 80dB INPUT AMPLIFIER S DET LOG CONVERTER 80dB RANGE AT EITHER POINT 10 TRON 10dB i INPUT XxX AMPLIFIER lt gt a DET LOG CONVERTER 3566 3 2 7 Layee Q TO 7008 Figure 3 2 7 Comparison of 10dB and 100dB Ranges 3 2 71 Full Seale The Full Scale controls select the method of determining and entering the full scale level If AUTOmatic Full Scale is selected the instrument automatically con figures itself for the best signal to noise ratio obtainable without overloading If ENTRY Full Scale is selected the operator determines and enters a fixed full scale level NOTE Explained as though instrument was in Low Distortion 3 2 72 AUTOmatic This is the principal Full Scale operating mode of the instrument As previously stated when it is in this mode the
155. put The two inputs share circuitry on the Input Multi plexer Board that causes them to interact Signals on the 135 Ohm Input will affect the amplitude reading of the 124 Ohm Input Any impedance connected across the 135 Ohm Input will alter the im pedance of the 124 Ohm Input 3 2 25 The absolute maximum signal that can be applied to the 124 Ohm Input is 27dBm AN Levels above this amplitude may damage the input circuitry Absolutely no DC voltage can be applied to this input This is because one side of the input is practically shorted to ground at very low frequencies WECO TYPE 562A WECO TYPE 477B ACCEPTS WECO 443A ACCEPTS 372A AT AT 12 7mm SPACING 16 mm SPACING hp 3586B8 hp 3586B ETN OPTION 001 ae 3586 3 2 3 Figure 3 2 3 Connectors For The 124 Ohm Input 3 26 Model A JD00A B LU DCICCH VE The maximum amplitude AC signal on the 124 Ohm input is 27dBm DO NOT APPLY DC VOLTAGE TO THE 124 OHM INPUT 3 2 26 135 150 Ohm input 3 2 27 This input is either 135 or 150 ohms depending on the model selected It is a balanced input that is used whenever the signal source circuitry needs to be terminated in either 135 or 150 ohms as appropriate An input of Imw causes a level reading of 0dBm All of the various connectors used with this input are illustrated and identified in Figure 3 2 4 A brief description of balanced measurements can be found in Paragraph 3 2 31 450 OHM ONLY 135 OHM ONLY 3Z566A 35
156. r 1Hz press EB and in the Entry Control Group STEP 2 Press in the Frequency Tune control group STEP 3 Tune the Volume down Attach headphones if desired STEP 4 Tune the Volume up to a comfortable level With the exception of the tuning instructions given in subsequent steps turn the Volume control fully counterclockwise when chang ing the instrument configuration Changes such as tuning and range can cause sudden increases in the audio level that could damage hearing This is especially true if the operator is using headphones STEP 5 Adjust the Frequency Tune control for natural sound 3 A STEP 6 Turn the volume control fully counterclockwise The instrument is now precisely tuned to the message channel signal 3 5 21 Instrument Configuration For Noise Demodulation Measurements 3 5 22 Averaging An input signal consisting of noise will naturally cause the displayed amplitude to rack Use Averaging to reduce the range of variations in the measured level Random level variations are evidenced by an erratic level reading in the Measurement Entry display and by ripple in the rear panel meter output signal The variations may be due to noise in the input signal internal instrument noise or low frequency beat notes caused by two or more closely spaced frequencies in the input signal The beat frequency phenomenon would usually not occur with the type of input signals normally measured in the NOISE DEMODulation mode The
157. r 2700 3164 10kQ Ten Turn Potentiometer 2100 3103 5002 Ten Turn Potentiometer 21090 3123 Enclosure Two f BNC grounded Pomona 3230 752 to balanced 1500 matching pad consisting of 100 Resistor 0757 0346 36 50 Resistor 0757 0390 1102 Resistor 0757 0402 82 50 Resistor 0757 0399 102 Ten Turn Potentiometer 2100 3164 i 5002 Tern Turn Potentometer 2100 3123 2 2kQ Ten Turn Potentio 2100 3109 meter Enclosure Two f BNC isolated Pomona 3239 Power Combiner Consisting of 750 3 250 Resistors 0 1 0698 8014 Enclosure Three f BNC grounded Pomona 3232 1240 Balance Testing Appara tus consisting of 2 100 Resistors 1 0757 0346 2 620 Resistors 0 7 0698 6800 Enclosure Three f BNC one m BNC Pomona 2426 grounded 135 Balance Testing Appara tus consisting of 2 100 Resistors 1 0757 0346 2 67 30 Resistors 0 25 0698 8558 Enclosure Three f BNC one m BNC Pomona 2426 grounded 1 10 EYANI i VY RS A S Ow MIWAINI AL LILLIA Table 1 2 Recommended Test Equipment Cont d Critical Specifications Application Recommended hp Model No 6000 Balance Testing Appara tus consisting of 2 109 Resistors 2 3000 Resistors Enclosure 15002 Balance Testing Appara tus consisting of 2 100 Resistors 2 750 Resistors Enclosure 6002 Feedthrough consisting of 6002 Resistor Connector Connector Connector Threaded Sleeve 3 750 BNC Coaxial Cables 2 750 BNC Coaxial Cables
158. rated to read absolute power levels when connected across 50 ohms The maximum input power is 27dBm Up to 42VDC can be ap plied to this input This input is found only ori the hp 3586C version of the instrument see Chapter 2 3 3 8 50 Ohms Terminated 50 ohm input The maximum input power is 27dBm If DC is applied to this input the DC power plus the AC power must not exceed 5 watts This in put is found only on the hp 3586C version of the instrument see Chapter 2 3 3 9 135 Ohms Balanced input terminated in 135 ohms The maximum input power is 27dBm A differential or common mode DC voltage of up to 42 volts can be applied to this input This input appears only on the hp 3586B 3 3 10 150 Ohms Balanced input terminated in 150 ohms The maximum input power is 27dBm This input appears only on the hp 3586A 3 3 11 124 Ohms Balanced input terminated in 124 ohms The maximum input power is 27dBm A differential or common mode DC voltage of up to 42 volts can be applied to this termination Do not connect anything to the 135 ohm input while using this input This input is found only on the hp 3586B Ea 3 3 12 Bridged Bridged and balanced input calibrated to read absolute power levels across et 600 ohms The maximum input power is 27dBm A differential or common mode voltage of up to 42 volts DC can be applied to this termination This input appears only on the hp 3586A and B see Paragraph 3 2 29 3 45
159. rdless of the Measurement mode selection 3 7 12 The Entry Frequency selection does not depend on the measurement mode selection Each measurement mode has a frequency or band of frequencies associated with it that have a fixed relation to either of the Entry Frequencies As long as the entered frequency is cor rect for the message channel and the Entry Frequency selection the instrument will automatically tune to the frequency or band of frequencies required by the measurement mode Since the purpose of these controls is to facilitate tuning when measuring signals in telecommunications systems they are functional only when one of the SSB CHANNEL i e telecommunications measurement modes is selected An annunciator in one of the controls remains lit while the instrument is in the Selective measurement mode to indicate how the displayed frequency will be interpreted if the instrument is switched to one of the SSB Channel measurement modes 2Message channels are usually designated by their position in the FDM hierarchy for example Master Group Number Supergroup Number Group Number and Channel Number Charts are available in the operating telephone offices that give either the Carrier or Tone Frequency for each of the channels Therefore regardless of the exact frequency component of the message channel to be measured it is easiest to tune the instrument using one of these two frequencies The entry Frequency controls allow the operator to use
160. rement CONT 3 4 25 The contents of the offset register can be changed in one dB step using the Incre ment and Decrement keys Press the press EJ or lt as desired 3 4 26 Offset Entry By Transfer 3 4 27 This method of entering offsets is especially valuable when measuring one signal level relative to another Use the following procedure to transfer an amplitude reading to the offset storage register R gt is i STEP I Press The entered offset will appear in the Measurement Entry display EON INMEOOEL SOOOAS B LU INUIDC LADIVINJ EV ULALIULE Hup 220UFY D a CHAPTER FIVE NOISE DEMODulation hp 3586A B 3 5 1 The principal uses of the NOISE DEMODulation measurement mode are 1 measurement of idle message channel noise and 2 to translate message channel signals down to voice frequencies for monitoring or for output through the audio or headphone jacks 3 5 2 Measurement Mode 3 5 3 The NOISE DEMODulation measurement mode is selected by pressing the no shift NOISE DEMOD control One other control is automatically set when this mode is selected BANDWIDTH os ivesesanos o3n55 WIDEST The bandwidth can be changed if desired However the combination of NOISE DEMODulation and one of the narrower bandwidths produce a trivial operating configuration 3 5 4 Bandwidth The widest bandwidth used on the instrument depends on the instru ment model and options Even though the various wide bandwidths
161. rements of signals with the same amplitude Using the Entry mode when making repetitive measurements eliminates the time required for the instrument to autorange This time savings is significant only during automated production testing 3 7 21 If the system under test is lightly loaded the total input power may fluctuate con siderably This in turn may cause the instrument to autorange almost constantly making it difficult to obtain a reading If this occurs turn the Averaging on Among other things the Averaging function dampens the autorange detector thereby reducing the tendency for the input circuitry to autorange on transient conditions If the instrument still autoranges ex cessively switch to the Entry full scale mode and enter a full scale level just above the peak of the fluctuating signal NOTE The dynamic range of the instrument while in the Entry Full Scale mode is approximately 45dB This is considerably less than the ap proximate 75dB dynamic range while in the AUTO Full Scale mode Use caution when using Entry Full Scale The noise perfor mance of the instrument is degraded in this mode If the Jitter must be measured with the instruments specified accuracy measure the signal level in the 1004Hz measurement mode The level must be within 45dB of the entered full scale for the instru ment specifications to apply 3 7 22 Range When the instrument is in the AUTOmatic Full Scale mode the 10dB and 100dB Range performan
162. rials are used repack the instrument in the same manner it was packed when received If other hp materials are used be sure to allow 3 to 4 inches of packing material on all sides of the instrument and seal the container with strong tape or metal bands Also mark the container FRAGILE to insure careful handl ing 2 36 Other Packaging om 2 37 The following general instructions should be used for repackaging with commerically available materials a Wrap the instrument in heavy paper or plastic b Use a strong shipping container A doublewall carton made of 250 pound test material is adequate c Use enough shock absorbing material 3 to 4 inch layer around all sides of the instru ment to provide firm cushion and prevent movement inside the container Protect the con trol panel with cardboard d Seal the shipping container securely e Mark the shipping container FRAGILE to assure careful handling SECTION Ill OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 3 0 1 INTRODUCTION 3 0 2 This section contains complete operating and programming instructions for the Hewlett Packard Model 3586A B C Selective Level Meter 3 0 3 The operating information in this section is divided into eleven chapters Except for Chapters One and Eleven each chapter corresponds to a measurement mode or a group of very similar measurement modes Chapter One contains general operating information that is applicable to every mode The chapters describing indi
163. rpose Impedance 752 Unbalanced 752 Unbalanced 502 Unbalanced 10kQ 50pf 10kQ 50pf 759 Unbalanced Bridged 6000 Bridged 6000 10kQ pf 500 or 750 1502 Balanced 1240 Balanced Bridged 6000 6000 Balanced 1350 Balanced 60002 Balanced 6000 Balanced Connectors 750 10kQ BNC 752 10kQ Accepts Weco 439A 502 752 10kQ BNC 1500 6000 Bridged or 440A rai Accepts Siemens 3 prong 9 Rel 1240 Accepts Weco 443 at 6000 6002 Bridged K 12 7mm 0 5 in Spacings Banana 1350 Accepts Weco 241A 16mm 625 in Spacings 6000 6000 Bridged Accepts Weco 310 Plug Bandwidth 20Hz 20Hz 20Hz 400Hz 400Hz 400Hz 1740Hz 2000Hz 3100Hz Psopho Equiv Noise C Message Equiv Noise Option 001 Siemens Connector Weco Connectors No Option 001 750 10kQ 752 10kQ Accepts Weco 358A Accepts Siemens 1 6 5 6mm 1240 Accepts Weco 372A at 16mm 625 in spacing Option 002 No Option 002 Bandwidth 1740Hz for psopho No Option 002 metric wtd equivalent noise replaces 2000HZ Option 003 impairment Functions inciude Impairment Functions include No Option 003 impulse noise phase jitter impulse noise phase jitter Nojse Tone Also includes Noise Tone Also includes 3100Hz Bandwidth replaces 3100Hz Bandwidth replaces 41740Hz and psophometric 2000Hz and C Message weightin
164. s or 2 as desired 3 3 24 Offset Entry By Transfer This method of entering offsets is especially valuable when measuring one signal level relative to another Use the following procedure to transfer an amplitude reading to the offset storage register STEP Press The entered offset will appear in the Measurement Entry Display 3 47 Carrier NIOdCE SD50A B L CHAPTER FOUR CARRIER 3 4 1 CARRIER is the measurement mode used when measuring the level of carrier leak signals or pilot tones 3 4 2 MEASUREMENT MODE 3 4 3 To select CARRIER press no shift the CARRIER control One other control is automatically set when this mode is selected BANDWIDTH 3c e2 48 pees wew ees 20Hz The Bandwidth can be changed if desired 3 4 4 INPUT TERMINATION J 3 4 5 Select the input TERMINATION in accord with the test point to which the instru ment is being connected The dominant consideration is the impedance In the vast majority of cases a terminated input with a particular impedance is required The maximum input power of all inputs is 27dBm 5 watts For all inputs except the 50 ohm and 75 ohm in puts the maximum DC voltage between any two terminal including ground is 42 volts The total power composite due to AC and DC input to the 50 ohm and 75 ohm terminated in puts must not exceed 5 watts 3 4 6 TUNING THE INSTRUMENT IN THE CARRIER MEASUREMENT MODE NOTE If the instrument was tuned to the des
165. s including ground is 42 volts the total power composite due to AC and DC input to the 50 and 75 ohm terminated inputs must not exceed 5 watts 3 8 10 TUNING THE INSTRUMENT IN THE NOISE TONE MEASUREMENT MODE NOTE If the instrument was tuned to the desired message channel while in another measurement mode it will be properly tuned when NOISE TONE is selected The instrument automatically modifies its tuning according to the measurement mode 3 8 11 The tuning procedure consists of entering the Entry Frequency counting the input signal frequency and transferring the count to the Entry Frequency register The Entry Fre quency register determines the tuned frequency of the instrument 3 8 12 instrument Configuration For Tuning 3 8 13 Entry Frequency Using the Entry Frequency Controls the operator can choose O between entering either the Carrier frequency or the Tone frequency when tuning the instru Sut ment to a message channel 2 When TONE is selected the RF frequency of a 1kHz 3586B or 800Hz 3586A test tone on the message channel is entered and displayed Note that the tone need not be on the channel Similarly the Carrier frequency is entered and displayed when CARRIER is selected The operator can choose whichever mode is most convenient regardless of the Measurement mode selection 3 8 14 The Entry Frequency mode selection does not depend on the measurement mode selection Each measurement mode has a frequency
166. s offset compensates for errors in the output level of the Tracking Generator and for out put level shifts due to unequal source and termination impedances STEP 6 Disconnect the source and termination cables and insert the device to be tested STEP 7 The level displayed is the insertion loss of the device for the conditions of the test configuration 3 80 iVAVUITL JJO Ais w PAL 23 Wpelauvir CHAPTER ELEVEN HP IB OPERATION NOTE It is advisable to lock the hp 3586A B C to the frequency reference of the signal source during HP IB operation see Paragraph 2 27 If this cannot be done see Paragraph 3 11 10 for an explanation of the difficulties that may arise and some alternate solutions 3 11 1 This chapter contains the instrument dependent information required to operate the hp 3586A B C over the HP IB Directions for mechanically interfacing the instrument with the HP IB are given in Section II see Paragraph 2 29 The operator should be familiar with the manual operation of the instrument before attempting to operate it over the HP IB 3 11 2 THE HP IB 3 11 3 The Hewlett Packard Interface Bus HP IB is a means of transferring messages in digital form between two or more HP IB compatible devices An HP IB compatible device is an instrument calculator computer or peripheral device that is designed to be interfaced using the HP IB All data on the HP IB serve one of four purposes They either program in strum
167. st Hewlett Packard Sales and Service Office Addresses are provided at the back of this manual 10 1 79 Nee Kin HEWLETT PACKARD SAFETY SUMMARY The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation service and repair of this instrument Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design manufacture and intended use of the instrument Hewlett Packard Company assumes no liability for the customer s failure to comply with these requirements This is a Safety Class 1 instrument GROUND THE INSTRUMENT To minimize shock hazard the instrument chassis and cabinet must be connected to an elec trical ground The instrument is equipped with a three conductor ac power cable The power cable must either be plugged into an approved three contact electrical outlet or used with a three contact to two contact adapter with the grounding wire green firmly connected to an electrical ground safety ground at the power outlet The power jack and mating plug of the power cable meet International Electrotechnical Commission IEC safety standards DO NOT OPERATE IN AN EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable gases or fumes Operation of any electrical instrument in such an environment constitutes a definite safety hazard KEEP AWAY FROM LIVE CIRCUITS Operating personnel must not remove instrumen
168. st and the number of impulses counted are displayed during Impulse noise measurements The Format for the data display is Measure Entry Frequency Entry AMPLITUDE TIME COUNT 3 9 5 Error Messages The error messages presented below are those most likely to be en counted while measuring Impulse Noise Er 4 1 Impulse counter did not start instrument failure Er 4 2 Impulse counter did not stop instrument failure Er 6 1 Threshold level more than 60dB below full scale Er 1 2 Only the 100dB Range is permitted during Impulse measurements 3 9 6 Input Termination A N 3 9 7 Select the input TERMINATION in accord with the test point to which the instru ment is being connected The dominant consideration is the impedance In the vast majority of cases a terminated input with a particular impedance is required The maximum input fo power of all inputs is 27dBm 5 watts For all inputs except the 50 ohm and 75 ohm in Vi puts the maximum DC voltage between any two terminals including ground is 42 volts l According to Bell Publication 41009 May 1975 Impulse noise consists of all noise spikes 12dB or higher above the rms noise level 3 75 Impulse Model 3586A B C The total power composite due to AC and DC input to the 50 ohm and 75 ohm terminated cn inputs must notexceed 5 watts oa 3 9 8 TUNING THE INSTRUMENT FOR IMPULSE MEASUREMENTS NOTE If the instrument was tuned to the desired message channe
169. t covers Component replacement and internal adjustments must be made by qualified maintenance personnel Do not replace components with power cable connected Under certain conditions dangerous voltages may exist even with the power cable removed To avoid injuries always disconnect power and discharge circuits before touching them DO NOT SERVICE GR ADJUST ALONE Do not attempt internal service or adjustment unless another person capable of rendering first aid and resuscitation is present DO NOT SUBSTITUTE PARTS OR MODIFY INSTRUMENT Because of the danger of introducing additional hazards do not install substitute parts or per form any unauthorized modification to the instrument Return the instrument to a Hewlett Packard Sales and Service Office for service and repair to ensure that safety features are main tained DANGEROUS PROCEDURE WARNINGS Warnings such as the example below precede potentially dangerous procedures throughout this manual instructions contained in the warnings must be followed Dangerous volteges capable of causing death are present In thie Instrument Use ex treme caution when handling testing and adjusting SAFETY SYMBOLS General Definitions of Safety Symbols Used On Equipment or In Manuals gt He ik ke V7 rare ue NOTE Instruction manual symbol the product will be marked with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instruction manual in order t
170. t obscure When the input signal consists of two or E gt more constant amplitude signals with nearly the same frequency a beat note is created that i appears as a level variation to the Detector Logger in the instrument As expected another 3 42 Pe wo r em oee e aS A performance parameter must be traded off to obtain the reduced racking provided by eos AVEraging Measurements occur at approximately one to two second intervals when vane AVEraging is on five times slower than the measurement speed during normal operation Five measurements are averaged then displayed The criteria for selecting the AVEraging measurement mode is simple Select AVEraging whenever the racking of the Measurement Entry display does not permit the desired measurement accuracy and or resolution Frequency Folerance Hz 4 a i za 3 A 6 3 9 3 6 A 2 0 ORE 1 0 0 0 1 3 3 0 4 2 300 400 600 800 1000 2000 3000 400 6000 5 5 FREQUE NCY Hz 3500 8 5 4000 15 0 5000 36 0 Frequency Hz 7 5 g 2 7 1 5 a 0 6 REF i 0 2 0 5 1 0 1 3 1 3 4x4 600 800100 2000 3000 4600 5000 1 9 FREQUENCY Hz 2 5 5 2 7 6 14 5 21 5 28 5 Figure 3 2 14 Weighting Curves Used For WTD 3100Hz Bandwidth Selection 3 2 95 Averaging And Noise An instrument can never measure just the signal It always measures the input signal plus the internal noise of the instrument As a result the average a level r
171. the center of the instrument s bandpass The output level and output impedance are nominally Od8m and 50 ohms respectively TOMHz Output Used to lock other instruments to the frequency reference of the hp 3586A The output level and output impedance are nominally 8dBm and 50o0hms respectively BNC to BNC Adapter Used to couple the 1OMHz Oven output to the EXTernal REFerence Input 1OMHiz N Part Number 1250 1499 Figure 3 1 8 3586 Rear Panel 3 19 3 20 w7 AVERILL JJO L W CHAPTER TWO SELECTIVE 3 2 1 The Selective Measurement modes are LOW DISTORTION and LOW NOISE They are normally used when measuring non telecommunications signals With either selection the instrument measures the power level of the signal in a narrow band of frequencies selected using the bandwidth and tuning controls 3 2 2 Measurement Mode NOTE When in doubt use LOW DISTortion 3 2 3 Low Distortion This is the basic selective level measurement mode of the instru ment It provides the best overall performance Spurious signals on the local oscillator ther mal noise and intermodulation distortion are all 80dB or more below Maximum Input Power in this mode Use LOW DISTortion unless you need the special advantage of the LOW NOISE measurement mode Note that the instrument turns on in this mode 3 2 4 Selecting Low Distortion Press no shift LOW DISTortion 3 2 5 Low Noise The Low Noise Measurement Mode is most easily
172. the data string sent by the hp 3586A B C to output this group of measurements is O N S DDD DDD CR LF spaces added for clarity U When the counter is on the frequency is also sent In this case the format is O N S DDD DDD FDDDDDDDD D CR LF spaces added for clarity PETA U 3 103 rir iDb Vperauon IWLOQCL 3300A G U 3 11 74 Impulse The signal level time expired and number of counts are all sent when Im pulse Noise measurement data is transferred from the hp 3586A B C The format of the resulting data string is O N S DDD DDD TDD DD CDDD CR LF spaces added for clarity U 3 11 75 Wideband The format of the data string sent by the instrument to output a wide band measurement is O N S DDD DDD CR LF spaces added for clarity U 3 11 76 Interrogate The value of any Entry parameter can be output over the HP IB This is useful whenever a routine in the program does a search that involves an entry parameter For example consider a routine that finds the threshold level that permits ten impulse counts per minute The threshold is varied using the functions until the desired level is found Once the desired level is found the threshold is read using the inter rogate instruction Normally the hp 3586A B C will output measurement data when it is addressed to talk If Entry parameters are to be output the instrument must be instructed to send the value of the selected parameter in place of the measurement
173. tion 3 1 14 Automatic calibration compensates for minor frequency and amplitude offsets that are normally present in the instrument s analog section This eliminates the need for external calibration adjustments Auto Cal can be turned off and on using the AUTO CAL OFF ON control When Auto Cal is off the last calibration constants stored are used to correct the measured level Auto Cal should be left on in almost all applications Turn it off only when the sole purpose of the instrument is to demodulate the signal for monitoring listening or for further testing with other instruments Disabling Auto Cal eliminates the interruptions caused by periodic calibrations 3 1 15 Here is a potpourri of questions often asked about Auto Cal e Question When does an automatic calibration take place 3 16 i i Sa k IYEM EI JAUDA LI Wr Answer Question Answer Question Answer Question Answer Question Answer Question Answer Question Answer Question Answer SORA A WER ON pe wa RE KARA NE EE During the turn on sequence If Auto Cal is on when the frequency is changed more than 1MHz If Auto Cal is on and the instrument is in local approximately every three minutes When Auto Cal is turned on If Auto Cal is on and Wideband is chosen How is a calibration indicated CAL appears in the Measurement Entry display What happens if the instrument cannot calibrate
174. tion Model S380A B C Table 3 11 4 Instrument Programming Codes ASCII Binary Octal Decimal Hexadecimal Characters Code Code Cade Code MEASUREMENT Wideband Selective LOw DiSTortion LOw NOISE 3586C see M2 SSB Channei NOISE DEMODulation Low Noise 3586C only 1010Hz TONE 1004Hz CARRIER TONE 800Hz 2600Hz JITTER NOISE TONE IMPULSE Impulse START MEASUREMENT ENTRY Range 10dB 1 00dB Full Scale AUTOmatic ENTRY AVErage Off AVErage On UNIT dBm dBpw dBv 1V 3586C 3 98 V OF OF NZ oz FPS WE NE b S amp P NTN em 01010111 01000010 01001101 00110001 01001101 00110110 01001101 00110010 01007101 00110011 01001101 00110100 01001101 00110101 01001101 00110111 01001101 00111000 071001101 00111004 01010011 01001001 01070010 00110001 01010010 00110010 01000710 00110001 01000110 00110010 01000001 00110000 01000001 00110001 01010101 00110001 01010101 IVLOGEL SIG0A B L Table 3 11 4 Instrument Programming Codes Cont d Binary Octal Decimal Hexadecimal Code Code _ Code _ Code Instruction dB 775V OFFSET Off OFFSET On TERMINATION 10ki 50pH750 10kli50pf750 750 10k j50p 509 1 0k 50pH7 50 Bridged 6009 Bridged 6002 Bridged 600N 6000 6002 FREQUENCY ENTRY Entry Frequency SSB CARRIER SSB TONE Channel LSB USB COUNTER Off COUNTER On ENTRY FREQuency
175. tion distortion specification given for the low noise measurement mode is a worst case figure For certain types of input signals the intermodulation distortion is typically well below this level The input signals for which this is true have two characteristics a The power of the input signal is sufficiently dispersed throughout a bandwidth much wider than that of the instrument the largest single frequency component of the input signal is more than 5dB below the Maximum Input Power b The frequencies of the significant individual components of the input signal are ran domly related White noise is one example of this kind of signal Another example is a telecommunications signal consisting of several hundred channels The operator is required to know quite a lot about the input signal when the characteristics described in a and b are used as criteria for selecting the LOW NOISE measurement mode In many applications the composition of the input signal is unknown When this is the case use the LOW DISTORTION measure ment mode or assume that the signal is not dispersed and treat it accordingly Paragraph 3 2 9 The criteria for selecting LOW NOISE is simple when measuring telecommunications ae signals LOW NOISE should be used whenever a telecommunications input signal consists of 60 or more message channels In most telecommunications systems the Super Group is the lowest level signal in the Frequency Domain Multiplexing hierarc
176. tive to another Use the following procedure to transfer an amplitude reading to the offset storage register RONG STEP 1 Press The entered offset will appear in the Measurement Entry display 3 64 AVE SYUOUUSR LI WwW CHAPTER SEVEN JITTER 3 7 1 The Phase Jitter measurement mode is used to measure the incidental phase modula tion of signals in telecommunications systems Signals typically measured are pilots car riers and 1kHz tones on message channels The amplitude of the phase jitter is presented in the Measurement Entry display in units of peak to peak degrees In addition the detected phase jitter signal is available for further analysis from the Jitter output on the rear panel 3 7 2 Measurement Mode 3 7 3 The Phase Jitter measurement mode is selected by pressing the shift blue key Jit ter control One other control is automatically set when this mode is selected BANDWIDTH Widest The Bandwidth can be changed if desired However the combination of the Jitter Measurement Mode and one of the narrower bandwidths produces a trivial operating condi tion 3 7 4 Jitter Output The demodulated phase jitter signal is output through a BNC con nector located on the rear panel The sensitivity of this output is 166 mv degree of phase jit ter and the output impedance is 10k ohms By analyzing this signal using an oscilloscope or a spectrum analyzer the operator can often determi
177. uency above and below the es Entry Frequency about 200Hz each way Be sure that the signal to which the ae instrument is finally tuned has the proper relationship to other signals in the instrument bandpass 3 50 Model 3586A B C Carrier wes STEP 3 Adjust the tuning for a peak response on the analog meter n 3 4 17 Fine Tuning 3 4 18 The procedure given below is the most convenient method of fine tuning to Carrier signals STEP 1 Turn the Counter on The counted frequency of the carrier will appear in the Fre quency Entry display CNTR gt STEP 2 Press freo Counter to Frequency This causes the counter reading to modify the contents of the Entry Frequency register The new Entry Frequency will be displayed for a few seconds and the display reverts back to the counted frequency The Entry Frequency will be dif ferent from the counted frequency if the SSB TONE Entry Frequency mode is used 3 4 19 INSTRUMENT CONFIGURATION FOR CARRIER MEASUREMENTS 3 4 20 The control settings given below are those typically chosen for Carrier Level Measurements Other selections can be made if the operator desires comprehensive infor mation on each control is given in the paragraph referenced RANGE setae oe 3 2 68 10dB oN FULL SCALE 3 2 71 sev esas AUTO Nat AVERAGE 3 2 93 0 OFF CALIBRATION 3 1 17 a eaaa ON 3 4 21 OFFSETS NOTE The Offset feature is typically used for making amplitude
178. uired when the instrument is being tuned to high frequency RF signals With high frequency signals it may be necessary to search for the RF signal even when its frequency is precisely known This is because errors in the tuned fre quency of the instrument cause the Entry Frequency to fall outside of the instrument band pass 3 6 19 Entering The Entry Frequency Use the following procedure to enter either the car rier frequency of the RF test tone frequency in accord with the Entry Frequency mode selec tion STEP 1 Press STEP 2 Enter the significant digits and decimal as required Hz kH2 STEP 3 Press or 3 6 20 Searching For The Message Channel Test Tone Errors in the frequency reference of the instrument might cause its actual tuned frequency to fall completely above or com pletely below the RF frequency of the tone in the channel Use the brief procedure given below to quickly locate the signal AUTO K STEP 1 Press in the Frequency Tune Control group This will activate the Frequency Tune Control STEP 2 Using the Frequency Tune Control vary the tuned frequency of the instrument until a peak is obtained on the analog tuning meter 3 6 21 Fine Tuning 3 6 22 The procedure given below is usually the most convenient method of fine tuning the instrument to a tone on a message channel COUNTER STEP i Turn the o on The counted RF frequency of the tone on the message channel will appear in the Measurem
179. urement Entry display A Se 3 59 ione IVAUUTL JJOLUHA D w CHAPTER SIX 1010Hz TONE 800Hz 3586A TONE 1004Hz 2600Hz 35868 3 6 1 These measurement modes are grouped together in a single chapter because they are implemented using practically the same procedure 3 6 2 TONE 1004Hz is used to measure the level of 1004Hz signals on message channels 1004Hz is the standard tone frequency in the Bell System 3 6 3 2600Hz is used to measure the level of 2600Hz inband signaling tones The presence of a 2600Hz tone on a channel indicates that it is idle 3 6 4 1010Hz is used to measure the level of 1010Hz tones on message channels 3 6 5 TONE 800Hz is used to measure the frequency of 800Hz signals on message chan nels 800Hz is the standard tone frequency in the CCITT system 3 6 6 The SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO of a message channel can be measured easily by using either 1004 TONE or 1010 in conjunction with the Noise Tone measurement mode see Chapter Eight Measure the level of the tone in either 1004 TONE or 1010 measure ment mode Transfer this reading to the offset register and turn the Offset ON This establishes the reference level for the signal to noise measurement Switch the instrument to Noise Tone The negative of the displayed reading is the Signal to Noise Ration 3 6 7 MEASUREMENT MODE 3 6 8 The individual measurement modes are selected by pressing the corresponding key with the shift function blue key of
180. ut does not generate a Require Service Message 3 11 43 Implementation The syntax and mnemonics for the controller statements that im plement a Serial Poll are found in the controller documentation The structure of the Serial Poll routine is developed by the programmer in accord with the total system Only the listen addresses of the devices to be polled and the definitions of the lists in the Status Byte are taken from the instrument documentation The listen address of the hp 3586A B C is zero A technical description of the Status Byte Message implementation is presented in Figure A 9 of Appendix A 3 11 44 Status Bit The Status Bit message is sent from a device on the bus to the active controller It communicates the status of the device to the active controller Since it is a single bit message it can only report the truth state of one predefined statement The predefined statement may describe a single instrument function or the entire instrument Status Bit messages are sent in response to a Parallel Poll The advantage of Parallel Polling is that up to eight instruments can be checked at one time In other words eight Status Bit messages can be received by the controller at one time The hp 3586A B C does not res pond to a parallel poll See either the controller documentation or the documentation of an instrument that does respond to a parallel poll for more information on the Status Bit message 3 94 LUMKI JVOULY D TU 11i
181. ut voltage The instrument simply assumes that the impedance is 75 ohms Because of this these readings can easily be converted to voltage The equation for convert ing from dBm to volts is Input Volts 075 104 19 3 2 41 Meter Output 3 2 42 A DC voltage proportional to the input signal level is available from the METER ey output on the rear panel Zero volts are output when the signal amplitude equals the full ee scale level The sensitivity is 100mv dB on the 10dB range and 10mv dB on the 100dB Range 3 2 43 TUNING THE INSTRUMENT IN THE SELECTIVE MEASUREMENT MODES 3 2 44 When followed sequentially the information presented in this subsection is a pro cedure for tuning the hp 3586A B C to any signal it is capable of measuring in the Selec tive Measurement Modes 3 2 45 The hp 3586A B C can be fine tuned only to input signals that consist of voice traffic or that contain a single frequency dominant amplitude component Input signals consisting of voice traffic are fine tuned simple by adjusting for natural sound All other in put signals must contain a single frequency dominant amplitude at the center frequency of the signal to be measured because of the technique used to fine tune the instrument Fine Tuning begins once the input signal is within the instrument s bandpass coarsely tuned The operator activates the Counter and measures the frequency of the input signal By press ing the Counter to Frequency control t
182. veraging On Level Measurements 3 2 97 Averaging And Closely Spaced Input Signals There is an inherent problem when measuring the true RMS level of a composite waveform consisting of two or more constant amplitude signalis with closely spaced frequencies The instantaneous voltage of such a waveform varies at a frequency equal to the difference frequency of the originating signals When the difference frequency is low enough the true RMS detector follows the composite waveshape This causes the Measurement Entry display to fluctt te in a pseudo random fashion and creates errors in the measured level When AVEraging is on the racking of the display and the measurement errors are reduced by extending the frequency response of the detector A maximum of 0 5dB of error will be displayed when the two frequencies are Pan Qe MOGE SIBS0A B L selective greater than L00Hz apart with the AVE off With the AVE on a maximum of 0 5dB of error will be displayed when the two frequencies are greater than 10Hz apart The amount of rack a ing and the measurement error both vary as a function of the difference frequency relative amplitude of the originating signals and the number of signals contributing to the problem Fortunately the magnitude of the measurement error is well below the apparent racking of the display Because of this objectionable display racking is sufficient criteria for selecting the AVEraging mode 3 2 98 Offsets 3 2 99
183. verdrive the input on the 10dB Range is the manner in which the full scale is determined A particular full scale level may be dictated by the input overload detector or the IF overload detector Over driving the input is possible only when the input overload detector is determining the full scale When it is determined by the IF overload detector overdriving the input only causes the letters OL overload to appear in the Measurement Entry display When this hap pens a better measurement could be made in 10dB AUTO 3 2 82 Use the following procedure to optimize the instrument s signal to noise ratio by overdriving the input STEP 1 Select the LOW DISTortion Measurement mode oF STEP 2 Select AUTOmatic Full Scale and the desired Range The full scale level selected by the instrument will be used as a starting point delective MLOdEL SIS0A B L STEP 3 Switch to ENTRY Full Scale Display the full scale level Press FULL SCALE Is the full scale level greater than 35dB for the 100dB Range or between 50 and 105dB for the 10dB Range If the full scale level is outside this range then overdriving the input is not possible STEP 4 Reduce the Full Scale level 5dB The level reading in the Measurement Entry display should drop slightly STEP 5 Continue reducing the full scale level as long as the level reading continues to drop The OVLD annunciator will begin flashing after the first or second full
184. vidual measurement modes are practically mini manuals By following the information in these chapters sequentially the instrument can be configured to measure any signal it is capable of measuring Chapter Two describes the Selective Measurement modes The Selective Measurement modes are used in general purpose selective measurements All variations of selective measurements possible with this instrument are described exhaustively in this chapter The other chapters describing individual measurement modes present the information needed for typical measurements in a particular mode Most of these are telecommunications measurement modes and so the signal being measured is well understood Variations from typical measurements are obtained through cross references to Chapter Two Chapter Eleven describes how to operate the instrument over the HP IB It is assumed in this chapter that the operator is familiar with front panel operation of the instrument 3 0 4 Contents Chapter General Operating Information Selective Wideband Carrier Noise Demod 1010Hz Tone 800Hz Tone 1004Hz 2600Hz Jitter Noise Tone Impulse Network Analysis HP IB AM e U N e m OO B o s dh eek 3 0 5 Using This Section Most operators use an operating manual only as a reference Few if any read it sequentially from cover to cover With this thought in mind this operating section was designed so that specific information could be
185. whether the device is to talk or listen The factory preset talk and listen addresses for the hp 3586A B C are Talk P Listen zero BUS STRUCTURE TO OTHER DEVICES TALKS LISTENS pa AND CONTROLS DATA INPUT OUTPUT 8 signal fines DEVICE B TALKS AND LISTENS HANDSHAKE Data Transfer 3 signal lines DEVICE C LISTENS ONLY BUS e g signal generator 74 ii EJ MANAGEMENT H jannaa a i E signaf lines DEVICE D r TALKS ONLY e g tape reader NRFED NGAC Fe ATN SRO REN EQ The Hewlett Packard Interface Bus HP IB consists of sixteen active signal lines that are used to interconnect up to fifteen devices e g instruments The sixteen signal lines are categorized according to function The categories are DATA HANDSHAKE and GENERAL INTERFACE MANAGEMENT lines The structure of the HP iB is ilustrated above DATA LINES Eight DATA lines are used to carry instrument addresses instrument control instructions measurement results and instrument status information in bit parallel byte serial form Ordinarily a seven bit ASCII code represents each byte of DATA The eighth bit is available for parity checking Data is sent over the DATA lines in both directions HANDSHAKE DAV NRFD NDAC Data is transferred between devices using an interlocked handshake technique This method causes the data to be moved at a rate determined by the slowest device involv
186. will be necessary to include the effects of the 10k ohm input im pedante when selecting the terminating resistor LEVEL LEVEL 00 09 dBmG SOURCE IMPEDANCE EQUALS 50 OHMS DEVICE UNDER TEST de BRIDGED sog TRACKI De a 75 OHM TERMINATION GENERATOR INPUT JUTPUTF 500 560 r TERMINATION IMPEDANCE MODIFICATION INSERTION LOSS EQUALS 63 1dB 3586 3 1b 1 Figure 3 10 1 Typical insertion Loss Measurement 3 79 2YSUUEL JAOTIS 127 WN SUNS TT Ne ae 4 BARU YE 3 10 4 MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE 3 10 5 Use the following procedure to precisely measure the insertion loss of a device Ac curacy nominally equal to 25dB STEP I Modify the impedance of the Tracking Generator STEP 2 Select the terminated 75 ohm input or select the Bridged 75 ohm input and ter minate the device as desired STEP 3 Connect all cables so that the only apparent remaining step is to connect the device under test STEP 4 Configure the instrument as follows Enter the frequency of the insertion loss measurement AUTO Press Full Scale 10dB Press Range 20Hz Press Bandwidth e A Any units can be selected dBm is assumed in this presentation STEP 5 Connect the source and termination cables together and read the level Transfer the reading into offset storage Press Turn the Offset OFF ON control ON MEAS Press The Measurement Entry Display should now read 0dBm 0 CONT Thi

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