Furuno CSH-5 MARK-2 SONAR User Manual
Contents
1. HOR BEAM ANGLE WA VER BEAM ANGLE E RES COL CURVE COL EMPHASIS Factory setting HOR BEAM ANGLE VER BEAM ANGLE NARROW RES COL CURVE LINEAR COL EMPHASIS 4 Three magnetic function cards are supplied for indication of function settings Two of these cards are inscribed with the factory setting of F1 and F2 The other card is blank for recording user settings You can attach the card on the main panel for reference See page 10 22 Registering Procedure 1 Press the MENU key 2 Rotate the RANGE control to select FUNC KEY PROG 3 Rotate the GAIN control to select FUNC1 or FUNC2 4 Press the TX key Each time the TX key is pressed the current settings in the scan menu and E S menu are recorded When FACTORY is selected the default value is displayed Recalling Procedure 1 Press F1 or F2 Presetting function is recalled and function indi cation LED lamp lights Canceling the recalling 1 Press F1 or F2 again The LED lamp goes off Recommended Settings We recommend the function key be set as follows For detection of surface fish school For detection of bottom fish TX OUTPUT TX OUTPUT PULSELENGTH PULSELENGTH TX CYCLE TX CYCLE TVG NEAR TVG NEAR TVG FAR TVG FAR HOR BEAM ANGLE NARROW HOR BEAM ANGLE NARROW VER BEAM ANGLE NARROW VER BEAM ANGLE WIDE RES COL CURVE LINEAR RES COL CURVE 3 COL EMPHASIS COL EMPHASIS 12. For detection of midwater fish TX OUTPUT PULSELENGTH TX CYCLE TVG NEAR TVG FAR HOR BEAM ANGLE NARROW VER BEAM ANGLE WIDE RES COL CURVE 2 COL EMPHASIS 3 23 7 MARK AND DATA This chapter describes the marks and data which appear on the dis play screen TRACKBALL MARK DATA Slant Range RANGE Horizontal Range eo TILT Depth AUTO TILT True Bearing GAIN BEARING MARK RANGE MARK TRACKBALL MARK HEADING MARK OWN SHIP MARK RANGE RING BEARING OF BEARING MARK RANGE TO RANGE MARK Marks Own Ship Mark Shows ship s position on the screen The mark points in the direction of ship s heading Trackball Mark The trackball mark selects location of marks and an own ship s position The trackball moves this mark anywhere over the entire screen Heading Mark The ship s heading mark is drawn with a dotted line When the range ring is turned off by changing the setting on scan menu the heading mark is also turned off 24 Range Ring The range rings are plotted at intervals of 1 4 of the range in use Range ring data are also provided every two range rings The range ring interval can be altered from 1 4 to 1 2 of the range in use by changing the appropriate setting on scan menu Range Bearing Marks Data Trackball Data The range and bearing marks are displayed when the
3. N ICO OPERATOR S MANUAL COLOR SCANNING SONAR MODEL CSH 5 MARK 2 FURUNO ELECTRIC LTD NISHINOMIYA JAPAN PRINTED IN JAPAN FURUNO ELECTRIC Co LTD 9 52 Ashihara cho Nishinomiya Japan Telephone 0798 65 2111 Telefax 0798 65 4200 All rights reserved Printed in Japan PUB No OME 12990 DAMI CSH 5 MARK2 Your Local Agent Dealer FIRST EDITION NOV 1995 E DEC 6 2000 00080739100 A SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS WARNING ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD Do not open the equipment Only qualified personnel should work inside the equipment Immediately turn off the power at the switchboard if water leaks into the equipment or something is dropped in the equipment Continued use of the equipment can cause fire or electrical shock Contact a FURUNO agent for service Do not disassemble or modify the equipment Fire electrical shock or serious injury can result Do not place liquid filled containers on the top of the equipment Fire or electrical shock can result if a liquid spills into the equipment Immediately turn off the power at the switchboard if the equipment is emitting smoke or fire Continued use of the equipment can cause fire or electrical shock Contact a FURUNO agent for service Make sure no rain or water splash leaks into the equipment Fire or electrical shock can result if water leaks in the equipment WARNING K
4. 2 MENU2 MENU MODE MENU 1 EAM SYSTEM EXT KP ON RANGE MARKER 1 4R 1 2R OFF MARK INDI 360 MENU MEANING MENU MODE Selects a menu menu l menu 2 system menu EXTernal Keying If two or more echosounders sonars are operated simultaneously Pulse mutual interference may result due to asynchronous keying pulse output This menu is used to synchronize keying pulses turn off synchronization RANGE MARKER This menu selects the number of range rings to be displayed turns the range rings off MARK INDI Selects 180 or 360 bearing indication System Menu The figure below shows the system menu SYSTEM MENU RANGE SW U D GAIN SW L R MENU MODE MENU 1 MENU 2 SYSTEM HEADING ADJ AUTO SCN SPD HIGH AUTO TLT SPD HIGH UNIT FEET FATHOMS MENUSELECT UNLOCK SUBTEXTINDI ON LANGUAGE JAPANESE ESPANOL SELF TEST SINGLE PANEL COLOR CONTI SIO ECHO 1 33 MENU ITEM MEANING MENU MODE Selects a menu menu 1 menu 2 system menu HEADING ADJ This menu is used to compensate for hull unit misalignment which results in heading error Set the actual heading by operating the GAIN control so that the own ship s wake is displayed in 180 direction on the screen AUTO SCAN SPD Selects the scan speed of bearing marker high or low High speed scan is useful for general fish searching and tracking fast moving fish schools AUTO TILT SPD Sets the speed of change of the
5. esse SPECIFICATIONS INDEX 1 FOREWORD The FURUNO CSH 5 2 Color Scanning Sonar is a full circle multibeam electronic scanning sonar which detects and instan taneously displays fish schools and underwater conditions in 16 colors ona 14 non glare high resolution CRT screen Its ease of operation versatility and compact size make it the perfect match for any class of fishing vessel Some of the prominent features of the CSH 5 MARK 2 are as fol lows Compact 8 tube retraction tank Vivid 16 color display greatly improves recognition of seabed and concentration distribution and volume of fish schools Various on screen indications keep operator abreast of fishing con ditions Change of control setting is indicated by displaying the new set ting in larger characters for five seconds High power MOS FET transmitter ensures reliable operation un der any condition Control box for operation from a distance The CSH 5 MARK 2 is a highly sophisticated instrument which per forms its intended functions only when operated properly Please care fully read and follow the recommended procedures for operation and maintenance to take full advantage of the many features this unit has to offer 2 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION DISPLAY UNIT CSH 5110 CONTROL CSH 5111 r TRANSCEIVER UNIT CSH 5130 PREAMPLIFIER UNIT Ship s Mains 5022 AC100 V
6. 21 Findine Fist SCHOO Center anun aS aa E 22 Registering F1 F2 function key and Recalling 22 7 MARK AND DATA 24 8 INTERPRETING THE DISPLAY 26 A nor qu a uama aha P aan ans 26 Interpreting the Display u EE E pasaika kutay 26 9 WARNING 10 11 12 13 14 Overyoltase Warner uuu ade Unretracted Transducer Warning MENU Changing Menu Settings sins FR Sa al Rat INTERFACE MODULE CSH 5060 S us x x u ete eure Marks and eia e Event Mark Position MAINTENANCE General Q a up Ma UNIT DIAGNOSTIC TESTS Description of Unit diagnostic Tests og es ete ult E es D degna CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ULTRASONIC WAVE IN WATER Sound VA aa Absorption and Attenuation 422 eorr feeit ie oui ette pede eaae epe NERIS TO TO TT Adverse Effect of Air Bubbles ore Reflection at Seabed and Fish School
7. 4 HIGH FACTORY Contents of Scan Menu MENU ITEM MEANING HUE Changes the background and foreground colors of the display to compensate for lighting conditions TX OUTPUT Adjusts output power in eleven steps 0 is for minimum power and 10 maximum Set to 10 for normal use and use a low power when sea surface reflection or seabed echo obscures fish schools in short range and shallow water operations Note that the output power changes 10 seconds after the setting is changed PULSELENGTH Sets a transmission pulselength in eleven steps 0 is for the shortest length and 10 the longest TX CYCLE Selects transmission repetition rate in eleven steps 0 is for the longest period and 10 for the shortest TVG NEAR TVG FAR Control the receiver sensitivity at short and long ranges respectively FAR Over 400 m position 5 is the normal setting NEAR Within 400 m position 5 is the normal setting AUTO SCAN WIDTH Sets the scan width 10 20 40 or 60 in degrees Use a wide width to conduct a general search of a scan area narrowing it once a fish school is detected AUTO TILT WIDTH This menu is used to set the automatic tilt width in degrees 2 10 4 14 6 20 or 10 26 The two numbers in each setting shows that the width changes as the range in use changes left number for the longest range and right one for the shortest range HOR BEAM ANGL
8. B scan controls do not function 1 kas LED lamp 36 TARGET LOCK FUNCTION The target lock function allows continuous tracking at a present depth D That is the tilt angle changes automatically from 01 to 02 as the ship approaches the fish 3 Erasing Weak Noise Unknown weak noise appearing over the entire screen can be erased with DELETE COLOR on the SCAN menu Echoes are erased in order from weakest to strongest so you may use this function to show only strong echoes 1 2 Press the MENU key to turn on the menu Select DELETE COLOR with the RANGE control Use the GAIN switch to select desired setting The setting range is 0 10 turns off this function 10 erases the strongest color echoes Note that the echoes on the echo sounder and range and bearing mark display will also be erased Press the MENU key to close the menu 37 4 Suppressing Effects of Pitching and Rolling The Motion Sensor MS 100 option compensates for the effects of pitching and rolling to provide stable sonar pictures You may enable it as follows 1 Press the MENU key to display the SCAN menu 2 Use the RANGE control to select RANGE BEARING 3 Use the GAIN control to select STAB 4 Press the MENU key to close the menu 5 Operate the trackball to place the trackball mark on the bearing you want to compensate by the MS 100 6 Press the R B key A dashed line appears at the bearing selecte
9. 5 Ment SCH T u 7 4 BASIC OPERATION 10 yn 10 Turning the Power Om OF un suan a eames 10 DESHSQUCGE o L u a pubs pont 11 Selecting a Display ROBO 22 ans nagar 11 Setting the WIC AMOS su ecoute te hed h u uns Ga 11 AdJ Stiner THE lance Sua tec bo laaya pamela aba 15 5 FINE TUNING THE PICTURE 16 General c c eel ee eee 16 Eliminating Unwanted Feeble Echoes 16 Displaying Surface Fish Clearly k a una 17 S uppressine Seabed fuco lee cub totiens ut 17 Suppressing Seabed and Sea Surface Reflections in Shallow Fishing Grounds 18 Rejecting Sonar Interference and Noise ar 18 Selecting Horizontal Beamwidth nennen enne 19 Selecting Vertical Beamwidlth 19 6 ADVANCED OPERATION 20 General s 20 Measuring Range and Bearing to a Target 20 Detecting Fish Schools Aurally elites baden Ute rapit 20 Relocating Fish School for Easy Observation
10. OFF CENTER moves the own ship s mark to a desired location on the screen in steps of 1 6 of screen radius To off center the screen place trackball mark on location to offcenter and press the OFF CEN TER key To reset the off centered own ship s mark press the OFF CENTER key again AUTOTILT automatically tilts the sounding beam up and down within the tilt angle set on the menu screen SECTOR SCAN scans the bearing mark in 2 steps within the area selected on the menu screen The echoes along the marker can be monitored thru the built in speaker The lamp at the left of the switch lights during sector scanning These keys provide user defined sonar setting by one key operation These keys have factory settings See page 22 Menu Screen The CSH 5 MARK 2 employs four menu screens menu l menu 2 and system menu Of the four menus the menu 2 and system menu contain preset items which do not require setting alteration if they are once set at installation See page 32 for further details The menu l contains items to be set by the operator while using the sonar taking the fishing ground and fishing method into account This menu can be recalled on the lower part of the screen as scan menu during normal operation This let you adjust setting while observing the so nar picture Application How to use MENU 1 After installation select each item according to your system configuration Select items SYSTEM after raising the tran
11. 115 200 i 220V 240V 1 5076617 ooo System Configuration 3 CONTROLS Operating Controls The CSH 5 MARKZ provides intuitive operation If you change a control setting you will see the associated reaction on the screen al most immediately All operations are carried out from the main panel and the control box The front panel incorporates mainly controls which do not require frequent adjustment such as brilliance interfer ence rejector and audio volume The control box which is connected to the display unit a 7 m long connection cable houses the most often used functions including transducer operation controls and range and gain controls Le Main Panel DEMAG Button demagnetizes the display for cleaning irregular picture color CONTROL BOX Control Panel Main Panel I AGC suppresses the echo tail of strong targets e g the seabed for easy recognition of fish schools adjacent to the sea bottom Position 1 2 is the normal setting NOISE LIM is used to reject noise which is displayed over the screen in light blue Position 3 is the normal setting VP Video Processor adjusts the after image of the echoes for proper period echoes are stretched in the radial direction Set at 1 for ordinary use IR Interference Rejector rejects random noise and interference caused by other echo sounders o
12. 2 3 4 8 PULSELENGTH 7 TX CYCLE 10 TVG NEAR 6 7 AUTO SCN WDTH 10 E 40 60 AUTO TLT WDTH 2 10 4 147 EXPE 10 26 BEAMANGL WIDE VER NARROW RES COLCURVE LINEAR 1 3 COL EMPHASIS 1 LOW 2 4 HIGH FUNC KEY PROG FUNC2 FACTORY QUO E S RANGE 240 E S SHIFT 0 E S IR OFF E S GAIN 3 0 E S CLUTTER 2 0 E S ADVANCE 1 2 E SCOLCURVE LINEAR 1 E S DRAFT 0 0 m QU OOO indicates the items which may be locked indecates the menu items available with the addition of the CSH 5060 and external equipment 41 MENU 2 MENU 2 RANGE SW U D GAIN SW L R MENU MODE MENU 1 ISP SYSTEM EXT KP SYNC RANGE MARKER 1 2R BEARING SCALE OFF CURRENT MARK OFF COURSEMARK 5R OFF TRUE CURRENT INDI TRUE 180 EVENT INDI TRUE 180 MARK INDI 360 POSITION DATA TD SYSTEM MENU SYSTEM MENU RANGE SW U D GAIN SW MENU MODE MENU 1 MENU 2 BSU HEADING ADJ HIGH AUTOTLTSPD HIGH UNIT FEET FATHOMS PA BRA SHIPS Cl NAV LOG PULSE 400 CIBAUD 2400 1200 NAV FORMAT NMEA183 NMEA182 NAV BAUD RATE ERI 2400 1200 NAV DATA GPS DEC LA ALL COMBI SCALE LEFT MENU SELECT UNLOCK SUB TEXT INDI ON LANGUAGE JAPANESE ESPANOL DANSK SELF TEST SINGLE PANEL COLOR GRAY CONTI SIO ECHO 1 ECHO 2 42 OM OOOO OOO Lp K
13. R B key is pressed and the bearing mark scans in a few degree steps when the SECTOR SCAN key is pressed giving audio in that direction To stop the scanning of the bearing mark press the SECTOR SCAN key again The two marks are erased when the R B key is pressed after placing the trackball mark on own ship mark Slant Range Horizontal Range Depth Bearing The bearing is shown in either 360 or 180 indication system relative to ship s heading In the latter case B is indicated as follows B on the port side B on the starboard side Range Data H Shows the range scale set with the RANGE switch Tilt T The tilt angle set with the TILT level is displayed in 1 steps between 0 and 55 When the auto tilt function is in operation instantaneously changing present tilt angle is indicated below it Gain Data G Range Bearing Mark Data B R The gain set with the GAIN control is displayed in 0 5 steps between 0 and 10 The slant range to the range marker and the bearing of the bearing mark is displayed Setting Change Data When the setting of the following switches is changed the new setting is noted in larger characters for about five seconds at the top of the screen The current tilt angle and sector range are also displayed upon swi
14. This menu is used to select the horizontal beam angle Select wide for general use narrow for better bearing discrimination VER BEAM ANGL RES COL CURVE Response Color Curve Sets the vertical beam angle Select narrow for general use wide for fish which swims up and down at a high speed Note that the wide beam angle allows to search a wide area vertically but fish detection range is shortened since the transmitted power spreads Note also that when used in a shallow water the bottom echo is displayed widely This menu sets the balance between weak and strong echoes In the LINEAR position output echo strength displayed varies proportionally with input actual echo strength Select a higher setting to better emphasize weak echoes weak echoes are displayed in stronger echo colors as the number goes higher The standard setting is LINEAR position COLOR EMPHASIS This menu is used to set the proportion of red in the color display as the number goes higher greater proportion echoes are displayed in red FUNCKEY PROG This menu is used to register user defined setting for Fl and F2 keys FACTORY is to set default setting 4 BASIC OPERATION General This section provides information necessary for basic operation of the CSH 5 2 from turning the power on and off to detecting and tracking fish schools The basic operating procedure is shown below Basic Operating Procedure magnetic functio
15. Tidal Current Data Speed Direction 35 Operation The functions of the Interface Module are accessed from the MENU screen except the Event mark and North mark Gyrocompass required 1 Event Mark and Own Ship Mark Plotting Lg 1 Move the cursor to the location where you want to plot the event mark 2 Press the EVENT key The cursor is replaced with the latest event mark and the event mark data horizontal distance depth and bearing appears on the lower left side of the screen Note 1 You can plot 10 event marks latest mark other 9 marks 2 You cannot plot the event mark at the own ship mark In this case the own ship mark is plotted max 10 Locate the cursor on the event mark and press the EVENT DELETE key TRACKBALL 2 Target Lock Mark Use this mark when you want to track fish echoes automatically Z Plotting E 1 Select TARGET on the range bearing item on the SCAN Pb Menu to activate the mark ock Mark 2 Move the cursor onto fish echo you want to track 3 Press the R B key The bearing mark and the target lock mark appear and start to track the fish echo Erasing M J Tame To exit from the tracking mode press the R B key again TILT NOTE When using the target lock mode the auto tilt and sector r
16. air bubbles which attenuate ultrasonic energy making it often difficult to sound beyond the wake Own Ship s Wake Wake produced Wake produced by other ship by own ship when ship is turned Own Ship s Screw Noise 28 False Echo by Sidelobe In the preceding chapters it was explained that an ultrasonic wave 15 emitted only in the direction set by the TILT lever but in practice there are some emissions outside the main beam that are called sidelobes Energy of the sidelobe is fairly weak but when the sonar is used in comparatively shallow water with a hard and rocky bot tom strong target signals are detected by the sidelobe These are rep resented on the screen as a false echo as shown below To weaken the sidelobe echoes set the VER BEAM ANGLE to WIDE on the SCAN MENU Mainlobe echo Sidelobe echo The seabed echo detected by sidelobe appears at a certain tilt angle when the sidelobe points vertically Noise and Interference In case the fishing ground is crowded with many fishing boats the sonar is subject to interference from ultrasonic equipment such as an echo sounder sonar etc on board other boats as well as those on board own ship For instance interference from the sonar operated on board other boats will appear as a ring as shown in A This interference can be suppressed by properly changing TX cycle Electrical equipment on own ship can also cause interference to the sona
17. but one on near range on screen Reduce the figure of TX cycle to 7 or 8 to reject them Interference Selecting Horizontal Beamwidth If you wish to have better bearing discrimination for fish schools and also wish to examine the contour of seabed call up scan menu and select narrow horizontal beam width Ability to distinguish two closely located targets at the same range and different bearings Selecting Vertical Beamwidth When better detection range is required call up scan menu and select narrow vertical beamwidth 19 6 ADVANCED OPERATION General It this section how to use the CSH 5 MARK 2 effectively in actual fishing operations is presented Measuring Range and Bearing to a Target To measure the range and bearing to a target use the trackball Procedure 1 Operate the trackball to place the trackball mark 1 on the tar get you want to measure the range and bearing The range and bearing are displayed at the left top on the screen Trackball Mark Slant Range Horizontal Range Depth bearing Note The bearing is shown in either 360 or 180 indication system relative to the ship s heading In the latter case B is indi cated as follows B P on the port side B S on the starboard side The 360 or 180 indication system can be selected on the menu 2 See page 33 Detecting Fish Schools Aurall
18. mud and seaweeds In addition shells and carcass of animals especially coral imbedded in the seabed cause reflection loss Incident sound pressure Reflection Loss Lb 20 log Reflection sound pressure The actual reflection loss in the sea is shown below The reflection loss remains almost constant up to 50 kHz and then gradually in creases Lot and 2 4 0 2 4 6 1000 Frequency kHz Refelction Loss dB The relation of frequency vs reflection loss for mackerel is shown below The calculated value and actually measured value nearly co incide And also on the contrary to the seabed reflection the reflec tion loss decreases as the frequency increases The K in the figure is the coefficient of fish shape where its larger value introduces smaller reflection loss 62 Reflection Loss dB oO Measured Back Rao p c o 2 cc 30 Frequency kHz Frequency kHz Reflection Loss Reflection Loss Mackerel No 1 Mackerel No 2 Incident Direction of Ultrasonic Wave Species Back Side Head Sardine Bonito Horse Mackerel Sea Bream Turbot Average 63 SPECIFICATIONS 1 Display PPI display on 14 non glare high resolution color CRT 2 Display Color 16 colors according to echo strength 3 Numeric information Scanning Data Range Tilt angle Gain Trackball Mark Data Slant range Horizontal range Depth Bearing Range Bearing Mark Da
19. tilt angle for the automatic tilt function UNIT Selects the unit of depth measurement meter feet fathom or passi braza MENU SELECT This menu enables disables alteration of menu settings Locked settings are displayed in red SUB TEXT This menu turns the sub text indication which is used by the service INDIcation technician on and off Normally turn the indication off LANGUAGE Selects the language to be used Japanese English Spanish or Danish SELF TEST This menu is comprised of eight unit diagnostic tests For further details see the chapter on maintenance 34 11 INTERFACE MODULE CSH 5060 Specifications The CSH 5060 Interface Module permits connection of external equip ment navigational equipment current indicator echo sounder net sonde gyrocompass log etc to display various data on the CSH 5 2 1 a Normal b Normal Text c Echo Sounder Combination Normal Echo Sounder d Sonar Combination Normal Signal on R B Mark NIN 2 Display Mark Course line mark Current mark Event mark Electronic bearing scale Heading mark and Net sonde data are graphically displayed on the Echo Sounder Combination mode 3 Numeric Information Event Mark Data Horizontal range Depth Latest event marked depth and Bearing Navigational Data Ship s speed Heading Water depth Tempera ture Position Data Latitude Longitude
20. time after which normal operation is restored After the test is completed the results are indicated as OK normal operation or NG malfunction to the right of the device checked SINGLE TEST 0635 gt 107kHz 0644 gt 85kHz MAIN 105 0541 105 0542 Display Unit Program No is displayed ROM OR and ROM RAM and P W Password PW OK are checked for proper operation REA TRX Transceiver Unit Program No 105 XXX 105 XXX ois n ROM OK is displayed and ROM and RAM are RAM OK checked for proper operation ROM and RAM of the interface module CSH 5060 option are RAM OK checked for proper operation If the interface module is not provided program number and check result are XXX Version number not displayed 105 0267 XXX ROM OK 54 Conti Test This is a continuous test of the Display and Transceiver Units Addi tionally checked devices are DROM and DRAM CONTI TEST MAIN 105 0541 XXX 105 0542 XXX seek 0635 c 107 2 0644 c 85kHz Not displayed if interface module CSH 5060 is not provided PRESS MENU 2 or 3 SECONDS TO STOP SELFCHECK Panel Test This test checks the controls on the front panel and the control box for proper operation PANEL TEST Main Panel Press each control one by one The figure should change if the _ control is functioning properly 1 Control Box Repeat the above procedure PRESS MENU 2 or 3 SEC
21. while observing the picture Run the boat at various speeds to check if the noise is speed de pendent If neither of the above two steps has effect on the picture adjust the IR Interference Rejector and NOISE LIM noise limiter controls as follows 18 Rejecting Noise with IR Control This control is similar to the interference rejector on echo sounders and radars It is effective for rejecting random noise and sea surface reflections in rough sea conditions Set the IR control to positions 1 thru 3 so that noise is just eliminated Do not use an unneces sarily high setting since it may also reject small wanted echoes Rejecting Noise with NOISE LIM Control Weak unwanted reflections colored light blue or green are displayed when water is contaminated or plankton layers exist or due to ship s noise These echoes gradually become bluish as the NOISE LIM con trol is turned clockwise Usually position 3 to 4 is used Rejecting Interference with TX Cycle When other sonars operate nearby at the same transmission interval as that of own ship s sonar interference ring caused by other sonars are displayed To erase the interference ring from the screen reduce the TX cycle setting on the scan menu screen See page 8 Note When the sonar is used shallow water with the range set between 100 m and 200 m and the TX cycle at 10 seabed reflections caused by the transmission which is the last
22. 8 Research in the waters throughout the world has revealed that there is a difference of approximately 100 m s between the areas where the velocity is maximum and minimum Generally the velocity increases as follows provided that salinity density is constant 3 m s for every 1 degree rise of water temperature 1 7 m s for every 100 m increase of water depth Absorption and Attenuation An ultrasonic wave emitted into water becomes weaker in intensity as it goes away from the emitting source Principle causes of attenu ation are 1 Acoustic energy of the ultrasonic wave decreases gradually through reflection refraction and diffusion in water 2 Acoustic energy is absorbed by the viscosity of the medium wa ter and converted into other forms of energy The higher the frequency the greater the absorption and attenuation of the ultrasonic wave as shown below In other words the absorp tion coefficient is a function of the frequency Generally total energy loss encountered on the way to and from a target is expressed TL dB 40 logR 2 where R Range to a target Q Absorption coefficient f 200kHz a 64 5db km x x 2 Absor 3 102 10 10 Frequency Hz 59 Refraction An ultrasonic wave transmitted in water does not travel straight but is more or less refracted This refraction is caused by the variation of propagation velocity in water If the velocity decrea
23. Discriminate Fish Echoes from the Seabed The following figure illustrates how two fish schools and b are displayed on screen using three different tilt angles Case 1 Tilt angle 30 to 40 degrees Fish school is obscured by the seabed Case 2 Tilt angle 10 to 20 degrees Fish school is located above the seabed midwater Case 3 Tilt angle 0 to 10 degrees Fish school is located close to the seabed Case 2 Case 3 12 Points to Consider Asa general rule of thumb a vertically distributed fish school is a better sonar target than the seabed since it reflects the transmitted pulse back toward to the source Incase 3 both fish schools 3 and b are presented Generally speaking however midwater fish schools tend to be larger than bottom fish schools and they are often displayed near the seabed on the sonar screen Detection of bottom fish is difficult if they are not distributed ver tically Tilt Angle for Surface Fish Sound emitted from the sonar transducer forms a circle shaped beam with a width of approximately 13 degrees in the vertical direction vertical beam width The tilt angle is indicated by the angle be tween the center line of the beam and the horizontal plane Then if the tilt angle is set to O degrees the center line is parallel with the sea surface and one half of the emitted sound goes upward toward the sea surface This causes a half of the emitted sound to be reflected back towar
24. FAR and they mainly compensate for propagation loss on short and long ranges respectively centered at the ranges shown below Setting a TVG in the scan menu larger smaller increases decreases ampli fication of echoes The TVG is also used to suppress unwanted echoes and noise which appear in a certain range area on the screen such as sea surface reflec tions and cruising noise To obtain the proper TVG setting follow the procedure below TVG Setting Procedure 1 Set the TVG menus NEAR to 5 and FAR to 5 These are the standard setting and you can maintain these settings in most cases 2 When sea surface reflections or plankton layers disturb the pic ture adjust the NEAR control to eliminate them They will be eliminated by decreasing the control setting by 1 or 2 16 3 Locate a fish school on a long range setting which is approaching own ship Note that the tilt should be kept adjusted so that the fish school is always placed in the center of the sonar beam i e so that the fish school is displayed in strongest colors possible Check that the fish echo is displayed in the same color while it approaches If the color changes suddenly to weaker colors as the fish echo enters FAR and NEAR areas the TVG is improperly set Adjust the TVG in the scan menu to correct it If this again produces sea surface reflections and noise try to remove them with the AGC and NL controls as described later on Displ
25. HECK Set the VP control on the main panel to OFF position Radial pattern as above is displayed 57 14 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ULTRASONIC WAVE IN WATER The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the charac teristics of the ultrasonic wave in water Sound Velocity It is generally known that an ultrasonic wave travels 1500 meters per second in sea water but in practice some amount of variation arises depending on the season and area from differences in the following three factors Water temperature Salinity density S Water pressure water depth h m Therefore for propagation in surface water the velocity changes not only by area but also by direction of the wave propagation The equa tion obtained thru numerous measurements is C 1410 4 210 0 0370 1 145S 0 0168h m s Velocity m sec Correction value with respect to 1445 4 Depth and Temperature m s 1450 0 Depth 1454 4 N 100 200 300 400 500 600 1458 8 C 1463 1 14672 5 8 36 54 73 91 109 1471 3 1475 3 10 18 36 54 72 90 108 1479 2 1483 0 15 8 36 54 72 9 0 1486 7 1490 3 14938 20 8 36 54 72 9 0 1497 3 1500 6 25 8 36 54 73 9 1 1503 8 15070 Fig 1 Sound Velocity 1513 0 1515 9 1518 7 O 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 5
26. ONDS TO STOP SELFCHECK SIO Test This test checks the input output parts of the Transceiver Unit The results of the test are indicated as OK or NG 5101 Checks communication line between display and MAIN SIO1 OK transceiver unit 5102 OK 5102 SIO NAV and SIO CI check SIO NAV NG communication line between interface SIO CI NG module option and display unit Short plug is required to conduct this test PRESS MENU 2 or 3 SECONDS TO STOP SELFCHECK 55 Color Test The color test checks for proper display of all colors COLOR TEST 16 Color display WHT RED GRN PRESS MENU 2 or 3 SECON DS TO STOP SELFCHECK Echo 1 Test The 1 test checks echo processing circuits in the display unit for proper operation DISPLAY ECHO TEST R29 PRESS MENU 2 or 3 SECONDS TO STOP SELFCHECK 56 Gray Test The gray test checks for proper display of monochrome characters and markers Concentric rings and a monochrome test bar are dis played GRAY TEST WEN PRESS MENU 2 or 3 SECONDS P SELFCHECK Echo 2 Test The echo 2 test checks echo processing circuits in the transceiver and display units PRESS MENU 2 or 3 SECONDS TO STOP SELFC
27. appears when the R B key is depressed To erase the mark press the R B key again 51 Event Mark Position Output Connected to a navigator the CSH 5 2 can output event mark position data to external equipment when the EVENT key is oper ated The data sentence output is SSTLL NMEA 1162 for mat 52 12 MAINTENANCE General The CSH 5 MARK 2 is designed and constructed to provide many years of trouble free performance when properly maintained User performable maintenance and important points to be observed are outlined in the figure below WARNING Do not open the cover of the equipment This equipment uses high voltage electricity which can shock burn or cause death Only qualified personnel should work inside the equipment Handle with care Keep screen and filter clean Put on cover after operation Keep heater away Allow room for ventilation Do not use thinner or benzine for cleaning Use a water moistened soft cloth r Keep magnets and cassette tapes away Apply MOLYTONE grease 2 every six months Raise transducer and apply DAPHAECOROAEX 2 Color may become distorted d E over the main shaft every six months CAUTION The zinc block attached near the transducer must be replaced at periodic maintenance Reapply one coat of antifaulant MARINE STAR 20 Mod Red N The j
28. aries the tilt used to change settings on menu angle of the sounding beam screens between 0 and 55 The operating angle is always indicated on the screen RANGE selects a picture display range This control is also used to select items on menu screens Note that this control endlessly turns in both directions TRACKBALL moves the trackball mark i to a desired position The trackball mark data i e slant range horizontal range depth and bearing to the mark are always indicated on the screen Additionally this control is used to position the own ship s mark enter event marks and set the alarm DELETE OFF CENTER AUTO TILT SECTOR SCAN EVENT displays the latest event mark and its position data i e horizontal range depth and bearing measured from own ship s posi tion optional interface board is required to use this function To delete event mark locate the cursor on a event mark you want to delete and press EVENT DELETE key R B draws a straight line called Bearing Mark from own ship posi tion mark N toward the trackball mark and simultaneously draws a circle called Range Mark with a radius of to Range and bearing data of the intersection of the two marks are displayed on the lower center of the screen To turn off the range and bearing marks move the trackball mark near the own ship position mark and press the R B key
29. ay mode 46 Indications 1 Normal Mode NORM Electronic Bearing Scale Heading Indication Mark Indication Bearing Current Mark Course Mark 47 Own Ship s Mark 2 Normal Text Mode Current Indication Past Event Mark Position Data 17 Navigational Data Latest Event Mark Data 48 3 Echo Sounder Combination Mode COMBI 1 Normal Echo Sounder Sonar Picture Echo Sounder Picture 16 Color Bar 49 4 Sonar Combination COMBI 2 Normal Signal on R B Mark t d teks 1 26 S s a 16 Color Bar 50 Marks and Data New Marks and Data This section explains Marks and Data available from equip ment interfaced Pages 24 to 25 show the location of these Marks and Data Description The position data of the latest event mark i e horizontal range present depth J and bearing irio Shows the latest event mark original depth which remains unchanged even if ship moves or tilt angle is changed When the event mark is erased on the MENU screen the above data disappear from the screen Own Ship s Mark A You can plot up to 10 own ship s marks on the course line The mark can be erased on the MENU screen Elecrtonic Bearing Scale c The electronic bearing scale is available with gyrocompass connec
30. aying Surface Fish Clearly When you are searching for surface fish with the tilt set to a narrow angle sea surface reflections may disturb or mask wanted fish echoes In this case in addition to the TVG adjustment described earlier adjust the AGC control between positions 0 thru 3 Suppressing Seabed Tail As noted earlier fish schools echoes located near the seabed are sometimes difficult to detect because you have to discriminate them in the seabed reflections The AGC control and PULSELENGTH in the scan menu if used properly decrease the tail of seabed reflec tions making it easier to discriminate bottom fish AGC Control The AGC control functions to automatically reduce the receiver gain only against strong echoes such as the seabed or a large fish school Since weak echoes remain unaffected a small fish school becomes easier to detect Adjust it so that the AGC works only on seabed re flections Do not turn it too far clockwise PL Pulselength The pulselength control determines the length of the transmission pulse emitted into the water While a longer pulse is advantageous for long range sounding it has the disadvantage of being poor in discrimination of targets i e ability to separate several closely lo cated targets When searching bottom fish therefore it is useful to shorten the pulselength in order to separate fish echoes from seabed reflections Decrease the PL setting to shorten the pulselength
31. below E S IR Turns the Interference Rejector on and off E S GAIN Controls the gain of the Echo Sounder picture E S CLUTTER Eliminates the noise appearing on the screen E S ADVANCE Adjusts the picture advancement speed 1 1 is fastest 1 8 is slowest E S COL CURVE This menu sets the balance between weak and strong echoes In the LINEAR Response Color position output echo strength displayed varies proportionally with input Curve actual echo strength Select a higher setting to emphasize weak echoes Weak echoes are displayed in stronger echo colors as the number goes higher The standard setting is the LINEAR position E S DRAFT Adjusts the draft of the own ship according to loading conditions Irrespective of the depth unit selection the draft adjustment is available from 0 to 10 min 0 5 m steps Selects the display range of the Echo Sounder from the table below Depth unit may be selected on the SYSTEM Menu 45 MENU 2 Refer to pages 47 to 51 for location on the screen Item Contents BEARING SCALE This menu turns the electronic bearing scale on and off CURRENT MARK COURSE MARK This menu turns the current mark on and off This menu selects the length of the course line plot from or 5R R range in use If course line display is not necessary select OFF to erase it HEADING INDI Selects 32 azimuth or tru
32. d at step 5 The rolling and pitching of the ship in the direction of the bearing mark is compensated by automatically adjusting the tilt angle xs Picture in direction 5 selected with bearing mark is compesnated Note The entire picture is not compensated in the full circle scan ning the tilt angle for each bearing cannot be changed Only one bearing is compensated and bearing error will result for any bearing not stabilized gee Tilting in bow direction Bearing mark at 0 bow direction beam stabilized Echo captured by beam Echo not captured by beam Tilt can be controlled manually from 0 to 55 however rolling and pitching are compensated from 5 to 55 with the tilt angle at 20 38 5 Detecting Fish Echoes in Specific Area Fish Alarm The fish alarm alerts you to fish echoes in an area you select Any fish echoes entering the area will trigger the audio alarm The fish echo level which triggers the alarm may be selected from the scan menu 1 Press the MENU key to open the SCAN menu 2 On the scan menu use the RANGE control to select RANGE BEARING Use the GAIN control to select FISH ALM Use the RANGE control to select FISH ALARM Use the GAIN control to select ON Press the MENU key to close the menu DU OQ Use the trackball to place the trackball mark on the starting bear ing and press the R B key 8 Use the trackball to
33. d the transducer and displayed on the screen as sea surface reflections When the sea is calm since the sound is reflected just like a light hitting a mirror at a narrow incident angle it propagates away and the sea surface reflections become negligible However if the sea is not calm enough they will become dominant and will interfere with observation of wanted echoes To minimize these sea surface reflections and to search surface fish schools effec tively the tilt angle is usually set to 5 6 degrees so that the upper portion of the beam becomes almost parallel with the sea surface When the sea is rough it is often set to a little larger angle SEA SURFACE SEA SURFACE Suitable Tilt Angle The figure on the next page illustrates the relationship among tilt angle depth and detection range Refer to it to find out the suitable tilt angle for a given depth detection range 13 Og YIPIM 001 00 091 08 wi 021 09 lt 08 Or a 07 008 007 s 111 foros Lo ee eS f Ld LIE 2 pe s AUNT a RAS de pr POBRE u s F lt ta DES wir a gt 009 00 008 002 Adjusting the Gain The gain should be adjusted to see fish ec
34. e X OOOOOOOOOO OO SCAN MENU SCAN MENU gt RANGE SW U D GAIN SW L R MENU MODE E S DISPLAY 1 NORM TEXT COMBI 2 HUE 3 4 18 O PULSELENGTH 7 TX CYCLE 10 TVG NEAR 6 TVG FAR 7 DELETE COLOR 0 Y AUTO SCN WDTH 10 40 60 AUTO WDTH 2 10 4 14 10 26 MARK ERASE COURSE SHIP EVENT RANGE BEARING TARGET STAB FISH ALM wy FISH ALARM ON OFF ALARM LEVEL 9 BEAMANGL 888 NARROW VER MDA NARROW RESCOLCURVE LINEAR 3 O COL EMPHASIS 1 LOW 2 4 HIGH FUNC KEY PROG _ FUNC2 FACTORY E S MENU E S MENU RANGE SW U D GAIN SW L R MENU MODE E S RANGE E S SHIFT E S IR OFF E S GAIN 3 0 E S CLUTTER 1 0 E S ADVANCE 1 2 E S COL CURVE LINEAR 1 E S DRAFT 0 0 m 43 10 Contents of Menu Items This section describes the menu items available with the addition of the CSH 5060 and external equipment MENU 1 SCAN E S Menu Scan menu Contents Selects a menu MENU 1 MENU 2 or SYSTEM Menu Selects a picture display mode among the four below 9 10 3 5 KAY 4 Je C e NORM TEXT COMBI 1 COMBI 2 NORM Normal Mode displays a sonar picture on entire screen TEXT Normal Text The text area appears on the lower area This area is for displaying own ship s position ship s speed cours
35. e depth and tidal current COMBI 1 Sonar Combination Normal Signal on Bearing Mark The echoes the bearing mark direction appears on the lower 2 5ths of the screen COMBI 2 Echo Sounder Combination Normal Echo Sounder When an external echo sounder is connected the picture from the echo sounder appears on the lower 2 5ths of the screen DELETE COLOR Deletes echo colors whose strength is lower than the strength selected here Useful for eliminating noise MARK ERASE for scan menu Selects the item to erase with the TX key COURSE track SHIP own ship mark EVENT event mark Each pressing of the key deletes eldest track ship or event mark for scan menu only This menu chooses the function of the R B key NORM The echoes in the direction designated by the bearing mark are stabilized against the ship s pitching and rolling TARGET Echo designated by the target lock mark is automatically tracked STAB Compensates for the effects of pitching and rolling Requires Motion Sensor MS 100 FISH ALM Enables the user to set the fish alarm zone FISH ALARM Disables enables the audio alarm for the fish alarm ALARM LEVEL Chooses echo level which will trigger the fish alarm 44 E S Menu E S SHIFT Shifts the start depth of the display range and the maximum value is about 1000 m irrespective of the depth unit The unit shift value is determined by the range in use See table
36. e bearing indication CURRENT INDI Selects the current data indication method 32 azimuth true bearing or relative bearing 180 or 360 indication method EVENT IND Selects the bearing data indication method of the even mark 32 azimuth true bearing or relative bearing 180 or 360 indication method MARK INDI Selects the bearing data indication method of the trackball and bearing marks POSITION DATA SYSTEM MENU Selects the own ship s position display method L L or TD Item Contents SHIP SPD BR This menu selects the source which feeds course line data LOG PULSE Refer to the specifications of the speed log connected The selections available are 200 or 400 pulses mile CI BAUD RATE Refer to the specifications of the equipment connected to the CI connector current indicator The standard setting is 4800 bps NAV FORMAT Selects the format for data communication NAV BAUD RATE Refer to the specifications of the navigation equipment connected to the NAV connector loran GPS etc The standard setting is 4800 bps NAV DATA This menu selects the navigation equipment which feeds position data to the CSH 8 If ALL is selected the position data with the highest priority is chosen from plural data available GPS has the highest priority and the LA the lowest COMBI SCALE This menu selects the location of the scale in the combination displ
37. e of the screen and incon venient for observation use the off center function to relocate the fish school to the desired place on the screen Fish School Fish School Off center ON Own ship Mark Trackball Mark Procedure 1 Move the trackball mark j to the position where the own ship mark is to be moved 21 2 Press the OFF CENTER key on the front panel 3 To move the own ship mark back to the center of the screen press the OFF CENTER key again Finding Fish School Center When you want to find the center depth of a fish school use the auto tilt function which automatically scans the tilt angle within the se lected width Procedure 1 Call up the scan menu select the menu item AUTO TLT WDTH and then choose a tilting width The center tilt angle of the scan ning is set by the TILT lever Both center and current tilt angles are displayed along with the range data at the upper right corner on the screen R 800 Range T 8 Angle set by TILT lever 2788 10 Present tilt angle s Angle set by TILT lever Registering F1 F2 function key and Recalling Function keys provide user defined sonar settings by one key opera tion Default setting These keys are preset at factory for one key operation as follows F1 For detection of near ange F2 For detection of far range PULSELENGTH TX CYCLE TVG NEAR TVG FAR TX OUTPUT 10 PULSELENGTH T TX CYCLE TVG NEAR TVG FAR
38. eep heater away from equipment A heater can melt the equipment s power cord which can cause fire or electrical shock Use the proper fuse Fuse rating is shown on the equipment Use of a wrong fuse can result in equipment damage Do not operate the equipment with wet hands Electrical shock can result CAUTION Do not exceed 18 knots when operating the equipment and do not exceed 16 knots when lowering or raising the transducer The transducer may become damaged The zinc block attached near the transducer must be replaced yearly The junction between the transducer and main shaft may corrode which can result in loss of the transducer or water leakage inside the ship Do not use the equipment for other than its intended purpose Use of the equipment as a stepping stool for example may result in personal injury or equipment damage A warning label is attached to the equip ment Do not remove the label If the label is missing or damaged contact a FURUNO agent or dealer AWARNING Name Warning Label 1 WARNING ZR Type 86 003 1011 0 To avoid electrical shock do not remove cover No user serviceable Code No 100 236 230 parts inside TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 FOREWORD 1 2 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION 2 3 CONTROLS 3 Operating Controls vae RE So eee 3 Panels ul ua Stan aaa ean aaa 4 Control Box il unan
39. f the material medium that is the velocity of the ultrasonic wave changes The velocity of an ultrasonic wave with respect to its medium is 200 thru 400 m s in gas except for hydrogen and helium 900 thru 2000 m s in liquid several times higher than in air and 2000 thru 6400 m s in ordinary metal 61 The product of the density P and the velocity C is called intrinsic acoustic impedance and in the boundary between two media which has extremely different C from each other most of the acoustic power is reflected and only a small portion penetrates In the boundary be tween water and air the acoustic energy penetrates with a loss of approximately 30 dB that is approximately 0 1 of the energy pen etrates from one medium to the other Reflection from water which contains air bubbles is caused by the fact that the cubic elasticity decreases in aerated water causing the intrinsic acoustic impedance to change In the actual sonar operation adverse effect of air bubbles is shown by interrupted display of target echoes which occurs while crossing over the wake of another boat or when the sonar transducer passes above the air bubbles generated by own ship Air bubbles in water have a resonant frequency of 15 kHz thru 100 kHz and hence the ultrasonic wave in this frequency range is most strongly affected Reflection at Seabed and Fish School The nature of the seabed is roughly classified into the following four kinds crag sand
40. h Tilt Angle 5 10 Because of the narrow tilt angle seabed echo is not displayed Sea surface reflections are present Fish school Sea Surface Reflections b Midwater Bottom Fish Fish echo appears before seabed echo Tilt Angle 30 or more Seabed Fish school Large midwater fish school is present Fish echo appears together with or after seabed echo Tilt Angle 0 20 Fish School Seabed Since the seabed is displayed in weak echo colors longer range detection and detection of close to bottom fish school become possible 27 SEA SURFACE 13 Tilt angle 0 Tilt Angle 5 6 13 w Other Ship 4 Own Ship Tilt Angle 0 10 Own Ship s Screw Noise Sea Surface Reflections To reduce the sea surface reflections set the tilt angle to 5 or more so that the upper edge of the sonar beam may not hit sea surface or adjust TVG functions When the sonar 15 used with a narrow tilt angle the sea surface reflections cover large area up to 300 m to 400 m as illustrated below Tilt Angle Indication Sea Surface Reflection SEA SURFACE Wake Awake produced by own ship or another ship can be a strong reflect ing object when the sonar is used with a narrow tilt angle As the wake appears on the screen as a thick continuous line it can be easily distinguished from a fish school On the other hand the wake con tains a lot of
41. hoes clearly with minimal noise on the screen Too high a setting not only causes excessive noise on the screen and makes it difficult to discriminate wanted fish echoes but also causes seabed echoes to be painted in strong colors resulting that the echoes from bottom fish are masked by seabed re flections Normally positions 3 thru 7 are used Gain Low Gain Proper Gain High 15 5 FINE TUNING THE PICTURE General In the previous chapter basic operation of the sonar was presented This chapter describes the procedures for fine tuning the sonar pic ture Eliminating Unwanted Feeble Echoes Echoes from targets such as seabed and fish return to the transducer in order of distance to them and when we compare their intensities at the transducer face those from nearer targets are generally stronger when their reflecting properties are nearly equal The sonar operator will be quite inconvenienced if these echoes are directly displayed on the screen since he can not judge the actual size of the target from the size of echoes displayed on the screen To overcome this inconve nience the TVG function is incorporated It compensates for propa gation loss of sound in water amplification of echoes on short rang 15 suppressed and gradually increased as range increases so that similar targets are displayed in the similar intensities irrespective of the ranges to them The CSH 5 MARKZ incorporates two TVG function NEAR and
42. in the scan menu For search of surface and midwater fish in which seabed reflections are not so strong the longest pulselength 10 should be used 17 Suppressing Seabed and Sea Surface Reflections in Shallow Fishing Grounds In shallow fishing grounds with hard or rocky bottom seabed reflec tions often interfere with wanted fish echoes and they can not be eliminated sufficiently with the aforementioned TVG and AGC con trols especially when the TILT is set to a larger angle in order to track fish schools approaching within 400 m In such cases try to reduce the output power by setting the OUTPUT in the scan menu without turning down the gain The picture becomes clearer when output power is reduced rather than when the gain is decreased as illustrated below Fish echo weakened TVG amp AGC adjusted with OUTPUT maintained high M Fish echo OUTPUT decreased with gain maintained constant Rejecting Sonar Interference and Noise While observing the sonar picture you may encounter occasional or intermittent noise and interference as shown below These are mostly caused by on board electronic equipment engine or propeller noise or electrical noise from other sonars being operated nearby Identifying Noise Source To eliminate noise effectively you should first identify the noise source Turnoffthe TX switch on the control box and operate all on board equipment one by one
43. l 18 OFF CENTER key 6 22 Output power 18 Overvoltage remedy 30 Panel test 55 POWER switch 30 Powering off 11 Powering on 10 Pulselength 17 R R B key 6 21 Range and bearing measurement 20 RANGE control 5 RANGE switch 11 Refraction 60 Index 1 5 Scan menu 8 Sea surface reflections 28 Seabed echo 26 SECTOR SCAN key 6 21 Sidelobe 29 Single test 54 SIO test 51 Sound velocity 58 System configuration 2 System menu 33 T Tilt angle and discriminating fish echoes from bottom 12 for surface fish 13 general selection 11 TILT lever 5 11 Trackball 5 TRANSDUCER switch 5 11 30 TVG adjustment 16 cycle 19 W Wake recognition 28 Index 2
44. lect item with the RANGE control and 1 S setting with the GAIN control The selected item is highlighted in E green and the selected setting is circumscribed in white To scroll RANGE GAIN the menu turn the RANGE control counterclockwise Note The gain and range of the sonar picture can not be changed while the scan menu is displayed Exit from Menu Screen To exit from the menu screen and return to the sonar screen press the MENU key Note Items shown in RED indicate they are locked to prevent alter ation To unlock a setting call up the SYSTEM MENU 40 8 Menu Description The CSH 5 MARK 2 employs three menu screens MENU 1 MENU 2 and SYSTEM Menu to preset infrequently used functions During normal operation transducer lowered transmitter ON the SCAN Menu appears on the screen This lets you adjust settings while ob serving the sonar picture Application How to use After installation select each item according to MENU 1 p 5 your system configuration For system settin MENU 2 i 5 Select items after raising transducer or SYSTEM MENU turning off the transmitter SCAN MENU Recall the menu screen by MENU key and For user setting adjust the item for the best quality sonar picture E S MENU 9 Menu Screen Indications 1 1 RANGE SW U D GAIN SW MENU MENMA MENU 2 SYSTEM DISPLAY MODE COMBI1 NORM COMBI 2 HUE
45. lower Allowable Ship s Speed operahan 9 Other Features Interference Rejector Video Processing Noise Limiter Automatic Tilt Scanning Overvoltage Warning Unretracted Transducer Warn ing 10 Power Supply Power Consumption 100 1 15 200 240 VAC 50 60Hz 16 0 4KVA on average 1 max 24 32VDC with optional DC AC inverter CSH 5050 SP 2 INDEX A Absorption 59 AGC control 17 Air bubbles 61 Attenuation 59 AUDIO control 21 AUTO TILT key 6 C Color test 56 Conti test 55 Control box panel 5 D Data description 25 DEMAG button 3 Diagnostics color test 56 conti test 55 echo 1 test 56 echo 2 test 57 gray test 57 panel test 55 single test 54 SIO test 55 turning on off 54 E 1 test 56 Echo 2 test 57 EVENT DELETE key 6 EVENT key 6 F F1 F2 keys 22 False echoes sidelobe 29 Fish school echo 27 G GAIN control 5 15 Gray test 53 Interface Module CSH 5060 35 51 available menu items 44 46 display marks 35 display mode 35 E S menu 43 event mark 36 indications 47 50 marks and data 51 menu description 41 43 menu screen 40 MENU 1 41 MENU 2 42 numeric information 35 operation 36 46 own ship mark 36 SCAN menu 43 specifications 35 SYSTEM menu 42 target lock mark 36 IR control 19 Main panel 4 Maintenance zinc block replacement 53 Mark description 24 MENU key 5 Menu operation basic 7 scan menu operation 32 system menu description 33 N NOISE LIM contro
46. ly Beams tilted down more than 15 degrees travel in almost straight lines Between the two beams a blind zone is cre ated beyond the 600 m point In this zone nothing can be detected The shown drawing is only an example calculated by a computer based on the temperature with depth as shown in the left column of the figure In actual fishing grounds the temperature distribution and subsequently the behavior of the sound beam is much more compli cated It is therefore for effective use of sonar necessary to know at least roughly how the temperature is distributed in various waters 0 10 20 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1690 1800 2000 re gE A EEE Ne 5 50 10 NJ l Blind zone 100 15 20 1 amp 50 25 30 35 o Adverse Effect of Air Bubbles Even infinitesimal air bubbles in sea water liquid medium affect propagation of ultrasonic sound This is because the cubic elasticity of gas is extremely small when compared with that of liquid the air bubbles violently vibrate contract and expand by the action of sound pressure diffusing the ultrasonic wave and dispersing part of the acoustic energy In a liquid which contains a large amount of air bubbles attenuation of an ultrasonic wave increases and the wave is reflected at the boundary of waters which contain and do not contain air bubbles From the above it can be said that reflection occurs in the boundary where the density P o
47. n CONTROL SETTINGS OUTPUT 10 Location for PL 10 TVG Far Near 5 5 card AGC 0 NOISE LIM 3 VP 1 IR OFF MW Turn power ON OFF Lower raise transducer 4 Turn transmitter on 5 Set tilt angle Adjust gain 3 Select display range Turning the Power On Off Power On Press the POWER switch on the main panel The lamp at the left of the switch lights Note The Display and the Transceiver are checked for proper op eration each time the power is applied The check is explained in greater detail in a later chapter 10 Power Off Press the TRANSDUCER 4 switch on the control box Wait until the lamp above the switch lights and then press the POWER OFF switch Note that the transducer automatically retracts into the tank even if the POWER OFF switch is pressed without raising the transducer by pressing the TRANSDUCER 4 switch However for safety purposes it is recommended that you make a habit of press ing the TRANSDUCER 4 switch first to ensure that the trans ducer is retracted Lowering the Transducer Press the TRANSDUCER switch The lamp above the switch flickers and then lights when the transducer is fully lowered CAUTION Observe maximum allowable ship s speed of 18 knots during operation and 16 knots while raising lowering transducer Selecting a Display Range The RANGE switch on the control box is used t
48. o select a display range The range selected is displayed at the top center of the screen Setting the Tilt Angle The tilt angle shows the direction to which the sound wave is emit ted When the sound wave is emitted horizontally it is said to be zero 0 degrees and when emitted vertically 90 degrees To set a tilt angle operate the TILT lever for the desired angle while watching the tilt angle indication at the top right hand side of the screen The tilt angle can be set in one degree steps within the range of 0 to 55 degrees Finding the proper tilt angle is of utmost importance when searching for fish This unit because of its compact size is highly suited to coastal water fishing where the depth of the main fishing ground is from 50 100 m In this type of fishing ground it is imperative that the seabed echo be always displayed to properly distinguish between fish and the seabed When selecting a tilt angle keep the following points in mind 11 Seabed Echo vs Tilt Angle Case 1 Tilt Angle 30 to 40 degrees A wide tilt angle will display the entire seabed since it is captured by the full width of the beam Case 2 Tilt Angle 10 to 20 degrees A narrow tilt angle will display only half the seabed since it is cap tured by only the lower half of the beam Case 3 Tilt Angle 0 to 10 degrees An exceptionally narrow tilt angle may or may not capture the sea bed since the returning echo is weak Example of How to
49. place the trackball mark on the ending bear ing and press the R B key Alarm area Starting point Ending point 4 Z To disable the fish alarm press the R B key Note The starting point may be selected at the outside or inside of the alarm zone You may also set a 360 degree alarm by set ting the starting and ending points within three degrees of each other as in c and d in the figure below More than 3 Within 3 a b 39 6 Fish Alarm On Off Fish Alarm Sensitivity The audio alarm for the fish alarm can be enabled disabled and the fish alarm sensitivity can be selected from the scan menu 1 Press the MENU key to open the SCAN menu 2 Use the RANGE control to select FISH ALARM 3 Use the GAIN control to select the echo strength which will trig ger the fish alarm The setting range is 0 to 14 Choose 0 for no audio alarm For example selecting 4 will trigger the audio alarm when an echo whose strength is between 0 and 4 comes into the fish alarm zone 4 Press the MENU key to close the menu 7 Menu Screen Recalling ey Press the MENU key The SCAN MENU E S MENU appears TRANSDUCER on the lower part of the screen Note that the SCAN or E S MENU can be recalled only when the transmitter is ON When the Echo sounder combination mode is selected Changing Setting Pon 2 4 To change a setting se
50. r as shown in B The noise from some marine life appears on the screen as in C This noise can be suppressed by the IR control B C Noise and Interference 29 9 WARNING Overvoltage Warning If the supply voltage rises about 20 to over the rated value the overvoltage detection circuit is actuated The following warning flick ers at the center of the screen and an alarm sounds OVERVOLTAGE If this occurs retract the transducer turn the POWER off and check the ship s mains and the stepdown transformer if provided Unretracted Transducer Warning When the transducer can not be completely retracted within 35 sec onds after pressing the TRANSDUCER switch the following warning flickers at the center of the screen and an alarm is released XDCR NOT RETRACTED If this occurs do the following 1 The POWER switch can not be turned off because the transducer can not be retracted Turn off the main breaker for the transceiver unit to stop operation Confirm that the net is not entwined around the transducer Confirm that the breaker inside the raise lower control box mounted on the hull unit is ON Check the mains fuse in the transceiver unit Apply the power again and confirm that the transducer is retracted into the tank If not the main shaft of the hull unit may be bent Cut off the power again and manually raise the transducer up to the highest position by
51. r sonars BRILL adjusts brightness of the screen in eleven steps CONTRAST adjusts the range of brightness between highlights and shadows on the produced image DIMMER adjusts panel main panel and control box panel illumination AUDIO controls the volume of the built in loudspeaker for monitoring a target echo appearing the bearing mark COLOR SCANNING SONAR POWER switches on and off the entire system Note When the power is turned off before retracting the transducer the transducer is automatically retracted However for safety purposes do not forget to retract the transducer before turn ing the power off Control Box Panel m TRANSDUCER retracts and lower the transducer The lamp above the switch flickers while the transducer is moving and lights when stopped TX turns on the transmitter freeze the display and turns off the transmitter The light above the switch is on when the transmitter is turned on and flickers when off Note The transmitter is turned off when the transducer is retracted even if the light above the TX switch is on MENU turns the menu display on and off AUTO TILT TRANSDUCER SECTOR SCAN GAIN adjusts the receiver sensitivity Adjust it for clear presentation of fish school echoes This control is also TILT continuously v
52. sducer or MENU turning off the transmitter MENU 2 For system setting Recall the menu screen by MENU key and adjust the item for the best quality sonar picture SCAN MENU For user setting Recalling Scan Menu Press the MENU key and 5 lines of the menu items are displayed on the lower part of the screen Note that the scan menu can be recalled only when the transmitter is on SCAN MENU RANGE SW U D GAIN SW L R HUE TX OUTPUT PULSELENGTH TX CYCLE TVG NEAR Changing Setting To change a setting select item with the RANGE control and setting with the GAIN control The selected item is highlighted in green and the selected setting is circumscribed in white To scroll the menu items turn the RANGE control counterclockwise Note The gain and range of the sonar picture can not be changed while the scan menu is displayed Turning Off Scan Menu To turn off the scan menu press the MENU key Note Settings for the items shown in red are locked To unlock the settings call up the system menu See page 33 List of Scan Menu Items SCANMENU RANGE SW U D GAIN SW L R HUE PLUSELENGTH TX CYCLE TVG NEAR TVG FAR AUTO SCN WDTH 10 40 60 AUTO WDTH 2 10 49 149 109 26 BEAMANGL WIDE VER BEAMANGL MUPIHEEEEE NARROW RES COL CURVE LINER 1 COL EMPHASIS 1 LOW 2 FUNC KEY PROG GUNG FUNC2 2
53. ses temperature decreases with depth the top part of the wave front moves faster than its bottom part and gradually the front bends downwards In the same way it bends upwards if the sound velocity increases tempera ture rises with depth In other words the ultrasonic wave refracts toward colder water 0 18 amp 0 18 3 x 2 o 50 16 s 50 20 sx S 5 m a A m 0 5 1 1 5 212 m 0 5 1 1 5 pi Distance Km Distance Km Here a fishing ground off Hokkaido island in Japan is taken as an example Seaface small fish school Fishing Ground off Hokkaido Summer In summer there is a large difference in salinity density below and above the 100 m deep point An ultrasonic wave emitted almost in the horizontal direction propagates within 100 m deep water in the same way as a radio wave in a waveguide As a result even a small fish school is sometimes detected at an unexpected long range or on the contrary detection of a large fish school does not extend to a relatively long range These phenomena are encountered when two fish schools lie in positions A and B of the illustration 60 The drawing below shows how temperature variation affects sound propagation with respect to different emitting directions tilt angles Beams tilted five and ten degrees bend upward at 400 m and 600 m points respective
54. ta Range Bearing 4 Range Pulselength Range Maximum Display Range m OFF Center OFF OFF Center ON 85 110 135 100 130 160 150 195 240 200 200 320 250 325 400 300 390 480 350 455 500 400 520 640 450 585 720 500 650 800 600 780 960 800 1040 1280 1000 1300 1600 1200 1560 1920 1600 2080 2560 Basic Range m NOTE 1 Ranges shown for off center on are maximum 2 Under certain circumstances a target fish school may not be detected due to its nature or because of sea conditions even if it is located within the display range Pulselength 0 5ms to 20ms interlocked with range PRR 0 2 sec to 4 0 sec interlocked with range can be changed in 11 steps SP 1 5 AUDIO SEARCH Searching Method Echoes in the direction of the bearing mark are audibly monitored by the built in loudspeaker Audio Sector 20 40 80 120 selectable Audio Output 2W Audio Frequency 800Hz 6 Transmitter Receiver Transmitter High power MOS FET amplifier with 11 step power reduction switch Receiver Low noise superheterodyne continuously scan ning beam forming Tx Frequency 55kHz 68kHz 7 Tilt Angle Tilt Angle 0 to 55 Auto Tilt 2 to 26 selectable 8 Hull Unit 400mm travel 600mm travel Transducer Travel 400m 600m Raising Time 14 sec 20 sec Lowering Time 14 sec 20 sec Driving System Remote electric control 18 knots max 16 knots during raise
55. tching on the AUTO TILT switch Switches Displa Switches Display TILT T AUTO TILT SPD t GAIN G AUTO SCAN WDTH 00 RANGE R 25 8 INTERPRETING THE DISPLAY General This section provides information necessary for interpreting the display Interpreting the Display Seabed When the tilt angle is changed the seabed echo illustrated below will appear on the screen When the tilt angle is decreased the seabed trace becomes wider and weaker By observing the seabed condition on the screen the skipper can prevent the net from being damaged by a reef or a shipwreck a Flat Seabed Tilt Angle 10 15 Narrow tilt angle only half of vertical beam width captures the seabed 0 Flat Seabed Tilt Angle 20 or more Seabed is displayed narrower and ina stronger echo colors compared to a c Slanting Seabed Tilt Angle 20 or more A shallow bottom is displayed in a strong echo color and with a short tail The deeper seabed echo in a displayed in a weak color and with a long tail Seabed 26 Fish School A fish school appears as a mass of echoes on the screen The color of the mass shows the density of fish schools on the sonar beam To know the distribution and center point of a fish school the tilt should be changed to several different angles a Sea Surface Fis
56. tion It rotates with own ship s movement Course Line Mark Sh resur The own ship s course line is plotted by a solid line when gyrocompass speed log or a navigation device GPS or Loran C is connected The course line length is selectable from 5 or 10 times the range in use You can erase the line by the MENU screen Current Mark 3 12 When a current indicator is connected the current mark shows the speed and direction of three current layers numbered 1 through 3 The current speed is indicated by the length of the vector However no vectors are developed if the current speed is 0 1 knots or less The vector shows current direction The current mark can be erased on the MENU screen Tridal Current Data In the Normal Mode with Text current speed and direction for three current layers appear in the text area The display method for the current direction can be selected on the MENU screen Own ship s speed S heading C water depth D and water temperature T can be displayed on the text area when appropriate equipment are interfaced Own ship s position is shown in the Normal with Text mode Position fixing equipment is required The north mark is available with gyrocompass connection In the target lock mode automatic echo tracking the target lock mark
57. unction between the no other paints are allowed on the transducer and main shaft may washed polyuretane transducer face corrode which can result in loss of upon dry docking at least once a the transducer or water leakage year to prevent seashells and inside the ship seaweeds from growing Hull Unit 53 13 UNIT DIAGNOSTIC TESTS This unit has eight built in diagnostic tests which check it for proper performance Although the tests are designed primarily for use by the service technician they can also be executed by the user to identify defective components However never attempt to check inside the unit there are no user serviceable parts inside Any repair work is best left to a qualified technician Turning on off Diagnostic Test 1 Press the MENU key and then select the system menu by operat ing the GAIN control 2 Select the SELF TEST function by operating the RANGE switch Select an appropriate self test by operating the GAIN control LANGUAGE ENGLISH JAPANESE ESPANOL DANSK SELF TEST SINGLE PANEL COLOR GRAY CONTI SIO ECHO 1 ECHO 2 3 Press the TX switch to execute the self test 4 To exit from the self test screen press the MENU key for a few seconds When the SINGLE is selected the unit automatically restores the system menu after the test is completed Description of Unit diagnostic Tests Single Test This test checks the Main Board and Transceiver Unit for proper op eration one
58. using the hand crank attached to the hull unit 30 Hand Crank Down Command LED Red Bottom Power SW hull unit Power switch Normally position Main Fuse Fuse for Transceiver Transceiver Unit 31 Power LED Green Breaker 10 MENU General The CSH 5 MARK 2 employs three menu screens menu 1 2 and system menu to preset infrequently used functions Changing Menu Settings Procedure to Change Menu Settings 1 Turn off the transmitter with the TX key LED flickers Press the MENU key The menu 1 appears 2 3 To select another menu operate the GAIN control 4 Select a menu item with the RANGE switch and change the set ting with the GAIN control Note Setting for the items shown in red are locked To unlock the settings change the menu select setting on the system menu Menu 1 The figure below shows 1 The contents of the menu 1 are same as the scan menu described on page 8 SCAN MENU MENU MODE TX OUTPUT PULSELENGTH TX CYCLE TVG NEAR TVG FAR AUTO SCN WDTH AUTO TLT WDTH HOR BEAM ANGL VER BEAM ANGL RES COL CURVE COL EMPHASIS FUNC KEY PROG MENU 1 MENU 2 10 2 10 WIDE I NARROW LINEAR 1 1 LOW 2 FUNC2 RANGE SW U D GAIN SW L R SYSTEM 40 60 4 14 10 26 NARROW 2 ___ 4 HIGH FACTORY 32 Menu 2 The figure below shows
59. y Occasionally you will be preoccupied with other tasks and unable to concentrate on watching the sonar picture In such cases it would be a good choice to use the audio function This function enables you to monitor echoes from fish schools and seabed through the built in speaker After you become accustomed to utilizing the audio function you should be able to detect a fish school from a range longer than you can detect it on the screen 20 Procedure 1 Move the trackball mark i to the direction you want to moni tor through the speaker by operating the trackball 2 Press the R B key The bearing marker will appear in the direction of the trackball mark and echoes in that direction are monitored through the speaker Adjust the volume with the AUDIO control on the front panel To cover a certain area press the SECTOR SCAN key The bear ing marker automatically scans in 2 steps starting from the bearing set at step 2 to cover the selected sector giving you audio in the di rections of 2 steps To change the coverage area call up scan menu and then select an auto scan width with the GAIN control 10 20 40 60 To turn off the audio function erase the bearing marker by placing the trackball mark on own ship mark and then pressing the R B key Trackball Mark Bearing Marker Auto Scan Width Own Ship Mark Relocating Fish School for Easy Observation When a fish school is located near the edg
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