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Edimax ES-516G+ 16 + 2 SFP Module Slots Smart Switch

1. 78 4 3 2 Detailed Stati sti CS 79 4 4 MAINTENANCE 82 4 4 1 Status 82 4 4 1 1 Switch Status 83 4 4 1 2 TP Fiber Ports Statu S 85 4 4 1 3 Aggregation 87 4 4 1 4 VLAN 88 4 4 1 5 Mirror 90 4 4 1 6 Trap Event 91 4 4 1 7 Maximum Packet Length 92 4 4 2 Wam Restart 93 4 4 3 Factory Default 94 4 4 4 Logout 95
2. 9 2 1 2 1 Cabling Requirements for TP Ports 10 2 1 2 2 Cabling Requirements for 1000SX LX SFP Module 10 2 1 2 3 Switch Cascading in Topol ogy 11 2 1 3 Configuring the Management Agent of 16 Gigabit Web Smart Switch 14 2 1 3 1 Configuring Management Agent of 16 Gigabit Web Smart Switch through Ethemet Port 15 2 1 4 IP Address A ssignment 16 2 2 TYPICAL APPLIC ATIONS 21 CHAPTER 3 BASIC CONCEPT AND MANAGEMENT 23 3 1 WHAT S THE ETHERNET 23 3 2 MEDIAACCESS CONTROL MAC 26 3 3 FLOW CONTROL 32 3 4 HOW DOES A SWITCH WORK 35 3 5 VIRTUAL LAN 39 3 6 LINK AGGREGATION 45 CHAPTER 4 OPERATION OF WEB B
3. Setup the port for being monitored Just tick the check box M under the port x and valid port is Port 1 16 Giga Switch le Mirror Setting Configuration fier Packet Lerat Monitoring Apply Patista Creciee Maintenance Sun Saat Lonas Fig 4 12 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 64 User Manual 4 2 8 Quality of Service Configuration The switch offers powerful QoS function This function supports VLAN tagged priority that can make precedence of 8 priorties TOS field of IP header equal DSCP High 3 bits on Layer 3 of network framework 6 kinds of special network transmission events on Layer4 and IP DiffServe QoS service In Quality of Service QoS Configuration there is one option named Default Class As you had selected one of the four QoS functions then some packets that did not belong to this QoS would be viewed as Default Class For instance if you set QoS function as VLAN Tag Priority mode and then choose Default Class as High finally the priority of the packets with no tag wil be considered as High priority precedence The initial value of the Default Class is High Giga Switch ee Configuration Quality of Service QoS Configuration VLAN Taq Petenity Aasia Cvensens Maintenance Trs Fig 4 13 Function name VLAN Tag Priority Function description In vlan tag there are 3 bits belonging to priority According to these 3 bits
4. User Manual All Traffic for Egress Rate Limiting Set up the limit of Egress bandwidth for the port you choose Packet transmission will be delayed if the rate exceeds the value you set up in Data Rate field Traffic may be lost if egress buffers run full The limited format of the packet indudes unicast broadcast and multicast Valid range is 0 1000 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 75 User Manual 4 2 10 Trap Event Configuration Function name Trap Event Configuration Function description The Trap Events Configuration function is used to enable the Advanced Smart Ethemet Switch to send out the trap information while pre defined trap events occurred Switch management offers 7 different trap events and 2 host to users The message will be sent while users tick MW the trap event individually on the web page shown as below Except Warm Boot and Cold Boot other trap events offer the counter function to help the user see the times that the trap event had happened Parameter description These trap functions are as they describe The traps the switch supports are listed below Boot Wam Boot Cold Boot Login Illegal Login Link Link Up Link Down Tx Rx error Rx error threshold Tx error threshold Giga Switch 088 8888n Trap Events Configuration Configuration Tooo Werte Host Cold Boot ilegal Leal Link Up jo Link Dawn a Ra perer threshal thrash in Aasu citrase Tx errar threshold
5. 80 User Manual Tx 1024 Bytes Number of 1024 max_length byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Rx CRC Alignment Number of Alignment errors and CRC error packets received Rx Undersize Number of short frames lt 64 Bytes with valid CRC Rx Oversize Number of long frames according to max_length register with valid CRC Rx Fragments Number of short frames lt 64 bytes with invalid CRC Rx Jabber Number of long frames according tomax_length register with invalid CRC Rx Drops Frames dropped due to the lack of receiving buffer Tx Collisions Number of collisions transmitting frames experienced Tx Drops Number of frames dropped due to excessive collision late collision or frame aging Tx FIFO Drops Number of frames dropped due to the lack of transmitting buffer Statistics for Port 1 Configuration Gear aren ar Pect2 pota Puti Puts Pote Paz Sane s W Bia EAT Pari 10 Partii Pati Pot 3 Port g4 Ponis Portis 4 Rosanne ete Bs i ene eed 2i t COU sats pase Bea Ts senses Dave re na ads Hremetey Rackets wa f A Savas jae kaw meian Aussems e ee asec UU 5 Oo ive lem Ceea aa D Slam aia Monitoring C aee OC tis rarer i E sr EE E a OO 0 ORE Birikimi CEON 749 EE r CEEC rs sse ioes UOO ver Maintenance COLE Pie intem k adn EDL Abaeweet Pits Poneto as eeteree i Lona O a eae o 2 Fig 4 23 Publication date January 2
6. The serial number is assigned by the manufacturer Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 51 User Manual IP Address Users can configure the IP settings and fill in new values Then dick lt Apply gt button to update Default 192 168 1 1 Subnet Mask Subnet mask is made for the purpose to get more network address because any IP device in a network must own its IP address composed of Network address and Host address otherwise can t communicate with other devices each other But unfortunately the network classes A B and C are all too large to fit for almost all networks hence subnet mask is introduced to solve this problem Subnet mask uses some bits from host address and makes an IP address looked Network address Subnet mask number and host address It is shown in the following figure This reduces the total IP number of a network able to support by the amount of 2 power of the bit number of subnet number 24 bit number of subnet number 32 bits B Hox 1 Networkio Subnet number Subnet mask is used to set the subnet mask value which should be the same value as that of the other devices resided in the same network it attaches For more information please also see the Section 2 1 4 IP Address Assignment in this manual Default 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway Set an IP address for a gateway to handle those packets that do not meet the routing rules predefined in the device If
7. CFI and optional VLAN identifier VID Normally the maximal length of a tagged frame is 1522 bytes 802 1Q VLAN tagged Ethernet frame 6 6 2 2 2 DA SA VLAN Protocol Tag Control Length ID Infomation Type VLAN Protocol ID hadi 0x8100 User Priority CFI VLAN identifier Fig 3 9 Tag Format VLAN Protocol ID 8100 is reserved for VLAN tagged frame User Priority 3 bits long User priority is defined to 7 0 Ois the lowest priority CFI Canonical Format Indicator 1 bitlong Itis used to encapsulate a token ring packet to let it travel across the Ethernet Usually itis set to 0 VLAN ID 12 bits long 0 means no VLAN IDis present 1 means default VLAN 4095 reserved Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 41 User Manual VLAN tagged frame An Ethemet frame carrying VLAN tag field contains VLAN identification without the value of 0 and 4095 and priority information Priority tagged frame An Ethemet frame carrying VLAN tag field contains VLAN identificaton with the value of 0 and priority information Untagged frame An Ethemet frame carries no VLAN tag information VLAN Identifier Also referred to as VID It is used to identify a member whether it belongs to the VLAN group with the VID The assignable number is 1 4094 If VID 0 the tagged frame is a priority packet Both the value of 0 and 4095 also cannot be assigned in VLAN management Port VLAN Identifier VLAN identifier of a p
8. interpret the received frame as a tagged VLAN frame If this happens in a switch the MAC will forward it according to its priority and egress rule to all the ports that is associated wth that VID If it happens in a network interface card MAC will deprive of the tag header and process itin the same way as a basic normal frame For a VLAN enabled LAN all involved devices must be equipped with VLAN optional function At operating speeds above 100 Mbps the slotTime employed at slower speeds is inadequate to accommodate network topologies of the desired physical extent Carrier Extension provides a means by which the slotT ime can be increased to a sufficient value for the desired topologies without increasing the minFrameSize parameter as this would have deleterious effects Nondata bits referred to as extension bits are appended to frames that are less than slotTime bits in length so that the resulting transmission is at least one slotTime in duration Carrier Extension can be perfomed only if the underlying physical layer is capable of sending and receiving symbols that are readily distinguished from data symbols asis the casein most physical layers that use a block encoding decoding scheme Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 34 User Manual The maximum length of the extension is equal to the quantity SotTime minFrameSize The MAC continues to monitor the medium for collisions while it is transmitting extension bits and
9. pattern and Start of Frame Delimiter SFD that indicates the next bit is the starting point of the MAC frame until all bit of the frame is received For a received frame the MAC will check If itis less than one slotTime in length i e short packet and if yes it wil be discarded by MAC because by definition the valid frame must be longer than the slotTime If the length of the frame is less than one slotTime it means there may be a collision happened somewhere or an interface malfunctioned in the LAN When detecting the case the MAC drops the packet and goes back to the ready state If the DA of the received frame exactly matches the physical address that the receiving MAC owns or the multicast address designated to recognize If not discards it and the MAC passes the frame to its client and goes back to the ready state If the frame is too long If yes throws it away and reports frameT coLong If the FCS of the received frame is valid If not for 10M and 100M Ethernet discards the frame For Gigabit Ethernet or higher speed Ethernet MAC has to check one more field i e extra bit field if FCS is invalid If there is any extra bits existed which must meet the specification of IEEE802 3 When both FCS and extra bits are valid the received frame will be accepted otherwise discards the received frame and reports frameCheckError if no extra bits appended or alignmentError if extra bits appended If the length type is valid If
10. 3 5 assumed in half duplex you will see some ports of the switch are linked to a shared HUB which connects many hosts and some ports just are individually linked to a single host The hosts attached to a shared hub will be in the same collision domain separated by the switch and use CSMA CD rule For the host directly attached to the switch because no other host s joins the traffic contention hence it will not be affecded by CSMA CD These LAN segments are separated in different access domains by the switch Micro segmentation To have a port of the switch connected to a single host is referred to as micro segmentation It has the following interesting characteristics There is no need the access contention e g Collision They have theirown access domain But collision still could happen between the host and the switch port When perfoming the full duplex the collision vanishes The host owns a dedicated bandwath of the port The switch port can run at different speed such as 10Mbps 100Mbps or 1000Mbps A shared hub cannot afford this Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 35 User Manual Ed a Ey a o sar Collision domain 2 sii Collision domain 1 m m m P Kd Ea ja 3 mif Fig 3 5 Collision Domain gt hd ad gt pas ante anaa Collision Collision Collision domain3 domain 4 domain 5 Extended Distance Limitations The diameter of a half duplex LAN segment is detemine
11. 30 62 26 124 54 10 1 2 4 16 32 64 128 256 512 2 ow 122 1022 65534 According to the scheme above a subnet mask 255 255 255 0 will partition a network with the dass C It means there will have a maxmum of 254 effective nodes existed in this sub netted network and is considered a physical networkin an autonomous network So it owns a network IP address which may looks like 168 1 2 0 With the subnet mask a bigger network can be cut into small pieces of network If we want to have more than two independent networks in a worknet a partition to the network must be perfomed In this case subnet mask must be applied 2 2 oO 1 2 5 1 f a f Nf CGF O Table 2 3 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 19 User Manual For different network applications the subnet mask may look like 255 255 255 240 This means it is a small network accommodating a maximum of 15 nodes in the network Default gateway For the routed packet if the destination is not in the routing table all the trafficis put into the device with the designated IP address known as default router Basically itis a routing policy For assigning an IP address to the switch you just have to check what the IP address of the network will be connected with the switch Use the same network address and append your host address to it Giga Switch 833 888 Configuration stem
12. 6 e Managing Gigabit Web Smart Switch through Ethernet Port Before you communicate with the switch you have to finish first the configuration of the IP address or to know the IP address of the switch Then follow the procedures listed below Setup a physical path between the configured the switch and a PC by a qualified UTP Cat 5 cable with RJ 45 connector Note If PC directly connects to the switch you have to setup the same subnet mask between them But subnet mask may be different for the PC in the remote site Please refer to Fig 2 6 about the Gigabit Web Smart Switch default IP address information Run web browser and follow the menu Please refer to Chapter 4 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 15 User Manual Giga Switch Please enter password to login Password esses ETY Fig 2 7 the Login Screenfor Web 2 1 4 IP Address Assignment For IP address configuration there are three parameters needed to be filled in They are IP address Subnet Mask Default Gateway and DNS IP address The address of the network device in the network is used for internetworking communication Its address structure looks is shown in the Fig 2 8 It is classful because itis split into predefined address classes or categories Each class has its own network range between the network identifier and host identifier in the 32 bits address Each IP address comprises two parts network identifier address and h
13. Then use IE and type default IP address 192 168 1 1 to connect to 16 Gigabit with RJ45 network line Finally the login screen wil appear at once Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 96 User Manual Appendix A Technical Specifications Features 14 10 100 1000Mbps Gigabit Ethernet TP switching ports are compliant with IEEE802 3 802 3u 802 3z and 802 3ab 2 Gigabit TP SFP fiber are dual media ports with auto detected function Non blocking store and forward shared memory Web Smart switched Supports auto negotiation for configuring speed duplex mode Supports 802 3x flow control for full duplex ports Supports collision based and cartier based backpressure for half duplex ports Any ports can be in disable mode force mode or auto polling mode Supports Head of Line HOL blocking prevention Supports broadcast storm filtering Web based management provides the ability to completely manage the switch from any web browser Supports Port based VLAN and Protocol based IEEE802 1Q VLAN Auto aging with programmable inter age time Supports 802 1p Class of Service with 2 level priority queuing Supports port trunking with flexible load distribution and failover function Supports port sniffer function Programmable maximum Ethernet frame length of range from 1518 to 9216 bytes jumbo frame Supports port based VLAN 802 1Q tag based VLAN Efficient selfjJearning and address recognition mechanism enables forw
14. This function supports TOS field of IP header equal DSCP low 3 bits on Layer 3 of network framework and 6 kinds of special network transmission events on Layer 4 VLAN Supports Port based VLAN IEEE802 1Q Tag VLAN And supports 16 active VLANs and VLAN ID 1 4094 Port Trunking Allows one or more links to be aggregated together to form a Link Aggregation Group by the static setting Publication date January 2005 Revision Al User Manual 1 2 Checklist Before you start installing the switch verify that the package contains the following A set of 16 Gigabit Web Smart Switch Modules optional Mounting Accessory for 19 Rack Shelf This User s Manual in CD ROM AC Power Cord Please notify your sales representative immediately if any of the aforementioned items is missing or damaged 1 3 Features The 16 Gigabit Web Smart Switch a standalone off the shelf switch provides the comprehensive features listed below for users to perform system network administration and efficiently and securely serve your network e Hardware 22 or 14 10 100 1 000MbpsAuto negotiation Gigabit Ethernet TP ports 2 10 100 1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP Fiber dual media auto sense 400KB on chip frame buffer Jumbo frame support Programmable classifier for QoS Layer 4 Multimedia 8K MAC address and 4K VLAN support IEEE802 1Q Per port shaping policing and Broadcast Stom Control IEEE802 1Q4in Q nested VLAN support Full duplex flow
15. and Egress bandwidth for each port Giga Switch N wess soss o Bandwidth Management Configuration Configuration J Incoming teatir t aise corded if rete is excem ded ja p Iromes are guewrated If ow coriral h weablud voipi danie vant 0 Incoming tratfic is discarded Mf rote Is exceeded fax Packet Lerch Monitoring i hatia eume Craobh 0 pae ry tan thie riy ae Iam vo lore He e i eded Maintenance Apply Laas Fig 4 19 Parameter description Port Number Choose the port that you would like this function to work on it Valid range of the port is 1 16 If you would like to set up all ports at a time user is also allowed to choose All in the selection list to simplify the procedure of configuration All Traffic for Ingress Rate Limiting Set up the limit of Ingress bandwidth for the port you choose Incoming traffic will be discarded if the rate exceeds the value you set up in Data Rate field Pause frames are also generated if flow control is enabled The limited format of the packet indudes unicast broadcast and multicast Valid range is O 1000 Broadcast amp Multicasat for Ingress Rate Limiting Set up the limit of Ingress bandwidth for the port you choose Incoming traffic will be discarded if the rate exceeds the value you set up in Data Rate field The limited format of the packet only indudes broadcast and multicast Valid range is O 1000 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 74
16. bridge must transmit out an untagged packet i e the tag has been stripped offin an egress port Egress rule can be set by per port Independent VLAN Learning IVL It specifies the mode how to leam MAC address For a specified VLAN it will use an independent filtering database FID to leam or look up the membership information of the VLAN and dedde where to go Shared VLAN Learning SVL It specifies the mode how to leam MAC address In this mode some VLAN or all VLANs use the same filtering database storing the membership information of the VLAN to learn or look up the membership information of the VLAN In 16 Gigabit Web Smart Switch you can choose a VID for sharing filtering database in Shared VID field if you wish to use the existed filtering database For a specified VLAN when a MAC address is learned by a switch VLAN will use this formation to make forwarding dedsion Filtering Database Referred to as FID It can provide the information where the packet will be sent to Filtering database wil supply the outgoing port according to the request from forwarding process with VID and DA When a packet is received if it has a non zero VID then FID wil offer the associated outgoing ports information to the packet In SVL VLANs use the same Filtering Database In VL VLANs use different FIDs Any VID can be assigned to the same FID by administrator Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 43 User Manual How does a
17. cor to power source e Installing Optional SFP Fiber Transceivers to the Gigabit Web Smart Switch Note If you have no modules please skip this section Fig 2 1 Installation of Optional SFP Fiber Transceiv er e Connecting the SFP Module to the Chassis The optional SFP modules are hot swappable so you can plug or unplug it before or after powering on 1 Verify that the SFP module is the tight model and conforms to the chassis 2 Slide the module along the slot Also be sure that the module is properly seated against the slot socket connector 3 Install the media cable for network connection 4 Repeat the above steps as needed foreach module to be installed into slot s 5 Have the power ON after the above procedures are done Publication date January 2005 Revision Al User Manual TP Port and Cable Installation In the switch TP port supports MDI MDI X auto crossover so both types of cable straight through Cable pin outs for RJ 45 jack 1 2 3 6 to 1 2 3 6 in 10 100M TP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 in Gigabit TP and crossed over Cable pin outs for RJ 45 jack 1 2 3 6 to 3 6 1 2 can be used It means you do not have to tell from them just plug it Use Cat 5 grade RJ 45 TP cable to connect to a TP port of the switch and the other end is connected to a network aware device such as a workstation or a server Repeat the above steps as needed for each RJ 45 port to be connected t
18. equipment has been tested and found to comply with the protection requirements of European Emission Standard EN55022 EN60555 2 and the Generic European Immunity Standard EN50082 1 EMC EN55022 1988 CISPR 22 1985 classA EN60555 2 1995 classA EN60555 3 IEC1000 4 2 1995 4K VCD 8KV AD IEC1000 4 3 1995 3V m IEC1000 4 4 1995 1KV power line 0 5KV signal line About this user s manual In this users manual it will not only tell you how to install and connect your network system but configure and monitor the 16 Gigabit Web Smart Switch through the built in console and web by RS 232 serial interface and Ethernet ports step by step Many explanation in detail of hardware and software functions are shown as well as the examples of the operation for web based interface and text based menu driven console interface Overview of this user s manual Chapter 1 Introduction describes the features of 16 Gigabit Web Smart Switch Chapter 2 Installation Chapter 3 Operating Concept and Management Chapter 4 Operation of Web based Management Chapter 5 Maintenance Publication date January 2005 Revision Al User Manual 1 Introduction 1 1 Overview of Gigabit Web Smart Switch 24 16 port Gigabit Web Smart Switch is a standard switch that meets all IEEE 802 3 u x z Gigabit Fast Ethernet specifications The switch induded 22 or 14 Port 10 100 1 000Mbps TP and 2 Port Gigabit T P SFP Fiber We
19. if yes 2 looks up DA and its associated port to which the traffic is forwarded If DA does not exist have the packet broadcasted Due to the size of the MAC address limited MAC address aging function is applied When the MAC address has re sided and keeps no update in the table fora long time this means the traffic using that entry has yet come fora while If this time period is more than the aging time the entry will be marked invalid The vacancy is now available forother new MAC Both learning and forwarding are the most important functions in a switch Besides that VLAN can be one of the rules to forward the packet There are ingress rule and egress rule applied The ingress rule is used to filter the incoming packet by VLAN ID and so on and to decide whether the packet is allowed to enter the switch or not The egress rule is used to forward the packet to the proper port Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 37 User Manual Mac address aging There isa field in MAC address table used to put the entry s Age time which determines how long a MAC entry can reside in a switch The age time is refreshed when a packet with that SA Usually the age time is programmable Transmission schedule In most layer 2 switches the QoS is supported QoS in a switch must associate a transmission schedule to transmit the packet This function is much to do with the priority level a packet has With the given priority the scheduler wil
20. it will treat any collision that occurs after the threshold slotTime as a late collision 3 4 How does a switch work The switch is a layer 2 Ethernet Switch equipped with 16 Fast Ethemet ports and 2 optional modules which support Gigabit Ethernet or 100M Ethernet Each port on it is an independent LAN segment and thus has 26 LAN segments and 26 collision domains contrast to the traditional shared Ethernet HUB in which all ports share the same media and use the same oollision domain and thus limit the bandwidth utilization With switch s separated collision domain it can extend the LAN diameter farther than the shared HUB does and highly improve the effidency of the traffic transmission Due to the architecture the switch can provide full duplex operation to double the bandwidth per port and many other features such as VLAN bandwidth aggregation and so on not able to be supported in a shared hub Terminology Separate Access Domains As per the description in the section of What s the Ethernet Ethernet utilizes CSMA CD to arbitrate who can transmit data to the station s attached in the LAN When more than one station transmits data within the same slot time the signals will collide referred to as collision The arbitrator will arbitrate who should gain the media The arbitrator is a distributed mechanism in which all stations contend to gain the media Please refer to What s the Ethernet for more details In Fig
21. not discards the packet and reports lengthError If all five procedures above are ok then the MAC treats the frame as good and de assembles the frame Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 33 User Manual What if a VLAN tagging is applied VLAN tagging is a 4 byte long data immediately following the MAC source address When tagged VLAN is applied the Ethernet frame structure will have a litte change shown as follows VLAN Tag control Length n Only two fields VLAN ID and Tag control infomation are different in comparison with the basic Ethernet frame The rest fields are the same The first two bytes is VLAN type ID wth the value of 0x8100 indicating the received frame is tagged VLAN and the next two bytes are Tag Control Infomation TCI used to provide user priority and VLAN ID which are explained respectively in the following table User Priority 7 0 0 is lowest priorit CFI Canonical Format Indicator 1 RIF field is present in the tag header 0 No RIF field is present VID VLAN Identifier 0x000 Null VID No VIDis present and only user priontyis present 0x001 Default VID OxFFF Reserved Table 3 5 Note RIF is used in Token Ring network to provide source routing and comprises two fields Routing Control and Route Descriptor When MAC parses the received frame and finds a reserved special value 0x8100 at the location of the Length T ype field of the nomal non VLAN frame it will
22. the IEEE 802 3 802 3u 802 3z and other 802 1 series protocol specifications in which the limitations are the timing requirement from physical signals defined by 802 3 series specification of Media Access Control MAC and PHY and timer from some OSI layer 2 protocols such as 802 1d 802 1q LACP and so on The fiber TP cables and devices bit time delay round trip are as follows 1000Base X TP Fiber 100Base TX TP 100Base FX Fiber Round trip Delay 4096 Round trip Delay 512 Cat 5 TP Wire 11 12 m Cat 5 TP Wire 1 12 m Fiber Cable Fiber Cable 10 10 m TP to fiber Conv erter 56 Bit Time unit 1ns 1sec 1000 Mega bit Bit Time unit 0 01us 1sec 100 Mega bit Table 2 2 Sum up all elements bit time delay and the overall bit time delay of wires devices must be within Round Trip Delay bit times in a half duplex network segment collision domain For full duplex operation this will not be applied You may use the TP Fiber module to extend the TP node distance over fiber optic and provide the long haul connection Typical Network Topology in Deployment A hierarchical network with minimum levels of switch may reduce the timing delay between server and client station Basically wth this approach it will minimize the number of switches in any one path will lower the possibility of network loop and will improve network efficiency If more than two switches are connected in the same network select one switch as Leve
23. the distortion of the carrier signal When a collision is detected during a frame transmission the transmission wil not stop immediately but instead continues transmitting until the rest bits specified by jamSize are completely transmitted This guarantees the duration of collision is enough to have all involved devices able to detect the collision Thisis referred to as Jamming After jamming pattern is sent MAC stops transmitting the rest data queued in the buffer and waits for a random period of time known as backoff time with the following formula When backoff time expires the device goes back to the state of attempting to transmit frame The backoff time is determined by the formula below When the times of collision is increased the backoff time is getting long until the collision times excess 16 If this happens the frame will be discarded and backoff time will also be reset where k min n 10 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 32 User Manual Frame Reception In essence the frame reception is the same in both operations of half duplex and full duplex except that full duplex operation uses two buffers to transmit and receive the frame independently The receiving node always listens if there is traffic running over the medium when it is not receiving a frame When a frame destined for the target device comes the receiver of the target device begins receiving the bit stream and looks for the PRE Preamble
24. turn The followings summarize whata MAC does before transmitting a frame MAC will assemble the frame First the preamble and Start of Frame delimiter will be put in the fields of PRE and SFD followed DA SA tag ID if tagged VLAN is applied Ethertype or the value ofthe data length and payload data field and finally put the FCS data in orderinto the responded fields Listen if there is any traffic running over the medium If yes wait If the medium is quiet and no longer senses any carrier the MAC waits for a period of time i e inter frame gap time to have the MAC ready wth enough time and then start transmitting the frame During the transmission MAC keeps monitoring the status of the medium If no collision happens until the end of the frame it transmits successfully If there is a collision happened the MAC will send the patterned jamming bit to guarantee the collision event propagated to all involved network devices then wait for a random period of time i e backoff time When backoff time expires the MAC goes back to the beginning state and attempts to transmit again After a collision happens MAC increases the transmission attempts If the count of the transmission attempt reaches 16 times the frame in MAC s queue will be discarded Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 29 User Manual Ethemet MAC transmits frames in half duplex and full duplex ways In half duplex operation mode the MAC can either tran
25. we could arrange 8 trafics 000 001 010 010 100 101 110 111 We can set High priority or Low priority for each traffic class For instance if we let VLAN tagged priority O 0 O be high priority and VLAN tagged priority 0 0 1 be Low Priority and then make port 1 2 3 be in the Wan 2 We sent in the packets that have vlan tagged Field appears 0 0 0 and VID equals 2 from the port 2 and the packets that have Wan tagged Field appears 0 0 1 and VID equals 2 from the port 3 We let the two kinds of packets be transmitted for port 1 until the port results in congestion The result is that the packets will be dropped partally from the port 3 because the packets that belong to Low Priority For the use of VLAN Tag Priority function please press Configure at the right section for setting in advance Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 65 User Manual In L4 QoS Configuration you can enter one of these specal network transmission events for example we use Down prioritize web browsing e mail FTP and news L4 QoS Configuration and dick apply and then cick Custom L4 We can find Special TCP UDP port 80 280 443 25 110 20 21 69 119 2009 have already existed and defined for your using but it is fine that you modify this pre defined TCP UDP port with other port number you prefer In Down prioritize web browsing e mail FTP and news L4 QoS Configuration with default setting special defined TCP UDP port possesses lower QoS traffic th
26. 005 Revision Al amp 1 User Manual 4 4 Maintenance There are four functions contained in the maintenance function Maintenance Warm Restart Factory Default 4 4 1 Status Eight functions induding Switch Status TP Port Status Fiber Port Status Aggregation VLAN Mirror Trap Event and Maxmum Packet Length are contained in this function folder for port monitor and management Each of them wil be described in detail orderly in the following sections Switch Status TP Port Status Fiber Port Status Aggregation Trap Event Maximum Packet Length Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 82 User Manual 4 4 1 1 Switch Status Switch Status 16 Port 10 100 1000M Gigabit sw v1 03 v1 01 Serial Number 030901000053 IP Address 192 168 1 1 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 192 168 1 254 MAC Address 00 40 c7 e6 00 34 Giga Switch Auto Logout Timer mins 0 Fig 4 24 Function name Switch Status Function Description Display the status infomation of this switch Parameter Description Product Name To show the product name of this device Firmware Version To show the firmware version of this switch Hardware Version To show the hardware version of this switch Serial Number The serial number is assigned by the manufacturer IP Address To show the IP address of this switch Subnet Mask To show the subnet mask of this switch Default Gateway To show the default gateway of this switch Publica
27. 32 bit cydic redundancy check CRC value and is a check sum computed with DA SA through the end of the data field wth the following polynomial 9 fan 32 Ih 3 29 16 7 5 gt G x x32 x78 4 x xe xe I Eh lO NB aT ENT EK EK EI It is created by the sending MAC and recalculated by the receiving MAC to check if the packet is damaged or not Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 28 User Manual How does a MAC work The MAC sub layer has two primary jobs to do 1 Receiving and transmitting data When receiving data it parses frame to detect error when transmitting data it performs frame assembly 2 Performing Media access control It prepares the initiation jobs fora frame transmission and makes recovery from transmission failure Frame transmission As Ethemet adopted Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect CSMA CD it detects if there is any carrier signal from another network device running over the physical medium when a frame is ready for transmission This is referred to as sensing carrier also Listen If there is signal on the medium the MAC defers the traffic to avoid a transmission collision and waits for a random period of time called backoff time then sends the traffic again After the frame is assembled when transmitting the frame the preamble PRE bytes are inserted and sent first then the next Start of frame Delimiter SFD DA SA and through the data field and FCS field in
28. 8 User Manual The Information of Page Layout On the top side it shows the front panel of the switch In the front panel the linked ports will display green as to the ports which are link off they will be dark For the optional modules the slot will show only a cover plate if no module exists and will show a module if a module is present The image of module depends on the one you inserted The same if disconnected the port will show just dark if linked green On the left side the main menu tree for web is listed in the page According to the function name in boldface all functions can be divided into three parts induding Configuration Monitoring and Maintenance The functions of each folder are described in its corresponded section respectively As to the function names in nomal type are the sub functions When clicking it the function is performed The following list is the main function tree for web user interface Configuration Monitoring Maintenance Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 49 User Manual 4 2 Configuration Eleven functions including System Configuration Ports Configuration VLAN Mode Configuration VLAN Group Configuration PVID Configuration Aggregation Configuration Mirror Configuration QoS Configuration Bandwidth Management Trap Event Configuration and Max Packet Length are contained in this function folder for system and network managemen
29. ASED MANAGEMENT 47 4 1 WEB MANAGEMENT HOME OVERVIEW 48 4 2 CONFIGURATION 50 4 2 1 System Configuration 51 4 2 2 Ports Configuration 54 4 2 3 VLAN Mode Configuration 55 4 2 4 VLAN Group Configuration 58 4 2 5 PVID Configuration 61 4 2 6 Aggregation Configuration 63 4 2 7 Mirror Configuration 64 4 2 8 Quality of Service Configuration 65 4 2 9 Bandwidth Management 74 4 2 10 Trap Event Configuration 76 4 2 11 Max Packet Length 77 4 3 MONITORING 78 4 3 1 Statistics Overvi W
30. C BiDi SC this port supports 10 100 1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP Fiber with auto detected function 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver is used for high speed connection expansion nine optional SFP types provided for the switch are listed below 1000Mbps LC MM SFP Fiber transceiver SFP OLC 202 1000Mbps LC SM 10km SFP Fiber transceiver SFP OLC 212 10 1000Mbps LC SM 30km SFP Fiber transceiver SFP OLC 212 30 1000Mbps LC SM 50km SFP Fiber transceiver SFP OLC 212 50 1000Mbps LC SM 70km SFP Fiber transceiver SFP OLC 212 70 1000Mbps LC SM 110km SFP Fiber transceiver SFP OLC 212 B0 1000Mbps BiDi SC type 1 SM 20km SFP Fiber WDM transceiver SFP 0BS 621 201 1000Mbps BiDi SC type 2 SM 20km SFP Fiber WDM transceiver SFP OBS 621 202 1000Mbps LC SM 10km SFP Fiber transceiver wth DDM SFP DLC 212 10 Fig 1 4 Front View of 1000Base SX LX LC SFP Fiber Transcew er Fig 1 5 Front View of 1000Base LX BiDi SC SFP Fiber Transcew er Publication date January 2005 Revision Al User Manual 2 Installation 2 1 Starting Gigabit Web Smart Switch Up This section will give users a quick start for Hardware and Cable Installation Management Station Installation Software booting and configuration 2 1 1 Hardware and Cable Installation At the beginning please do first Wear a grounding device to avoid the damage from electrostatic discharge Be sure that power switch is OFF before you insert the power
31. CHAPTER 5 MAINTENANCE nnn nn nnn nnn nnn G 5 1 RESOLVING NO LINK CONDITION 96 5 2 Q amp A 96 APPENDIX A TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 97 APPENDIX B MIB SPECIFICANONS 101 Revision History Release PEIG l Revision 0 12 30 2004 O M es gt E 01 20 2005 DO E es Ek 01 26 2005 E AL y iii Caution Circuit devices are sensitive to static electricity which can damage their delicate electronics Dry weather conditions or walking across a carpeted floor may cause you to acquire a static electrical charge To protect your device always Touch the metal chassis of your computer to ground the static electrical charge before you pick up the circuit device Pick up the device by holding it on the left and right edges only Electronic Emission Notices Federal Communications Commission FCC Statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a classA computing device pursuant to Subpart J of part 15 of FCC Rules which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when operated in a commerdal environment European Community CE Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive This
32. Configuration 00 40 c p8 00 26 vi nanon rooonsa wo 165 1 1 Warkst Lerctt Monitoring Amie 5 Crete ovoce Maintenance uat Fig 2 9 First IP Address as shown in the Fig 2 9 enter 192 168 1 1 for instance For sure an IP address such as 192 168 1 x must be set on your PC Second Subnet Mask as shown in the Fig 2 9 enter 255 255 255 0 Any subnet mask such as 255 255 255 x is allowable in this case Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 20 User Manual 2 2 Typical Applications The Gigabit Web Smart Switch implements Gigabit Ethernet TP ports with auto MDIX and two slots for the removable module supporting comprehensive fiber types of connection induding LC and BiDi LC SFP modules For more details on the specification of the switch please refer to Appendix A The switch is suitable for the following applications Central Site Remote site application is usedin carrieror ISP See Fig 2 10 Peer to peer application is used in two remote offices See Fig 2 11 Office network See Fig 2 12 Gigabit Enterprise LZ Managed Switch I 16 Web Smort Switch a Fiber Optic Managed Media Converter E oe es F ber Optic Monaged Media Converter m 5 k mm or sm fiber K w 16 Web Smart Switch Copper Twistad pair Links Fiber Optic Links aie DDD ee EDA Fig 2 10 Network Connection between Remote Site a
33. EDIMAX NETWORKING PEOPLE TOGETHER 24 16 Gigabit Web Smart Switch User s Manual Release 1 03 Table of Contents CAUTION IV ELECTRONIC EMISSION NOTICE S IV CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION n nn nnn nnn nnn nnn nn nnn 2 1 1 OVERVIEW OF 16 GIGABIT WEB SMART SWITCH 2 1 2 CHECKLIST 3 1 3 FEATURES 3 1 4 VIEW OF 16 GIGABIT WEB SMART SWITCH 5 1 4 1 User Interfaces on the Front Panel Button LEDs and Plugs 5 1 4 2 User Interfaces on the Rear Panel 6 1 5 VIEW OF THE OPTIONAL MODULES 7 CHAPTER 2 INSTALL ATION nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn 8 2 1 STARTING 16 GIGABIT WEB SMART SWITCH UP 8 2 1 1 Hardware and Cable Installat ON 8 2 1 2 Cabling Requirements
34. Tagged VLAN work If the ingress filtering is enabled and when a packet is received VLAN bridge will first check if the VID of the packet presents 1 If the packet has a non zero VID VLAN bridge will apply this VID as the VLAN ID of the packet in the network 2 For a packet with null tag orno VLAN tag if VLAN bridge provides rules to decide its VID then apply this VID to the packet If VLAN bridge does not support any rule for VID then apply the PVID of the port to the packet which came from that port VLAN bridge checks to see if the ingress port and the received packet are on the same VLAN If not drops it If yes forwards it to the associated ports Meanwhile this VLAN must be applied to the egress port or the packet will be dropped If ingress filtering is disabled VLAN bridge will only check the MAC address table to see if the destination VLAN exists If VLAN does not exist then drop the packet and if both DA and VLAN do not exist forwards the packet If just knows VLAN existed then floods the packet to all the ports the VLAN oovers If we plan to deploy four VLANs in an office and use a switch to partition them we should check which ports belong to which VLAN first Assuming a 24 port switch is applied Name Administration 17 18 19 23 24 Table 3 6 Next assigns IP address to each VLAN Usually we use 10 x x x as internal IP block Because there are total four VLANs in the network we must assign 4 IP bl
35. VLAN1 VLAN2 and VLAN4 4 VLAN4 members could not access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members but they could access VLAN2 members Case3a The same VLAN members can be at different switches with the same VID See Fig 2 5 Fig 2 5 Attribute based VLAN Diagram Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 13 User Manual 2 1 3 Configuring the Management Agent of Gigabit Web Smart Switch In the way of web user is allowed to startup the switch management function Users can use any one of them to monitor and configure the switch You can touch them through the following procedures Section 2 1 3 1 Configuring Management Agent of 16 Gigabit Web Smart Switch through Ethemet Port Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 14 User Manual 2 1 3 1 Configuring Management Agent of Gigabit Web Smart Switch through Ethernet Port There are two ways to configure and monitor the switch through the switch s Ethemet port They are Web browser and SNMP manager The user interface for the last one is NMS dependent and does not cover here We just introduce the first type of management interface Web based UI for the switch is an interface in a highly friendly way 16 Gigabit Web Smart Switch Default IP Setting IP 192 168 1 1 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway 192 168 1 254 Assign areasonable IP address For example IP 192 168 1 100 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway 192 168 1 254 Fig 2
36. a packet does not meet the criteria for other pre defined path it must be forwarded to a default router on a default path This means any packet with undefined IP address in the routing table will be sent to this device unconditionally Default 192 168 1 254 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 52 User Manual System Name Set a special name for this switch Up to 16 characters are allowed in this parameter Any alphanumeric character and null are acceptable Default Giga Switch Password Set a password for this switch Up to 16 characters are allowed in this parameter Any alphanumeric characteris acceptable Default admin Auto Logout Timer Set the auto logout timer The valid value is O 60 in the unit of minute and a decimal point is not allowed The value 0 means autologout timer is disabled Default 0 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 53 User Manual 4 2 2 Ports Configuration Function nare Ports Configuration Function description Ports Configuration is applied to change the setting of each port In this configuration function you can set reset the followng parameters Mode and Flow Parameter Control All of them are described in detail below description Mode Set the speed and duplex of the port If the media is 1Gbps fiber there are three modes to choose Auto Speed 1000 Full and Disable If the media is TP the Speed Duplex is comprised of the co
37. all L4 port number will disappear See Fig 4 17 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 72 User Manual Function name IP Diffserv Classification Function description IP Diffserve Classification function it can fom total 64 0 63 kinds of Traffic Class based on the arrangement of 6 bit field in DSCP of the IP packet In the switch user is allowed to set up these 64 kinds of Class that belong to High or Low Priority Parameter description IP Differentiated Services DiffServ Configuration Used for setting up the IP Differentiated Services Configuration QoS Diffserv Display 64 0 63 DiffServ Priority items Class 64 kinds of traffic as mentioned above user can set up High Priority or Low Priority for each port respectively Giga Switch IP Differentiated Services DiffServ Configuration Configuration cae oe Bee Eee ir peter oe oes ee Z ee e en Wah i d Sera E rea E r M a ten a EE es OE op ET ie eR vw E e M H E Fe gt o panpe E e E en E H M EA l ee E a Heh Race S o sr isn i Wy Maintenance Se iy M or FA wn nigh w a CE oe inp EE ine High Sam Saniat ps e a Gre Ee ia t EE he Oe E a E o E o Ee to E Ha Ee a ee EOS eei Ee i nn apply Fig 4 18 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 73 User Manual 4 2 9 Bandw idth Management Function name Bandwidth Management Function description Bandwidth Management function is used to set up the limit of Ingress
38. ameter description Port 1 16 Port number PVID This PVID range will be 1 4094 Before you set anumber x as PVID you have to create a Tag based VLAN with VID x For example if port x receives an untagged packet the switch will apply the PVID assume as VID y of port x to tag this packet the packet then wil be forwarded as the tagged packet with VID y Rule 1 Forward only packets with VID matching this port s configured VID You can apply Rule 1 as a way to a given port to filter unwanted traffic In Rule 1 a given port checks if the given portis a member of the VLAN on which the received packet belongs to to determine forward it or not For example if port 1 receives a tagged packet with VID 100 VLAN name VLAN100 and if Rule 1 is enabled the switch will check if port 1 is a member of VLAN100 If yes the received packet is forwarded otherwise the received packet is dropped Rule 2 Drop untagged frame You can configure a given port to accept all frames Tagged and Untagged or just receive tagged frame If the fomer is the case then the packets with tagged or untagged will be processed If the later is the case only the packets carrying VLAN tag wil be processed the rest packets will be discarded Note If Rule 1 is enabled and port 1 for example receives an untagged packet the switch will apply the PVID of port 1 to tag this packet the packet then will be forwarded But if the PVID of port 1 isnot 100 the
39. an Default dass all other TCP UDP ports such as port 81 82 83 84 85 etc Giving an example when we transmit TCP packets with port number 80 at each of port 2 and port number 81 at port 3 to port 1 until the congestion happens The packets from port 3 will be dropped by port 1 because the TCP packets have port number 80 is high priority and will have higher precedence to be sent out from port 1 Giga Switch T FS Configuration VLAN Tag Priority Monitoring e 6S 5 dat iting renare Maintenance Fig 4 14 Parameter description Quality of Service QoS Vian Tag Configuration Used for setting up the QoS belongs to Vlan operation Port User can set up the port 1 16 respectively to let Vian Tag QoS function work on them If you would like to set up all ports at a time user is also allowed to choose All in the selection list to simplify the procedure of configuration Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 66 User Manual Bit 0 Bit 1 Bit 2 According to the arrangement of VLAN tagged priority it can form 8 kinds of traffics induding00 0 001 010 010 100 101 110 and 11 1 Class 8 kinds of traffic as mentioned above user can set up High Priority or Low Priority for each port respectively Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 67 User Manual Function name IP ToS Classification Function description Another QoS function is the application of Layer 3 on netwo
40. anagement Home Overview After you login the switch shows you the system status information as Fig 4 2 This page is default and tells you the basic infomation of the system induding Switch Status TP Port Status Fiber Port Status Aggregation VLAN Mirror Trap Event and Maximum Packet Length With this information you wil know the software version used MAC address how many ports good and so on Thisis helpful while malfunctioning For more details please refer to Section 4 4 1 E m Giga Switch OO BBE Configuration Switch Status Wrrneurt Marse J i6 Part 10 2007 LO00M Gigakit SW van Bvins New Wat Wvo EAS s nanoninnnnsa rran P Addres 192 168 18 fi f Sorte Sal ja J 2533 255 2550 fotonik Maniana aut Away t902 16R 1 954 Hac Packet Lergh nae ailere J W0 20 07 08 00 94 sbar ZS Gye Switch Monitoring menok Timar Drei fy vaile orem CETTE TP Port Status Maintenance Ji spend SU stus Spend Flew Ca FT zN 100f0x aute Embed EN bows Awto Enabled Sur Stat I mm Mno nabbed Down Auto tnebled Facters Onion Ey Dawn Auto tinted ED Dawn Auto Enabled Lona EE Dwm Auto Emted DE down Auto Enotied Darm Auto Enb E Daw Auto Enabled ER pawn Aute Ensis EER Dawn Auto Enabled EI Down ato mitsd ETD Down Auto Enebled open Auto Cnabied S Dawn Ato Enebhed Fiber Port Status T Arte Enabled EST fete Srabtert v Fig 4 2 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 4
41. arding rate at wire speed Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 97 User Manual Hardware Specifications Standard Compliance IEEE802 3 802 3ab 802 3z 802 3u 802 3x Network Interface Configuration Mode Connector ___ Port 10 100 1000Mbps Gigabit TP TP RJ 45 1 16 1000Base SX Gigabit Fiber 1000 FDX SFP 5 16 Option 1000Base LX Gigabit Fiber 1000 FDX SFP 5 16 Option 1000Base LX Single Fiber WDM BiDi 1000 FDX sFp 15 160ption Port 15 16 are P SFPfiber dual media ports with auto detected function Optional SFP module supports LC or BiDi SC transcew er Transmission Mode 10 100Mbps support full or half duplex 1000Mbps support full duplex only Transmission Speed 10 100 1000Mbps for TP 1000Mbps for Fiber Full Forwarding Filtering Packet Rate PPS packets per second Forwarding Rate Speed 1 488 000PPS 1000Mbps 148 800PPS 100Mbps 14880PPS 10Mbps MAC Address and Self learning 8K MAC address 4K VLAN table entres Buffer Memory Embedded 400 KB frame buffer Flow Control IEEE802 3x compliant for full duplex Backpressure flow control for half duplex Cable and Maximum Length TP Cat 5 UTP cable up to 100m J Up to 220 275 500 550m 1000Base SX which depends on Multi Mode Fiber type 1000Base LX SingleMode Fiber up to10 30 50Km 10N00Base LX WDM BiDi Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 98 User Manual Diagnosti
42. ary 2005 Revision Al 58 User Manual Tag based VLAN Configuration Lf 12 iexcrisinus a CL Bertone LA 2 R457 91 OS EDA wad Graig _ owane Grow Fig 4 7 Add Group Create a new port based VLAN or tag based VLAN which depends on the VLAN mode you choose in VLAN mode function Giga Switch aaa Add VLAN Group fiw pcritiom n i vw a R 1 25 38 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110120 130140150160 zag Fig 4 8 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 59 User Manual Delete Group Just tick the check box MI beside the ID then press the lt Delete Group gt button to delete the group Giga Switch Tag based VLAN Configuration Configuration v Cl Detak 1 12 4 546 7 0 9 00 08 09 18 2405 16 wea S 2 vani 2 iza if Sorat n Monitoring 2 Maintenance Bieta pe Lona Fig 4 9 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 60 User Manual 4 2 5 PVID Configuration Function name PVID Configuration Function description In VLAN Port VID Setting user can input VID number to each port The range of VID number is from 1 to 4094 User also can choose ingress filtering rules to each port There are two ingress filtering rules which can be applied to the switch The Ingress Filtering Rule 1 is forward only packets with VID matching this port s configured VID The Ingress Filtering Rule 2 is drop untagged frame Par
43. b Smart management Ethernet Switch The switch can be managed through Ethemet port using Web based management unit associated with web based management the network administrator can logon the switch to monitor configure and control each port s activity In addition the switch implements the QoS Quality of Service VLAN and Trunking It is suitable for office application In this switch last two ports indudes two types of media TP and SFP Fiber LC BiDi SC this port supports 10 100 1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP Fiber with auto detected function 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver is used for high speed connection expansion 1000Mbps LC Multi Mode SFP Fiber transceiver 1000Mbps LC 10km SFP Fiber transceiver 1000Mbps LC 30km SFP Fiber transceiver 1000Mbps LC 50km SFP Fiber transceiver 1000Mbps BiDi SC 20km 1550nm SFP Fiber WDM transceiver 1000Mbps BiDi SC 20km 1310nm SFP Fiber WDM transceiver 10 100 1000Mbps TP is a standard Ethernet port that meets all IEEE 802 3 u x z Gigabit Fast Ethernet specifications 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver is a Gigabit Ethernet port that fully complies with all IEEE 802 3z and 1000Base SX LX standards 1000Mbps Single Fiber WDM BiDi transceiver is designed with an optic Wavelength Division Multiplexing WDM technology that transports bi directional full duplex signal over a single fiber simultaneously e Key Features in the Device Qos The switch offers powerful QoS function
44. c LED System LED Power Per Port LED 10 100 1000M TP Port 1 to 16 LINK ACT 10 100 1000Mbps 1000M SFP Fiber Port 15 16 SFP LINK ACT Power Requirement AC Line Voltage 100 240 V Frequency 50 60 Hz Consumption 30W Ambient Temperature 0 to 50 C Humidity 5 to 90 Dimensions 44 H x 442 W x 209 D m Comply with FCC Part 15 Class A amp CE Mark Approval Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 99 User Manual Management Software Specifications System Configuration VLAN Function Trunk Function Bandwidth Control Quality of Service QoS Network Management Publication date January 2005 Revision Al Note Any specification is subject to change without notice Auto negotiation support on 10 100Base TX ports Web browser or console interface can set transmission speed 10 100Mbps and operation mode FullHalf duplex on each port enable disable any port set VLAN group set Trunk Connection Port Base 802 1Q Tagged allowed up to 256 activ e VLANs in one switch Ports trunk connections allowed Supports by port Egress Ingress rate control Referred as Class of Service CoS by the IEEE 802 1P standard Two queues per port Web browser support based on HTTP Server 100 User Manual Appendix B MIB Specifications MIB II Enterprise MIB brief description is listed as below A MIB file in a readable electronic media floppy disk or CD ROM is packed with the produc
45. cast packet Tx Packets The counting number of the packet transmitted Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 79 User Manual TX Octets Total transmitted bytes Tx High Priority Packets Number of Tx packets classified as high priority Tx Low Priority Packets Number of Tx packets classified as low priority Tx Broadcast Show the counting number of the transmitted broadcast packet Tx Multicast Show the counting number of the transmitted multicast packet Rx 64 Bytes Number of 64 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 65 127 Bytes Number of 65 126 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 128 255 Bytes Number of 127 255 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 256 511 Bytes Number of 256 511 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 512 1023 Bytes Number of 512 1023 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 1024 Bytes Number of 1024 max_length byte frames in good and bad packets received Tx 64 Bytes Number of 64 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Tx 65 127 Bytes Number of 65 126 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Tx 128255 Bytes Number of 127 255 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Tx 256 511 Bytes Number of 256 511 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Tx 512 1023 Bytes Number of 512 1023 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Publication date January 2005 Revision Al
46. cedure of configuration Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 68 User Manual Bit 0 Bit 1 Bit 2 According to the arrangement of Bit 5 Bit 7 in TOS Field of IP Header it can form 8 kinds of traffics induding 000 001 010 010 100 101 110and11 1 Class 8 kinds of traffic as mentioned above user can set up High Priority or Low Priority for each port respectively Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 69 User Manual Function name IP TCP UDP Port Classification Function description In L4 QoS Configuration you can enter one of these specdal network transmission events for example we use Down prioritize web browsing e mail FTP and news L4 QoS Configuration and dick apply and then cick Custom L4 We can find Special TCP UDP port 80 280 443 25 110 20 21 69 119 2009 have already existed and defined for your using but itis fine that you modify this pre defined TCP UDP port with other port number you prefer In Down prioritize web browsing e mail FTP and news L4 QoS Configuration with default setting specal defined TCP UDP port possesses lower QoS traffic than Default dass all other TCP UDP ports such as port 81 82 83 84 85 etc Giving an example when we transmit TCP packets with port number 80 at each of port 2 and port number 81 at port 3 to port 1 until the congestion happens The packets from port 3 will be dropped by port 1 because the TCP packets have port number 80 is high pr
47. control IEEE802 3x and half duplex backpressure Extensive front panel diagnostic LEDs System Power TP Port LINK ACT 10 100 1000Mbps SFP Port 23 24 or 15 16 SFP LINK ACT e Management e Supports concisely the status of port and easily port configuration e Supports per port traffic monitoring counters e Supports a snapshot of the system Information when you login e Supports port mirror function e Supports the static trunk function Publication date January 2005 Revision Al User Manual Supports 802 1Q VLAN e Supports user management and limits one user to login e Maximal packet length can be up to 9216 bytes forjumbo frame application e Supports Broadcasting Suppression to avoid network suspended or crashed e Supports to send the trap event while monitored events happened e Supports default configuration which can be restored to overwrite the current configuration which is working on via Web UI and Reset button of the switch e Supports ondine plug unplug SFP modules e Supports Quality of Service QoS for real time applications based on the information taken from Layer 2 to Layer 4 such as VoIP Built in web based management instead of using CLI interface providing a more convenient GUI for the user Publication date January 2005 Revision Al User Manual 1 4 View of 16 Gigabit Web Smart Switch Fig 1 1 Full View of 16 Gigabit Web Smart Switch 1 4 1 User Interfaces onthe Front Panel Button LEDs an
48. cribed as follows 1 Ifthe VID of the packet is null VID VID 0 or this packet is an untagged packet If there are still some other ways e g protocol MAC address application IP subnet etc to dassify the incoming packets beside port based dassification in implement and these approaches can offer non zero VID then use the value of VID offered by other dassifications for VLAN s classification If there is only port based classification in implement or other dassification approaches cannot offer non zero VID for the incoming packets then assign the PVID to the incoming packets as VID for the classification of the VLAN group 2 Ifthe VIDis nota null VID VID4O then use the value to dassify the VLAN group Egress Rule An egress list is used to make the tagging and forwarding decision on an outgoing port It specifies the VLANs whose packets can be transmitted out and specifies if the packet should be tagged or not It can be configured for port s VLAN membership and tagged or untagged for a transmitted packet When a packet is transmitted out the VLAN bridge checks the ports egress list If the VLAN of the packet is on the egress list of the port on which the packet transmits out the packet will be transmitted with the priority accordingly If enabled an egress port will transmit out a tagged packet if the port is connected to a 802 1Q compliant device If an egress port is connected to a non 802 1Q device or an end station VLAN
49. d Gigabit Ethernet TP ports and 2 optional Gigabit dual media ports supporting either fiber or TP media With this facility you can easily access and monitor through any one port of the switch all the status of the switch induding MIBs status each port activity multicast traffic and so on The default values of 16 Gigabit Web Smart Switch are listed in the table below IP Address 192 168 1 1 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 re Wiimert anew 192 168 1 254 Table 4 1 After the 16 Gigabit Web Smart Switch has been finished configuration you can browse it by using the IP address you set up For instance type http 192 168 1 1 in the address row in a browser it will show the following screen see Fig 4 1 and ask you inputting password in order to login and access authentication The default password is admin For the first time to use please enter the default password then dick the lt Apply gt button The login process now is completed In the switch it supports a simple user management function allowing only one administrator to configure the system atthe same time To optimize the display effect we recommend you use Microsoft IE and have the resolution 1024x768 Here is the whole function tree wth web user interface and we will travel it through this chapter Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 47 User Manual Giga Switch Please enter password to login Password eves Fig 4 1 4 1 Web M
50. d Plugs There are 16 TP Gigabit Ethernet ports and 2 SFP fiber ports for optional removable modules on the front panel of the switch LED display area locating on the left side of the panel contains a Power LED which indicates the power status and 16 ports working status of the switch Power Indication LED Fiber Port Status Indication LEDs RESET Button RESET button is used to restore the system default setting Fig 1 2 Front View of 16 Gigabit Web Smart Switch Publication date January 2005 Revision Al User Manual LED Indicators LED Color Function System LED POWER Litwhen 5V DC poweris on and good 10 100 1000Ethernet TP Port LED Lit when connection with remote device is good LINK ACT Green Blinks when any traffic is present Off when cable connection is not good Green Lit green when 1000Mbps speed is active Lit ember when 100Mbps speed is active E MOHD G BOOM bps Ember Off when 10Mbps speed is active 1000SX LX Gigabit Fiber Port LED Lit when connection with the remote device is good SFP LINK ACT Green Blinks when any traffic is present Off when module connection is not good Table1 1 1 4 2 User Interfaces onthe Rear Panel AC Line 100 240V 50 60 Hz Fig 1 3 Rear View of 16 Gigabit Web Smart Switch Publication date January 2005 Revision Al User Manual 1 5 View of the Optional Modules In the switch Port 15 16 indudes two types of media TP and SFP Fiber L
51. d by its maximum propagation delay time For example in 10M LAN the most distance of a LAN segment using yellow cable is 2500 meters and 185 meters when using coaxial cable The switch with its per port per collision domain can extend the distance like a bridge does And what s more when operating in full duplex mode the distance can reach farther than half duplex because it is not limited by the maximum propagation delay time 512 bits time If fiber media is applied the distance can be up to tens of kilometers Traffic Aggregation Traffic aggregation is to aggregate the bandwidth of more than one port and treat it as a single port in the LAN This single port possesses the features of a normal port but loading balance This is a great feature for the port needing more bandwidth but cannot afford paying much cost for high bandwidth port Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 36 User Manual 1000Mb s 100Mb s Fig 3 6 How does a switch operate A Layer 2 switch uses some features of the Data Link layer in OSI model to forward the packet to the destination port s Here we introduce some important features of a switch and howthey work MAC address table When a packet is received on a port of switch the switch first checks if the packet good or bad and extracts the source MAC address SA and destination MAC address DA to find 1 if SAis existed in the MAC address table if no puts it inthe MAC address table
52. ectionless service LLC type 2 connection oriented service and LLC type 3 acknowledge connectionless service are three types of LLC frame for all dasses of service In Fig 3 2 it shows the format of Service Access Point SAP Please refer to IEEE802 2 for more details Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 25 User Manual DSAP SSAP lt address field address field LSB of address Seah Least significant bit Least significant bit of address fields delivered to received from the MAC sublayer VG 0 Individual DSAP VG 1 Group DSAP Fig 3 2 SAP Fomat C R 0 Command R 1 Response XODDDDDD DSAP address XOSSSSSS SSAP address X1DDDDDD Reserved for ISO definition X1SSSSS8S__ Reserved for ISO definition 3 2 Media Access Control MAC MAC Addressing Because LAN is composed of many nodes for the data exchanged among these nodes each node must have its own unique address to identify who should send the data or should receive the data In OSI model each layer provides its own mean to identify the unique address in some fom for example IP address in network layer The MAC is belonged to Data Link Layer Layer 2 the address is defined to be a 48 bit long and locally unique address Since this type of address is applied only to the Ethernet LAN media access control MAC they are referred to as MAC addresses The first three bytes are Organizational Unique Identifier OUI code assigned by IEEE The last t
53. estart counting Function name Statistics Overview Function description Display the summary counting of each port s traffic induding Tx Bytes Tx Frames Rx Bytes Rx Frames Tx Errors and Rx Errors Parameters description Tx Bytes Total transmitted bytes Tx Frames The counting number of the packet transmitted Rx Bytes Total received bytes Rx Frames The counting number of the packet received Tx Errors Number of bad packets transmitted Rx Errors Number of bad packets received Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 78 User Manual Giga Switch A Statistics Overview for all ports Configuration ecoesoeo o Monitoring jadustics recs Cto ee Bix oy 10 0 o as n u Maintenance 12 0 v o 0 0 o Fig 4 22 4 3 2 Detailed Statistics Function name Detailed Statistics Function description Display the detailed counting number of each port s traffic In the Fig 4 23 the window can show all counterinformation each port at one time Parameter description Rx Packets The counting number of the packet received RX Octets Total received bytes Rx High Priority Packets Number of Rx packets classified as high priority Rx Low Priority Packets Number of Rx packets classified as low priority Rx Broadcast Show the counting number of the received broadcast packet Rx Multicast Show the counting number of the received multi
54. etwork prefix from 16 bits to say 24 bits that s using its third byte to subnet this class B network Now it has a subnet mask 255 255 255 0 in which each bit of the first three bytesis 1 It s now clear that the first two bytes is used to identify the dass B network the third byte is used to identify the subnet within this class B network and of course the last byte is the host number Not all IP address is available in the sub netted network Two spedal addresses are reserved They are the addresses with all zero s and all one s host number For example an IP address 128 1 2 128 what IP address reserved will be looked like All Os mean the network itself and all 1s mean IP broadcast Network Subnet All Os 128 1 2 128 All 1s 128 1 2 255 1 1111111 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 18 User Manual In this diagram you can see the subnet mask with 25 bit long 255 255 255 128 contains 126 members in the sub netted network Another is that the length of network prefix equals the number of the bit wth 1s in that subnet mask With this you can easily count the number of IP addresses matched The following table shows the result v p a x lt r oO KQ h No of IP matchedjNo of Addressable 13 N 13 O an w Pr Nn NFO oo Bw nN a Jw ofo So ive an I oo Ko og N a o f gt S A loa AK 3 129 12 fee 2 Oo InN 2 2 ol 2 14
55. g in the fiber media Basically there are two categories of fiber multi mode MM and single mode SM The later is categorized into several dasses by the distance it supports They are SX LX LHX XD and ZX From the viewpoint of connector type there mainly are LC and BIDI SC Gigabit Fiber wth multimode LC SFP module Gigabit Fiber wth single mode LC SFP module Gigabit Fiber wth BiDi SC 1310nm SFP module Gigabit Fiber wth BiDi SC 1550nm SFP module The following table lists the types of fiber that we support and those else not listed here are available upon request Multi mode Fiber Cable and Modal Bandwidth Multi mode 62 5 125um Multi mode 50 125um IEEE 802 3z Oda visda 4000SX 850nm Bandwidth Bandwidth 160MHz Km 400MHz Km 500m 200MHz Km 500MHz Km 550m Single mode Fiber 9 125um 1000Base LX LHX XD ZX Single mode transceiver 1310nm 10Km Single mode transceiver 1550nm 30 50Km Single Mode TX Transmit 1310nm 1000Base LX 20Km RX Receive 1550nm Single Fiber BIDI SC Single Mode TX Transmit 1550nm 20Km RX Receive 1310nm Table2 1 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 10 User Manual 2 1 2 3 Switch Cascading in Topology Takes the Delay Time into Account Theoretically the switch partitions the collision domain for each port in switch cascading that you may up link the switches unlimitedly In practice the network extension cascading levels amp overall diameter must follow the constraint of
56. hree bytes are the serial number assigned by the vendor of the network device All these six bytes are stored in a non volatile memory in the device Their formatis as the following table and normally written in the fom as aa bb cc dd ee ff a 12 hexadecimal digits separated by hyphens in which the aa bb cc is the OUI code and the dd ee ff is the serial number assigned by manufacturer Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 26 User Manual Bit 47 bit 0 1st byte 2nd byte 3rd byte 4th byte 5th byte 6th byte OUI code Table 3 3 Ethernet MAC address The first bit of the first byte in the Destination address DA determines the address to be a Unicast 0 or Multicast frame 1 known as I G bit indicating individual 0 or group 1 So the 48 bit address space is divided into two portions Unicast and Multicast The second bit is for global unique 0 or locally unique address The formeris assigned by the device manufacturer and the lateris usually assigned by the administrator In practice global unique addresses are always applied A unicast address is identified with a single network interface With this nature of MAC address a frame transmitted can exactly be received by the target an interface the destination MAC points to A multicast address is identified wth a group of network devices or network interfaces In Ethernet a many to many connectivity in the LANs is provided It provides a mean to send a frame to many netwo
57. iority and will have higher precedence to be sent out from port 1 Parameter descnption Disable IP TCP UDP Port Classification Belong to the QoS in L4 Just tick the option button and press lt Apply gt button to have this function taken affect Then enter Custom L4 to disable IPI TCP UDP port Classification for QoS Down prioritize web browsing e mail FTP and news Belong to the QoS in L4 Just tick the option button and press lt Apply gt button to have this function taken affect Then enter Custom L4 to set up Spedal TCP UDP port for QoS Prioritize IP Telephony VoIP Belong to the QoS in L4 Just tick the option button and press lt Apply gt button to have this function taken affect Then enter Custom L4 to set up Special TCP UDP port for QoS Priontize iSCSI Belong to the QoS in L4 Just tick the option button and press lt Apply gt button to have this function taken affect Then enter Custom L4 to set up Special TCP UDP port for QoS Priontize web browsing e mail FTP transfers and news Belong to the QoS in L4 Just tick the option button and press lt Apply gt button to have this function taken affect Then enter Custom L4 to set up Special TCP UDP port for QoS Prioritize Streaming Audio Video Belong to the QoS in L4 Just tick the option button and press lt Apply gt button to have this function taken affect Then enter Custom L4 to set up Special TCP UDP port for QoS Publication date Januar
58. itch Parameter description Max Frame Size for Jumbo Frame bytes Display the settings about the maximum length of the packet that each port of the switch can accept Maxmum length can be up to 1532 bytes or 9216 bytes The default is 1518 bytes Maximum Packet Length Port Max Frame Size Port Max Frame Size EE 1518 ial 1518 E 1518 Eg 1518 EN 1518 EJ 1518 Ta 1518 EN 1518 E 1518 Eq 1518 Beal 1518 EA 1518 EEJ 1518 Ey 1518 EE 1518 Eq 1518 Fig 4 32 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 92 User Manual 4 4 2 Warm Restart We offer you many ways to reboot the switch including power up hardware reset and software reset You can press the RESET button in the front panel to reset the switch and to retrieve default setting After upgrading software then you must reboot to have the new configuration taken effect Here we are discussing is software reset for the reboot in the main menu Function name Warm Restart Function description Reboot the switch Reboot takes the same effect as the RESET button on the front panel of the switch Press lt Yes gt button to confirm warm restart function and it will take around thirty 30 seconds to complete the system boot Giga Switch gt T F Configuration Warm Restart Monitoring dati Cveters Maintenance FT r anat LODIA Fig 4 33 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 93 User Manual 4 4 3 Factory Defaul
59. k prefix followed 8 bit host address There are 2 097 152 2 21 24 networks able to be defined wth a maximum of 254 248 2 hosts per network Bit 012 3 23 24 31 w o ee Network address Host address Publication date January 2005 Revision Al User Manual Class D and E Class D is a dass with first 4 MSB Most significance bit set to 1 1 1 0 and is used for IP Multicast See also RFC 1112 Class E isa class with first 4 MSB set to 1 1 1 1 and is used for IP broadcast According to IANA Intemet Assigned Numbers Authority there are three specific IP address blocks reserved and able to be used for extending internal network We call it Private IP address and list below ClassA 10 0 0 0 10 255 255 255 Class B 172 16 0 0 172 31 255 255 Class C 192 168 0 0 192 168 255 255 Please referto RFC 1597 and RFC 1466 for more information Subnet mask It means the sub division of a dass based network or a CIDR block The subnet is used to determine how to split an IP address to the network prefix and the host address in bitwise basis It is designed to utilize IP address more effidently and ease to manage IP network For a class B network 128 1 2 3 it may have a subnet mask 255 255 0 0 in default in which the first two bytes is with all 1s This means more than 60 thousands of nodes in flat IP address will be at the same network It s too large to manage practically Now if we divide it into smaller network by extending n
60. l 1 switch and connect all other switches to it at Level 2 Server Host is recommended to connect to the Level 1 switch This is general if no VLAN or other special requirements are applied Publication date January 2005 Revision Al I User Manual Case1 All switch ports are in the same local area network Every port can access each other See Fig 2 2 Fig 2 2 No VLAN Configuration Diagram If VLAN is enabled and configured each node in the network that can communicate each other directly is bounded in the same VLAN area Here VLAN area is defined by what VLAN you are using The switch supports both port based VLAN and tag based VLAN They are different in practical deployment especially in physical location The following diagram shows how it works and what the difference they are Case2a Port based VLAN See Fig 2 3 Fig 2 3 Port based VLAN Diagram 1 The same VLAN members could not be in different switches 2 Every VLAN members could not access VLAN members each other 3 The switch manager has to assign different names for each VLAN groups at one switch Publication date January 2005 Revision Al User Manual Case 2b Port based VLAN See Fig 2 4 Fig 2 4 Port based VLAN Diagram 1 VLAN1 members could not access VLAN2 VLAN3 and VLAN4 members 2 VLAN2 members could not access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members but they could access VLAN4 members 3 VLAN3 members could not access
61. l do the proper action on it The scheduler has many ways to implement and different chips may support different schedule algorithms Most common schedulers are FCFS First Come First Service Strictly Priority All High before Low Weighted Round Robin Set a weight figure to the packet with a priority level say 5 7 and next set another weight to the packet with a priority level say 2 4 and so on The WRR will transmit the packet with the weight So the packet of each priority level can be allocated a fixed bandwidth Bandwidth rating Bandwidth rating is the limitation set by administrator and it can be applied to those with SLA Bandwidth rating can be total bandwidth types of service of a port wth many steps The switch supports by port Ingress and Egress total bandwidth rate control capacity The bandwidth rate resolution is 0 1 Mbps 100Kbps and ranges from 0 to 100Mbps Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 38 User Manual 3 5 Virtual LAN Whatisa VLAN It is a subset of a LAN Before we discuss VLAN we must understand what LAN is In general a LAN is composed of different physical network segments bridged by switches or bridges which attach to end stations in the same broadcast domain The traffic can reach any station on the same LAN Beyond this domain the traffic cannot go without routers help This also implies that a LAN is limited If you need to communicate with the station outside the LAN a router i
62. ll show Down This is determined by the hardware on both devices of the connection No default value Speed Display the speed and duplex ofall port There are three speeds 10Mbps 100Mbps and 1000Mbps supported for TP media and the duplex supported is half duplex and full duplex If the media is 1Gbps fiber it is 1000Mbps supported only The status of speed duplex mode is determined by 1 the negotiation of both local port and link partner in Auto Speed mode or 2 user setting in Force mode The local port has to be preset its capability Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 85 User Manual Flow Control Show each port s flow control status There are two types of flow control in Ethemet Backpressure for half duplex operation and Pause flow control IEEE802 3x for full duplex operation The switch supports both of them Default Enabled Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 86 User Manual 4 4 1 3 Aggregation Function name Aggregation Status Function description Display the current setup of Aggregation Trunking Parameter descrption Normal Display the ports that do not join any aggregation trunking group Group 1 8 Display the members of the Group Aggregation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 HUH Fig 4 26 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 87 User Manual 4 4 1 4 VLAN Function name VLAN Status Function description Display the
63. ly according to the criteria needed for example financial accounting R amp D and whatever you think it necessary You can also easily move a user to a different location or join a new user somewhere in the building to VLAN Without VLAN it is very hard to do Basically VLAN can afford offering at least 3 benefits move and change users reduce broadcast traffic and increase perfomance Security Besides VLAN can highly reduce the traffic congestion and increase total performance because there are no more too many users in the same broadcast domain Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 40 User Manual There are many types of VLAN applied Most popular is port based VLAN tag based VLAN and protocol based VLAN Port based VLAN Some physical ports are configured as members of a VLAN All stations attached on these ports can communicate with each other Tag based VLAN It identifies the membership by VLAN ID no matter where the packet comes from Itis also referred to as 802 1Q VLAN Protocol based VLAN It identifies the VLAN membership by layer 3 protocol types for example IPX Appletalk IP etc Other VLAN technologies not mentioned above are MAC based VLAN IP based VLAN and so on Teminology Tagged Frame A frame carrying a tag field following the source MAC address is four bytes long and contains VLAN protocol ID and tag control information composed of user priority Canonical Format Indicator
64. mbination of speed mode 10 100 1000Mbps and duplex mode full duplex and half duplex The following table summarized the function the media supports Media type NWay Speed Duplex 1000M TP ON OFF _ 10 100 1000M ull for all Half for 10 100 1000M Fiber ON OFF 1000M ull Flow In Auto Speed mode no default value In Forced mode default value depends on your setting Control There are two modes to choose in flow control induding Enable and Disable If flow control is set Enable both parties can send PAUSE frame to the transmitting device s if the receiving port is too busy to handle When it is set Disable there will be no flow control in the port It drops the packet if too much to handle Default Enable Giga Switch e000 S888 Cont Monitoring Doren t Configuration iguration peli ye p gt eee ee tatiete ttrt Maintenance Fig 4 4 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 54 User Manual 4 2 3 VLAN Mode Configuration The switch supports Port based VLAN and Tag based VLAN 802 1q Support 16 active VLANs and VLAN ID 1 4094 VLAN configuration is used to partition your LAN into small ones as your demand Properly configuring it you can gain not only improving security and increasing perfomance but greatly reducing VLAN management Function name VLAN Mode Setting Function description The VLAN Mode Selection function indudes four modes Port based Tag based Met
65. media may be the only problem Application Presentation Session A Upper layer protocols Transport Network MAC client IEEE 802 specific Data link Media Access MAC IEEE 802 3 specific Physical Physical PHY Media specific Fig 3 1 IEEE 802 3 reference model vs OSI reference mode In Fig 3 1 we can see that Ethernet locates at the Data Link layer and Physical layer and comprises three portions induding logical link control LLC media access control MAC and physical layer The first two comprises Data link layer which performs splitting data into frame for transmitting receiving acknowledge frame error checking and re transmitting when not received correctly as well as provides an error free channel upward to network layer Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 23 User Manual Mil Coaxial STP UTP Fiber This above diagram shows the Ethernet architecture LLC subdayer and MAC sub layer which are responded to the Data Link layer and transceivers which are responded to the Physical layer in OSI model In this section we are mainly describing the MAC sub layer Logical Link Control LLC Data link layer is composed of both the sub layers of MAC and MAC client Here MAC client may be logical link control or bridge relay entity Logical link control supports the interface between the Ethemet MAC and upper layers in the protocol stack usually Network layer which is nothing to do with the na
66. nd Central Site Fig 2 10 isa system wide basic reference connection diagram This diagram demonstrates how the switch connects with other network devices and hosts Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 21 User Manual __ Financial ee Fig 2 11 Peer to peer Network Connection ween po n Soa 5 a y aT A a 1 S i 7 gi MIS oS eee ee l CS r __ Financial Fig 2 12 Office Network Connection Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 22 User Manual 3 Basic Concept and Management This chapter will tell you the basic concept of features to manage this switch and howthey work 3 1 What s the Ethernet Ethemet originated and was implemented at Xerox in Palo Alto CA in 1973 and was successfully commercialized by Digital Equipment Corporation DEC Intel and Xerox DIX in 1980 In 1992 Grand Junction Networks unveiled a new high speed Ethernet with the same characteristic of the original Ethemet but operated at 100Mbps called Fast Ethernet now This means Fast Ethermet inherits the same frame format CSMA CD software interface In 1998 Gigabit Ethernet was rolled out and provided 1000Mbps Now 10G s Ethernet is under approving Although these Ethernet have different speed they still use the same basic functions So they are compatible in software and can connect each other almost without limitation The transmission
67. o a Gigabit 10 100 1000 TP device Now you can start having the switch in operation Power On The switch supports 100 240 VAC 50 60 Hz power supply The power supply will automatically convert the local AC power source to DC power It does not matter whether any connection plugged into the switch or not when power on even modules as well After the power is on all LED indicators will light up immediately and then all off except the power LED still keeps on This represents a reset of the system Firmware Loading After resetting the bootloader will load the fimware into the memory It will take about 30 seconds after that the switch will flash all the LED once and automatically performs self test and isin ready state 2 1 2 Cabling Requirements To help ensure a successful installation and keep the network perfomance good please take a care on the cabling requirement Cables with worse specification wil render the LAN to work poony Publication date January 2005 Revision Al User Manual 2 1 2 1 Cabling Requirements for TP Ports For Fast Ethemet TP network connection The grade of the cable must be Cat 5 or Cat 5e with a maximum length of 100 meters Gigabit Ethernet TP network connection The grade of the cable must be Cat 5 or Cat 5e with a maximum length of 100 meters Cat 5e is recommended 2 1 2 2 Cabling Requirements for 1000SX LX SFP Module It is more complex and comprehensive contrast to TP cablin
68. ocks to each of them NETS VID Network Address l 10 1 2 0 24 10 13 0124 7014024 Administration 10 1 1 0 24 Table 3 7 Here we apply the subnet mask 255 255 255 and each VLAN is capable of supporting 254 nodes Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 44 User Manual 3 6 Link Aggregation Basically Link Aggregation is to aggregate the bandwidth of more than one port to an assigned logical link This highly increases total bandwidth to the targeted device There is more than one Link Aggregation technology in many vendors switch products already which may cause the problem of interoperability This is the reason why now we have 802 3ad LinkAggregation Control Protocol LACP Why 802 3ad LACP Network is varying For example if a port malfunctioned or unplugged accidentally in a static trunk port administrator has to reconfigure it or the network will get trouble Therefore offering a tool with automatic recovery capability is necessary for an administrator LACP isa protocol that allows a switch able to know whether its partner has the capability to co setup a trunk between them Usually if administrator wishes to increase the bandwidth of a specific link he may Buy new network equipments with higher throughput or 2 Aggregate the bandwath of more than one port to a logical link If the item 1 is the case you wil pay much more cost beyond your budget and the solution caused by the limitation
69. of MAC control frame Normally in 10Mbps and 100Mbps Ethemet only symmetric flow control is supported However some switches e g 16 Gigabit Web Smart Switch support not only symmetric but asymmetric flow controls for the specal application In Gigabit Ethernet both symmetric flow control and asymmetric flow control are supported Asymmetric flow control only allows transmitting PAUSE frame in one way from one side the other side is not but receipt and discard the flow control information Symmetric flow control allows both two ports to transmit PASUE frames each other simultaneously Inter frame Gap time After the end of a transmission if a network node is ready to transmit data out and if there is no carrier signal on the medium at that time the device will wait for a period of time known as an inter frame gap time to have the medium dear and stabilized as well as to have the jobs ready such as adjusting buffer counter updating counter and so on in the receiver site Once the inter frame gap time expires after the de assertion of carrier sense the MAC transmits data In IEEE802 3 specification this is 96 bit time or mor Collision Collision happens only in half duplex operation When two or more network nodes transmit frames at approximately the same time a collision always occurs and interferes with each other This results the carrier signal distorted and un discriminated MAC can afford detecting through the physical layer
70. of hardware performance may not be scalable If the item 2 is the case now you do not have to pay much more extra cost and can keep flexible according to the demand of bandwidth because all equipments are there already And what s more you can avoid worrying about the interoperability issue Applying LACP in your network you will not only gain benefits below to improve the performance of your network but also have these investments usable to future new products Public standardized specification No interoperability issue No change to IEEE 802 3 frame format no change in software and management Increased bandwidth and availability Load sharing and redundancy Automatic configuration Rapid configuration and reconfiguration Deterministic behavior Low risk of duplication or mis ordering Support existing IEEE 802 3 MAC Clients Backwards compatibility with aggregation unaware devices There are also some constraints when applying LACP LACP does not support inter switch bandwidth aggregation The ports aggregated must operate in full duplex mode The ports in the same LinkAggregation Group must have the same speed for example all with 100Mbps or all 1000Mbps You cannot aggregate a 1000Mbps and two 100Mbps for a 1 2Gbps trunk port Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 45 User Manual Terminology LinkAggregation It isa method to have multiple physical links with the same media and speed bundled to be a logical link f
71. on Sniffer Mode Display the status the activation or de activation of Port Mirror function Default is disable Sniffer Port Display the port for monitoring Valid port is Port 1 16 and default is Port 1 Source Port Display the port for being monitored Valid port is Port 1 16 Mirror Disable E Source Port Fig 4 30 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 90 User Manual 4 4 1 6 Trap Event Function name Trap Event Status Function description The Trap Events status function is used to display the switch s trap infomation sent out while pre defined trap events occurred Parameter description These trap functions are as they describe The traps that the switch supports are listed below Boot Wam Boot Cold Boot Login Illegal Login Link Link Up Link Down Tx Rx error Rx error threshold Tx error threshold 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 System Event Warm Boot Cold Boot Illegal Login Illegal Login Counter 0 TP and Fiber Port Event Link Up B Link Up Counter o Link Down i Link Down Counter o T Rx error threshold Rx error threshold Counter i Tx error threshold x error threshold Counter i Error threshold 10 Fig 4 31 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 9 User Manual 4 4 1 7 Maximum Packet Length Function name Max Packet Length Status Function description Display the settings of the maximum packet length that each port can accept in this sw
72. orming a Link Aggregation Group with a group ID With the viewpoint of MAC dient each LinkAggregation Group is an independent link There are three cases of link used in the network which are switch to switch switch to station and station to station Here station may be a host or a router Link Aggregation called port trunking sometimes has two types of link configuration incduding static port trunk and dynamic port trunk Static PortT runk When physical links are changed administrator needs to manually configure the switches one by one Dynamic Port Trunk When physical links are changed LACP takes over and automatically reconfigure Administrator does not have to do anything and may see the trap message of LACP changed in NMS bas qp2x 1000Mb s Hh ax 0b Ze P 2x 1000Mb s 22x 1000Mb s ay _ 2x100Mb s gt 2x 100Mb s 4 x 100Mb s T q 2x 100Mb s 2 x 100Mb s D2 x 100Mb s x s 10Mb s 10Mb s 10Mb s 10Mb s 2 a bu 4 g g aE P S P 8 5 Se aS ee ee a ee LS Fig 3 10 Example of Link Aggregation Application Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 46 User Manual 4 Operation of Web based Management This chapter instructs you how to configure and manage the 16 Gigabit Web Smart Switch through the web user interface it supports to access and manage 14 10 100 1000Mbps TP Port and 2 Gigabit TP SFP Fiber dual media port The switch provides 14 fixe
73. ort It also can be referred to as PVID When an untagged frame or a priority tagged frame is received the frame will be inserted the PVID of that port in the VLAN tag field The frame with VID assigned by a port is called PVID Each port can only be assigned a PVID The default value for PVID is 1 the same as VID Ingress filtering The process to check a received packet and compare its VID to the VLAN membership of the ingress port The ingress filtering can be set by per port When receiving a packet VLAN bridge examines if the VID in the frame s header presents If the VID of the received packet presents the VID of the packet is used And VLAN bridge will check its MAC address table to see if the destination ports are members of the same VLAN If both are members of the tagged VLAN then the packet will be forwarded If the packet is an untagged ora null tag packet the ingress port s PVID is applied to the packet VLAN bridge will then look up the MAC address table and determine to which ports the packet should be forwarded Next it will check to see if the destination ports belong to the same VLAN with that PVID If the destination ports are members of the VLAN used by ingress port the packet will be forwarded Note VID can not be 0 or 4095 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 42 User Manual Ingress Rule Each packet received by a VLAN aware bridge will be classified to a VLAN The dassification rule is des
74. ost identifier address The former indicates the network where the addressed host resides and the latterindicates the individual host in the network which the address of host refers to And the host identifier must be unique in the same LAN Here the term of IP address we used is version 4 known as IPv4 32 bits a Network identifier Host identifier Fig 2 8 IP address structure Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 16 User Manual With the cassful addressing it divides IP address into three classes class A class B and dass C The rest of IP addresses are for multicast and broadcast The bit length of the network prefix is the same as that of the subnet mask and is denoted as IP address X for example 192 168 1 0 24 Each class has its address range described below ClassA Address is less than 126 255 255 255 There are a total of 126 networks can be defined because the address 0 0 0 0 is reserved for default route and 127 0 0 0 8 is reserved for loopback function Bit 01 78 31 Network address Host address Class B IP address range between 128 0 0 0 and 191 255 255 255 Each class B network hasa 16 bit network prefix followed 16 bit host address There are 16 384 2414 16 networks able to be defined wth a maxmum of 65534 2 16 2 hosts per network Bit 012 15 16 31 O Network address Host address Class C IP address range between 192 0 0 0 and 223 255 255 255 Each dass C network has a 24 bit networ
75. packet will be dropped Tag This is an egress rule of the port Here you can choose untag or tag Tag means the outgoing packets must carry VLAN tag header just tick the check box M4 Untag means the outgoing packets carry no VLAN tag header Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 61 User Manual Untag State If you checked this function for a Tag out port the packet form this port may be tag out But the packet would be untag out if the VID of its tag is the same as the value of Untag VID while Untag VID state is Enable Untag VID Valid range is 0 4094 Tiga Switch PVID Configuration Configuration O O Daek 3 1 Chath lr T D O 0 imi a i D l iow a fi ie O OO A deste MG E i O 0 O crm sw fi EN O O O bw i EH Oo O Dete t EH oF O OF O imes 3 at 1 O OO O Om j EE O0 oO 0 Dw EEJ D o 0 im i EJ i O CO OC Dwn fs E i Oo o 0 iGnw fi i O 07 CF Duw w 3 1 O mmi fr pete oy Pade tiop Fann fore Wornentier hort Factors Oven Sate 2 0809 Untagged Frome Lona Fig 4 10 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 62 User Manual 4 2 6 Aggregation Configuration The Aggregation Port Trunking Configuration is used to configure the settings of Link Aggregation You can bundle more than one port with the same speed full duplex and the same MAC to be a single logical port thus the logical port aggregates the bandwidth of these ports This means you can apply yo
76. ritize web browsing e mail FTP and news port number 80 280 443 25 110 20 21 69 119 2009 Prioritize IP Telephony VoIP 1718 1719 1720 Prioritize iSCS1 3225 3260 3420 Priontize web browsing e mail FTP transfers and news 80 280 443 25 110 20 21 69 119 2009 Prioritize Streaming Audio Video 2979 1755 7070 707 1 554 8000 Priontize Databases Oracle IBM DB2 SQL Microsoft 66 1571 1575 523 118 156 3306 1232 1433 1434 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 71 User Manual Quality of Service QoS Layer 4 Configuration Diab P TOPUDP Pont Ganiicstion Down priotiite web broewdng a FTP and news Pileetize IP Telephony Vom Piieetize ISOS Piloskize web lneweled email FTP marsieos aad news Pricetize Ste amiag Ando Walea Pileetize Databases iache IWM DO2 SOL Miciosatt e la a a E T Pen Center Custom 2 Centar I Customs 0 Custer Centarc n Custom 9 Cotare 1 Custom D Cunten O Ce Fig 4 16 Advanced Mode Giga Switch S Configuration Quality of Service QoS Layer 4 Configuration Dialde TOPVOP Pon Caaifcrtion D pown prioritine web brewing eal FTP and news OP Meetize IP Talepbany omy OPiieetize SCSI OP Hostize web lnewiing samail FTP mataten aad news D Piieetize Ste aning Audio Video OP Heetize Databases Oracle IWM DOZ SOL Miciossht Maintenance CN Fig 4 17 Simple Mode Simple Mode Press lt Simple gt button is to retum to the screen that
77. rk devices at a time When all bit of DA is 1s it isa broadcast which means all network device except the sender itself can receive the frame and response Ethemet Frame Format There are two major forms of Ethernet frame type encapsulation and length encapsulation both of which are categorized as four frame formats 802 3 802 2 SNAP 802 3 802 2 Ethernet Il and Netware 802 3 RAW We will introduce the basic Ethernet frame fomat defined by the IEEE 802 3 standard required for all MAC implementations It contains seven fields explained below TyperLength Data_ Padbitiany 7 7 6 le 2 mw Fig 3 3 Ethernet frame structure Preamble PRE The PRE is 7 byte long with alternating pattern of ones and zeros used to tell the receiving node that a frame is coming and to synchronize the physical receiver with the incoming bit stream The preamble pattern is 10101010 10101010 10101010 10101010 10101010 10101010 10101010 Start of frame delimiter SFD The SFD is one yte long with alternating pattern of ones and zeros ending wth two consecutive 1 bits It immediately follows the preamble and uses the last two consecutive 1s bit to indicate that the next bitis the start of the data packet and the left most bit in the left most byte of the destination address The SFD pattern is 10101011 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al User Manual Destination address DA The DA field is used to identify which network device
78. rk framework We focus on TOS field of IP header There are three bits in TOS field We means bit 2 4 of TOS field that we will use According to these 3 bits we could arrange 8 trafics O0 00 001 010 010 100 101 110 111 Aslong as we change bit 5 7 of TOS field of IP header we will create the 8 traffic packets we meant before Moreover we can set High priority or Low priority for each traffic dass For instance if we letTOS 0 00 be high priority and TOS 0 01 be Low Priority we sent in the packets that have bit 5 7 of TOS Field appears 0 0 0 from the port 2 and the packets that have bit 5 7 of TOS Field appears 0 0 1 from the port 3 We let the two kinds of packets be transmitted for port 1 until the port results in congestion The resultis that the packets will be dropped partially from the port 3 because the packets that belong to Low Prionty For the use of TOS Priority function please press Configure at the right section for setting in advance Giga Switch e808 898 Configuration Quality of Service QoS ToS Configuration i L tes Monitoring Lasta rerent Maintenance anat Fig 4 15 Parameter description Quality of Service QoS ToS Configuration Used for setting up the QoS in Layer 3 Port User can set up the port 1 16 respectively to let TOS QoS function work on them If you would like to set up all ports at a time user is also allowed to choose All in the selection list to simplify the pro
79. ro mode or Disable you can choose one of them by pulling down list and pressing the lt Downward gt arrow key Then cick lt Apply gt button the settings will take affect immediately Parameter descnption VLAN Mode Disable Stop VLAN function on the switch In this mode no VLAN is applied to the switch This is the default setting Port based Port based VLAN is defined by port Any packet coming in or outgoing from any one port of a port based VLAN will be accepted No filtering criterion applies in port based VLAN The only criterion is the physical port you connect to For example for a port based VLAN named PVLAN 1 contains port members Port 1 amp 2 amp 3 amp 4 If you are on the port 1 you can communicate wth port 2 amp 3 amp 4 If you are on the port 5 then you cannot talk to them Each port based VLAN you built up must be assigned a group name This switch can support up to maximal 16 port based VLAN groups Tag based Tag based VLAN identifies its member by VID This is quite different from port based VLAN If there are any more rules in ingress filtering list or egress filtering list the packet wil be screened wth more filtering criteria to determine if it can be forwarded The switch supports supplement of 802 1q For more details please see the section VLAN in Chapter 3 Each tag based VLAN you built up must be assigned VLAN name and VLAN ID Valid VLAN ID is 1 4094 User can create total up to 16 Tag VLAN group
80. ry 2005 Revision Al 95 User Manual 5 Maintenance 5 1 Resolving No Link Condition The possible causes for a no link LED status are as follows The attached device is not powered on The cable may not be the correct type or is faulty The installed building premise cable is faulty The port may be faulty 5 2 Q amp A 1 Computer A can connect to Computer B but cannot connect to Computer C through the 16 Gigabit Web Smart Switch The network device of Computer C may fail to work Please check the link act status of Computer C on the LED indicator Try another network device on this connection The network configuration of Computer C may be something wrong Please verify the network configuration on Computer C 2 The uplink connection function fails to work The connection ports on another must be connection ports Please check if connection ports are used on that 16 Gigabit Web Smart Switch Please check the uplink setup of the 16 Gigabit Web Smart Switch to verify the uplink function is enabled 3 The console interface cannot appear on the console port connection 16 Gigabit Web Smart Switch has no console port so you cannot use console interface to connect wth 16 Gigabit Web Smart Switch 4 How to configure the 16 Gigabit Web Smart Switch User can use IE browser program in window series of computer to control the web smart functions in 16 Gigabit Web Smart Switch First choose any port in 16 Gigabit Web Smart Switch
81. s Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 55 User Manual Metro Mode The Metro Mode is a quick configuration VLAN environment method on Port based VLAN It wil create 14 or 15 Port based VLAN groups Giga Switch RE SSS Sess VLAN Mode Configuration lig Eart Hac Packst Lerctt Monitoring pasica Oveters CETE Maintenance Zsa Aun Sunat Factors Osua Lopaal Fig 4 5 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 56 User Manual Up link Port This function is enabled only when metro mode is chosen in VLAN mode 15 Except Port 15 each port of the switch cannot transmit packets with each other Each port groups a VLAN with Port 15 thus total 15 groups consisting of 2 members are formed 16 Except Port 16 each port of the switch cannot transmit packets with each other Each port groups a VLAN with Port 16 thus total 15 groups consisting of 2 members are formed 15816 Except Port 15 and Port 16 each port of the switch cannot transmit packets with each other Each port groups a VLAN with Port 15 and Port 16 thus total 14 groups consisting of 3 members are formed Giga Switch es oe VLAN Mode Configuration Monitoring asus Crecame Maintenance Soe n Sarat Ca Lopar Fig 4 6 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 57 User Manual 4 2 4 VLAN Group Configuration Function name VLAN Group Configuration Function descrip
82. s should receive the packet It is a unique address Please see the section of MAC addressing Source addresses SA The SA field indicates the source node The SA is always an individual address and the left most bit in the SA field is always 0 Length Type This field indicates either the number of the data bytes contained in the data field of the frame or the Ethernet type of data If the value of first two bytes isless than or equal to 1500 in decimal the number of bytes in the data field is equal to the Length Type value i e this field acts as Length indicator at this moment When this field acts as Length the frame has optional fields for 802 3 802 2 SNAP encapsulation 802 3 802 2 encapsulation and Netware 802 3 RAW encapsulation Each of them has different fields following the Length field If the Length Type value is greater than 1500 it means the Length Type acts as Type Different type value means the frames with different protocols running over Ethernet being sent or received For example 0x0800 IP datagram 0x0806 ARP 0x0835 RARP 0x8137 IPX datagram Ox86DD IPv6 Data Less than or equal to 1500 bytes and greater or equal to 46 bytes If data is less than 46 bytes the MAC will automatically extend the padding bits and have the payload be equal to 46 bytes The length of data field must equal the value of the Length field when the Length Type acts as Length Frame check sequence FCS Thisfield contains a
83. s needed which always lies on the edge of the LAN For a layer 2 VLAN it assumes it is a logical subset of a physical LAN separated by specific rules such as tag port MAC address and so on In other words they can communicate with each other between separated small physical LANs within a LAN but can not be between any two separated logical LANs Mini Frame am uate J me A i m r ea Eng saree Z f f f X aS a a f f f p p A j To Z Fa y j i i A p of f f Fi Y N de ee 4 f P f i Y y LZ Fi y Printer ror gt a m m ee a Workstatio Fig 3 7 In the figure above all stations are within the same broadcast domain For these stations it is obviously that the traffic is getting congested while adding more stations on it With the more and more users joining the LAN broadcast traffic will rapidly decrease the performance of the network Finally the network may get down Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 39 User Manual Router Fig 3 8 Now we apply VLAN technology to configure the system shown as the figure above We can partition the users into the different logical networks which have their own broadcast domain The traffic will not disturb among these logical networks The users 1x x denotes a d are members of VLAN 1 Any traffic within VLAN 1 does not flow to VLAN 2 and others This helps us configure the network easi
84. s of Ethernet Actually the practice Gigabit Ethernet chips do not feature this so far They all have their chips supported full duplex mode only as well as all network vendors devices So this criterion should not exist at the present time and in the future The switch s Gigabit module supports only full duplex mode 416 bytes for 1000Base X 520 bytes for 1000Base T o eee oe eee ee og Lengthitype Data Pad FCS Extension Se TF 4 bytes Fig 3 4 Gigabit Ethernet Frame Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 30 User Manual Parameter _value LAN toosase 1000Base Max collision A 100 meters for UTP 100 meters for UTP ee DTE to 100 meters 412 meters for fiber 316 meters for fiber Max collision domain with 2500 meters 205 meters 200 meters repeater Slot time 512 bit times 512 bit imes 512 bit times Interframe Gap AttemptLimit BackoffLimit JamSize MaxFrameSize MinFrameSize BurstLimit Not applicable Not applicable 65536 bits Table 3 4 Ethernet parameters f or half duplex mode i minFrameSize slotTime 7 i FCS Coverage 1 H late collision threshold slotTime Duration of Carrier Event In full duplex operation mode both transmitting and receiving frames are processed simultaneously This doubles the total bandwidth Full duplex is m
85. smit or receive frame at a moment but cannot do both jobs at the same time As the transmission of a MAC frame with the half duplex operation exists only in the same collision domain the carrier signal needs to spend time to travel to reach the targeted device For two most distant devices in the same collision domain when one sends the frame first and the second sends the frame in worst case just before the frame from the first device arrives The collision happens and will be detected by the second device immediately Because of the medium delay this corrupted signal needs to spend some time to propagate back to the first device The maximum time to detect a collision is approximately twice the signal propagation time between the two most distant devices This maximum time is traded off by the collision recovery time and the diameter of the LAN In the original 802 3 specification Ethemet operates in half duplex only Under this condition when in 10Mbps LAN it s 2500 meters in 100Mbps LAN it s approximately 200 meters andin 1000Mbps 200 meters According to the theory it should be 20 meters Butit s not practical so the LAN diameter is kept by using to increase the minimum frame size with a variable length non data extension bit field which is removed at the receiving MAC The following tables are the frame format suitable for 10M 100M and 1000M Ethernet and some parameter values that shall be applied to all of these three type
86. status of VLAN mode and VLAN group setting Parameter description VLAN Mode Display Port based Tag based and metro mode which depends on the setting in VLAN mode configuration function ID Display the Group ID Description Display the description defined by administrator is associated with a VLAN group VID Display VLAN identifier Each tag based VLAN group has a unique VID It appears only in tag based mode Member Display the port members belonging to each VLAN Group VLAN Tag Based LAN ID Description VID Member 1 Default 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Fig 4 27 Tag based VLAN VLAN Port Based LAN ID Description Member il Default ees pelea era He ba Wo a Ba a ea ie ke i a i Fig 4 28 Port based VLAN Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 88 User Manual ID Description J Member VLAN Metro Mode 1 Default1 2 Default2 3 Default3 4 Default4 5 Default5 6 Default6 7 Default 8 Default8 9 Default9 10 Defaulti0 11 Default11 12 Default12 13 Default13 14 Default14 Fig 4 29 Metro mode VLAN 1 15 16 2 15 16 31516 4 15 16 5 15 16 6 15 16 7 15 16 8 15 16 9 15 16 10 15 16 T1 15 16 12 15 16 a Des ep ba Ua 14 15 16 89 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al User Manual 4 4 1 5 Mirror Function name Mirror Status Function description Mirror Status isto display the setting result of mirror configuration Parameter descripti
87. t Function name Factory Default Function description Factory Default Configuration function can retrieve default setting to replace the working configuration Giga Switch im lt eT Configuration Restore Default Configuration tap Ba fax Packet Langit Monitoring masu retro CETTE Maintenance zsa Fig 4 34 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 94 User Manual 4 4 4 Logout Besides the auto logout function as we mentioned above in the section of system configuration the switch also allows the user to logout manually by performing the Logout function Function name Logout Function description The switch allows you to logout the system to prevent other users from the system without the permission If you do not logout and exit the browser the switch will automatically have you logout Besides this manually logout and implicit logout you can set up the parameter of Auto Logout Timer in system configuration function to explicitly ON OFF this logout function Parameter description Auto Manual Logout If no action and no key is stroke as well in any function screen more than the minutes you set up in Auto Logout Timer the switch wil have you logout automatically Or press the lt Logout gt button in Logout function to exit the system manually Giga Switch e wees S082 Configuration Logout Boat Maintenance uat Fig 4 35 Publication date Janua
88. t Each of them will be described in detail orderly in the following sections Configuration System Configuration Ports Configuration VLAN Mode Configuration VLAN Group Configuration PVID Configuration Aggregation Configuration Mirror Configuration QoS Configuration Bandwidth Management Trap Event Configuration Max Packet Length Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 50 User Manual 4 2 1 System Configuration System configuration is one of the most important configurations in the switch Without the proper setting network manager will not be able to manage or view the device The switch supports manual IP address setting When IP address is changed you must reboot the switch to have the setting taken effect and use the new IP to browse for web management Giga Switch Er 00s S339 Configuration System Configuration 00 40 c7 p8 00 38 O 1 09 viol naneotooonsa ety oS az are ask tw 16811 Gosari Amaren Packet Lerctt NaS ae Monitoring Laide e ecese Maintenance anat Fig 4 3 Function name System Configuration Function description Set IP address subnet mask default gateway system name password and auto logout timer forthe switch Parameter description MAC Address Itis the Ethernet MAC address of the management agent in this switch Firmware Version The firmware version of this switch Hardware Version The hardware version of this switch Serial Number
89. t box PRIVATE GS1116C MIB DEFINITIONS BEGIN IMPORTS mib 2 DisplayString iflndex FROM RFC1213 MIB enterprises Counter TimeTicks Gauge lpAddress FROM RFC1155 SMI OBJECT TYPE FROM RFC 1212 TRAP TYPE FROM RFC 1215 privatetech OBJECT IDENTIFIER enterprises 5205 switch OBJECT IDENTIFIER privatetech 2 gsi116cProductld OBJECT IDENTIFIER switch 8 gsi116cProduces OBJECT IDENTIFIER gs1116cProductld 1 gs1116clllegalLogin TRAP T YPE ENTERPRISE gs1116cProductld DESCRIPTION Send this trap when the illegal user try to login the Web management UI n 1 gsi116cRxErrorThreshold TRAP TYPE ENTERPRISE gs1116cProductld VARIABLES iflndex DESCRIPTION Send this trap when the number of the Rx bad packet over the Rx Error Threshold The OID value means the port number 1 2 gsi116cTxErrorThreshold TRAP TYPE ENTERPRISE gs1116cProductld VARIABLES iflndex DESCRIPTION Send this trap when the number of the Tx bad packet over the Tx Error Threshold The OID value means the port number 1 3 END Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 101
90. tion It shows the existed information of VLAN Groups List and maintains them i e modify and delete one of them User also can add a new VLAN group by inputting anew VLAN name and VLAN ID If you are in port based VLAN it will just show the ID gt Description gt Member of the existed port based VLAN group If you are in tag based VLAN it will show the ID gt Description VID gt Member of the existed tag based VLAN group The switch cannot store the configuration of port based VLAN and tag based VLAN separately When you choose one of VLAN mode the switch will bring you the responded VLAN configuration which keeps the default data You can easily create and delete a VLAN group by pressing lt Add Group gt and lt Delete Group gt function buttons or click the Group ID directly to edit it Parameter description ID Group ID When you want to edita VLAN group you must select the Group ID field Then you will enter Tag Base VLAN Group Setting or Port Base VLAN Group Setting page which depends on your VLAN mode selection Description The description defined by administrator is associated wth a VLAN group VID VLAN identifier Each tag based VLAN group has a unique VID It appears only in tag based mode Member Thisis used to enable or disable if a port isa member of the new added VLAN Enable means it is a member of the VLAN Just tick the check box M1 beside the port x to enable it Publication date Janu
91. tion date January 2005 Revision Al 83 User Manual MAC Address To show the Ethernet MAC address of this switch System Name To show the spedal name for this switch Auto Logout Timer To show the setting of auto logout timer in the web UI Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 84 User Manual 4 4 1 2 TP Fiber Ports Status Function name TP Fiber Ports Status Function description TP Fiber Ports Status function is applied to display the latest updated status of all portsin this switch In this function you can view the following setting link status speed and flow control All of them are described in detail below TP Port Status Port Link Status Speed _ Flow Control Port Link Status Speed Flow Control 100FDX Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Fiber Port Status Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Fig 4 25 Parameter description Port Display the port number The number is 1 16 Both port 15 and 16 are optional modules Link Status Show thatif the link on the portis active or not If the link is connected to a working well device the Link Status will show the current link speed and duplex If the connection is broken it wi
92. ture of the LAN So it can operate over other different LAN technology such as Token Ring FDDI and so on Likewise for the interface to the MAC layer LLC defines the services with the interface independent of the medium access technology and with some of the nature of the medium itself Publication date January 2005 Revision Al User Manual DSAP SSAP address address Control Information DSAP address Destination service access point address field SSAP address Source service access point address field Control Control field 16 bits for formats that include sequence numbering and 8 bits for formats that do not see 5 2 Information Information field Multiplication M Aninteger _ equal to or greater than 0 Upper bound of M is a function of the medium access control methodolbgy used Table 3 1 LLC Format The table 3 1 is the format of LLC PDU It comprises four fields DSAP SSAP Control and Information The DSAP address field identifies the one or more service access points in which the I G bit indicates it is individual or group address If all bit of DSAP is 1s it s a global address The SSAP address field identifies the specific services indicated by C R bit command or response The DSAP and SSAP pair with some reserved values indicates some well known services listed in the table below OxFFFF Novell IPX 802 3 RAW packet 0x4242 STP BPDU Ox0606 ooo o eee 0x9898 Table 3 2 LLC type 1 conn
93. uch easier than half duplex because it does not involve media contention collision retransmission schedule padding bits for short frame The rest functions follow the specification of IEEE802 3 For example it must meet the requirement of minimum inter frame gap between successive frames and frame format the same as that in the half duplex operation Because no collision wil happen in full duplex operation for sure there isno mechanism to tell all the involved devices What will it be if receiving device is busy and a frame is coming at the same time Can it use backpressure to tell the source device A function flow control is introduced in the full duplex operation Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 31 User Manual 3 3 Flow Control Flow control is a mechanism to tell the source device stopping sending frame for a spedfied period of time designated by target device until the PAUSE time expires This is accomplished by sending a PAUSE frame from target device to source device When the target is not busy and the PAUSE time is expired it will send another PAUSE frame with zero time to wait to source device After the source device receives the PAUSE frame it will again transmit frames immediately PAUSE frame is identical in the fom of the MAC frame with a pause time value and with a special destination MAC address 01 80 C2 00 00 01 As per the spedification PAUSE operation can not be used to inhibit the transmission
94. ur current Ethemet equipments to build the bandwidth aggregation For example if there are three Fast Ethernet ports aggregated in a logical port then this logical port has bandwidth three times as high asa single Fast Ethernet port has Function name Aggregation Configuration Function description Display the current setup of Aggregation Trunking With this function user is allowed to add a new trunking group or modify the members of an existed trunking group Parameter description Normal Setup the ports that do not join any aggregation trunking group Group 1 8 Group the ports you choose together Up to 8 ports can be selected for each group Giga Switch ees S338 Configuration Aggregation Trunking Configuration eiagemect Aer Packet Langit Monitoring Maintenance Fig 4 11 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 63 User Manual 4 2 7 Mirror Configuration Function name Mirror Configuration Function description Mirror Configuration is to monitor the traffic of the network For example we assume that Port A and Port B are Sniffer Port and Source Port respectively thus the traffic passed by Port B will be copied to Port A for monitoring Parameter description Sniffer Mode Used for the activation or de activation of Port Mirror function Default is disable Sniffer Port Set up the port for monitoring Valid port is Port 1 16 and default is Port 1 Source Port
95. x Jn Monitoring packets in 5 serende Maintenance sat L Apply ara Sextet Laaa Fig 4 20 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 76 User Manual 4 2 11 Max Packet Length Function name Max Packet Length Function description The switch is capable of dealing with 9k Jumbo Frames which suits the transmission for a large amount of data in the network environment Parameter descrption Max Frame Size for Jumbo Frame bytes Setup the maximum length of the packet that each port of the switch can accept Maximum length can be up to 1532 bytes or 9216 bytes The default is 1518 bytes Giga Switch e 883 8388 Maximum Packet Length Configuration ramy Sine IL 1513 isia F m E 1610 stn ERINE isn osoik anneme mn F fis Tekst larg Src a 1510 iai 1518 Monitoring a dalle a arturo o5 ms om Fig 4 21 Publication date January 2005 Revision Al 77 User Manual 4 3 Monitoring There are two functions contained in the monitoring function Monitoring Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics 4 3 1 Statistics Overview The function of Statistics Overview collects any information and provides the counting summary about the traffic of the port no matter the packet is good or bad In the Fig 4 22 the window can show all ports counter information at the same time If the counting is overflow the counter will be reset and r
96. y 2005 Revision Al 70 User Manual Priontize Databases Oracle IBM DB2 SQL Microsoft Belong to the QoS in L4 Just tick the option button and press lt Apply gt button to have this function taken affect Then enter Custom L4 to set up Special TCP UDP port for QoS Advanced Mode Display the TCP UDP port number in L4 QoS In Disable IP TCP UDP Port Classification mode the QoS of L4 is disabled As to other spedal L4 QoS events Special TCP UDP port number wil be took action Of course user could be allowed to add or modify the port number at random For instance if we choose Down prioritize web browsing e mail FTP and news as the QoS of L4 and enter the Advanced Mode then we can see that some spedcal port number 80 280 443 25 110 20 21 69 119 2009 have been configured already User also has the right to modify these port numbers The display is shown as Fig 4 16 Spedal TCP UDP dass There are two modes for selection induding Low and High Default class all other TCP UDP ports There are two modes for selection induding Low and High Port User can set up the port 1 16 respectively to let Special TDP UDP class function work on them If you would like to set up all ports at a time user is allowed to choose All selection to simplify the procedure of configuration Spedal UDP T CP Port Selection The following are port numbers defined by six specific networks in L4 Down prio

Edimax ES-516G+ 16 + 2 SFP Module Slots Smart Switch

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