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Perreaux E160 Stereo Amplifier User Manual
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1. than transistors at cut off and provide a greater linearity when crossing over from one device to the other Because crossover distortion is a major cause of odd order harmonic distortion in transistor amplifiers be it small i e 0 05 total they are usually considered to sound more harsh than valve amplifiers which generally have large amounts of even order harmonic distortion up to 5 and are thought to sound more pleasant and musical However which is more accurate The valve amplifier at 5 THD with a pleasant sound and even order harmonics the transistor amplifier with 0 05 THD with relatively unpleasant sound with even and odd harmonic output or a power MOSFET amplifier with 0 02 THD and relatively pleasant even order harmonic distortion In our opinion the power MOSFET amplifier because the THD generated is virtually all second or even order harmonic distortion total 0 02 or less at 20kHz and down to 0 004 or less at 1kHz It can be seen that power MOSFETs are here to stay and that there are major sonic and electrical improvements to be had over other output devices 23 Note Cover Front Panel 24 PRERRE AUK 3 Care and Maintenance The E160 has been designed to provide many years of trouble free enjoyment It s important to keep the exterior of the unit clean and to periodically ensure that the air cooling grills remain clear from obstruction Please switch the unit off and remove the cord set from the r
2. E160 160W Stereo Power Amplifier Owners Manual PEERR E AUX 1 Perreaux Industries Limited makes no warranty for the use of its products other than those expressly contained in the warranty detailed herein The Company assumes no responsibility for any errors which may appear in this document reserves the right to change products or specifications detailed herein at any time without notice and does not make any commitment to update the information contained herein No licenses to patents or other intellectual property of Perreaux are granted by the Company in connection with the sale of Perreaux products expressly or by implication PERREAUX is a registered trademark of Perreaux Industries Ltd Terms and product names in this document may be trademarks of others PRERREAUK 3 This page has intentionally been left blank Features at a Glance PRERRE AUK 3 Introducing the Perreaux E160 Power Amplifier Congratulations on your Perreaux E160 purchase To realise the full potential of your unit you need to appreciate all aspects of its operation Before installing the E160 into your system read the entire manual carefully Endeavor to understand every detail by familiarising yourself with the controls and features as you read You will find it easier to install using the relevant sections of this manual as a reference We have attempted to explain every feature and operational facet clearly and concisely In the event
3. Severe damage can result from applying incorrect voltage to the unit Mains Fuse The E160 is equipped with a user serviceable AC mains fuse In the event of fuse failure always replace with the same type and value fuse Remember fuses do not usually blow without a reason Any doubts about fuse failure should be conveyed directly to your Perreaux dealer For more information on fuse ratings please refer to Chapter 13 Specifications This is the ONLY user accessible fuse Never replace the fuses with any other ratings other than the one specified on the rear panel Always ensure your E160 is disconnected from the mains supply before attempting to change the mains fuse 0 Input Voltage and Fuse Rating Input Voltage It is important that the E160 be operated from the correct AC mains voltage This unit is factory set for the voltage applicable to the original country of destination The E160 will operate satisfactorily within a voltage variation of up to 5 of that voltage at which the unit has been set If you require the voltage setting to be altered e g relocation to another area city or country or extraordinarily high or low voltages please contact your Perreaux dealer Qualified service personnel can only perform this modification Never attempt to connect the unit to the incorrect voltage Severe damage can result from applying incorrect voltage to the unit Fuse Rating The fuse rating displayed here refers
4. Sieg ege el Change the loudspeaker leads completely from left channel to right and from right channel to left by now swapping them at the amplifier output If the fault now appears in loudspeaker B then that loudspeaker lead is at fault go no further If the fault appears in loudspeaker A then loudspeaker leads are OK Move on to step 3 Restore the loudspeaker leads to their original connections at both ends Step 3a Inputs Channels PREAMPLIFIER Mea oe Se Change the input plugs on the rear of your amplifier as follows Change each input source in turn by swapping the plugs left to right and right to left If the fault changes to loudspeaker B on any one of the selected inputs then that particular input source is possibly at fault Move on to step 3b 29 30 Caution Caution PRERRE AUK 3 If the fault stays in loudspeaker A then it is probable that the fault may exist within the amplifier Changing of any connectors must be carried out at a minimum volume setting Only increase the volume after the connections have been changed Step 3b Inputs Interconnects PREAMPLIFIER as beet Change the interconnect leads completely from left channel to right and from right channel to left by now swapping them at the source component s output If the fault stays in loudspeaker B then the interconnect lead is at fault go no further If the fault appears in louds
5. manufacturers and countries Perreaux products used with equipment manufactured by other manufacturers may cause an earth loop situation but Perreaux products used with other Perreaux products will not cause an earth loop situation provided the following precautions are observed o The entire hi fi system must be connected to the same mains line power outlet This will ensure that each piece of the system shares the same earth or ground This rule applies to all installations of all brands of equipment A preamplifier or power amplifier may be operated from an extension cord plugged into the same mains line outlet 27 Identifying and Isolating 28 Problems Caution PRERRE AUK 3 a When a piece of equipment is supplied with a three pin mains line supply lead all three pins must be connected in the correct fashion see your dealer if in doubt a Check all interconnecting signal leads for good connections both internal connections and firm contact with the sockets While the centre pin may make firm contact it is very important that the outer contact is also firm o Never remove the earth ground wire from the mains line supply of any piece of equipment This could be hazardous Broken Earth Connections This is a common cause of hum and noise in the system In many instances the only way to eliminate the possibility of hum problems arising through a broken earth connection somewhere in the system is to physically che
6. delivering power to a speaker Maximum Current OUPS na nn 24A per channel Current is the power reserve in the amplifier necessary to deliver the burst of voltage required by the ever changing audio signal With more than adequate continuous current per channel and high volts peak to peak the E160 can easily meet any challenge music can present to it whether instantaneous or continuous To be specific it can deliver high power into low impedance loads and provide great dynamic headroom Damping FACTO Frias Otis tea heel nee gt 500 1kHz into 80 Another specification not always provided One reason perhaps this specification is important when indicating an amplifier s ability to control the cone behavior of speaker systems which are difficult to drive Perreaux power amplifiers have high damping factors Thus exerting massive control over the speaker system Signal to Noise Ratio unweighted ss 95dB The ratio of desired signal to noise signals present in the output This figure is referenced to the rated output of the E160 taking into full account all potentially annoying hum components INPUT SEA Ee E 1 3Vrms Indicates the amount of input voltage reguired to drive the power amplifier section to its rated output power 160 Wrms into 80 IID GET PEA 2 8 51 ege MA AA AA ee 22kQ The resistance load that is presented to the component that is driving it The high value indicates that the power amplifier
7. does not start to decline until about 2MHz and is only down 3dB at 30MHz This is due to the energy transfer being accomplished with minority charged carriers in the power MOSFET as opposed to majority charged carriers within the transistor and results in hole storage at high frequencies causing the transistor to dissipate increasing amounts of energy within itself as the frequency increases Further sonic degradation of the transistor power amplifier occurs due to hole storage of the output transistors As the output distortion increases with increasing signal frequency it is obvious that the distortion products in the negative feedback path also increase Because the negative feedback system is employed to reduce distortion by cancellation at high frequencies it causes even more power to be consumed within the output transistor just to cancel out the distortion Transient intermodulation TIM is also more prevalent in transistor power amplifiers because the signal transition in time is relatively slow This means the distortion products in the signal of say a fast transient will not travel through the negative feedback system into the output stage fast enough to cancel at exactly 180 degrees out of phase resulting in the amplifier being overloaded This is not possible in power MOSFET amplifiers Further sonic improvement is achieved in power MOSFET amplifiers due to reduced crossover distortion as power MOSFETs have a sharper knee
8. on some of Perreaux design philosophies that have been incorporated into the entire range Leading British architect John Pawson writes The Minimum can be defined as the perfection that an object achieves when it is no longer possible to improve it by subtraction This is the quality that an object has when every component every detail and every junction has been reduced or condensed to the essentials It is the result of the omission of the inessentials Perreaux has historically embraced the minimalist ethic from an audio design perspective only The concept of less equating to more has been at the heart of all Perreaux audio designs for more than a quarter of a century Minimalist Electronics We wish to maximise the quality of your listening pleasure by keeping the componentry and signal path as uncluttered short and clean possible All components in the signal path even those of the highest quality have an effect on the signal thereby altering the quality of the reproduction in some way Our aim is to recreate in its entirety the original performance by not adding or subtracting anything irrespective of the source Minimalist User Interface We carefully study the user interface and par down the number of buttons and associated clutter leaving just the essential and no more How tempting it has been over the years to loose sight of our core values as technology or trends have made it possible That is one of the re
9. the E160 manual thoroughly as it incorporates many features which will enhance its operation Placement The E160 is a convection cooled amplifier and best results will be achieved when placed on a solid surface with adequate ventilation DO NOT place on a carpeted floor or cover the amplifier Turn off associated components This minimises the potential to damage any other components when connecting your E160 into the system Connect preamplifier to E160 Connect the output of your preamplifier to the unbalanced RCA inputs at the rear of the E160 Try to keep all interconnect cables as far from loudspeaker cables as possible and well away from all AC mains leads Connect speaker cables to the left and right speaker terminals We recommend using high quality connectors for your speaker cables spade lugs are the preferable option as they combine a larger surface area with the possibility of a strong mechanical connection however high quality banana terminals are also acceptable Be careful to maintain channel integrity i e left to left right to right and phase integrity positive to positive negative to negative Switch on preamplifier Turn on the preamplifier and set the volume to the minimum level Switch on E160 After checking the supply voltage compatibility with the voltage rating on the E160 rear panel insert the power cord set supplied into the rear of the unit and into the wall Switch on th
10. will not load down the output of most high quality preamplifiers 14 Physical Dimensions 4 Beer 169 i gt 134 35 15 36 PRERREAUK A Contact Details For more information please contact your Perreaux dealer or contact Perreaux Industries Ltd PO Box 47 413 Ponsonby Auckland New Zealand Ph 64 9 815 5452 Fax 64 9 815 5981 E mail info perreaux com Internet www perreaux com Installation Notes 37
11. a wet basement near a swimming pool etc The E160 should be rack mounted only in a heavy duty rack or stand that is recommended for audio equipment use Mounting to a wall or ceiling should be via a heavy duty bracket or shelf designed for audio equipment use The E160 should be situated away from heat sources such as radiators stoves or other appliances that produce excessive amounts of heat Always ensure the E160 heat sinks have adequate ventilation enabling air circulation both above and below DO NOT place the E160 directly onto carpeted surfaces Avoid exposing the E160 to extremely high or low temperatures The E160 should be connected to a mains power supply only of the type described in the operating instructions or as marked on the rear of the unit DO NOT disconnect the mains earth from the system The mains power supply cord should be routed so that it is not likely to be walked on or pinched by items placed on or against it The power cord of the E160 should be unplugged from the mains outlet when the unit is to be left unused for long periods or when attempting to connect or disconnect cables and before cleaning your unit Care should be taken so that objects and or liquids do not accidentally fall inside the E160 Please keep electrical equipment out of reach of children Please unplug sensitive electronic equipment during electrical storms Please replace any fuse with the value and type specified Avoid ope
12. ansport 1 x E160 Power amplifier 1 x E160 Product manual 1 x Detachable AC power cord The E160 should generally be placed close to your source component keeping the interconnect cabling short We strongly recommend keeping the E160 on it s own separate shelf to allow for proper ventilation PRERREAUK A Ventilation For optimal performance the unit MUST receive adequate ventilation Requirements f d A a Please do not install in a sealed cabinet a Please do not stack products directly on top of the unit a Please do not cover the product with a cloth or similar a Please do not mount the E160 directly onto carpeted surfaces a As a rule of thumb allow 80 100mm 3 4 inches around all sides of the product and mount the E160 on a flat surface ensuring that the unit has adequate access to free flowing air o In the event that the E160 is to be incorporated into custom cabinetry please refer to Chapter 14 Physical Dimensions Note Please take all necessary steps to ensure that the unit receives adequate ventilation Note Note Note PRERRE AUK 3 Instant Install If you are like us the first thing you will want to do is to play your favourite piece of music through your new E160 The following instructions are written to enable you to achieve this as quickly as possible These are not comprehensive instructions but are designed to enable you to play music now Please take the time to read
13. are used throughout the E160 This provides added stability under variable thermal or electrical loads and assures maximum signal integrity separation and product life Capable of continuously delivering 160Wpms into 8Q 200Wrms into 42 the E160 is highly powered Utilising six high current Hitachi MOSFETs per channel the E160 handles even the most difficult loads with ease 7 Interconnects and Speaker Cables Bi amping Positioning Ancillary Equipment Loudspeaker Placement Matching Amplifier and Speaker Ratings PRERRE AUX 3 Maximising System Potential An often ignored area in high fidelity systems is the cabling connecting the various components Interconnect leads should be high quality cable with substantial terminations Gold plate is inherently resistant to corrosion and an excellent conductor The presence of corrosion induces distortion and poor conductivity will seriously interfere with sound quality Terminations must plug snugly into sockets to maintain maximum conductivity and to avoid annoying earthing problems Speaker cabling is equally critical Use only solidly constructed cable of high purity copper or silver content Again gold plated terminations are recommended of the spade or banana plug type Use cables of equal length and as short as possible to maintain uniform electrical resistance at the lowest possible level If your amplifier is closer to one of your speakers than the other avoid coil
14. asons why our older products still have such a high resale value today The user interface has and always will remain simple free from adornments clean and uncluttered Minimalist Aesthetics Our products appeal to those who seek the ultimate in audio exclusivity namely the perfect blend of form and function 16 PRERREAUK A Form and function are both tough masters That is why our amplifier heat sinks are not hidden but instead feature prominently in all our designs We make no excuses for producing some of the most distinctive high end audio products on the planet We let form and function blend together in perfect harmony This surely is the essence of true minimalist utilisation Minimalism in a Wider Context John Pawson writes Clearly simplicity has dimensions to it that go beyond the purely aesthetic it can be seen as the reflection of some innate inner quality or the pursuit of philosophical or literary insight into the nature of harmony reason and truth 6 Rugged Build Quality Stiff Power Supply Hybrid Class A AB MOSFET Output Stage Earthing PRERRE AUK 3 Special Design Features Mechanical strength has been a hallmark of Perreaux products since the company first started production back in 1974 The concept behind the physical design and construction is that each structural member should contribute to both rigidity and performance The E160 incorporates a custom de
15. ck every connection When experiencing a problem such as one channel not working or a noise in one channel it is good practice to adopt a method of isolating the problem to a specific item or area This practice will assist in diagnosing curing or at least advising your technician of the problem and result in a saving of time money and perhaps frustration A logical approach to isolating the probable cause of the problem is to start at the loudspeakers and work back to the music source eliminating each piece of equipment in turn Observe precautions regarding volume control settings Please make all changes at minimum volume setting Only increase the volume after the connections have been made Check that the entire system is connected in the proper manner and that the mains line supply is connected and switched on For clarity during this section we have labeled one loudspeaker A and the other loudspeaker B In this example loudspeaker A appears faulty Initial system connections PREAMPLIFIER ioe n ties Caution PRERRE AUX 3 Step 1 Loudspeakers PREAMPLIFIER Change the loudspeaker leads from one loudspeaker to the other If the fault remains in loudspeaker A then loudspeaker A is at fault go no further If the fault now appears in loudspeaker B then the problem lies further up the line Move on to step 2 Step 2 Loudspeaker Leads PREAMPLIFIER
16. create a small electrostatic field This makes the operation of a power MOSFET similar to that of a valve There are basically three types of power field effect device they are the junction FET the vertical FET and the power MOSFET all of which were independently developed by three different hi fi equipment manufacturers in Japan and all were major technological breakthroughs in their own right The first of these was the junction FET the second the vertical FET and lastly the power MOSFET Although all these devices are vast improvements over power transistors the junction FET and vertical FET cannot compare with the power MOSFET in terms of simplicity of the supporting driver stages and power supply requirements The power MOSFET though having similar characteristics to the valve can be divided into 2 types of polarities of device P channel and N channel Broadly speaking only one of these types exists in valve operations This means that complementary power MOSFETs P and N channel can be used in an audio output stage providing greater linearity of operation than can be achieved with valves In addition further advantages over the valve include 21 Audio Applications 22 Secondary Breakdown PRERRE AUK 3 their much smaller size no filaments and greater reliability with reduced vulnerability to physical damage When used in an audio power amplifier the advantages of the power MOSFET over the power tran
17. e remainder of the transistor chip This means that whole power dissipation capability of the transistor has been severely reduced and is a major cause of these unexplained output stage failures in large power amplifiers i e over 80Wims The power MOSFET is largely immune to this problem because if a small part of this chip has a higher gain than the rest then its temperature will rise slightly causing that spot to reduce gain and hence stabilization occurs The power is more evenly distributed throughout the chip and therefore reliability is maintained It can be seen from the above that the transistor power amplifier has to have a much larger margin of power dissipation capability and heat sinking in its output stage than the power MOSFET amplifier The transistor power amplifier of 100W ms output into 8Q can require a driver stage capable of delivering 10W at 1kHz and up to 20W at 20kHz into the input of the output device The power MOSFET only requires a maximum of 0 01W sO a major saving in driver stage componentry and associated noise and distortion can be eliminated High Frequency Response Other Advantages PRERRE AUK 3 Probably from the sonic quality point of view the most important improvement is the power MOSFETs vastly superior high frequency response A large proportion of the power transistors used in modern hi fi amplifiers start to show a decline in efficiency from 10kHz upwards The efficiency of the power MOSFET
18. e socket at the wall and power up the E160 using the switch on the front panel Start your source component Switch on the source component both at the wall and on its front panel Ensure you have some source material inserted and press play 10 PRERREAUK A Increase the volume Slowly increase the preamplifier volume control to achieve a comfortable listening level CONGRATULATIONS Now that you have achieved your first objective sit back relax and please read the rest of the manual at your own pace in your favourite armchair whilst sipping a hot cup of coffee You ll find the whole experience much more pleasurable whilst listening to music 3 Front Panel Functions 0 Power Switch Depress this switch to turn power ON Mute relay circuitry is employed in the E160 so output is muted momentarily after the power switch is actuated Depress the switch again to turn the unit off at which time the outputs will be disconnected Power Indicator The indicator light is a green LED that shows the power status of your E160 power amplifier If the LED is illuminated it indicates that the amplifier is powered If the LED is OFF the E160 is disconnected from power Rear Panel Functions oR PERREAUX H Caution Note 12 Please make all changes at minimum volume setting Only increase the volume after the connections have been made O Serial Number The serial number is unique to your E160 P
19. ear of the amplifier before attempting to clean your E160 in the manner described below Never apply liquid directly to the E160 Never use abrasives Never rub in a circuilar motion The cover features a durable high quality powder coat finish To remove finger marks and dirt lightly rub the surface with a soft cloth If the dirt is not removed dip your cloth in a mild solution of soap and water squeeze excess moisture from it and then gently reapply to the surface Stubborn dirt may be removed by the application of a small quantity of methylated spirits applied directly to the cleaning cloth only and reworking the effected area Black Powder coat Finish The front panel is finished in the same durable powder coat as the cover and can be cleaned in a similar manner as described above Chrome Finish To remove finger marks and dirt on chrome finishes lightly rub the surface with a soft cloth containing a very small quantity of isopropyl alcohol methylated spirits on it 10 1 Year Limited Warranty 5 Year Extended Warranty Warranty Transfer Information on the E160 Warranty Obtaining Service PRERRE AUK 3 Warranty Information and Obtaining Service The Perreaux E160 is warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use to the original purchaser for a period of 1 year 365 days from the date of purchase from an authorised dealer or distributor To extend the warranty
20. ing the longer lead as this can create inductance with the potential of reduced high frequency performance Keep all connections clean firm and tight The traditional adage that a chain is only as strong as its weakest link most certainly applies to audio systems Bi amping uses two similarly powered amplifiers with exactly the same input sensitivity so that when the same input signal is provided to each of them the output level will be exactly the same This can often be done with one power amplifier connected to the tweeters and another to the woofers as it spreads the power requirement between the two amplifiers Bi amping can achieve greater control dynamics and resolution than if you try to run everything from a single stereo amplifier Positioning of your source equipment tuner video disc tape record decks is important To avoid airborne frequency peaks place them well away from your loudspeakers and not in the corners of your listening area Loudspeaker placement is a controversial issue suffice to say that room corners are generally the worst situation Everything which constitutes your listening area including the materials used in its construction will affect the sound itself and the sound stage created Equally you have to live with your system and therefore compromises will have to be made in line with your particular priorities The best advice we can give concerning the choice of loudspeakers is establish clearly in
21. intained It is generally thought that a difference of 1db is the least that can be perceived by ear To better that by a wide margin the E160 is specified two times higher thus exceeding the audible range of the human ear Total Harmonic Distortion THD N eee 0 005 1kHz into 8Q Measurements are made with fixed purely resistive loads However since speakers are not purely resistive an amplifier s distortion specifications do not indicate what performance will be with the actual loads presented by speakers Perreaux distortion measurements hold for any conditions presented by any known speaker Further any measurable distortion in the Perreaux is second order harmonics the least offensive to the ear Voltage GAME na De nr de aa 28 6dB The amount of amplification the amplifier is asserting on the input signal Gain can be calculated by dividing the rated output by the input sensitivity 33 34 PRERREAUK A Dynamic ee EE gt 1 9dB This indicates the E160 can provide more than enough extra power to cope with the sharpest musical transients Without adeguate headroom an amplifier can become unstable under clipping conditions Perreaux amplifiers are intrinsically stable under all dynamic conditions Voltage SWING DEE 156V pp Loud transients call for a sudden burst of power from the amplifier to drive the speakers This force is voltage Peak to peak voltage is a more useful specification than Watts when it comes to
22. lease record this number and store it in a safe place For any service related enquiry please be prepared to quote the product serial number to Perreaux personnel or their service representative Signal Input Accepts a standard single ended input pair RCA from preamplifiers with single ended outputs Inputs are clearly marked Left and Right indicated by a white and red inner ring respectively Care should be taken to maintain channel integrity Refer to Chapter 13 Specifications for detail on input sensitivity and impedance Earth Lift Switch This switch isolates the internal signal earth of the amplifier from the mains earth and is useful if system hum is a problem Setting this switch down EARTH connects the internal signal earth to mains earth and is the normal position Setting to up FLOAT disconnects the signal earth from the mains earth Activating this switch has no effect on chassis earth maintaining the connection to mains earth Caution Caution Caution Caution PRER RE AUX 3 AC Mains Input and Fuse AC Mains Input An IEC standard mains input is provided at the rear of the unit The AC cord set is removable allowing you to upgrade to a cord set of your preference Prior to connection to the AC mains please check the voltage label on the rear panel to ensure that your unit conforms to the power supply in your area Never attempt to connect the unit to the incorrect voltage
23. nt EE YES Amplifier at fault 31 13 Specifications 32 In Brief PERRE AUX A Specifications The E160 specifications are detailed in brief and then subsequently in more detail In the detailed version we attempt to explain the significance of each specification The correlation between published specifications and sonic quality can be unreliable A list of numbers reveals virtually nothing All technical measurements must be subject to qualitative as well as quantitative interpretation Measurements of the E160 reveal excellent results by any standards Tested at 115V and 230V after a 10 minute warm up period Rated Power Output ege Ee 160Wems into 8Q continuous per channel both channels driven from 20Hz 20kHz at lt 0 020 THD Telecare ace dees Ve NA eg dans Teese tid Nee e NSA 200WrRMs into 40 continuous per channel both channels driven from 20Hz 20kHz at lt 0 035 THD Frequency Response 244235 eau 10Hz 30kHz 0dB 0 5dB Total Harmonic Distortion THD N be EE 0 005 1kHz into 89 207 LD EE lt 0 040 into 8Q 17093152 E DEE 28 6dB Dynamic Headroom rated with music gt 1 9dB Voltage SWINE ien naai r ee 156V 5 Maximum Current Output ans saone 24A per channel Ree ne Rene nn gt 500 1kHz into 8Q Signal to Noise Ratio Rated E 95dB later Ee EE 1 3Vems Input ele EE 22kQ Smoothing Capacitance EE 20 000uF Re Class A LUES Class A AB Audio Connections Audio Inputs EE EE 1
24. on your Perreaux E160 to five 5 years from date of purchase please return a fully completed warranty registration form along with a copy of the original receipt of purchase to Perreaux Industries Ltd PO Box 47413 Ponsonby Auckland New Zealand For the Extended Warranty Registration Form please refer to Chapter 11 Perreaux Industries Ltd may at its discretion allow the warranty on this product to be transferred Please contact Perreaux on info perreaux com requesting a transfer If during the warranty period the Perreaux E160 exhibits defects in materials and or workmanship it will be repaired or replaced at our option without charge for either parts or labour The warranty does not apply to any unit that has been misused abused or altered Any unit that is not performing satisfactorily may be returned to the factory in Auckland New Zealand for evaluation Return authorisation must first be obtained by either calling or writing to Perreaux prior to shipping the unit Perreaux Industries Ltd and it s authorised distributors and dealers shall not be held liable for any freight or insurance charges Freight and insurance charges to and from the Perreaux factory will be the sole responsibility of the owner of the unit There is no other express warranty on the E160 Neither this warranty nor any other warranty express or implied including any implied warranties of merchantability of fitness shall extend beyond the warranty pe
25. pair RCA connectors Audio Outputs KEE 1 pair speaker binding posts per channel Other Connections 1 x IEC AC mains input receptacle Power Consumption Tees tee 40W MARIN 8 ont ont ir a E tn 450W at 4Q rated output Specifications Explained PRERREAUK A Mains Input Voltage 100V 110V 120V 220V 230V or 240V AC at 50Hz or 60Hz Set within the E160 at time of manufacture Dimensions et EE 430mm 16 9 HEES 88mm 3 5 D ni ne nn nn tr 315mm 12 4 not including feet terminals and handles Fuse Ratings Mains input fuse TOO S E 2SB slow blow 6A SE 2SB slow blow 6A user serviceable Internal DC rail uses ccc ee te 4 x 2AG normal blow 6A NOT user serviceable Weight Tied 9 5kg 20 91b amplifier only OUR a nent erter ATE EEES 12 5kg 27 51b amplifier accessories and packing material Rated Power Output per channel 160Wrws into 80 The E160 has been designed around the industry standard 8Q load The E160 delivers 160Wrms continuously into 8Q loads and 200Wzgys into 49 loads The E160 will also handle complex and 22 loads with stability and ease FREQUENCY RESPONSE un nn 10Hz to 30kHz 0dB 0 5dB This is the standard specification with which everyone is familiar Actually frequency response is a misnomer technically it should be called amplitude response versus frequency for it describes how uniform the amplitude or strength of signals of various frequencies is ma
26. peaker A then the interconnect lead is OK Changing of any connectors must be carried out at a minimum volume setting Only increase the volume after the connections have been changed Should the fault prove to be in the amplifier it will be necessary to determine where the fault actually lies Most of this has been done for instance you now know what input s and what channel is affected This information will assist your Perreaux dealer or service person when or if any service is required If the apparent fault is noise in one or both channels and has been localised to the amplifier it will be necessary to determine whether or not the noise increases with the volume control whether or not the noise exists when no input at all is connected to the amplifier and what type of sound the noise is For example low frequency humming noise or high frequency hissing noise This information will also assist your service person in making repairs or adjustments PRERREAUK 3 Faultfinding Flowchart Swap loudspeaker connections Fault in loudspeaker A YES Loudspeaker A at fault Swap amplifier outputs Fault in loudspeaker YES Loudspeaker B cable at fault Restore speaker cables to original connections Swap amplifier source input channels Fault in loudspeaker A NO Loudspeaker gt cable at fault YES output channels Fault in loudspeaker A NO Input source
27. portance to the audiophile at least is that of the power MOSFET device The field effect transistor FET and then the MOSFET transistor have been around for a number of years but only as a small signal handling device mostly employed in radio tuners and communications equipment The electrical advantages of these have long been realised by manufacturers of hi fi If only they could be made to handle large amounts of power what a benefit to the audiophile The term power MOSFET describes a device capable of handling reasonably large amounts of electrical energy as an amplifier itself hence power MOSFET stands for Metal Oxide Silicon Field Effect Transistor this in turn means that the device is constructed of Silicon Similar to a transistor but the part that controls the power flow through the device is insulated from the remainder of the device by a metal oxide insulating layer and the controlling of the power is achieved by the development of an electrostatic field between the controlling element and the conducting element In a transistor the control of the power through the device is effected by the application of a smaller but nevertheless significant amount of power to the controlling element Whereas in the power MOSFET the control of the power through the device is affected by the application of a very small and very insignificant amount of power to the controlling element in fact only the amount required to
28. rating the E160 with the cover removed DO NOT bypass any fuse PRERREAUK A 2 DO NOT attempt to repair the E160 In the event of a problem please contact your Perreaux dealer 2 DO NOT operate this product in an explosive atmosphere Caution The E160 is a convection cooled amplifier The finned outer heat sinks may become very hot when delivering high volume levels to avoid injury care should be taken not to touch the heat sinks during operation D sl CG VH R W N mah mah mah zc U1 R WM PRERRE AUX 3 Table of Contents Introducing the Perreaux E160 Power Amplifier ni nnsisrisnrnrnnns 3 Important Safety IMSLPUCIONS wwiccciscsnsssecsenecsiatanccsnatsnwadieasdsvdnaddoacaiecesaueunadsesansadnersiatans 4 Table OF Contents surintendant ee 6 Unpacking and Placement 220 iii Sot Eed Eege 7 e n Ta E TEE 9 Front Panel FUNCIONS ies cssceccsseouscacsavesusdeducdansvawecwsandeddunsdarddnsduancdanavadsiusniarssdgcsucsars 11 REAM Panel FUNCIONS send sn Last tlk 12 Special Design Philosophies eseu Eeer lakas kaka adu 15 Special Design EE 17 Maximising System POLENLAL E 19 The Power MOSFET se tosina eaka aaa nn de at naa name 21 Care and Maintainance wana snis Zeseisasetacsesttuidaadateds cuacayains sabanadeentdasnsdeoasasesiagtadsedbesdiejnnse 24 Warranty Information and Obtaining Service wnaranenunnnnnaenaanenus 25 Extended Warranty Registration FOrm ccsccssessssesssnessseeeessseeessses
29. reates hum in the system Induced Hum Hum can be induced into the system from one or more sources and is generally associated with the radiation of noise from one system into another Hum and noise can be radiated from any object or system involving AC voltage and current such as power supplies in amplifiers motors switching equipment etc All of these may be found in your hi fi system or within your own home Hum may be induced into any part of the system so there are no specific instructions that can be given which will offer a guaranteed cure A good practice to adopt is to keep low level signal equipment such as phono systems tuners etc well away from high level signal equipment such as power amplifiers Alternatively careful designs must be employed to negate these effects on low level signal equipment Another good practice to adopt is to keep all signal leads away from power leads The practice of neatly tying excess leads together for a tidy looking installation should be resisted as this could be the cause of induced hum in the system Earth Loops Earth loops are a particularly annoying cause of hum in the system Earth loops are created by mains frequency current flowing in the screen of signal leads and becomes apparent with the lack of adequate earthing between the various pieces of equipment making up the hi fi system This is further compounded by the fact that the equipment earthing considerations vary between different
30. riod No responsibility is assumed for any incidental or consequential damages In the event that you are experiencing difficulty with the E160 please as a first step follow the faultfinding procedures in Chapter 12 If after following this procedure you require further assistance please contact your Perreaux dealer 25 1 1 PRERRE AUK 3 Extended Warranty Registration Form Please complete this form and either fax mail or scan and e mail it to Perreaux Industries Ltd Fax 64 9 815 5981 Mail Perreaux Industries Ltd PO Box 47 413 Ponsonby Auckland New Zealand E mail info perreaux com Alternatively complete the online Warranty Registration Form on our website WWW perreaux com D Year Extended Warranty Form Name Address Suburb City Country Telephone E mail Website Product Purchased Serial Number Dealer Purchase Date 26 12 Cause and Elimination of Hum PRERRE AUK 3 Faultfinding Your System Hum is a particularly annoying form of noise in any high fidelity system and at some time has been experienced by many of us Hum may result from a number of different situations and to make matters worse maybe caused by a seemingly illogical combination of circumstances One or more of three specific causes c
31. signed toroidal power transformer employing heavy gauge wire that reduces copper losses to a minimum An electrostatic shield prevents AC line borne interference from entering the signal path The power supply filter capacitors totaling 20 000uF have exceptionally low inductance and internal resistance They charge and discharge in response to load demand far more rapidly than conventional storage capacitors and are capable of delivering the instantaneous current required by the output stages providing optimum dynamic range and transient response The wiring from the power supplies to the output boards is designed for unimpeded transmission of the required current and voltage and utilizes heavy gauge copper wire cables Since power supply leads radiate at signal frequencies all wiring is carefully loomed to minimise this effect The bi polar transistors used in the E160 are run in Class A mode This avoids the crossover notch distortion and the resulting odd order harmonics present to some degree in all other classes of operation The devices used in the E160 output stage are MOSFETs which with high quiescent current circuitry are run in the equivalent of Class A to 10 watts Beyond this point the output class is technically Class AB hence the hybrid nomenclature but with a major difference The combination of MOSFET characteristics and their application in this circuitry result in crossover distortion so minimal that it is virtually non e
32. sistor are much more difficult to describe and would require greater complexity than can be gone into here However they can be summarised as follows the most important point is that the power MOSFET has a negative temperature coefficient whereas the power transistor has a positive temperature coefficient This means that when a power transistor is handling power it heats up further and consumes more power This characteristic called thermal runaway will result in the destruction of the power transistor if some means is not provided to control it The power MOSFET on the other hand although heating up due to the power flow through the device does not continue to draw more and more power just because its temperature has risen But in fact has a tendency to stabilize itself provided adequate head sinking is available to remove the heat generated during normal operation Incidentally this is less heat sinking than is required for a similarly power rated standard transistor Then there is the appearance of secondary breakdown and hot spots in a power transistor This is related to thermal runaway In order to understand this one must imagine that the chip silicon inside the power transistor is in fact many smaller transistors connected in parallel Now if one of these smaller transistors or a spot on the chip has a greater gain or amplification factor than the rest then that spot will heat up faster and to a greater temperature than th
33. sseeenssseees 26 Faultfinding Your System EE 27 Yole 1 1177 1070 EE 32 elei CTT een On 35 Contac PIC LC 36 Unpacking Procedure Note Note Box Contents Placing Your E160 PRER RE AUX 3 Unpacking and Placement The E160 is packaged for maximum protection Please carefully read the instructions below before proceeding to unpack the unit Be extremely careful o Inspect both ends of the cardboard box and open at the end without the central staple by slitting the reinforced tape at either side o Fold back the flaps and tip the package on end and the inner box will slide out a Lay the inner box down flat and upright open it conventionally by separating the top tray from the bottom a The product can now be removed from the bottom packaging This will be easier if you have someone to help you by holding the base of the box a Alternately the bottom tray and amplifier could be tipped upside down and the bottom packaging removed If opened in this manner please ensure that you turn the contents over again Be very careful to secure the unit if you are planning to flip the package upside down a Remove the two white polystyrene protectors off either side of the amplifier leaving the black material covering o Pull back the material and remove the protective black tissue from the front panel The amplifier is now unpacked and ready for further installation Please retain all packaging material for future tr
34. that something is still unclear to you your Perreaux dealer will be happy to assist you further Read this manual install your unit correctly and realise the sonic significance of your investment in Perreaux Perreaux products are designed to provide the utmost in sonic realism and electronic reliability with a functional yet elegant appearance that reflects the care and craftsmanship applied during all stages of construction o Rugged build quality o Stiff power supply o Hybrid Class A AB output stages o MOSFET output devices o High power a Advanced PCB design and earthing techniques a Earth isolation switch To maintain the consistently high quality that you expect from us and we expect from ourselves Perreaux products are essentially handcrafted We maintain the human link throughout from design and construction through to the ultimate test your music your system your ears Because we too listen to our products we know that with your Perreaux you will discover many more of the musical secrets we strive to reveal From all of us at Perreaux Industries Limited thank you for choosing the Perreaux E160 power amplifier Note PRERREAUK 3 Important Safety Instructions All safety and operation instructions should be read carefully before the E160 is operated Keep the Owners Manual in a safe place for future reference D The E160 should not be used near water for example near a bathtub kitchen sink in
35. to the rating of the mains inlet fuse For more information on fuse ratings please refer to Chapter 13 Specifications Never replace the fuses with any other ratings other than the one specified 14 Caution PRERREAUK A Speaker Output Terminals The E160 is equipped with one set of gold plated output terminals per channel All terminals are clearly marked and colour coded RED Positive and BLACK Negative This polarity must be observed when connecting loudspeakers i e positive terminal of the E160 to the positive terminal of the loudspeaker and negative terminal of the E160 to the negative terminal of the loudspeaker Never connect the amplifier s output terminals to any device other than a loudspeaker Please do not short circuit the amplifier s output terminals Never connect the output of one amplifier to the output terminals of another amplifier Do notover tighten the binding posts on your amplifier Minimalist Design PRERREAUK A Special Design Philosophies Perreaux has been designing and manufacturing only the highest quality audio componentry for more than a quarter of a century Technology has continued to evolve rapidly over that time and our knowledge and application of design materials and manufacturing techniques has advanced in tandem with this Today s Perreaux range comes closer to fulfilling our shared vision than at any other time in the past To follow is a discussion
36. xistent The E160 output stage takes full advantage of the unique qualities of MOSFET devices and in many ways they are superior to bi polar transistors A major advantage is their tendency to draw less current over a large section of the power bandwidth as their temperature rises Negative Temperature Coefficient hence self stabilising thermally whereas bi polar transistors draw more current as their temperature rises Positive Temperature Coefficient and protection circuits become mandatory to prevent thermal runaway and eventual self destruction MOSFETs have the ability to swing fully across the amplifier s internal DC voltage and are therefore true rail to rail devices Using MOSFETs encourages the highest performance from the balance of the internal amplifier circuitry Perreaux engineers pay particular attention to designing the product to ensure maximum separation between internal signal and power earths only meeting at a central starred point Earth Isolation Switch Highest Quality PCBs and Components High Power 18 PRERREAUK A The toggle switch on the rear of the E160 allows the internal circuitry to be isolated from the mains earth whilst still maintaining an earth connection to the chassis This ensures the potentially fatal practice of using an AC cord set with no earth connection to alleviate system hum is not required Quality fibreglass PCBs featuring heavy copper tracks and high grade components
37. your mind your requirements listen to many makes and models and if at all possible audition your preferred choice in your own listening area and trust your own ears When matching speakers to amplifier wattage ordinarily the amplifier should have a continuous RMS output power rating the same as or higher than the speakers at the same impedance rating For example 160Wpms 8Q speakers driven by a 160 Wrys at 8Q amplifier is not as ideal as 120Wems 82 speakers driven by a 160Wrys at 8Q amplifier 20 Note Final Thoughts PRERREAUK A 160 Watts is twice as loud as 16 Watts not ten times as loud Perreaux equipment is designed with substantial headroom built in that is the reserve necessary to reproduce musical peaks without clipping High fidelity systems are an investment deserving of careful thought and personal time Your preferences priorities and constraints will dictate the parameters of your purchase your ears will tell you what is the right choice for you Our experience tells us that the bitterness of dissatisfaction lingers long after the fragrance of cheap price is forgotten hence our use of the term investment The MOSFET Other Field Effect Devices PRERRE AUK 3 The Power MOSFET Today with the vast number of technical achievements occurring around the world many discoveries are overshadowed or obscured by some that may appear more important to the general media One such discovery of im
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