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Avaya Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers User's Manual

1. Startup Options A router obtains the software image and configuration files that you want it to use during startup Startup options allow AN ANH and ARN routers to retrieve startup files either over the network or from the file system stored in local flash memory Obtaining startup files from the router file system is called local booting Obtaining one or more startup files over the network is called network booting or netbooting You use one of four boot options to complete a startup procedure Table 1 2 summarizes these startup options The Boot Process on page 1 5 describes how local and network booting works For initial startup AN ANH and ARN routers are configured for a default option but you can change the default see Preparing for the Initial Startup on page 1 13 To select the startup option for routine operation see Selecting the Routine Startup Option on page 1 16 To review the steps for configuring and completing a startup option see Steps for Completing Startup Options page 1 18 308614 14 20 Rev 00 1 3 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Table 1 2 Summary of Startup Options for AN ANH and ARN Routers Boot Image File Configuration Option Source File Source Description Requirements EZ Install Local Network The default option for initial e Serial connection PCMCIA _ serialinterface startup The router b
2. 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Global Information Worksheet continued Prompt Options Your Response Enter FTP volume The script automatically selects 1 as the FTP number 1 default volume Do you want to enable TI TELNET y n n Do you wish to save this configuration to a file y n y y es n o Enabling Telnet is optional y es n o Press the Return key Enter filename startup cfg Nortel Networks recommends using the default file name startup cfg Press the Return key ARN only Do you wish to set up another port module y n y y es n o Type n and press the Return key Router Protocol Worksheets This section contains the following worksheets with the prompts and options for routing protocol choices on the Global Information worksheet e RIP Worksheet page C 6 e OSPF Worksheet page C 7 e Static Route to Site Manager Worksheet page C 9 RIP Worksheet Prompt Options Your Response Should RIP listen to the y es default route y n n n o Note RIP listens to the static route a specific network or subnet route to the Site Manager location Answering y es to this prompt forces RIP to also listen to the default route 0 0 0 0 This is useful when the RIP updates that the router receives do not include the static route C 6 308614 14 20 R
3. r lt speed gt Specifies the speed of the token ring interface Specify either 16 or 4 Mb s The default is 16 Mb s lt interface gt Specifies the IP connector you are configuring Use the format mau lt port_no gt lt P_address gt Specifies the IP address of the interface you set with lt interface gt Provide this address in dotted decimal notation lt subnet_mask gt Specifies the IP subnet mask of the interface you set with lt interface gt Provide this address in dotted decimal notation lt next_hop_ Specifies the IP address of the next hop router Provide this address in address gt dotted decimal notation Specify this address only if there are intermediate routers between the ARN and the BootP server 4 8 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Netboot Client Services Enabling and Disabling Interfaces with the ifconfig Command To enable or disable an AN ANH or ARN router interface for network booting enter the appropriate command at the Technician Interface or AN Monitor prompt ifconfig disable lt interface gt ifconfig enable lt interface gt The lt interface gt variable specifies the IP connector you are enabling or disabling for network booting Use one of the following formats xevr lt port_no gt com lt port_no gt mau lt port_no gt Examples of Using the ifconfig Command 1 Configure the current interface for the default Netboot procedure ifconfig d Speci
4. For example to set up symbolic links in the ftpboot directory a Enter the following command to move to the ftpboot directory cd tftpboot Note Do not insert a slash in the cd tftpboot command A symbolic link cannot contain references to directories above the directory specified in the tftpd command line b Enter the following commands to create symbolic links In s usr In s tftpboot 2 10 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Setting Up a UNIX Boot Server Adding a TFTP User for an HP 9000 Workstation Follow the instructions in this section only if you are running Site Manager on an HP 9000 workstation To add a TFTP user for the HP 9000 insert the following line in your etc passwd file Nortel Networks recommends that you use root as the TFTP home directory tftp lt user_id gt lt group_no gt bin false For example tftp 510 20 bin false Note Nortel Networks recommends that you not use the System Administration Manager SAM utility to add a TFTP user Setting Up Static Routes to Next Hop Routers If your workstation requires static routes read this section to learn how to specify a path to the network by e Editing the etc inetd conf file e Verifying the routes e Loading the changes into memory You must set up a static route for each path between the AN ANH or ARN router and the BootP server s next hop router Note You may want to specify a static route in a multiho
5. Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Site Manager Parameters Boot Server Address Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt Net Boot gt Global None A valid IP address of a TFTP server When the Boot Image From Network parameter and or the Boot Config From Network parameter are set to Enable this parameter specifies the TFTP server from which the router will obtain the boot image and configuration files Use this parameter only when configuring Directed Netboot Specify the valid IP address of the TFTP server in dotted decimal notation 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 10 1 3 Boot Image Pathname Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt Net Boot gt Global None A valid path name for the boot image file When the parameter Boot Image From Network is set to Enable this parameter specifies the full path name of the boot image file on the TFTP server Use this parameter only when configuring Directed Netboot Make sure that the file you specify is the valid boot image file on the TFTP server 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 10 1 4 Boot Config Pathname Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt Net Boot gt Global None A valid path name for the configuration file When the parameter Boot Config From Network is set to Enable this parameter specifies the full path name of the boot configuration file on the TFTP server Use this parameter only whe
6. The following sample response shows the default settings for an AN ANH with one Ethernet interface and two synchronous interfaces Boot Options boot image local boot config network Netboot Parameters XCVR1 None COM1 EZ Install COM2 EZ Install The following sample response shows the settings for an ARN with one Ethernet interface one token ring interface and five synchronous interfaces Boot Options boot image local boot config network Netboot Parameters MAU1 None XCVR2 None COM1 EZ Install COM2 EZ Install COM3 EZ Install COM4 EZ Install COM5 EZ Install The possible settings for boot image and boot config are network and local If the setting is network the AN ANH or ARN router requests the kernel file or configuration file from a BootP server when booting If the setting is local the router uses the kernel file or configuration file stored in flash memory The xcvr parameter shows the current setting of the Ethernet connectors The com parameters show the current settings of the synchronous connectors The mau parameter shows the setting of the token ring connectors ARN only 308614 14 20 Rev 00 B 11 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers The possible settings for synchronous connectors are as follows e EZ Install the default setting e The IP address next hop IP address subnet mask and WAN protocol Nortel Networks Standard PPP or Frame Relay The
7. To perform the Quick Start procedure 1 Make sure that you have the completed worksheets with you 2 Start the router 3 At the Technician Interface prompt enter Manager to log in Note Manager is case sensitive use an uppercase M The Technician Interface mounts the local file system and displays the command line prompt 4 To ensure that the router is using the configuration file config on the local flash memory card issue the getcfg command Look for the following line in the getefg command display boot config local 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers If the line appears in the command display proceed to step 5 otherwise do the following a Enter bconfig config local For information about the bconfig command see Setting the Boot Configuration in Chapter 4 b Restart the router by entering boot The Technician Interface login prompt appears c Enter Manager to log in The Technician Interface command line prompt appears 5 Enter dir to check the contents of the flash memory card The software image file an exe or arn exe configuration file config and Quick Start script file install bat or inst_arn bat should appear among the files listed 6 Enter one of the following commands to start the Quick Start script e For the AN ANH run install bat e For the ARN run inst_arn bat 7 Follow the script online See the list
8. lt P_address gt Specifies the IP address of the interface you set with lt interface gt Provide this address in dotted decimal notation lt subnet_mask gt Specifies the IP subnet mask of the interface you set with lt interface gt Provide this address in dotted decimal notation lt next_hop_ address gt Specifies the IP address of the next hop router Provide this address in dotted decimal notation Specify this address only if there are intermediate routers between the AN ANH or ARN router and the BootP server 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Configuring an ARN Token Ring Interface for Network Booting To configure an ARN token ring interface for network booting enter the following command at the Technician Interface or AN Monitor prompt Note The token ring interface must be configured with IP to support netboot options ifconfig d r lt speea gt lt interface gt lt P_address gt lt subnet_mask gt lt next_hop_address gt Table 4 4 describes the ifconfig command options for configuring the ARN s token ring interface Table 4 4 ifconfig Command Options for an ARN Token Ring Interface Option Description d Resets the ARN s IP interface options to the default values Resetting a token ring interface makes it inactive in the network booting process The output of the getcfg command shows the default as None
9. the host subnet sm 255 255 255 0 mask of the router T129 Required Path name of the router T129 usr cfg configuration file The maximum an_Bost cfg length is 49 characters T130 Required Size of the router configuration file T130 0x0004 in 512 byte blocks This tag determines how much memory the router allocates for the file Set this tag to 0x0004 continued 308614 14 20 Rev 00 2 5 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Table 2 1 BootPD Tags for a Router Host Name continued Required or Tag Optional Value Example tc Optional Table continuation a pointer to tc general another location in the same file for additional information This tag points to information that is common to all routers that use BootPD If the information contradicts information in a specific host name definition BootPD uses the information in that definition Table 2 2 BootPD Tags for a Kernel File Name Required Tag or Optional Value Example hd Required Home directory the directory on hd HOME builder_dir the workstation containing the rel120 an kernel files By default the Image Builder writes its files to the directory specified in the example The rel lt number gt directory contains the current BayRS release If you change the default or move the files to another directory specify that directory bf Required Boot file the name of the kerne
10. OSPF Worksheet continued Prompt Options Your Response Enter decimal value in seconds for Hello Interval 10 The script suggests the following intervals Broadcast 10 seconds Point to Point 15 seconds NBMA 20 seconds Point to Multipoint 10 seconds Note This value must match all other interfaces in the OSPF area for the connection to occur Enter decimal value in seconds for Router Dead Interval 40 The script suggests the following intervals Broadcast 40 seconds Point to Point 60 seconds NBMA 80 seconds Point to Multipoint STD 40 seconds Note This value must match all other interfaces in the OSPF area for the connection to occur Enter decimal value for Router Priority 1 For Broadcast NBMA or Point to Multipoint Enter a router priority value The lower the value above zero the higher the priority Note If you set the router priority to zero 0 the router is not eligible to become the designated router on this network Enter decimal value in seconds for Poll Interval 20 For NBMA only Enter the maximum number of seconds between the Hello packets that the router sends to an inactive NBMA neighbor The script suggests a 20 second interval Enter IP address of neighbor in dotted decimal notation or enter q to quit For NBMA only Enter addresses for all NBMA neighbors you want the router to communicate with When
11. The BOOTP Relay Agent Forwarding Table window opens 6 Click on Add The BOOTP Addresses window opens 7 Set the following parameters e Input IP Address e Output IP Address Click on Help or refer to the parameter descriptions beginning on page A 7 8 Click on OK The BOOTP Relay Agent Forwarding Table window lists the connector and input IP address on the left and the connector and output IP address on the right If you specify an IP address of an interface that is not configured appears instead of the connector for example 192 32 23 3 If you configure the IP address Site Manager displays the appropriate connector 9 Click on Done You return to the BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window Click on Help or see Configuring SNMP BootP and DHCP Services for a description of the parameters in the BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window Make sure that the Timeout Secs parameter is set to the default 0 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Creating the BootP Client Interface Table The upstream router is the booting router s next hop router By default the booting router s synchronous interfaces automatically try to obtain IP addresses from the upstream router This is the EZ Install process If the AN ANH or ARN router using EZ Install obtains its address from the upstream router and the upstream router s interfac
12. lt image name gt Note Instead of enabling the Boot Image From Network parameter you can use the Router Files Manager tool to transfer an upgraded image file to the router To do this delete the old image file compact the file system and copy the upgraded image file to the router To verify that the file transfer was successful use the Router Files Manager to confirm that the new image file on the router is the same size as that on the Site Manager workstation For more information about the Router Files Manager see Configuring and Managing Routers with Site Manager You can also use Technician Interface commands to configure network booting as described in Chapter 4 Note Before the router can obtain files over the network you must set up a UNIX BootP server on the network as described in Chapter 2 308614 14 20 Rev 00 3 7 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Adding a Netboot or Directed Netboot Interface When you enable Netboot or Directed Netboot you must add and configure at least one AN ANH or ARN router circuit as a Netboot interface If you are using EZ Install you do not need to configure Netboot interfaces You can use Site Manager to add a Netboot interface Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens 2 Choose Global Protocols The Globa
13. If the router and BootP server are on the same IP subnet you do not have to set this parameter Specify the IP address of the next hop router connected to this interface in dotted decimal notation 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 10 3 1 6 Connector Protocol Mask Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt Net Boot gt Interfaces Point to Point Point to Point Point to Point Internal Clock Fr Relay Annexd Fr Relay Annexa Fr Relay LMI During the boot process the router configures the synchronous interface for the specified protocol Specify the desired protocol option 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 10 3 1 7 308614 14 20 Rev 00 A 5 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Connector State Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt Net Boot gt Interfaces Enable Enable Disable Enables or disables Netboot on this interface When set to Enable any settings specified for the other four parameters in the Netboot Interfaces window appear When set to Disable Site Manager disregards the other parameters and the router cannot Netboot If you do not want Site Manager to use the other parameters on the Netboot Interfaces window set this parameter to Disable If you want Site Manager to use any of the other parameter settings in the Netboot Interfaces window set this parameter to Enable
14. Interfaces None Any valid IP address Specifies the IP address of this interface Specify the IP address of this interface in dotted decimal notation 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 10 3 1 4 A 4 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Site Manager Parameters Connector Subnet Mask Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt Net Boot gt Interfaces None Any valid IP subnet mask Specifies the network and subnetwork portion of the 32 bit IP address of this interface The Configuration Manager automatically calculates an appropriate subnet mask depending on the class of the network to which the interface connects However you can change the subnet mask using this parameter Accept the assigned subnet mask or specify one in dotted decimal notation 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 10 3 1 5 Connector Next Hop Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt Net Boot gt Interfaces None Any valid IP address Specifies the IP address of the next hop router connected to this interface When the router starts up the next hop router passes the BootP requests and responses that initiate the transfer of the image and or configuration file between the router and the BootP server
15. configuring 3 14 not receiving BootP requests B 2 B 3 not sending BootP responses B 2 B 4 Nortel Networks Standard PPP 308614 14 20 Rev 00 BootP client interface table 3 14 ifconfig options 4 6 Quick Start worksheets C 9 O operating systems 2 3 options for obtaining startup files application files 1 3 string files 1 3 options for obtaining the IP address Directed Netboot 1 5 EZ Install 1 5 Local Boot 1 12 Netboot 1 5 Optivity software 1 1 OSPF worksheet for C 7 outgoing interface specifying 3 12 Output IP Address parameter 3 13 A 7 P Packet Capture utility B 9 B 20 packets analyzing B 9 displaying forwarded and dropped B 16 PathMan 1 1 path name restrictions 3 5 pound sign in bootptab file 2 5 power loss while writing to a file 1 17 B 18 PPP worksheets Nortel Networks Proprietary C 9 Standard C 11 product support xviii publications hard copy xvii PVC See Frame Relay Q Quick Get tool B 8 Quick Start procedure commands C 14 308614 14 20 Rev 00 defined 1 15 C 2 inst_arn bat script C 14 install bat script C 14 running C 13 using C 14 worksheets for C 2 to C 13 R receive socket BootP 2 2 relay agent forwarding table See BootP remote dial up B 8 repeater ports Ethernet A 9 enabling 5 2 resetting 5 5 A 9 testing A 9 Reset parameter 5 5 A 9 resetting and testing ANH repeater ports 5 5 A 9 resetting the router while wr
16. 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 10 3 1 1 A 6 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Site Manager Parameters BootP Relay Agent Interface Parameters Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Input IP Address Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt BOOTP gt Relay Agent Interface Table gt Forward I F gt Add None Any valid IP address Specifies the IP interface that receives BootP request packets from an external network This interface must have BootP configured on it Specify the IP address of the interface through which the router will receive BootP requests 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 2 1 3 Output IP Address Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt BOOTP gt Relay Agent Interface Table gt Forward I F gt Add None Any valid IP address Specifies the IP interface that forwards BootP request packets to an external network Specify the IP address of the interface through which the router will forward BootP requests 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 3 2 1 4 308614 14 20 Rev 00 A 7 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers BootP Client Interface Address Parameters Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID IP Address Configuration Manager gt Protoco
17. 20 Rev 00 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Table 3 3 lists the optional expansion modules available for an ARN An expansion module is a parallel daughterboard installed on the base module The ARN base module supports only one expansion module Table 3 3 ARN Expansion Module Configurations Expansion Module Site Manager Module Name Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet with DCM Ethernet DCM Token Ring Token Ring Tri Serial TRI Serial Ethernet Tri Serial Ethernet TRI Serial Ethernet Tri Serial with DCM Ethernet TRI Serial DCM Token Ring Tri Serial Token Ring TRI Serial Table 3 4 lists the optional adapter modules for an ARN An adapter module is a serial daughterboard installed in the front panel card cage The ARN base module supports one or two adapter modules Table 3 4 ARN Adapter Module Configurations Adapter Module Site Manager Module Name Serial Serial ISDN BRI S T ISDN S T ISDN BRI U ISDN U 56 64K DSU CSU 56 64K DSU CSU V 34 Modem V34 Modem X 25 PAD X25 PAD FT1 T1 DSU CSU Fractional T1 FE1 E1 G703 Fractional E1 The ARN supports network booting over DSU CSU interfaces only for the default configuration 56 Kb s DDS lines You cannot netboot over a 64 Kb s DSU CSU interface 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Netboot Services with Site Manager 2 Record the name of each co
18. 20 Rev 00 5 3 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Port Status AE rs x Figure 5 2 12 Port ANH Port Status Window Note Port 13 is the Ethernet connection from the ANH baseboard to the repeater To disable the Ethernet circuit click on Disabled for port 13 5 4 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Managing ANH Repeater Ports Testing and Resetting ANH Repeater Ports You can use Site Manager to test and reset ANH repeater ports Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Site Manager main window choose Tools The Tools menu opens 2 Choose Configuration Manager The Configuration Manager menu opens 3 Choose Dynamic The Configuration Manager window opens displaying the real time router hardware and software configuration 4 Choose Platform The Platform menu opens 5 Choose Setup Repeater The Setup Repeater menu opens 6 Choose Group Parameters The Group Parameters window opens 7 Set the following parameters The Configuration Manager tests each e Reset repeater port and indicates in a log file Selftest whether the ports pass the diagnostics Click on Help or refer to the parameter descriptions beginning on page A 9 8 Click on OK Site Manager executes the action s specified in the Group Parameters window and then closes the window Note The repeater port self test does n
19. Events Manager tool B 8 executable exe files See application files EZ Install 1 5 to 1 11 configuring 2 1 3 1 description 1 4 initial startup option 1 19 maximum number of PVCs B 19 requirements 1 4 troubleshooting B 2 to B 5 F failure BootP B 2 B 3 FDDI limitation B 20 file system local C 14 files corrupted B 17 naming restrictions 3 5 transferring See TFTP format command B 17 308614 14 20 Rev 00 forwarding table See BootP Frame Relay direct access PVC 1 6 group access PVC example 1 7 setting up 3 14 settings 4 6 worksheet for C 11 frames displaying B 16 G gateway 3 10 get command B 8 getcfg command 4 7 4 8 4 10 B 2 B 10 group access PVC See Frame Relay H HDLC encapsulation 4 6 HP 9000 See HP UX HP UX adding a TFTP user 2 11 BootPD 2 3 providing TFTPD access 2 9 ifconfig command 4 5 Image Builder default directory 3 6 image software corrupted B 17 generating 3 5 getting from a BootP server 1 9 preparing 3 6 specifying location of 4 3 transferring B 20 upgrading B 17 implementation notes B 20 incoming interface specifying 3 12 inetd conf file editing 2 3 loading changes into memory 2 12 setting up static routes 2 11 Index 3 troubleshooting B 4 initial startup options 1 13 Input IP Address parameter 3 13 A 7 inst_arn bat file running C 13 IP address assigning manually 1 20 4 5 DLCI 3 14 failure B 2 inp
20. Preparing an Image If you want the router to automatically boot a network based image when starting up using Netboot or Directed Netboot use the Site Manager Image Builder tool To create the kernel application and string files for storage on the BootP TFTP server 1 On the Site Manager workstation open the software image file using the Image Builder tool For instructions on how to use the Image Builder see Configuring and Managing Routers with Site Manager 308614 14 20 Rev 00 3 5 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers After you open the image file the Image Builder automatically extracts the kernel image file application files and string files Keep the following in mind e Be sure to choose the correct image an exe for an AN ANH or arn exe for an ARN If you choose an image for another router type you cannot generate the correct files e The kernel file and all of the application exe files and string str files must be from the same software image file If these files are from different software versions the router may fail to boot or may not operate properly 2 If you use a different workstation as a BootP server transfer to that workstation all of the files in the directory that contains the kernel file The router cannot netboot until the kernel file is available on the BootP server Enabling Netboot or Directed Netboot By default the router obtains the software image fi
21. Providing TFTP Access to All Directories Operating System Sample Line to Insert in etc inetd conf File or Other Instruction SunOS tftp dgram udp wait root usr etc in tftpd in tftpd s Solaris tftp dgram udp wait root usr sbin in tftpd in tftpd s HP UX tftp dgram udp wait root etc tftp tftp AIX Use the System Management Interface Tool SMIT to configure TFTP For instructions see the IBM guides on TCP IP daemons and TFTP 308614 14 20 Rev 00 2 9 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Restricting TFTP Access to Specified Directories To restrict TFTP access to a specific directory 1 Log in to your UNIX workstation as root 2 Insert the appropriate line in the etc inetd conf file The examples in Table 2 4 restrict access to the ftpboot directory You can substitute any directory you want Table 2 4 Restricting TFTP Access to Specified Directories Operating System Sample Line to Insert in etc inetd conf File or Other Instruction SunOS tftp dgram udp wait root usr etc in tftpd in tftpd s t itpboot Solaris tftp dgram udp wait root usr sbin in tftpd in tftpd s tfitpboot HP UX tftp dgram udp wait root etc tftp tftp s tftpboot AIX Use the System Management Interface Tool SMIT to configure TFTP For instructions see the IBM guides on TCP IP daemons and TFTP 3 Create a symbolic link in the specified directory for every startup file path name
22. affect the status of the ports However the reset does disrupt traffic flow Accept the default NO_RESET or select RESET 1 3 6 1 2 1 22 1 1 4 Selftest Configuration Manager Dynamic mode only gt Platform gt Setup Repeater gt Group Parameters NO_SELFTEST NO_SELFTEST SELFTEST Causes the router to perform an agent specific test on itself This test does not disrupt traffic flow Accept the default NO_SELFTEST or select SELFTEST 1 3 6 1 2 1 22 1 1 5 308614 14 20 Rev 00 A 9 Appendix B Troubleshooting Network Boot Problems Use the information in this appendix to resolve problems directly related to startup and connectivity with remote routers Topic Page Solving Startup Problems B 1 Identifying Remote Connectivity Problems B 8 Resolving Connectivity Problems B 10 Maintaining the Router Software B 17 Hints and Notes B 19 Note For other troubleshooting information see Troubleshooting Routers Solving Startup Problems This section helps you to isolate and solve the most common router startup problems Proceed to the appropriate section e Router Fails to Get IP Address page B 2 e Router Fails to Netboot page B 3 e Router Fails to Perform Directed Netboot page B 5 e Router Netboots but Fails to Load Applications page B 5 308614 14 20 Rev 00 B 1 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Router Fails to Get IP Address If a message a
23. bf krnl_arn exe bs auto vm rfc1048 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Troubleshooting Network Boot Problems Note that SHOME builder_dir rel lt rel gt an is the default location of the kernel file and all application and string files for the AN ANH The default location of the kernel file and all application and string files for the ARN is HOME builder_dir rel lt rel gt arn 5 Ensure that the bootptab file contains a definition for the router that is failing to netboot 6 Ensure that the configuration file name and path are correct in the bootptab file For example the following bootptab entry indicates that the configuration file named AN_Bost cfg is in the rte3 cfg directory T129 rte3 cfg AN Bost cfg 7 Read the bootptab file carefully for misspellings or other errors Compare it with the sample file shown in Chapter 2 see Figure 2 1 on page 2 8 Displaying the BootP Server IP Routes To display the IP address of the next hop router enter the following command at the UNIX command line of the BootP server netstat rn grep i n lt P_address gt IP_address is the IP address of the netbooting router s network For example enter netstat rn grep i n 192 32 155 to display the IP address of the next hop to the network address 192 32 155 If the BootP server is receiving RIP advertisements of the netbooting router s network a message such as the following appears 12412292 322155 0 192 32 13 53 UG 0
24. bootptab file 2 4 System Administration Manager SAM 2 11 Index 6 T T129 size tag in bootptab file 2 5 T130 size tag in bootptab file 2 5 tags in bootptab file definition 2 6 format 2 5 tc table continuation tag in bootptab file 2 6 technical publications xvii technical support xviii Telnet enabling Quick Start C 6 testing BootP B 19 IP interface during Quick Start C 16 text conventions xiv TFTP adding an HP 9000 user 2 11 example 1 10 1 11 interruption B 17 transferring software image file B 20 TFTP Daemon TFTPD linking to BootPD 2 10 setting up 2 9 tg variable in bootptab file 2 5 Timeout Secs parameter 3 13 3 15 token ring interfaces configuring 4 8 ifconfig settings 4 8 limitation B 20 troubleshooting B 1 to B 16 U UDP 2 2 underscore symbol in bootptab file 2 5 UNIX workstation 2 1 upgrading the software image B 17 upstream router definition 3 14 not receiving BootP requests B 2 B 3 not sending BootP responses B 2 B 4 receiving IP address from 1 5 308614 14 20 Rev 00 V vendor magic field 2 7 B 13 versions of software 1 19 1 20 3 6 B 20 vm vendor magic tag in bootptab file 2 7 volume specifying B 17 W wfBootpRelayIntfEntry B 16 wfCSMACDEntry B 7 wfDrivers B 6 wfSyncEntry B 7 wfTokenRingEntry B 7 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Index 7
25. connector on which you want to enable BootP relay The Edit Connector window opens Choose Edit Circuit The Circuit Definition window opens Choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens 2 3 4 Choose Add The Select Protocols window opens 5 Choose BOOTP The BOOTP menu opens 6 Choose File The File menu opens 7 Choose Exit You return to the Configuration Manager window Creating BootP Relay Agent Forwarding Tables You must create a BootP relay agent forwarding table for every router that passes BootP traffic between the AN ANH or ARN router and the BootP server The BootP relay agent forwarding table allows you to specify the IP interface that receives the incoming BootP request packets and the associated IP interface that forwards them You can add multiple pairs of incoming and outgoing interfaces to support connections to multiple routers in your network 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Netboot Services with Site Manager You can use Site Manager to create the BootP relay agent forwarding table Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens 2 Choose IP The IP menu opens 3 Choose BOOTP The BOOTP menu opens 4 Choose Relay Agent Interface Table The BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window opens 5 Click on Forward I F interface
26. interface e You need BayRS Version 8 10 or later to use Directed Netboot e If you have a LAN protocol analyzer available you may want to use it to troubleshoot BootP server communication errors For information about using the Packet Capture utility or an analyzer to isolate these errors see Guidelines for Using Packet Capture and Guidelines for Using a LAN Protocol Analyzer on page B 9 e BayRS Versions earlier than 7 80 do not include the Packet Capture utility e The 12 port ANH polls the internal repeater module for operational status it does not poll individual Ethernet repeater ports for connection link status Therefore the 12 port ANH is aware of the connection between the baseboard and repeater module but is not aware of any connection between the repeater module and the Ethernet network If the repeater module interface state reports an operational status the 12 port ANH may continue to transmit information through the repeater module even though a physical Ethernet connection does not exist e Atthe AN Monitor prompt you cannot view the contents of the local file system on the flash memory card Be sure to remember the name of the configuration file when performing a Directed Netboot from the AN Monitor prompt e You can issue a boot command from the AN Monitor prompt Specify a local boot by entering 1 for the volume name B 20 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Appendix C Using the Quick Start Local Boot P
27. lists the modules that you can use to connect the router s IP network interface to Site Manager For example the script might offer the following options 1 Ethernet on Base Module 2 Serial on Adapter Module 1 3 Ethernet Tri Serial on Expansion Module Enter the number that corresponds to the module you want to use Driver Type If there is only one interface on the module you chose the script automatically selects the driver type for that interface and bypasses this prompt Otherwise the script displays a menu of driver types The actual menu depends on the modules you have installed Enter the number that corresponds to the driver for the module you selected For serial interfaces and all WAN adapter modules choose the synchronous driver Enter connector number REJ If there is only one connector on the module you chose the script automatically assigns a connector number and bypasses this prompt Otherwise the script lists the available connectors For example for an ARN with five serial connectors the options are as follows COM1 COM2 COM3 COM4 COM5 CLP ON For information about the module locations and connector names see Tables 3 1 to 3 4 in Chapter 3 continued 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Using the Quick Start Local Boot Procedure Global Information Worksheet continued Prompt Options Your Response Enter clock source 1 Internal number 2 2 Ex
28. negligence THE FOREGOING WARRANTIES AND LIMITATIONS ARE EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES AND ARE IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE Licensee is responsible 308614 14 20 Rev 00 iii for the security of its own data and information and for maintaining adequate procedures apart from the Software to reconstruct lost or altered files data or programs 4 Limitation of liability INNO EVENT WILL NORTEL NETWORKS OR ITS LICENSORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY COST OF SUBSTITUTE PROCUREMENT SPECIAL INDIRECT INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES RESULTING FROM INACCURATE OR LOST DATA OR LOSS OF USE OR PROFITS ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE EVEN IF NORTEL NETWORKS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES IN NO EVENT SHALL THE LIABILITY OF NORTEL NETWORKS RELATING TO THE SOFTWARE OR THIS AGREEMENT EXCEED THE PRICE PAID TO NORTEL NETWORKS FOR THE SOFTWARE LICENSE 5 Government Licensees This provision applies to all Software and documentation acquired directly or indirectly by or on behalf of the United States Government The Software and documentation are commercial products licensed on the open market at market prices and were developed entirely at private expense and without the use of any U S Government funds The license to the U S Government is granted only with restricted rights and use du
29. of the TFTP server and the full path name of the boot image and configuration files Using the bconfig Command Format To configure an interface for Netboot use the following beonfig command format bconfig d image config To configure an interface for Directed Netboot use the following beonfig command format bconfig image config local network lt 7FTP_host gt lt TFTP_pathname gt You must issue the bconfig command twice once to specify the location of the boot image and again to specify the location of the configuration file See Table 4 1 for a description of the bconfig command options Table 4 1 bconfig Command Options Option Description image Specifies the router s boot image The boot image can be the complete software image file an exe or arn exe or the kernel file Krni_an exe or krni_arn exe config Specifies the router s configuration file local Indicates that the specified file lt image gt or lt config gt resides in the router s local file system network Indicates that the specified file lt image gt or lt config gt resides on a remote file system continued 308614 14 20 Rev 00 4 3 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Table 4 1 bconfig Command Options continued Option Description lt TFTP_host gt Specifies the IP address of the TFTP server If both the lt image gt and lt config gt files are on the
30. support automated addressing and configure all routers between the BootP server and the AN ANH or ARN router as BootP relay agents See Chapter 3 4 Ensure that there is a network connection from a synchronous interface on the AN ANH or ARN router to the upstream router Note If the AN ANH or ARN router will connect to the upstream router over a frame relay circuit ensure that the upstream router is running BayRS Version 7 80 or later 5 A person at the AN ANH or ARN router site installs and turns on the router See the model specific hardware installation guide The AN ANH or ARN router obtains a software image from its local file system an IP address from the upstream router and the customized configuration file from the BootP server The Boot Process on page 1 5 describes this process no action is required If the configuration file meets your network requirements the AN ANH or ARN router starts bridging and routing traffic 6 Use the Site Manager Statistics Manager and Events Manager tools to verify that the AN ANH or ARN router is routing traffic as specified in the configuration file See Configuring and Managing Routers with Site Manager 308614 14 20 Rev 00 1 19 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Netboot Complete the following steps for the Netboot option 1 Use the Configuration Manager in local mode to create a complete configuration file for the AN ANH or
31. the path names of the requested startup files Note The bootptab file can include the same path name for all booting routers or a different path name for each IP address 308614 14 20 Rev 00 2 3 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Entries in bootptab also include optional parameter tags Nortel Networks supplies a sample bootptab file that Site Manager installs automatically in the usr wf config directory Use a copy of this sample file if you do not already have a bootptab file To set up BootPD to respond to booting routers 1 As root view the contents of the etc directory to determine if it already contains a bootptab file If it does contain a bootptab file skip steps 2 and 3 and proceed to step 4 to edit this file 2 Enter the following command to copy the bootptab file to the etc directory cp usr wf config bootptab etc 3 Use a text editor to open the bootptab file in the etc directory 4 In the bootptab file type the information that pertains to the AN ANH and ARN routers in your network The section that follows explains how to format your entries Use Tables 2 1 and 2 2 to determine which tags and values you need Figure 2 1 shows the sample bootptab file included with the Site Manager software The comments in this file explain the sample definitions 5 Save the bootptab file changes Note The bootptab file must reside in the etc directory BootPD fails if it canno
32. to customize the configuration file and save it locally see Figure 1 6 on page 1 12 See the description of the Quick Start installation procedure in Appendix C Netboot The Netboot procedure requires the following at initial startup e A communications link between the AN ANH or ARN router and an upstream router over an Ethernet HDLC frame relay or token ring ARN only interface e A local console or modem connection with the AN ANH or ARN router e A BootP server that contains the software image file arn exe for the ARN or an exe for the AN ANH or a network configuration file config customized for the AN ANH or ARN router e An IP address assigned to the AN ANH or ARN router s boot interface Providing a Tailored Configuration File Since AN ANH and ARN routers ship with a generic configuration file on the PCMCIA flash memory card you must tailor that file to your network before a router can bridge and route traffic You can provide the AN ANH and ARN routers with a tailored configuration file during the initial startup in one of the following ways e Place a tailored configuration file on the server for the router to download during EZ Install or another netboot procedure See Preparing Configuration and Image Files in Chapter 3 for information about creating a tailored configuration file e Allow the router to start using the generic configuration file during a Local Boot procedure then use the Technician
33. to Netboot the first interface to receive a reply from the BootP server will complete the Netboot process 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Setting Up Routing Paths for Netboot You set up the routing paths between the BootP server and the AN ANH or ARN router by e Enabling each router interface in the paths to the routers e Creating a BootP relay agent forwarding table for each router in a path e Creating a BootP client interface table for the upstream router when the router is on a Frame Relay PVC in group access mode Enabling Router Interfaces You must enable BootP relay also called BootP pass through or gateway on all interfaces in the paths between AN ANH or ARN routers and the BootP server For example you would enable BootP relay on the interfaces indicated in Figure 3 1 3 10 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Netboot Services with Site Manager Booting routers ee Enable BOOTP on these interfaces BOOTP server po Corporate backbone C iiini NPA0007A Figure 3 1 Enabling BootP Relay in a Sample Network 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers You can use Site Manager to enable BootP relay on an interface Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window click on the
34. you finish entering addresses type q to quit Enter IP address of neighbor in dotted decimal notation For PPP only Enter addresses for the PPP neighbors you want the router to communicate with C 8 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Using the Quick Start Local Boot Procedure Static Route to Site Manager Worksheet Prompt Options Your Response Destination Network Enter the gateway address of the 0 0 0 0 destination network An address of 0 0 0 0 specifies the default route Destination Network Mask Enter the subnet mask of the destination 0 0 0 0 network A mask of 0 0 0 0 specifies the default route Next Hop Address Enter a next hop address All static routes require a next hop address in the same subnet as the initial IP interface Follow the default route y es for unknown subnets n o y n n The default route does not apply for subnets unless you type y at this prompt Wide Area Protocol Worksheets This section contains the following worksheets with the prompts and options for wide area protocol choices on the Global Information worksheet e Nortel Networks Proprietary PPP Worksheet page C 10 e Frame Relay Worksheet page C 11 e PPP Worksheet page C 11 e SMDS Worksheet page C 13 308614 14 20 Rev 00 C 9 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Nortel Networks Proprietary PPP Worksheet Prompt Options Your
35. 0 leo The numbers in this message indicate the following e 121 is the number of the entry in the workstation s static routing table e 192 32 155 0 is the IP address of the destination network e 192 32 13 53 is the address of the next hop router If the next hop router is unavailable or incorrect see Setting Up Static Routes to Next Hop Routers in Chapter 2 308614 14 20 Rev 00 B 15 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Displaying the Number of Packets Forwarded and Dropped This section describes how to display the number of BootP packets forwarded and dropped by a router Perform this procedure for each router between the AN ANH or ARN router and the BootP server You can use either the Statistics Manager Quick Get tool or the Technician Interface get command to retrieve this information For additional information about Quick Get see Configuring and Managing Routers with Site Manager Quick Get Instructions 1 Select the following path wfApplication wfInternet wfBootpGroup wfBootpRelayAgentGroup wfBootpRelayIntfTable 2 To display the number of packets forwarded select the following wfBootpRelayIntfRequests 3 To display the number of packets dropped select the following wfBootpRelayIntfHopsDrops Technician Interface Instructions Enter the following command to display information that may help you determine if and why a device is dropping packets where P_address is th
36. 1 License Grant Nortel Networks NA Inc Nortel Networks grants the end user of the Software Licensee a personal nonexclusive nontransferable license a to use the Software either on a single computer or if applicable on a single authorized device identified by host ID for which it was originally acquired b to copy the Software solely for backup purposes in support of authorized use of the Software and c to use and copy the associated user manual solely in support of authorized use of the Software by Licensee This license applies to the Software only and does not extend to Nortel Networks Agent software or other Nortel Networks software products Nortel Networks Agent software or other Nortel Networks software products are licensed for use under the terms of the applicable Nortel Networks NA Inc Software License Agreement that accompanies such software and upon payment by the end user of the applicable license fees for such software 2 Restrictions on use reservation of rights The Software and user manuals are protected under copyright laws Nortel Networks and or its licensors retain all title and ownership in both the Software and user manuals including any revisions made by Nortel Networks or its licensors The copyright notice must be reproduced and included with any copy of any portion of the Software or user manuals Licensee may not modify translate decompile disassemble use for any competitive analysis reverse engin
37. 308614 14 20 Rev 00 XV Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers CCITT CHAP CSMA CD DCE DLCI DLCMI DSU CSU DTE FTP HDLC TEEE IP IPX ISDN ISO ITU T LAN LMI LOR MAC MAU MIB NBMA OSI OSPF PAP PCMCIA International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee now ITU T Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol catrier sense multiple access collision detection data communications equipment data link connection identifier Data Link Control Management Interface data service unit channel service unit data terminal equipment File Transfer Protocol high level data link control Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Internet Protocol Internet Packet Exchange Integrated Services Digital Network International Organization for Standardization International Telecommunications Union Telecommunications sector formerly CCITT local area network Local Management Interface Link Quality Reporting media access control media access unit Management Information Base nonbroadcast multi access Open Systems Interconnection Open Shortest Path First protocol Password Authentication Protocol Personal Computer Memory Card International Association xvi 308614 14 20 Rev 00 PPP PVC RARP RFC RIP RMON SAM SIMM SMDS SMIT SNMP STP TCP IP Telnet TFTP TFTPD UDP WAN Preface Point to Point Protocol permanent virtual circuit Reverse Address Resolu
38. ARN Token Ring Interface for Network Booting cseeeeee 4 8 Enabling and Disabling Interfaces with the ifconfig Command ceeeeeeeee 4 9 Examples of Using the ifconfig Command o 0 cscccccccceseteacecinessccdssenetiteeecenennes 4 9 venfying Your ConnguratiOM ca ss cscccd ete secs dace vendenactensonaaubereecen Aaaa desea EEE NENDE 4 10 NRTA WO DO INGORE cs cass carcueees citer encdvaieestay AA 4 11 Chapter 5 Managing ANH Repeater Ports Enabling and Disabling ANH Repeater Ports cccssscceeeeesseceeeeeseeeeeeeeseeeeereesaneeneess 5 2 Testing and Resetting ANH Repeater Ports cc cccecesseeceeeeessenecesesseaeeeseenseeeneeeseeees 5 5 Appendix A Site Manager Parameters Netboot and Directed Netboot Parameters cccesseeceeeeeseeceeeesseeeeeeenseeeeenensesenenes A 2 Netbool iMnenrdce av ene IS cabs recered eee tic ecanantcendadaseeiadans ericaeaniia Gas scare tomad A 4 BootP Relay Agent Interface Parameters cs cccceeseenceeeeseneeeeeesseneeeeenseneeenenseeesenes A 7 BootP Client Interface Address Parameters c ccccsceceseeeseneeeeeeeeeteeeeeeseeeesteeeeseaeees A 8 Repeater Port Group Parente ns cris iccscccestevtinccperesheccsiureeccdcteesiadeamesiiee ads a aaron A 9 Appendix B Troubleshooting Network Boot Problems SS OUTING Aarup FONEME saunen page cet cava e ea wanincane B 1 Router Fails to Get IP Address sarosucrbiisoitai anea beanies B 2 Upstream Router Not Recei
39. ARN router See Chapter 3 and Configuring and Managing Routers with Site Manager Set up a UNIX workstation on the network to support BootP See Chapter 2 Use Site Manager to enable BootP on each router interface between the router and the BootP server See Chapter 3 Ensure that there is a network connection from a synchronous Ethernet or token ring ARN only interface on the AN ANH or ARN router to the upstream router Note If the AN ANH or ARN router will connect to the upstream router over a frame relay circuit ensure that the upstream router is running BayRS Version 7 71 or later Install the kernel and application files in the BootP server s file system and make sure that they reside in the same directory See Chapter 2 The person at the AN ANH or ARN router site establishes a Technician Interface session or you establish a session using a modem See the hardware installation guide The person at the AN ANH or ARN router console uses the bconfig and ifconfig commands to configure a synchronous Ethernet or token ring ARN only interface See Chapter 4 and the hardware installation guide The person at the AN ANH or ARN router site boots the router See the hardware installation guide After the AN ANH or ARN router boots it obtains at least one startup file from the BootP server If the configuration file meets your network requirements the router starts bridging and routing traffic Use the
40. BayRS Version 14 20 Part No 308614 14 20 Rev 00 January 2001 600 Technology Park Drive Billerica MA 01821 4130 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers NORTEL NETWORKS Copyright 1999 Nortel Networks All rights reserved Printed in the USA January 2001 The information in this document is subject to change without notice The statements configurations technical data and recommendations in this document are believed to be accurate and reliable but are presented without express or implied warranty Users must take full responsibility for their applications of any products specified in this document The information in this document is proprietary to Nortel Networks NA Inc The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement and may only be used in accordance with the terms of that license A summary of the Software License is included in this document Trademarks NORTEL NETWORKS is a trademark of Nortel Networks ACE AFN AN BCN BLN BN BNX CN FRE LN Optivity Optivity Policy Services Passport and PPX are registered trademarks and Advanced Remote Node ANH ARN ASN BayRS BaySecure BayStack BayStream BCC BCNX BLNX Centillion EtherSpeed FN IP AutoLearn Optivity Enterprise Optivity Internetwork Pathman RouterMan SN SPEX Switch Node System 5000 and TokenSpeed are trademarks of Nortel Networks Microsoft MS MS DOS Win32 Windows and Windows NT are
41. If the AN ANH or ARN router netboots a kernel file successfully but displays an error message indicating that it cannot load specific applications it is unable to retrieve files from the TFTP server that were provided on the software image These files are required to perform functions such as running the protocols specified in the configuration file and displaying the log To troubleshoot a failure to load applications do the following 1 Ensure that after booting you have at least one interface configured through which the file server that supplied the kernel file can be reached This is required for a router that has obtained its software image over the network to load application or string files 2 Ensure that all the application and string files files with exe and str file name extensions reside in the same directory as the kernel file 3 Verify that you have TFTP configured on the router To do this display the router s loadmap screen message If tftp exe is missing load it on the router 4 Use Site Manager to ensure that IP is enabled and that TFTP is configured in the router configuration file See Verifying the BootP Server Setup on page B 14 308614 14 20 Rev 00 B 5 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Use Technician Interface commands to verify or correct the status of the synchronous Ethernet or token ring connectors used for network booting For instructions see Usin
42. If you purchased a Nortel Networks service program contact one of the following Nortel Networks Technical Solutions Centers Technical Solutions Center Telephone EMEA 33 4 92 966 968 North America 800 2LANWAN or 800 252 6926 Asia Pacific China 800 61 2 9927 8800 800 810 5000 An Express Routing Code ERC is available for many Nortel Networks products and services When you use an ERC your call is routed to a technical support person who specializes in supporting that product or service To locate an ERC for your product or service go to the www12 nortelnetworks com URL and click ERC at the bottom of the page xviii 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Chapter 1 Understanding Tools and Options The AN ANH and ARN families of routers connect multiprotocol workgroups to corporate backbone networks This chapter provides an overview of the software and procedures for configuring and managing router remote access for AN ANH and ARN routers Topic Page Network Configuration and Management Tools Jet Router Startup Procedure 1 2 Preparing for the Initial Startup 1 13 Selecting the Routine Startup Option 1 16 Steps for Completing Startup Options 1 18 Network Configuration and Management Tools There are several tools available for configuring and managing the AN ANH and ARN routers e Graphical SNMP based network management tools withi
43. Interface Quick Start installation script to configure one or more interfaces for IP so that the router can connect to Site Manager or another network management tool 308614 14 20 Rev 00 1 15 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers The Quick Start procedure initially tailors the default configuration file use Site Manager to complete the configuration See Appendix C for more information Selecting the Routine Startup Option This section provides information to help you select the boot configuration for routine startup operations Recommendations Nortel Networks recommends that you do the following e Maintain the complete software image file an exe or arn exe on the local file system at all times in case the network connection to the BootP server goes down and the router needs to use Local Boot for startup e Set up the network to support Netboot even if you plan to use the Local Boot option With the network set up to support Netboot you can boot the router over the network for some procedures and boot it locally for others Netboot Netboot takes longer than the other startup options but has many benefits Note Over a low speed WAN or after configuring AN ANH and ARN routers to run several protocols netbooting can take up to 15 minutes It takes less time to netboot only the kernel file or configuration file Using Netboot for routine startups allows you to e Manage software image a
44. Response Enter BofL Breath of Life timer value 1 60 5 selection 3 Enter the maximum amount of time between the transmission of BofL messages 1 DCE 2 DTE 3 EXPLICIT Note Reverse the local and remote address values when configuring the device at the other end of the circuit Exception When connecting to a Nortel Networks Series 5 router that uses DCE DTE addressing use the same local address value Enter Local Address Enter Remote Address selection 3 1 DCE 2 DTE 3 EXPLICIT Note Reverse the local and remote address values when configuring the device at the other end of the circuit Exception When connecting to a Series 5 router that uses DCE DTE addressing use the same remote address value C 10 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Frame Relay Worksheet Using the Quick Start Local Boot Procedure Prompt Options Your Response Enter Management type 3 Enter addressing type 4 DLCMI None Rev 1 LMI ANSI T1 617D CCITT Annex A LMI Switch Annex D Switch Annex A Switch ADDR Q 921 ADDR Q 922 MARCH 90 ADDR Q 922 NOVEMBER 90 ADDR Q 922 ANOO ON Enter address field length 2 Two Bytes Three Bytes Four Bytes PON a ones Enter DLCI number 30 For DLCMI None LMI Switch Annex D Switch and Annex A Switch only Enter the permanent virtual circuit PVC number Note The valid range for the DLCI number is 16
45. SHOME builder_dir rel900 an is the directory on the workstation where the boot files are located By default the Image Builder writes its files to this directory If you are using a router software version later than 8 00 add the associated three digits to the end of the rel directory name If you moved the files to another directory specify that directory hd SHOME builder_dir rel812 an bf specifies that the name of the boot image kernel file is krnl_an exe bf krnl_an exe continued Figure 2 1 Sample booiptab File 308614 14 20 Rev 00 2 7 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers se OE OH OH E bs indicates the size of the boot file If you specify auto as the size the BOOTP server calculates the size of the file for each BOOTP request bs auto vm indicates that the BOOTP server should always reply in a manner compliant with RFC 1048 You must enter rfc1048 for this tag so that the AN can understand the BOOTP responses it receives vm rfcl1048 This line marks the beginning of the active definition for the AN we are naming AN Boston AN Boston ip indicates the IP address of the AN ip 192 32 5 2 T130 indicates the size of the AN s configuration file in 512 byte blocks Always use 0x0004 T130 0x0004 T129 indicates the pathname of the configuration file for the AN T129 usr1 cfg AN Bost cfg te indicates that the general defini
46. Site Manager Statistics Manager and Events Manager tools to verify that the AN ANH or ARN router is routing traffic as specified in the configuration file See Configuring and Managing Routers with Site Manager 1 20 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Understanding Tools and Options Directed Netboot Complete the following steps for the Directed Netboot option 1 Use the Configuration Manager in local mode to create a complete configuration file for the AN ANH or ARN router See Chapter 3 and Configuring and Managing Routers with Site Manager 2 Set up a network server to support TFTP See Chapter 2 3 Install the router image and or configuration files in the TFTP server s file system See Chapter 2 4 Ensure that there is a network connection from a synchronous Ethernet or token ring ARN only interface on the AN ANH or ARN router to the upstream router Note If the AN ANH or ARN router will connect to the upstream router over a frame relay circuit ensure that the upstream router is running BayRS Version 8 00 or later 5 The person at the AN ANH or ARN router site establishes a Technician Interface session or you establish a session using a modem See the hardware installation guide 6 The person at the AN ANH or ARN router console uses the bconfig and ifconfig commands to configure a synchronous Ethernet or token ring ARN only interface See Chapter 4 and the hardware installation guide 7 The per
47. aces or show ip interfaces alerts Indicate that you repeat the last element of the command as needed Example If the command syntax is ethernet 2 1 lt parameter gt lt value gt you enter ethernet 2 1 and as many parameter value pairs as needed xiv 308614 14 20 Rev 00 italic text screen text separator gt vertical line Acronyms Preface Indicates file and directory names new terms book titles and variables in command syntax descriptions Where a variable is two or more words the words are connected by an underscore Example If the command syntax is show at lt valid_route gt valid_route is one variable and you substitute one value for it Indicates system output for example prompts and system messages Example Set Trap Monitor Filters Shows menu paths Example Protocols gt IP identifies the IP option on the Protocols menu Separates choices for command keywords and arguments Enter only one of the choices Do not type the vertical line when entering the command Example If the command syntax is show ip alerts routes you enter either show ip alerts or show ip routes but not both This guide uses the following acronyms ANSI ARP AUI BofL BootP BootPD BRI American National Standards Institute Address Resolution Protocol Attachment Unit Interface Breath of Life Bootstrap Protocol Bootstrap Protocol Daemon Basic Rate Interface
48. ach of the router s connectors For example the module name E T 2S identifies an AN with one Ethernet one token ring and two serial interfaces The module name 8ptEHub 3S N11 DCM identifies an 8 port ANH with a third serial interface and an RMON data collection module DCM installed 3 2 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Netboot Services with Site Manager Table 3 1 lists the mnemonics used in AN and ANH module names Table 3 1 Configuration Manager Module Names for AN and ANH Module Name Mnemonic Connector Type E Ethernet T Token ring 2S Two serial 3S Three serial BRI S ISDN BRI with S T interface BRI U ISDN BRI with U interface BRI S ISDN BRI S T interface floating B channel BRI U ISDN BRI U interface floating B channel N11 DCM RMON data collection module CSU_DSU 56 64K DSU CSU FT1 T1 Fractional T1 FE1 E1 Fractional E1 8pt EHub 8 port Ethernet hub 12pt EHub 12 port Ethernet hub For ARN routers you choose base expansion and adapter modules separately Table 3 2 lists the base module system board options for ARN routers An ARN can have only one base module Table 3 2 ARN Base Module Configurations Base Module Site Manager Module Name Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet with DCM Ethernet DCM Token Ring Token Ring 100 Base T Ethernet 10 100BASE TX Ethernet 100 Base FX Ethernet fiber 100BASE FX Ethernet 308614 14
49. an IP network interface between the router and a Site Manager workstation Figure 1 6 IP address 192 32 10 12 Corporate IP network Site Manager workstation ASCII console or PC AN ANH ARN lt gt S Console port Ethernet port IP address 192 32 156 7 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 NPAOO006A EPS Figure 1 6 Establishing an IP Network Interface Appendix C briefly describes the procedure for customizing the default configuration file provides worksheets for preparing to run the procedure and explains how to begin the Quick Start installation script 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Understanding Tools and Options Preparing for the Initial Startup The first time you turn on an AN ANH or ARN router it begins a startup procedure to obtain the files it needs to operate routinely over the network For the procedure to be successful you must first complete the following tasks Select the initial startup option see the next section Selecting the Initial Startup Option Set up the network to support the startup option see Chapter 3 For options other than EZ Install configure the router for the startup option see Chapter 4 Provide a tailored configuration file for the router see Providing a Tailored Configuration File on page 1 15 Coordinate the initial startup with a person at the router site The person at the router site installs the hardware and cables
50. and then initiates the appropriate startup option The router hardware installation guide explains these tasks in detail Note As an alternative to another person performing the initial startup at the AN ANH or ARN router site you can perform these tasks using a modem connection Selecting the Initial Startup Option By default the EZ Install procedure begins when you turn on an AN ANH or ARN routers router You can change the initial startup option to Local Boot or Netboot 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers This section reviews the options for initial startup and lists the requirements for each startup option Selecting the Routine Startup Option on page 1 16 provides similar information for routine operation Steps for Completing Startup Options on page 1 18 describes the procedure for configuring a startup option Note Even if you use the default option EZ Install Nortel Networks strongly recommends that you connect a modem or a console to an AN ANH or ARN router for initial startup With a console connection you can issue commands to the router and display messages This is very useful if you have network problems after installation EZ Install EZ Install is the easiest option for the person at the router site to perform because AN ANH and ARN routers automatically begin the procedure at startup and the network automatically supplies the IP address and
51. appendix identifies any major differences the hardware installation manuals include model specific instructions for running the Quick Start script Using the Worksheets This appendix includes a series of worksheets to help you organize the network information you need for your configuration and to answer Quick Start prompts The worksheets contain the options for each prompt and provide space for you to record the options you select Note The install bat and inst_arn bat scripts allow for many possible configurations Since typical remote access uses a serial interface over a wide area connection the worksheets provide only the options for a serial configuration When you configure a LAN interface base your decisions on the information provided in each install bat or inst_arn bat prompt If you are not configuring the router yourself fill out the worksheets for a person at the router site and relay the worksheet information Written for a person at the router site the guides Installing and Operating AN and ANH Systems and Installing and Operating Passport ARN Routers include identical worksheets and instructions for completing the Quick Start procedure C 2 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Using the Quick Start Local Boot Procedure Nortel Networks recommends that you fill out the worksheets as follows 1 Fill out the Global Information worksheet completely This worksheet lists options common to all synchronous interface confi
52. arameter 3 7 A 3 Boot Image From Network parameter 3 7 A 2 Boot Image Pathname parameter 3 7 A 3 Boot Server Address parameter 3 7 A 3 BootP analyzing packets on a router B 9 client interface table 1 7 3 14 failure of B 2 pass through enabling 3 10 relay agent forwarding table 3 12 relay enabling 3 10 setting up 2 2 to 2 13 Site Manager support B 20 socket 2 2 testing B 19 BootP server analyzing packets B 9 BayRS version B 19 Index 1 debugging B 12 displaying IP routes B 15 location of files 3 5 not receiving BootP requests B 4 required for startup options 1 4 responses failure of B 2 troubleshooting B 4 B 14 BootPD copying 2 2 debugger tool B 12 linking to TFTPD 2 10 send and receive sockets 2 2 bootpd debugger tool B 12 bootpd dmp file B 12 bootptab file debugging B 13 editing 2 3 to 2 8 symbols in 2 5 syntax 2 4 troubleshooting B 14 break sequences issuing 4 2 broadcast address 1 6 bs boot size tag in bootptab file 2 6 C clocking synchronous interface 4 6 command line interface logging in to 4 2 commands bconfig correcting router parameters with B 2 examples 4 4 format 4 3 boot C 14 dir C 14 get B 8 getcfg 4 10 B 2 B 10 ifconfig 4 5 to 4 9 log B 8 run inst_arn bat See Quick Start procedure run install bat See Quick Start procedure compacting files B 18 Index 2 comparing startup options 1 16 configuration
53. art PROCS OS sis capseesictiaeeicen opis nee iTA n TA NAA E 1 2 Se eda e a AE E EE EE E EE E E E E 1 2 Startup ODNOS eee a ee eee tee eran en ererres aren cre a 1 3 Tao ECOL rc oo ee eee er Te emery enna ere pee eee Rev ehinee ene tener 1 5 PSIG HO E 25 05 sen tied seuntebeed Saceneeca saanenseuaseneiateaveneataniaccinteticae eiiueniee aes 1 5 LebaliBootPicGess sais siden EE AA 1 12 Preparing for the Mitali SEUD seis cats salen osss sts tasade nach canes ove Sense Ar dna camden die cuales RAAE NAREN 1 13 Selecting the Initial Startup OUR sisson pcccciedie scat stacsrenecdaseevaed inanin 1 13 EZANe t e AE SoA a e 1 14 Local E oO osnon 1 14 aeina e M E A E 1 15 Providing a Tailored Configuration File ccccccsceeseeseeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeaeesereeeaeeaes 1 15 Selecting the Routine Startup OPON siceissccssceiesueiesevasecisiadagads henii biian A iaaa 1 16 Recommanda IS ara 1 16 ee e E E E a A E E et ce We ec ae he ea rs et 1 16 Directed NoIDOOL oiciveccisaciversicscseepesasaaaveeesceaivexvecseive nessun suvesnaced NERE 1 17 Lite BOGE EII P A ieee en eee 1 18 Steps for Completing Startup Options gicsscsssiecesasescecaanceeaapsaniovedorsascesanetaiauceaetedzaveiabaances 1 18 PZ MPVS All eei aaia a Eae eaa 1 19 308614 14 20 Rev 00 v PUBL siano E ARO EE 1 20 MYC NEOON Lab eee Ee 1 21 LOCA BOOT soisin cinin based has vvaed inte dhaddqiaeeyscd gives a a 1 22 Chapter 2 Setting Up a UNIX Boot Server Setting Up a BootP GEVE cicsueciscissis
54. ary and prompts you to save the configuration to a file 9 Save the configuration file Note If the AN ANH or ARN router will use a routine startup procedure other than Directed Netboot be sure to name the configuration file config 308614 14 20 Rev 00 C 15 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers The script begins to test the IP configuration Figure C 1 Testing local IP interface ping IP 192 32 00 000 r5 IP ping 192 32 00 000 is alive size 16 bytes IP ping 192 32 00 000 is alive size 16 bytes ping 192 32 00 000 is alive size 16 bytes ping 192 32 00 000 is alive size 16 bytes P IP IP P ping 192 32 00 000 is alive This test attempts to ping the Site Manager workstation NOTE If routing has not yet converged an attempt to ping the Site Manager workstation may fail If this happens you may either enter a new IP address or quit and wait a short period of time and try again from the TI command line Type q lt return gt to cancel this test Enter IP address of Site Manager workstation Figure C 1 Quick Start IP Configuration Test 10 To continue with the IP configuration test enter the IP address for the Site Manager workstation To cancel the test type q 11 For the ARN only specify whether you want to configure another interface Type n to stop the Quick Start script and return to the Technician Interface prompt To c
55. boot or Directed Netboot Interface e Configuring a Netboot or Directed Netboot Interface e Setting Up Routing Paths for Netboot Directed Netboot e Enabling Netboot or Directed Netboot e Adding a Netboot or Directed Netboot Interface e Configuring a Netboot or Directed Netboot Interface 308614 14 20 Rev 00 3 1 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Preparing Configuration and Image Files AN ANH and ARN routers ship with a flash memory card that contains a default generic configuration file and the an exe or arn exe router software image For the AN ANH and ARN routers in your network you must create e A unique configuration file for each netbooting router e A uniform software image for all netbooting routers Creating Configuration Files To prepare network configuration files 1 Use the Configuration Manager in local mode to create a configuration file for each router For instructions see Configuring and Managing Routers with Site Manager Also see the following e Table 3 1 for the Site Manager module name to use when creating a configuration file for AN routers e Tables 3 2 through 3 4 for the module names to use when creating a configuration file for ARN routers Note For ARN routers you choose base expansion and adapter modules separately Site Manager identifies AN and ANH routers with module names that use mnemonic abbreviations for e
56. ccssaggecacsdenseteiaiais PR E EREN EEE E 2 2 Seling Up BOP SOKETE rake rrp EATA EEEE TE i 2 2 ORME BooiPE sprui a 2 2 Copying BootPD on Sun Workstations secse coos eteticte reece cede esesitecedias eatin 2 2 Setting Up Booth O To RUM sisca iineoae a enue 2 3 Setting Up BootPD to Respond to AN ANH and ARN Routers cceeeee 2 3 Edino Dodia p FIE aosda 2 4 Verifying Consistent BootP Service eccscieiseccescseaeecstansec me caadnses cedascconestavannetaniars 2 7 Beng Upa TRUP SOINEN airririoiainic on in e na Eea EE O ENE 2 9 SEUNG UE TF EFE iiini a ERA ET E 2 9 Providing TFTP Access to All DirecioieS ssriisriiraiiiipasii ne radiaan 2 9 Restricting TFTP Access to Specified Directories issesrsierirrrererrrerern 2 10 Adding a TFTP User for an HP 9000 Workstation i e 2 11 Setting Up Static Routes to Next Hop Routers cccceceeseseeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 2 11 Editing ihe stoinetd cont Filey susisnosirsii reas ee eae ees 2 11 vona DE FOUE S Meer emer nT reer rns rer reer erp tner re neerr ere mer enerre cere et eer ote 2 12 Loading the Changes into Memory E EAE 2 12 MARTH GRU an R A 2 13 Chapter 3 Configuring Netboot Services with Site Manager Preparing Configuration and Image Files ississiscinesiisiriessirsiireisisiirisiieriivennirsdenaidnsss 3 2 Creating Configuration Files acsssitisccccdcveeeimenscss aie tiacaammenccedantinibeeeanaatedeenananeesaeda 3 2 Preparing an IMAO srriiisrisiscsssesisniessinsrncsasss eer E E
57. command to configure an AN ANH or ARN router interface to support netboot options An AN ANH or ARN router netboots over one of its serial Ethernet or token ring ARN only interfaces Because a router interface must have an IP address to communicate in an IP network the netboot interface must have a valid IP address You have two options for assigning an IP address to an interface e Configure the upstream router to support automated addressing for EZ Install Chapter 3 describes how to configure the upstream router to support EZ Install by creating the BootP client interface table The Boot Process on page 1 5 describes how the router automatically obtains an IP address during the EZ Install process e Use the ifconfig command to configure a serial Ethernet or token ring interface for Netboot or Directed Netboot The following sections describe the ifconfig command formats Configuring a Serial Interface for Network Booting To configure a serial interface for network booting enter the following command at the Technician Interface or AN Monitor prompt Note The serial interface must be configured with IP to support netboot options ifconfig lt serial_options gt lt interface gt lt P_address gt lt subnet_mask gt lt next_hop_address gt Insert a space to separate each command option from the next The serial_options variable represents some combination of the following options d fr annex
58. configuration file The EZ Install procedure requires the following at initial startup e A communications link between the AN ANH or ARN router and an upstream router over an HDLC or frame relay interface e A BootP server that contains a customized configuration file for the AN ANH or ARN router If EZ Install fails in an initial startup attempt one of the following occurs e An AN or ANH router attempts to boot once using the Local Boot option If both boot attempts fail you must troubleshoot the problem and reboot the router as described in Appendix B e An ARN router first tries to local boot and then tries to netboot The ARN continuously attempts to local boot and netboot until it boots successfully you turn off the ARN or you interrupt the process in one of the following ways Press the Reset button on the ARN back panel Type the Control c break sequence at the management console Local Boot The Local Boot procedure requires the following at initial startup e An installed PCMCIA flash memory card that contains the software image file and a generic configuration file 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Understanding Tools and Options e A local console or modem connection with the AN ANH or ARN router When you use Local Boot as the initial boot option the Site Manager connection is not yet in place AN ANH and ARN routers boot using the generic configuration file then you must run the Quick Start installation script
59. customized startup files configuration file by running the Quick Start script 1 4 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Understanding Tools and Options The Boot Process The following sections describe the boot process for the Local Boot and Netboot startup options e Netboot Process EZ Install Netboot or Directed Netboot e Local Boot Process Netboot Process When booting over the network using EZ Install Netboot or Directed Netboot AN ANH and ARN routers complete the following tasks 1 Determines its IP address 2 Obtains the operating system kernel file and or configuration file by communicating with a configured BootP server on the IP network 3 Reboots using the newly transferred kernel file 4 Obtains application and string files over the network as it needs them 5 Begins bridging and routing traffic as specified in the configuration file The following sections describe in more detail the key steps in this process e Obtaining an IP Address Manually Netboot or Directed Netboot or Obtaining an IP Address Automatically EZ Install e Obtaining the Kernel and Configuration Files Obtaining an IP Address Manually Netboot or Directed Netboot For Netboot and Directed Netboot you configure the IP address manually Chapter 3 describes how to use Site Manager to configure netboot interfaces Chapter 4 describes how to configure netboot using the Technician Interface Obtaining an IP Address Automatically EZ Install During
60. d Imi annexa int_clk Table 4 2 describes the ifconfig command options for configuring the router s serial interface 308614 14 20 Rev 00 4 5 Table 4 2 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers ifconfig Command Options for a Serial Interface Option Description d annexd annexa Imi Resets the router s IP interface options to the default values This option tries four WAN configurations in the following order until it finds the correct type for the router s connection to the network 1 Nortel Networks HDLC encapsulation also called Nortel Networks Standard PPP with external clocking 2 Frame Relay Annex D 3 Frame Relay LMI 4 Frame Relay Annex A Configures the router s serial port as a frame relay connection With this option use one of the following options to specify a DLCMI option annexd annexa or Imi When one of these options is used with the fr option it specifies a DLCMI option Use the same option as the network to which the router s Frame Relay interface is connected The default option for Frame Relay is annexd int_clk Sets the serial port to internal clocking at 1 25 MB s If you do not specify this option the router defaults to external clocking lt interface gt Specifies the IP connector you are configuring Use the format com lt port_no gt lt P_address gt Specifies the IP address of the interface you set wi
61. d 0 Setting is not 2147483648 enter the following command to correct it set wfDrivers wfTMS380Load 0 2147483648 commit If the router is netbooting with a synchronous interface enter the following command to display information about the interface where connector is the interface connector number get wfSyncEnitry 1 lt connector gt Ensure that external clocking is set If the router is netbooting with an Ethernet interface enter the following command to display information about the interface where connector is the interface connector number get wfCSMACDEntry 1 lt connector gt If the router is netbooting with a token ring interface enter the following command to display information about the interface where connector is the interface connector number get wfTokenRingEntry 1 lt connector gt 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Identifying Remote Connectivity Problems The sections that follow provide guidelines for isolating a router addressing problem or a netboot problem Proceed to the appropriate section e Displaying Messages from the Router Console page B 8 e Displaying Statistics and Error Messages page B 8 e Guidelines for Using Packet Capture page B 9 e Guidelines for Using a LAN Protocol Analyzer page B 9 Displaying Messages from the Router Console If you cannot connect to the AN ANH or ARN router using Site Manager Nortel Networks recomme
62. d Operating Passport ARN Routers Installing and Operating Passport ARN DC Routers Make sure that you are running the latest version of Nortel Networks BayRS and Site Manager software For information about upgrading BayRS and Site Manager see the upgrading guide for your version of BayRS 308614 14 20 Rev 00 xiii Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Text Conventions This guide uses the following text conventions angle brackets lt gt bold text braces brackets ellipsis points Indicate that you choose the text to enter based on the description inside the brackets Do not type the brackets when entering the command Example If the command syntax is ping lt i p_address gt you enter ping 192 32 10 12 Indicates command names and options and text that you need to enter Example Enter show ip alerts routes Example Use the dinfo command Indicate required elements in syntax descriptions where there is more than one option You must choose only one of the options Do not type the braces when entering the command Example If the command syntax is show ip alerts routes you must enter either show ip alerts or show ip routes but not both Indicate optional elements in syntax descriptions Do not type the brackets when entering the command Example If the command syntax is show ip interfaces alerts you can enter either show ip interf
63. direct access mode or a Nortel Networks Standard PPP interface calculates the IP address by adding 1 to the IP address of the interface that received the request For example in Figure 1 1 the upstream router s interface address is 192 32 1 1 This means that the upstream router calculates 192 32 1 2 as the AN ANH or ARN router s IP address Note If the IP address plus 1 equals a broadcast address the upstream router calculates the IP address by subtracting 1 For example if the IP address of the upstream router s interface is 7 255 255 254 the IP address of the AN ANH or ARN router is 7 255 255 253 1 6 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Understanding Tools and Options AN ANH ARN router A BOOTP request BOOTP response with IP address 192 32 1 2 C Upstream router IP address 192 32 1 1 NPA0001A Figure 1 1 Calculating an IP Address Direct Access PVC or Standard PPP A frame relay PVC in group access mode refers to its BootP client interface table to find an associated IP address for the AN ANH or ARN router Note The BootP client interface table contains a data link connection identifier DLCD and IP address pair for each PVC You use Site Manager to create this table when you follow the instructions for setting up routing paths in Chapter 3 For example in Figure 1 2 the AN ANH or ARN router sends BootP requests for its IP address The upstream router receives the request
64. distribution and use acknowledge that such portions of the software were developed by the University of California Berkeley The name of the University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from such portions of the software without specific prior written permission SUCH PORTIONS OF THE SOFTWARE ARE PROVIDED AS IS AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE In addition the program and information contained herein are licensed only pursuant to a license agreement that contains restrictions on use and disclosure that may incorporate by reference certain limitations and notices imposed by third parties 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Nortel Networks NA Inc Software License Agreement NOTICE Please carefully read this license agreement before copying or using the accompanying software or installing the hardware unit with pre enabled software each of which is referred to as Software in this Agreement BY COPYING OR USING THE SOFTWARE YOU ACCEPT ALL OF THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT THE TERMS EXPRESSED IN THIS AGREEMENT ARE THE ONLY TERMS UNDER WHICH NORTEL NETWORKS WILL PERMIT YOU TO USE THE SOFTWARE If you do not accept these terms and conditions return the product unused and in the original shipping container within 30 days of purchase to obtain a credit for the full purchase price
65. e address of the interface receiving the packets get wfBootpRelayIntfEntry lt P_address gt B 16 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Troubleshooting Network Boot Problems Maintaining the Router Software The AN ANH or ARN router file system resides on the flash memory card which is not user serviceable You use Technician Interface commands to maintain the local file system on the AN ANH or ARN router flash memory card For more information see Using Technician Interface Software and Using Technician Interface Scripts erases all files on the local flash memory card and the AN ANH or ARN router will not be able to local boot an image or configuration file until you replace the files You can avoid this situation by partitioning the flash memory card See Using Technician Interface Software or Configuring and Managing Routers with Site Manager Caution Be very careful when you use the format command This command When Technician Interface commands require that you specify a volume always specify volume 1 for an AN ANH or ARN router Upgrading the Software Image You can upgrade an AN ANH or ARN router s kernel file krnl_an exe for the AN ANH or krnl_arn exe for the ARN using one or both of the following options e Use Netboot to start the router This option upgrades the image only in the router s RAM e Use TFTP to transfer the image to the router s flash memory card then use Local Boot to start the router T
66. e in hexadecimal mode Note The LAN protocol analyzer does not decode all of the vendor tag fields 308614 14 20 Rev 00 B 9 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers If the BootP server is not receiving requests ensure that the upstream router is receiving and forwarding them If the upstream router is receiving verify that each router interface between the upstream router and the BootP server is receiving and forwarding the requests If the BootP server is receiving requests but is failing to respond see Router Fails to Netboot on page B 3 Resolving Connectivity Problems This section describes how to Display the AN ANH or ARN router s netboot configuration Debug the BootP server Verify the BootP server s setup Display the BootP server s IP routes Display the number of BootP packets forwarded and dropped Displaying Parameter Settings Display the AN ANH or ARN router s netboot parameter settings to determine the following Whether the router is set to boot using a local boot image or a remote boot image Whether the router is set to configure using a local configuration file or a remote configuration file The configuration of the synchronous Ethernet and token ring ARN only connectors Enter the following Technician Interface command to display the AN ANH or ARN router s startup options getcfg B 10 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Troubleshooting Network Boot Problems
67. e to the AN ANH or ARN router is a Frame Relay PVC in group access mode you must use Site Manager to connect to the upstream router and create a BootP client interface table in addition to a BootP relay agent forwarding table Note You do not need to create a BootP client interface table if the Frame Relay PVC is configured to operate in direct access mode or if the circuit is configured to operate with Nortel Networks Standard PPP HDLC encapsulation The BootP client interface table allows you to specify and pair the IP address of the AN ANH or ARN router with the DLCI of the Frame Relay group access PVC Note If you are using EZ Install over Frame Relay you can have up to 20 PVCs for a single Frame Relay interface on the upstream router If you have more than 20 PVCs on the Frame Relay interface the EZ Install process may fail To ensure that the process does not fail configure a maximum of 20 PVCs for a Frame Relay interface For more information about the DLCI and Frame Relay see Configuring Frame Relay Services 3 14 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Netboot Services with Site Manager You can use Site Manager to create the BootP client interface table Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens 2 Choose IP The IP menu opens 3 Choose BOOTP The BOOTP menu opens 4 Choose Re
68. eee deeanagumes 3 5 Enabling Netboot or Directed NGTROGT sisisrirsrissirarnasr esata laassdenldeassanate 3 6 Adding a Netboot or Directed Netboot Interface ssssssessrrssssrrrrssnnnnrenrnnesnnnnnerennnnesnna 3 8 Configuring a Netboot or Directed Netboot Interface cccccceceeeseceeeeeeeeeseeeteeeeteeees 3 9 Setting Up Routing Paths for Netboot 0 ccccececeeseceeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeceaeeeeaeeseaaeeeseaeeeeaes 3 10 Enabling Router InteracoS o iscmsreeimarieiumneasanviman e oeii ia 3 10 Creating BootP Relay Agent Forwarding Tables eseseesseeseeeeeeeerrrsrresrressreena 3 12 vi 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Creating the BootP Client Interface Table ccccccecceseeeeeneeeeeeeeteeeeeeeaeeseeeeeseaaeeeaes 3 14 Chapter 4 Configuring Netboot Client Services Using Netboot Configuration CommMaNdS cssgces ss tees vance exeteccngsieedeacteedencesdreeecaseesatveteaniohaedy 4 2 Setting Tie Boot Configuration sissu edian ted a anaa 4 3 Using the bconfig Command Format EES aeie iar Na ARNE ER 4 3 Examples of Using the bconfig Command sisessccitsciissetceerccieeriesnsstigeesinieesteerss 4 4 Setting the Netboot Interface Configuration ccceccceeesceeeseeeeeeeeeeeneeeteaeeeseaeesenneeenaeee 4 5 Configuring a Serial Interface for Network Booting cccccscceeeseeeeeeeeeteneeteeneeeees 4 5 Configuring an Ethernet Interface for Network Booting ccceceeeeeeeseneeeeeseettees 4 7 Configuring an
69. eer distribute or create derivative works from the Software or user manuals or any copy in whole or in part Except as expressly provided in this Agreement Licensee may not copy or transfer the Software or user manuals in whole or in part The Software and user manuals embody Nortel Networks and its licensors confidential and proprietary intellectual property Licensee shall not sublicense assign or otherwise disclose to any third party the Software or any information about the operation design performance or implementation of the Software and user manuals that is confidential to Nortel Networks and its licensors however Licensee may grant permission to its consultants subcontractors and agents to use the Software at Licensee s facility provided they have agreed to use the Software only in accordance with the terms of this license 3 Limited warranty Nortel Networks warrants each item of Software as delivered by Nortel Networks and properly installed and operated on Nortel Networks hardware or other equipment it is originally licensed for to function substantially as described in its accompanying user manual during its warranty period which begins on the date Software is first shipped to Licensee If any item of Software fails to so function during its warranty period as the sole remedy Nortel Networks will at its discretion provide a suitable fix patch or workaround for the problem that may be included in a future Software relea
70. ensee fails to comply with any of the terms and conditions of the license Upon termination for any reason Licensee will immediately destroy or return to Nortel Networks the Software user manuals and all copies Nortel Networks is not liable to Licensee for damages in any form solely by reason of the termination of this license 8 Export and Re export Licensee agrees not to export directly or indirectly the Software or related technical data or information without first obtaining any required export licenses or other governmental approvals Without limiting the foregoing Licensee on behalf of itself and its subsidiaries and affiliates agrees that it will not without first obtaining all export licenses and approvals required by the U S Government i export re export transfer or divert any such Software or technical data or any direct product thereof to any country to which such exports or re exports are restricted or embargoed under United States export control laws and regulations or to any national or resident of such restricted or embargoed countries or ii provide the Software or related technical data or information to any military end user or for any military end use including the design development or production of any chemical nuclear or biological weapons 9 General If any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction the remainder of the provisions of this Agreeme
71. ernel file that supports the router platform plus a group of executable files that support the major networking protocols and dial up services that the network requires Booting the router is the process of installing and using the applicable software image files To bridge and route traffic a router also needs a configuration file that is tailored to the network A configuration file is a binary system file that contains hardware and software configuration data 1 2 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Understanding Tools and Options Nortel Networks ships the software image for AN ANH and ARN routers on a PCMCIA flash memory card along with a default configuration file named config The ARN software image is named arn exe The AN ANH software image is named an exe Table 1 1 describes the executable startup files contained in the AN ANH and ARN software images Table 1 1 Router Startup Files Startup File Name Description krnl_arn exe ARN operating system kernel krnl_an exe AN ANH operating system kernel Application files Executable files needed to perform the functions specified in the configuration file All application files have exe file name extensions For example the router needs an jpx exe executable file to run IPX String files Compressed ASCII files needed when you use the Nortel Networks Technician Interface to display the event log or MIB object names Groups of string files remain in compressed format until needed
72. eseanipeiars B 14 Displaying the BootP Server IP ROUtCS cesceecesceeeesceeseeeeeeneeneeaeeneeneeeeneeeees B 15 Displaying the Number of Packets Forwarded and Dropped sses B 16 Quick Get WiStuctiOms seieccsscetiastivcersastivactesstases SE E A B 16 Technician Interface InsiructionS sisi cecissasisesitinsatesieieiasercetimsietnessieniiares B 16 Maintaining the Router SofWare csisscucisasdscascncqaacesieiasaiwhicbsdkieciesensiaaaniedsacppaheandaeibecaseee B 17 Upgrading the Sofware Image a scssesonnseniiiniani cident eee B 17 Restoring a Local File SyStERA icine satinder dcr seidaelessenwun A Ea EnS B 18 PNGEN ena B 19 SPU PAINS AP A AN E AE EA eee a B 19 ipememaion Notos oes ast aa ne tnciawis Anuen Ee EN EE ENRERE Rusii aa B 20 Appendix C Using the Quick Start Local Boot Procedure eate E E useaa a a ea errr ee reer ere ereenr areca rr C 2 LOG Tite GIES ciwan C 2 Global Intormation Works hesi aiiicicsarstsadsssacetent ianrasetacess nN a AEE C 4 Router go C9 es Ie go 0 2 21 en er eee ee re rere fren eee rere eter es C 6 Wide Area Protocol Worksheets sscicccasvesnccsecetsttcctemecs ctesesime stent stmetncedeauetbececesennboeriam C 9 Auning tie Quick Stari SCURI svicisier scence sicsttieiesnsttanaasiens Mil Mase C 13 Index viii 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Figures Figure 1 1 Calculating an IP Address Direct Access PVC or Standard PPP ssciccesidecsssscadsctsieseteassbesaiscecmesatvesnts 1 7 Figure 1 2 Requesting an IP Address f
73. etting Up a TFTP Server Netboot e Setting Up a BootP Server e Setting Up a TFTP Server Directed Netboot e Setting Up a TFTP Server 308614 14 20 Rev 00 2 1 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Setting Up a BootP Server To support EZ Install or Netboot AN ANH and ARN routers need a network connection to a BootP server You configure a UNIX workstation as a BootP server by e Setting up BootP sockets e Configuring the BootP Daemon BootPD Setting Up BootP Sockets A socket is a UNIX mechanism for creating virtual connections between operating system and network processes For each socket the etc services file must include a User Datagram Protocol UDP descriptor that provides process to process addressing information To set up the send and receive sockets for BootP 1 Log in to the UNIX workstation as root 2 Use a text editor to insert the following two lines in the etc services file bootps 67 udp bootp server bootpe 68 udp bootp client Configuring BootPD A daemon is an unattended process that is one that runs in the background An application typically calls a daemon to perform a standard routine or service in this case BootP Complete the following tasks to configure BootPD on a UNIX workstation e On Sun workstations copy the BootPD program to the etc directory e Set up BootPD to run e Set up BootPD to respond to AN ANH and ARN routers Copying BootPD
74. ev 00 OSPF Worksheet Using the Quick Start Local Boot Procedure Prompt Options Your Response Enter OSPF router ID in dotted decimal notation Enter an IP address to uniquely identify the router in the OSPF domain The script provides the IP address of the COM port as the default Nortel Networks suggests using the default IP address ARN only When using the script to configure OSPF on more than one COM port do not accept the default IP address Enter the same address for each port Enter the OSPF area ID in dotted decimal notation 0 0 0 0 Enter the area ID This ID must match the area ID of the routers neighbor Note The backbone area ID is always 0 0 0 0 Enable Simple Password authentication y n n y es n o Note If you answer y es the router requests a password Password Follow default paths for unknown subnets y n n Enter OSPF MTU size selection 1 y es n o a Default Ethernet size Nortel Networks Series 5 compatible User Defined MTU N Enter OSPF interface type selection 1 Broadcast NBMA Point to Point Point to Multipoint Proprietary Point to Multipoint Per OSPF Standard aAPoON gt wo Note When using a wide area protocol other than Nortel Networks Proprietary PPP Nortel Networks suggests selecting NBMA 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers
75. file corrupted B 17 creating 3 2 customized 1 12 1 15 default boot location 1 4 defined 1 3 getting from a BootP server 1 9 hint for creating B 19 restrictions 3 5 using the local C 14 configuring Directed Netboot 2 1 4 1 EZ Install 2 1 3 1 interfaces 4 1 Local Boot C 1 Netboot 2 1 4 1 Connector IP Address parameter 3 9 A 4 Connector Next Hop parameter 3 9 A 5 Connector parameter 3 8 A 4 Connector Protocol Mask parameter 3 9 A 5 Connector State parameter 3 9 A 6 Connector Subnet Mask parameter 3 9 A 5 conventions text xiv cost of line usage 1 17 customer support xviii D daemon BootP 2 2 TFTP 2 9 debugging the BootP server B 12 default IP interface settings Ethernet 4 7 4 8 synchronous 4 6 deleting files B 17 diagnostics monitor AN Monitor 1 2 dial up access B 8 dir command C 14 direct access See Frame Relay Directed Netboot bconfig command 4 4 308614 14 20 Rev 00 configuring boot client 4 1 interfaces for 3 1 server location 4 3 UNIX server 2 1 description 1 4 ifconfig command 4 9 requirements 1 4 DLCI and IP address pair creating in client interface table 3 14 example 1 7 DLCI Number parameter 3 15 A 8 DLCMI settings 4 6 driver displaying MIB entry for B 6 E erasing files B 17 error messages displaying B 8 Ethernet interfaces configuring 4 7 displaying MIB entry B 7 ifconfig settings 4 7 event log router 4 11 B 8
76. files Local booting the startup files for routine startups allows you to e Minimize the time it takes the router to boot In most configurations however the difference between the two options is only a few seconds Typically local booting takes two to three minutes e Minimize line usage Obtaining files locally prevents an increase in network traffic during the startup process When you choose the Local Boot option for routine startups AN ANH and ARN routers read the IP addresses from the local configuration file and assign them to the appropriate interfaces Steps for Completing Startup Options This section summarizes the steps for completing these startup options e EZ Install e Netboot e Directed Netboot Local Boot 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Understanding Tools and Options You can use Netboot for some procedures and Local Boot for others provided you have set up the network to support Netboot Note To boot an AN ANH or ARN router over the network all routers in the path to the BootP server must be running BayRS Version 7 60 or later EZ Install Complete the following steps for the EZ Install option 1 Use the Configuration Manager in local mode to create a complete configuration file for the router See Chapter 3 and Configuring and Managing Routers with Site Manager 2 Set up a UNIX workstation on the network to support BootP See Chapter 2 3 Create a BootP client on the upstream router to
77. fy the IP address and subnet mask of the first Ethernet Netboot interface ifconfig xcvr1 21 3 5 62 255 255 255 0 Specify the IP address and subnet mask of the second Ethernet Netboot interface ifconfig xcvr2 21 3 5 61 255 255 255 0 Configure the IP address and frame relay DLCMI of the third serial Netboot interface ifconfig com3 21 3 5 62 fr annexa Specify the IP address and subnet mask of the first token ring interface on an ARN ifconfig maul 21 3 4 77 255 255 255 0 308614 14 20 Rev 00 4 9 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Verifying Your Configuration You can use the getcfg command to verify the following e Whether the router is set to boot using a local or remote boot image e Whether the router is set to configure using a local or remote configuration file e The configuration of the serial Ethernet and token ring ARN only interfaces To display the configured startup options for an AN ANH or ARN router enter the following command at the Technician Interface or AN Monitor prompt getcfg The following sample output shows the default configuration for an AN ANH with one Ethernet interface and two serial interfaces Boot Options boot image local boot config network Netboot Parameters XCVR1 None COM1 EZ Install COM2 EZ Install The following sample output shows the configuration for an ARN with one Ethernet interface one token ring interface and five serial in
78. g Technician Interface Software Examples of AN ANH or ARN router commands and responses follow as well as some connector and interface settings you should consider Enter the following command to display the router driver get wfLinkModules 15 0 On an AN ANH the response is as follows wfLinkModules wfANLoad 0 2147483648 On an ARN the response is as follows wf LinkModules wfARNLoad 0 2147483648 The response indicates that the AN ANH or ARN router driver is configured to run in slot 1 the only router slot The decimal number 2147483648 represents slot 1 If the setting is not 2147483648 enter one of the following commands to correct it set wfLinkModules 15 0 2147483648 commit lt for AN ANH set wfLinkModules 25 0 2147483648 commit lt for ARN To display the configured drivers enter the following command get wfDrivers 0 A combination of the following settings should appear in the list of drivers according to your AN ANH or ARN router configuration wfDrivers wfQsccSyncLoad 0 2147483648 COM ports wfDrivers wfQsccEnetLoad 0 2147483648 Ethernet ports nonrepeating wfDrivers wfRptrLoad 0 2147483648 Ethernet repeater ports ANH only wfDrivers wfTMS380Load 0 2147483648 Token ring ports B 6 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Troubleshooting Network Boot Problems Use the set command to correct settings if necessary For example if the router has a token ring port and the w Drivers wETMS380Loa
79. gurations After you record your protocol selections on the Global Information worksheet fill out one Router Protocol worksheet This worksheet lists options for RIP OSPF and static route configurations For example if you select RIP as your routing protocol you need only fill out the RIP worksheet Fill out one Wide Area Protocol worksheet This worksheet lists options for Nortel Networks Proprietary PPP Frame Relay Standard PPP and SMDS configurations For example if you select Frame Relay as your wide area protocol you need only fill out the Frame Relay worksheet Run install bat or inst_arn bat as described in Running the Quick Start Script on page C 13 Alternatively a person at the AN ANH or ARN router remote site can run the Quick Start script using a management console modem connection Once the router has an initial connection to the network see Configuring and Managing Routers with Site Manager to configure the router 308614 14 20 Rev 00 C 3 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Global Information Worksheet This section contains the prompts and options for all AN ANH or ARN router synchronous configurations Global Information Worksheet Prompt Options Your Response Enter the module number EEJ AN ANH only Because the AN ANH is not a link module the router bypasses this step and automatically accepts a default slot of 1 ARN only The script
80. his option upgrades the image in both the router s flash memory card and in RAM Caution If you use TFTP to transfer an upgraded image to an AN ANH or ARN router flash memory card and the file transfer is interrupted for example if the router resets reboots or loses power the router s local file system on the flash memory card becomes corrupted and the router cannot boot locally until you restore the file system 308614 14 20 Rev 00 B 17 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Restoring a Local File System If the AN ANH or ARN router s local file system becomes corrupted you must restore it by upgrading the software image If the router resets reboots or loses power while restoring or compacting its flash memory card it automatically netboots the configuration file and software image You must already have the network set up for Netboot or Directed Netboot to succeed Note If the AN ANH or ARN router reboots while writing to or compacting partitioned flash memory the file system becomes corrupted and the router will not start after rebooting After the router netboots successfully you can use TFTP to restore the software image and configuration file on the local file system Caution Compacting the file system on a flash memory card can take up to 15 minutes When you compact an AN ANH or ARN router s file system allow the compaction to complete before resetting the ro
81. is enabled on the upstream router e The BootP relay agent forwarding table associated with the upstream router shows an IP address that is configured on the IP router e The input IP address is correct e If you are using EZ Install over a Frame Relay PVC in group access mode the upstream router s BootP client interface table is configured properly B 2 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Troubleshooting Network Boot Problems Router Fails to Netboot If the AN ANH or ARN router fails to receive the configuration file or boot image using a netboot option first do the following e Ensure that all cables between the router and the BootP server are firmly connected e If using the ifconfig command be sure to specify the boot image file krnl_an exe for an AN ANH or krni_arn exe for an ARN Then refer to the instructions in the following sections to find and correct the problem e Upstream Router Not Receiving BootP Requests e Router Not Sending BootP Responses e BootP Server Not Sending BootP Responses If you have not isolated the problem to a specific interface retrieve the number of BootP packets forwarded and dropped from all routers between the AN ANH or ARN router and the BootP server See Displaying the Number of Packets Forwarded and Dropped on page B 16 If you perform the instructions in these sections and cannot find and correct the problem contact the Nortel Networks Technical Solutions Center Upstream Router No
82. iting to a file B 18 RFC 1048 2 7 router software image See software image RouterMan 1 1 routine startup options 1 16 S saturation of router memory preventing 1 17 Selftest parameter 5 5 A 9 send socket BootP 2 2 Site Manager 1 16 slot number C 4 Slot parameter A 4 sm subnet mask tab in bootptab file 2 5 SMDS wide area protocol worksheet for C 13 sniffer See LAN protocol analyzer sockets BootP 2 2 software image an exe file 1 3 arn exe file 1 3 default boot location 1 4 definition of 1 2 preparing 3 2 Index 5 restoring B 18 B 20 testing B 19 upgrading B 17 software configuration AN Monitor 1 2 Optivity 1 1 Site Manager 1 1 Technician Interface 1 2 Solaris copying BootPD 2 3 TFTPD access 2 9 startup options completing 1 18 displaying 4 10 B 10 initial coordinating with remote site 1 13 EZ Install 1 19 Local Boot 1 22 Netboot 1 20 1 21 routine Directed Netboot 1 17 1 18 Local Boot 1 18 Netboot 1 16 See also Directed Netboot EZ Install Local Boot Netboot selecting routine 1 16 summary 1 4 static routes to next hop routers setting up 2 11 Statistics Manager tool B 8 string files definition 1 3 generating 3 6 Sun workstations 2 2 SunOS copying BootPD 2 3 TFTPD access 2 9 support Nortel Networks xviii symbols in bootptab file 2 5 synchronous interfaces configuring 4 5 displaying MIB entry B 7 ifconfig settings 4 6 syntax of
83. l bf krnl_an exe file bs Required Boot size the size of the kernel bs auto file in 512 byte blocks If you specify auto as the size the BootP server calculates the size of the file for each BootP request continued 2 6 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Setting Up a UNIX Boot Server Table 2 2 BootPD Tags for a Kernel File Name continued Required Tag or Optional Value Example vm Required Vendor magic cookie selector vm rfc1048 the BootP server should always reply in a manner compliant with RFC 1048 You must specify rfc1048 for this tag in order for the router to understand the BootP responses it receives The sample bootptab file shown in Figure 2 1 enables two ANs named AN Boston and AN Chicago to boot over the network Use the basic format shown in Figure 2 1 to set up your own bootptab file Verifying Consistent BootP Service You may want to configure a second workstation as a BootP server for backup purposes If you do so make sure that the two bootptab files are identical Also make sure that the kernel application and string files are from the same BayRS version He HE OH OH OH OH This file contains the default specification for the boot image file to be used by all ANs general contains information that is common to all ANs that need to boot via BOOTP You can use any word in place of general general hd specifies that
84. l Protocols menu opens 3 Choose Net Boot The Net Boot menu opens 4 Choose Interfaces The Netboot Interfaces window opens 5 Click on Add The Netboot Interface window opens 6 Set the Connector parameter Click on Help or refer to the parameter description on page A 4 7 Click on OK You return to the Netboot Interfaces window which shows the interface you just added 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Netboot Services with Site Manager Configuring a Netboot or Directed Netboot Interface You can use Site Manager to configure a Netboot or Directed Netboot interface Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens Choose Global Protocols The Global Protocols menu opens Choose Net Boot Choose Interfaces The Net Boot menu opens The Netboot Interfaces window opens a Ry wo hy In the scroll box choose the interface you want to configure The window shows the parameter values for that interface Set the following parameters e Connector IP Address e Connector Subnet Mask e Connector Next Hop e Connector Protocol Mask e Connector State Click on Help or refer to the parameter descriptions beginning on page A 4 Click on Apply then click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window Note If you configure more than one interface
85. l and configuration files over the network The procedure is the same for EZ Install Netboot and Directed Netboot 1 The router sends a BootP request for the path names of the startup files The router issues the request simultaneously through all serial COM Ethernet and token ring ARN only interfaces that have IP addresses The router issues this request periodically for approximately 3 minutes regardless of whether a cable is connected 2 A BootP server responds to the router s request with the directory path names Figure 1 3 AN ANH ARN BOOTP Upstream router Pathnames server lt ___ Corporate backbone imi j 2 Key BOOTP request lt __ BOOTP response NPA0003A Figure 1 3 Obtaining the Path Names of the Kernel and Configuration Files The first router interface that processes the BootP response acts as the TFTP client in the remaining steps 3 The router stops sending BootP requests 308614 14 20 Rev 00 1 9 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers 4 The router sends a TFTP request for the configuration file 5 The BootP server uses TFTP to transfer the configuration file Figure 1 4 AN ANH ARN Configuration file lt _ Corporate backbone rit _ gt Upstream router BOOTP server Key BOOTP response gt TFTP request lt TFTP
86. lay Agent Interface Table The BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window opens 5 Click on Client I F interface The BOOTP Client Interface Table window opens 6 Click on Add The BOOTP Client Interface Address window opens 7 Set the following parameters e IP Address e DLCI Number Click on Help or refer to the parameter descriptions beginning on page A 8 8 Click on OK The BOOTP Client Interface Table window lists the client IP interface and the DLCI number you added 9 Click on Done You return to the BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window Click on Help or see Configuring SNMP BootP and DHCP Services for a description of the parameters in the BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window Make sure that the Timeout Secs parameter is set to the default 0 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Chapter 4 Configuring Netboot Client Services This chapter describes how to enable AN ANH or ARN routers for netboot startup options using commands at the Technician Interface or AN Monitor prompt Topic Page Using Netboot Configuration Commands 4 2 Setting the Boot Configuration 4 3 Setting the Netboot Interface Configuration 4 5 Verifying Your Configuration 4 10 What to Do Next 4 11 First read Using Netboot Configuration Commands on page 4 2 for information about working with someone at a remote AN ANH or ARN router site or accessing a route
87. les from its local file system and its configuration file from a BootP server You can use Site Manager to display and change these settings as follows Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens 2 Choose Global Protocols 3 Choose Net Boot The Global Protocols menu opens The Net Boot menu opens 4 Choose Global The Edit Netboot Global Parameters window opens continued 3 6 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Netboot Services with Site Manager Site Manager Procedure continued You do this System responds 5 Set the following parameters Site Manager enables Netboot if you Boot Image From Network enable one or both of the first two e Boot Config From Network parameters e Boot Server Address Boot Image Pathname Site Manager enables Directed Netboot if e Boot Config Pathname you enable one or both of the first two Click on Help or refer to the parameter parameters and then specify values for descriptions beginning on page A 2 the remaining parameters 6 Click on OK You return to the Configuration Manager window When you netboot a router the value of Boot Image Pathname is the full path name of the active image on the remote server When you boot a router locally the name of the active image wfHwEntry wfHwActivelmageName appears in the form lt volume gt
88. ls gt IP gt BOOTP gt Relay Agent Interface Table gt Client I F gt Add None Any valid IP address Specifies the IP address of the router that is using EZ Install This parameter applies only to a Frame Relay PVC in group access mode Specify the IP address in dotted decimal notation of the router interface 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 1 1 1 3 DLCI Number Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt BOOTP gt Relay Agent Interface Table gt Client I F gt Add None 16 to 1007 Specifies the identification number of the upstream router s PVC The Frame Relay network uses the DLCI number to direct data from the AN ANH or ARN router to the upstream router Specify the number in decimal format Use the DLCI number assigned by your Frame Relay service provider 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 3 8 1 1 1 2 A 8 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Site Manager Parameters Repeater Port Group Parameters Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Reset Configuration Manager Dynamic mode only gt Platform gt Setup Repeater gt Group Parameters NO_RESET NO_RESET RESET Resets the repeater The Configuration Manager tests each repeater port and indicates in a log file whether the ports pass the diagnostics The reset does not affect the management counters defined in the RFC 1516 MIB specification nor does it
89. n Optivity Internetwork a component of the Nortel Networks Optivity Enterprise application suite Site Manager a router management configuration and monitoring application RouterMan a real time router performance and status reporting application PathMan a diagnostic application for determining the complete data path between two network devices 308614 14 20 Rev 00 1 1 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers e Router configuration and management tools included with BayRS Technician Interface a command line interface that operates in router memory Technician Interface commands and scripts provide real time SNMP based Management Information Base MIB access from an attached or remote modem or Telnet management console AN Monitor a command line interface to the router diagnostic firmware You use the AN Monitor to configure AN ANH and ARN boot configurations This guide describes how to connect AN ANH and ARN routers to a managed network using Site Manager and how to set the startup configuration using the AN Monitor and Technician Interface Router Startup Procedure The following sections describe the software files and configuration options involved in the startup procedure for AN ANH and ARN routers e Startup Files e Startup Options Startup Files Before it can operate a router must boot a software image The software image contains an operating system k
90. n configuring Directed Netboot Make sure that the file you specify is the valid configuration file on the TFTP server 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 10 1 5 308614 14 20 Rev 00 A 3 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Netboot Interface Parameters Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Slot Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt Net Boot gt Interfaces gt Add None 1 Specifies the physical slot in which the hardware module is installed Specify 1 as the slot AN ANH and ARN routers have only one slot Connector Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt Net Boot gt Interfaces gt Add None COM1 COM2 COM3 COM4 COM5 XCVR1 XCVR2 TOKENI TOKEN2 Specifies the name of the connector configured for the Netboot interface Specify COM1 COM2 COM3 COM4 or COMS to configure Netboot over a synchronous interface Specify XCVR1 or XCVR2 to configure Netboot over an Ethernet interface Specify TOKEN1 or TOKEN to configure Netboot over a token ring interface ARN only Note that the interfaces that are available depend on the interface options you purchased with your router Connector IP Address Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt Net Boot gt
91. n do one of the following e Wait for the router to local boot that is wait for EZ Install to fail e Interrupt the startup process by issuing a break sequence This automatically starts the AN Monitor a firmware diagnostics monitor for routers Note Be sure to issue the break sequence before EZ Install completes The break sequence depends on the management console you are using Some terminals have specific break keys others require a specific key sequence to issue a break for example Control c or See the documentation for your terminal or PC terminal emulator for the correct break sequence To log in to either the AN Monitor or the Technician Interface enter Manager at the login prompt Note Manager is case sensitive use an uppercase M The Technician Interface or AN Monitor command line prompt appears Proceed to the appropriate section e Setting the Boot Configuration e Setting the Netboot Interface Configuration 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Netboot Client Services Setting the Boot Configuration This section describes how to use the beonfig command to configure a netboot option at the Technician Interface or AN Monitor command line prompt e For Netboot you use bconfig to specify the network location of a configuration file or boot image software image or kernel file for the AN ANH or ARN router to use at startup e For Directed Netboot you use bconfig to specify the IP address
92. nd configuration files from a remote location by storing them on the BootP server This option greatly simplifies the management of remote routers by allowing you to keep the startup files up to date in a single location the BootP server 1 16 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Understanding Tools and Options e Minimize the need to maintain the router s local file system When the an AN ANH or ARN router obtains files from a BootP server it stores them in memory not in its file system reducing the need for frequent file system compactions See Using Technician Interface Software or Configuring and Managing Routers Using Site Manager to learn about compacting a file system e Restore a corrupted file system The router s file system resides on an installed flash memory card With Netboot enabled the AN ANH or ARN router can still boot over the network if the local files become corrupted When the router reboots due to a reset or power loss it automatically boots the configuration and image files over the network if it cannot find intact files locally e Obtain application and string files from the BootP server as the router needs them Obtaining these files individually rather than obtaining the entire an exe or arn exe file reduces line costs and the use of flash memory space The Netboot procedure requires the following at initial startup e A communications link between the AN ANH or ARN router and an upstream router over an E
93. nd your hardware installation guide If the configuration file meets your network requirements the router starts bridging and routing traffic Use the Site Manager Statistics Manager and Events Manager tools to verify that the AN ANH or ARN router is routing traffic as specified in the configuration file See Configuring and Managing Routers with Site Manager 1 22 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Chapter 2 Setting Up a UNIX Boot Server To support network booting you need to set up a UNIX workstation on the network to run BootP and TFTP This chapter describes what you need to do at a UNIX workstation to prepare AN ANH and ARN routers for booting over the network Topic Page Setting Up a BootP Server 2 2 Setting Up a TFTP Server 2 9 What to Do Next 2 13 When AN ANH and ARN routers boot over the network they obtain one or more of its startup files from a UNIX server When AN ANH and ARN routers use EZ Install or Netboot the server supplies startup file path names using BootP The routers then retrieve the files using TFTP When AN ANH and ARN routers use Directed Netboot they already know the path names of the files they need and retrieve the files directly from the server using TFTP Complete the appropriate sections of this chapter for the startup option you are configuring To Configure This Startup Option Complete These Sections EZ Install e Setting Up a BootP Server e S
94. nds that you use a modem or terminal console to connect to the router using the Technician Interface If you cable a modem to the AN ANH or ARN router you can dial in and connect to the router remotely This setup provides the same capabilities as an on site console connection Modem communications however are slower Viewing an AN ANH or ARN router error message and entering commands using a modem connection may simplify troubleshooting if you are not at the router site As an alternative you can ask the person at the router site to read the console messages to you and then you can tell that person which commands to enter Displaying Statistics and Error Messages Use the Statistics Manager Quick Get tool or the Technician Interface get command to display the number of BootP and TFTP packets forwarded and dropped for each interface in the path between the AN ANH or ARN router and the BootP server Use the Events Manager or the Technician Interface log command to display the events associated with the interface and the BootP and TFTP protocols For instructions on using the Quick Get tool and the Events Manager see Configuring and Managing Routers with Site Manager For a description of events that appear in the log see Event Messages for Routers For instructions on using the get and log commands see Using Technician Interface Software B 8 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Troubleshooting Network Boot Problems Guidelines for Using Packe
95. network both files must reside on the same host lt TFTP_ Specifies the complete path name of lt image gt or lt config gt on the pathname gt remote server d Reverts to the default values for lt image gt or lt config gt and nullifies any previously specified IP address and path name for the file thus disabling Directed Netboot Examples of Using the bconfig Command 1 Configure the default Netboot procedure Boot from the software image file in local flash memory and use BootP to get the configuration file from the network bconfig d image or bconfig image local bconfig d config or bconfig config network Use Netboot for both the boot image file and the configuration file bconfig image network bconfig config network Use a local configuration file and Directed Netboot to boot the kernel file bconfig image network 21 3 5 62 usr mykernel exe bconfig config local Boot from the local software image file and use Directed Netboot to get the configuration file from the network bconfig image local bconfig config network 21 3 5 62 usr anstartup config Use Directed Netboot for both the boot image file and the configuration file bconfig image network 21 3 5 62 usr mykernel exe bconfig config network 21 3 5 62 usr anstartup config 4 4 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Netboot Client Services Setting the Netboot Interface Configuration This section describes how to use the ifconfig
96. nfiguration file and corresponding router for later reference when configuring network boot options When you name configuration files keep the following restrictions in mind e Nortel Networks recommends that the operational configuration file for each router be named config If a router experiences a power failure it boots from the file named config when power returns However the configuration files that you save on a BootP server for Directed Netboot do not have to be named config because you specify the configuration file path name see the description of the Site Manager parameter Boot Config Pathname on page A 3 e Configuration file names must begin with an alphabetic character The remaining characters must be alphanumeric and can include an underscore _ You cannot use spaces e Configuration file names can consist of 1 to 15 characters including a dot Nortel Networks recommends that you limit file names to 8 characters to ensure that all supported operating systems can recognize the names e Configuration file name extensions are optional and must follow a file name and a dot Nortel Networks recommends that you limit file name extensions to three characters e BootP allows a maximum of 49 characters in a path name including slashes file name optional dot and file name extension 3 If the BootP server and Site Manager do not reside on the same workstation transfer the configuration files to the BootP server
97. ng reduces the time it takes to boot the router and eliminates using network resources to obtain the image Set to Enable if e You want the router to obtain the image from a BootP server and you have already set up the network to support BootP e You are upgrading the image on several routers The routers can then boot using a single image on the BootP server Make sure that the directory name in the bootptab file matches the location of the upgraded image before you boot the routers 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 10 1 1 Boot Config From Network Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt Net Boot gt Global Enable Enable Disable Enables or disables retrieval of the configuration file from the BootP server the next time the router starts up Set to Disable if you have already saved the configuration file to the router s flash memory file system and you want to boot using this configuration file This setting reduces the time it takes to boot the router and eliminates using network resources to obtain the configuration file Set to Enable if you want the router to obtain the configuration file from a BootP server and you have already set up the network to support BootP 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 3 2 10 1 2 A 2 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter
98. nt shall remain in full force and effect This Agreement will be governed by the laws of the state of California Should you have any questions concerning this Agreement contact Nortel Networks 4401 Great America Parkway PO Box 58185 Santa Clara California 95054 8185 LICENSEE ACKNOWLEDGES THAT LICENSEE HAS READ THIS AGREEMENT UNDERSTANDS IT AND AGREES TO BE BOUND BY ITS TERMS AND CONDITIONS LICENSEE FURTHER AGREES THAT THIS AGREEMENT IS THE ENTIRE AND EXCLUSIVE AGREEMENT BETWEEN NORTEL NETWORKS AND LICENSEE WHICH SUPERSEDES ALL PRIOR ORAL AND WRITTEN AGREEMENTS AND COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN THE PARTIES PERTAINING TO THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THIS AGREEMENT NO DIFFERENT OR ADDITIONAL TERMS WILL BE ENFORCEABLE AGAINST NORTEL NETWORKS UNLESS NORTEL NETWORKS GIVES ITS EXPRESS WRITTEN CONSENT INCLUDING AN EXPRESS WAIVER OF THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT iv 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Contents Preface Berre TWB ciate eenen en eee ere omer te emer tren tee nner re nT Meer mrt ee rey ote terre mtrreed epertere sr tren XV TE UNS ess cars acc ctaicee cecagenes Ae A RA E AREE AERIS xvi AOOO ad crisessiniiviassiateenieati une Reeds xvii Plane opy Technical Manuals 2cz nis tadesvinas asic bstaiontipetsiouseiuaa Rested TR xix How To AE AD nas cscs see ea ea es vs estes a setae eta tensed E EAA EN XX Chapter 1 Understanding Tools and Options Network Configuration and Management Tools c ccccceeeteeeeeeeeteneeeeeeeeeeeteeeteeeeeee 1 1 Router Si
99. of Quick Start commands in Table C 1 C 14 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Using the Quick Start Local Boot Procedure Table C 1 Quick Start Commands Task Action Details Accept a default value Press Return Your console displays default values in brackets for example E11 Repeat a step for example if you make a mistake Press Control c then type n When you press Control c the script prompts Terminate script y n Typen to return to the beginning of the step so that you can reenter the information Stop the Quick Start procedure Press Control c then type y When you press Control c the script prompts Terminate script y n Typey to terminate the procedure and return to the Technician Interface prompt To restart the Quick Start procedure reboot the router by entering boot 8 Using your completed Quick Start worksheets enter the appropriate network information in response to the prompts The AN ANH or ARN router uses this information to configure interfaces to the network The script prompts you for information in this order e The initial Global Information worksheet information e Specific protocol information e Wide area protocol selection e Specific protocol information e The rest of the Global Information worksheet information After you enter all of the Global Information worksheet and protocol information the script displays a configuration summ
100. on PVC 31 The upstream router determines the DLCI refers to DLCI 31 in the BootP client interface table finds the IP address and sends a BootP response containing the IP address back to PVC 31 308614 14 20 Rev 00 1 7 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Circuit containing PVC 31 32 33 for virtual connections to the three routers AN ANH ARN Booting router 2 Booting router 3 EN PVC 32 PVC 31 PVC 33 Frame Relay Key BOOTP request lt ___ BOOTP response BOOTP Client Interface Table DLCI 31 192 32 1 2 DLCI 32 192 32 1 3 DLCI 33 192 32 1 4 Figure 1 2 Upstream router NPAO0002A Requesting an IP Address from the BootP Server Group Access PVC The upstream router sends the IP address and subnet mask to the AN ANH or ARN router in a BootP response message The AN ANH or ARN router assigns the IP address and subnet mask to any serial interface that receives a BootP response The AN ANH or ARN router stores these IP addresses along with the IP address of the next hop router in RAM If more than one serial interface receives a BootP response the AN ANH or ARN router assigns an IP address to each interface 1 8 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Understanding Tools and Options Obtaining the Kernel and Configuration Files With a known IP address an AN ANH and ARN router can obtain its operating system kerne
101. on Sun Workstations Depending on the operating system you use Nortel Networks may or may not ship BootPD with the Site Manager package 2 2 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Setting Up a UNIX Boot Server The AIX and HP UX operating systems include BootPD SunOS and Solaris do not include BootPD so Site Manager automatically installs BootPD on Sun workstations running these operating systems Copy the bootpd file to the etc directory as follows 1 Log in to the UNIX workstation as root 2 Enter the following command cp usr wf bin bootpd etc Setting Up BootPD to Run To configure your workstation to run BootPD when it receives a BootP request packet 1 As root use a text editor to open the etc inetd conf file 2 Make sure that no other line in the file begins with bootps If there is such a line your workstation is already configured as a BootP server Comment out this line by typing a pound sign at the beginning of the line so that the server will use the BootPD program that you specify in the next step 3 Insert the following line anywhere in the file to configure your workstation as a BootP server bootps dgram udp wait root etc bootpd bootpd 4 Save and exit the file Setting Up BootPD to Respond to AN ANH and ARN Routers When the operating system receives a BootP request packet it starts BootPD BootPD matches the source IP address of the packet to an IP address in its BootP table bootptab file to determine
102. onfigure another interface type y to return to step 6 12 At the Technician Interface prompt enter logout to exit the Technician Interface After the router creates and tests the configuration it starts using the information you entered to bridge and route traffic To configure the router interfaces using Site Manager see Configuring and Managing Routers with Site Manager 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Symbols etc inetd conf file 2 9 2 10 etc services file 2 2 tftpboot directory 2 10 usr wf config directory 2 4 A acronyms XV address See IP address AIX operating system BootPD 2 3 TFTPD 2 9 AN monitor boot process and 4 2 B 20 defined 1 2 4 2 logging in to 4 2 using 4 2 B 20 an exe file B 20 analyzing packets on a router B 9 on the BootP server B 9 ANH 12 port 5 4 B 20 8 port 5 3 repeater ports enabling 5 2 managing 5 1 resetting and testing 5 5 A 9 application files generating 3 6 applications troubleshooting B 5 arn exe file 1 3 B 20 automated addressing See IP address 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Index bconfig command examples 4 4 format 4 3 bf boot file tag in bootptab file 2 6 boot file tag 2 6 from AN Monitor B 20 getcfg command display 4 10 B 11 image defined 4 3 interrupting 4 2 Local Boot C 14 options 1 3 process 1 5 size tag 2 6 while writing to a file B 18 Boot Config From Network parameter 3 7 A 2 Boot Config Pathname p
103. oots the configured with the flash only software image files in local flash high level data link memory memory then obtains its control HDLC or frame card configuration file from a remote relay protocol workstation on a frame relay e BootP server that network that is configured as a contains the Bootstrap Protocol BootP server configuration file The router saves the configuration file to the flash memory card for future use Netboot Local Local The router obtains at least one e Management console or or startup file from a remote e BootP server that Network Network workstation that is configured as a contains at least one BootP server startup file e Connection over a frame relay or HDLC serial or DSU CSU Ethernet or token ring ARN only interface Directed Local Local The router obtains at least one e Management console Netboot or or startup file from a remote e TFTP server that Network Network workstation that is configured as a contains at least one Trivial File Transfer Protocol startup file TFTP server You must specify e Connection over a the IP address of the TFTP server frame relay or HDLC and the complete path to the serial or DSU CSU startup file s before booting Ethernet or token ring ARN only interface Local Boot Local Local The router boots from the software e Management console image and generic startup e Installed flash memory configuration files stored in flash card that contains the memory You create a
104. ot disrupt traffic flow Resetting a repeater port does disrupt traffic flow however it does not affect the management counters defined in the RFC 1516 MIB specification 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Appendix A Site Manager Parameters This appendix contains reference information for the Site Manager remote access parameters Topic Page Netboot and Directed Netboot Parameters A 2 Netboot Interface Parameters A 4 BootP Relay Agent Interface Parameters A 7 BootP Client Interface Address Parameters A 8 Repeater Port Group Parameters A 9 For each parameter this appendix provides the following information Parameter name Configuration Manager menu path Default setting Valid parameter options Parameter function Instructions for setting the parameter MIB object ID 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Netboot and Directed Netboot Parameters Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Boot Image From Network Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt Net Boot gt Global Disable Enable Disable Enables or disables retrieval of the boot image from the BootP server the next time the router starts up Set to Disable if you want to boot using the image in the router s local file system This setti
105. p environment or in an environment using routing protocols such as RIP where minor routing update delays may extend the time it takes to Netboot Editing the etc inetd conf File Insert the following line in the etc inetd conf file to set up a static route route add lt destination gt lt gateway gt lt hops gt destination is the IP address of the router or its network 308614 14 20 Rev 00 2 11 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers gateway is the IP address of the network destination to which packets will be addressed hops is the number of hops to the network destination Verifying the Routes After adding a static route for each path to an AN ANH or ARN router enter the following command to display the routing table and verify the routes you added netstat r Loading the Changes into Memory Once you modify the etc inetd conf file you must force the operating system to reread it by rebooting the workstation or by issuing a hang up signal In most cases reboot the workstation Issue a hang up signal if the workstation is performing a task that you do not want to interrupt Rebooting Your Workstation To reboot your workstation 1 Log in as root 2 Enter the following command the r flag reboots the workstation etc shutdown now r Issuing a Hang Up Signal To issue a hang up signal 1 Log in as root 2 Enter the following command to hang up on the inetd process ps a
106. p to 20 PVCs for a single Frame Relay interface on the upstream router If you have more than 20 PVCs on the Frame Relay interface the EZ Install process may fail To ensure that the process does not fail configure a maximum of 20 PVCs for a Frame Relay interface If the AN ANH or ARN router or an upstream router will have small routing or forwarding tables you can increase performance by reducing the local memory allocation and allocating more global memory If the AN ANH or ARN router or an upstream router will have large forwarding tables for example more than 500 servers you might want to increase the local memory allocation 308614 14 20 Rev 00 B 19 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Implementation Notes This section contains notes for operating an AN ANH or ARN router at a remote site e If you use TFTP to upgrade or restore the router s file system be sure to specify the software image file an exe for the AN ANH or arn exe for the ARN e Nortel Networks supports BootP service on UNIX workstations but not PCs If you want to netboot and you are using a PC as your Site Manager workstation transfer the files you want to netboot from the PC to a UNIX workstation and configure the workstation as a BootP server e Onan AN ANH or ARN router you cannot use EZ Install or Netboot directly from a FDDI interface On an AN ANH router you cannot use EZ Install or Netboot directly from a token ring
107. plication or disclosure by the U S Government is subject to the restrictions set forth in subparagraph c 1 of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause of FAR 52 227 19 and the limitations set out in this license for civilian agencies and subparagraph c 1 ii of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause of DFARS 252 227 7013 for agencies of the Department of Defense or their successors whichever is applicable 6 Use of Software in the European Community This provision applies to all Software acquired for use within the European Community If Licensee uses the Software within a country in the European Community the Software Directive enacted by the Council of European Communities Directive dated 14 May 1991 will apply to the examination of the Software to facilitate interoperability Licensee agrees to notify Nortel Networks of any such intended examination of the Software and may procure support and assistance from Nortel Networks 7 Term and termination This license is effective until terminated however all of the restrictions with respect to Nortel Networks copyright in the Software and user manuals will cease being effective at the date of expiration of the Nortel Networks copyright those restrictions relating to use and disclosure of Nortel Networks confidential information shall continue in effect Licensee may terminate this license at any time The license will automatically terminate if Lic
108. pond or is failing to forward the kernel configuration application or string files Verify the BootP server setup as follows 1 Ensure that the kernel file and all of the application exe files are in the same directory You can place these files in any directory you want The Image Builder automatically generates the kernel file and application files when you open the software image file By default the Image Builder stores these files for the AN ANH in the SHOMEZ builder_dir rel lt rel gt an directory where lt rel gt is the current BayRS release for the AN ANH The default directory for the ARN is HOME builder_dir rel lt rel gt arn where lt rel gt is the current BayRS release for the ARN For example Version 6 0 of the Image Builder stores the Version 12 00 files for an ARN in the SHOMEZ builder_dir rel12 00 arn directory Ensure that the router extracts the kernel file and all of the application and string files from the same software image file If these files are from different software versions the router may fail to boot or may not operate properly Ensure that the bootptab file is in the etc directory Ensure that the bootptab file for an AN ANH contains the following entries general hd SHOME builder_dir rel lt rel gt an bf krnl_an exe bs auto vm rfc1048 The bootptab file for an ARN should contain these entries general hd SHOME builder_dir rel lt rel gt arn
109. possible settings for Ethernet connectors are as follows e None the default setting e The IP address with subnet mask and next hop IP address if you configured one The possible settings for token ring connectors are as follows e None the default setting e The IP address with subnet mask ring speed option and next hop address if you configured one See Chapter 4 for instructions on using the ifconfig and bconfig commands to change the parameter settings Debugging the BootP Server Debug the BootP server as follows 1 Enter the following command at the UNIX command line bootpd d d amp The bootpd debugger tool reads the etc bootptab file and generates the etc bootpd dmp file The etc bootpd dmp file contains the portion of the etc bootptab file that the bootpd debugger could read successfully The debugger displays messages such as the following 1 12914 hostname etc gt reading etc bootptab read 19 entries from etc bootptab dumped 19 entries to etc bootpd dump 2 Compare the bootptab file with the bootpd dmp file If the bootpd dmp file is truncated or is otherwise different from the bootptab file BootPD may have encountered a syntax error Find the inconsistency in the two files 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Troubleshooting Network Boot Problems 3 Compare the bootptab file with the sample bootptab file in Chapter 2 see Figure 2 1 on page 2 8 and correct any inconsistency 4 If you canno
110. r a Kernel File Name ccceccecseeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeaees 2 6 Providing TFTP Access to All Directories ssissmirisisisiiriesessickeriisiiureneanonis 2 9 Restricting TFTP Access to Specified Directories n 2 10 Configuration Manager Module Names for AN and ANH 0 0 008 3 3 ARN Base Module Configurations cscicicesscctaiwetssciertrececiaiiecepsacctonccantiveenes 3 3 ARN Expansion Module Configurations ccccecsseeeeeeeeeeeeseneeeeenees 3 4 ARN Adapter Module Configurations cccccceeeeeeeeseceeeseeeeeeeeeteaeees 3 4 bgontig Command OOS sets cccssvess obec eddies eenean ana eaea 4 3 ifconfig Command Options for a Serial Interface n 4 6 ifconfig Command Options for an Ethernet Interface ccceeeeeeee 4 7 ifconfig Command Options for an ARN Token Ring Interface 4 8 UR Se e e ai is cee eres dee ees antag ade hceeea mann E A ET B 13 E e ED E e e E E diay C 15 308614 14 20 Rev 00 xi Preface This guide describes connecting a Nortel Networks Access Node AN Access Node Hub ANH or Passport Advanced Remote Node ARN router to a managed network Before You Begin Before using this guide you or the person responsible at the router site must install the router hardware as described in one of the following guides Installing and Operating AN and ANH Systems e Installing and Operating AN DC and ANH S8 DC Systems Installing an
111. r command line Then complete the appropriate sections of this chapter for the AN ANH or ARN router s startup configuration For This Startup Configuration Complete These Sections Netboot or Directed Netboot over a e Setting the Boot Configuration serial interface e Configuring a Serial Interface for Network Booting Netboot or Directed Netboot overan e Setting the Boot Configuration Ethernet interface e Configuring an Ethernet Interface for Network Booting Netboot or Directed Netboot of an ARN over a token ring interface Setting the Boot Configuration Configuring an ARN Token Ring Interface for Network Booting 308614 14 20 Rev 00 4 1 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Using Netboot Configuration Commands This chapter provides instructions for using the ifconfig bconfig and getcfg commands to configure Netboot and Directed Netboot If you are not configuring the router yourself you can determine the appropriate syntax for these commands and provide the person at the router site with the exact command lines to use To access a router command line you need a management console connection to the router With a terminal or modem console connection you can view router diagnostic messages and use the ifconfig and beonfig commands to configure Netboot and Directed Netboot You use getcfg to verify a configuration To display a command line login prompt you ca
112. registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners Restricted Rights Legend Use duplication or disclosure by the United States Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph c 1 ii of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252 227 7013 Notwithstanding any other license agreement that may pertain to or accompany the delivery of this computer software the rights of the United States Government regarding its use reproduction and disclosure are as set forth in the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52 227 19 Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design operational function and or reliability Nortel Networks NA Inc reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice Nortel Networks NA Inc does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product s or circuit layout s described herein Portions of the code in this software product may be Copyright 1988 Regents of the University of California All rights reserved Redistribution and use in source and binary forms of such portions are permitted provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation advertising materials and other materials related to such
113. rface Number of seconds 1 120 3 Enter the maximum number of seconds between the transmission of LQR packets For LQR only Enter inbound success rate Enter the minimum acceptable percentage 1 100 90 success rate percentage of packets transmitted by the peer router and received on this interface over the last five LQR periods Enter outbound success rate Enter the minimum acceptable percentage 1 100 90 success rate percentage of packets transmitted by this interface and received by the peer router over the last five LQR periods C 12 308614 14 20 Rev 00 SMDS Worksheet Using the Quick Start Local Boot Procedure Requested Information Options Your Response Enter 10 digit individual address Enter 10 digit group address Enter the individual address assigned by your SMDS service provider Enter the group address assigned by your SMDS service provider Enter 10 digit arp address Enter the Address Resolution Protocol ARP address assigned by your SMDS service provider Running the Quick Start Script To quick start an AN ANH or ARN router you run the install bat AN ANH or inst_arn bat ARN Technician Interface script and respond to the prompts The router automatically selects options for some prompts and you can accept default values for many of the other prompts You run the script as part of the Local Boot process
114. rocedure The Quick Start procedure connects a new AN ANH or ARN router to a managed network using the Local Boot option and a default configuration file If you have read Chapter 1 and want to use Quick Start to connect an AN ANH or ARN router to Site Manager for the first time use the worksheets in this appendix to gather the network information required to complete the procedure Be sure to fill out the worksheets before you begin the Quick Start procedure Topic Page What Is Quick Start C 2 Using the Worksheets C 2 Running the Quick Start Script C 13 Note The worksheets in this appendix apply only to AN ANH and ARN routers See Quick Starting Routers for all other Nortel Networks routers 308614 14 20 Rev 00 C 1 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers What Is Quick Start The Quick Start procedure is the initial startup configuration which does the following e Enables IP so that the router can connect to Site Manager e Starts a locally booted router running on the network You perform the Quick Start procedure by running the install bat script for an AN ANH or the inst_arn bat script for an ARN and entering information at the prompts The router automatically selects options for some prompts and you can accept default values for many of the other prompts Note The Quick Start procedure for the ARN is nearly identical to the procedure for the AN ANH This
115. rom the BootP Server Group Accesa PYG acsi err tte reece er ere aT eee re 1 8 Figure 1 3 Obtaining the Path Names of the Kernel and Configuration Files 1 9 Figure 1 4 Obtaining the Configuration File ccccecceesceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeseaeees 1 10 Figure 1 5 Obtaining the Kernel File acccesepcyscivcceivasessticuaiaeerperiateninianricensresanstecdanancets 1 11 Figure 1 6 Establishing an IP Network Interface eessseessrssserrrssserrreeserrnnerernnnesenaa 1 12 Figure 2 1 Sample b otptab File sisrsisnssnininnanannenanaan anaana anaia 2 7 Figure 2 1 Sample bootptab File continued sseesseeesieeseeeressreesnsersnsernssrensenns 2 8 Figure 3 1 Enabling BootP Relay in a Sample Network ssssssssssesesesseerrreressreenns 3 11 Figure 5 1 amp Pon ANH Port Status WINDOW iisisnionsisaninis maea 5 3 Figure 5 2 12 Port ANH Port Status WINAOW scicsicisccsccccrsscrsanesvecessteaviniasinnunisccemmense 5 4 Figure C 1 Quick Start IP Configuration Test ississrsiisssiii neneiia C 16 308614 14 20 Rev 00 ix Table 1 1 Table 1 2 Table 2 1 Table 2 2 Table 2 3 Table 2 4 Table 3 1 Table 3 2 Table 3 3 Table 3 4 Table 4 1 Table 4 2 Table 4 3 Table 4 4 Table B 1 Table C 1 Tables Router Sanur Piles ccd ee ee eee 1 3 Summary of Startup Options for AN ANH and ARN Routers 0 1 4 BootPD Tags for a Router Host NAME scccctsticcctsccsmessctenmwerearnerceceomes 2 5 BootPD Tags fo
116. se Nortel Networks further warrants to Licensee that the media on which the Software is provided will be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use for a period of 90 days from the date Software is first shipped to Licensee Nortel Networks will replace defective media at no charge if it is returned to Nortel Networks during the warranty period along with proof of the date of shipment This warranty does not apply if the media has been damaged as a result of accident misuse or abuse The Licensee assumes all responsibility for selection of the Software to achieve Licensee s intended results and for the installation use and results obtained from the Software Nortel Networks does not warrant a that the functions contained in the software will meet the Licensee s requirements b that the Software will operate in the hardware or software combinations that the Licensee may select c that the operation of the Software will be uninterrupted or error free or d that all defects in the operation of the Software will be corrected Nortel Networks is not obligated to remedy any Software defect that cannot be reproduced with the latest Software release These warranties do not apply to the Software if it has been i altered except by Nortel Networks or in accordance with its instructions ii used in conjunction with another vendor s product resulting in the defect or iii damaged by improper environment abuse misuse accident or
117. son at the AN ANH or ARN router site boots the router See the hardware installation guide The AN ANH or ARN router obtains one or more startup files from the TFTP server If the configuration file meets your network requirements the router starts bridging and routing traffic 8 Use the Site Manager Statistics Manager and Events Manager tools to verify that the AN ANH or ARN router is routing traffic as specified in the configuration file See Configuring and Managing Routers with Site Manager 308614 14 20 Rev 00 1 21 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Local Boot Complete the following steps for the Local Boot option 1 2 Complete the Quick Start configuration worksheets See Appendix C The person at the AN ANH or ARN router site establishes a Technician Interface session or you establish a session using a modem See the hardware installation guide If you are not at the router console provide the person at the console with the information in the configuration worksheets The hardware installation guide contains duplicate worksheets See Appendix C The person at the router console runs the installation script install bat for the AN ANH and inst_arn bat for the ARN using the information provided in the worksheets you completed in step 1 See Appendix C and your hardware installation guide The installation script records the responses in a configuration file See Appendix C a
118. t Capture Use the Packet Capture utility to view incoming or outgoing BootP or TFTP packets and isolate errors to a specific router interface This utility is available through the Technician Interface on routers running BayRS Version 7 80 or later See Using Technician Interface Software for instructions on how to use Packet Capture See Configuring SNMP BootP DHCP and RARP Services for a description of BootP packets Note The instructions that follow assume that BayRS Version 7 80 or later is running on all routers in the path between the AN ANH or ARN router and the BootP server Use Packet Capture as follows 1 Test the BootP server s next hop router in the path to the AN ANH or ARN router 2 Test the upstream router s interface to the AN ANH or ARN router 3 Test the upstream router s interface to the next hop router 4 Test the interfaces that receive and forward the BootP and TFTP packets of the routers between the AN ANH or ARN router and the next hop router 5 Continue testing each router in the path until you isolate the problem interface Guidelines for Using a LAN Protocol Analyzer See the following guidelines when you use a LAN protocol analyzer e If the netboot is failing connect the analyzer to the BootP server interface to determine whether it is receiving and responding to BootP and TFTP requests To read the ASCII translation view the BootP reply packets for the configuration file path nam
119. t Receiving BootP Requests If the upstream router is not receiving BootP requests do the following 1 Issue the Technician Interface getcfg command to display the router parameters and the bconfig or ifconfig command to correct them if necessary For instructions see Displaying Parameter Settings on page B 10 and Debugging the BootP Server on page B 12 2 Ensure that the router s netboot interface is cabled properly For EZ Install ensure that the synchronous port is cabled to the upstream router For Netboot or Directed Netboot ensure that the configured synchronous Ethernet or ARN token ring interface is cabled to the IP network 308614 14 20 Rev 00 B 3 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Router Not Sending BootP Responses If a router between the AN ANH or ARN router and the BootP server is receiving BootP requests but is failing to send BootP responses do the following 1 Use Site Manager to ensure that the BootP relay agent forwarding table associated with the router shows an IP address that is configured on the IP router 2 Ensure that the input IP address is correct If the Hops count is lower than the router s position in the path increase the Hops count For instructions see Creating the BootP Client Interface Table on page 3 14 3 Use the Configuration Manager to ensure that BootP and IP are enabled on the incoming and outgoing interfaces 4 Ensure that
120. t find an inconsistency boot the router and view the bootpd debugger messages to determine the cause of the error Table B 1 provides an example of the sequence of messages when a BootP exchange is successful Table B 1 BootP Messages Message Explanation hostname etc gt request from IP The UNIX host name the path etc of the addr 192 16 24 12 bootptab file and the IP address of the AN found 192 16 24 12 AN Boston The IP address 192 16 24 12 mapped to the host name AN Boston in the bootptab file bootfile2 SHOME builder_dir The path name of the kernel file as rel1200 an krnl_an exe specified in the bootptab file couldn t access SHOME Disregard this message The BootP server builder_dir rel1200 an tries to access the host by both its name krnl_an exe AN Boston and IP address The couldn t access message means that the server tried to access a host named AN Boston but failed because the AN is not named The attempt to access the AN by its IP address succeeds as you can infer from the last message vendor magic field is Disregard this message 99 130 83 99 sending RFC1048 style reply The BootP server is sending a BootP response in compliance with RFC 1048 308614 14 20 Rev 00 B 13 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Verifying the BootP Server Setup This section describes what to do if the BootP server is receiving BootP requests but is failing to res
121. t find the bootptab file in etc Editing the bootptab File Specify a hostname definition in the bootptab file for each AN ANH or ARN router in your network The format of each definition in the bootptab file is as follows lt hostname gt lt tg gt lt value gt lt tg gt lt value gt lt tg gt lt value gt 2 4 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Setting Up a UNIX Boot Server hostname is a name you assign to a BootP client each AN ANH or ARN router is a client Each hostname definition must Contain a maximum of 79 characters Contain alphanumeric characters and an alphabetic first character Not contain an underscore _ You can use a dot to separate characters but the character immediately following the dot must be alphabetic tg is a BootP parameter name tag Follow each tag with an equals sign and a value A pound sign at the beginning of a line indicates a comment e A backslash at the end of a line indicates continuation of the line Note Make sure you type a backslash not a slash at the end of each line that does not conclude a definition Table 2 1 lists the BootPD tags for router host names Table 2 2 lists the BootPD tags for kernel file names Table 2 1 BootPD Tags for a Router Host Name Required or Tag Optional Value Example ip Required IP address the host IP address ip 192 32 5 2 of the router sm Optional Subnet mask
122. t the AN ANH or ARN router console indicates that the router failed to get an IP address from the upstream router or that the upstream router is unable to receive BootP requests ensure that the network cable between the AN ANH or ARN router s synchronous port and the upstream router is firmly connected Then refer to the instructions in one of the following sections to find and correct the problem e Upstream Router Not Receiving BootP Requests e Upstream Router Not Sending BootP Responses If you follow the instructions in these sections and cannot find and correct the problem contact the Nortel Networks Technical Solutions Center Upstream Router Not Receiving BootP Requests If the upstream router is not receiving BootP requests use the getcfg command to display the router parameters and the bconfig and ifconfig commands to correct them if necessary For instructions see Displaying Parameter Settings on page B 10 and Debugging the BootP Server on page B 12 Upstream Router Not Sending BootP Responses If the upstream router is receiving BootP requests but is failing to send BootP responses use Site Manager to verify the following e The upstream router s interface to the AN ANH or ARN router is enabled e BootP is enabled on the circuit connecting the AN ANH or ARN router to the upstream router e The upstream router s link modules and drivers are loaded e IP is enabled on the upstream router e BootP
123. terfaces Boot Options boot image local boot config network Netboot Parameters MAU1 None XCVR2 None COM1 EZ Install COM2 EZ Install COM3 EZ Install COM4 EZ Install COM5 EZ Install 4 10 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Netboot Client Services What to Do Next You can now boot the AN ANH or ARN router over the network assuming that you have done the following e Configured a UNIX workstation to support network booting as described in Chapter 2 e Prepared configuration and boot image files and placed them in the appropriate locations for your boot configuration as described in Chapter 3 Whenever you boot the router it should start routing traffic as specified in the configuration file it obtains from the BootP server To determine whether the AN ANH or ARN router is routing traffic use the Site Manager Statistics Manager tool to view traffic statistics and the Events Manager tool to view the event log For instructions on using these tools see Configuring and Managing Routers with Site Manager If the AN ANH or ARN router does not start routing traffic after booting see Appendix B Troubleshooting Network Boot Problems 308614 14 20 Rev 00 4 11 Chapter 5 Managing ANH Repeater Ports This chapter describes how you use Site Manager to manage ANH repeater ports Topic Page Enabling and Disabling ANH Repeater Ports 5 2 Testing and Resetting ANH Repeater Por
124. ternal Enter clock speed number 10 This prompt appears only if you chose an internal clock source The script lists a range of values with 64K as the default S Enter circuit name The script displays a default circuit name for the COM interface you selected for example 11 for COM1 and S12 for COM2 Press the Return key Enter IP address in dotted decimal notation Enter the IP address for the COM interface Enter IP subnetwork mask Enter the subnet mask for the COM interface 1 number Proprietary Frame Relay Point to Point Protocol PPP Standard 4 Switched Multimegabit Data Service SMDS on in dotted decimal IP address notation Is the router connected y es Press the Return key to the same local area n o network as the Site Manager workstation y n nl Enter routing protocol 1 RIP Complete the worksheet number 1 2 OSPF for the protocol you select 3 Static Route to Site Manager Enter wide area protocol 1 Nortel Networks Point to Point Protocol Complete the worksheet for the protocol you select number 1 Do you wish to set y es SNMP community n o management y n nl Setting up SNMP community management is optional Enter TFTP volume The script automatically selects 1 as the TFTP default volume Do you want to enable FTP y n n y es n o Enabling FTP is optional
125. th lt interface gt Provide this address in dotted decimal notation lt subnet_mask gt Specifies the IP subnet mask of the interface you set with lt interface gt Provide this address in dotted decimal notation lt next_hop_ address gt Specifies the IP address of the next hop router Provide this address in dotted decimal notation Specify this address only if there are intermediate routers between the AN ANH or ARN router and the BootP server 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Netboot Client Services Configuring an Ethernet Interface for Network Booting To configure an Ethernet interface for network booting enter the following command at the Technician Interface or AN Monitor prompt Note The Ethernet interface must be configured with IP to support netboot options ifconfig d lt interface gt lt P_address gt lt subnet_mask gt lt next_hop_address gt Table 4 3 describes the ifconfig command options for configuring the Ethernet interface on an AN ANH or ARN router Table 4 3 Option ifconfig Command Options for an Ethernet Interface Description d Resets the router s IP interface options to the default values Resetting an Ethernet interface makes it inactive in the network booting process The output of the getcfg command shows the default as None lt interface gt Specifies the IP connector you are configuring Use the format xevr lt port_no gt
126. the EZ Install process AN ANH and ARN routers obtain its IP address as follows 1 When you turn on the router it runs a set of diagnostic tests 2 The router sends a BootP request to the upstream router for an IP address and subnet mask 308614 14 20 Rev 00 1 5 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers The router sends the BootP request through all serial ports at approximately the same time using the following protocols e Nortel Networks Standard Point to Point Protocol PPP using high level data link control HDLC encapsulation e Frame Relay Annex D e Frame Relay Local Management Interface LMI e Frame Relay Annex A Note The upstream router must have a circuit running Nortel Networks Standard PPP using HDLC or a frame relay permanent virtual circuit PVC If the AN ANH and ARN router does not receive a response to the first BootP request it issues a second request If the AN ANH or ARN router does not receive a response in approximately four minutes it boots the image and configuration files in its local file system as described in Local Boot Process on page 1 12 The first interface on the upstream router to receive the BootP request responds The upstream router obtains the IP address of the AN ANH or ARN router s serial interface The protocol configuration of the upstream router determines whether it calculates or requests the IP address as follows A frame relay PVC in
127. the link modules and drivers are enabled For instructions see Configuring and Managing Routers with Site Manager BootP Server Not Sending BootP Responses If the BootP server is receiving BootP requests but is failing to respond to them do the following 1 Follow the instructions in Displaying the BootP Server IP Routes on page B 15 2 Follow the instructions in Debugging the BootP Server on page B 12 3 Ensure that the etc inetd conf file contains no more than one bootps entry If there is more than one entry comment out the invalid entry The valid entry is as follows bootps dgram udp wait root etc bootpd bootpd 4 Ensure that the tftp dgram entry in the etc inetd conf file is correct for your system For instructions see Setting Up a TFTP Server on page 2 9 5 See Verifying the BootP Server Setup on page B 14 B 4 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Troubleshooting Network Boot Problems Router Fails to Perform Directed Netboot If the AN ANH or ARN router fails to perform Directed Netboot verify the following e The interface that connects the router to the TFTP file server is configured with an IP address e All required files reside on the TFTP file server e The boot image file is krnl_an exe for an AN ANH or krnl_arn exe for an ARN Contact the Nortel Networks Technical Solutions Center if you cannot find and correct the problem Router Netboots but Fails to Load Applications
128. thernet HDLC frame relay or token ring ARN only interface e A local console or modem connection with the AN ANH or ARN router e A BootP server that contains the operating system kernel Arnl_arn exe for the ARN or krnl_an exe for the AN ANH or a network configuration file customized for the AN ANH or ARN router e An IP address assigned to the AN ANH or ARN router boot interface Directed Netboot The Directed Netboot procedure requires the following at initial startup e A communications link between the AN ANH or ARN router and an upstream router over an Ethernet HDLC frame relay or token ring ARN only interface e A local console or modem connection with the AN ANH or ARN router 308614 14 20 Rev 00 1 17 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Local Boot e A TFTP server that contains the kernel file krnl_arn exe for the ARN or krnl_an exe for the AN ANH or a network configuration file customized for the AN ANH or ARN router Compared with Netboot Directed Netboot offers the following advantages e Creates less network traffic e Is generally faster Directed Netboot is usually reserved for starting AN ANH and ARN routers after the initial startup because you need to know the exact location of the startup files During Directed Netboot AN ANH and ARN routers transfer files from a TFTP server directly bypassing negotiation with a BootP server for the IP address and path names of the startup
129. tion Protocol Request for Comments Routing Information Protocol remote monitoring System Administration Manager single in line memory module switched multimegabit data service System Management Interface Tool Simple Network Management Protocol shielded twisted pair Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol Telecommunication network Trivial File Transfer Protocol Trivial File Transfer Protocol Daemon User Datagram Protocol wide area network Hard Copy Technical Manuals You can print selected technical manuals and release notes free directly from the Internet Go to the support baynetworks com library tpubs URL Find the product for which you need documentation Then locate the specific category and model or version for your hardware or software product Use Adobe Acrobat Reader to open the manuals and release notes search for the sections you need and print them on most standard printers Go to Adobe Systems at www adobe com to download a free copy of Acrobat Reader You can purchase selected documentation sets CDs and technical publications through the Internet at the www1 fatbrain com documentation nortel URL 308614 14 20 Rev 00 xvii Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers How to Get Help If you purchased a service contract for your Nortel Networks product from a distributor or authorized reseller contact the technical support staff for that distributor or reseller for assistance
130. tion contains more information that applies to BOOTP transmissions to AN Boston tc general This is the active definition for the AN we are naming AN Chicago AN Chicago ip 10 0 0 4 T130 0x0004 T129 rte3 cfg AN Chic cfg tc general Figure 2 1 Sample bootptab File continued 2 8 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Setting Up a UNIX Boot Server Setting Up a TFTP Server AN ANH and ARN routers need a network connection to a TFTP server to complete EZ Install Netboot or Directed Netboot You configure a UNIX workstation as a TFTP server by e Setting up the TFTP daemon TFTPD to provide TFTP access e Setting up static routes to AN ANH and ARN routers optional e Loading the changes into memory Setting Up TFTPD When you set up the TFTPD server on a UNIX workstation you can allow TFTP access to the root directory and any subdirectory or restrict TFTP access to a specified directory or path name Allowing TFTP access to all directories is the simpler procedure Specifying a directory provides security but requires either keeping the startup files in the specified directory or creating a link to each path name Providing TFTP Access to All Directories To provide TFTP access to files in the root directory and all subdirectories insert the appropriate line for your operating system in the etc inetd conf file Find the sample line for your operating system in Table 2 3 Table 2 3
131. to 1007 PPP Worksheet Prompt Enter Remote IP address in dotted decimal notation Options Enter the IP address of the peer connection Your Response Do you wish to turn on the PPP y es echo function y n n n o Enable PAP Password y es Authentication Protocol n o y n nl Note If you answer y es the script requests a PAP ID and password for this interface If you answer n o it prompts you to enable CHAP continued 308614 14 20 Rev 00 C 11 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers PPP Worksheet continued Protocol y n n Note If you answer y es the script requests a CHAP secret for this interface Prompt Options Your Response Enable CHAP Challenge y es Handshake Authentication n o Does the Remote Peer have PAP authentication enabled y n n y es n o Note If you answer y es the script requests the PAP ID and password for the remote interface Enable the LQR Reporting y n n Link Quality Protocol y es n o See Configuring PPP Services for information about the Link Quality Reporting LQR protocol and LQR packets Enable use of the Remote Peer router s LOR Timer y n yl For LQR only y es n o Type y if the remote peer router maintains its own LQR timer for this interface Type n if the router is responsible for maintaining the timer for this inte
132. transfer NPA0004A Figure 1 4 Obtaining the Configuration File 6 The router sends a TFTP request for the kernel file 7 The BootP server uses TFTP to transfer the kernel file Figure 1 5 1 10 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Understanding Tools and Options AN ANH ARN Kernel lt Corporate backbone Upstream router BOOTP server Key gt TFTP request lt TFTP transfer NPA0005A Figure 1 5 Obtaining the Kernel File 8 The router boots the kernel 9 The router uses TFTP to obtain application and string files as it needs them 10 The router begins bridging and routing network traffic as specified in the configuration file The AN ANH or ARN router can continue to request files even after it begins bridging and routing traffic If a failure occurs in steps 1 through 8 the AN ANH or ARN router attempts to boot locally 308614 14 20 Rev 00 1 11 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Local Boot Process When the AN ANH and ARN routers boot locally they read the kernel application and string files embedded in the an exe or arn exe software image file on the local PCMCIA flash memory card When you use Local Boot as the initial boot option you boot a default generic configuration file You must then run the Quick Start installation script to customize the default configuration file Running the installation script establishes
133. ts 5 5 5 1 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Enabling and Disabling ANH Repeater Ports You can use Site Manager to enable or disable the ANH repeater ports Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Site Manager main window choose Tools The Tools menu opens 2 Choose Configuration Manager The Configuration Manager menu opens 3 Choose Dynamic The Configuration Manager window opens displaying the real time router hardware and software configuration 4 Choose Platform 5 Choose Setup Repeater The Platform menu opens The Setup Repeater menu opens 6 Choose Port Status The Port Status window opens allowing you to enable or disable the ports on the router Figure 5 1 shows the Port Status window for the 8 port ANH Figure 5 2 shows the Port Status window for the 12 port ANH To change the status of a port click on Enabled or Disabled to the right of the port number Click on OK Site Manager closes the Port Status window and saves your changes 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Managing ANH Repeater Ports Port Status gt SHOT ST SWS TST SHS Figure 5 1 8 Port ANH Port Status Window Note Port 9 is the Ethernet AUI from the ANH baseboard to the repeater To disable the Ethernet circuit click on Disabled for port 9 308614 14
134. ut parameter A 7 obtaining automatically 1 5 options for obtaining EZ Install 1 5 4 5 Local Boot 1 12 Netboot or Directed Netboot 4 5 output parameter A 7 tag 2 5 IP Address parameter 3 15 A 8 IP interface Ethernet address settings 4 7 4 8 connector setting 4 8 synchronous connector setting 4 6 4 7 default settings 4 6 IP routes changing 2 11 displaying B 15 ip tag in bootptab file 2 5 K kernel files 1 3 krnl_an exe file description 1 3 generating 3 6 specifying instead of an exe file B 3 upgrading B 17 verifying as boot image B 3 krnl_arn exe file description 1 3 generating 3 6 specifying instead of arn exe file B 3 upgrading B 17 verifying as boot image B 3 Index 4 L LAN protocol analyzer B 9 line usage minimizing bandwidth 1 18 cost 1 17 linking BootPD and TFTPD 2 10 LMI Frame Relay 4 6 Local Boot and Quick Start C 13 description 1 3 initial startup option 1 22 using C 1 local file system mounting C 13 viewing C 14 log command B 8 login procedures 4 2 M memory allocation hints B 19 preventing saturation 1 17 minimizing cost of line usage 1 17 N naming configuration files 3 5 Netboot adding an interface for 3 8 to 3 9 A 6 bconfig command 4 1 configuring 2 1 3 1 4 1 description 1 4 global parameters editing 3 6 A 3 requirements 1 4 troubleshooting B 3 to B 5 netstat command 2 12 B 15 network analyzer B 9 next hop router
135. uter B 18 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Troubleshooting Network Boot Problems Hints and Notes This section contains the following important information Setup Hints Setup Hints Implementation Notes This section contains hints for setting up an AN ANH or ARN router Nortel Networks recommends that you first install an AN ANH or ARN router in the same site as your BootP server Site Manager workstation and other Nortel Networks routers to test the software image configuration file and routing path This test provides you with the startup and troubleshooting experience you need to perform these tasks on routers at remote sites After you perform the test move the test router to the remote location modify the configuration file for that router and set up the new paths After you build and test the remote router configuration file make copies of it on the Site Manager workstation Then modify the copies for each AN ANH or ARN router in your network rather than starting over To avoid mix ups ensure that the file name you assign to each configuration file is unique and meaningful for each router Before you set up the routing paths it may be easier to isolate BootP and TFTP configuration errors on the network if you upgrade all Nortel Networks routers between the AN ANH or ARN routers and the BootP server to Version 7 80 or later If you are using EZ Install over Frame Relay to boot an AN ANH or ARN router you can have u
136. ux grep inetd The system displays a line similar to this one root 148 0 0 0 0 48 0 IW Sept 14 0 07 inetd 308614 14 20 Rev 00 Setting Up a UNIX Boot Server 3 Enter the following command using the first number in the line after the word root in this case 148 kill 1 148 The inetd process rereads the etc inetd conf file What to Do Next Before you can netboot the AN ANH or ARN router complete the steps in Chapter 3 308614 14 20 Rev 00 2 13 Chapter 3 Configuring Netboot Services with Site Manager This chapter describes how to use Site Manager to configure netboot services for AN ANH and ARN routers in the network Topic Page Preparing Configuration and Image Files 2 2 Enabling Netboot or Directed Netboot 3 6 Adding a Netboot or Directed Netboot Interface 3 8 Configuring a Netboot or Directed Netboot Interface 3 9 Setting Up Routing Paths for Netboot 3 10 Creating the BootP Client Interface Table 3 14 Complete the appropriate sections of this chapter for the startup option you are configuring To Configure This Startup Option Complete These Sections EZ Install default e Preparing Configuration and Image Files EZ Install over Frame Relay PVC in group access mode e Preparing Configuration and Image Files e Creating the BootP Client Interface Table Netboot e Enabling Netboot or Directed Netboot e Adding a Net
137. ving BootP Requests ecer B 2 Upstream Router Not Sending BootP Responses eseeeeeeseeeeerrererrrserrees B 2 Rouler Fale to Webel onra vai esd B 3 Upstream Router Not Receiving BootP Requests cccssccceeesssccereeeseenes B 3 308614 14 20 Rev 00 vii Router Not Sending BootP Responses cccccscceseeeceeeeeeeeneeeeeeeetseeeetsaeees B 4 BootP Server Not Sending BootP Responses cccesseeeeeseeeeeeeseneeeeeeaees B 4 Router Fails to Perform Directed Netboot vccecscescasveseccsseirexecoteeavicodemssbeceemaveelienad B 5 Router Netboots but Fails to Load Applications seessesieeeeerieeeeerrserrerrserrensees B 5 Identifying Remote Connectivity Problems ssssssssseseesssnsssressrresrrrssrnssrrnerrnsernneensrnns B 8 Displaying Messages from the Router Console ccccceeseeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeteeaeeeee B 8 Displaying Statistics and Error Messages cccccccececeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeneeeteeaeenens B 8 Guidelines tor Using Packet Capture csciccecssieesccce ocdiecsativentecanicceneeersiameveslione B 9 Guidelines for Using a LAN Protocol Analyzer ccccsccesseeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeaeeteeeeene B 9 Resling Connectivity Pirate GN as2cctdicunsaecivaaxceussteaan eee ani in ana nie B 10 Displaying Parameter SEINGE srren an aaa ERS B 10 Debugging the BootP Server sasidan aa aAa aaea B 12 Verifying the BootP Server Setup xiccsssceeacsssdavcnhassinetsiesaiaceeatsedsasncneeiscaceraed

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