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Black Box Secure Device Servers Marine Safety Devices User Manual

1. 0 5 5 5 15 1 5 Deleting Configuration Values from the CU uu 5 5 5 724 746 5500 blackbox com 1 8 Backing Up the Configuration and Restoring Using a Local USB Stick 141 15 1 9 Backing Up the Configuration Off BOX ccccccesesseseceeesssseseseetesseeseeeenens 142 15 2 Advanced Portmanagel ccccccccecesssseeeeeeeee 143 15 2 1 Portmanager Commands 143 5 2 2 Extermal Scripts and Alerts ciczcaccasccetccosedsdecacctelacetetehcdsacdebesctGdelsdesstelesebsdel icacdelasashlebsses ebadadileedagilebadet dalsdadsdebededslal desutelatesctedbelentte 144 15 3 RaW Access to Seriall POMS ciena a a a a a E aE E ea mantener AAE EA AE E REER 145 15 3 1 Access to Serial Ports cceeeceeen 145 15 3 2 Accessing the Console Modem Port 145 ES ARUP EIErIN Oee onea e cect recast caves sea ceadine saseddse aca deceacotsedeasssie nacesasdsasanssce stualstnveteds tessa terausn ha ssce Nee wcisersctedsen ert sisetpesncontiieast 145 15 5 Modifying SNMP Configuration aenean sexes dussvsesshstt E E A A A a EEEE 146 15 6 Secure Shell SSH Public Key Authentication 147 15 6 1 SSH OVErVIOW ccceseccecssesesseseeeseseseeseeteees 147 15 6 2 Generating Public Keys LINUX 0 eeceeeeeeeeseeeeeeeee 147 15 6 3 Installing the SSH Public Private Keys CIUStriNG eccccccccsecsesesecesseseseseesescscseseeuescscsesesessseseeseuessscseesueassesesneusisseseeteeasseseseeeatees 148 1101
2. Terminal Keyboard Bell Features Window Appearance Behaviour Translation Basic options for your PuTTY session Specify the destination you want to connect to Host Name or IP address 192 168 252 202 Connection type Raw Telnet Rlogin SSH Serial Load save or delete a stored session Saved Sessions Selection Colours Default Settings Connection Close window on exit Always Never Only on clean exit Figure 5 6 PuTTY Configuration screen PuTTY can be downloaded at http Avww tucows com preview 195286 html SSH We recommend that you use SSH as the protocol where the User or Administrator connects to the console server or connects through the console server to the attached serial consoles over the Internet or any other public network This will provide authenticated SSH communications between the SSH client program on the remote user s computer and the console server so the user s communication with the serial device attached to the console server is secure For SSH access to the consoles on devices attached to the console server serial ports you can use SDT Connector Configure SDT Connector with the console server as a gateway then as a host and enable SSH service on Port 3000 serial port i e 3001 3002 Chapter 6 Secure Tunneling has more information on using SDT Connector for SSH access to devices that are attached to the console server serial ports You can also use common c
3. Power Management All the outlet names on the PDU will by default be Outlet 1 and Outlet 2 When you connect a particular Managed Device that draws power from the outlet then the outlet will take the name of the powered Managed Device 724 746 5500 blackbox com 39 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers 6 Secure SSH Tunneling and SDT Connector Each Black Box console server has an embedded SSH server and uses SSH tunneling so remote users can securely connect through the console server to Managed Devices using text based console tools such as SSH telnet SoL or graphical tools such VNC RDP HTTPS HTTP X11 VMware DRAC iLO The Managed Devices you access can be located on the same local network as the console server or they can be attached to the console server via a serial port The remote User Administrator connects to the console server thru an SSH tunnel via dial up wireless or ISDN modem a broadband Internet connection the enterprise VPN network or the local network Secure Remote Secure Local Management Management LES1102A d H lt Serial connected Figure 6 1 Secure network To set up the secure SSH tunnel from the client PC to the console server install and launch SSH client software on the User Administrator s PC Black Box recommends that you use the SDT Connector client software supplied with the console server SDT Connector is simple to install and auto configure and it provides
4. This fingerprint is related to the host key of the remote server Fingerprints are stored in ssh known_hosts To receive the fingerprint from the remote server log in to the client as the required user usually root and establish a connection to the remote host ssh remhost The authenticity of host remhost 192 168 0 1 can t be established RSA key fingerprint is 8d 11 e0 7e 8a 6f ad f1 94 0f 93 fc 7c e6 ef 56 Are you sure you want to continue connecting yes no At this stage answer yes to accept the key You should get the following message Warning Permanently added remhost 192 168 0 1 RSA to the list of known hosts You may be prompted for a password but there is no need to log in you have received the fingerprint and can Ctrl C to cancel the connection If the host key changes you will receive the following warning and not be allowed to connect to the remote host C OOCOE COOOCE CE OCECE CECE GEe WARNING REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED ITIS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY C OOCE COO CE CE OCOECE CECE E Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now man in the middle attack It is also possible that the RSA host key has just been changed The fingerprint for the RSA key sent by the remote host is ab 7e 33 bd 85 50 5a 43 0b e0 bd 43 3f 1 a5 78 Please contact your system Administrator Add correct host key in ssh known_hosts to get rid of this message Offendi
5. Host Name or IP address To access the console server command line select SSH as the protocol and use the default IP Port 22 Click Open and the console server login prompt will appear You may also receive a Security Alert that the host s key is not cached Choose yes to continue Using the Telnet protocol is similarly simple but you use the default port 23 Another popular communications package you can use is SSHTerm an open source package that you can download from http sourceforge net projects sshtools To use SSHTerm for an SSH terminal session from a Windows Client simply Select the File option and click on New Connection Connection Profile Host Protocol Proxy Commands Terminsi Hostname 192 168 01 A new dialog box will appear for your Connection Profile Type in the host name or IP address for the console server unit and the TCP port that the SSH session will use port 22 Then type in your username choose password authentication and click connect You may receive a message about the host key fingerprint Select yes or always to continue The next step is password authentication The system prompts you for your username and password from the remote system This logs you on to the console server Figure 4 9 Connection Profile screen 724 746 5500 blackbox com 25 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers 5 Seri
6. NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port Common name Users amp Groups The full canonical name for this device Authentication Network Hosts Organizational unit Trusted Networks avai Gann einen The group overseeing this device Cascaded Ports UPS Connections Organization RPC Connections Environmental Managed Devices Locality City The name of the organization to which the device belongs The City where the organization is located Alerts amp Logging Port Log State Province Alerts SMTP amp SMS SNMP Country AD The State or Province where The country where the organization is located System Administration Email SSL Certificates Configuration Backup Firmware Challenge Password IP Date amp Time Dial Confirm Password Services DHCP Server Nagios Key Length bits 512 Configure Dashboard An optional dependant on CA password Confirmation of the challenge password Length of generated key in bits States Generate CSR Port Access a Figure 9 5 SSL certificates screen 724 746 5500 blackbox com 91 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers Select System SSL Certificate and fill out the fields as explained below Common name This is the network name of the console server once it is installed in the network usually the fully qualified domain name It is identical to the name that is used to access the console server with a web browser without the http prefix In case the n
7. Download UltraVNC from Sourceforge s UltraVNC file list For Linux servers and clients Most Linux distributions now include VNC Servers and Viewers and they generally can be launched from the Gnome KDE etc front end for example with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 there s VNC Server software and a choice of Viewer client software and to launch Select the Remote Desktop entry in the Main Menu gt Preferences menu Click the Allow other users checkbox to allow remote users to view and control your desktop v Remote Desktop Preferences x Sharing a 7 Allow other users to view your desktop ii Z Allow other users to control your desktop Users can view your desktop using this command yncviewer hoopoe elk 0 Security When a user tries to view or control your desktop A x Ask you for confirmation Z Require the user to enter this password Password Figure 6 27 Remote Desktop Preferences screen To set up a persistent VNC server on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 e Set a password using vncpasswd e Edit etc sysconfig vncservers e Enable the service with chkconfig vncserver on Start the service with service vncserver start 724 746 5500 blackbox com 57 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers e Edit nome username vnc xstartup if you want a more advanced session than just twm and an xterm For Macintosh servers and clients OSXvnc http Avwww redstonesoftware com vnc html is a robust full featured VN
8. Serial Port Network Interface General Settings Users amp Groups AET IP Settings Network Network Hosts Trusted Networks Configuration DHCP Cascaded Ports Method UPS Connections RPC Connections Environmental IP Address Managed Devices A statically assigned IP address anism to acquire IP settings Alerts amp Logging Subnet Mask Port Log A statically assigned network mask Alerts SMTP amp SMS SNMP A statical Gateway ssigned gateway Primary DNS System Administration SSL Certificates Secondary DNS Configuration Backup Firmware A statical ssigned primary name server A statically assigned secondary name server IP Media Auto m Dae vane The Ethernet media type Dial Services Nagios Apply Figure 4 5 IP Settings screen If you selected DHCP the console server will look for configuration details from a DHCP server on your management LAN This selection automatically disables any static address The console server MAC address is printed on a label on the base plate NOTE In its factory default state with no Configuration Method selected the console server has its DHCP client enabled so it automatically accepts any network IP address assigned by a DHCP server on your network In this initial state the console server will then respond to both its Static address 192 168 0 1 and its newly assigned DHCP address By default the console server LAN port auto detects the Ethernet connection spee
9. You can redirect the syslog record to a remote Syslog Server Enter the remote Syslog Server Address and Syslog Server Port details and click Apply The console maintains a local Syslog To view the local Syslog file Select Status Syslog To make it easier to find information in the local Syslog file use the provided pattern matching filter tool Specify the Match Pattern that you want to search for for example the search for mount is shown below and click Apply The Syslog will then be represented with only those entries that actually include the specified pattern x System Name fodel LES1216A Firmware 2 8 0u2 Uptime 0 days 31m cs Current User root NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port Remote System Logging Users amp Groups Syslog Server Address Authentication Network Hosts Specify the address of the remote S Trusted Networks Cascaded Ports UPS Connections Specify which port the remote Syslog Server is serving on RPC Connections f Environmental Apply Managed Devices Syslog Server Port eee Local System Logging Port Log Match Pattern Alerts SMTP amp SMS SNMP Apply System Administration 14 gt 0ct SSL Certificates Configuration Backup Firmware IP Date amp Time Figure 12 4 Syslog specified by match pattern 12 5 Dashboard The Dashboard provides the Administrator with a summary of the status of the console server and its Managed Devices You can configure custom d
10. separator char The pattern to separate fields with default is P password id Prompt user for a value Hash the value then save it in id 724 746 5500 blackbox com 119 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers The registered configurators are alerts ipconfig auth nagios cascade power console serialconfig dhcp services dialin slave eventlog systemsettings hosts time jpaccess ups users There are three ways to delete a config element value The simplest way is use the delete node script detailed later in this chapter You can also assign the config element to or delete the entire config node using d bin contig d element name All passwords are saved in plaintext except the user passwords and the system passwords which are encrypted NOTE The config command does not verify whether the nodes edited added by the user are valid This means that any node may be added to the tree If a user runs the following command bin config s config fruit apple sweet The configurator will not complain but this command is useless When the configurators are run to turn the config xml file into live config they will simply ignore this lt fruit gt node Administrators must make sure of the spelling when typing config commands Incorrect spelling for a node will not be flagged Most configurations made to the XML file will be immediately active To make sure that a configuration changes are active especially when e
11. A password may not be required if remote authentication is being used Confirm system Re enter the users password for confirmation Administration SSL Certificates Configuration Backup Accessible Host s Firmware IP No hosts currently configured Date amp Time Dial Services DHCP Server Accessible Port s Figure 5 16 Add a new user screen Click Add User to add a new user Add a Username and a confirmed Password for each new user You may also include information related to the user for example contact details in the Description field NOTE The User Name can contain from 1 to 127 alphanumeric characters you can also use the special characters _ and 1 There are no restrictions on the characters that you can use in the user Password each can contain up to 254 characters Only the first eight Password characters are used to make the password hash Specify which Group or Groups you want the user to join Check specific Accessible Hosts and or Accessible Ports to nominate the serial ports and network connected hosts you want the user to have access privileges to If there are configured RPCs you can check Accessible RPC Outlets to specify which outlets the user is able to control that is Power On Off Click Apply The new user can now access the Network Devices Ports and RPC Outlets you nominated as accessible Plus if the user is a Group member he can also access any other device port outlet t
12. For port 5 as a UPS port config s config ports port5 mode reserved For port 5 as an RPC port config s config ports port5 mode powerman For port 5 as an Environmental port config s config ports port5 mode reserved SDT mode To enable access over SSH to a host connected to serial port 5 config s config ports port5 mode sdt 724 746 5500 blackbox com 121 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers config s config ports port5 sdt ssh on To configure a username and password when accessing this port with Username user1 and Password secret config s config ports port sdt username user1 config s config ports port sdt password secret Terminal server mode Enable a TTY login for a local terminal attached to serial port 5 config s config ports port5 mode terminal config s config ports port5 terminal vt220 vt102 vt700 linux ansi The default terminal is vt220 Serial bridge mode Create a network connection to a remote serial port via RFC 2217 on port 5 config s config ports port5 mode bridge Optional configurations for the network address of RFC 2217 server of 192 168 3 3 and TCP port used by the RFC 2217 service 2500 config s config ports port5 bridge address 192 168 3 3 config s config ports port5 bridge port 2500 To enable RFC 2217 access config s config ports port5 bridge rfc2217 on To redirect the serial bridge over an SSH tunnel to the server config s config port
13. Logging Alerts which will display all the alerts currently configured Click Add Alert 7 2 1 Add a New Alert The first step is to specify the alert service that this event will use for sending notification who to notify there and what port host device is to be monitored awe 7 System Name A cM Firmware 2 8 0 BLACK BOX ja NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port Add a New Alert Users amp Groups Authentication Network Hosts A brief description of this alerts purpose Trusted Networks Email Recipient Cascaded Ports s UPS Connections The email address or comma separated email addresses to send this alert RPC Connections to Environmental Managed Devices Description SMTP SMS Email Recipient s Sans The SMTP SMS email address or comma separated addre Alerts amp Logging alert to Port Log Alerts Jse SNMP to notify of this alert SMTP amp SMS abet mA SNMP Nagios NSCA s to send this SNMP System Administration SSL Certificates Figure 7 5 Add a new alert screen At Add a New Alert enter a Description for this new alert Nominate the email address for the Email Recipient s and or the SMS Recipient s to be notified of the alert For multiple recipients enter comma separated addresses Activate SNMP notification if an SNMP trap is to be sent for this event Activate Nagios notification to use it for this event In a SDT Nagios centrally managed environment you can check the Na
14. Sender John Black Box com Server username john Server password secret Subject line SMTP alerts config s config system smtp server mail Black Box com config s config system smtp encryption SSL can also be TLS or None config s config system smtp sender John Black Box com config s config system smtp username john config s config system smtp password secret 724 746 5500 blackbox com 131 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers config s config system smtp subject SMTP alerts To set up an SMTP SMS server with the same details as above config s config system smtp server2 mail Black Box com config s config system smtp encryption2 SSL can also be TLS or None config s config system smtp sender2 John Black Box com config s config system smtp username2 john config s config system smtp password2 secret config s config system smtp subject2 SMTP alerts The following command will synchronize the live system with the new configuration config a 14 15 SNMP To set up the SNMP agent on the device config s config system snmp protocol UDP TCP config s config system snmp trapport port number default is 162 config s config system snmp address NMS IP network address config s config system snmp commnity community name v1 and v2c only config s config system snmp engineid ID v3 only config s config system snmp username username v3 only config s confi
15. Serial amp Network Serial Port Enabled Users amp Groups Switch on the Nagios service Authentication Network Hosts Nagios Host Name Trusted Networks Name ofthis system in Nagios Generated from System Name if unspecified Cascaded Ports UPS Connections Nagios Host Address RPC Connections Address for Nagios to find this device at Defaults to Network 1 IP Environmental Managed Devices Nagios Server Address Address ofthe upstream server Alerts amp Logging Port Log Disable SDT for Alerts aes Exe Don t show sdti links in service status SMTP amp SMS SDT Gat ateway SNMP Address z H External address of this system shown in sdt links Defaults to Nagios Host Address System z Administration Por MPE SSL Certificates Configuration Backup Cirmuainn Use NRPE instead of NSCA whenever possible Defaults to prefer NSCA Figure 10 3 Nagios screen Browse the Black Box console server and select System Nagios on the console server Management Console Check Nagios service Enabled Enter the Host Name and the Nagios Host Address for example IP address that the central Nagios server will use to contact the distributed Black Box console server Enter the IP address that the distributed Black Box console server will use to contact the central Nagios server in Nagios Server Address Enter the IP address that the clients running SDT Connector will use to connect through the distributed Black Box servers in SDT Gateway
16. System Administration SSL Certificates Ch Configuration Backup 100Se which alerts to display in the dashboard Figure 12 8 Configure widgets NOTE Dashboard configuration is stored in the etc config config xml file Each configured dashboard will increase the config file If this file gets too big you can run out of memory space on the console manager 12 5 2 Creating Custom Widgets for the Dashboard To run a custom script inside a dashboard widget Create a file called Wwidget lt name gt sh in the folder etc config scripts where lt name gt can be anything You can have as many custom dashboard files as you want Inside this file you can put any code you want When configuring the dashboard choose widget lt name gt sh in the dropdown list The dashboard will run the script and display the output of the script commands directly on the screen inside the specific widget The best way to format the output would be to send HTML commands back to the browser by adding echo commands in the script echo lt table gt You can of course run any command and its output will be displayed in the widget window directly Below is an example script that writes the current date to a file and then echos HTML code back to the browser The HTML code gets an image from a specific URL and displays it in the widget bin sh date gt gt tmp test echo lt table gt echo lt tr gt lt td gt This is my custom script ru
17. Telnet client Also you could use proprietary software tools supplied by the vendor This generally runs on a remote Windows PC and you could configure the console server serial port to operate with a serial COM port redirector in the PC as detailed in Chapter 5 Similarly you can control network attached PDUs with a browser for example with SDT as detailed in Chapter 6 3 an SNMP management package or using the vendor supplied control software Servers and network attached appliances with embedded IPMI service processors or BMCs invariably have their own management tools like SoL that provide secure management when connected with SDT Connector For simplicity you can now control all these devices through one window using the Management Console s RPC remote power contro tools 8 1 1 RPC Connection Serial and network connected RPCs must first be connected to and configured to communicate with the console server For serial RPCs connect the PDU to the selected serial port on the console server From the Serial and Network Serial Port menu configure the Common Settings of that port with the RS 232 properties etc required by the PDU refer to Chapter 5 1 1 Common Settings Then select RPC as the Device Type For each network connected RPC go to Serial amp Network Network Hosts menu and configure the RPC as a connected Host by specifying it as Device Type RPC and clicking Apply refer to Section 5 4 Network Hosts lt BLACK
18. The individual Serial Ports connected to the console server to be monitored must be configured for Nagios checks See Chapter 10 for details on enabling Nagios monitoring for Hosts that are network connected to the console server To enable Nagios to monitor a device connected to the console server serial port Select Serial amp Network Serial Port and click Edit on the serial Port you want to monitor Select Enable Nagios specify the name of the device on the upstream server and determine the check you want to run on this port Serial Status monitors the handshaking lines on the serial port and Check Port monitors the data logged for the serial port 10 3 5 Configure Selected Network Hosts for Nagios Monitoring The individual Network Hosts connected to the console server that you want to monitor must also be configured for Nagios checks Select Serial amp Network Network Port and click Edit on the Network Host you want to monitor Select Enable Nagios specify the name of the device as it will appear on the upstream Nagios server Click New Check to add a specific check which will be run on this host Select Check Permitted TCP UDP to monitor a service that you have previously added as a Permitted Service Select Check TCP UDP to specify a service port that you want to monitor without allowing external SDT Connector access Select Check TCP to monitor The Nagios Check nominated as the check host alive check is the check used to
19. casing Plug in the power supply AC power cable and turn on the AC power Confirm that the console server Power LED PWA is lit NOTE When you first apply power to the LES1101A or LES1102A the Local and Serial LEDs will flash alternately The LES1102A can also be powered directly from any 9V DC to 48V DC power source by connecting the DC power lines to the IN GND and VIN screw jacks Power connector 9 to 48 VDC 1 GND Figure 3 1 Power connector 3 2 Network Connection The RJ 45 LAN ports are located on the side of the LES1101A and LES1102A units All physical connections are made using industry standard CAT5 cabling and connectors Make sure you only connect the LAN port to an Ethernet network that supports 10BASE T 100BASE T The first time you configure the console server you must connect a PC or workstation to the console server s network port 3 3 Serial Port Connection The LES1102A has two DB9 serial ports Ports 1 2 By default Port 1 is configured in Local Console modem mode The LES1101A also has one DB9 serial port that s configured by default in Local Console modem mode The serial ports are all set by default in RS 232 mode The RS 232 pinout standards for the DB9 connector are described in Table 3 1 724 746 5500 blackbox com 15 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers Table 3 1 RS 232 DB9 connector pinouts Signal CD RXD TXD DTR GND DSR RTS CTS RI Pin 1 3 3 1 Non RS 232 Ser
20. s 0 9 g CHECKTOTAL config g ROOTNODE LASTHIELDTEXT TOTAL if z CHECKTOTAL Chapter 15 Advanced Configuration then echo WARNING TOTALNODE greater than number of items fi COUNTER 1 while COUNTER TOTAL NUMBER 1 do contig g ROOTNODE LASTFIELDTEXT NUMBER COUNTER while read LINE do config s echo LINE sed e s LASTFIELDTEXT NUMBER COUNTER LASTFIELDTEXT NUMBER COUNTER 1 e s done let COUNTER done deleting last user config d ROOTNODE LASTFIELDTEXT TOTAL Modifying item total config s TOTALNODE NEWTOTAL 724 746 5500 blackbox com 139 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers echo Done exit 0 else echo error item being deleted has an index greater than total items Increase the total count variable exit 0 fi 15 1 6 Power Cycle Any Device when a Ping Request Fails The ping detect script is designed to run specified commands when a monitored host stops responding to ping requests The first parameter taken by the ping detect script is the hostname IP address of the device to ping Any other parameters are then regarded as a command to run whenever the ping to the host fails ping detect can run any number of commands Below is an example using ping detect to power cycle an RPC PDU outlet whenever a specific host fails to respond to a ping request The ping detect runs from etc config rc local to make sure that the monit
21. 0 1 7301 host display or host port Quick Options Oauto Auto select best settings Connect O ULTRA gt 2Mbit s Experimental O LAN gt IMbit s Max Colors Eee O MEDIUM 128 256Kbit s 256 Colors MODEM 19 128Kbit s 64 Colors O SLOW lt 19kKbit s 8 Colors C view Only C Auto Scaling C Use DSMPlugin No Plugin detected C Proxy Repeater Save connection settings as default Delete saved settings Figure 6 29 IP address of console server unit To establish the VNC connection simply activate the VNC Viewer software on the Viewer PC and enter the password VC Authentication O Password MIIN Figure 6 30 VNC authentication NOTE For general background reading on Remote Desktop and VNC access we recommend the following The Microsoft Remote Desktop How To http Avww microsoft comAwindowsxp using mobility getstarted remoteintro mspx The Illustrated Network Remote Desktop help page http theillustratednetwork mvps org RemoteDesktop RemoteDesktopSetupandTroubleshooting html What is Remote Desktop in Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 by Daniel Petri http Avww petri co ilAwhat s_remote_desktop htm Frequently Asked Questions about Remote Desktop http Avww microsoft com windowsxp using mobility rdfaq mspx Secure remote access of ahome network using SSH Remote Desktop and VNC for the home user http theillustratednetwork mvps org RemoteDesktop SSH RDP VNC RemoteDe
22. Cascaded Ports Last Remote Backup Never UPS Connections RPC Connections Save Backup Environmental Managed Devices Backup File Browse Alerts amp Logging Saved configuration backup file Port Log Alerts Restore Figure 11 6 Configuration backup screen With all console servers you can save the backup file remotely on your PC and you can restore configurations from remote locations Click Save Backup in the Remote Configuration Backup menu The config backup file System Name_date_config opg will be downloaded to your PC and saved in the location you nominate To restore a remote backup Click Browse in the Remote Configuration Backup menu and select the Backup File you want to restore Click Restore and click OK This will overwrite all the current configuration settings in your console server After saving a local configuration backup you may choose to use it as the alternate default configuration When the console server is reset to factory defaults it will then load your alternate default configuration instead of its factory settings To set an alternate default configuration check Load On Erase and click Apply NOTE Before selecting Load On Erase make sure that you have tested your alternate default configuration by clicking Restore If your alternate default configuration causes the console server to not boot recover your unit to factory settings using the following steps If the configuration is stored on an
23. E 7Z5C3sLF8046Go jJ SCy Opv4TjTvTK6e8QlYt GYTByUdl ssh dsa ssh rsa AAAAB3BNzaZr OV01C8gdgz XDg name client2 AAAAB3NzaC 1 yc2 Efg4 tG HIAAA name client1 authorized_keys ssh rsa AAAAB3NzaC 1yc2 Efg4 IGHI ssh dss AAAAB3NzaZr OVO01C8gdgz XDg name client2 Figure 15 2 More documentation on OpenSSH can be found at http openssh org portable htm 724 746 5500 blackbox com 149 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers http www openbsd org cgi bin man cgi query ssh amp sektion 1 http www openbsd org cgi bin man cgi query sshd 15 6 5 Generating Public Private Keys for SSH Windows This section describes how to generate and configure SSH keys using Windows First create a new user from the Black Box Management the following example uses a user called testuser making sure it is a member of the users group If you do not already have a public private key pair you can generate them now using ssh keygen PuTTYgen or a similar tool PuTTYgen Attp www chiark greenend org uk sgtatham putty download html OpenSSH htto www openssh org OpenSSH Windows http sshwindows sourceforge net download For example using PuTTYgen make sure you have a recent version of the puttygen exe available from http www chiark greenend org uk sgtatham putty download html Make sure you have a recent version of WinSCP available from http winscp net eng download php To generate a SSH key using PuTTY http sourceforge net do
24. Network Serial Port and you will see the current labels modes logging levels and RS 232 protocol options that are currently set up for each serial port By default each serial port is set in Console Server mode To reconfigure the port click Edit When you have reconfigured the common settings Chapter 5 1 1 and the mode Chapters 5 1 2 5 1 6 for each port you can set up any remote syslog Chapter 5 1 7 then click Apply NOTE If you want to set the same protocol options for multiple serial ports at once click Edit Multiple Ports and select which ports you want to configure as a group If the console server has been configured with distributed Nagios monitoring enabled then you will also be presented with Nagios Settings options to enable nominated services on the Host to be monitored refer Chapter 10 Nagios Integration 5 1 1 Common Settings There are a number of common settings that you can set for each serial port These are independent of the mode in which the port is being used Set these serial port parameters to match the serial port parameters on the device you attach to that port f System Name A BLACK BOX NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port Common Settings for Port 1 sers amp Groups se S amp Groups Label Port1 Authentication Network Hosts The serial ports unique identifier Trusted Networks Baud Rate Cascaded Ports 2 y si UPS Connections The serial ports speed RPC Connecti
25. Pattern Match Alert An alert will be triggered if a regular expression is found in the serial ports character stream UPS Power Status Alert An alert will be triggered when the UPS power status changes between on line on battery and low battery Environmental and Power An alert will be triggered atthe value s below Sensor Alert Alarm Sensor Alert An alert will be triggered when an alarm condition occurs Alert Trigger Settings Trigger set ngs are not required for this alert type Apply Alert To Applicable Port s SelectUnselect all Ports B Port1 E port 2 T Port 3 EpPort4 E pPorts P Ports B pPort7 E Ports E porto Port 10 Pot11 Epot EpPort13 Port14 potis EpPort16 The serial ports to apply this alert to Applicable No hosts are currently configured The hosts to apply this alert to Host s Figure 7 6 General alert types Serial Port Signal Alert This alert will be triggered when the specified signal changes state and applies to serial ports only You must specify the particular Signal Type DSR DCD or CTS trigger condition and the Applicable Ports s SSL Cenmncates Configuration Backup Firmware IP Date amp Time Dial Services DHCP Server Nagios Configure Dashboard Status Port Access Active Users Statistics Support Report Syslog UPS Status RPC Status Environmental Status Dashboard Manage Devices Port Logs Host Logs Power Terminal Alert Type Connection san An alert will
26. Sentry Switched CDU 8 outlets Sun Integrated Lights Out Management 1 outlets Alerts amp Logging Description WTI NetPowerSeries 8 outlets X Port Log Alerts Figure 8 3 RPC descriptions Enter the Username and Password used to login into the RPC Note that these login credentials are not related to the Users and access privileges you configured in Serial amp Networks Users amp Groups If you selected SNMP protocol enter the SNMP v1 or v2c Community for Read Write access by default this would be private Check Log Status and specify the Log Rate minutes between samples if you want the status from this RPC to be logged View these logs from the Status RPC Status screen Click Apply For SNMP PDUs the console server probes the configured RPC to confirm the RPC Type matches and reports the number of outlets it finds that can be controlled If unsuccessful it will report Unable to probe outlets and you ll need to check the RPC settings or network serial connection For serially connected RPC devices a new Managed Device with the same name as given to the RPC will be created The console server will then configure the RPC with the number of outlets specified in the selected RPC Type or will query the RPC itself for this information NOTE The Black Box console servers support most popular network and serial PDUs If your PDU is not on the default list then you can add support directly as covered in Chapter 15 Ad
27. The information is also presented graphically we System Nam M irmware 2 lt BLACK BOX Uptime 0 urs 46 urrent User r NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network SmartOnline Status Graph Serial Port Users amp Groups Authentication Network Hosts ae Trusted Networks 28 Cascaded Ports UPS Connections RPC Connections O m Environmental 82 30 Managed Devices 18 02 40 82 58 SmartOnline Log Alerts amp Logging Date Time Battery Input Load Status Temperature Frequency Port Log Charge Voltage Alerts SMTP amp SMS 20090518 212100 100 237 3 0 off 49 9 aaah 20090518 212200 100 237 3 0 off 49 9 System 20090518 212300 100 235 8 0 off 49 9 Figure 8 12 Log table 8 2 6 Overview of Network UPS Tools NUT NUT is built on a networked model with a layered scheme of drivers server and clients Configure NUT using the Management Console as described above or configure the tools and manage the UPSes directly from the command line This section provides an overview of NUT You can find full documentation at http www networkupstools org doc 84 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 8 Power Management j LES1102A Monitor log graph and client n NUT upsc client J 7 A Local NUT upsd server r NUT serial USB SNMP UPS drivers LAA ee 1ES1102A NUT upsd server UPS drivers Multiple local UPSes __ 3 Multiple remote UPSes Figure 8 13 NUT NUT is built on a networked model
28. VNC traffic is unencrypted A malicious user could snoop your VNC session There are also VNC scanning programs available which will scan a subnet looking for PCs that are listening on one of the ports that VNC uses Tunneling VNC over a SSH connection ensures all traffic is strongly encrypted No VNC port is ever open to the internet so anyone scanning for open VNC ports will not be able to find your computers When tunneling VNC over a SSH connection the only port that you re opening on your console server is the SDT port 22 Sometimes it may be prudent to tunnel VNC through SSH even when the Viewer PC and the console server are both on the same local network 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 7 Alerts and Logging 7 Alerts and Logging This chapter describes the alert generation and logging features of the console server The Alert facility monitors the serial ports all logins and the power status and sends emails SMS Nagios or SNMP alerts when specified trigger events occur First enable and configure the service that will be used to carry the alert Section 7 1 Then specify the alert trigger condition and the actual destination to which that particular alert will be sent Section 7 2 All console server models can maintain log records of all access and communications with the console server and with the attached serial devices A og of all system activity is also maintained as is a history of the status of any attached env
29. Vista and Windows Server 2003 2008 but the set up screens present slightly differently Incoming Connections Properties 2h x General Users Networking Users allowed to connect Guest Peer ppp connection port SUPPOR T_388945a0 CN Microsoft Corporation L Redmc 2 News Delete Properties Note that other factors such as a disabled user account may affect a user s abiity to connect I Always allow directly connected devices such as palmtop Computers to Connect without providing a password Figure 6 34 Users tab You need to put a check in the box for Always allow directly connected devices such as palmtop The option to Set up an advanced connection is not available in Windows 2003 if RRAS is configured If RRAS has been configured you can enable the null modem connection for the dial in configuration For earlier version Windows computers follow the steps in Section B above To get to the Make New Connection button For Windows 2000 click Start and select Settings At the Dial Up Networking Folder click Network and Dial up Connections and click Make New Connection You may need to first set up a connection over the COM port using Connect directly to another computer before proceeding to Set up an advanced connection For Windows 98 double click My Computer on the Desktop then open Dial Up Networking and double click 6 10 2 Set up SDT Serial Ports on Console Server To set up RDP and VN
30. a soft reboot and start upgrading the firmware This process will take several minutes After the firmware upgrade completes click here to return to the Management Console Your console server will have retained all its pre upgrade configuration information 11 3 Configure Date and Time We recommend that you set the local Date and Time in the console server as soon as it is configured Features like Syslog and NFS logging use the system time for time stamping log entries while certificate generation depends on a correct Timestamp to check the validity period of the certificate Wea e c Model L Firmware lt gt BLA K X e 0c 0 hours 14 mins Current User NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port Current System Time 1 10 Oct 09 Users amp Groups amp Date J 7 Authentication Network Hosts Trusted Networks Cascaded Ports Ton Zona UPS Connections Time Zone USA Eastern X RPC Connections Select your mezone Environmental ssa Sie Managed Devices ith Apply Alerts amp Logging Port Log Manual Settings Alerts Time m m SMTP amp SMS z o a SNMP Hour Minute Date m System 2005 Oly oly Administration we Month Da SSL Certificates ghar Configuration Backup ERr Firmware Apply IP Date amp Time Network Time Protocol Dial Services Enable NTP DHCP Server Enable Network Time Protocol Support Figure 11 5 Set date and time Select the System Date amp Time menu option Manually set the Year Month Day Hour
31. accessing console server serial attached devices and network attached hosts You will need to have appropriate communications software tools set up on the Administrator and User PCAworkstation Black Box provides the SDT Connector Java applet as the recommended client software tool You can use other generic tools such as PUTTY and SSHTerm These tools are all described below as well 4 5 1 SDT Connector Each console server has an unlimited number of SDT Connector licenses to use with that console server LES1102A SDT connector SSH encrypted RDP VNC Telnet tunnel HTTP client RDP VNC Telnet HTTP sessions forwarded to Network devices computers service processors appliance on the LAN Web server Database server Figure 4 7 SDT connector application SDT Connector is a lightweight tool that enables Users and Administrators to securely access the console server and the various computers network devices and appliances that may be serially or network connected to the console server SDT Connector is a Java applet that couples the trusted SSH tunneling protocol with popular access tools such as Telnet SSH HTTP HTTPS VNC and RDP to provide point and click secure remote management access to all the systems and devices being managed Information on using SDT Connector for browser access to the console server s Management Console Telnet SSH access to the console server command line and TCP UDP connecting to hos
32. address Check Prefer NRPE NRPE Enabled and NRPE Command Arguments Check NSCA Enabled choose an NSCA Encryption Method and enter and confirm an NSCA Secret Remember these details because you will need them later on For NSCA Interval enter 5 96 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 10 Nagios Integration Click Apply Next you must configure the attached Window network host and specify the services you will be checking with Nagios HTTP and HTTPS Select Network Hosts from the Serial amp Network menu and click Add Host Enter the IP Address DNS Name of the network server for example 792 768 7 70 and enter a Description for example Windows 2003 IIS Server Remove all Permitted Services This server will be accessible using Terminal Services so check TCP Port 3389 and log level 1 and click Add Remove and re add the service to enable logging Statistics Nagios Settings Support Report Syslog Enable Nagios F UPS Status Switch Nagios on for this host RPE SUD Host Name Environmental Status Dashboard Name of host in Nagios Generated using h Nagios Checks check Devices 1 Check NRPE y Use Default Args X host Delete PortLogs Check NRPE ms E i alive Host Logs Check Ping D s H HOST c COMMAND Power Check Permitted TCP es T y Check Permitted UDP erminal Cheer tke Apply Check UDP Figure 10 4 Nagios settings screen Scroll down to Nagios Settings and check Enable Nagios ick New Check and select Chec
33. all your users with point and click access to all the systems and devices in the secure network With one click SDT Connector sets up a secure SSH tunnel from the client to the selected console server then establishes a port forward connection to the target network connected host or serial connected device Next it executes the client application that it uses in communicating with the host This chapter details the basic SDT Connector operations e Configuring the console server for SSH tunneled access to network attached hosts and setting up permitted Services and user access Section 6 1 e Setting up the SDT Connector client with gateway host service and client application details and making connections between the Client PC and hosts connected to the console server Section 6 2 e Using SDT Connector to access the Management Console via a browser Section 6 3 e Using SDT Connector to Telnet or SSH connect to devices that are serially attached to the console server Section 6 4 The chapter then covers more advanced SDT Connector and SSH tunneling topics e Using SDT Connector for out of band access Section 6 5 e Automatic importing and exporting configurations Section 6 6 e Configuring Public Key Authentication Section 6 7 e Setting up a SDT Secure Tunnel for Remote Desktop Section 6 8 e Setting up a SDT Secure Tunnel for VNC Section 6 9 40 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 6 Secure SSH Tunneling and SDT Con
34. also occur when you switch OFF power from the console server and then switch the power back ON If you cycle the power and the unit is writing to flash you could corrupt or lose data so rebooting the software is the safer option A hard erase hard reset is performed by Pushing the Erase button on the rear panel twice A ball point pen or bent paper clip is a suitable tool for this procedure Do not use a graphite pencil Press the button gently twice within a couple of seconds while the unit is powered ON This will reset the console server back to its factory default settings and clear the console server s stored configuration information 106 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 11 System Management The hard erase will clear all custom settings and return the unit ppeeerymet ET TYT jx back to factory default settings i e the IP address will be reset to 192 168 0 1 EC You will be prompted to log in and must enter the default N O NS administration username and administration password Username root Password default 192 168 0 1 80 User name root Password eesse sts I Remember my password Lox J oe Figure 11 2 Hard erase 11 2 Upgrade Firmware Before upgrading make sure you are already running the most current firmware in your gateway Your console server will not allow you to upgrade to the same or an earlier version The Firmware version is displayed in each page s header
35. and 5 Supported stop bits values are 1 1 5 and 2 Supported flow control values are Hardware Software and None Additionally before any port can function properly you need to set the port mode Set any port to run in one of the five possible modes refer Chapter 5 for details Console server mode Device mode SDT mode Terminal server mode Serial bridge mode All these modes are mutually exclusive Console server mode The command to set the port in portmanager mode config s config ports port5 mode portmanager To set the following optional config elements for this mode Data accumulation period 100 ms Escape character default is log level 2 default is 0 Shell power command menu Enabled RFC2217 access Enabled Limit pot to 1 connection Enabled SSH access Enabled TCP access Enabled telnet access Disabled Unauthorized telnet access Disabled config s config ports port5 delay 100 config s config ports port5 escapechar config s config ports port5 loglevel 2 config s config ports port5 powermenu on config s config ports port5 rfc2217 on config s config ports port5 singleconn on config s config ports port5 ssh on config s config ports port5 tco on config d config ports port5 telnet config d config ports port5 unauthtel Device Mode For a device mode port set the port type to ups rpc or enviro config s config ports port5 device tyoe ups rpc enviro
36. can shut down UPS powered computers and other equipment if if the they don t have a client running for example communications and surveillance gear Set up a UPS alert and using this to trigger a script that controls a PDU to shut off the power refer to Chapter 75 8 2 4 UPS Alerts You can set UPS alerts using Alerts amp Logging Alerts refer to Chapter 7 Alerts amp Logging 8 2 5 UPS Status You can monitor the current status of your network serially or USB connected Managed UPSes and any configured Remote UPSes Select the Status UPS Status menu and a table with the summary status of all connected UPS hardware displays Click on any particular UPS System name in the table and more detailed graphical information on the selected UPS System appears 724 746 5500 blackbox com 83 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers NETWORK SERVICES SmartOnline SUINT1L000RTXL2Ua Thu May 14 02 25 13 EDT 2009 Battery Input Output Load UPS Model Status Battery Input Output Figure 8 11 UPS graph Click on any particular All Data for any UPS System in the table for more status and configuration information about the selected UPS System Select UPS Logs and you will be presented with the log table of the load battery charge level temperature and other status information from all the Managed and Monitored UPS systems This information will be logged for all UPSes that were configured with Log Status checked
37. config s config services tcp portbase port base number Default 4000 config s config services rfc22 1 7 portbase port base number Default 5000 config s config services unauthtel portbase port base number Default 6000 134 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 14 Configuration from the Command Line The following command will synchronize the live system with the new configuration config a 14 21 NAGIOS To configure NAGIOS with the following settings NAGIOS host name console at R3 Name of this system NAGIOS host address 192 168 0 1 IP to find this device at NAGIOS server address 192 168 0 10 upstream NAGIOS server Enable SDT for NAGIOS ext Enabled SDT gateway address 192 168 0 1 defaults to host address Prefer NRPE over NSCA Disabled defaults to Disabled config s config system nagios enabled on config s config system nagios name les1116 config s config system nagios address 192 168 0 1 config s config system nagios server address 192 168 0 10 config s config system nagios sdt disabled on diables SDT for nagios extensions config s config system nagios sdt address 192 168 0 1 config s config system nagios nrpe prefer To configure NRPE with following settings NRPE port 5600 port to listen on for nrpe Defualts to 5666 NRPE user user1 User to run as Defaults to nrpe NRPE group group1 Group to run as Defaults to nobody Allow command arguments Enabled config
38. connected to both ports 1 and 8 724 746 5500 blackbox com 143 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers portmanager daemon There is normally no need to stop and restart the daemon To restart the daemon normally just run the command portmanager Supported command line options are Force portmanager to run in the foreground nodaemon Set the level of debug logging loglevel debug info warn error alert Change which configuration file it uses c etc config portmanager cont Signals Sending a SIGHUP signal to the portmanager will cause it to re read its configuration file 15 2 2 External Scripts and Alerts The portmanager can execute external scripts on certain events When the portmanager opens a port It attempts to execute etc config scripts portXX init where XX is the number of the port e g 08 The script is run with STDIN and STDOUT both connected to the serial port If the script cannot be executed then portmanager will execute etc config scripts portXx chat via the chat command on the serial port When an alert occurs on a port The portmanager will attempt to execute etc config scripts portXX alert where XX is the port number for example 08 The script is run with STDIN containing the data which triggered the alert and STDOUT redirected to dev null NOT to the serial port If you want to communicate with the port use omshell or pmchat from within the script If the script cannot be executed then t
39. console servers Each of these remote console servers has an embedded OpenSSH based server that you can configure to port forward connections from the SDT Connector client to hosts on their local network as detailed in the previous chapter You can also pre configure the SDT Connector with the access tools and applications that are available to run when you ve established access to a particular host SDT Connector can connect to the console server using an alternate OoB access It can also access the console server itself and access devices connected to serial ports on the console server 6 2 1 SDT Connector installation The SDT Connector set up program SDTConnector Setup 1 n exe or sdtcon 1 n tar gz is included on the CD supplied with your Black Box console server Run the set up program spTConnector Setup Welcome to the SDTConnector Setup Wizard This wizard will guide you through the installation of sDTConnector It is recommended that you close all other applications before starting Setup This will make it possible to update relevant system files without having to reboot your computer Click Next to continue Figure 6 2 SDT connector setup window NOTE For Windows clients the SDTConnectorSetup 1 n exe application will install the SDT Connector 1 n exe and the contig file defaults xml If there is already a config file on the Windows PC then it will not be overwritten To remove an earlier config file run the rege
40. d epr eaaa aea aa aae aa depre E ieie e 67 7 1 Configure SMTP SMS SNMP Nagios Alert Service ten 07 ZA Email AlQHS osissa s 67 7 1 2 SMS Alerts 68 7 1 3 SNMP Alerts 68 7 1 4 Nagios Alerts cccceeeeees 69 7 2 Activate Alert Events and Notifications w 69 7 2 1 Add a New Alert ceeceeeeeeeeees 70 22 Contiguring General Alert Ty POS isere ee r e AAE E inr iisaavi aon eon nares 70 7 233 COMTQUNNG POWE R Alere TYPE ee vacsuras naputasindadsed aad ede cctseendaabidehd sates anh aati ict eat eae 72 7 3 Remote Log Storage s 13 7 4 Serial Port Logging ceeeeeeeeee we 13 7 5 Network TCP Or UDP Port LOGGING ssrin proa a re E i EE Oi o ree REE EOE enna RE E EEE E ARESE EEE Ea EIERN 73 S POoWwer Management nsrcnein i e een iia an ae an A ie ed ee ea aed 75 8 1 Remote Power Control RPC we 79 8 1 1 RPC Connection eects eee gt 8 1 2 RPC Access Privileges and Alerts ase TL 8 1 3 User Power Managemenrt z TT 8 1 4 RPC Status eene s 18 8 2 Uninterruptible Power Supply Control UPS 78 8 2 Managed WPS GOMMeCtiON S sasore suis notibnay enna ehea atheists aR naa ak leer 79 8 2 2 Remote UPS Mam ag ernment sicsccuces ecdsvcsserccecusveas vans vee ucancea sets aeagatas dseaiiee vous woe neta ne tapeensohs yaaa aa E e des baa eaen eee iaaea 82 8 2 3 Controlling UPS Powered Computers 83 8 2 4 UPS Alerts 0 ceeceeeceeseeeeseseeseseseseeeeeeeneeees 83 8 2 5 UPS Sta
41. determine whether the network host itself is up or down Typically this will be Check Ping although in some cases the host will be configured not to respond to pings If no check host alive check is selected the host will always be assumed to be up You may deselect check host alive by clicking Clear check host alive If required customize the selected Nagios Checks to use custom arguments Click Apply 10 3 6 Configure the Upstream Nagios Monitoring Host Refer to the Nagios documentation http Awww nagios org docs for configuring the upstream server The section entitled Distributed Monitoring steps through what you need to do to configure NSCA on the upstream server under Central Server Configuration NRPE Documentation was recently added that steps through configuring NRPE on the upstream server http nagios sourceforge net docs nrpe NRPE pdf At this stage Nagios at the upstream monitoring server is configured and individual serial port and network host connections on the console server are configured for Nagios monitoring If NSCA is enabled each selected check will be executed once over the period of the check interval If NRPE is enabled then the upstream server will be able to request status updates under its own scheduling 10 4 Advanced Distributed Monitoring Configuration 10 4 1 Sample Nagios Configuration An example configuration for Nagios is listed below It shows how to set up a remote Console server to monit
42. established for a particular serial port such as a RFC2217 redirection or Telnet connection to a remote computer then any incoming characters on that port are forwarded over the network on a character by character basis The accumulation period changes this by specifying a period of time that incoming characters will be collected before then being sent as a packet over the network Escape Character This enables you to change the character used for sending escape characters The default is Power Menu This setting enables the shell power command A user can control the power connection to a Managed Device from command line when he is connected to the device via telnet or ssh To operate the Managed Device must be set up with both its Serial port connection and Power connection configured The command to bring up the power menu is p op 192 168 252 202 PuTTY Figure 5 8 PuTTY screen Single Connection This setting limits the port to a single connection gt If multiple users have access privileges for a particular port only one user at a time can access that port that is port snooping is not permitted 5 1 3 SDT Mode This setting allows port forwarding of RDP VNC HTPP HTTPS SSH Telnet and other LAN protocols through to computers that are locally connected to the console server by their serial COM port Port forwarding requires that you set up a PPP link over this serial port 724 746 5500 blackbox com 31 1101
43. fi LASTFIELD is the last field in the node path e g user ROOTNODE is the upper level of the node e g config users NUMBER is the integer value extracted from LASTFIELD e g 1 TOTALNODE is the node name for the total e g config users total TOTAL is the value of the total number of items before deleting e g 3 NEWTOTAL is the modified total i e TOTAL 1 CHECKTOTAL checks if TOTAL is the actual total items in xml LASTHELD 1 ROOTNODE 1 NUMBER echo LASTFIELD sed s a zA Z lg TOTALNODE echo 1 sed s AT total TOTAL config g TOTALNODE sed s H 138 724 746 5500 blackbox com NEWTOTAL TOTAL 1 Make backup copy of config file cp etc config config xml etc config config bak echo backup of etc config config xml saved in etc config config bak if z NUMBER test whether a singular node is being deleted e g config sdt hosts then echo deleting 1 config d 1 echo Done exit 0 elif NUMBER TOTAL Test if only one item exists then echo only one item exists Deleting node echo Deleting 1 contig d 1 Modifying item total contig s TOTALNODE 0 echo Done exit 0 elif NUMBER It TOTAL more than one item exists then Modify the users list so user numbers are sequential by shifting the users into the gap one at a time echo Deleting 1 LASTFIELDTEXT echo LASTFIELD sed
44. gt System Name A NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port IP Address DNS Users amp Groups Name Authentication Network Hosts Trusted Networks Cascaded Ports UPS Connections RPC Connections Environmental Managed Devices The hosts IP Address or DNS name Host Name A descriptive name to identify the host Description Notes A brief description of the host Permitted Services 22 tcp ssh 0 23 tcp telnet 0 Alerts amp Logging PortLog Alerts SMTP amp SMS SNMP System Administration SSL Certificates Configuration Backup Firmware IP Date amp Time Dial Services DHCP Server Nagios Configure Dashboard Status Port Access Device Settings Device Type 80 tcp http 0 443 tcp https 0 1494 tcp ica 0 3389 tcp rdp 0 5900 tcp vnc 0 _ Remove TCP UDP Port level 0 Disabled X Add The TCP services available from this host None device type UPS RPC Figure 8 1 Select RPC connections menu Select the Serial amp Network RPC Connections menu This will display all the RPC connections that have already been configured 724 746 5500 blackbox com 75 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers Click Add RPC Connected Via presents a list of serial ports and network Host connections that you have set up with device type RPC but have yet to connect to a specific RPC device When you select Connect Via for a Network
45. gt Name or ID of the device support lt id gt lt outlet port port id 1 gt Display Port 1 in menu lt outlet gt lt outlet port port id 2 gt Display Port 2 in menu lt outlet gt lt on gt script to turn power on lt on gt lt off gt script to power off lt off gt lt cycle gt script to cycle power lt cycle gt lt status gt script to write power status to var run power status lt status gt lt speed gt baud rate lt speed gt lt charsize gt character size lt charsize gt lt stop gt stop bits lt stop gt lt parity gt parity setting lt parity gt lt powerstrip gt The id appears on the web page in the list of available device types to configure The outlets describe targets that the scripts can control For example a power control board may control several different outlets The port id is the native name for identifying the outlet This value will be passed to the scripts in the environment variable outlet allowing the script to address the correct outlet There are four possible scripts on off cycle and status When a script is run its standard input and output is redirected to the appropriate serial port The script receives the outlet and port in the outlet and port environment variables respectively The script can be anything that can be executed within the shell All of the existing scripts in etc powerstrips xm use the pmchat utility pmchat works just like the standard unix chat program only it ensures i
46. in the earlier section Next add the private part of your SSH key pair this file is typically named id_rsa or id_dsa to SDT Connector client Click Edit gt Preferences gt Private Keys gt Add locate the private key file and click OK You do not have to add the public part of your SSH key pair it is calculated using the private key SDT Connector will now use public key authentication when SSH connecting through the console server You may have to restart SDT Connector to shut down any existing tunnels that were established using password authentication If you have a host behind the console server that you connect to by clicking the SSH button in SDT Connector you can also configure it for public key authentication Essentially what you are using is SSH over SSH and the two SSH connections are entirely separate and the host configuration is entirely independent of SDT Connector and the console server You must configure the SSH client that SDT Connector launches e g Putty OpenSSH and the host s SSH server for public key authentication 15 7 Secure Sockets Layer SSL Support Secure Sockets Layer SSL is a protocol developed by Netscape for transmitting private documents via the Internet SSL works by using a private key to encrypt data that s transferred over the SSL connection The console server includes OpenSSL The OpenSSL Project is a collaborative effort to develop a robust commercial grade full featured and Open Sou
47. is serving on RFC 2217 A Enable RFC 2217 access SSH Tunnel m Redirect the serial bridge over an SSH tunnel to the server Figure 5 12 Serial bridge settings Select Serial Bridging Mode and specify the IP address of the Server console server and the TCP port address of the remote serial port for RFC2217 bridging this will be 5001 5002 By default the bridging client will use RAW TCP Select RFC2217 if this is the console server mode you have specified on the server console server Local Ethernet LAN LES1102A LES1102A Serially connected device COM port for example security connected control appliance PC Figure 5 13 Serial bridging mode application You may secure the communications over the local Ethernet by enabling SSH You will need to generate and upload keys refer to Chapter 15 Advanced Configuration 5 1 7 Syslog In addition to built in logging and monitoring which can be applied to serial attached and network attached management accesses as covered in Chapter 7 Alerts and Logging you can also configure the console server to support the remote syslog protocol on a per serial port basis Select the Syslog Facility Priority fields to enable logging of traffic on the selected serial port to a syslog server and to appropriately sort and action those logged messages that is redirect them send alert email etc Syslog Settings Syslog Facility Default v Syslog facility to use on logging messa
48. may be freely mixed in the authorized_keys file For example assume we already have one server called bridge_server and two sets of keys for the contro _room and the plant_entrance Is home suser keys control_room control_room pub plant_entrance plant_entrance pub cat homeluser keys control_room pub home user keys plant_entrance pub gt homel user keys authorized_keys_bridge_server Uploading Keys The keys for the server can be uploaded through the web interface on the System Administration page as detailed earlier If only one client will be connecting then simply upload the appropriate public key as the authorized keys file Otherwise upload the authorized keys file constructed in the previous step 724 746 5500 blackbox com 153 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers Each client will then need its own set of keys uploaded through the same page Take care to ensure that the correct type of keys DSA or RSA go in the correct spots and that the public and private keys are in the correct spot 15 6 8 SDT Connector Public Key Authentication SDT Connector can authenticate against a console servers using your SSH key pair rather than requiring you to enter your password i e public key authentication To use public key authentication with SDT Connector you must first create an RSA or DSA key pair using ssh keygen PuTTYgen or a similar tool and add the public part of your SSH key pair to the Black Box gateway as described
49. mentioned in this manual are acknowledged to be the property of the trademark owners 4 724 746 5500 blackbox com Table of Contents Table of Contents Td ESORCIIGATIONS aeaea ar EREE R ada canes RAR E ER chcasacag cites EER EAA cde AE aleasanedlas sabe dict 9 23 QVONIGW asasine ase aa dey ete apes anus ved aerian edie esa adaa ei buses Sa Se agate agen at a es ene SSL a ee oc 10 2 Mw WMOGMUCUON ict AE E EE ee eeigees EAE E E aan E a aetna eane 10 2 2 Manual Organization 10 2 3 Types of Users cece 10 2 4 Management Console 11 2 5 Hardware Description 11 2 5 1 LES1101A Front Panel w 2 5 2 LES1101A Back Panel wi li2 2 5 3 LES1102A Front Panel sols 2 5A LESTAOZA Back Panelne ari era Ee Teee eae Eere rE a aere eai ai E EEEE Erata 13 2 6 Whatslpduded sessen ne tnuccsunie munud Gnustinencun dn unGnus iee PES TEs Repre ia Tassie REE NEE REEE e 14 2 6 1 LES1101A wld PAPAN SOPA E E deeeed pesecbs pe denedibvcngsdebutgs debwecpudsqnsesucude T dudadestdabeconetel 14 SUINStANAUOM ri a a a a e a a E aA aE E e EE 15 3 1 Power Connection 15 3 2 Network Connection 15 3 3 Serial Port CONNECTION 0 es eeceseeseseesestesesteseseseeeseeneeeees 215 3 3 1 Non RS 232 Serial Port Pinouts LES1102A 16 3 3 2 Non RS 232 Serial Port Pino ts LESTIOTA secina EEE and aude ia anathema darian 17 A S em COON A O r e test carsdenigine tees steadactoenleins donde ans
50. must first set the Common Settings the protocols and the RS 232 parameters such as baud rate that will be used for the data connection to that port Select what mode the port is to operate in You can set each port to support one of five operating modes 1 Console Server Mode is the default and this enables general access to serial console port on the serially attached devices 2 Device Mode sets the serial port up to communicate with an intelligent serial controlled PDU or UPS 3 SDT Mode enables graphical console access with RDP VNC HTTPS etc to hosts that are serially connected 4 Terminal Server Mode sets the serial port to wait for an incoming terminal login session 5 Serial Bridge Mode enables transparently interconnects two serial port devices over a network 26 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 5 Serial Port Host Device and User Configuration SN System Name les1102a Model LES1102A Firmware 2 8 2u1 ba lt SBLACK BOX Uptime 0 days 7 hours 29 mins 7 secs Current User root NETWORK SERVICES ase Bisa Serial amp Network Serial Port Port Label Mode Logging Parameters Flow Control Users amp Groups Level Authentication Network Hosts Trusted Networks 2 Port2 Cascaded Ports UPS Connections RPC Connections Edit Multiple Ports Environmental Managed Devices 1 Port1 Local Console Mode 0 9600 8 N 1 None Edit 9600 8 N 1 None Edit Figure 5 2 Serial port screen Select Serial amp
51. node name you want to delete for example config users user or config sdt hosts host delete node is a general script for deleting any node you desire users groups hosts UPSes etc from the command line The script deletes the specified node and shuffles the remainder of the node values For example if we have five users configured and we use the script to delete user 3 then user 4 will become user 3 and user 5 will become user 4 This creates an obvious complication because this script does NOT check for any other dependencies that the node being deleted may have You are responsible for making sure that any references and dependencies connected to the deleted node are removed or corrected in the config xml file The script treats all nodes the same The syntax to run the script is delete node node name To remove user 3 delete node config users user3 The delete node script bin bash User must provide the node to be removed For example config users user1 Usage delete node full node path if 1 then echo Wrong number of arguments echo Usage delnode full delimited node path exit 2 fi test for spaces TEMP echo 1 sed s N if TEMP N then echo Wrong input format echo Usage delnode full delimited node path exit 2 fi testing if node exists TEMP config g config grep 71 if z TEMP then echo Node 1 not found exit O
52. on Windows 2000 XP 2003 Vista and Windows 7 PCs and on most Linux platforms You can also set up secure Telnet connections with a simple point and click To use SDT Connector to access consoles on the console server serial ports you configure SDT Connector with the console server as a gateway then configure it as a host Next you enable Telnet service on Port 2000 serial port i e 2001 2002 Refer to Chapter 6 for more details on using SDT Connector for Telnet and SSH access to devices that are attached to the console server serial ports You can also use standard communications packages like PuTTY to set a direct Telnet or SSH connection to the serial ports refer to the Note below NOTE PuTTY also supports Telnet and SSH and the procedure to set up a Telnet session is simple Enter the console server s IP address as the Host Name or IP address Select Telnet as the protocol and set the TCP port to 2000 plus the physical serial port number that is 2001 to 2002 Click the Open button You may then receive a Security Alert that the host s key is not cached Choose yes to continue You will then be presented with the login prompt of the remote system connected to the serial port chosen on the console server Login as normal and use the host serial console screen 724 746 5500 blackbox com 29 R PuTTY Configuration 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers Category Session Logging
53. ozo one Figure 2 5 LES1102A back panel Table 2 4 LES1102A back panel components Number Component Description 6 DB9 connector Port 1 RS 232 7 DB9 connector Port 2 RS 232 724 746 5500 blackbox com 13 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers 2 6 What s Included Your package should include the following items If anything is missing or damaged contact Black Box Technical Support at 724 746 5500 or info blackbox com 2 6 1 LES1101A e 1101 Secure Device Server e Universal input 12 VDC wallmount power supply e Printed Quick Start Guide e CD ROM containing this user s manual 2 6 2 LES1102A e 1101 Secure Device Server e 2 UTP cables 2 DBO F to RJ 45 S adapters e Universal input 12 VDC wallmount power supply e Printed Quick Start Guide e CD ROM containing this user s manual 14 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 3 Installation 3 Installation Make sure you have everything listed in Chapter 2 Section 2 6 for your 1101 or 1102 Secure Device Server 3 1 Power Connection The LES1101A or LES1102A models are each supplied with an external DC wall mount power supply This power supply comes with a selection of wall socket adapters for each geographic region North American Europe UK Japan or Australia and will operate with 100 240 VAC 50 60 Hz input 7 2 watts maximum Plug in the DC power cable The 12V DC connector from the power supply unit plugs into the DC power socket on the side of the console server
54. policy restart_cause poh bootdev ipmitool chassis power help chassis power Commands status on off cycle reset diag soft You will find more details on jomitools at http ipmitool sourceforge net manpage html 15 11 Custom Development Kit CDK As detailed in this manual customers can copy scripts binaries and configuration files directly to the console server Black Box also freely provides a development kit that allows changes to be made to the software in console server firmware image The customer can use the CDK to generate a firmware image without certain programs such as telnet which may be banned by company policy generate an image with new programs such as custom Nagios plug in binaries or company specific binary utilities generate an image with custom defaults for example it may be required that the console server be configured to have a specific default serial port profile which is reverted to even in event of a factory reset place configuration files into the firmware image which cannot then be modified e g bin config set tools update the configuration files in etc config which are read write whereas the files in etc are read only and cannot be modified The CDK essentially provides a snapshot of the Black Box build process taken after the programs have been compiled and copied to a temporary directory romfs just before the compressed file systems are generated You can obtain a copy of the Black Box C
55. run it successfully dos2unix etc config rc local Another scenario would be to call another custom script from the etc config rc local file making sure that your custom script will run whenever the system is booted 15 1 2 Running Custom Scripts when Alerts are Triggered Whenever an alert gets triggered specific scripts get called These scripts all reside in etc scripts Below is a list of the default scripts that run for each applicable alert For a connection alert when a user connects or disconnects from a port or network host etc scripts portmanager user alert for port connections or etc scripts sdt user alert for host connections For a signal alert when a signal on a port changes state etc scripts portmanager signal alert For a pattern match alert when a specific regular expression is found in the serial ports character stream etc scripts portmanager pattern alert For a UPS status alert when the UPS power status changes between on line on battery and low battery etc scripts ups status alert 136 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 15 Advanced Configuration For power and alarm sensor alerts power load and battery charge alerts etc scripts environmental alert For an interface failover alert etc scripts interface failover alert All of these scripts do a check to see whether you have created a custom script to run instead The code that does this check is shown below an extract from the file et
56. running system time date 092216452005 05 Format is MMDDhhmm CC YY I ss Then the following command will save this new system time to the hardware clock bin hwclock systohc Alternatively to change the hardware clock bin hwclock set date 0922 16452005 05 Format is MMDDhhmm CC YY ss Then the following command will save this new hardware clock time as the system time bin hwclock hctosys To change the timezone config s config system timezone US Eastern 724 746 5500 blackbox com 133 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers The following command will synchronize the live system with the new configuration config r time 14 19 DHCP Server To enable the DHCP server on the console management LAN with settings Default lease time 200000 seconds Maximum lease time 300000 seconds DNS server1 192 168 2 3 DNS server2 192 168 2 4 Domain name company com Default gateway 192 168 0 1 IP pool 1 start address 192 168 0 20 IP pool 1 end address 192 168 0 100 Reserved IP address 192 168 0 50 MAC to reserve IP for 00 1 67 82 72 d9 Name to identify this host John PC Issue the commands config s config interfaces lan dhcod enabled on contig s config interfaces lan dhcpd defaultlease 200000 config s config interfaces lan dhcod maxlease 300000 config s config interfaces lan dhcpd dns1 192 168 2 3 config s config interfaces lan dhcpd dns2 192 168 2 4 config s config interfaces lan dhcod domain c
57. servers on defined trigger events as detailed above They also accept SNMP requests from remote SNMP management servers and provides information on network interface running processes etc refer to Chapter 15 5 Modifying SNMP Configuration for more details 7 1 4 Nagios Alerts To notify the central Nagios server of Alerts NSCA must be enabled under System Nagios and Nagios must be enabled for each applicable host or port under Serial amp Network Network Hosts or Serial amp Network Serial Ports refer to Chapter 10 7 2 Activate Alert Events and Notifications The Alert facility monitors the status of the console server and connected devices When an alert event is triggered the Alert facility notifies a nominated email address or SMS gateway or the configured SNMP or Nagios server The data stream from nominated serial ports can be monitored for matched patterns or flow control status changes can be configured to trigger alerts as can user connections to serial ports and Hosts or power events d System Name c Model LES A Firmware 2 8 BLACK B X Uptime 0 3 hours 2 mins s Current User NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port Description Email SNMP Nagios Type Data Users amp Groups A No alerts are currently configured Authentication Network Hosts Trusted Networks Add ler Figure 7 4 Add alert button 724 746 5500 blackbox com 69 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers Select Alerts amp
58. so they will only be authorized to log in to the console server RADIUS users will be authorized each time they access a new resource Admin rights granted over AAA Users may be granted Administrator rights via networked AAA For TACACS a priv lvl of 12 or above indicates an Administrator For RADIUS Administrators are indicated via the Framed Filter ID See the example configuration files below for example Authorization via TACACS for both serial ports and host access Permission to access resources may be granted via TACACS by indicating a Black Box Appliance and a port or networked host the user may access See the example configuration files below TACACS Example user tim service raccess priv lvl 11 port les1102 port02 port2 192 168 254 145 port05 global cleartext mit RADIUS Example paul Cleartext Password luap Service Type Framed User Fall Through No Framed Filter Id group_name admin The list of groups may include any number of entries separated by a comma If the admin group is included the user will be made an Administrator If there is already a Framed Filter Id simply add the list of group_names after the existing entries including the separating colon 90 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 9 Authentication 9 3 SSL Certificate The console server uses the Secure Socket Layer SSL protocol for encrypted network traffic between itself and a connected user Wh
59. software 724 746 5500 blackbox com 63 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers R PuTTY Configuration Basic options for your PuTTY session Specify the destination you want to connect to Host Name or IP address Port 192 168 252 202 22 Connection type Raw Tenet Rogn SSH Serial Load save or delete a stored session Saved Sessions Default Settings Close window on exit Aways Never Only on clean exit moe __He Figure 6 36 PuTTY Configuration screen In the Session menu enter the IP address of the console server in the Host Name or IP address field For dial in connections this IP address will be the Local Address that you assigned to the console server when you set it up as the Dial In PPP Server For Internet or loca VPN connections connections this will be the console server s public IP address Select the SSH Protocol and the Port will be set as 22 Go to the SSH gt Tunnels menu and in Add new forwarded port enter any high unused port number for the Source port for example 54321 Set the Destination IP details If your destination device is network connected to the console server and you are connecting using RDP set the Destination as lt Managed Device IP address DNS Name gt 3389 For example if when setting up the Managed Device as Network Host on the console server you specified its IP address to be 192 168 253 1 or its DNS Name was ac
60. supports GNU bash shell script enabling the Administrator to run custom scripts This chapter presents a number of useful scripts and scripting tools including delete node which is a general script for deleting users groups hosts UPSes etc ping detect which will run specified commands when a specific host stops responding to ping requests This chapter then details how to perform advanced and custom management tasks using Black Box commands Linux commands and the open source tools embedded in the console server portmanager serial port management raw data access to the ports and modems iptables modifications and updating IP filtering rules modifying SNMP with net snmpd public key authenticated SSH communications SSL configuring HTTPS and issuing certificates using pmpower for NUT and PowerMan power device management using PMItools CDK custom development kit 15 1 Custom Scripting The console server supports GNU bash shell commands refer to the Appendix enabling the Administrator to run custom scripts 15 1 1 Custom Script to Run when Booting The etc config rc local script runs whenever the system boots By default this script file is empty You can add any commands to this file if you want them to run at boot time for example if you wanted to display hello world bin sh echo Hello World If this script has been copied from a Windows machine you may need to run the following command on the script before bash can
61. the UPS to shutdown gracefully when the battery power reaches critical There are also logging clients ups og and third party interface clients Big Sister Cacti Nagios Windows and more Refer to www networkupstools org client projects The latest release of NUT 2 4 also controls PDU systems It can do this either natively using SNMP or through a binding to Powerman open source software from Livermore Labs that also is embedded in Black Box console servers These NUT clients and servers all are embedded in each Black Box console server with a Management Console presentation layer added and they also are run remotely on distributed console servers and other remote NUT monitoring systems This layered distributed NUT architecture enables Multiple manufacturer support NUT can monitor UPS models from 79 different manufacturers and PDUs from a growing number of vendors with a unified interface Multiple architecture support NUT can manage serial and USB connected UPS models with the same common interface Network connected USB and PDU equipment can also be monitored using SNMP Multiple clients monitoring one UPS Multiple systems may monitor a single UPS using only their network connections There is a wide selection of client programs that support monitoring UPS hardware via NUT Big Sister Cacti Nagios and more 724 746 5500 blackbox com 85 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers Central management of multiple NUT ser
62. to the username With the gateway s TCP address for example 792 768 254 798 the Username for example root enter root serial 192 168 254 198 Then enter Password and select the TCP Port address for the serial port to be accessed By default 3007 is selected that is Port 1 To access Port 4 for example change this to 3004 for the Username 13 4 Power Management Administrators and Users can access and manage the connected power devices Select Manage Power 724 746 5500 blackbox com 117 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers 14 Configuration from the Command Line For those who prefer to configure their console server at the Linux command line level rather than use a browser and the Management Console this chapter describes how to use command line access and the config tool to manage the console server and configure the ports etc This config documentation in this chapter walks through command line configuration to deliver the functions provided using the Management Console GUI For advanced and custom configurations and for details using other tools and commands refer to the next chapter When displaying a command the convention used in the rest of this chapter is to use single quotes for user defined values for example descriptions and names Element values without single quotes must be typed exactly as shown After the initial section on accessing the config command the menu items in this document follow the
63. use a serial device that s connected to the remote console server as if it were connected to your local serial port 5 7 Managed Devices Managed Devices presents a consolidated view of all the connections to a device that you can access and monitor through the console server To view the connections to the devices Select Serial amp Network Managed Devices ZA N Firmware i BLACK BOX San Current User ro NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network i Serial Port Managed Devices Users amp Groups AM a nks Serial Port Network Host and power RPC and UPS connections to provide a Authentication 2 vice under management Network Hosts Trusted Networks ESAPI Device Description Notes Related Connections UPS Connections Name RPC Connections Environmental No devices currently configured Managed Devices Figure 5 20 Managed Devices screen This screen displays all the Managed Devices with their Description Notes It also lists all the configured Connections that is Serial Port if serially connected or USB if USB connected IP Address if network connected Power PDU outlet details if applicable and any UPS connections Devices such as servers will commonly have more than one power connection for example dual power supplied and more than one network connection for example for BMC service processor All Users can view but not edit these Managed Device connections by selecting Manage Devices The Administrator us
64. user7 John config s config sdt hosts host5 users total 1 total number of users having access to host To give another user called Peter access to the same host config s config sat hosts host5 users user2 Peter config s config sdt hosts host5 users total 2 total number of users having access to host To edit any of the user element values use the same approach as when adding user elements that is use the s parameter If any of the config elements do not exist they will automatically be created To delete the user called John use the delete node script delete node config users user2 The following command will synchronize the live system with the new configuration config r users 724 746 5500 blackbox com 123 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers 14 4 Adding and Removing User Groups The console server is configured with a few default user groups even though only two of these groups are visible in the Management Console GUI To find out how many groups are already present config g config groups total Assume this value is six Make sure you number any new groups you create from seven and up To add a custom group to the configuration with Group name Group7 Group description MyGroup and Port access 1 5 you d issue the commands config s config groups group7 name Group7 contig s config groups group7 description MyGroup config s config groups total 7 config s config gr
65. var run inetd pid The HTTPS server should be accessible from a web client at a URL similar to this httos lt common name of unit gt More detailed documentation about the openss utility can be found at the website http www openssl org 15 9 Power Strip Control The console server supports a growing list of remote power control devices RPCs that you can configure using the Management Console These RPCs are controlled using the open source PowerMan and Network UPS Tools and with Black Box s pmpower utility 15 9 1 The PowerMan Tool PowerMan provides power management in a data center or compute cluster environment It performs operations such as power on power off and power cycle via remote power controller RPC devices Synopsis powerman option targets pm option targets 724 746 5500 blackbox com 155 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers Options 1 on Power ON targets 0 off Power OFF targets G cycle Power cycle targets r reset Assert hardware reset for targets if implemented by RPC f flash Turn beacon ON for targets if implemented by RPC u unflash Turn beacon OFF for targets if implemented by RPC l list List available targets If possible output will be compressed into a host range see TARGET SPECIFICATION below q query Query plug status of targets If none specified query all targets Status is not cached each time this option is used powermand queries t
66. which Services to use to access the new host A range of service options are pre configured in the default SDT Connector client RDP VNC HTTP HTTPS Dell RAC VMware etc If you want to add new services to the range then proceed to the next section Adding a new service then return here Or enter a Descriptive Name for the host to display instead of the IP or DNS address and any Notes or a Description of this host such as its operating systern release or anything special about its configuration Click OK 6 2 6 Manually Adding New Services to the New Hosts To extend the range of services that you can use when accessing hosts with SDT Connector Select Edit Preferences and click the Services tab Click Add Enter a Service Name and click Add Under the General tab enter the TCP Port that this service runs on for example 80 for HTTP Or select the client to use to access the local endpoint of the redirection amp SDTConnector SDTConnector Preferences HTTPS browser Telnet client SOL Telnet client HTTP browser RSA II IBM Director console SSH client HyperTerminal VNC viewer VMWare Server console Remove Figure 6 10 Clients 724 746 5500 blackbox com 45 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers Select which Client application is associated with the new service A range of client application options are pre configured in the default SDT Co
67. with a layered scheme of drivers server and clients The driver programs talk directly to the UPS equipment and run on the same host as the NUT network server upsd Drivers are provided for a wide assortment of equipment from most of the popular UPS vendors and understand the specific language of each UPS They communicate with serial USB and SNMP network connected UPS hardware and map the communications back to a compatibility layer This means both an expensive smart protocol UPS and a simple power strip model can be handled transparently The NUT network server program upsd is responsible for passing status data from the drivers to the client programs via the network upsd can cache the status from multiple UPSes and then serve this status data to many clients upsd also contains access control features to limit the abilities of the clients only authorized hosts may monitor or control the UPS hardware There are a number of NUT clients that connect to upsd to check on the status of the UPS hardware and do things based on the status These clients can run on the same host as the NUT server or they can communicate with the NUT server over the network enabling them to monitor any UPS anywhere The upsc client provides a quick way to poll the status of a UPS server Use it inside shell scripts and other programs that need UPS data but don t want to include the full interface The upsmon client enables servers that draw power through
68. 0 23 to start a continuous ping to the new IP Address e Turn on the console server and wait for it to configure itself with the new IP address It will start replying to the ping at this point e Type arp d to flush the ARP cache again 4 1 2 Browser connection Activate your preferred browser on the connected PC workstation and enter https 192 168 0 1 The Management Console supports all current versions of the popular browsers Internet Explorer Mozilla Firefox Chrome and more 724 746 5500 blackbox com 19 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers Connect to 1 8 0 1 2 x You will be prompted to log in Enter the default administration E username and administration password A a Username root 192 168 0 1 80 Password default User name E root Password EITTIE I Remember my password Lo ae Figure 4 2 Login screen NOTE Console servers are factory configured with HTTPS access enabled and HTTP access disabled e System Na M Firmware gt BLACK ste 4 Uptime Current User NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port Users amp Groups Authentication Network Hosts Trusted Networks ting a step by g owing the the logo in the to eft corner of the Cascaded Ports 1 Change the default administration password on the System Administration page UPS Connections 2 Configure the local network settings on the System IP page RPC Connections 3 Configure serial ports s
69. 000020 109840301 replacing 800000020109840301 with the engine ID 146 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 15 Advanced Configuration To set the Username field SNMP version 3 only contig set config system snmp username2 yourusername replacing yourusername with the username config system snmp usernamez2 3 only To set the Engine ID field SNMP version 3 only config set config system snmp password2 yourpassword replacing yourpassword with the password Once the fields are set apply the configuration with the following command config run snmp You can add a third or more SNMP servers by incrementing the 2 in the above commands for example config system snmp protocol3 config system snmp address3 etc 15 6 Secure Shell SSH Public Key Authentication This section covers how to generate public and private keys in a Linux and Windows environment and configure SSH for public key authentication The steps to use in a Clustering environment are e Generate a new public and private key pair e Upload the keys to the Master and to each Slave console server e Fingerprint each connection to validate 15 6 1 SSH Overview Popular TCP IP applications such as telnet rlogin ftp and others transmit their passwords unencrypted Doing this across pubic networks like the Internet can have catastrophic consequences It leaves the door open for eavesdropping connection hijacking and other network level attacks Secure Shell S
70. 03 ibrary DepKit d4fe8248 eecd 49e4 88f6 9e304f97 fefc mspx http Avww cisco com en US tech tk59 technologies_tech_note09186a00800945cc shtml http Awww freeradius org 9 1 4 LDAP Authentication Perform the following procedure to configure the LDAP authentication method to use whenever the console server or any of its serial ports or hosts is accessed Select Serial and Network Authentication and check LDAP or LocalLDAP or LDAPLocal or LDAPDownLocal LDAP Server Address Comma separated list of remote servers Server Password The shared secret allowing access to the authentication server Confirm Password Re enter the above password for confirmation LDAP Base DN The distinguished name of the search base For example dc my company dc com LDAP Bind DN The distinguished name to bind to the server with The default is to bind anonymous Apply Figure 9 4 LDAP screen Enter the Server Address IP or host name of the remote Authentication server Multiple remote servers may be specified in a comma separated list Each server is tried in succession Enter the Server Password NOTE To interact with LDAP requires that the user account exist on our console server to work with the remote server You can t just create the user on your LDAP server and not tell the console server about it You need to add the user account Click Apply LDAP remote authentication will now be used for all user access to console server and serially or net
71. 1101A 1 DB9 RS 232 serial 1 RJ 45 10 100BASE T Ethernet LES1102A 2 DB9 RS 232 serial 1 RJ 45 10 100BASE T Ethernet Indicators LES1101A 4 LEDs Power Activity On RJ 45 Connectivity Activity LES1102A 5 LEDs Power Serial 1 Serial 2 On RJ 45 Connectivity Activity Temperature Tolerance Operating 41 to 122 F 5 to 50 C Storage 20 to 140 F 30 to 60 C Humidity Tolerance 5 to 90 Power 1 12 VDC universal input external wallmount power supply 100 240 VAC 50 60 Hz Size LES1101A 4 H x 1 75 W x 1 D 10 2 x 4 5 x 2 5 cm LES1102A 3 9 H x2 8 W x 1 D 10 x 7 2 x2 5 cm Weight LES1101A 0 25 lb 0 11 kg LES1102A 1 Ib 0 45 kg 724 746 5500 blackbox com 9 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers 2 Overview 2 1 Introduction This User s Manual walks you through installing and configuring your Black Box Secure Device Servers LES1101A or LES1102A Each of these products is referred to generically in this manual as a console server Once configured you will be able to use your console server to securely monitor access and control the computers networking devices telecommunications equipment power supplies and operating environments in your data room or communications centers This manual guides you in managing this infrastructure locally across your operations or management LAN or through the local serial console port and remotely across the Internet or private network 2
72. 2 Manual Organization This manual contains the following chapters e Chapter 1 Specifications Lists the general specifications for the console servers e Chapter 2 Overview An overview of the features of console server and information on this manual e Chapter 3 Installation Physical installation of the console server and how to interconnect controlled devices e Chapter 4 System Configuration Describes the initial installation and configuration using the Management Console Covers configuration of the console server on the network and the services that will be supported e Chapter 5 Serial Port and Network Host Covers configuring serial ports and connected network hosts and setting up Users and Groups e Chapter 6 Secure Tunneling SDT Covers secure remote access using SSH and configuring for RDP VNC HTTP HTTPS etc access to network and serially connected devices e Chapter 7 Alerts and Logging Explains how to set up local and remote event data logs and how to trigger SNMP and email alerts e Chapter 8 Power Management Describes how to manage USB serial and network attached power strips and UPS supplies including Network UPS Tool NUT operation and IPMI power control e Chapter 9 Authentication Access to the console server requires usernames and passwords that are locally or externally authenticated e Chapter 10 Nagios Integration Describes how to set Nagios central management with SDT extensions and configure t
73. 46 5500 blackbox com Chapter 8 Power Management we System Name A Firmware BLA K X Uptime 0 0 Current User ro NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port Add Managed UPS Users amp Groups Connected Via Serial Port 3 Port3 v The UPS may cted via USB serial or network HTTP HTTPS or SNMP Authentication Network Hosts Trusted Networks Cascaded Ports UPS Name UPS Connections RPC Connections Environmental Managed Devices Description The name ofthis UPS Alerts amp Logging Port Log Alerts Username SMTP amp SMS SNMP Allow slaves Password An optional description connect using this username System Administration SSL Certificates Confirm Configuration Backup Firmware IP On Critical Date amp Time Foni Dial S Services Run until failure DHCP Server The action to take when battery power becomes critical for this UPS Nagios Configure Dashboard Allow slav onnect using this password Re enter the password st down this UPS onl wn all M Shutdown Order 0 Status Port Access Active Users Driver Statistics genericups X Support Report The driver for this UPS model see the hardware compatibility list for er shut down Defa syslog details UPS Status Driver Options 7 RPC Status oo ial taal Environmental Status Dashboard lem Option Log Status Manage Devices Port Logs Log Rate 5 Host Logs Power Terminal Periodically log UPS
74. A add ons NSCA is required to use the alerting features of the Black Box distributed hosts installing both NRPE and NSCA is recommended You will also require a web server such as Apache to display the Nagios web UI and this may be installed automatically depending on the Nagios packages Or you may wish to download the Nagios source code directly from the Nagios website and build and install the software from scratch The Nagios website http Awww nagios org has several Quick Start Guides that walk through this process Once you are able to browse to your Nagios server and see its web UI and the local services it monitors by default you are ready to continue 10 2 2 Setup Distributed Console Servers This section provides a brief walkthrough on configuring a single console server to monitor the status of one attached network host a Windows IIS server running HTTP and HTTPS services and one serially attached device the console port of a network router and to send alerts back to the Nagios server when an Administrator connects to the router or server This walkthrough provides an example but details of the configuration options are described in the next section This walkthrough also assumes the network host and serial devices are already physically connected to the console server The first step is to set up the Nagios features on the console server ad System Name Firmware X Uptime 0 d Current User NETWORK SERVICES
75. ACACS password and will have access to ports 1 through 4 If TACACS is down he will need to use his local password and will only be able to access ports 1 and 2 724 746 5500 blackbox com 89 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers Example 2 User Ben is only defined on the TACACS server which says he has access to ports 5 and 6 When he attempts to log in a new user will be created for him and he will be able to access ports 5 and 6 If the TACACS server is down he will have no access Example 3 User Paul is defined on a RADIUS server only He has access to all serial ports and network hosts Example 4 User Don is locally defined on an appliance using RADIUS for AAA Even if Don is also defined on the RADIUS server he will only have access to those serial ports and network hosts he has been authorized to use on the appliance If a no local AAA option is selected then root will still be authenticated locally You can add remote users to the admin group via either RADIUS or TACACS Users may have a set of authorizations set on the remote TACACS server Users automatically added by RADIUS will have authorization for all resources whereas those added locally will still need their authorizations specified LDAP has not been modified and will still need locally defined users 9 2 PAM Pluggable Authentication Modules The console server supports RADIUS TACACS and LDAP for two factor authentication via PAM Pluggable Authenticat
76. Authentication and Devices Port Logs Host Logs Server Password a The shared secret allowing access to the authentication server Terminal Confirm Password Re enter the above password for confirmation Figure 9 3 RADIUS screen Enter the Server Address IP or host name of the remote Authentication Authorization server Multiple remote servers may be specified in a comma separated list Each server is tried in succession In addition to multiple remote servers you can also enter separate lists of Authentication Authorization servers and Accounting servers If no Accounting servers are specified the Authentication Authorization servers are used instead Enter the Server Password Click Apply RADIUS remote authentication will now be used for all user access to console server and serially or network attached devices 88 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 9 Authentication RADIUS The Remote Authentication Dial In User Service RADIUS protocol was developed by Livingston Enterprises as an access server authentication and accounting protocol The RADIUS server can support a variety of methods to authenticate a user When it is provided with the username and original password given by the user it can support PPP PAP or CHAP UNIX login and other authentication mechanisms You can find further information on configuring remote RADIUS servers at the following sites http Awww microsoft com technet prodtechnol windowsserver20
77. C forwarding on the console server Serial Port that is connected to the Windows computer COM port Select the Serial amp Network Serial Port menu option and click Edit for the particular Serial Port that is connected to the Windows computer COM port On the SDT Settings menu select SDT Mode this will enable port forwarding and SSH tunneling and enter a Username and User Password 62 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 6 Secure SSH Tunneling and SDT Connector SDT Settings SDT Mode Enable access over SSH to a host connected to this serial port Username The login name for PPP The default is port04 User Password The login secret for PPP The default is port0 Confirm Password Re type the password for confirmation Figure 6 35 SDT settings screen NOTE When you enable SDT it will override all other Configuration protocols on that port NOTE If you leave the Username and User Password fields blank they default to portXX and portXX where XX is the serial port number The default username and password for Secure RDP over Port 2 is port02 Make sure the console server Common Settings Baud Rate Flow Control are the same as those set up on the Windows computer COM port and click Apply RDP and VNC forwarding over serial ports is enabled on a Port basis You can add Users who can have access to these ports or reconfigure User profiles by selecting Serial amp Network User amp Groups menu tag as described earli
78. C server for Mac OS X that allows any VNC client to remotely view and or control the Mac OS X machine OSXvnc is supported by Redstone Software Most other operating systems Solaris HPUX PalmOS etc either come with VNC bundled or have third party VNC software that you can download 6 9 2 Install Configure and Connect the VNC Viewer VNC is truly platform independent so a VNC Viewer on any operating system can connect to a VNC Server on any other operating system There are Viewers and Servers from a wide selection of sources for example UltraVNC TightVNC or RealVNC for most operating systems There are also a wealth of Java viewers available so that any desktop can be viewed with any Java capable browser http en wikipedia org wiki VNC lists many of the VNC Viewers sources Install the VNC Viewer software and set it up for the appropriate speed connection NOTE To make VNC faster when you set up the Viewer Set encoding to ZRLE if you have a fast enough CPU Decrease color level e g 64 bit Disable the background transmission on the Server or use a plain wallpaper Refer to http doc uvnc com for detailed configuration instructions To establish the VNC connection first configure the VNC Viewer entering the VNC Server IP address When the Viewer PC is connected to the console server thru an SSH tunnel over the public Internet or a dial in connection or private network connection enter localhost or 127 0 0 1 as the
79. CPU load from the upstream Nagios monitoring machine This is especially valuable if you are monitoring hundreds or thousands of hosts To enable NRPE Select System Nagios and check NRPE Enabled Enter the details for the user connection to the upstream Nagios monitoring server and again refer to the sample Nagios configuration example below for details about how to configure specific NRPE checks By default the console server will accept a connection between the upstream Nagios monitoring server and the NRPE server with SSL encryption without SSL or tunneled through SSH The security for the connection is configured at the Nagios server 10 3 3 Enable NSCA Monitoring Tunneled SSH LES1102A send_ncsa Program script SSS8S85s Ssssssss i ESE Nagios monitoring host Remote Console server Remote managed devices Figure 10 6 NCSA monitoring structure NSCA is the mechanism that allows you to send passive check results from the remote console server to the Nagios daemon running on the monitoring server To enable NSCA Select System Nagios and check NSCA Enabled Select the Encryption to be used from the drop down menu then enter a Secret password and specify a check Interval 724 746 5500 blackbox com 99 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers Refer to the sample Nagios configuration section below for some examples of configuring specific NSCA checks 10 3 4 Configure Selected Serial Ports for Nagios Monitoring
80. DK for the particular appliance you are working with from Black Box NOTE The CDK is free 15 12 Scripts for Managing Slaves When the console servers are cascaded the Master is in control of the serial ports on the Slaves and the Master s Management Console provides a consolidated view of the settings for its own and all the Slave s serial ports The Master does not provide a fully consolidated view for example Status Active Users only displays those users active on the Master s ports and you will need to write a custom bash script that parses the port logs if you want to find out who s logged in to cascaded serial ports from the master You will probably also want to enable remote or USB logging because local logs only buffer 8K of data and don t persist between reboots This script would for example parse each port log file line by linee Each time it sees LOGIN username it adds username to the list of connected users for that port Each time it sees LOGOUT username it removes it from the list The list can then be nicely formatted and displayed You can run the script on the remote log server To enable log storage and connection logging Select Alerts amp Logging Port Log Configure log storage Select Serial amp Network Serial Port Edit the serial port s Under Console server select Logging Level 7 and click Apply There s a useful tutorial on creating a bash script CGI at http www yolinux com TUTO
81. Distribution Units IPDUs to remotely control the power supply to the managed devices Network checks over Ethernet Serial checks over RS 232 Power monitoring and manipulaton via IPDU al Console Hosts server Figure 10 7 Using Nagios in a local office Remote site In this scenario configure the console server NRPE server or NSCA client to actively check configured services and upload the checks to the Nagios server that s waiting passively You can also configure it to service NRPE commands to perform checks on demand In this situation the console server will perform checks based on both serial and network access Network checks over Internet Serial checks over RS 232 Results updated to Nagios via NSCA Firewall Outgoing connections only Modem Console server Figure 10 8 Using Nagios in a remote site 104 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 10 Nagios Integration Remote site with restrictive firewall In this scenario the role of the console server will vary One aspect may be to upload check results through NSCA Another may be to provide an SSH tunnel to allow the Nagios server to run NRPE commands SSH travel initiated for remote site NRPE server at branch server s request Console server Figure 10 9 Using Nagios in a remote site with a restrictive firewall Remote site with no network access In this scenario the console server allows dial in access for the Nagi
82. Domain Name you can use the following steps to replace the default SSL Certificate and Private Key with ones tailored for your new address 15 8 1 Generating an Encryption Key To create a 1024 bit RSA key with a password issue the following command on the command line of a linux host with the openssl utility installed openssl genrsa des3 out ssl_key pem 1024 15 8 2 Generating a Self Signed Certificate with OpenSSL This example shows how to use OpenSSL to create a self signed certificate OpenSSL is available for most Linux distributions via the default package management mechanism Windows users can check http www openssl org related binaries html 154 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 15 Advanced Configuration To create a 1024 bit RSA key and a self signed certificate issue the following openssl command from the host you have openssl installed on openssl req x509 nodes days 1000 newkey rsa 1024 keyout ssl_key pem out ss _cert pem You will be prompted to enter a lot of information Most of it doesn t matter but the Common Name should be the domain name of your computer for example test Black Box com When you have entered everything the certificate will be created in a file called ss _cert pem 15 8 3 Installing the Key and Certificate We recommend that you use an SCP Secure Copying Protocol client to copy files securely to the console server unit The scp utility is distributed with OpenSSH for most Unix d
83. ERE EES EEE EEA EN EEA EEEE EEE EESE ESEESE EEEE 52 724 746 5500 blackbox com 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers 6 7 SDT Connector Public Key Authentication 0 2 eceecessececsesessesecsesecsesecsesecsesecsesecsesecsesaesncaesesaeesaceceacsesecensacensaeeesassesecensaceesaseesesensatensanensanetess 52 6 8 Setting Up SDT for Remote Desktop ACCESS cccecccccssseseseessseseeeessseseseeessscseseetessacseeeesees wu DS 6 8 1 Enable Remote Desktop on the Target Windows Computer to be Accessed we 53 6 8 2 Configure the Remote Desktop Connection Client ceccceceeeeeseeeeteteteeeees as D4 6 9 SDT SSH Tunnel for VNC oo eceececeseceseeseseseeeeeeseseseetesseeseeeesees 56 6 9 1 Install and Configure the VNC Server on the Computer to be Accessed 56 6 9 2 Install Configure and Connect the VNC Viewer cccecceeeeeeeeeeteteeeees 58 6 10 Using SDT to Connect to Hosts that are Serially Attached to the Gateway ceeeeee z 59 6 10 1 Establish a PPP Connection between the Host COM Port and the Console Server cccccscecscesssseseeteessseseetesesesteessseseeneneatees 60 6 1 0 2 Setup SDT Serial Ports on the Console Servers ccssses cccsecaxccsscessecrdinsostsaceoest EE aaae aSa E EEREN 6 10 3 Setup SDT Connector to SSH Port Forward over the Console Server Serial Port 6 10 4 SSH Tunneling Using Other SSH Clients for example PUTTY ZANlerts and bogging e e e i a a eeta
84. H gateway Make sure the SSH gateway allows public key authentication this is typically the default behavior If you do not already have a public private key pair for your client PC the one running SDT Connector generate them now using ssh keygen PuTTYgen or a similar tool You may use RSA or DSA however leave the passphrase field blank PuTTYgen http Avww chiark greenend org uk sgtatham putty download html OpenSSH http Avww openssh org OpenSSH Windows http sshwindows sourceforge net download Upload the public part of your SSH key pair this file is typically named id_rsa pub or id_dsa pub to the SSH gateway or otherwise add to ssh authorized keys in your home directory on the SSH gateway Next add the private part of your SSH key pair this file is typically named id_rsa or id_dsa to SDT Connector Click Edit gt Preferences gt Private Keys gt Add locate the private key file and click OK You do not have to add the public part of your SSH key pair the private key calculates it 52 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 6 Secure SSH Tunneling and SDT Connector SDT Connector will now use public key authentication when connecting through the SSH gateway console server You may have to restart SDT Connector to shut down any existing tunnels that were established using password authentication If you have a host behind the console server that you connect to by clicking the SSH button in SDT Connector you may
85. IP VNC Server IP address and the source port you entered when setting SSH tunneling port forwarding in Section 6 2 6 for example 1234 uit SYNC Win32 Viewer 1 0 1 Release VNC Server IAAD host display or host port Quick Options O auto Auto select best settings O ULTRA gt 2Mbit s Experimental LAN gt Mbit s Max Colors O MEDIUM 128 256Kbit s 256 Colors OMODEM 19 128Kbit s 64 Colors O slow lt 19kKbit s 8 Colors View Only 7 Auto Scaling C Use DSMPlugin No Plugin detected v C Proxy Repeater Save connection settings as default Delete saved settings Figure 6 28 VNC server When the Viewer PC is connected directly to the console server that is locally or remotely through a VPN or dial in connection and the VNC Host computer is serially connected to the console server enter the IP address of the console server unit with the TCP port that the SDT tunnel will use The TCP port will be 7900 plus the physical serial port number that is 7901 to 7902 so all traffic directed to port 79xx on the console server is tunneled thru to port 5900 on the PPP connection on serial Port xx For a Windows Viewer PC using UltraVNC connecting to a VNC Server attached to Port 1 on a console server it is located at 192 168 0 1 58 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 6 Secure SSH Tunneling and SDT Connector UltraVNC Win32 Viewer 1 0 1 Release VNC Server 192 168
86. IP address and enter the following details IP address 192 168 0 100 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 If you want to retain your existing IP settings for this network connection click Advanced and Add the above as a secondary IP connection If it is not convenient to change your PC workstation network address you can use the ARP Ping command to reset the console server IP address To do this from a Windows PC Click Start gt Run or select All Programs then Accessories then Run e Type cmd and click OK to bring up the command line e Type arp d to flush the ARP cache e Type arp a to view the current ARP cache this should be empty 18 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 4 System Configuration Type the name of a program folder document or Internet resource and Windows will open it for you a Care Came Figure 4 1 Run screen Now add a static entry to the ARP table and ping the console server to assign the IP address to the console server In the example below a console server has a MAC Address 00 13 C6 00 02 0F designated on the label on the bottom of the unit and we are setting its IP address to 192 168 100 23 Also the PCAworkstation issuing the arp command must be on the same network segment as the console server that is have an IP address of 192 168 100 xxx e Type arp s 192 168 100 23 00 13 C6 00 02 0F Note for UNIX the syntax is arp s 192 168 100 23 00 13 C6 00 02 0F e Type ping t 192 18 10
87. In Computer enter the appropriate IP Address and Port Number Where there is a direct local or enterprise VPN connection enter the IP Address of the console server and the Port Number of the SDT Secure Tunnel for the console server serial port that you attach to the Windows computer you want to control For example if the Windows computer is connected to serial Port 2 on a console server located at 192 168 0 50 then you would enter 192 168 0 50 7302 Where there is an SSH tunnel over a dial up PPP connection or over a public internet connection or private network connection simply enter the localhost as the IP address 127 0 0 1 For Port Number enter the source port you created when setting SSH tunneling port forwarding in Section 6 1 for example 1234 Click Option In the Display section specify an appropriate color depth for example for a modem connection we recommend that you not use over 256 colors In Local Resources specify the peripherals on the remote Windows computer that are to be controlled printer serial port etc Remote Desktop Connection General Display Local Resources Programs Experience Logon settings Type the name of the computer or choose a computer from the drop down list Computer 127 0 0 1 1234 MS Bob Save my password Connection settings Save current settings or open saved connection Figure 6 25 Remote Desktop Connection General tab Click C
88. Logging Server Path Mid The director Alerts SMTP amp SMS Username SNMP where to store log in The login name required for remote server System Password Administration SSL Certificates Configuration Backup Confirm Firmware IP Date amp Time Syslog Facility Daemon z pia The facility field to include in syslog messages Services DHCP Server Syslog Priority Info Nagios The priority field to include in syslog Panfinuen Dachhaard The secret required to access the remote server Re type the above t for confirmation Figure 7 11 Remote log storage 7 4 Serial Port Logging In Console Server mode activity logs of all serial port activity can be maintained These records are stored on an off server or in the Advanced Console Server flash memory To specify which serial ports have activities recorded and to what level data is to be logged Select Serial amp Network Serial Port and Edit the port to be logged Specify the Logging Level of for each port as LevelO Turns off logging for the selected port Level 1 Logs all connection events to the port Level 2 Logs all data transferred to and from the port all changes in hardware flow control status and all User connection events Click Apply NOTE A cache of the most recent 8K of logged data per serial port is maintained locally in addition to the Logs that are transmitted for remote USB flash storage To view the local cache of logged serial port data sel
89. Low Critical Power Battery Charge Terminal en the sensor Set Point High High Warning High Critical Hysteresis Apply Alert To Applicable UPS es Applicable RPC s Figure 7 9 Power alert Select Power Alert to activate Specify which Sensor Type to alert on Power Load and Battery Charge Set the levels at which Critical and or Warning alerts are to be sent You can also specify High and or Low Set Points for sending alerts and the Hysteresis to be applied before resetting the alerts NOTE Specify the Set Point values in amps current for power load and percentage for battery charge Specify the applicable UPSes RPCs and RPC outlets to Apply Alert To 72 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 7 Alerts and Logging 7 3 Remote Log Storage Before activating Serial or Network Port Logging on any port or UPS logging you must specify where those logs are to be saved Select the Alerts amp Logging Port Log menu option and specify the Server Type to use and the details to enable log server access Haw System Name Model LES1216A Firmware 2 8 0u2 lt gt BLACK BOX os ae Current User root NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port Remote Log Storage Users amp Groups Server Type Authentication Network Hosts Trusted Networks Cascaded Ports UPS Connections RPC Connections Environmental Server Address Managed Devices The remote Storage Server address Alerts amp
90. May 2010 gt LES1101A lt gt BLACK BOX eee NETWORK SERVICES Customer Order toll free in the U S Call 877 877 BBOX outside U S call 724 746 5500 e Support FREE technical support 24 hours a day 7 days a week Call 724 746 5500 or fax 724 746 0746 e Information Mailing address Black Box Corporation 1000 Park Drive Lawrence PA 15055 1018 e Web site www blackbox com E mail info blackbox com 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers Federal Communications Commission and Industry Canada Radio Frequency Interference Statements This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used properly that is in strict accordance with the manufacturer s instructions may cause interference to radio communication It has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A computing device in accordance with the specifications in Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC rules which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference in which case the user at his own expense will be required to take whatever measures may be necessary to correct the interference Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user s authority to operate the equipment This digital apparatus does not excee
91. Nagios central server this will be generated from local System Name entered in System Administration if unspecified In Nagios Host Address enter the IP address or DNS name that the upstream Nagios server will use to reach the console server if unspecified this will default to the first network port s IP Network 1 as entered in System IP In Nagios Server Address enter the IP address or DNS name that the console server will use to reach the upstream Nagios monitoring server Check the Disable SDT Nagios Extensions option if you want to disable the SDT Connector integration with your Nagios server at the head end this would only be checked if you want to run a vanilla Nagios monitoring If not enter the IP address or DNS name that the SDT Nagios clients will use to reach the console server in SDT Gateway Address When NRPE and NSCA are both enabled NSCA is preferred method for communicating with the upstream Nagios server check Prefer NRPE to use NRPE whenever possible that is for all communication except for alerts 98 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 10 Nagios Integration 10 3 2 Enable NRPE Monitoring ga wn L o Nagios monitoring host Remote Console server Remote managed devices Figure 10 5 NRPE monitoring structure Enabling NRPE allows you to execute plug ins such as check_tcp and check_ping on the remote Console server to monitor serial or network attached remote servers This will offload
92. Open Port Check tool from http Avww canyouseeme org to check if port forwarding through local firewall NAT router devices has been properly configured Enter the Username and Password of a user on the gateway that is enabled to connect via SSH and or create SSH port redirections 42 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 6 Secure SSH Tunneling and SDT Connector 75 New SDT Gateway Out Of Band Remote UDP Gateway Gateway Address Port 22 Gateway Username Gateway Password Descriptive Name Description Notes l 2 OK x Cancel Figure 6 5 New SDT Gateway screen Or enter a Descriptive Name to display instead of the IP or DNS address and any Notes or a Description of this gateway such as its firmware version site location or anything special about its network configuration Click OK and an icon for the new gateway will now appear in the SDT Connector home page NOTE For an SDT Connector user to access a console server and then access specific hosts or serial devices connected to that console server that user must first be setup on the console server and must be authorized to access the specific ports hosts refer to Chapter 6 Only these permitted services will be forwarded through by SSH to the Host All other services TCP UDP ports will be blocked 6 2 3 Auto configure SDT Connector Client with the User s Access Privileges Each user on the console server has an ac
93. Or select Status Support Report and note the Firmware Version YN B System Name c Model LES1216A Firmware K BLACK BOX Uptime 0 d 14m Current User NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network i i Serial Port Firmware Version eaaa BlackBowLES12u lt Version 2 8 0u2 Wed Oct 7 14 54 24 EST 2009 Authentication Figure 11 3 Firmware version To upgrade you first must download the latest firmware image from the Black Box web site Save this downloaded firmware image file to a system on the same subnet as the console server Download and read the release_notes txt for the latest information To upload the firmware image file to your console server select System Firmware Specify the address and name of the downloaded Firmware Upgrade File or Browse the local subnet and locate the downloaded file JN BLACK BOX System Name fodel LES1216A Firmware 2 8 0u2 gt Uptime 0 d 20 12 mins 5 cs Current User root QP NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port Firmware Upgrade File Users amp Groups Specify a valid firmware file to upgrade the unit with Authentication Network Hosts Firmware Options Trusted Networks Advanced options should only be used at the request of customer support Cascaded Ports UPS Connections Apply RPF Cannertinns Figure 11 4 Upgrade firmware 724 746 5500 blackbox com 107 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers Click Apply and the console server appliance will perform
94. P and 2003 computers follow the steps below to set up an advanced network connection between the Windows computer through its COM port to the console server Both Windows 2003 and Windows XP Professional allow you to create a simple dial in service which can be used for the Remote Desktop VNC HTTP X connection to the console server Open Network Connections in Control Panel and click the New Connection Wizard New Connection Wizard R Network Connection Type What do you want to do Connect to the Intemet Connect to the Intemet so you can browse the Web and read email Connect to the network at my workplace Connect to a business network using dial up or VPN so you can work from home a field office or another location Set up a home or small office network Connect to an existing home or small office network or set up a new one Set up an advanced connection Connect directly to another computer using your serial parallel or infrared port or set up this computer so that other computers can connect to it Figure 6 31 New Connection Wizard screen Select Set up an advanced connection and click Next On the Advanced Connection Options screen select Accept Incoming Connections and click Next Select the Connection Device i e the serial COM port on the Windows computer that you cabled through to the console server By default select COM1 The COM port on the Windows computer should be configured to its maximum baud r
95. Port Access and Active Users 110 12 2 Statistics oes 110 12 3 SUPPO REDONIS cscs aioe spect cca Siveese sue ined cuavuseatet cee eluenas wis duz ants whack nzsezcszecist isa csuaeasesiles dees cubaase ate ana ven ce capa taregdst ame datacwseilet dupe ueaeeh septal 111 UAVS WSOC re cczesaces a E A A R ent caeeepeteenteateaeh 112 12 5 Dashboard ercsi ani 112 12 5 1 Configuring the Dashboard eee eal I3 12 5 2 Creating Custom Widgets Tor the DashbOard iseit aE E e EEEE EE aariak 114 EVE aTeo SAAE a a E AA EE E E a EE E EEE 13 1 Device Management 5 13 2 Port and Host LOgS 0 cceeee 115 13 3 Seral Port Terminal COMMCGHOM t s lt ciccectccvcceacsonctetesenttebeccautedetersdaheseselahitennteladistiebesaettedensiialaddenslihetenstebidantiebetsutedetersdebsseseluhitenctabetesctsbereattes 116 13 4 Power Managements a A a e aeae AAE EE EAA E a e ae eaaa a a EERE 117 14 Configuration from the Command Line c eccesessesessesessesessesessescsesecsesncsesussesucsesuceesussesuseesusecsucessucsesusessuseesusaesuseesuseesuseesuseeeseeseseeeseeseseeeeseeeeeees 118 14 1 Accessing Config from the Command Line ecccccccccessssesesessessseseeesesssesseseseasscsseseneassesesessasscssesessasssseesessassesesusssasseseseusasscsestensasaeseeenees 118 142 Serial POrt Configuration ssor cos az ces ves osesan E E EEEE id sGedantdehrtas E E a E 120 14 3 Adding and Removing Users 122 14 4 Adding and Removing User Groups 124 14 5 Au
96. RIALS LinuxTutorialCgiShellScript html Similarly the Master does maintain a view of the status of the slaves Select Status Support Report Scroll down to Processes Look for bin ssh MN o ControlPath var run cascade Y h slavename These are the slaves that are connected Note the end of the Slaves names will be truncated so the first 5 characters must be unique Alternatively you can write a custom CGI script as described above The currently connected Slaves can be determined by running s varlrun cascade and the configured slaves can be displayed by running config g config cascade slaves 160 724 746 5500 blackbox com Appendix A Linux Commands and Source Code Appendix A Linux Commands and Source Code The console server platform is a dedicated Linux computer optimized to provide monitoring and secure access to serial and network consoles of critical server systems and their supporting power and networking infrastructure Black Box console servers are built on the 2 4 uCLinux kernel as developed by the uCLinux project This is GPL code and source can be found at http cvs uclinux org Some uCLinux commands have config files that can be altered e g portmanager inetd init ssh sshd scp sshkeygen ucd snmpd samba fnord sslwrap Other commands you can run and do neat stuff with e g loopback bash shell fto hwclock ijproute iptables netcat ifconfig mii tool netstat route ping portmap pppd rout
97. RPC connection then the corresponding Host Name Description that you set up for that connection will be entered as the Name and Description for the power device Or if you select to Connect Via a Serial connection enter a Name and Description for the power device Vo System Name Model LES12 Firmware lt SBLACK BOX Uptime 0 20 min urrent User NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port Add RPC Users amp Groups Connected Via Serial Port 2 Port2 v Authentication Network Hosts Trusted Networks RPC Type Cascaded Ports UPS Connections RPC Connections Name Environmental Managed Devices Specify the serial port or network host address for the power device None X Specify the type of the connected power device A descriptive name for the power device Alerts amp Logging Description Port Log Alerts SMTP amp SMS SNMP Username A brief description for the power device Specify the login name for the power device System Administration Password SSL Certificates Configuration Backup Firmware Confirm IP Date amp Time Dial Log Status Services DHCP Server Nagios Log Rate 15 Ranfinnen Ranhhancd Specify the login secret for the power device Confirm the login secret for the power device Periodically log RPC status Figure 8 2 Add RPC screen Select the appropriate RPC Type for the PDU or IPMI being connected If you are connecting to the RPC via the network you will be presented with t
98. S in room 5 Username to connect to UPS User2 Password to connect to UPS secret shutdown order 2 0 shuts down first Driver genericups Driver option option option Driver option argument argument Logging Enabled Log interval 2 minutes Run script when power is critical Enabled contig s config ups monitors monitor port dev port01 If the port number is higher than 9 for example port 13 enter config s config ups monitors monitor1 port dev port13 config s config ups monitors monitor1 name My UPS config s config ups monitors monitor1 description UPS in room 5 config s config ups monitors monitor username User2 config s config ups monitors monitor1 password secret config s config ups monitors monitor1 sdorder 2 config s config ups monitors monitor1 driver genericups 724 746 5500 blackbox com 127 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers config s config ups monitors monitor options option1 opt option config s config ups monitors monitor1 options option 1 arg argument config s config ups monitors monitor1 options total 1 config s config ups monitors monitor1 log enabled on config s config ups monitors monitor1 log interval 2 config s config ups monitors monitor1 script enabled on Make sure to increment the total monitors config s config ups monitors total 1 The five commands below will add the UPS to Managed devices Assuming there are already two managed devices co
99. SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port Authentication Users amp Groups Method Authentication Network Hosts Trusted Networks Cascaded Ports UPS Connections RPC Connections Environmental Managed Devices Alerts amp Logging Port Log Alerts SMTP amp SMS SNMP Figure 9 1 Authentication screen Any authentication method that is configured will be used for authentication of any user who attempts to log in through Telnet SSH or the Web Manager to the console server and any connected serial port or network host devices You can configure the console server to the default Local or using an alternate authentication method TACACS RADIUS or LDAP Optionally you can select the order in which local and remote authentication is used Local TACACS RADIUS LDAP Tries local authentication first falling back to remote if local fails TACACS RADIUS LDAP Local Tries remote authentication first falling back to local if remote fails TACACS RADIUS LDAP Down Local Tries remote authentication first falling back to local if the remote authentication returns an error condition for example if the remote authentication server is down or inaccessible 9 1 1 Local Authentication Select Serial and Network Authentication and check Local Click Apply 9 1 2 TACACS Authentication Perform the following procedure to configure the TACACS authentication method to use whenever the console server or any of its serial ports or
100. SH is a program to log into another computer over a network to execute commands in a remote machine and to move files from one machine to another It provides strong authentication and secure communications over insecure channels OpenSSH the de facto open source SSH application encrypts all traffic including passwords to effectively eliminate these risks Additionally OpenSSH provides a myriad of secure tunneling capabilities as well as a variety of authentication methods OpenSSH is the port of OpenBSD s excellent OpenSSH O to Linux and other versions of Unix OpenSSH is based on the last free sample implementation with all patent encumbered algorithms removed to external libraries all known security bugs fixed new features reintroduced and many other clean ups http www openssh com The only changes in the Black Box SSH implementation are PAM support EGD 1 PRNGD 2 support and replacements for OpenBSD library functions that are absent from other versions of UNIX The config files are now in etc config for example etc contig sshd_config instead of etc sshd_contig etc contig ssh_config instead of etc ssh_config etc contig users lt username gt ssh instead of home lt username gt ssh 15 6 2 Generating Public Keys Linux To generate new SSH key pairs use the Linux ssh keygen command This will produce an RSA or DSA public private key pair and you will be prompted for a path to store the two key files for example id_d
101. address a specific element place a between each node branch For example to access and display the description of user type config g config users user1 description The root node of the config tree is lt config gt To display the entire config tree type config g config To display the help text for the config commana type config h The config application resides in the bin directory The environmental variable called PATH contains a route to the bin directory This allows a user to simply type config at the command prompt instead of the full path bin config Options a run all Run all registered configurators This performs every configuration synchronization action pushing all changes to the live system h help Display a brief usage message v verbose Log extra debug information d del id Remove the given configuration element specified by a separated identifier g get id Display the value of a configuration element p path file Specify an alternate configuration file to use The default file is located at etc config config xmi r run configurator Run the specified registered configurator Registered configurators are listed below s set id value Change the value of configuration element specified by a separated identifier e export file Save active configuration to file i import file Load configuration from file t test import file Pretend to load configuration from file S
102. al Port Host Device and User Configuration The Black Box LES1101A and LES1102A console server enables access and control of serially attached devices and network attached devices hosts The Administrator must configure access privileges for each of these devices and specify the services that can be used to control the devices The Administrator can also set up new users and specify each user s individual access and control privileges LES1102A Serial connected Linux Solaris Windows UNIX BSD Network connected servers HTTP HTTPS IPMI ALOM SOL VNC RDP SSH X Telnet VoIP PBX switch router firewall power strip UPS Figure 5 1 Configuration This chapter covers each of the steps in configuring hosts and serially attached devices Configure Serial Ports setting up the protocols to be used in accessing serially connected devices Users amp Groups setting up users and defining the access permissions for each of these users Authentication covered in more detail in Chapter 9 Network Hosts configuring access to network connected devices referred to as hosts Configuring Trusted Networks nominate user IP addresses Cascading and Redirection of Serial Console Ports Connecting to Power UPS PDU and IPMI and Environmental Monitoring EMD devices Managed Devices presents a consolidated view of all the connections 5 1 Configure Serial Ports To configure a serial port you
103. also want to configure access to it for public key authentication as well This configuration is entirely independent of SDT Connector and the SSH gateway You must configure the SSH client that SDT Connector launches for example Putty OpenSSH and the host s SSH server for public key authentication Essentially what you are using is SSH over SSH and the two SSH connections are entirely separate 6 8 Setting up SDT for Remote Desktop Access The Microsoft Remote Desktop Protocol RDP enables the system manager to securely access and manage remote Windows computers to reconfigure applications and user profiles upgrade the server s operating system reboot the machine etc Black Box s Secure Tunneling uses SSH tunneling so this RDP traffic is securely transferred through an authenticated and encrypted tunnel SDT with RDP also allows remote Users to connect to Windows XP Vista Server2003 and Server 2008 computers and to Windows 2000 Terminal Servers and to access to all of the applications files and network resources with full graphical interface just as though they were in front of the computer screen at work To set up a secure Remote Desktop connection enable Remote Desktop on the target Windows computer that you want to access and configure the RPD client software on the client PC 6 8 1 Enable Remote Desktop on the Target Windows Computer to be Accessed To enable Remote Desktop on the Windows computer being accessed Open System in t
104. ame given here and the actual network name differ the browser will pop up a security warning when the console server is accessed using HTTPS Organizational Unit Use this field to specify which department within an organization the console server belongs to Organization The name of the organization that the console server belongs to Locality City The city where the organization is located State Province The state or province where the organization is located Country The country where the organization is located This is the two letter ISO code for example DE for Germany or US for the USA Note Enter the country code in CAPITAL LETTERS Email The email address of a contact person that is responsible for the console server and its security Challenge Password Some certification authorities require a challenge password to authorize later changes on the certificate for example revocation of the certificate The password must be at least 4 characters long Confirm Challenge Password Confirmation of the Challenge Password Key length This is the length of the generated key in bits 1024 Bits are supposed to be sufficient for most cases Longer keys may result in slower response time of the console server when establishing a connection Once this is done click on the button Generate CSR which will initiate the Certificate Signing Request generation The CSR can be downloaded to your administration machine with the Download b
105. amp Groups User From 1 2 3 4 5 6 z 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Authentication Network Hosts deladmin Anywhere N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Trusted Network VASTES hpadmin Anywhere N N N N N N N NNN N N N N N N Cascaded Ports UPS Connections devroom Anywhere sf Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y RPC Connections Environmental Managed Devices opona Anywhere Accessible from any IP address Alerts amp Logging PortLog Alerts SMTP amp SMS SNMP Anyone No username is required for access Figure 12 1 Port access status screen The Administrator can also see the current status as to Users who have active sessions on those ports Select the Status Active Users 12 2 Statistics The Statistics report provides a snapshot of the status current traffic and other activities and operations of your console server Select the Status Statistics 110 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 12 Status Reports S N System Name A o 1216A Firmware 2 8 0u2 ba KS BLACK BOX Uptime 0 days o s 9s Current User root Backup Log Out NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port Users amp Groups Interfaces Routes Serial Ports IP ICMP TCP UDP Authentication Network Hosts Trusted Networks Cascaded Ports UPS Connections RPC Connections Environmental Managed Devices etho Alerts amp Logging Port Log eth0 0 Alerts SMTP amp SMS SNMP lo System Administration SSL Certificates Configuration Backu
106. ample Script Multiple Email Notifications on Each Alert If you want to send more than one email when an alert triggers you have to create a replacement script using the method described above and add the appropriate lines to your new script Currently there is a script etc scripts alert email that runs from within all the alert scripts for example portmanager user alert or environmental alert The alert email script sends the email The line that invokes the email script is as follows bin sh etc scripts alert email suffix amp If you want to send another email to a single address or the same email to many recipients edit the custom script appropriately You can follow the examples in any of the seven alert scripts listed above In particular consider the portmanager user alert script If you need to send the same alert 724 746 5500 blackbox com 137 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers email to more than one email address find the lines in the script responsible for invoking the alert email script then add the following lines below the existing lines export TOADDR emailaddress domain com bin sh etc scripts alert email suffix amp These two lines assign a new email address to TOADDR and invoke the alert email script in the background 15 1 5 Deleting Configuration Values from the CLI The delete node script is provided to help with deleting nodes from the command line The delete node script takes one argument the
107. an additional command that is use the escape Send Break Typing the character sequence b will generate a BREAK on the serial port History Typing the character sequence h will generate a history on the serial port Quit pmshell Typing the character sequence will exit from pmshell Set RTS to 1 run the command pmshell rts 7 Show all signals pmshell signals DSR 1 DTR 1 CTS 1 RTS 1 DCD 0 Read a line of text from the serial port pmshell getline pmchat The pmchat command acts similar to the standard chat command but all serial port access is directed via the portmanager Example To run a chat script via the portmanager pmchat v f etc config scripts port08 chat lt dev port08 For more information on using chat and pmchat consult the UNIX man pages http techpubs sgi com library tpl cgibin getdoc cgi coll linux amp db man amp fname usr share catman man8 chat 8 html pmusers The pmusers command is used to query the portmanager for active user sessions Example To detect which users are currently active on which serial ports pmusers This command will output nothing if there are no active users currently connected to any ports Otherwise it will respond with a sorted list of usernames per active port Port 1 user user2 Port 2 user Port 8 user2 The above output indicates that a user named user is actively connected to ports 1 and 2 while user2 is
108. and 1102 Secure Device Servers 15 6 4 Installing SSH Public Keys Authentication LINUX ccccccccccccssseseeeessseseseesessscseseeneseseassesnenessassueueasseseseusassnseseeusasseseseesassnseseeneatees 148 15 6 5 Generating Public Private Keys for SSH Windows 150 15 6 6 FINQENPFININ Qiseies ceieeces sevessissseecsniadlieara nesses eeaeanes ed oy 15 6 7 SSH Tunneled Serial Bridging ccece 15 6 8 SDT Connector Public Key Authentication 15 7 Secure Sockets Layer SSL Support ee eeeeeeeeeeeteteees 154 15 8 AII S arreen 154 15 8 1 Generating an Encryption Key cccscececeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 22154 15 8 2 Generating a Self Signed Ce 15 8 4 Launching the HTTPS Server 15 9 Power Strip Control 15 9 1 The PowerMan Tool 15 9 2 The pmpower Tool 15 9 3 Adding New RPC Devices 15 10 IPMTOOls cccccccatseacdstnwecaclancs 15 11 Custom Development Kit CDK 15 12 Scripts for Managing Slaves r ficate With Open SS Lissa secre ncceithenvennda ais oe eae ee ere eerie 154 T5 8 3 n stalling th Key and Gerth Cate eres css tes haa cess at cats EEE ae easels 155 Appendix Linux Gomimands amd SOUnce Code ssassn ear ie hues ERE E EEE E E E EE 161 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 1 Specifications 1 Specifications CPU Micrel KS8695P controller Memory 16 MB SDRAM 8 MB Flash Serial Baud Rates 2400 to 115 200 bps Connectors LES
109. and 1102 Secure Device Servers SDT Settings SDT Mode Enable access over SSH to a host connected to this serial port Username The login name for PPP The default is port0 User Password The login secret for PPP The default is port04 Confirm Password Re type the password for confirmation Figure 5 9 SDT settings For configuration details refer to Chapter 6 4 Using SDT Connector to Telnet or SSH connect to devices that are serially attached to the console server 5 1 4 Device RPC UPS EMD Mode This mode configures the selected serial port to communicate with a serial controlled Uninterruptable Power Supply UPS Remote Power Controller Power Distribution Unit RPC or Environmental Monitoring Device EMD Device Settings Device Type None m None pe RPC Environmental Figure 5 10 Device settings screen Select the desired Device Type UPS RPC or EMD Proceed to the appropriate device configuration page Serial amp Network UPS Connections RPC Connection or Environmental as detailed in Chapter 8 Power Management 5 1 5 Terminal Server Mode Select Terminal Server Mode and the Terminal Type vt220 vt102 vt100 Linux or ANSI to enable a getty on the selected serial port Terminal Server Settings Terminal Server Mode Enable a TTY login for a local terminal attached to this serial port Terminal Type vi220 The terminal standard to use on this serial port Figure 5 11 Terminal server settings
110. and Minute using the Date and Time selection boxes then click Apply The gateway can synchronize its system time with a remote time server using the Network Time Protocol NTP Configuring the NTP time server ensures that the console server clock will be accurate soon after the Internet connection is established Also if NTP is not used the system clock will reset randomly every time the console server is powered up To set the system time using NTP Select the Enable NTP checkbox on the Network Time Protocol page Enter the IP address of the remote NTP Server and click Apply You must now also specify your local time zone so the system clock can show local time and not UTP Set your appropriate region locality in the Time Zone selection box and click Apply 11 4 Configuration Backup We recommend that you back up the console server configuration whenever you make significant changes such as adding new Users or Managed Devices or before performing a firmware upgrade Select the System Configuration Backup menu option or click the NOTE You can also back up the configuration files from the command line refer to Chapter 14 108 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 11 System Management Q System Name A Mow Firmware 2 8 0u2 B Uptime 0 day 5m Current User root NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port Remote Backup Local Backup Users amp Groups Authentication Network Hosts Trusted Networks Remote Backup
111. and select Network Hosts from Serial amp Network click Add Host and in the IP Address DNS Name field enter 127 0 0 1 this is the Black Box network loopback address Then enter Loopback in Description Remove all entries under Permitted Services except for those that you will use to access the Management Console 80 http or 443 nttps or the command line 22 ssh or 23 telnet Scroll to the bottom and click Apply Administrators by default have gateway access privileges For Users to access the console server Management Console you will need to give those Users the required access privileges Select Users amp Groups from Serial amp Network Click Add User Enter a Username Description and Password Confirm Select 127 0 0 1 from Accessible Host s and click Apply 6 4 SDT Connector Telnet or SSH Connect to Serially Attached Devices You can also use SDT Connector to access text consoles on devices that are attached to the console server serial ports For these connections you must configure the SDT Connector client software with a Service that will access the target gateway serial port and then set the gateway up as a host Launch SDT Connector on your PC Select Edit gt Preferences and click the Services tab Click Add Enter Serial Port 2 in Service Name and click Add Select Telnet client as the Client Enter 2002 in TCP Port Click OK then Close and Close again 724 746 5500 blackbox com 49 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Ser
112. any browser to log into the Management Console either locally or from a remote location They can then use Management Console to manage the console server the users the serial ports and serially connected devices network connected hosts and connected power devices and to view associated logs and configure alerts System Name Model LES110 Firmware BLA K X Uptime 57 Current Use NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port System Name les1102a voce aa An ID for this device Authentication Network Hosts System Description Trusted Networks The physical location of this device Cascaded Ports UPS Connections System Password RPC Connections levice Environmental E Managed Devices Confirm System eoecceee Password ars CREET ae aii Re enter the above password for confirmation Alerts amp Logging Port Log Apply Alerts 1 2 3 Figure 2 1 1 2 3 sole A User can also use the Management Console but has limited menu access to control select devices review their logs and access them using the built in java terminal or control power to them The console server runs an embedded Linux operating system and experienced Linux and UNIX users may prefer to configure it at the command line To get command line access connect through a terminal emulator or communications program to the console serial port connect via ssh or telnet through the LAN or connect through an SSH tunneling to the console server 2 5 Hardw
113. are Description 2 5 1 LES1101A Front Panel Figure 2 2 shows the front panel of the LES1101A Table 2 1 describes its components 5 4 Figure 2 2 LES1101A front panel 724 746 5500 blackbox com 11 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers Table 2 1 LES1101A front panel components Number Component Description 1 Barrel connector Power 2 RJ 45 connector Links to 10 100 Mbps Ethernet 3 J1 jumper Selects RS 232 RS 485 RS 422 4 RJ 45 LED Ethernet Connectivity LED 5 RJ 45 Ethernet Activity 2 5 2 LES1101A Back Panel Figure 2 3 shows the LES1101A back panel Table 2 2 describes its components eeceee sawe Figure 2 3 LES1101A back panel Table 2 2 LES1101A back panel components Number Component Description 6 DB9 connector Serial connector RS 232 RS 485 RS 422 12 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 2 Overview 2 5 3 LES1102A Front Panel Figure 2 4 shows the front panel of the LES1102A Table 2 3 describes its components Figure 2 4 LES1102A front panel Table 2 3 LES1102A front panel components Number Component Description 1 Barrel connector Power 2 8 position Phoenix connector Port 2 RS 422 485 3 RJ 45 connector Links to 10 100 Mbps Ethernet 4 RJ 45 LED left side of connector Ethernet Connectivity LED 5 RJ 45 LED right side of connector Ethernet Activity LED 2 5 4 LES1102A Back Panel Figure 2 5 shows the LES1102A back panel Table 2 4 describes its components 6 7
114. ashboards for each user group lt gt BLACK BOX NETWORK SERVICES Alerts Managed Devices Port activity UPS connections Figure 12 5 Dashboard summary 112 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 12 Status Reports 12 5 1 Configuring the Dashboard Only users who are members of the admin group and the root user can configure and access the dashboard To configure a custom dashboard Select System Configure Dashboard and select the user or group you are configuring this custom dashboard layout for Click Next NS System Name M S1216A Firmware 2 8 S BLACK BOX Uptime 0 day 8 mins 0 secs Current User NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port Dashboard Configurations Users amp Groups Select groupluser group admin Authentication ae Network Hosts group admin o configure ti user SR7 Trusted Networks Cascaded Ports Next Default dashboany Figure 12 6 Custom dashboard NOTE You can configure a custom dashboard for any admin user or for the admin group or you can reconfigure the default dashboard The Status Dashboard screen is the first screen displayed when admin users other than root log into the console manager If you log in as John and John is member of the admin group and there is a dashboard layout configured for John then you will see the dashboard for John upon log in and each time you click on the Status Dashboard menu item If there is no dashboard layout conf
115. ate Click Next On the Incoming VPN Connection Options screen select Do not allow virtual private connections and click Next 60 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 6 Secure SSH Tunneling and SDT Connector New Connection Wizard User Permissions You can specify the users who can connect to this computer Select the check box next to each user who should be allowed a connection to this computer Note that other factors such as a disabled user account may affect a user s ability to connect Users allowed to connect O Guest 1G HelpAssistant Remote Desktop Help Assistant Account L Remote Bob Remote Bob O 3 SUPPORT_388945a0 CN Microsoft Corporation L Redmond S Washingt o Egi SUPPORT_ 151ab9 CN Dell Computer Corporation L Round Rock S Te_ lt C Jf Figure 6 32 User permissions Specify which Users will be allowed to use this connection This should be the same Users who were given Remote Desktop access privileges in the earlier step Click Next On the Network Connection screen select TCP IP and click Properties Incoming TCP IP Properties Neiwale V Allow callers to access my local area network TCP IP address assignment Assign TCP IP addresses automatically using DHCP Specify TCP IP addresses From 169 134 33 l To 169 134 B 2 Total 2 BD SES eO ANE eee V Allow calling computer to specify its own IP address Figure 6 33 Incoming TCPAP properties Select Sp
116. be triggered when a user connects or disconnects from the applicable Host or Serial Port Signal Alert An alert will be triggered when a signal changes state Pattern Match Alert An alert will be triggered if a regular expression is found in the serial ports character stream UPS Power Status Alert An alert will be triggered when the UPS power status changes between on line on battery and low battery Environmental and Power An alert will be triggered atthe value s below Sensor Alert Alarm Sensor Alert An alert will be triggered when an alarm condition occurs Alert Trigger Settings Signal Type DSR ich serial signal change to alert on DCD cTs Apply Alert To Applicable Port s i SelectUnselect all Ports Bipot E Por2 Oport3 E port 4 ports E Port 6 E Port7 Fl Port 8 Figure 7 7 Serial port signal alert Serial Port Pattern Match Alert This alert will be triggered if a regular expression is found in the serial ports character stream that matches the regular expression you enter in the Pattern field This alert type will only be applied to serial ports selected as Applicable Ports s 724 746 5500 blackbox com 71 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers ernicates Alert Type Configuration Backup Firmware Connection IP am An alert will be triggered when a user connects or disconnects from the applicable Host or Serial Port Date amp Time Dial Signal Alert Senices An alert will be triggered when a s
117. c scripts portmanager pattern alert If there s a user contigured script run it instead scripts O etc contig scripts pattern alert ALERT_PORTNAME scripts 1 etc config scripts portmanager pattern alert for i 0 i lt scripts i do if f scripts i J then exec bin sh scripts i fi done This code shows that there are two alternative scripts that can be run instead of the default one This code first checks whether a file etc config scripts pattern alert ALERT_PORTNAME exists The variable ALERT_PORTNAME must be replaced with port01 or port13 or whichever port the alert should run for If this file cannot be found the script checks whether the file etc config scripts portmanager pattern alert exists If either of these files exists the script calls the exec command on the first file that it finds and runs that custom file script instead As an example you can copy the etc scripts portmanager pattern alert script file to etc config scripts portmanager pattern alert cd mkdir etc config scripts if the directory does not already exist cp etc scripts portmanager pattern alert etc config scripts portmanager pattern alert The next step will be to edit the new script file First open the file etc config scripts portmanager pattern alert using vi or any other editor and remove the lines that check for a custom script the code from above This will prevent the new custom scri
118. cess profile that was configured with those specific connected hosts and serial port devices the user has authority to access and a specific set of the enabled services for each of these You can upload this configuration automatically into the SDT Connector client amp SDTConnector File Edit Help aa ze E Gateway Actions E3 Baytech gateway Figure 6 6 Gateway actions Click on the new gateway icon and select Retrieve Hosts This will e configure access to network connected Hosts that the user is authorized to access and set up for each of these Hosts the services for example HTTPS IPMI2 0 and the related IP ports being redirected e configure access to the console server itself this is shown as a Local Services host e configure access with the enabled services for the serial port devices connected to the console server 724 746 5500 blackbox com 43 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers SDTConnector File Edit Help B22 e 208 64 91 182 Services HTP HTTPS lp Power Web Management Dell Server 2003 DRAC4 VNC HP 2003 Server iLO 2 8 TCP Po Dell 2003 Server Dell 2003 Server BMC HP 2003 Server Local Services Figure 6 7 Hosts NOTE The Retrieve Hosts function will auto configure all user classes that is they can be members of user or admin or some other group or no group SDT Conn
119. ches critical battery status the custom script in etc config scripts ups shutdown runs enabling you to perform any ast gasp actions Click Apply 8 2 3 Controlling UPS Powered Computers One of the advantages of having a Managed UPS is that you can configure computers that draw power through that UPS to shut down gracefully if you have UPS problems For Linux computers set up upsmon on each computer and direct them to monitor the console server that is managing their UPS This will set the specific conditions that will be used to initiate a power down of the computer Non critical servers may be powered down some seconds after the UPS starts running on battery In contrast more critical servers may not be shut down until a low battery warning is received Refer to the online NUT documentation for details on how to do this http eu1 networkupstools org doc 2 2 0 INSTALL html http linux die net man 5 upsmon conf http Minux die net man 8 upsmon An example upsmon conf entry might look like MONITOR managedups 192 168 0 1 1 username password slave managedups is the UPS Name of the Managed UPS 192 168 0 1 is the IP address of the Black Box console server 1 indicates the server has a single power supply attached to this UPS username is the Username of the Managed UPS password is the Password of the Manager UPS There are NUT monitoring clients available for Windows computers WinNUT If you have an RPC PDU you
120. ck Box_nrpe_daemon_dep host_name Black Box dependent_host_name server dependent_service_description Host Ping service_description NRPE Daemon execution_failure_criteria W U C SSH Port define command command_name check_conn_via_Black Box command _line USER1 check_nrpe H 192 168 254 147 p 5666 c host_ HOSTNAME _ ARG1 _ ARG2 define service service_description SSH Port host_name server use generic service check_command check_conn_via_Black Box tcp 22 define service service_description host port tco 22 server host port lt protocol gt lt port gt lt host gt host_name server 102 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 10 Nagios Integration use generic service check_command check_conn_via_Black Box tco 22 active_checks_enabled 0 passive_checks_enabled 1 define servicedependency name Black Box_nrpe_daemon_dep host_name Black Box dependent_host_name server dependent_service_description SSH Port service_description NRPE Daemon execution_failure_criteria W U C 10 4 2 Basic Nagios Plug Ins Plug ins are compiled executables or scripts that can be scheduled to run on the console server to check the status of a connected host or service This status is then communicated to the upstream Nagios server that uses the results to monitor the current status of the distributed network Each console server is preconfigured with a selection of the checks that are part of the Nagios plug ins package check_tc
121. config s config portaccess total 2 126 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 14 Configuration from the Command Line The following command will synchronize the live system with the new configuration config r serialconfig 14 8 Cascaded Ports To add a new slave device with the following settings IP address DNS name 192 168 0 153 Description Console in office 42 Label les1 102 2 Number of ports 2 The following commands must be issued config s config cascade slaves slave1 address 192 168 0 153 config s config cascade slaves slave1 description CM in office 42 config s config cascade slaves slave1 label les1 102 2 config s config cascade slaves slave1 ports 2 The total number of slaves must also be incremented If this is the first slave you re adding type config s config cascade slaves total 1 Increment this value when adding more slaves NOTE If a slave is added using the CLI then the master SSH public key will need to be manually copied to every slave device before cascaded ports will work refer to Chapter 6 The following command will synchronize the live system with the new configuration config r cascade 14 9 UPS Connections Managed UPSes Before adding a managed UPS make sure that at least 1 port has been configured to run in device mode and that the device is set to ups To add a managed UPS with the following values Connected via Port 1 UPS name My UPS Description UP
122. connections to the console server itself you must configure SDT Connector to access the Gateway itself by setting the Gateway console server up as a host and then configuring the appropriate services Launch SDT Connector on your PC Assuming you have already set up the console server as a Gateway in your SDT Connector client with username password etc select this newly added Gateway and click the Host icon to create a host Or select File gt New Host Enter 127 0 0 1 as the Host Address and provide details in Descriptive Name Notes Click OK F Edit SDT Host Host Address 127 0 0 1 Services 7 HTTP V HTTPS Telnet 7 SSH E vnc E RDP Dell RAC Dell Server Administrator Dell IT Assistant SOL E IBM RSA II E IBM Director IBM AMM HP iLO2 VMWare Server TCP Port 1494 E Serial 2 SSH E Serial 2 Telnet Serial 3 SSH Serial 3 Telnet Serial 4 SSH Serial 4 Telnet E TCP Port 903 z ap z ye a 3 oe Descriptive Name Local Host Description Notes Manual entry connections to the console server itself 7 0K canca Figure 6 17 Edit SDT host screen Click the HTTP or HTTPS Services icon to access the Management Console and or click SSH or Telnet to access the command line console NOTES To enable SDT access to the console you must also configure the console server to allow the port forwarded network access to itself Browse to the console server
123. counts myco intranet com then specify the Destination as 192 168 523 1 3389 or accounts myco intranet com 3389 Only devices that are configured as networked Hosts can be accessed using SSH tunneling except by the root user who can tunnel to any IP address the console server can route to 64 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 6 Secure SSH Tunneling and SDT Connector R PuTTY Configuration Category Terminal Options controlling SSH port forwarding Keyboard Port forwarding Bell Features Local ports accept connections from other hosts Window Remote ports do the same SSH 2 only Appearance Forwarded ports gene Behaviour ae Translation Selection Colours re F 5 Connection Add new forwarded port Data Source port 55555 ae Destination 192 168 253 1 3389 Rlogin Local Remote Dynamic SSH Auto IPv4 IPv6 Kex Auth TTY X11 Tunnels Bugs J L54321 192 168 253 1 80 Figure 6 37 Set destination If your destination computer is serially connected to the console server set the Destination as lt port label gt 3389 For example if the Label you specified on the serial port on the console server is win2k3 then specify the remote host as win2k3 3389 Or you can set the Destination as portXX 3389 where XX is the SDT enabled serial port number For example if port 2 is on the console server is to carry the RDP traffic then specify port02 3389 NOTE http www jfit
124. cription for the console server to give it a unique ID and make it simple to identify nn unn NOTE The System Name can contain from 1 to 64 alphanumeric characters however you can also use the special characters and There are no restrictions on the characters that can be used in the System Description or the System Password each can contain up to 254 characters However only the first eight System Password characters are used to make the password hash 4 Click Apply Since you have changed the password you will be prompted to log in again This time use the new password NOTE If you are not confident that your console server has the current firmware release you can upgrade Refer to Upgrade Firmware Chapter 11 4 3 Network IP Address The next step is to enter an IP address for the principal Ethernet LAN Network Network1 port on the console server or enable its DHCP client so that it automatically obtains an IP address from a DHCP server on the network it will connect to On the System IP menu select the Network Interface page then check dhcp or static for the Configuration Method If you selected Static you must manually enter the new IP Address Subnet Mask Gateway and DNS server details This selection automatically disables the DHCP client 724 746 5500 blackbox com 21 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers NN ss System Name Model LES1102A Firmware 2 NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network
125. cs F02 clients Execute the PUTTYGEN EXE program Select the desired key type SSH2 DSA you may use RSA or DSA within the Parameters section It is important that you leave the passphrase field blank Click on the Generate button Follow the instruction to move the mouse over the blank area of the program in order to create random data used by PUTTYGEN to generate secure keys Key generation will occur once PUTTYGEN has collected sufficient random data uf PuTTY Key Generator File Key Conversions Help Key Public key for pasting into OpenSSH authorized_keys file ssh rsa AABINzaC1 po2EASASBIQAAAIBI4 NOAGKIGY zokKy1 OR YS Kgnmb21 0 vyputT 4ayaJfll xFAJDFIB7RdoL2VTRTHHS 8 TpLNALvHOB AtDXyLIFnEAppLGmxtuZpneF fk yaeSqnsTYCYjT O7If3rebD ubNPudhw rsa key 20061212 Key fingerprint ssh tsa 1023 91 18 3d 14 F7 07 86 64 f2 ca 4a 9b 7e cf 18 4b Key comment tsa key 20061212 Key passphrase Confirm passphrase Actions Generate a public private key pair Load an existing private key file Save the generated key Save public key Save private key Parameters Type of key to generate OSSH 1 RSA SSH 2 RSA OSSH 2 DSA Number of bits in a generated key 1024 Figure 15 3 Create anew file authorized_keys with notepad and copy your public key data from the Public key for pasting into OpenSSH authorized_keys file section of the PUTTY Key Generator and paste the key data to the auth
126. ctories Show or manipulate the IP routing table Show or manipulate the IP routing table IP Route tool to flush IPv4 routes IP Route tool to list routes Applet printing oroc net rt_acct RTnetlink listener Secure copy remote file copy program Text stream editor Sets the MAC address Sets and reports serial port configuration Shell Shows MAC address 724 746 5500 blackbox com Appendix A Linux Commands and Source Code sleep Delay for a specified amount of time smbmnt Helper utility for mounting SMB file systems smbmount Mount an SMBFS file system Smbumount SMBFS umount for normal users snmpd SNMP daemon snmptrap Sends an SNMP notification to a manager sredird RFC 2217 compliant serial port redirector ssh OpenSSH SSH client remote login program ssh keygen Authentication key generation management and conversion sshd OpenSSH SSH daemon sslwrap Program that allows plain services to be accessed via SSL stty Change and print terminal line settings stunnel Universal SSL tunnel sync Flush file system buffers sysctl Configure kernel parameters at runtime syslogd System logging utility itar The tar archiving utility itc Show traffic control settings Itcodump Dump traffic on a network itelnetd Telnet protocol server tftp Client to transfer a file from to tftp server itftpd Trivial file Transfer Protocol tftp server itip Simple terminal emulator cu program for connecting to modems and ser
127. d You can use the Media menu to lock the Ethernet to 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps and to Full Duplex FD or Half Duplex HD NOTE If you changed the console server IP address you may need to reconfigure your PC workstation so it has an IP address that is in the same network range as this new address Click Apply Enter http new IP address to reconnect the browser on the PC workstation that is connected to the console server IPV6 configuration You can also configure the console server management LAN for IPv6 operation e On the System IP menu select the General Settings page and check Enable IPv6 e Then configure the IPv6 parameters on the Network Interface page 4 4 System Services The Administrator can access and configure the console server and connect to the managed devices using a range of access protocols services The factory default enables HTTPS and SSH access to the console server and disables HTTP and Telnet A User or Administrator can also use nominated enabled services to connect through the console server to attached serial and network connected managed devices The Administrator can simply disable any of the services or enable others 22 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 4 System Configuration System Name Model LE Firmware BLA K B 4 Uptime 0 d 11 mins 47 Current User r NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port HTTP Server Users amp Groups Authentication Network Hosts HTTPS Ser
128. d the Class A limits for radio noise emission from digital apparatus set out in the Radio Interference Regulation of Industry Canada Le pr sent appareil num rique n met pas de bruits radio lectriques d passant les limites applicables aux appareils num riques de la classe A prescrites dans le R glement sur le brouillage radio lectrique publi par Industrie Canada 2 724 746 5500 blackbox com FCC and IC RFI Statements Normas Oficiales Mexicanas NOM Electrical Safety Statement INSTRUCCIONES DE SEGURIDAD OW BWN gt co NOV 18 Todas las instrucciones de seguridad y operaci n deber n ser le das antes de que el aparato el ctrico sea operado Las instrucciones de seguridad y operaci n deber n ser guardadas para referencia futura Todas las advertencias en el aparato el ctrico y en sus instrucciones de operaci n deben ser respetadas Todas las instrucciones de operaci n y uso deben ser seguidas aparato el ctrico no deber ser usado cerca del agua por ejemplo cerca de la tina de ba o lavabo s tano ojado o cerca de una alberca etc aparato el ctrico debe ser usado Unicamente con carritos o pedestales que sean recomendados por el fabricante El aparato el ctrico debe ser montado a la pared o al techo s lo como sea recomendado por el fabricante Servicio El usuario no debe intentar dar servicio al equipo el ctrico m s alla a lo descrito en las instrucciones de operaci n Todo otro servicio deber se
129. default services that you should configure are 22 tcp ssh 23 tcp telnet 80 tcp http 443 tcp https 1494 tcp ica 3389 tcp rdp 5900 tco vino 724 746 5500 blackbox com 125 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers Add other network host To add any other type of network host with the following details IP address DNS name 192 168 3 10 Host name OfficePC Description MyPC Allowed sevices ssh port 22 https port 443 log level for services 1 Issue the commands below If the Host is not a PDU or UPS power device or a server with IPMI power control then leave the device type blank config s config sdt hosts host4 address 192 168 3 10 config s config sdt hosts host4 description MyPC config s config sdt hosts host4 name 0fficePC config s config sdt hosts host4 device type leave this value blank config s config sdt hosts host4 tcoports tcpport1 22 config s config sat hosts host4 tcoports tcpport1 loglevel 1 config s config sdt hosts host4 udpports tcopport2 443 config s config sdt hosts host4 udpports tcoport2 loglevel 1 If you want to add the new host as a managed device make sure you use the current total number of managed devices 1 for the new device number To get the current number of managed devices config g config devices total Assuming we already have one managed device our new device will be device 2 Issue the following commands config s config devices device2 connectio
130. desea id a a nad Hala einai ip deena eae Rael wee 18 4 1 Management Console Cone ction eccececsesesseseeseseesesecsesecsesecsesnesesucsesucsesucsesucsesucsesecsesacsesucsesucsesessesucsesacsesecensaseesesensesensesenseseesesensesenseceeees 18 4 1 1 Connected PC Workstation S tup e ccceccecessesessesssesecsesecsesecsesucsesecsesucsesucstsucsnsecsssecsesucssucaesecansesenseseeseceeseseesassesesensesensesenseseeseeeeees 18 4 1 2 Browser Connection 1 4 2 Administrator Password see 4 3 Network IPAddress icccinetscnct quarantined tuniaiiaiusinunnaiidinina ania neanunnaiernunua tat auanantiass AA Syster SCIVICES ois eies dataset aae raaa ade daw Mawes sees a A a e e AA dae ee ie 4 5 Communications Software 24 4 5 1 SDT Connector 24 4 5 2 PUTTY asserire 25 Alster i m INE do EN E AE T EN ENTA EEES TEE EEEE E E 25 5 S hial Port Host Device and USer Configurator ssr aE a by a ict cre ceeds 26 5 1 Configure Serial Ports 26 Sl GOPMMOMN SENGS egea seas uss deaea suse ced lsc aces a a ai deue Solbacandal aca sea ea eE EAEE e EE AEE aeons eens 27 5 1 2 Console Server Mod tas ces cas ceedaretee saat cans fialviaatseineedinnatiaenean pean tien inlet Aerar Ea EEEE EE ETOR PES andes eee A TEN A 28 51 3 SDT Mod eei einierde idl 5 1 4 Device RPC UPS EMD Mode wid 5 1 5 Terminal Server Mode secs daca ae R E R E E REE E advan 32 5AE Serial Bidong ModE rae a A E N ato S EEE ielaesiedeaa tl 32 5 1 7 SYSIOQ e
131. dit command and search for SDT Connector then remove the directory with this name For Linux and other Unix clients SDTConnector tar gz application will install the sdtcon 1 n jar and the config file defaults xml 724 746 5500 blackbox com 41 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers Once the installer completes you will have a working SDT Connector client installed on your machine and an icon on your desktop Figure 6 3 SDT connector icon Click the SDT Connector icon on your desktop to start the client NOTE SDT Connector is a Java application so it must have a Java Runtime Environment JRE installed You can download this for free from http java sun com 2se It installs on Windows 2000 XP 2003 Vista and 7 PCs and on most Linux platforms Solaris platforms are also supported but they must have Firefox installed SDT Connector can run on any system with Java 1 4 2 and above installed but it assumes the web browser is Firefox and that xterm e telnet opens a telnet window To operate SDT Connector you first need to add new gateways to the client software by entering the access details for each console server refer to Section 6 2 2 Then let the client auto configure all host and serial port connections from each console server refer to Section 6 2 3 Finally point and click to connect to the Hosts and serial devices refer to Section 6 2 4 Or you can manually add network connected hosts refer to Section 6 2 5 and
132. diting user passwords run all the configurators bin config a For information on backing up and restoring the configuration file refer to Chapter 15 Advanced Configuration 14 2 Serial Port Configuration The first set of configurations you need to make to any serial port are the RS 232 common settings For example setup serial port 5 to use the following properties Baud Rate 9600 Parity None Data Bits 8 Stop Bits 1 label Myport log level 0 protocol RS232 flow control None To do this use the following commands config s config ports port5 speed 9600 contig s config ports port5 parity None config s config ports port5 charsize 8 config s config ports port5 stop 1 config s config ports port5 label myport config s config ports port5 loglevel 0 config s config ports port5 protocol RS232 config s config ports port5 flowcontrol None The following command will synchronize the live system with the new configuration config r serialconfig 120 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 14 Configuration from the Command Line NOTE Supported serial port baud rates are 50 75 110 134 150 200 300 600 1200 1800 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 57600 115200 and 230400 Supported parity values are None Odd Even Mark and Space Supported data bits values are 8 7 6
133. dos sobre la cubierta u orificios de ventilaci n Servicio por personal calificado deber ser provisto cuando A El cable de poder o el contacto ha sido da ado u B Objectos han ca do o l quido ha sido derramado dentro del aparato o C El aparato ha sido expuesto a la lluvia o D El aparato parece no operar normalmente o muestra un cambio en su desempe o o E El aparato ha sido tirado o su cubierta ha sido da ada European Community CE Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the protection requirements of European Emission Standard EN55022 EN6 1000 3 and the Generic European Immunity Standard EN55024 EMC EN55022 2003 CISPR 2 2002 class A IEC61000 4 2 2001 4KV CD 8KV AD IEC61000 4 3 2002 3V m IEC61000 4 4 2001 1KV power line 0 5KV signal line 724 746 5500 blackbox com 3 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers Trademarks Used in this Manual Black Box and the Double Diamond logo are registered trademarks of BB Technologies Inc Mac is a registered trademark of Apple Computers Inc Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds Internet Explorer Windows Windows Me Windows NT and Windows Vista are a registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Nagios is a registered trademark of Nagios Enterprises LLC Java and Solaris are trademarks of Sun Microsystems Inc Unix is a registered trademark of X Open Company Ltd Any other trademarks
134. e don t just check that a database is accepting network connections check that it can actually validate requests and return real data Display warnings and send warning e mails pager or SMS alerts when a service failure or degradation is detected Assign contact groups who are responsible for specific services in specific time frames 94 Chapter 10 Nagios Integration 10 2 Central Management and Setting Up SDT for Nagios The Black Box Nagios solution has three parts the Central Nagios server Distributed Black Box console servers and the SDT for Nagios software Central Nagios server LES1102A Distributed console servers A LES1102A Client es ite Figure 10 2 Nagios setup Central Nagios server e A vanilla Nagios 2 x or 3 x installation typically on a Linux server generally running on a blade PC virtual machine etc at a central location Runs a web server that displays the Nagios GUI e Imports configuration from distributed console servers using the SDT for Nagios Configuration Wizard Distributed console servers e Black Box console servers e Serial and network hosts are attached to each console server e Each runs Nagios plug ins NRPE and NSCA add ons but not a full Nagios server Clients e Typically a client PC laptop etc running Windows Linux or Mac OS X e Runs SDT Connector client software 1 5 0 or later e Possibly remote to the central Nagios server or distributed console ser
135. e config command is also used to restore a backup config i lt input File gt This will extract the contents of the previously created backup to tmp and then synchronize the etc config directory with the copy in tmp One problem that can crop up here is that there is not enough room in tmp to extract files to The following command will temporarily increase the size of tmp mount t tmpfs o remount size 2048k tmpfs var If restoring to either a new unit or one that has been factory defaulted make sure that the process generating SSH keys either stops or completes before restoring configuration If this is not done then a mix of old and new keys may be put in place SSH uses these keys to avoid man in the middle attacks Logging in may be disrupted 142 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 15 Advanced Configuration 15 2 Advanced Portmanager Black Box s portmanger program manages the console server serial ports It routes network connection to serial ports checks permissions and monitors and logs all the data flowing to from the ports 15 2 1 Portmanager commands pmshell The pmshell command acts similar to the standard tip or cu commands but all serial port access is directed via the portmanager Example To connect to port 8 via the portmanager pmshell I port08 pmshell Commands Once connected the pmshell command supports a subset of the escape commands that tip cu support For SSH you must prefix the escape with
136. e data until it is required to send data In RS 485 send mode it stops receiving enables its transmitters when there is data to be sent transmits the data and returns to receive mode This eliminates the possibility of collisions with other devices that share the RS 485 bus and avoids receiving stale echoed data D D 8 GND Figure 3 3 RS 485 wiring diagram for LES1102A 3 3 2 Non RS 232 Serial Port Pinouts LES1101A The one DB9 serial port on the LES1101A can be used as an RS 232 RS 485 or RS 422 port By default the LES1101A is configured in RS 232 mode with a vertical jumper in place on the left hand J1 pins a 2 Figure 3 4 RS 232 configuration for the DB9 port on the LES1101A To set the port in RS 422 or RS 485 mode you must remove the J1 jumper and then configure the Signaling Protocol using the Management Console The DB9 pinout is shown in Table 3 3 Table 3 3 DB9 pinout for LES1101A Pin Mode RS232 RS422 RS485 1 DCD DCD 2 RXD RX 3 TXD TX D 4 DTR DTR 5 GND GND GND 6 DSR RX 7 RTS TX D 8 CTS DCD 9 DTR 724 746 5500 blackbox com 17 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers 4 System Configuration This chapter provides step by step instructions for the console server s initial configuration and for connecting it to the Management or Operational LAN The Administrator must e Activate the Management Console e Change the Administrator password e Set the IP addr
137. e second class of users are those who have been set up by the Administrator with specific limits of their access and control authority These users are set up as members of the users user group or some other user groups the Administrator may have added They are only authorized to perform specified controls on specific connected devices and are referred to as Users These Users when authorized can access serial or network connected 10 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 2 Overview devices and control these devices using the specified services for example Telnet HHTPS RDP IPMI Serial over LAN Power Control An authorized User also has a limited view of the Management Console and can only access authorized configured devices and review port logs In this manual when the term user lower case is used it refers to both the above classes of users This document also uses the term remote users to describe users who are not on the same LAN segment as the console server These remote users may be Users who are on the road connecting to managed devices over the public Internet or it may be an Administrator in another office connecting to the console server itself over the enterprise VPN or the remote user may be in the same room or the same office but connected on a separate VLAN than the console server 2 4 Management Console The Management Console provides a view of the console server and all the connected devices Administrators can use
138. e time on a particular Gateway console server Each Gateway console server can support at least 50 such concurrent connections At any time you could have up to 50 users securely controlling an unlimited number of Managed Devices at a remote site through the on site console server Gateway 6 2 5 Manually Adding Hosts to the SDT Connector Gateway For each gateway you can manually specify the network connected hosts that you will access through that console server and for each host specify the services that you will use to communicate with the host E Select the newly added gateway and click the Host icon to create a host that will be accessible via this gateway Alternatively select File New Host 44 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 6 Secure SSH Tunneling and SDT Connector New SDT Host Host Address Services F HTTP Telnet F SSH VNC RDP Dell RAC Dell Server Administrator E Dell IT Assistant E SOL IBM RSA II _ IBM Director IBM AMM C HP iLO 2 VMWare Server TCP Port 1494 Serial 2 SSH E Serial 2 Telnet Serial 3 SSH Serial 3 Telnet Serial 4 SSH Serial 4 Telnet TCP Port 903 Descriptive Name Description Notes Figure 6 9 New SDT Host screen Enter the IP or DNS Host Address of the host if this is a DNS address it must be able to be resolved by the gateway Select
139. ecify TCP IP addresses on the Incoming TCP IP Properties screen select TCP IP Nominate a From and a To TCP IP address and click Next NOTES You can choose any TCP IP addresses so long as they are addresses that are not used anywhere else on your network The From address will be assigned to the Windows XP 2003 computer and the To address will be used by the console server For simplicity use the IP address as shown in the illustration above From 169 134 13 1 To 169 134 13 2 Or you can set the advanced connection and access on the Windows computer to use the console server defaults Specify 10 233 111 254 as the From address Select Allow calling computer to specify its own address Also you could use the console server default username and password when you set up the new Remote Desktop User and gave this User permission to use the advance connection to access the Windows computer 724 746 5500 blackbox com 61 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers NOTES continued The console server default Username is portXX where XX is the serial port number on the console server The default Password is portXX To use the defaults for a RDP connection to the serial port 2 on the console server you would have set up a Windows user named port02 When the PPP connection has been set up a network icon will appear in the Windows task bar NOTE The above notes describe setting up an incoming connection for Windows XP The steps are similar for
140. ect Add Rule 7e System Name M S A Firmware lt SBLACK BOX Uptime 0 d 1 mins 47 Curren NA NE TWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port Add a New Rule Users amp Groups Accessible Port s Authentication Select Unselect all Ports Network Hosts ee Trusted Networks Port1 Port 2 Cascaded Ports UPS Connections Network Address RPC CONRES The IP Address of the subnet to permit Environmental Managed Devices Network Mask 7 The subnet mask for the permitted IP range Alerts amp Logging Port Log Description Alerts A brief explanation of this entry SMTP amp SMS SNMP Apply Figure 5 18 Trusted networks screen Select the Accessible Port s that the new rule is to be applied to Then enter the Network Address of the subnet to be permitted access Then specify the range of addresses that are to be permitted by entering a Network Mask for that permitted IP range for example To permit all the users located with a particular Class C network for example 204 15 5 0 connection to the nominated port then you would add the following Trusted Network New Rule Network Address 2014 15 50 Network Mask 255 255 255 0 If you want to permit only the one user who is located at a specific IP address for example 204 15 5 13 say to connect Network Address 204 15 5 0 Network Mask 255 255 255 255 If however you want to allow all the users operating from within a specific range of IP addresses for examp
141. ect Manage Port Logs 7 5 Network TCP or UDP Port Logging The console server can be configured to log access to and communications with network attached Hosts For each Host when you set up the Permitted Services that you authorize to use you also must set up the level of logging to maintain for each service Specify the logging level to maintain for that particular TDC UDP port service on that particular Host LevelO Turns off logging for the selected TDC UDP port to the selected Host Level 1 Logs all connection events to the port 724 746 5500 blackbox com 73 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers Level 2 Logs all data transferred to and from the port Click Add then click Apply 74 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 8 Power Management 8 Power Management Black Box console servers manage embedded software that you can use to manage connected Power Distribution Systems PDUs IPMI devices and Uninterruptible Power Supplies UPSs supplied by a number of vendors 8 1 Remote Power Control RPC The console server Management Console monitors and controls Remote Power Control RPC devices using the embedded PowerMan and Network UPS Tools open source management tools and the Black Box power management software RPCs include power distribution units PDUs and IPMI power devices You can control serial PDUs invariably using their command line console so you could manage the PDU through the console server using a remote
142. ect your terminal emulator program to the IP address of the console server 192 168 0 1 by default Log on to the console server by pressing return a few times The console server will request a username and password Enter the username root and the password default You should now see the command line prompt which is a hash This chapter is not intended to teach you Linux We assume you already have a certain level of understanding before you execute Linux kernel level commands 118 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 14 Configuration from the Command Line The config tool Syntax config ahv d id g id p path r configurator s id value P id Description The config tool is designed to perform multiple actions from one command if needed so options can be chained together The config tool allows you to manipulate and query the system configuration from the command line Using config you can activate the new configuration by running the relevant configurator that performs the action needed to make the configuration changes live The custom user configuration is saved in the etc config config xml file This file is transparently accessed and edited when configuring the device using the Management Console browser GUI Only the user root can configure from the shell By default the config elements are separated by a character The root of the config tree is called lt config gt To
143. ected UPSes must first be connected to and configured to communicate with the console server For serial UPSes attach the UPS to the selected serial port on the console server From the Serial and Network Serial Port menu configure the Common Settings of that port with the RS 232 properties etc required by the UPS refer to Chapter 5 7 1 Common Settings Then select UPS as the Device Type For each network connected UPS go to the Serial amp Network Network Hosts menu and configure the UPS as a connected Host by specifying it as Device Type UPS and clicking Apply No such configuration is required for USB connected UPS hardware System Nam v 51216A n 2 8 0u2 X Uptime 0 dz 33 mins S Current User root lt BLACK BO NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port Users amp Groups Authentication Network Hosts Trusted Networks Cascaded Ports UPS Connections RPC Connections Environmental Managed Devices Alerts amp Logging Port Log Alerts SMTP amp SMS SNMP Select the Serial amp Network UPS Connections menu The Managed UPSes section will display all the UPS connections that have already been configured Click Add Managed UPS 80 Managed UPSes UPS Description Driver Username Connected Name Via No UPSes currently monitored Add Managed UPS Remote UPSes UPS Description Address Name No UPSes currently monitored AddRemote UPS Figure 8 7 UPS connections 724 7
144. ections The user can then take a range of actions using these serial network or power connections by selecting the Action icon or the related Manage menu item For example selecting the Manager Power icon or Manage Power from the menu would enable the user to power Off On Cycle any power outlet on any PDU the user has been given access privileges to refer to Chapter 8 for details JN System Name C el Firmware 2 8 0u2 K gt Uptime 0 days 5 s Current User 1 NETWORK SERVICES Manage Devices Target v Outlet Outlet1 1 PortLogs Select a power device to manage Host Logs Terminal Power _ Turn On Tumor CJ Cycle Status Perform an action on the power device Figure 13 2 Viewing specific connections 13 2 Port and Host Logs Administrators and Users can view logs of data transfers to connected devices Select Manage Port Logs and the serial Port to be displayed 724 746 5500 blackbox com 115 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers PANN System Name A BLACK BOX wan NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port Users amp Groups Port 1 Port2 Port3 Port4 PortS Port 6 Port7 Authentication Network Hosts Figure 13 3 Port logs To display Host logs select Manage Host Logs and the Host to be displayed 13 3 Serial Port Terminal Connection Pot9 Port 10 Port 11 Port 12 Port 13 Port 14 Port 15 Port8 Port 16 Administrator and Users can communicate directly with
145. ector will not auto configure the root and we recommend that you only use this account for initial config and to add an initial admin account to the console server 6 2 4 Make an SDT Connection through the Gateway to a Host Simply point at the host to be accessed and click on the service to use to access that host The SSH tunnel to the gateway is then automatically established the appropriate ports redirected through to the host and the appropriate local client application is launched pointing at the local endpoint of the redirection amp SDTConnector File Edit Help waze 5 208 64 91 182 Services HP iLO 2 HTTPS SSH IBM RSAII a Ip Power Web Management Dell Server 2003 DRAC4 HP 2003 Server iLO 2 Dell 2003 Server Dell 2003 Server BMC HP 2003 Server Local Services m m E E 0E a G Logging in to gateway 208 64 91 182 Figure 6 8 Services NOTE You can configure the SDT Connector client with an unlimited number of Gateways that is console servers You can configure each Gateway to port forward to an unlimited number of locally networked Hosts There is no limit on the number of SDT Connector clients that can be configured to access the one Gateway Nor are there limits on the number of Host connections that an SDT Connector client can concurrently have open through the one Gateway tunnel There is a limit on the number of SDT Connector SSH tunnels that can be open at the sam
146. ed setserial smtpclient stty stunel tcodump tftp tip traceroute Below are most of the standard uCLinux and BusyBox commands and some custom Black Box commands that are in the default build tree The Administrator can use these to configure the console server and monitor and manage attached serial console and host devices laddgroup Add a group or add an user to a group ladduser Add an user lagetty alternative Linux getty arp Manipulate the system ARP cache arping Send ARP requests replies bash GNU Bourne Again Shell busybox Swiss army knife of embedded Linux commands cat Concatenate FILE s and print them to stdout chat Useful for interacting with a modem connected to stdin stdout chgrp Change file access permissions chmod Change file access permissions chown Change file owner and group config Black Box tool to manipulate and query the system configuration from the command line cp Copy files and directories date Print or set the system date and time dd Convert and copy a file deluser Delete USER from the system df Report filesystem disk space usage idhcpd Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server discard Network utility that listens on the discard port dmesg Print or control the kernel ring buffer lecho Print the specified ARGs to stdout lerase Tool for erasing MTD partitions leraseall Tool for erasing entire MTD partitions false Do nothing unsuccessful find Search for files
147. ed protocols for example Telnet SSH and raw TCP 724 746 5500 blackbox com 145 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers If the standard system firewall configuration is not adequate for your needs you can bypass it safely by creating a file at etc config filter custom containing commands to build a specialized firewall This firewall script will run whenever the LAN interface is brought up including initially and will override any automated system firewall settings Below is a simple example of a custom script that creates a firewall using the jotables command Only incoming connections from computers on a C class network 192 168 10 0 will be accepted when this script is installed at etc config filter custom Note that when this script is called any pre existing chains and rules have been flushed from iptables bin sh Set default policies to drop any incoming or routable traffic and blindly accept anything from the 192 168 10 0 network iptables policy FORWARD DROP iptables policy INPUT DROP iptables policy OUTPUT ACCEPT Allow responses to outbound connections back in iptables append INPUT match state state ESTABLISHED RELATED jump ACCEPT Explicitly accept any connections from computers on 192 168 10 0 24 iptables append INPUT source 192 168 10 0 24 jump ACCEPT There s good documentation about using the jptables command at the Linux netfilter website http netfilter org documentation i
148. eececeeeeeeeeeeees 33 5 2 Add Edit Users 34 5 3 Authentication 136 5 4 Network Hosts 36 5 5 Trusted Networks anal 5 6 Serial Port Redirection asl B72 Managed ADI E E E EEE E E EE E E E ES 38 6 Secure SSH Tunnelingandl SDT COMMECOL sreninenrne a A ene aE aa 40 6 1 Configuring for SSH Tunneling to Hosts 41 6 2 SDT Connector Client Configuration 41 6 2 1 SDT Connector INStalla tones s sssier erie a tonecabedsgetebsceactagudeelecsubenecahitegedsbudentfebscastscaedipedebtbecstannlesetaputenttes 41 6 2 2 Configuring a New Console Server Gateway in the SDT Connector Client cececceceeceseeseceeseseeseeeseseeseseesesesesnesesieeesisenseeneneeneess 42 6 2 3 Auto Configure SDT Connector Client with the User s Access Privileges 43 6 2 4 Make an SDT Connection through the Gateway to the Host ee 44 6 2 5 Manually Adding Hosts to the SDT Connector Gateway 44 6 2 6 Manually Adding New Services to the New Hosts 0 2 A5 6 2 7 Adding a Client Program to be Started for the New Service 47 6 3 SDT Connector to Management Console 00 0 0 eeeeeeeeeeteteeeeeteeees 49 6 4 SDT Connector Telnet or SSH Connect to Serially Attached Devices 49 6 5 Using SDT Connector for Out of Band Connection to the Gateway ccccccccccccesssesesesessseseeeesessseseeesssssesnessssseseeteasasseseetessissestenesasseeees 50 6 6 Importing and Exporting Preferences nenien aE E REEE EREE REE
149. emotely connected UPS hardware using Network UPS Tools Network UPS Tools NUT is a group of open source programs that provide a common interface for monitoring and administering UPS hardware These programs ensure safe shutdowns of the systems that are connected NUT is built on a networked model with a layered scheme of drivers server and clients covered in some detail in Chapter 8 2 6 78 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 8 Power Management LES1102A Multiple local serial USB networked UPSes Managed UPS LES1102A Multiple remote Remote UPS UPSes Figure 8 5 Connecting to remote UPS 8 2 1 Managed UPS Connections A Managed UPS is a UPS that is directly connected as a Managed Device to the console server You can connect it via serial or USB cable or by the network The console server becomes the master of this UPS and runs a upsd server to allow other computers that are drawing power through the UPS slaves to monitor the UPS status and take appropriate action such as shutdown when the UPS battery is low Serial USB or network connections G UPS Figure 8 6 Managed UPS connections The console server may or may not be drawing power itself through the Managed UPS When the UPS s battery power reaches critical the console server signals and waits for slaves to shut down then powers off the UPS 724 746 5500 blackbox com 79 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers Serial and network conn
150. en establishing the connection the console server has to expose its identity to the user s browser using a cryptographic certificate The default certificate that comes with the console server device upon delivery is for testing purposes only The System Administrator should not rely on the default certificate as the secured global access mechanism for use through Internet Activate your preferred browser and enter https IP address Your browser may respond with a message that verifies the security certificate is valid but notes that it is not necessarily verified by a certifying authority To proceed you need to click yes if you are using Internet Explorer or select accept this certificate permanently or temporarily if you are using Mozilla Firefox You will then be prompted for the Administrator account and password as normal We recommend that you generate and install a new base64 X 509 certificate that is unique for a particular console server To do this the console server must be enabled to generate a new cryptographic key and the associated Certificate Signing Request CSR that needs to be certified by a Certification Authority CA A certification authority verifies that you are the person who you claim you are and signs and issues a SSL certificate to you To create and install a SSL certificate for the console server f RE System Name A Mode A Firmware 2 8 0u2 lt BLA K y4 Uptime 0 days 19 hours 3 s Current User root
151. enter a Description Add or edit the Permitted Services or TCP UDP port numbers that are authorized to be used in controlling this host Only these permitted services will be forwarded through by SDT to the Host All other services TCP UDP ports will be blocked The Logging Level specifies the level of information to be logged and monitored for each Host access refer to Chapter 7 Alerts and Logging If the Host is a PDU or UPS power device or a server with IPMI power control then specify RPC for IPMI and PDU or UPS and the Device Type The Administrator can then configure these devices and enable which users have permission to remotely cycle power etc refer to Chapter 8 Otherwise leave the Device Type set to None If the console server has been configured with distributed Nagios monitoring enabled then you will also be presented with Nagios Settings options to enable nominated services on the Host to be monitored refer to Chapter 10 Nagios Integration Click Apply This will create the new Host and also create a new Managed Device with the same name 36 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 5 Serial Port Host Device and User Configuration 5 5 Trusted Networks The Trusted Networks facility gives you an option to nominate specific IP addresses where users Administrators and Users must be located to access console server serial ports Select Serial amp Network Trusted Networks To add a new trusted network sel
152. er can edit and add delete these Managed Devices and their connections To edit an existing device and add a new connection e Select Edit on the Serial amp Network Managed Devices and click Add Connection 38 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 5 Serial Port Host Device and User Configuration e Select the connection type for the new connection Serial Network Host UPS or RPC and then select the specific connection from the presented list of configured unallocated hosts ports outlets To add a new network connected Managed Device The Administrator adds a new network connected Managed Device using Add Host on the Serial amp Network Network Host menu This automatically creates a corresponding new Managed Device as covered in Section 5 4 Network Hosts When adding a new network connected RPC or UPS power device you set up a Network Host designate it as RPC or UPS then go to RPC Connections or UPS Connections to configure the relevant connection A corresponding new Managed Device with the same Name Description as the RPC UPS Host is not created until you complete this connection step refer Chapter 8 Power Management NOTE The outlet names on this newly created PDU will by default be Outlet 1 and Outlet 2 When you connect a particular Managed Device that draws power from the outlet then the outlet will take the powered Managed Device s name To add a new serially connected Managed Device e Config
153. er in Chapter 5 Configuring Serial Ports 6 10 3 Setup SDT Connector to SSH Port Forward over the Console Server Serial Port In the SDT Connector software running on your remote computer specify the gateway IP address of your console server and a username password for a user you set up on the console server that has access to the desired port Next add a New SDT Host In the Host address put portxx where xx the port you are connecting to Example for port 1 you would have a Host Address of port01 Then select the RDP Service check box 6 11 SSH Tunneling Using other SSH Clients for example PUTTY As covered in the previous sections of this chapter we recommend that you use the SDT Connector client software that is supplied with the console server There s also a wide selection of commercial and free SSH client programs that can provide the secure SSH connections to the console servers and secure tunnels to connected devices PUTTY is a complete though not very user friendly freeware implementation of SSH for Win32 and UNIX platforms SSHTerm is a useful open source SSH communications package SSH Tectia is leading end to end commercial communications security solution for the enterprise Reflection for Secure IT formerly F Secure SSH is another good commercial SSH based security solution For example the steps on the next page show how to establish an SSH tunneled connection to a network connected device using the PuTTY client
154. ess console server s principal LAN port Select the network services that will be supported This chapter also discusses the communications software tools that the Administrator may use to access the console server 4 1 Management Console Connection Your console server is configured with a default IP Address 192 168 0 1 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 e Directly connect a PC or workstation to the console server NOTE For initial configuration we recommend that you connect the console server directly to a single PC or workstation However if you choose to connect your LAN before completing the initial setup steps e make sure that there are no other devices on the LAN with an address of 192 168 0 1 e make sure that the console server and the PC workstation are on the same LAN segment with no interposed router appliances 4 1 1 Connected PC Workstation Setup To configure the console server with a browser the connected PC workstation should have an IP address in the same range as the console server for example 192 168 0 100 e To configure the IP Address of your Linux or Unix PC workstation simply run ifconfig e For Windows PCs Win9x Me 2000 XP Windows NT Windows Vista Windows 7 Click Start gt Settings gt Control Panel and double click Network Connections for 95 98 Me double click Network Right click on Local Area Connection and select Properties Select Internet Protocol TCP IP and click Properties Select Use the following
155. ettings and enable supported protocols on the Seria amp Network Serial Port page 4 Configure users with access to serial ports on the Serial amp Network Users page Environmental Managed Devices Figure 4 3 Management console welcome screen A Welcome screen which lists four initial installation configuration steps will be displayed Change the default administration password on the System Administration page Chapter 4 Configure the local network settings on the System IP page Chapter 4 Ls 2 3 Configure port settings and enable them on the Serial amp Network Serial Port page Chapter 5 4 Configure users with access to serial ports on the Serial amp Network Users page Chapter 4 After completing each of the above steps you can return to the configuration list by clicking in the top left corner of the screen on the Black Box logo NOTE If you are not able to connect to the Management Console at 192 168 0 1 or if the default Username Password were not accepted then reset your console server refer to Chapter 11 4 2 Administrator Password For security reasons only the administrator user named root can initially log into your console server Only people who know the root password can access and reconfigure the console server itself However anyone who correctly guesses the root password could gain access and the default root password is default To avoid this enter and confirm a new root password bef
156. eveHons Out of band enabled for Remote IMG4004 Figure 6 20 OoB connection using SDT connector When you connect to a service on a host behind the console server or to the console server itself SDT Connector will initiate the OoB connection using the provided Start Command The OoB connection does not stop using the provided Stop Command until you click off Out Of Band under Gateway Actions then the status bar will return to its normal color 6 6 Importing and Exporting Preferences To enable the distribution of pre configured client config files SDT Connector has an Export Imporrt facility e To save a configuration xml file for backup or for importing into other SDT Connector clients select File gt Export Preferences and select the location where you want to save the configuration file amp SDTConnector File Edit Help ce New Gateway New Host Import Preferences EA Export Preferences exit Figure 6 21 Import preferences option e To import a configuration select File gt Import Preferences and select the xml configuration file to install 6 7 SDT Connector Public Key Authentication SDT Connector can authenticate against an SSH gateway using your SSH key pair instead of requiring you to enter your password This is known as public key authentication To use public key authentication with SDT Connector first you must add the public part of your SSH key pair to your SS
157. evice belongs Locality City odgen The City where the organization is located State Province utah The State or Province where the organization is located Country AM The country where the organization is located Email eng myco com The email address of a contact person for this device Challenge seeeeee Password An optional dependant on CA password Confirm seesee22 Password Confirmation of the challenge password Key Length 512 bits Length of generated key in bits Download Cancel CSR SSL Certificate File Certificate file issued by your CA Upload Figure 9 6 Upload button 724 746 5500 blackbox com 93 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers 10 Nagios Integration Nagios is a powerful highly extensible open source tool for monitoring network hosts and services The core Nagios software package will typically be installed on a server or virtual server the central Nagios server Console servers operate in conjunction with a central upstream Nagios server to distribute and monitor attached network hosts and serial devices They embed the NSCA Nagios Service Checks Acceptor and NRPE Nagios Remote Plug in Executor add ons this allows them to communicate with the central Nagios server so you won t need a dedicated slave Nagios server at remote sites Even if distributed monitoring is not required the console servers can be deployed locally alongside the Nagios monitoring host server to provide additio
158. external USB storage device unplug the storage device and reset to factory defaults see Section 11 1 If the configuration is stored on an internal USB storage device reset it to factory defaults using a specially prepared USB storage device The USB storage device must be formatted with a Windows FAT32 VFAT file system on the first partition or the entire disk most USB thumb drives are already formatted this way The file system must have the volume label OPG_DEFAULT Insert this USB storage device into an external USB port on the console server and reset to factory defaults as described in Section 12 1 After recovering your console server make sure the problem configuration is no longer selected for Load On Erase 724 746 5500 blackbox com 109 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers 12 Status Reports This chapter describes the dashboard feature and the status reports that are available Port Access and Active Users e Statistics e Support Reports e Syslog e Dashboard Other status reports that are covered elsewhere include e UPS Status Chapter 8 2 e RPC Status Chapter 8 1 12 1 Port Access and Active Users The Administrator can see which Users have access privileges with which serial ports Select the Status Port Access System Name A Model S 6A Firmware 2 8 0u2 IZN XK SBLACK BOX Uptime 0 day 0 ho 25 mins 9 secs Current User root X NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port Users
159. fessional and Vista you have only one Remote Desktop session and it connects directly to the Windows root console With Windows Server 2008 you can have multiple sessions and with Server 2003 you have three sessions the console session and two other general sessions More than one user can have active sessions on a single computer When the remote user connects to the accessed computer on the console session Remote Desktop automatically locks that computer no other user can access the applications and files When you come back to your computer at work you can unlock it by typing CTRL ALT DEL 6 8 2 Configure the Remote Desktop Connection Client Now that you have the Client PC securely connected to the console server either locally or remotely through the enterprise VPN or a secure SSH internet tunnel or a dial in SSH tunnel you can establish the Remote Desktop connection from the Client Simply enable the Remote Desktop Connection on the remote client PC then point it to the SDT Secure Tunnel port in the console server On a Windows client PC Click Start Point to Programs then to Accessories then Communications and click Remote Desktop Connection ixi Remote Desktop Connection Computer 192 168 2 19 Username WINSERVER 2 Bill You will be asked for credentials when you connect Figure 6 24 Remote Desktop Connection 54 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 6 Secure SSH Tunneling and SDT Connector
160. fig eventlog server type none syslog nfs cifs usb If the server type is set to usb none of the other values need to be set The mount point for storing on a remote USB device is var run portmanager logdir The following command will synchronize the live system with the new configuration config a 14 13 Alerts You can add an email SNMP or NAGIOS alert by following the steps below The general settings for all alerts Assume this is our second alert and we want to send alert emails to john Black Box com and sms s to peter Black Box com config s config alerts alert2 description MySecondAlert config s config alerts alert2 email john Black Box com config s config alerts alert2 email2 peter Black Box com To use NAGIOS to notify of this alert config s config alerts alert2 nsca enabled on To use SNMP to notify of this alert config s config alerts alert2 snmp enabled on Increment the total alerts config s config alerts total 2 Below are the specific settings depending on the type of alert required Connection Alert To trigger an alert when a user connects to serial port 5 or network host 3 config s config alerts alert2 host3 host name config s config alerts alert2 port5 on config s config alerts alert2 sensor temp config s config alerts alert2 signal DSR config s config alerts alert2 type login Signal Alert To trigger an alert when a signal changes state on port 1 config s config alert
161. flashw rite data to individual flash devices flatfsd Daemon to save RAM file systems back to FLASH ftp Internet file transfer program gen keys SSH key generation program getopt Parses command options gettyd Getty daemon grep Print lines matching a pattern gunzip Compress or expand files gzip Compress or expand files hd ASCII decimal hexadecimal octal dump hostname Get or set hostname or DNS domain name httpd Listen for incoming HTTP requests hwclock Query and set hardware clock RTC inetd Network super server daemon inetd echo Network echo utility init Process control initialization ip Show or manipulate routing devices policy routing and tunnels ipmitool Linux IPMI manager iptables Administration tool for IPv4 packet filtering and NAT 724 746 5500 blackbox com 161 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers ip6tables iptables save kill In login loopback loopback1 loopback2 loopback8 loopback16 loopback48 Is mail mkdir mkfs jffs2 mknod more mount msmtp mv nc netflash netstat ntpd pgrep pidof ping ping6 pkill pmchat pmdeny pminetd pmloggerd pmshell pmusers portmanager portmap pppd ps pwd reboot rm rmdir routed routed routef routel rtacct rtmon scp sed setmac setserial ish showmac 162 iptables restore Administration tool for IPv6 packet filtering Restore IP Tables Save IP Tables Send a signal to a process to end g
162. from authorized senders You might need to assign a specific authorized email address for the console server You may also enter a Username and Password because some SMS gateway service providers use SMTP servers which require authentication You can specify the specific Subject Line that will be sent with the email Generally the email subject will contain a truncated version of the alert notification message which is contained in full in the body of the email However some SMS gateway service providers require blank subjects or require specific authentication headers to be included in the subject line Click Apply to activate SMTP 7 1 3 SNMP Alerts The Administrator can configure the Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP agent that resides on the console server to send SNMP trap alerts to an NMS management application Select Alerts amp Logging SNMP Enter the SNMP transport protocol SNMP is generally a UDP based protocol though infrequently it uses TCP instead Enter the IP address of the SNMP Manager and the Port to use for connecting default 162 Select the version being used The console server SNMP agent supports SNMP v1 v2 and v3 Enter the Community name for SNMP v1 or 2c An SNMP community is the group that devices and management stations running SNMP belong to It helps define where information is sent SNMP default communities are private for Write and public for Read 68 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 7 A
163. g system snmp password password v3 only contig s config system snmp version 1 2c 3 The following command will synchronize the live system with the new configuration config a 14 16 Administration To change the administration settings to System Name og mydomain com System Password root account secret Description Device in office 2 config s config system name og mydomain com config P config system password will prompt user for a password config s config system location Device in office 2 NOTE The P parameter will prompt the user for a password and encrypt it You can encrypt the value of any config element using the P parameter but only encrypted user passwords and system passwords are supported If any other element value were to be encrypted the value will become inaccessible and will have to be reset The following command will synchronize the live system with the new configuration config a 14 17 IP Settings To configure the primary network interface with static settings IP address 192 168 0 23 Netmask 255 255 255 0 Default gateway 192 168 0 1 DNS server 1 192 168 0 1 DNS server 2 192 168 0 2 config s config interfaces wan address 192 168 0 23 config s config interfaces wan netmask 255 255 255 0 config s config interfaces wan gateway 192 168 0 1 config s config interfaces wan dns1 192 168 0 1 config s config interfaces wan dns2 192 168 0 2 132 724 746 5500 b
164. ges Syslog Priority Default v Syslog priority level to use on logging messages Apply Figure 5 14 Syslog setting screen For example if the computer attached to serial port 3 should never send anything out on its serial console port the Administrator can set the Facility for that port to ocal0 localo local1 are for site local values and the Priority to critical At this priority if the console server syslog server does receive a message it will automatically raise an alert Refer to Chapter 7 Alerts and Logging 724 746 5500 blackbox com 33 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers 5 2 Add Edit Users The Administrator uses this menu selection to set up edit and delete users and to define the access permissions for each of these users Nd System Name Model A Firmware 2 8 0u2 P BLA K B Uptime 0 days 2 hours 7 mins s Current User roo NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port Groups Users amp Groups Name Description Authentication Network Hosts admin Provides users with unlimited configuration and management Trusted Networks privil Cascaded Ports UPS Connections RPC Connections s with basic management privileges Environmental Add Group Managed Devices Users Alerts amp Logging 7 Port Log Username Group Description Alerts No users currently configured SMTP amp SMS i j SNMP Add User Figure 5 15 Users and Groups screen Users can be authorized to access specified con
165. gios alert option On the trigger condition for matched patterns logins power events and signal changes an NSCA check warning result will be sent to the central Nagios server This condition is displayed on the Nagios status screen and triggers a notification which can cause the Nagios central server itself to send out an email or an SMS page etc 7 2 2 Configuring General Alert Types Next you must select the Alert Type Connection Signal Pattern Match UPS Power Status and Power Sensor to monitor You can configure a selection of different Alert types and any number of specific triggers Connection Alert This alert will be triggered when a user connects or disconnects from the applicable Host or Serial Port or when a Slave connects or disconnects from the applicable UPS and you must specify the applicable connections to Apply Alert To 70 724 746 5500 blackbox com SSL Certificates Configuration Backup Firmware IP Date amp Time Dial Senices DHCP Server Nagios Configure Dashboard Status Port Access Active Users Statistics Support Report Syslog UPS Status RPC Status Environmental Status Dashboard Manage Devices PortLogs Host Logs Power Terminal Chapter 7 Alerts and Logging Alert Type Connection Alert An alert will be triggered when a user connects or disconnects from the applicable Host or Serial Port Signal Alert An alert will be triggered when a signal changes state
166. h to save the key home user ssh id_ rsa dsa Enter passphrase empty for no passphrase Enter same passphrase again Your identification has been saved in home user ssh id_ rsa dsa Your public key has been saved in home user ssh id_ rsa dsa pub The key fingerprint is 28 aa 29 38 ba 40 14 11 5e 3f d4 fa e5 36 14 d6 user server It is advisable to create a new directory to store your generated keys It is also possible to name the files after the device they will be used for For example mkdir keys ssh keygen t rsa Generating public private rsa key pair Enter file in which to save the key home user ssh id_rsa home user keys control_room Enter passphrase empty for no passphrase Enter same passphrase again Your identification has been saved in home user keys control_room Your public key has been saved in home user keys control_room pub The key fingerprint is 28 aa 29 38 ba 40 f4 1 1 5e 3f d4 fa 5 36 14 d6 user server You should ensure there is no password associated with the keys If there is a password then the console servers will have no way to supply it as runtime Authorized Keys If the console server selected to be the server will only have one client device then the authorized _keys file is simply a copy of the public key for that device If one or more devices will be clients of the server then the authorized_keys file will contain a copy of all of the public keys RSA and DSA keys
167. hat was set up as accessible to the Group NOTE There are no specific limits on the number of users you can set up nor on the number of users per serial port or host Multiple users Users and Administrators can control monitor one port or host There are no specific limits on the number of Groups Each user can be a member of anumber of Groups they take on the cumulative access privileges of each of those Groups A user does not have to be a member of any Groups but if the User is not even a member of the default user group then he will not be able to use the Management Console to manage ports The time allowed to re configure increases as the number and complexity increases We recommend that you keep the aggregate number of users and groups under 250 The Administrator can also edit the access settings for any existing users Select Serial amp Network Users amp Groups and click Edit for the User to be modified NOTE For more information on enabling the SDT Connector so each user has secure tunneled remote RPD VNC Telnet HHTP HTTPS SoL access to the network connected hosts refer to Chapter 6 724 746 5500 blackbox com 35 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers 5 3 Authentication Refer to Chapter 9 1 Authentication Configuration for authentication configuration details 5 4 Network Hosts To access a locally networked computer or device referred to as a Host you must identify the Host and specify the TCP or UDP ports serv
168. he Control Panel and click the Remote tab System Properties General Computer Name Hardware Advanced ___ System Restore Automatic Updates Remote Select the ways that this computer can be used from another 43 location Remote Assistance C Allow Remote Assistance invitations to be sent from this computer What is Remote Assistance Remote Desktop Allow users to connect remotely to this computer Full computer name Bigbob What is Remote Desktop Select Remote Users For users to connect remotely to this computer the user account must have a password Windows Firewall will be configured to allow Remote Desktop connections to this computer Figure 6 22 System Properties screen Check Allow users to connect remotely to this computer Click Select Remote Users 724 746 5500 blackbox com 53 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers Remote Desktop Users The users listed below can connect to this computer and any members of the Administrators group can connect even if they are not listed Remote Bob Figure 6 23 Remote Desktop Users dialog box To set the user s who can remotely access the system with RDP click Add on the Remote Desktop Users dialog box NOTE If you need to set up new users for Remote Desktop access open User Accounts in the Control Panel and follow the steps to nominate the new user s name password and account type Administrator or Limited NOTE With Windows XP Pro
169. he IPMI protocol options and the SNMP RPC Types currently supported by the embedded Network UPS Tools If you are connecting to the RPC by a serial port you will be presented with all the serial RPC types currently supported by the embedded PowerMan and the Black Box power manager 76 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 8 Power Management gt APC 24 Port APPv2 6 5 AOSv2 6 4 24 outlets APC 24 Port APPv3 3 3 AOSv3 4 4 24 outlets APC 7900 8 outlets APC 8 Port AP9210 8 outlets APC 8 Port APP v2 0 0 A0Sv2 5 4 8 outlets APC 8 Port APPv2 0 2 A0Sv2 5 3 8 outlets APC 8 Port APPv2 2 0 A0Sv3 0 3 8 outlets SR Se APC PDU 24 outlets lt BLACK BOX TAEA N Baytech Serial Devices 8 outlets NETWORK SERVICES Cyclades PM10 10 outlets Cyclades PM20 20 outlets Cyclades PM8 8 outlets Dataprobe CP 815 8 outlets Digital Loggers 8 outlets Serial amp Network HP 3488 1 outlets Serial Port Add RPC IBM Blade Center 15 outlets IBM H8 1 outlet AaS onis Connected Via Ics pA 6 nan mR IP Power 9258 via RS232 4 outlets hevice Linux Networx ICE Box v2 x 10 outlets Trusted Networks RPC T a z ype Linux Networx ICE Box v3 x v4 x 10 outlets N Cascaded Ports Measurement Computing Corp CB 7050 8 outlets UPS Connections MicroEnergetics RPC S6 6 outlets RPC Connections Name Phantom v3 v4 1 outlets Environmental Rose UltraPower 12 outlets Managed Devices Server Technology
170. he alert will be mailed to the address configured in the system administration section When a user connects to any port If a file called etc config pmshell start sh exists it is run when a user connects to a port It is provided 2 arguments the Port number and the Username Here is a simple example lt etc config omshell start sh gt bin sh PORT 1 USER 2 echo Welcome to port PORT USER lt etc config omshell start sh gt The return value from the script controls whether the user is accepted or not if 0 is returned or nothing is done on exit as in the above script the user is permitted otherwise the user is denied access Here is a more complex script which reads from configuration to display the port label if available and denies access to the root user lt etc config pmshell start sh gt bin sh PORT 1 USER 2 LABEL config g config ports port PORT label cut f2 d if SUSER root J then echo Permission denied for Super User exit 7 fi if z LABEL J then echo Welcome USER you are connected to Port PORT else echo Welcome USER you are connected to Port PORT LABEL 144 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 15 Advanced Configuration fi lt etc config pmshell start sh gt 15 3 Raw Access to Serial Ports 15 3 1 Access to Serial Ports You can use tip and stty to completely bypass the portmanager and have raw access to the serial ports When you run ti
171. he appropriate RPC s Targets connected to RPC s that could not be contacted e g due to network failure are reported as status unknown If possible output will be compressed into host ranges n node Query node power status of targets if implemented by RPC If no targets specified query all targets In this context a node in the OFF state could be ON at the plug but operating in standby power mode b beacon Query beacon status if implemented by RPC If no targets are specified query all targets t temp Query node temperature if implemented by RPC If no targets are specified query all targets Temperature information is not interpreted by powerman and is reported as received from the RPC on one line per target prefixed by target name h help Display option summary L license Show powerman license information d destination host port Connect to a powerman daemon on non default host and optionally port V version Display the powerman version number and exit D device Displays RPC status information If targets are specified only RPC s matching the target list are displayed T telemetry Causes RPC telemetry information to be displayed as commands are processed Useful for debugging device scripts x exorange Expand host ranges in query responses For more details refer http linux die net man 1 powerman Also refer powermand http linux die net man 1 powermand documentation and powerman co
172. he console server as a distributed Nagios server e Chapter 11 System Management Covers access to and configuration of services that will run on the console server e Chapter 12 Status Reports View a dashboard summary and detailed status and logs of serial and network connected devices ports hosts power and environment e Chapter 13 Management Includes port controls that Users can access e Chapter 14 Basic Configuration Command line installation and configuration using the config command e Chapter 15 Advanced Config More advanced command line configuration activities where you will need to use Linux commands The latest update of this manual can be found online at www Black Box com download html e Appendix Linux Commands and Source Code 2 3 Types of Users The console server supports two classes of users First there are the administrative users who will be authorized to configure and control the console server and to access and control all the connected devices These administrative users will be set up as members of the admin user group and any user in this class is referred to generically in this manual as the Administrator An Administrator can access and control the console server using the config utility the Linux command line or the browser based Management Console By default the Administrator has access to all services and ports to control all the serial connected devices and network connected devices hosts Th
173. he first is to have scripts to support the particular RPC included in either the open source PowerMan project http sourceforge net projects oowerman or the open source NUT UPS Tools project The PowerMan device specifications are rather weird and it is suggested that you leave the actual writing of these scripts to the PowerMan authors Documentation on how they work can be found at http linux die net man 5 powerman dev The Network UPS Tools NUT project has recently moved on from its UPS management origins to also cover SNMP PDUs and embrace PowerMan Black Box progressively includes the updated PowerMan and NUT build into the console server firmware releases The second path is to directly add support for the new RPC devices or to customize the existing RPC device support on your particular console server The Manage Power page uses information contained in etc oowerstrips xm to configure and control devices attached to a serial port The configuration also looks for and loads etc config powerstrips xm1 if it exists The user can add his own support for more devices by putting definitions for them into etc config powerstrips xml This file can be created on a host system and copied to the Management Console device using scp Alternatively login to the Management Console and use ftp or wget to transfer files Here is a brief description of the elements of the XML entries in etc config powerstrips xml lt powerstrip gt lt id
174. hosts is accessed Select Serial and Network Authentication and check TACAS or LocalTACACS or TACACSLocal or TACACSDownLocal 724 746 5500 blackbox com 87 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers Administration TACACS SSL Certificates Authentication and Configuration Backup Authorisation Server Firmware Address Comma separated list of remote authentiction and authorization servers IP Date amp Time Accounting Server Address Dial g servers If unset Authentication and Services DHCP Server Nagios Server Password Configure Dashboard The shared secret allowing access to the authentication server Status Confirm Password PortAccess Re enter the above password for confirmation Active Users Figure 9 2 TACACS screen Enter the Server Address IP or host name of the remote Authentication Authorization server Multiple remote servers may be specified in a comma separated list Each server is tried in succession In addition to multiple remote servers you can also enter separate lists of Authentication Authorization servers and Accounting servers If no Accounting servers are specified the Authentication Authorization servers are used instead Enter the Server Password Click Apply TACAS remote authentication will now be used for all user access to console server and serially or network attached devices TACACS The Terminal Access Controller Access Control System TACACS security protocol is a recent protocol developed by Cisc
175. ial Port Pinouts LES1102A Definition Received Line Signal Detector Received Data Transmitted Data Data Terminal Ready Signal Ground Data Set Ready Request To Send Clear To Send Ring Indicator Port 2 on the LES1102A can also be software selected to be an RS 485 or RS 422 port connected through the screw terminal block pinout shown in Table 3 2 Table 3 2 Non RS 232 serial port pinout for the LES1102A IN adatt OWO OUT RS422 485 1 ONAUNBRWN gt Serial 1 Serial 2 V DC IN GND RX RX TX TX 3 3V DC OUT GND www blackbox com 1102 Secure Device Server Figure 3 2 Front panel of the LES1102A showing pinout connections on the left side RS 422 uses a full duplex transmit on TX TX pair receive on RX RX pair RS 485 uses half duplex over single pair The LES1102A supports half duplex party line communications over a 2 wire RS 485 bus D D This is enabled by choosing the RS 485 option instead of RS 232 or RS 422 for Signaling Protocol from the Serial Port Configuration link on the 16 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 3 Installation Web management console Two short cable loops are also required between the RX TX pins and RX TX pins This is because the LES1102A uses universal differential transceivers that support 4 wire RS 422 and 2 wire RS 485 operation In RS 485 mode Port 2 on the LES1102A listens on the 2 wire bus for receiv
176. ial devices top Provide a view of process activity in real time Itouch Change file timestamps traceroute Print the route packets take to network host itraceroute6 Traceroute for IPv6 true Returns an exit code of TRUE 0 umount Unmount file systems uname Print system information lusleep Delay for a specified amount of time vconfig Create and remove virtual ethernet devices vi Busybox clone of the VI text editor lw Show who is logged on and what they are doing zcat Identical to gunzip c Commands above which are appended with come from BusyBox the Swiss Army Knife of embedded Linux http www busybox net downloads BusyBox html Others are generic Linux commands and most commands the h or help argument to provide a terse runtime description of their behavior More details on the generic Linux commands can found online at http en tldp org HOWTO HOWTO INDEX howtos html and http www fags org docs Linux HOWTO Remote Serial Console HOWTO htm An updated list of the commands may found using Is command to view all the commands actually available in the bin directory in your console server There were a number of Black Box tools listed above that make it simple to configure the console server and make sure the changes are stored in the console server s flash memory etc These commands are covered in the previous chapters and include config which allows manipulation and querying of the system configurati
177. ial up connection under Windows use the following Start Command cmd c start Starting Out of Band Connection wait min rasdial network_connection login password where network_connection is the name of the network connection as displayed in Control Panel gt Network Connections login is the dial in username and password is the dial in password for the connection To initiate a pre configured dial up connection under Linux use the following Start Command pon network_connection where network_connection is the name of the connection Enter the command or path to a script to stop the OoB connection in Stop Command To stop a pre configured dial up connection under Windows use the following Stop Command cmd c start Stopping Out of Band Connection wait min rasdial network_connection disconnect where network connection is the name of the network connection as displayed in Control Panel gt Network Connections To stop a pre configured dial up connection under Linux use the following Stop Command poff network_connection To make the OoB connection using SDT Connector Select the console server and click Out Of Band The status bar will change color to indicate that this console server is now accessed using the OoB link rather than the primary link 724 746 5500 blackbox com 51 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers SDTConnector File Edit Help S228 F amp 208 64 91 182 Gateway Actions CHR IMG Siasii Coord Ret
178. ices that will be used to control that Host Selecting Serial amp Network Network Hosts presents all the network connected Hosts that have been enabled for access and the related access TCP ports services Click Add Host to enable access to a new Host or select Edit to update the settings for an existing Host System Name A Model Firmware Uptime 0 d 13 mi Current User rc NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port IP Address DNS Users amp Groups Home The host s IP Address or DNS name Authentication Network Hosts Host Name Trusted Networks A descriptive name to identify the host Cascaded Ports UPS Connections Description Notes RPC Connacions A brief description of the host Environmental Managed Devices Permitted 22 tcp ssh 0 ene 23 tcp telnet 0 Alerts amp Logging 80 tcp http 0 PortLog 443 tcp https 0 Alerts 1494 tcp ica 0 SMTP amp SMS 3389 tcp rdp 0 SNMP 5900 tcp vnc 0 a Remove System TCP Administration UDP Port SSL Certificates Configuration Backup level 0 Disabled Firmware Add IP The TCP services available from this host Date amp Time Dial Services DHCP Server Device Settings Nagios Device Type Configure Dashboard ane device type UPS Status Part Acrass Apply a Figure 5 17 Network hosts screen Enter the IP Address or DNS Name and a Host Name up to 254 alphanumeric characters for the new network connected Host and optionally
179. ification The default is 3 which specifies RAKP HMAC SHA1 authentication HMAC SHA1 96 integrity and AES CBC 128 encryption algorightms E The remote server password is specified by the environment variable PM _PASSWORD f lt password_file gt Specifies a file containing the remote server password If this option is absent or if password_file is empty the password will default to NULL h Get basic usage help from the command line H lt address gt Remote server address can be IP address or hostname This option is required for an and lanplus interfaces l lt interface gt Selects IPMI interface to use Supported interfaces that are compiled in are visible in the usage help output L lt privivi gt Force session privilege level Can be CALLBACK USER OPERATOR ADMIN Default is ADMIN m lt ocal_address gt Set the local IPMB address The default is 0x20 and there should be no need to change it for normal operation o lt oemtype gt Select OEM type to support This usually involves minor hacks in place in the code to work around quirks in various BMCs from various manufacturers Use o list to see a list of current supported OEM types 158 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 15 Advanced Configuration p lt port gt Remote server UDP port to connect to Default is 623 P lt password gt Remote server password is specified on the command line If supported it will be obscured in the process list Note Specifying the passw
180. ignal changes state OHOP Sopor Pattern Match Nagios ae An alert will be trigg a regular expression is found in the serial ports character stream Configure Dashboard UPS Power n An alert will be triggered when the UPS power status changes between on line on battery and low batten Port Access Active Users Environmental alanes aekin An alert will be trig tthe value s below Support Report Sensor Alert Syslog Alarm Sensor UPS Status Alert RPC Status Environmental Status Dashboard An alert will be triggered when an alarm condition occurs Alert Trigger Settings Manage Devices Pattern PortLogs A regular expression to match against log Host Logs Figure 7 8 Serial port pattern match alert UPS Power Status Alert This alert will be triggered when the UPS power status changes between on line on battery and low battery This status will only be monitored on the Applicable UPS es you select Power Alert next section 7 2 3 Configuring Power Alert Type This alert type monitors UPSes RPCs and power devices Port Access sirpa Environmentaland Power Statistics Sensor Alert An alert will be triggered at the value s below re Alarm Sensor Alert Syslog ups Suks An alert will be triggered when an alarm condition occurs RPC Status Environmental Status Dashboard Alert Trigger Settings Manage Sensor Type Temperature v Devices e to alert on Port Logs Humidity Host Logs Set Point Low Power Load X
181. igured for John but there is an admin group dashboard configured then you will see the admin group dashboard instead If there is no user dashboard or admin group dashboard configured then you will see the default dashboard The root user does not have its own dashboard Use the above configuration options to enable admin users to setup their own custom dashboards The Dashboard displays six widgets These widgets include each of the Status screens alerts devices ports ups rpc and environmental status and a custom script screen The admin user can configure which of these widget is to be displayed where Go to the Dashboard layout panel and select which widget is to be displayed in each of the six display locations widget 6 Click Apply System Name M Firmware 0u2 X Uptime 0 days 2 S 49 mins Current User root NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port Dashboard Layout Configure Widgets Users amp Groups Authentication Network Hosts Trusted Networks Select Widget Alerts s Select Widget Cascaded Ports h Select which widget to display in this UPS Connections RPC Connections Environmental Select Widget Active Users v Select Widget UPS Managed Devices s Configuring Dashboard for group admin position Select which widget to display in this Select which widget to display in this positior positior S Widget RPC gt t Widget Alerts j Select which widget to display in this SMTP amp SMS posi
182. ing For Black Box console servers the keys can be simply uploaded through the web interface on the System Administration page This enables you to upload stored RSA or DSA Public Key pairs to the Master and apply the Authorized key to the slave and is described in Chapter 4 Once complete you then proceed to Fingerprinting as described below SSH RSA Public CBrwse Key Upload a replacement RSA public key file SSH RSA Private Browse Key Upload a replacement RSA private key file SSH DSA Public Browse Key Upload a replacement DSA public key file SSH DSA Private CBrowse Key Upload a replacement DSA private key file SSH Authorized Browse Keys Upload a replacement authorized keys file 15 6 4 Installing SSH Public Key Authentication Linux Alternately the public key can be installed on the unit remotely from the linux host with the scp utility as follows Assuming the user on the Management Console is called fred the IP address of the console server is 192 168 0 1 default and the public key is on the inux unix computer in ssh id_dsa pub Execute the following command on the inux unix computer scp ssh id_dsa pub root 192 168 0 1 etc config users fred ssh authorized_keys The authorized_keys file on the console server needs to be owned by fred so login to the Management Console as root and type chown fred etc contig users fred ssh auth
183. ion Modules PAM is a flexible mechanism for authenticating users A number of new ways of authenticating users have become popular The challenge is that each time a new authentication scheme is developed you need to rewrite all the necessary programs login ftpd etc to support it PAM provides a way to develop programs that are independent of authentication scheme These programs need authentication modules to be attached to them at run time in order to work Which authentication module is attached depends on the local system setup and is at the discretion of the local Administrator The console server family supports PAM with the following modules added for remote authentication RADIUS pam_radius_auth http www freeradius org pam_ radius auth TACACS pam_tacplus http echelon pl pubs pam_tacplus html LDAP pam_Idap http www padl com OSS pam_Idap html Further modules can be added as required Changes may be made to files in etc config pam d that will persist even if the authentication configurator runs Users added on demand When a user attempts to log in but does not already have an account on the console server a new user account will be created This account will have no rights and no password set It will not appear in the Black Box configuration tools Automatically added accounts will not be able to log in if the remote servers are unavailable RADIUS users are currently assumed to have access to all resources
184. ireless modem directly attached to the gateway Out of band access enables you to access the hosts and serial devices on the network diagnose any connectivity issues and restore the gateway s primary link In SDT Connector to configure OoB access you provide the secondary IP address of the gateway and tell SDT Connector how to start and stop the OoB connection You can start an OoB connection by initiating a dial up connection or adding an alternate route to the gateway SDT Connector allows for maximum flexibility It allows you to provide your own scripts or commands for starting and stopping the OoB connection 50 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 6 Secure SSH Tunneling and SDT Connector New SDT Gateway General Out Of Band Remote UDP Gateway Secondary Address Port 22 Start Command _ onnection wait min rasdial OOB login password Stop Command lit min rasdial network_connection login password CA ce Figure 6 19 Out of band access To configure SDT Connector for OoB access When adding a new Gateway or editing an existing Gateway select the Out Of Band tab Enter the secondary OoB IP address of the gateway for example the IP address it is using when dialed in directly You also may modify the gateway s SSH port if it s not using the default of 22 Enter the command or path to a script to start the OoB connection in Start Command To initiate a pre configured d
185. ironmental monitors Some models also log access and communications with network attached hosts and maintain a history of the UPS and PDU power status f port logs are to be maintained on a remote server then configure the access path to this location Section 7 3 Then you need to activate and set the desired levels of logging for each serial Section 7 4 and or network port Section 7 5 and or power UPS refer to Chapter 8 7 1 Configure SMTP SMS SNMP Nagios Alert Service The Alerts facility monitors nominated ports hosts UPSs PDUSs EMDs etc for trigger conditions When triggered the facility sends an alert notification over the nominated alert service Before setting up the alert trigger configure these alert services 7 1 1 Email Alerts The console server uses SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol for sending the email alert notifications To use SMTP the Administrator must configure a valid SMTP server for sending the email Select Alerts amp Logging SMTP amp SMS System Name A BLACK BOX 55 NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port SMTP Server Users amp Groups Server Authentication Network itesis The outgoing mail server address Trusted Networks Secure Cascaded Ports Connection UPS Connections RPC Connections SSL Environmental Managed Devices If this server uses a secure connection specify its type None Sender Alerts amp Logging Port Log The from address which will appea
186. is could be observed and then used to attack the remote system We recommend that IPMI password management only be done over IPMlv2 0 anplus interface or the system interface on the local station For IPMI v1 5 the maximum password length is 16 characters Passwords longer than 16 characters will be truncated For IPMI v2 0 the maximum password length is 20 characters longer passwords are truncated COMMANDS help This can be used to get command line help on jpmitoo commands It may also be placed at the end of commands to get option usage help jpmitool help Commands raw Send a RAW IPMI request and print response lan Configure LAN Channels chassis Get chassis status and set power state event Send pre defined events to MC mc Management Controller status and global enables sdr Print Sensor Data Repository entries and readings sensor Print detailed sensor information fru Print built in FRU and scan SDR for FRU locators sel Print System Event Log SEL pef Configure Platform Event Filtering PEF sol Configure IPMIv2 0 Serial over LAN isol Configure IPMIv1 5 Serial over LAN user Configure Management Controller users channel Configure Management Controller channels session Print session information 724 746 5500 blackbox com 159 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers exec Run list of commands from file set Set runtime variable for shell and exec jpmitool chassis help Chassis Commands status power identify
187. istributions while Windows users can use something like the PSCP command line utility available with PUTTY You can install remotely the files created in the steps above with the scp utility as follows scp ssl_key pem root lt address of unit gt etc contig scp ssl_cert pem root lt address of unit gt etc contig or using PSCP pscp scp ssl_key pem root lt address of unit gt etc contig pscp scp ssl_cert pem root lt address of unit gt etc config PuTTY and the PSCP utility can be downloaded from http www chiark greenend org uk sgqtatham putty download html More detailed documentation on the PSCP can be found http the earth li sqtatham putty 0 58 htmldoc Chapter5 html psc 15 8 4 Launching the HTTPS Server Note that the easiest way to enable the HTTPS server is from the web Management Console Simply click the appropriate checkbox in Network gt Services gt HTTPS Server and the HTTPS server will be activated assuming the ss _key pem amp ss _cert pem files exist in the etc config directory Alternatively inetd can be configured to launch the secure fnord server from the command line of the unit as follows Edit the inetd configuration file From the unit command line vi etc config inetd conf Append a line 443 stream tcp nowait root sslwrap cert etc config ss _cert pem key etc config ssl_key pem exec bin httpd home httpd Save the file and signal inetd of the configuration change kill HUP cat
188. k Ping Click check host alive ick New Check and select Check Permitted TCP Select Port 3389 ick New Check and select Check TCP Select Port 443 C C Click New Check and select Check TCP Select Port 80 C C ick Apply Similarly you now must configure the serial port to the router to be monitored by Nagios Select Serial Port from the Serial amp Network menu Locate the serial port that has the router console port attached and click Edit Make sure the serial port settings under Common Settings are correct and match the attached router s console port Click Console server Mode and select Logging Level 1 Check Telnet SSH access is not required as SDT Connector is used to secure the otherwise insecure Telnet connection Scroll down to Nagios Settings and check Enable Nagios Check Port Log and Serial Status Click Apply Now you can set the console server to send alerts to the Nagios server Select Alerts from the Alerts amp Logging menu and click Add Alert In Description enter Administrator connection Check Nagios NSCA In Applicable Ports check the serial port that has the router console port attached In Applicable Hosts check the IP address DNS name of the IIS server Click Connection Alert Click Apply 724 746 5500 blackbox com 97 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers Finally you need to add a User for the client running SDT Connector Select Users amp Groups from the Serial amp Network
189. lackbox com Chapter 14 Configuration from the Command Line config s config interfaces wan mode static config s config interfaces wan media Auto 100baseTx FD 100baseTx HD 10baseT HD 10baseT FD To enable bridging between all interfaces config s config system bridge enabled on To enable IPv6 for all interfaces config s config system ipv6 enabled on To configure the management LAN interface use the same commands as above but replace config interfaces wan with config interfaces lan NOTE Not all devices have a management LAN interface To configure a failover device in case of an outage config s config interfaces wan failover address1 ip address config s config interfaces wan failover address2 ip address config s config interfaces wan failover interface eth1 console modem The network interfaces can also be configured automatically config s config interfaces wan mode dhcp config s config interfaces lan mode dhco The following command will synchronize the live system with the new configuration bin config run jpconftig The following command will synchronize the live system with the new configuration config r ipconfig 14 18 Date and Time Settings To enable NTP using a server at pool ntp org issue the following commands config s config ntp enabled on config s config ntp server pool ntp org Alternatively you can manually change the clock settings To change
190. le any of the thirty addresses from 204 15 5 129 to 204 15 5 158 to be permitted connection to the nominated port Host Subnet Address 204 15 5 128 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 224 NOTE The above Trusted Networks will limit Users and Administrators access to the console serial ports They do not restrict access to the console server itself or to attached hosts To change the default settings for this access you will to need to edit the Ptables rules as described in Chapter 15 Advanced Configuration Click Apply 5 6 Serial Port Redirection To allow an application on a client PC to access the virtual serial ports on the console server you need to run client software to redirect the local serial port traffic to remote console server serial port There s a selection of commercial software available including Serial to Ethernet from Eltima www eltima com and Serial IP COM Port Redirector from Tactical Software www tacticalsoftware com products serialip htm 724 746 5500 blackbox com 37 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers LES1102A Retail data systems Serial device m applications j Remote Serial Device servers iw J Building y a automation lt systems LES1101A LES1102A Serial IP redirector virtual Controles COM ports Sensors Figure 5 19 Serial Port redirection This serial port redirector software is loaded in your desktop PC and it allows you to
191. lert2 enviro1 Enviro sensor name config s config alerts alert2 outlet RPCname outlet alert2 outlet increments sequentially with each added outlet The second outlet refers to the specific RPC power outlets config s config alerts alert2 roc RPC name config s config alerts alert2 sensor temp humid load charge config s config alerts alert2 signal DSR config s config alerts alert2 type enviro config s config alerts alert2 ups1 UPSname hostname Example To configure a load sensor alert for outlets 2 and 4 for an RPC called RPCInRoom20 config s config alerts alert2 outlet1 RPCname outlet2 config s config alerts alert2 outlet2 RPCname outlet4 config s config alerts alert2 enviro high critical 300 config s config alerts alert2 enviro high warning 280 config s config alerts alert2 enviro hysteresis 20 contig s config alerts alert2 enviro low critical 50 config s config alerts alert2 enviro low warning 70 config s config alerts alert2 rpoc1 RPCInRoom20 config s config alerts alert2 sensor load config s config alerts alert2 signal DSR config s config alerts alert2 type enviro The following command will synchronize the live system with the new configuration config r alerts 14 14SMTP and SMS To set up an SMTP mail or SMS server with the following details Outgoing server address mail Black Box com Secure connection type SSL
192. lerts and Logging To configure for SNMP v3 you will need to enter an ID and authentication password and contact information for the local Administrator in the Security Name Click Apply to activate SNMP LS System Name c M ware 2 8 0u2 lt SBLACK BOX Uptime 0 d 3 0 mins s Current User root ii gt Backup Log Out NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port Manager Protocol UDP Users amp Groups The transport protocol to use to connect to the SNMP Manager Authentication Network Hosts Manager Address peed Dera The address of the SNMP Manager to receive traps Cascaded Ports UPS Connections Manager Trap 162 RPC Connections Port Environmental Managed Devices Version ee The TCP UDP port number to send SNMP traps to The SNMP protocol to use for traps Alerts amp Logging PortLog Community Alerts The SNMP Community to use for traps Version 1 and 2c only SMTP amp SMS SNMP Engine ID The SNMPv3 Engine ID of the trap manager Version 3 only System Administration Security Name SSL Certificates The SNMPVv3 user to send traps as Version 3 onl Configuration Backup Firmware Password IP Th Date amp Time Dial Confirm Services Password DHCP Server Nagios Configure Dashboard 1e SNMPv3 users password Version 3 only Confirm the SNMPv3 users password Version 3 only Apply Figure 7 3 SNMP alerts NOTE All console servers have the snmptrap daemon to send traps notifications to remote SNMP
193. m cable enable verbose mode which allows you to see the standard linux start up messages Follow these commands bin config set config console debug on bin config run console reboo t If at some point in the future you chose to connect a modem for dial in out of band access you can reverse the procedure with the following commands bin config del config console debug bin config run console reboot 15 4 IP Filtering The console server uses the iptables utility to provide a stateful firewall of LAN traffic By default rules are automatically inserted to allow access to enabled services and serial port access via enabled protocols The commands that add these rules are contained in configuration files eteconfig ipfilter This is an executable shell script that runs whenever the LAN interface is brought up and whenever modifications are made to the iptables configuration as a result of CGI actions or the config command line tool The basic steps performed are as follows The current iptables configuration is erased If a customized IP Filter script exists it is executed and no other actions are performed Standard policies are inserted that will drop all traffic not explicitly allowed to and through the system Rules are added which explicitly allow network traffic to access enabled services for example TTP SNMP etc Rules are added that explicitly allow traffic network traffic access to serial ports over enabl
194. manually configure new services to use to access the console server and the hosts refer to Section 6 2 6 Then manually configure clients to run on the PC that will use the service to connect to the hosts and serial port devices refer to Section 6 2 6 2 2 Configuring a New Console Server Gateway in the SDT Connector Client To create a secure SSH tunnel to anew console server Click the New Gateway icon or select the File New Gateway menu option F SDTConnector File Edit Help B Import Preferences a amp Export Preferences ext Figure 6 4 New Gateway menu option Enter the IP or DNS Address of the console server and the SSH port that you will use typically 22 NOTE If SDT Connector is connecting to a remote console server through the public Internet or routed network you will need to e Determine the public IP address of the console server or of the router firewall that connects the console server to the Internet as assigned by the ISP One way to find the public IP address is to access http checkip dyndns org or http Avww whatismyip com from a computer on the same network as the console server and note the reported IP address e Set port forwarding for TCP port 22 through any firewall NAT router that is located between SDT Connector and the console server so it points to the console server http Awww portforward com has port forwarding instructions for a range of routers Also you can use the
195. me gt p lt port gt U lt username gt L lt privivi gt al E P f lt password gt o lt oemtype gt C lt ciphersuite gt lt command gt DESCRIPTION This program lets you manage Intelligent Platform Management Interface IPMI functions of either the local system via a kernel device driver or a remote system using IPMI V1 5 and IPMI v2 0 These functions include printing FRU information LAN configuration sensor readings and remote chassis power control IPMI management of a local system interface requires a compatible IPMI kernel driver to be installed and configured On Linux this driver is called Open PMI and it is included in standard distributions On Solaris this driver is called BMC and is included in Solaris 10 Management of a remote station requires the IPMl over LAN interface to be enabled and configured Depending on the particular requirements of each system it may be possible to enable the LAN interface using jomitoo over the system interface OPTIONS a Prompt for the remote server password A lt authtype gt Specify an authentication type to use during IPMIv1 5 an session activation Supported types are NONE PASSWORD MD5 or OEM C Present output in CSV comma separated variable format This is not available with all commands C lt ciphersuite gt The remote server authentication integrity and encryption algorithms to use for IPMlv2 anplus connections See table 22 19 in the IPMlv2 spec
196. menu Click Add User In Username enter sdtnagiosuser then enter and confirm a Password In Accessible Hosts click the IP address DNS name of the IIS server and in Accessible Ports click the serial port that has the router console port attached Click Apply 10 3 Configuring Nagios Distributed Monitoring To activate the console server Nagios distributed monitoring Nagios integration must be enabled and a path established to the central upstream Nagios server If the console server is to periodically report on Nagios monitored services then the NSCA client embedded in the console server must be configured the NSCA program enables scheduled check ins with the remote Nagios server and is used to send passive check results across the network to the remote server If the Nagios server is to actively request status updates from the console server then the NRPE server embedded in the console server must be configured the NRPE server is the Nagios daemon for executing plug ins on remote hosts Each of the Serial Ports and each of the Hosts connected to the console server that you want to monitor must have Nagios enabled and any specific Nagios checks configured Configure the central upstream Nagios monitoring host 10 3 1 Enable Nagios on the Console Server Select System Nagios on the console server Management Console and tick the Nagios service Enabled Enter the Nagios Host Name that the Console server will be referred to in the
197. n a specific host stops responding to ping requests Here are details of the ping detect script itself bin sh Usage ping detect HOST COMMANDS This script takes 2 types of arguments hostname IPadadress to ping and the commands to run if the ping fails 5 times in a row This script can only take one host IPaddress per instance Multiple independent commands can be sent to the script The commands will be run one after the other PINGREP is the entire reply from the ping command LOSS is the percentage loss from the ping command 1 must be the hostname Paddress of device to ping 2 must be the commands to run when the pings fail COUNTER 0 TARGET 1 shift loop indefinitely while true do ping the device 10 times PINGREP ping c 10 i 1 TARGET get the packet loss percentage LOSS echo PINGREP grep sed e s 0 9 AT if LOSS eq 100 then COUNTER expr COUNTER 1 else COUNTER 0 140 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 15 Advanced Configuration sleep 30s fi if COUNTER eg 5 then COUNTER 0 S n sleep 2s fi done 15 1 7 Running Custom Scripts When a Configurator is Invoked A configurator is responsible for reading the values in etc config config xmi and making the appropriate changes live Some changes made by the configurators are part of the Linux configuration itself such as user passwords or joconfig Currently there are nine
198. nal diagnostics and points of access to managed devices Central site Nagios Remote site server LES1102A i i Le Managed hosts and services Figure 10 1 Nagios application SDT for Nagios extends the capabilities of the central Nagios server beyond monitoring enabling it to be used for central management tasks It incorporates the SDT Connector client enabling point and click access and control of distributed networks of console servers and their attached network and serial hosts from a central location NOTE If you have an existing Nagios deployment you may want to use the console server gateways in a distributed monitoring server capacity only If this case and you are already familiar with Nagios skip ahead to Section 10 3 10 1 Nagios Overview Nagios provides central monitoring of the hosts and services in your distributed network Nagios is freely downloadable open source software This section offers a quick background of Nagios and its capabilities A complete overview FAQ and comprehensive documentation are available at http www nagios org Nagios does take some time to install and configure however once Nagios is up and running however it provides an outstanding network monitoring system With Nagios you can Display tables showing the status of each monitored server and network service in real time Use a wide range of freely available plug ins to make detailed checks of specific services for exampl
199. ndex html There are also many high quality tutorials and HOWTOs available via the netfilter website in particular peruse the tutorials listed on the netfilter HOWTO page 15 5 Modifying SNMP Configuration Adding More than One SNMP Server To add more than one SNMP server for alert traps add the first SNMP server using the Management Console or the command line config tool Secondary and any further SNMP servers are added manually using config Log in to the console server s command line shell as root or an admin user Refer back to the Management Console UI or user documentation for descriptions of each field To set the Manager Protocol field config set config system snmp protocol2 UDP or config set config system snmp protocol2 TCP To set the Manager Address field config set config system snmp address2 w x y Z replacing w x y z with the IP address or DNS name To set the Manager Trap Port field config set config system snmp trapport2 162 replacing 162 with the TCP UDP port number To set the Version field contig set config system snmp version2 1 or contig set config system snmp version2 2c or config set config system snmp version2 3 To set the Community field SNMP version 1 and 2c only config set config system snmp community2 yourcommunityname replacing yourcommunityname with the community name To set the Engine ID field SNMP version 3 only config set contig system snmp engineid2 800
200. ne servicedependency name Black Box_nrpe_daemon_dep host_name Black Box dependent_host_name server dependent_service_description Serial Status service_description NRPE Daemon execution_failure_criteria W U C Port Log define command command_name check_port_log command_line USER1 check_nrpe H 192 168 254 147 p 5666 c port_log_ HOSTNAME define service service_description Port Log host_name server use generic service 724 746 5500 blackbox com 101 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers check_command check_port_log define service service_description port log server host_name server use generic service check_command check_port_log active_checks_enabled 0 passive_checks_enabled 1 define servicedependency name Black Box_nrpe_daemon_dep host_name Black Box dependent_host_name server dependent_service_description Port Log service_description NRPE Daemon execution_failure_criteria W U C Ping define command command_name check_ping_via_Black Box command_line USER1 check_nrpe H 192 168 254 147 p 5666 c host_ping_ HOSTNAME define service service_description Host Ping host_name server use generic service check_command check_ping_via_Black Box define service service_description host ping server host_name server use generic service check_command check_ping_via_Black Box active_checks_enabled 0 passive_checks_enabled 1 define servicedependency name Bla
201. nector e Using SDT to IP connect to hosts that are serially attached to the console server Section 6 10 6 1 Configuring for SSH Tunneling to Hosts To set up the console server to SSH tunnel to access a network attached host Add the new host and the permitted services using the Serial amp Network Network Hosts menu as detailed in Network Hosts Chapter 5 4 Only these permitted services will be forwarded through by SSH to the host All other services TCP UDP ports will be blocked NOTE Following are some of the TCP Ports used by SDT in the console server 22 SSH All SDT Tunneled connections 23 Telnet on local LAN forwarded inside tunnel 80 HTTP on local LAN forwarded inside tunnel 3389 RDP on local LAN forwarded inside tunnel 5900 VNC on local LAN forwarded inside tunnel 73XX RDP over serial from local LAN where XX is the serial port number that is 7301 to 7302 on a 2 port console server 79XX VNC over serial from local LAN where XX is the serial port number Add the new Users using Serial amp Network Users amp Groups menu as detailed in Network Hosts Chapter 5 4 Users can be authorized to access the console server ports and specified network attached hosts To simplify configuration the Administrator can first set up Groups with group access permissions then Users can be classified as members of particular Groups 6 2 SDT Connector Client Configuration The SDT Connector client works with all Black Box
202. nf http linux die net man 5 powerman conf Target Specification powerman target hostnames may be specified as comma separated or space separated hostnames or host ranges Host ranges are of the general form prefix n m k where n lt m and lt k etc This form should not be confused with regular expression character classes also denoted by For example foo 19 does not represent foo1 or foo9 but rather represents a degenerate range foo19 This range syntax is meant only as a convenience on clusters with a prefix NN naming convention and specification of ranges should not be considered necessary the list foo1 foo9 could be specified as such or by the range foo 1 9 Some examples of powerman targets follows Power on hosts bar baz foo01 foo02 fo005 powerman on bar baz foo 01 05 Power on hosts bar foo7 foo9 foo10 powerman on bar foo 7 9 10 Power on foo0 fo04 foo5 powerman on foo 0 4 5 As a reminder to the reader some shells will interpret brackets and for pattern matching Depending on your shell you might need to enclose ranged lists within quotes For example in tcsh the last example above should be executed as powerman on foo 0 4 5 15 9 2 The pmpower Tool The pmpower utility is a high level tool for manipulating remote preconfigured power devices connected to the console server via a serial or network connection The PDU UPS and IPMI power devices are variously controlled using
203. nfigured config s config devices device3 connections connection1 name My UPS config s config devices device3 connections connection 1 tyoe UPS Unit config s config devices device3 name My UPS config s config devices device3 description UPS in toom 5 config s config devices total 3 To delete this managed UPS config d config ups monitors monitor1 Decrement monitors total when deleting a managed UPS Remote UPSes To add a remote UPS with the following details assuming this is our first remote UPS UPS name oldUPS Description UPS in room 2 Address 192 168 50 50 Log status Disabled Log rate 240 seconds Run shutdown script Enabled config s config ups remotes remote7 name oldUPS config s config ups remotes remote description UPS in room 2 config s config ups remotes remote address 192 168 50 50 config d config ups remotes remote log enabled config s config ups remotes remote log interval 240 config s config ups remotes remote script enabled on config s config ups remotes total 1 The following command will synchronize the live system with the new configuration config a 14 10 RPC Connections You can add an RPC connection from the command line We do not recommend that you do this because of dependency issues Before adding an RPC the Management Console GUI code makes sure that at least one port has been configured to run in device mode and that the device is
204. ng key in ssh known_hosts 1 RSA host key for remhost has changed and you have requested strict checking Host key verification failed 724 746 5500 blackbox com 151 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers If the host key has been legitimately changed it can be removed from the ssh known_hosts file and the new fingerprint added If it has not changed this indicates a serious problem that should be investigated immediately 15 6 7 SSH Tunneled Serial Bridging You have the option to apply SSH tunneling when two Black Box console servers are configured for serial bridging Ethernet LAN LES1101A amp LES1101A Serially connected device for COM port connected example security appliance control PC Figure 15 4 SSH tunneling and bridging As detailed in Chapter 5 the Server console server is setup in Console server mode with either RAW or RFC2217 enabled and the Client console server is set up in Serial Bridging Mode with the Server Address and Server TCP Port 4000 port for RAW or 5000 port for RFC2217 specified Select SSH Tunnel when configuring the Serial Bridging Setting Serial Bridge Settings Serial Bridging Mode Create a network connection to a remote serial port via RFC 2217 Server Address The network address of an RFC 2217 server to connect to Server TCP Port The TCP port the RFC 2217 server is serving on RFC 2217 v Enable RFC 2217 access SSH Tunnel Redirect the serial bridge over an SSH tunnel t
205. nit s and line shell or serial ports Authentication installed on the computer you are browsing from with this unit ad Network Hosts Trusted Networks Connect via SDTConnector Cascaded Ports UPS Connections RPC Connections E sDTConnector File Edit Help 2B Environmental Managed Devices Alerts amp Logging PortLog Sela Alerts Biad SMTP amp SMS SNMP Gateway Actions Retrieve Hosts System Figure 13 5 Connect to SDT connector 116 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 13 Management NOTE You must install SDT Connector on the computer you are browsing from and add and the console server as a gateway as detailed in Chapter 6 The alternate to using SDT Connector and your local telnet client is to run the open source jcterm java terminal applet into your browser to connect to the console server and attached serial port devices jcterm does have some JRE compatibility issues that may prevent it from loading Select Manage Terminal The jcterm java applet is downloaded from the console server to your browser and the virtual terminal will be displayed Select File gt Open SHELL Session from the jcterm menu to access the command line using SSH To access the console server s command line enter its TCP address e g 192 168 254 198 as hostname and the Username for example root 192 168 254 198 Then enter the Password To access the console server s serial ports append serial
206. nly for local connections With Win2000 XP NT you can run telnet from the command prompt cmd exe Vista and Windows 7 include a Telnet client and server but they are not enabled by default To enable Telnet e Log in as Admin and go to Start Contro Panel Programs and Features e Select Turn Windows features on or off check the Telnet Client and click OK 28 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 5 Serial Port Host Device and User Configuration E Windows Features Turn Windows features on or off To turn a feature on select its check box To turn a feature off clear its check box A filled box means that only part of the feature is turned on a El SNMP feature Subsystem for UNIX based Applications ae Tablet PC Optional Components W Telnet Client Telnet Server EE TFTP Client Eam Windows DFS Replication Service W Windows Fax and Scan Windows Meeting Space 2 di Windows Process Activation Service V Windows Ultimate Extras Cancel Figure 5 5 Windows features screen If the remote communications are tunneled with SDT Connector then you can use Telnet to securely access these attached devices refer to the Note below NOTE In Console Server mode Users and Administrators can use SDT Connector to set up secure Telnet connections that are SSH tunneled from their client PCAworkstations to the serial port on the console server SDT Connector can be installed
207. nnector RDP client VNC client HTTP browser HTTPS browser Telnet client etc If you want to add new client applications to this range proceed to the next section Adding a new client then return here ccs SDTConnector E SDTConnector Preferences Client name Path to client executable file Command line format for client executable 0K XK Cancei_ Figure 6 11 Select client Click OK then Close A service typically consists of a single SSH port redirection and a local client to access it It may consist of several redirections and some or all may have clients associated with them An example is the Dell RAC service The first redirection is for the HTTPS connection to the RAC server it has a client associated with it web browser that it launches immediately when you click the button for this service The second redirection is for the VNC service that you may choose to later launch from the RAC web console It automatically loads in a Java client served through the web browser so it does not need to have a local client associated with it amp SDTConnector File Edit Help 3 G SDTConnector Preferences Client SE Edit Service ssw eee Service Name Dell RAC Local gt Remote Port Redirections TCP any gt 443 TCP 3668 gt 3668 Figure 6 12 Edit Service On the Add Service screen you can click Add as man
208. nning lt td gt lt tr gt echo lt tr gt lt td gt echo lt img src http www vinras com images linux online inc jpg gt echo lt td gt lt tr gt echo lt table gt exit O 114 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 13 Management 13 Management The console server has a small number of Manage reports and tools that are available to both Administrators and Users e Access and control authorized devices e View serial port logs and host logs for those devices e Use SDT Connector or the java terminal to access serially attached consoles e Control power devices where authorized All other Management Console menu items are available to Administrators only 13 1 Device Management To display the Managed Devices and their associated serial network and power connections Select Manage Devices The Administrator will be presented with a list of all configured Managed Devices whereas the User will only see the Managed Devices they or their Group has been given access privileges for JN System Name M 6A Firmware 2 8 0u2 lt SBLACK BOX Uptime 0 days 20 54 mins cs Current User S1 NETWORK SERVICES Manage Devices Managed Devices Network Serial Power Port Logs Hostoa Description Connections Power Terminal Teleco RPC R4CRow3 a EMD comms roo BlackBox 2009 Customer Support Site Figure 13 1 Managed devices screen Select Serial Network or Power for a view of the specific conn
209. ns connection 1 name 192 168 3 10 config s config devices device2 connections connection 1 type Host config s config devices device2 name OfficePC config s config devices device2 description MyPC config s config devices total 2 The following command will synchronize the live system with the new configuration config hosts 14 7 Trusted Networks You can further restrict remote access to serial ports based on the source IP address To configure this via the command line you need to do the following Determine the total number of existing trusted network rules If you have no existing rules you can assume this is O config g config portaccess total This command should display config portaccess total 7 Note that if you see config portaccess total this means you have 0 rules configured Your new rule will be the existing total plus 1 So if the previous command gave you 0 then you start with rule number 1 If you already have 1 rule your new rule will be number 2 etc If you want to restrict access to serial port 5 to computers from a single class C network 192 168 5 0 for example you need to issue the following commands assuming you have a previous rule in place Add a trusted network config s config portaccess rule2 address 192 168 5 0 config s config portaccess rule2 description foo bar config s config portaccess rule2 netmask 255 255 255 0 config s config portaccess rule2 port5 on
210. nsole Manage menus If you enable HTTPS the Administrator will be able to use a secure browser connection to the Console server s Management Console For information on certificate and user client software configuration refer to Chapter 9 Authentication By default HTTPS is enabled and we recommend that that you only use HTTPS access if the console server will be managed over any public network for example the Internet e HTTP By default HTTP is disabled We recommend that the HTTP service remain disabled if the console server will be remotely accessed over the Internet e Telnet This gives the Administrator Telnet access to the system command line shell Linux commands This may be suitable for a local direct connection over a management LAN By default Telnet is disabled We recommend that this service remain disabled if you will remotely administer the console server e SSH This service provides secure SSH access to the Linux command line shell We recommend that you choose SSH as the protocol where the Administrator connects to the console server over the Internet or any other public network This will provide authenticated communications between the SSH client program on the remote PCAworkstation and the SSH sever in the console server By default SSH is enabled For more information on SSH configuration refer Chapter 9 Authentication You can configure related service options at this stage e Ping This allows the console server
211. nteroperation with the port manager The final options speed charsize stop and parity define the recommended or default settings for the attached device 724 746 5500 blackbox com 157 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers 15 10 IPMItool The console server includes the jomitoo utility for managing and configuring devices that support the Intelligent Platform Management Interface IPMI version 1 5 and version 2 0 specifications IPMI is an open standard for monitoring logging recovery inventory and control of hardware that is implemented independent of the main CPU BIOS and OS The service processor or Baseboard Management Controller BMC is the brain behind platform management and its primary purpose is to handle the autonomous sensor monitoring and event logging features The jpmitool program provides a simple command line interface to this BMC It features the ability to read the sensor data repository SDR and print sensor values display the contents of the System Event Log SEL print Field Replaceable Unit FRU inventory information read and set LAN configuration parameters and perform remote chassis power control SYNOPSIS ipmitoo h v V I open lt command gt ipmitool c h v V I fan H lt hostname gt p lt port gt U lt username gt A lt authtype gt L lt privivi gt al E P f lt password gt o lt oemtype gt lt command gt jpmitool h v V I lanplus H lt hostna
212. o It provides detailed accounting information and flexible administrative control over the authentication and authorization processes TACACS allows for a single access control server the TACACS daemon to provide authentication authorization and accounting services independently Each service can be tied into its own database to take advantage of other services available on that server or on the network depending on the capabilities of the daemon There is a draft RFC detailing this protocol You can find further information on configuring remote TACACS servers at the following sites http Avww cisco com en US tech tk59 technologies_tech_note09186a0080094e99 shtml http Awww cisco com en US products sw secursw ps491 1 products_user_guide_chapter09186a00800eb6d6 html http cio cisco conmVunivercd cc td doc product software ios1 1 3ed 1 13ed_cr secur_c scprt2 sctplus htm 9 1 3 RADIUS Authentication Perform the following procedure to configure the RADIUS authentication method to use whenever the console server or any of its serial ports or hosts is accessed Select Serial and Network Authentication and check RADIUS or LocalRADIUS or RADIUSLocal or RADIUSDownLocal Supper nepun Syslog RADIUS rai Status Authentication and C Status Authorisation Server Environmental Status Address Comma separated list of remote authentiction and authorization servers Dashboard Accounting Server Address Manage Cor nting servers If unset
213. o and check_udp are used to check open ports on network hosts check_ping is used to check network host availability check_nrpe is used to execute arbitrary plug ins in other devices Each console server is preconfigured with two checks that are specific to Black Box check_serial_signals is used to monitor the handshaking lines on the serial ports check_port_log is used to monitor the data logged for a serial port 10 4 3 Number of Supported Devices Ultimately the number of devices any particular console server can support depends upon the number of checks made and how often they are performed Access method will also play a part The table below shows the performance of three of the console servers Time No encryption 3DES SSH tunnel NSCA for single check 2 second Y2 second Y2 second NSCA for 100 sequential checks 100 seconds 100 seconds 100 seconds NSCA for 10 sequential checks batched upload 1 Ya seconds 2 seconds 1 second NSCA for 100 sequential checks batched upload 7 seconds 11 seconds 6 seconds No encryption SSL no encryption tunneled over existing SSH session NRPE time to service 1 check 1 10 second 1 3 second 1 8 second NRPE time to service 10 simultaneous 1 second 3 seconds 1 seconds checks Maximum number of simultaneous checks 30 20 1 2 and 8 or 25 25 8 port 35 16 and before timeouts 16 and 48 port 48 port The results were from running
214. o the server Figure 15 5 Serial bridge settings Next you will need to set up SSH keys for each end of the tunnel and upload these keys to the Server and Client console servers Client Keys The first step in setting up ssh tunnels is to generate keys Ideally you will use a separate secure machine to generate and store all keys to be used on the console servers If this is not ideal for your situation keys may be generated on the console servers themselves It is possible to generate only one set of keys and reuse them for every SSH session While we do not recommend this each organization will need to balance the security of separate keys against the additional administration they bring Generated keys may be one of two types RSA or DSA and it is beyond the scope of this document to recommend one over the other RSA keys will go into the files id_rsa and id_rsa pub DSA keys will be stored in the files id_dsa and id_dsa pub For simplicity going forward the term private key will be used to refer to either id_rsa or id_dsa and public key to refer to either id_rsa pub or id_dsa pub 152 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 15 Advanced Configuration Client 1 Server Client 2 Id_dsa id_dsa pub authorized keys id_rsa pub id rsa Figure 16 6 Keys To generate the keys using OpenBSD s OpenSSH suite we use the ssh keygen program ssh keygen t rsa dsa Generating public private rsa dsa key pair Enter file in whic
215. obile phone carriers provide an SMS gateway service that forwards email to mobile phones on their networks There s also a wide selection of SMS gateway aggregators that provide email to SMS forwarding to phones on any carriers To use SMTP SMS the Administrator must configure a valid SMTP server for sending the email Nagios Configure Dashboard SMTP SMS Server Server Status Port Access Active Users Secure Statistics Connection Support Report Syslog SSL UPS Status RPC Status If this server uses a secure connection specify its type The outgoing SMTP SMS server address None TLS Environmental Status Dashboard Sender The from address which will appear on the sent email Manage Devices Port Logs If this server requires authentication specify the username Username Host Logs Power Terminal Ifthis server requires authentication specify the password Password Confirm Re enter the password Subject Line If this server requires a specific subject line specify it here Apply Figure 7 2 SMTP SMS Server screen In the SMTP SMS Server field in the Alerts amp Logging SMTP amp SMS menu enter the IP address of the outgoing mail Server and Secure Connection if applicable You may enter a Sender email address which will appear as the from address in all email notifications sent from this console server Some SMS gateway service providers only forward email to SMS when the email has been received
216. ommunications packages like PuTTY or SSHTerm to SSH connect directly to port address IP Address _ Port 3000 serial port for example 3001 3002 SSH connections can be configured using the standard SSH port 22 Identify the the serial port that s accessed by appending a descriptor to the username This syntax supports lt username gt lt portxx gt lt username gt lt port label gt lt username gt lt ttySX gt lt username gt lt serial gt For a User named fred to access serial port 2 when setting up the SSHTerm or the PuTTY SSH client instead of typing username fred and ssh port 3002 the alternate is to type username fred port02 or username fred ttyS1 and ssh port 22 Or by typing username fred serial and ssh port 22 A port selection option appears to the User P 192 168 254 152 PuTTY Figure 5 7 Port Selection option This syntax enables Users to set up SSH tunnels to all serial ports with only opening a single IP port 22 in their firewall gateway 30 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 5 Serial Port Host Device and User Configuration TCP RAW TCP allows connections directly to a TCP socket Communications programs like PuTTY also support RAW TCP You would usually access this protocol via a custom application For RAW TCP the default port address is IP Address _ Port 4000 serial port for example 4001 4002 RAW TCP also enables the serial port to be tunneled to a remo
217. ompany com config s config interfaces lan dhcod gateway 192 168 0 1 config s config interfaces lan dhcpd pools pool7 start 192 168 0 20 config s config interfaces lan dhcod pools pool1 end 192 168 0 100 config s config interfaces lan dhcpd pools total 1 config s config interfaces lan dhcpod staticips staticip 1 jo 192 168 0 50 config s config interfaces lan dhcpd staticips staticip 1 mac 00 1 e 67 82 72 d9 config s config interfaces lan dhcod staticips staticip 1 host John PC config s config interfaces lan dhcpd staticips total 1 The following command will synchronize the live system with the new configuration config a 14 20 Services You can manually enable or disable network servers from the command line For example if you wanted to guarantee the following server configuration HTTP Server Enabled HTTPS Server Disabled Telnet Server Disabled SSH Server Enabled SNMP Server Disabled Ping Replies Respond to ICMP echo requests Disabled config s config services http enabled on contig d config services https enabled config d config services telnet enabled config s config services ssh enabled on config d config services snmp enabled config d config services pingreply enabled To set secondary port ranges for any service config s config services telnet portbase port base number Default 2000 config s config services ssh portbase port base number Default 3000
218. on from the command line With config a new configuration can be activated by running the relevant configurator which performs the action necessary to make the configuration changes live portmanager which provides a buffered interface to each serial port It is supported by the pmchat and pmshell commands which ensure all serial port access is directed via the portmanager pmpoweer is a configurable tool for manipulating remote power devices that are serially or network connected to the console server SDT Connector is a java client applet that provides point and click SSH tunneled connections to the console server and Managed Devices 724 746 5500 blackbox com 163 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers There are also anumber of other CLI commands related to other open source tools embedded in the console server including PowerMan provides power management for many preconfigured remote power controller RPC devices For CLI details refer http linux die net man 1 powerman Network UPS Tools NUT provides reliable monitoring of UPS and PDU hardware and ensure safe shutdowns of the systems which are connected with a goal to monitor every kind of UPS and PDU For CLI details refer http www networkupstools org Nagios is a popular enterprise class management tool that provides central monitoring of the hosts and services in distributed networks For CLI details refer http www nagios org Many components of the console server software a
219. onnect NOTES The Remote Desktop Connection software is pre installed with Windows XP Vista and Server 2003 2008 For earlier Windows PCs you need to download the RDP client Go to the Microsoft Download Center site htto Avww microsoft com downloads details aspx familyid 801 1 1F2 1 D48D 426E 96C2 O8AA2BD23A49 amp displaylang en and click the Download button This software package will install the client portion of Remote Desktop on Windows 95 Windows 98 and 98 Second Edition Windows Me Windows NT 4 0 and Windows 2000 When run this software allows these older Windows platforms to remotely connect to a computer running current Windows On a Linux or UNIX client PC Launch the open source rdesktop client rdesktop u windows user id p windows password g 1200x950 ms windows terminal server host name Option Description a Color depth 8 16 24 r Device redirection Redirect sound on remote machine to local device 0 r sound MS Windows 2003 g Geometry width x height or 70 screen percentage p Use p to receive password prompt 724 746 5500 blackbox com 55 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers You can use GUI front end tools like the GNOME Terminal Services Client tsclient to configure and launch the rdesktop client Using tsclient also enables you to store multiple configurations of rdesktop for connection to many servers Terminal Server Client Display Local Resources Programs Perfo
220. ons Data Bits 8 Environmental The rainha til dada bilo eae Managed Devices ainis Parity None wv Alerts amp Logging The serial ports parit Port Log Alerts Stop Bits 1 F SMTP amp SMS The number of stop bits to use SNMP Flow Control None Md System The flow control method Administration SSL Certificates samala RS232 X Configuration Backup Protocol Firmware IP Figure 5 3 Edit multiple ports screen Specify a label for the port Select the appropriate Baud Rate Parity Data Bits Stop Bits and Flow Control for each port Note The RS 485 RS 422 option is not relevant for console servers 724 746 5500 blackbox com 27 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers Before proceeding with further serial port configuration connect the ports to the serial devices they will be controlling and make sure they have matching settings NOTE The serial ports are all set at the factory to RS 232 9600 baud no parity 8 data bits 1 stop bit and Console server Mode You can change the baud rate to 2400 230400 baud using the management console You can configure lower baud rates 50 75 110 134 150 200 300 600 1200 1800 baud from the command line Refer to Chapter 14 Basic Configuration Linux Commands 5 1 2 Console Server Mode Select Console Server Mode to enable remote management access to the serial console that is attached to this serial port Services Console Server Settings DHCP Server Console Server Pags Mode Enable rem
221. or a single host with both network and serial connections For each check it has two configurations one each for NRPE and NSCA In practice these would be combined into a single check which used NSCA as a primary method falling back to NRPE if a check was late for details see the Nagios documentation http Avww nagios org docs on Service and Host Freshness Checks Host definitions Black Box console server define host use generic host 100 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 10 Nagios Integration host_name Black Box alias Console server address 192 168 254 147 Managed Host define host use generic host host_name server alias server address 192 168 254 227 NRPE daemon on gateway define command command_name check_nrpe_daemon command _line USER1 check_nrpe H 192 168 254 147 p 5666 define service service_description NRPE Daemon host_name Black Box use generic service check_command check_nrpe_daemon Serial Status define command command_name check_serial_status command _line USER1 check_nrpe H 192 168 254 147 p 5666 c check_serial HOSTNAME define service service_description Serial Status host_name server use generic service check_command check_serial_status define service service_description serial signals server host_name server use generic service check_command check_serial_status active_checks_enabled 0 passive_checks_enabled 1 defi
222. ord as a command line option is not recommended t lt target_address gt Bridge IPMI requests to the remote target address U lt username gt Remote server username default is NULL user v Increase verbose output level This option may be specified multiple times to increase the level of debug output If given three times you will get hexdumps of all incoming and outgoing packets V Display version information If no password method is specified then jomitoo will prompt the user for a password If no password is entered at the prompt the remote server password will default to NULL SECURITY The jpmitoo documentation highlights that there are several security issues to be considered before enabling the IPMI LAN interface A remote station has the ability to control a system s power state as well as being able to gather certain platform information To reduce vulnerability we strongly advise that the IPMI LAN interface only be enabled in trusted environments where system security is not an issue or where there is a dedicated secure management network or access has been provided through an console server Further we strongly advise that you do not enable IPMI for remote access without setting a password and that password should not be the same as any other password on that system When an IPMI password is changed on a remote machine with the IPMlv1 5 an interface the new password is sent across the network as clear text Th
223. ore giving the console server any access to or control of your computers and network appliances NOTE We recommend that you set up a new Administrator user as soon as convenient and log in as this new user for all ongoing administration functions rather than root This Administrator can be configured in the admin group with full access privileges through the Serial amp Network Users amp Groups menu as detailed in Chapter 5 20 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 4 System Configuration System Name les Model LES1102A Firmware 2 8 2u1 Uptime 0 days s 57 min cs Current User root NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port System Name les1102a Users amp Groups An ID for this device Authentication Network Hosts System Description Trusted Networks The physical location of this device Cascaded Ports UPS Connections System Password RPC Connections Environmental Managed Devices used to gain administration access to this device Confirm System Password Re enter the above password for confirmation Alerts amp Logging PortLog Apply Alerts Figure 4 4 System Administration screen 1 Select System Administration 2 Enter a new System Password then re enter it in Confirm System Password This is the new password for root the main administrative user account so choose a complex password and keep it safe 3 At this stage you may also wish to enter a System Name and System Des
224. oring starts whenever the system boots Suppose we have a serially controlled RPC connected to port01 on a console server and have a router powered by outlet 3 on the RPC and the router has an internal IP address of 192 168 22 2 The following instructions will show you how to continuously ping the router When the router fails to respond to a series of pings the console server will send a command to RPC outlet 3 to power cycle the router and write the current date time to a file Copy the ping detect script to etc config scripts on the console server Open etc config rc local using vi Add the following line to rc local etc contig scripts ping detect 192 168 22 2 bin bash c pmpower I port01 o 3 cycle amp amp date gt tmp output log amp The above command will cause the ping detect script to continuously ping the host at 192 168 22 2 which is the router If the router crashes it will no longer respond to ping requests If this happens the two commands pmpower and date will run The output from these commands is sent to the file tmp output log so that we have a record The ping detect is also run in the background using the amp Remember the rc ocal script only runs by default when the system boots You can manually run the rc local script or the ping detect script if desired The ping detect script The above is just one example of using the ping detect script The idea of the script is to run any number of commands whe
225. orized_keys 148 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 15 Advanced Configuration Master LES1102A a Slave Slave Y an LES1102A LES1101A e A authorized_key id_rsa ssh rsa BEGIN RSA AAAAB3BNzaC 1yC2Efg4 t PRIVATE KEY authorized_key GHIAAA name client1 MIBogIDAAKCAQEA ssh rsa ylIPGsNf5 aOLnPUMc AAAAB3NzaC 1 yC2Efg4 t nujXXPGIQGyD3b79 GHIAAA name client1 KZg3UZMjZI525sCy Opv4TjTvTK6a7QIYt GVTRuil lal id_rsa pub ssh rsa AAAAB3NzaC 1yc2 Efg4 tGHIAAA name client1 Figure 15 1 If the Black Box device selected to be the server will only have one client device then the authorized_keys file is simply a copy of the public key for that device If one or more devices will be clients of the server then the authorized_keys file will contain a copy of all of the public keys RSA and DSA keys may be freely mixed in the authorized_keys file For example assume we already have one server called bridge_server and two sets of keys for the control_room and the plant_entrance Is home user keys control_room control_room pub plant_entrance plant_entrance pub cat home user keys control_room pub home user keys plant_entrance pub gt home user keys authorized_keys_bridge_server Master 5 lt gt Master a LES1102A vv A LES1102A id_dsa BEGIN DSA a PRIVATE KEY A id_rsa E aa ae LES1102A i ixjJOSKuiIREXTM xDPFp9HqBvEg7Ww9 MIIEogIBAAKCAQEA oynY4QNixj1YU7T ylIPGsNf5 a0LnPUMc 871 TLQiAhn3yp72Wy Na
226. orized_keys file Make sure there is only one line of text in this file 150 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 15 Advanced Configuration Use WinSCP to copy this authorized_keys file into the users home directory e g etc config users testuser ssh authorized_keys of the Black Box gateway which will be the SSH server You will need to make sure this file is in the correct format with the correct permissions with the following commands dos2unix etc contig users testuser ssh authorized_keys amp amp chown testuser etc contig users testuser ssh authorized_keys Using WinSCP copy the attached sshd_config over etc config sshd_config on the server Makes sure public key authentication is enabled Test the Public Key by logging in as testuser to the client Black Box device and typing you should not need to enter anything ssh o StrictHostkKeyChecking no lt server ip gt To automate connection of the SSH tunnel from the client on every power up you need to make the clients etc config rc local look like the following bin sh ssh L9001 127 0 0 1 4001 N o StrictHostkKeyChecking no testuser lt server ip gt amp This will run the tunnel redirecting local port 9001 to the server port 4001 15 6 6 Fingerprinting Fingerprints are used to ensure you are establishing an SSH session to who you think you are On the first connection to a remote server you will receive a fingerprint that you can use on future connections
227. os server Periodically the Nagios server will establish a connection to the console server and execute any NRPE commands before dropping the connection 724 746 5500 blackbox com 105 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers 11 System Management This chapter describes how the Administrator can perform a range of general console server system administration and configuration tasks such as e Applying Soft and Hard Resets to the gateway e Re flashing the Firmware e Configuring the Date Time and NTP e Setting up Backup of the configuration files System administration and configuration tasks that are covered elsewhere include e Resetting the System Password and entering a new System Name and Description Chapter 4 2 Setting the System IP Address Chapter 4 3 e Setting the permitted Services by which to access the gateway Chapter 4 4 e Configuring the Dashboard Chapter 12 11 1 System Administration and Reset The Administrator can reboot or reset the gateway to default settings A soft reset is affected by Selecting Reboot in the System Administration menu and clicking Apply Syslog UPS Status O RPC Status Safely reboot the device Environmental Status Dashboard Apply Reboot A Figure 11 1 Reboot the gateway The console server reboots with all settings for example the assigned network IP address preserved This soft reset disconnects all users and ends any established SSH sessions A soft reset will
228. ote network access to the console atthis serial port Configure Dashboard rE igang _ Logging Level level 0 Disabled a Specify the detail of data to log Port Access Active Users Telnet m Statistics Enable Telnet access Support Report Syslog SSH UPS Status Enable SSH access RPC Status Environmental Status Raw TCP A Dashboard Enable raw TCP access Manage RFC 2217 ia ae uina Devices Enable RFC 2217 access Port Logs Unauthenticated hm pomters Telnet Enable Telnet access without requiring the user to provide credentials Power Terminal Accumulation Period Collect serial data for a period of time in milliseconds then transmit any data received during that time over the network at once Escape Character Customize the character used for sending out of band shell commands The default is Power Menu Enable shell power command menu Connect this port to a Managed Device then use p to run power commands Single F Compaction Limit the port to a single concurrent connection Figure 5 4 Console Server settings screen Logging Level This specifies the level of information to be logged and monitored referto Chapter 7 Alerts and Logging Telnet When the Telnet service is enabled on the console server a Telnet client on a User or Administrator s computer can connect to a serial device attached to this serial port on the console server The Telnet communications are unencrypted so this protocol is generally recommended o
229. oups group7 port on config s config groups group7 port5 on Assume we have an RPC device connected to port 1 on the console manager and the RPC is configured To give this group access to RPC outlet number 3 on the RPC device run the two commands below config s config ports port power outlet3 groups group 1 Group7 config s config ports port7 power outlet3 groups total 1 total number of groups that have access to this outlet If more groups are given access to this power outlet then increment the config ports port power outlet3 groups total element accordingly To give this group access to network host 5 config s config sdt hosts host5 groups group 1 Group7 config s config sdt hosts host5 groups total 1 total number of groups having access to host To give another group called Group8 access to the same host config s config sdt hosts host5 groups group2 Group8 config s config sdt hosts host5 groups total 2 total number of users having access to host To delete the group called Group7 use the following command rmuser Group7 Attention The rmuser script is a generic script to remove any config element from config xml correctly However any dependencies or references to this group will not be affected Only the group details are deleted The Administrator is responsible for going through config xm and removing group dependencies and references manually specifically if the group had access to a ho
230. p Firmware IP Date amp Time Figure 12 2 Statistics status You can find detailed statistics reports by selecting the various submenus 12 3 Support Reports The Support Report provides useful status information that will assist the Black Box Technical Support team to solve any problems you may experience with your console server If you do experience a problem and have to contact tech support make sure you include the Support Report with your email support request The Support Report is generated when the issue is occurring and is attached in plain text format ZN System Name A ETTET Sa NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port Firmware Version Users amp Groups BlackBowLES12xxA Version 2 8 0u2 Wed Oct 7 14 54 24 EST 2009 Authentication Network Hosts Trusted Networks Cascaded Ports Uptime UPS Connections RPC Connections Environmental Managed Devices Alerts amp Logging Port Log eth0 Alerts SMTP amp SMS SNMP System Administration SSL Certificates Configuration Backup Firmware IP Date amp Time Figure 12 3 Support report Select Status Support Report and you will be presented with a status snapshot Save the file as a text file and attach it to your support email 724 746 5500 blackbox com 111 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers 12 4 Syslog The Linux System Logger in the console server maintains a record of all system messages and errors Select Status Syslog
231. p on a portmanager controlled port portmanager closes that port and stops monitoring it until tip releases control of it With stty the changes made to the port only stick until that port is closed and opened again People probably will not want to use stty for more than initial debugging of the serial connection If you want to use stty to configure the port you can put stty commands in etc config scripts portXX init which gets run whenever portmanager opens the port Otherwise any setup you do with stty will get lost when the portmanager opens the port The reason that portmanager sets things back to its config rather than using whatever is on the port is so the port is in a known good state and will work no matter what things are done to the serial port outside of portmanager 15 3 2 Accessing the Console Modem Port The console dial in is handled by mgetty with automatic PPP login extensions mgetty is a smart getty replacement designed to be used with Hayes compatible data and data fax modems mgetty knows about modem initialization manual modem answering your modem doesn t answer if the machine isn t ready UUCP locking you can use the same device for dial in and dial out mgetty provides very extensive logging facilities All standard mgetty options are supported Enabling Boot Messages on the Console If you are not using a modem on the DB9 console port and instead want to connect to it directly via a Null Mode
232. pply Figure 8 10 Add remote UPS screen Enter the Name of the particular remote UPS that you want to remotely monitor This name must be the name that the remote UPS was configured with on the remote console server because the remote console server may itself have multiple UPSes attached that it manages locally with NUT Optionally enter a Description 82 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 8 Power Management Enter the IP Address or DNS name of the remote console server that is managing the remote UPS This may be another Black Box console server or it may be a generic Linux server running Network UPS Tools NOTE An example where centrally monitor remotely distributed UPSes is useful is a campus or large business site where there s a multitude of computer and other equipment sites spread afar each with their own UPS supply and many of these particularly the smaller sites will be USB or serially connected Having a console server at these remote sites would enable the system manager to centrally monitor the status of the power supplies at all sites and centralize alarms So he she can be warned to initiate a call out or shut down Check Log Status and specify the Log Rate minutes between samples if you want the status from this UPS to be logged You can view these logs from the Status UPS Status screen Check Enable Shutdown Script if this remote UPS is the UPS providing power to the console server itself If the UPS rea
233. pt from repeatedly calling itself After these lines have been removed edit the file or add any additional scripting to the file 15 1 3 Example Script Power Cycling on Pattern Match For example we have an RPC PDU connected to port 1 on a console server and also have some telecommunications device connected to port 2 which is powered by the RPC outlet 3 Now assume the telecom device transmits a character stream EMERGENCY out on its serial console port every time that it encounters some specific error and the only way to fix this error is to power cycle the telecom device The first step is to setup a pattern match alert on port 2 to check for the pattern EMERGENCY Next we need to create a custom script to deal with this alert cd mkdir etc config scripts if the directory does not already exist cp etc scripts portmanager pattern alert etc config scripts portmanager pattern alert NOTE Make sure to remove the if statement which checks for a custom script from the new script in order to prevent an infinite loop The pmpower utility is used to send power commands to an RPC device in order to power cycle our telecom device pmpower I port01 o 3 cycle The RPC is on serial port 1 The telecom device is powered by RPC outlet 3 We can now append this command to our custom script This will guarantee that our telecom device will be power cycled every time the console reads the EMERGENCY character stream on port 2 15 1 4 Ex
234. r pwd PL command pVv read ers t timeout p promp command arg readonly anf name or read return n compgen abcdefjkvu o option select NAME in WORDS do complete abcdefjkvu pr o o COMMANDS continue n set abefhkmnptuvxBCHP o opti declare afFrxi p name value shift n dirs clpv N N disown h ar jobspec shopt pqsu o long option opt source filename echo neE arg suspend f enable pnds a f filename test expr eval arg time p PIPELINE exec cl a name file redirec times exit n trap arg signal_spec export nf name or export true false type apt name name fc e ename nlr first last fg job_spec for NAME in WORDS do COMMA function NAME COMMANDS or NA getopts optstring name arg typeset afFrxi p name value ulimit SHacdflmnpstuv limit umask p S mode unalias a name unset f v name 164 hash r p pathname name help s pattern history c d offset n or hi if COMMANDS then COMMANDS elif jobs Inprs jobspec or job kill s sigspec n signum si let arg arg until COMMANDS do COMMANDS done variables Some variable names an wait n while COMMANDS do COMMANDS done COMMANDS 724 746 5500 blackbox com
235. r on the sent email Alerts SMTP amp SMS SNMP If this server requires authentication specify the username Username Password System Administration If this server requires authentication specify the password SSL Certificates Configuration Backup Firmware Re enter the password IP Date amp Time Dial If this server requires a specific subject line specify it here Confirm Subject Line Figure 7 1 SMTP and SMS screen In the SMTP Server field enter the outgoing mail Server s IP address If this mail server uses a Secure Connection specify its type You may enter a Sender email address which will appear as the from address in all email notifications sent from this console server Many SMTP servers check the sender s email address with the host domain name to verify the address as authentic So it may be useful to assign an email address for the console server such as consoleserver2 mydomain com 724 746 5500 blackbox com 67 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers You may also enter a Username and Password if the SMTP server requires authentication You can specify the specific Subject Line that will be sent with the email Click Apply to activate SMTP 7 1 2 SMS Alerts The console server uses email to SMS services to send SMS alert notifications to mobile devices Sending SMS via email using SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is much faster than sending text pages via a modem using the TAP Protocol Almost all m
236. r referido a personal de servicio calificado E e m3m aparato el ctrico debe ser situado de tal manera que su posici n no interfiera su uso La colocaci n del aparato ctrico sobre una cama sof alfombra o superficie similar puede bloquea la ventilaci n no se debe colocar en libreros o gabinetes que impidan el flujo de aire por los orificios de ventilaci n El equipo el ctrico deber ser situado fuera del alcance de fuentes de calor como radiadores registros de calor estufas u otros aparatos incluyendo amplificadores que producen calor El aparato el ctrico deber ser connectado a una fuente de poder s lo del tipo descrito en el instructivo de operaci n o como se indique en el aparato Precauci n debe ser tomada de tal manera que la tierra fisica y la polarizaci n del equipo no sea eliminada Los cables de la fuente de poder deben ser guiados de tal manera que no sean pisados ni pellizcados por objetos colocados sobre o contra ellos poniendo particular atenci n a los contactos y recept culos donde salen del aparato El equipo el ctrico debe ser limpiado nicamente de acuerdo a las recomendaciones del fabricante En caso de existir una antena externa deber ser localizada lejos de las lineas de energia El cable de corriente deber ser desconectado del cuando el equipo no sea usado por un largo periodo de tiempo Cuidado debe ser tomado de tal manera que objectos liquidos no sean derrama
237. racefully Make links between files Begin session on the system Black Box loopback diagnostic command Black Box loopback diagnostic command Black Box loopback diagnostic command Black Box loopback diagnostic command Black Box loopback diagnostic command Black Box loopback diagnostic command List directory contents Send and receive mai Make directories Create an MS DOS file system under Linux Make block or character special files File perusal filter for crt viewing Mount a file system SMTP mail client Move rename files TCP IP Swiss army knife Upgrade firmware on ucLinux platforms using the blkmem interface Print network connections routing tables interface statistics etc Network Time Protocol NTP daemon Display process es selected by regex pattern Find the process ID of a running program Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts IPv6 ping Sends a signal to process es selected by regex pattern Black Box command similar to the standard chat command via portmanager Black Box command similar to the standard tip or cu but all serial port access is directed via the portmanager Black Box command to query portmanager for active user sessions Black Box command that handles all serial port access DARPA port to RPC program number mapper Point to Point protocol daemon Report a snapshot of the current processes Print name of currentAworking directory Soft reboot Remove files or directories Remove empty dire
238. rage devices except for the storage device you want to use Usage etc scripts backup usb COMMAND FILE COMMAND check magic check volume label set magic set volume label save FILE save configuration to USB delete FILE delete a configuration tarbal from USB list list available config backups on USB load FILE load a specific config from USB load default load the default configuration set default FILE set which file becomes the default The first thing to do is to check if the USB disk has a label etc scripts backup usb check magic If this command returns Magic volume not found then run the following command etc scripts backup usb set magic 724 746 5500 blackbox com 141 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers To save the configuration aaa etc scripts backup usb save config 20May To check if the backup was saved correctly etc scripts backup usb list If this command does not display config 20May then there was an error saving the configuration The set default command takes an input file as an argument and renames it to default opg This default configuration remains stored on the USB disk The next time you want to load the default config it will be sourced from the new default opg file To set a config file as the default etc scripts backup usb set default config 20May To load this default etc scripts backup usb load default To load any other config file etc script
239. rce toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer SSL v2 v3 and Transport Layer Security TLS v1 protocols as well as a full strength general purpose cryptography library The project is managed by a worldwide community of volunteers that use the Internet to communicate plan and develop the OpenSSL toolkit and its related documentation OpenSSL is based on the excellent SSLeay library developed by Eric A Young and Tim J Hudson The OpenSSL toolkit is licensed under an Apache style license which basically means that you are free to get and use it for commercial and non commercial purposes subject to some simple license conditions In the console server OpenSSL is used primarily in conjunction with http to have secure browser access to the GUI management console across insecure networks More documentation on OpenSSL is available from http Awww openssl org docs apps openssl html http Avww openssl org docs HOWTO certificates txt 15 8 HTTPS The Management Console can be served using HTTPS by running the webserver via ssiwrap The server can be launched on request using inetd The HTTP server provided is a slightly modified version of the fnord httpd from http www fefe de fnord The SSL implementation is provided by the ss wrap application compiled with OpenSSL support You can find more detailed documentation at http www rickk com sslwra If your default network address is changed or the unit is to be accessed via a known
240. rch base For example dc my company dc com config s config auth ldap binddn name The distinguished name to bind to the server with The default is to bind anonymously config s config auth radius password passworad The following command will synchronize the live system with the new configuration config r auth 14 6 Network Hosts To determine the total number of currently configured hosts config g config sdt hosts total Assume this value is equal to 3 If you add another host make sure you increment the total number of hosts from 3 to 4 config s config sdt hosts total 4 If the output is config sdt hosts tota then assume 0 hosts are configured Add power device host To add a UPS RPC network host with the following details IP address DNS name 192 168 2 5 Host name remoteUPS Description UPSroom3 Type UPS Allowed services ssh port 22 and https port 443 Log level for services 0 Issue the commands below config s config sdt hosts host4 address 192 168 2 5 config s config sdt hosts host4 name remoteUPS config s config sdt hosts host4 description UPSroom3 config s config sdt hosts host4 device tyoe ups config s config sdt hosts host4 tcoports tcoport1 22 config s config sdt hosts host4 tcoports tcpport loglevel 0 config s config sdt hosts host4 udpports udpport2 443 config s config sdt hosts host4 udpports udpport2 loglevel 0 The oglevel can have a value of 0 or 1 The
241. re licensed under the GNU General Public License version 2 which Black Box supports You may obtain a copy of the GNU General Public License at http www fsf org copyleft gpl html Black Box will provide source code for any of the components of the software licensed under the GNU General Public License upon request The console server also embodies the okvm console management software This is GPL code and the full source is available from http okvm sourceforge net The console server BIOS boot loader code is a port of uboot which is also a GPL package with source openly available The console server CGls the html code xml code and web config tools for the Management Console are proprietary to Black Box however the code will be provided to customers under NDA Also inbuilt in the console server is a Port Manager application and Configuration tools as described in Chapters 15 and 76 These both are proprietary to Black Box but open to customers as above The console server also supports GNU bash shell script enabling the Administrator to run custom scripts GNU bash version 2 05 0 1 release arm Black Box linux gnu offers the following shell commands alias p name value local name value bg job_spec logout bind lpvsPVS m keymap f fi break n popd N N n builtin shell builtin arg printf format arguments case WORD in PATTERN PATTERN pushd dir N N n cd PL di
242. rmance Logon Settings Type the name of the computer or choose a computer from the drop down list Computer General Protocol User Name Password Domain Client Hostname Protocol File E Open Ay Save As Figure 6 26 RDP protocol NOTE The rdesktop client is supplied with Red Hat 9 0 rpm ivh rdesktop 1 2 0 1 i386 rpm For Red Hat 8 0 or other distributions of Linux download source untar configure make make then install rdesktop currently runs on most UNIX based platforms with the X Window System and can be downloaded from http Avww rdesktop org On a Macintosh client Download Microsoft s free Remote Desktop Connection client for Mac OS X http Avww microsoft com mac otherproducts otherproducts aspx pid remotedesktopclientSDT SSH Tunnel for VNC 6 9 SDT SSH Tunnel for VNC With SDT and Virtual Network Computing VNC Users and Administrators can securely access and control Windows 98 NT 2000 XP 2003 Linux Macintosh Solaris and UNIX computers There s a range of popular free and commercial VNC software available UltraVNC RealVNC TightVNC To set up a secure VNC connection install and configure the VNC Server software on the computer the user will access then install and configure the VNC Viewer software on the Viewer PC 6 9 1 Install and Configure the VNC Server on the Computer to be Accessed Virtual Network Computing VNC software enables users to remotely acces
243. s alert2 port on config s config alerts alert2 sensor temp config s config alerts alert2 signal DSR DCD CTS config s config alerts alert2 type signal Pattern Match Alert To trigger an alert if the regular expression 0 0 id is found in serial port 10 s character stream 130 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 14 Configuration from the Command Line config s config alerts alert2 pattern 0 0 id config s config alerts alert2 port10 on config s config alerts alert2 sensor temp config s config alerts alert2 signal DSR config s config alerts alert2 type pattern UPS Power Status Alert To trigger an alert when myUPS on localhost or thatUPS on remote host 792 768 0 50 power status changes between on line on battery and low battery config s config alerts alert2 sensor temp config s config alerts alert2 signal DSR config s config alerts alert2 type ups config s config alerts alert2 ups1 myUPS localhost config s config alerts alert2 ups2 thatUPS 192 168 0 50 Power Sensor Alert config s config alerts alert2 enviro high critical critical value config s config alerts alert2 enviro high warning warning value config s config alerts alert2 enviro hysteresis value config s config alerts alert2 enviro low critical critical value config s config alerts alert2 enviro low warning warning value config s config alerts a
244. s backup usb load filename The etc scripts backup usb script can be executed directly with various COMMANDS or called from other custom scripts you may create We recommend that you do not customize the etc scripts backup usb script itself at all 15 1 9 Backing Up the Configuration Off Box If you do not have a USB port on your console server you can back up the configuration to an off box file Before backing up you need to arrange a way to transfer the backup off box This could be via an NFS share a Samba Windows share to USB storage or copied off box via the network If backing up directly to off box storage make sure it is mounted tmp is not a good location for the backup except as a temporary location before transferring it off box The tmp directory will not survive a reboot The etc config directory is not a good place either because it will not survive a restore Backup and restore should be done by the root user to make sure correct file permissions are set The config command is used to create a backup tarball config e lt Output File gt The tarball will be saved to the indicated location It will contain the contents of the etc config directory in an uncompressed and unencrypted form Example nfs storage mount t nfs 192 168 0 2 backups mnt config e mnt les4108 config umount mnt Example transfer off box via scp config e tmp les4 108 config scp tmp les4108 contig 192 168 0 2 backups Th
245. s computers running Linux Macintosh Solaris UNIX all versions of Windows and most other operating systems For Microsoft Windows servers and clients Windows does not include VNC software so you will need to download install and activate a third party VNC Server software package 56 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 6 Secure SSH Tunneling and SDT Connector REAL RealVNC http Awww realvnc com is fully cross platform so a desktop running on a Linux machine may be displayed on a Windows PC on a Solaris machine or on any number of other architectures There is a Windows server allowing you to view the desktop of a remote Windows machine on any of these platforms using exactly the same viewer RealVNC was Cc founded by members of the AT amp T team who originally developed VNC TightVNC http Awww tightvnc com is an enhanced version of VNC It has added features such as file transfer performance improvements and read only password support They have just recently included a video drive much like UltraVNC TightVNC is still free cross platform Windows Unix and Linux and compatible with the standard Real VNC UltraVNC http ultravnc com is easy to use fast and free VNC software that has pioneered and perfected features that the other flavors have consistently refused or been very slow to implement for cross platform and minimalist reasons UltraVNC runs under Windows operating systems 95 98 Me NT4 2000 XP 2003
246. s config system nagios nrpe enabled on config s config system nagios nrpe port 5600 config s config system nagios user user1 config s config system nagios nrpe group group 1 config s config system nagios nrpe cmdargs on To configure NSCA with the following settings NSCA encryption BLOWFISH can be None XOR DES TRPLEDES CAST 256 BLOWFISH TWOFISH RUNDAEL 256 SERPENT GOST NSCA password secret NSCA check in interval 5 minutes NSCA port 5650 defaults to 5667 user to run as User1 defaults to nsca group to run as Group1 defaults to nobody config s config system nagios nsca enabled on config s config system nagios nsca encryption BLOWFISH config s config system nagios nsca secret secret config s config system nagios nsca interval 2 config s config system nagios nsca port 5650 config s config system nagios nsca user User1 config s config system nagios nsca group Group 1 Then synchronize the live system with the new configuration using config a 724 746 5500 blackbox com 135 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers 15 Advanced Configuration Black Box console servers run the embedded Linux operating system So Administrator class users can configure the console server and monitor and manage attached serial console and host devices from the command line using Linux commands and the config utility as described in Chapter 14 The Linux kernel in the console server also
247. s port5 bridge ssh enabled on Syslog settings Additionally the global system log settings can be set for any specific port in any mode config s config ports port syslog facility facility facility can be Default local 0 7 auth authpriv cron daemon ftp kern lor mail news user uucp config s config ports port syslog priority priority priority can be Default warning notice Info error emergency debug critical alert 14 3 Adding and Removing Users First determine the total number of existing Users if you have no existing Users you can assume this is 0 config g config users total This command should display config users tota 1 Note that if you see config users total this means you have O Users configured 122 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 14 Configuration from the Command Line Your new User will be the existing total plus 1 If the previous command gave you 0 then you start with user number 1 If you already have 1 user your new user will be number 2 etc To add a user with Username John Password secret and Description mySecondUser issue the commands config s config users total 2 assuming we already have 1 user configured config s config users user2 username John config s config users user2 description mySecondUser config P config users user2 password NOTE The P parameter will prompt the user for a password and encrypt it You can encrypt the value of an
248. sa pub the public key and id_d sa the private key For example ssh keygen t rsa dsa Generating public private rsa dsa key pair Enter file in which to save the key home user ssh id_ rsa dsa Enter passphrase empty for no passphrase Enter same passphrase again Your identification has been saved in home user ssh id_ rsa dsa Your public key has been saved in home user ssh id_ rsa dsa pub 724 746 5500 blackbox com 147 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers The key fingerprint is 28 aa 29 38 ba 40 14 11 5e 36 d4 fa e5 36 14 d6 user server Create a new directory to store your generated keys You can also name the files after the device they will be used for For example mkdir keys ssh keygen t rsa Generating public private rsa key pair Enter file in which to save the key home user ssh id_rsa home user keys control_room Enter passphrase empty for no passphrase Enter same passphrase again Your identification has been saved in home user keys control_room Your public key has been saved in home user keys control_room pub The key fingerprint is 28 aa 29 38 ba 40 14 11 5e 3f 04 fa e5 36 14 d6 user server Make sure that there is no password associated with the keys If there is a password then the Black Box devices will have no way to supply it as runtime Full documentation for the ssh keygen command can be found at http 15 6 3 Installing the SSH Public Private Keys Cluster
249. same structure as the menu items in the web GUI 14 1 Accessing config from the Command Line The console server runs a standard Linux kernel and embeds a suite of open source applications If you do not want to use a browser and the Management Console tools you can configure the console server and manage connected devices from the command line using standard Linux commands and applications such as ifconfig gettyd stty powerman nut etc Without care these configurations may not withstand a power cycle reset or reconfigure Black Box provides a number of custom command line utilities and scripts to make it simple to configure the console server and make sure the changes are stored in the console server s flash memory etc In particular the config utility allows you to manipulate the system configuration from the command line With config you can activate a new configuration by running the relevant configurator which performs the action needed to make the configuration changes live To access config from the command line Power on the console server and connect the terminal device If you are connecting using the serial line plug a serial cable between the console server local DB9 console port and terminal device Configure the serial connection of the terminal device you are using to 115200 bps 8 data bits no parity and one stop bit If you are connecting over the LAN then you will need to interconnect the Ethernet ports and dir
250. screen The getty will then configure the port and wait for a connection to be made An active connection on a serial device is usually indicated by the Data Carrier Detect DCD pin on the serial device being raised When a connection is detected the getty program issues a login prompt and then invokes the login program to handle the actual system login NOTE Selecting Terminal Server mode will disable Port Manager for that serial port so data is no longer logged for alerts etc 5 1 6 Serial Bridging Mode With serial bridging the serial data on a nominated serial port on one console server is encapsulated into network packets and then transported over a network to a second console server It is then represented on its serial port again as serial data The two console servers effectively act as a virtual serial cable over an IP network One console server is configured as the Server Set the Server serial port to be bridged in Console Server mode with either RFC2217 or RAW enabled as described in Chapter 5 7 2 Console Server Mode For the Client console server the serial port to bridge must be set in Bridging Mode 32 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 5 Serial Port Host Device and User Configuration Serial Bridge Settings Serial Bridging Mode Create a network connection to a remote serial port via RFC 2217 Server Address The network address of an RFC 2217 server to connect to Server TCP Port The TCP port the RFC 2217 server
251. server Mode Check Telnet or SSH and scroll to the bottom and click Apply Select Network Hosts from Serial amp Network and click Add Host In the IP Address DNS Name field enter 127 0 0 1 this is the Black Box network loopback address and enter Loopback in Description Remove all entries under Permitted Services select TCP and enter 200n in Port This configures the Telnet port enabled in the previous step so for Port 2 you would enter 2002 Click Add then scroll to the bottom and click Apply Administrators by default have gateway and serial port access privileges however for Users to access the gateway and the serial port you will need to give those Users the required access privileges Select Users amp Groups from Serial amp Network Click Add User Enter a Username Description and Password Confirm Select 127 0 0 1 from Accessible Host s and select Port 2 from Accessible Port s Click Apply 6 5 Using SDT Connector for Out of Band Connection to the Gateway You can also set up SDT Connector to connect to the console server gateway out of band OoB OoB access uses an alternate path for connecting to the gateway to that used for regular data traffic OoB access is useful for when the primary link into the gateway is unavailable or unreliable Typically a gateway s primary link is a broadband Internet connection or Internet connection via a LAN or VPN and the secondary out of band connectivity is provided by a dial up or w
252. service is clicked To add to the pool of client programs Select Edit Preferences and click the Client tab Click Add E SDTConnector File Edit Help K SDTConnector Preferences Add Client I Client name Path to client executable file Command line format for client executable 0K _ 3 Cancel Figure 6 14 Add Client screen Enter a Name for the client Enter the Path to the executable file for the client or click Browse to locate the executable 724 746 5500 blackbox com 47 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers Enter a Command Line associated with launching the client application SDT Connector typically launches a client using command line arguments to point it at the local endpoint of the redirection There are three special keywords for specifying the command line format When launching the client SDT Connector substitutes these keywords with the appropriate values Ypath is path to the executable file that is the previous field Yhost is the local address to which the local endpoint of the redirection is bound that is the Local Address field for the Service redirection Advanced options port is the local port to which the local endpoint of the redirection is bound that is the Local TCP Port field for the Service redirection Advanced options If this port is unspecified that is Any the appropriate randomly selected port will be subs
253. set to rpc To add an RPC with the following values RPC type APC 7900 Connected via Port 2 UPS name MyRPC Description RPC in room 5 Login name for device rpclogin Login password for device secret SNMP community v1 or v2c Logging Enabled Log interval 600 second Number of power outlets 4 depends on the type model of the RPC 128 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 14 Configuration from the Command Line config s config ports port2 power type APC 7900 config s config ports port2 power name MyRPC config s config ports port2 power description RPC in room 5 config s config ports port2 power username rpclogin config s config ports port2 power password secret config s config ports port2 power snmp community v1 config s config ports port2 power log enabled on config s config ports port2 power log interval 600 config s config ports port2 power outlets 4 The following five commands are used by the Management Console to add the RPC to Managed Devices config s config devices device3 connections connection 1 name myRPC config s config devices device3 connections connection1 tyoe RPC Unit config s config devices device3 name myRPC config s config devices device3 description RPC in room 5 config s config devices total 3 The following command will synchronize the live system with the new configuration config a 14 11 Managed Devices To add a managed de
254. sktopVNCandSSH html Taking your desktop virtual with VNC Red Hat magazine http Avww redhat com magazine O06apr05 features vnc and http Avww redhat com magazine 007 may05 features vnc Wikipedia general background on VNC http en wikipedia orgAwikiVNC 6 10 Using SDT to IP Connect to Hosts that are Serially Attached to the Gateway Network IP protocols like RDP VNC and HTTP can also be used for connecting to host devices that are serially connected through their COM port to the console server To do this you must establish a PPP connection Section 6 7 between the host and the gateway then set up Secure Tunneling Ports on the console server Section 6 7 then configure SDT Connector to use the appropriate network protocol to access IP consoles on the host devices that are attached to the Console server serial ports Section 6 7 724 746 5500 blackbox com 59 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers 6 10 1 Establish a PPP Connection between the Host COM Port and Console Server This step is only necessary for serially connected computers First physically connect the COM port on the host computer you want to access to the serial port on the console server then For non Windows Linux UNIX Solaris etc computers establish a PPP connection over the serial port The online tutorial http Avww yolinux com TUTORIALS LinuxTutorialPPP htm presents a selection of methods for establishing a PPP connection for Linux For Windows X
255. smon upsd and upsc settings for this UPS hardware directly from the command line 8 2 2 Remote UPS Management A Remote UPS is a UPS that is connected as a Managed Device to a remote console server that is monitored but not managed by your console server You can configure the upsc and upsiog clients in the Black Box console server to monitor remote servers that are running Network UPS Tools managing their locally connected UPSes These remote servers might be other Black Box console servers or generic Linux servers running NUT You can centrally monitor all these distributed UPSes which may be spread in a row in a data center around a campus property or across the country through the one central console server window To add a Remote UPS Select the Serial amp Network UPS Connections menu The Remote UPSes section will display all the remote UPS devices being monitored Click Add Remote UPS System Name lt SBLACK BOX NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port Add Remote UPS Users amp Groups UPS Name Authentication Nakiri Hosts The name ofthis UPS Trusted Networks Cascaded Ports UPS Connections An optional description RPC Connections Environmental Managed Devices The address or DNS name of the host managing this UPS Description Address Log Status Alerts amp Logging Port Log Wess Log Rate aE SMTP amp SMS _ SNMP Minutes Periodically log UPS status en samples Salam A
256. sole server serial ports and specified network attached hosts These users can also be given full Administrator status with full configuration and management and access privileges To simplify user set up they can be configured as members of Groups There are two Groups set up by default admin and user 1 Members of the admin group have full Administrator privileges The admin user Administrator can access the console server using any of the services that are enabled in System Services For example if only HTTPS has been enabled then the Administrator can only access the console server using HTTPS Once logged in they can reconfigure the console server settings for example to enabled HTTP Telnet for future access They can also access any of the connected Hosts or serial port devices using any of the services that have been enabled for these connections The Administrator can reconfigure the access services for any Host or serial port Only trusted users should have Administrator access NOTE For convenience the SDT Connector Retrieve Hosts function retrieves and auto configures checked serial ports and checked hosts only even for admin group users 2 Members of the user group have limited access to the console server and connected Hosts and serial devices These Users can access only the Management section of the Management Console menu and they have no command line access to the console server They also can only access those Ho
257. st or RPC device The following command will synchronize the live system with the new configuration config a 14 5 Authentication To change the type of authentication for the console server config s config auth type authtype authtype can be Local LocalTACACS TACACS TACACSLocal TACACSDownLocal LocalRADIUS RADIUS RADIUSLocal RADIUSDownLocal LocalLDAP LDAP LDAPLocal LDAPDownLocal 124 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 14 Configuration from the Command Line To configure TACACS authentication config s config auth tacacs auth_server comma separated list list of remote authentiction and authorization servers config s config auth tacacs acct_server comma separated list list of remote accounting servers If unset Authentication and Authorization Server Address will be used config s config auth tacacs password password To configure RADIUS authentication config s config auth radius auth_server comma separated list list of remote authentiction and authorization servers config s config auth radius acct_server comma separated list list of remote accounting servers If unset Authentication and Authorization Server Address will be used config s config auth radius password passworad To configure LDAP authentication config s config auth dap server comma separated list list of remote servers config s config auth dap basedn name The distinguished name of the sea
258. status Minutes between samples Apply Figure 8 8 Add managed UPS screen Select if the UPS will be Connected Via USB over a pre configured serial port or via SNMP HTTP HTTPS over the preconfigured network Host connection When you select a network UPS connection then the corresponding Host Name Description that you set up for that connection will be entered as the Name and Description for the power device Or if you selected to Connect Via a USB or serial connection then you will need to enter a Name and Description for the power device and these details will also be used to create a new Managed Device entry for the serial USB connected UPS devices Enter the login details This Username and Password is used by s aves of this UPS that is other computers that are drawing power through this UPS to connect to the console server to monitor the UPS status so they can shut themselves down when battery power is low Monitoring will typically be performed using the upsmon client running on the slave server refer to Section 8 2 3 NOTE These login credentials are not related to the Users and access privileges you configured in Serial amp Networks Users amp Groups If you have multiple UPSes and require them to be shut down in a specific order specify the Shutdown Order for this UPS This is a whole positive number or 7 Os shut down first then 7s 2s etc 1s are not shut down at all Defaults to 0 Select the Driver that you
259. sts and serial devices that are checked for them using services that are enabled 3 The Administrator can also set up additional Groups with specific serial port and host access permissions same as Users However users in these additional groups don t have any access to the Management Console menu or any command line access to the console server itself Finally the Administrator can also set up users who are not a member of any Groups They will have the same access as users in the additional groups To set up new Groups and new users and to classify users as members of particular Groups Select Serial amp Network Users amp Groups to display the configured Groups and Users Click Add Group to add a new Group Add a Group name and Description for each new Group then nominate the Accessible Hosts Accessible Ports and Accessible RPC Outlets s that you want any users in this new Group to be able to access Click Apply 34 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 5 Serial Port Host Device and User Configuration a System Name BLACK BOX oo NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port Add a New user Users amp Groups Username Authentication Network Hosts A unique name for the user Trusted Networks Description Cascaded Ports UPS Connections RPC Connections Groups a Environmental nt privil Managed Devices Alerts amp Logging PortLog Password Alerts SMTP amp SMS The users authentication secret Note
260. te console server so two serial port devices can transparently interconnect over a network see Chapter 5 7 6 Serial Bridging RFC2217 Selecting RFC2217 enables serial port redirection on that port For RFC2217 the default port address is IP Address _ Port 5000 serial port that is 5001 5002 Special client software is available for Windows UNIX and Linux that supports RFC2217 virtual com ports so a remote host can monitor and manage remote serially attached devices as though they were connected to the local serial port see Chapter 5 6 Serial Port Redirection for details RFC2217 also enables the serial port to be tunneled to a remote console server so two serial port devices can transparently interconnect over a network see Chapter 5 7 6 Serial Bridging Unauthenticated Telnet Selecting Unauthenticated Telnet enables telnet access to the serial port without requiring the user to provide credentials When a user accesses the console server to telnet to a serial port he normally is given a login prompt With unauthenticated telnet the user connects directly through to a port with any console server login This mode is mainly used when you have an external system such as conserver managing user authentication and access privileges at the serial device level For Unauthenticated Telnet the default port address is IP Address _ Port 6000 serial port i e 6001 6002 Accumulation Period By default once a connection is
261. teen configurators Each one is responsible for a specific group of config for example the users configurator makes the user configurations in the config xmI file live To see all the available configurators type the following from a command line prompt config When a change is made using the Management Console web GUI the appropriate configurator automatically runs This can be a problem if another Administrator makes a change using the Management Console The configurator could possibly overwrite any custom CLIinux configurations you may have set The solution is to create a custom script that runs after each configurator runs After each configurator runs it will check whether that appropriate custom script exists You can then add any commands to the custom script and they will be invoked after the configurator runs The custom scripts must be in the correct location etc contig scripts config post To create an alerts custom script cd etc config scripts touch config post alerts vi config post alerts You could use this script to recover a specific backup config or overwrite a config or make copies of config files etc 15 1 8 Backing Up the Configuration and Restoring Using a Local USB Stick The et scripts backup usb script is written to save and load custom configuration using a USB flash disk Before saving configuration locally you must prepare the USB storage device for use To do this disconnect all USB sto
262. tests 5 times in succession with no timeouts on any runs There are a number of ways to increase the number of checks you can do Usually when using NRPE checks an individual request will need to set up and tear down an SSL connection This overhead can be avoided by setting up an SSH session to the console server and tunneling the NRPE port This allows the NRPE daemon to run securely without SSL encryption because SSH will provide the security When the console server submits NSCA results it staggers them over a certain time period for example 20 checks over 10 minutes will result in two check results every minute Staggering the results like this means that if the power fails or other incident causes multiple problems the individual freshness checks will be staggered too NSCA checks are also batched In the previous example the two checks per minute are sent through in a single transaction 724 746 5500 blackbox com 103 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers 10 4 4 Distributed Monitoring Usage Scenarios Below are a number of distributed monitoring Nagios scenarios Local office In this scenario the console server is set up to monitor each managed device s console Configure it to make a number of checks either actively at the Nagios server s request or passively at preset intervals and submit the results to the Nagios server in a batch You can augment the console server at the local office site by one or more Intelligent Power
263. the console server command line and with devices attached to the console server serial ports using SDT Connector and their local tenet client or use a java terminal in their browser Select Manage Terminal N System Name A c Firmware BLACK BOX pan NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port SDTConnector Users amp Groups Authentication Network Hosts TRAN Connect via SDTConnector Cascaded Ports UPS Connections RPC Connections Environmental Managed Devices Note inal Alerts amp Logging Java Termina Port Log elect File gt Open SHELL Session from the menu bel Alerts BlackBox units serial ports append serial to the userna SMTP amp SMS SNMP System Administration SSL Certificates Configuration Backup i i Firmware File Proxy PortForwarding Etc Help IP Date amp Time Dial Figure 13 4 Managing terminal H To access the Click Connect to SDT Connector to access the console server s command line shell or the serial ports via SDT Connector This will to activate the SDT Connector client on the computer you are browsing from and load your local telnet client to connect to the command line or serial port using SSH System Name Model LI 16A Firmware 2 8 0u2 lt SBLACK BOX Uptime 0 days 21 hours 4 min S Current User root NETWORK SERVICES aA Bacup Log Out Serial amp Network Serial Port sDTConnector Users amp Groups Note To access the BlackBox u
264. the open source PowerMan IPMItool or Network UPS Tools and Black Box s pmpower utility arches over these tools so the devices can be controlled through one command line pmpoweer h I device r host o outlet u username p password action h This help message 1 The serial port to use o The outlet on the power target to apply to r The remote host address for the power target u Override the configured username p Override the configured password on This action switches the specified device or outlet s on off This action switches the specified device or outlet s off cycle This action switches the specified device or outlet s off and on again 156 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 15 Advanced Configuration status This action retrieves the current status of the device or outlet Examples To turn outlet 4 of the power device connected to serial port 2 on pmpower I port02 o 4 on To turn an IPMI device off located at IP address 192 168 1 100 where username is root and password is calvin pmpower r 192 168 1 100 u root p calvin off Default system Power Device actions are specified in etc oowerstrips xml Custom Power Devices can be added in etc config powerstrips xml If an action is attempted that has not been configured for a specific Power Device pmpower will exit with an error 15 9 3 Adding New RPC Devices There are a number of simple paths to adding support for new RPC devices T
265. thentication ccceceeeseeesteeeeee 124 14 6 Network Hosts 125 14 7 Trusted Networks 126 14 8 Cascaded Ports 127 14 9 UPS Connections 127 TA TORPE COMMOCUONS icici tetetete tetee iienaa tate enait tate teate aei a Eiaa e See e a ea aetate hutehsdcnsebetstil dbttesetebeteset bitentte 128 TALS SNM P naea eR ER E ete sence E ct cect ned ine B E a E tated pene se Rae deans mterneaneat 132 14 16 Administration 132 14 17 IP Settings 0 2 132 14 18 Date and Time Settings 133 14 19 DHCP Server 134 14 20 Services 134 MAEDA AGIOS coaster ace eg aretha as estas ena ge ne ae ee leet ees tet 135 15 Adva ced Configuratio siiis aeei i i ait eie evden Aaa Ea A Ee ie bi aeaea a da aii irda iadaaa eiii 136 15 WeGUStOM SCM ptn gereen EE A e a EEE eee oes E 136 15 1 1 Custom Script to Run When Booting ceeee 136 15 1 2 Running Custom Scripts When Alerts are Triggered 1136 15 1 3 Example Script Power Cycling on Pattern Match c eccscecsessssecesesessesessesessesessesnssesucaesucsesesseeesseeusasensaeeusaesesaesesatesateeseeenseneeeeees 137 15 1 4 Example Script Multiple Email Notifications On Each Alert ccccccccccccessscsessesessseseseesessseseenesesssesesneseassesestessassesesnesssseseeteeasees 137 15 1 6 Power Cycle Any Device When a Ping Request Fails 1 7 Running Custom Scripts When a Configurator is Invoked
266. tio SNMP Environmental d Select which widget to display in this System Administration Apply SSL Certificates o Configuration Backup Firmware Delete dashboard for group admin ip Figure 12 7 Configure dashboard screen NOTE The Alerts widget is a new screen that shows the current alerts status When an alert gets triggered a corresponding XML file is created in Aar run alerts The dashboard scans all these files and displays a summary status in the alerts widget When an alert is deleted the corresponding XML files that belong to that alert are also deleted 724 746 5500 blackbox com 113 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers To configure what is to be displayed by each widget Go to the Configure widgets panel and configure each selected widget for example specify which UPS status is to be displayed on the ups widget or the maximum number of Managed Devices to be displayed in the devices widget Click Apply Vow System Name c Model LES1216A Firmware 2 8 0u2 ba 0 pas Uptime 0 day 0 ho 53 mins 7 s Current User root N2 Backup Log Out NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port Users amp Groups Authentication lo UPSes are curren Network Hosts Configuring Das Trusted Networks Cascaded Ports UPS Connections RPC Connections Widget 1 Alerts Environmental Managed Devices Configure Widgets Amount Alerts amp Logging Alerts Port Log Alerts SMTP amp SMS SNMP
267. tituted For example SDT Connector is preconfigured for Windows installations with a HTTP service client that will connect with the local browser that the local Windows user has configured as the default Otherwise the default browser used is Firefox Also some clients are launched in a command line or terminal window The Telnet client is an example of this so the Path to client executable file is telnet and the Command line format for client executable is cmd c start path Yhost port Click OK 48 amp SDTConnector File Edit Help O GS Edit Client eee SENT Client name HTTP browser Path to client executable file rundll32 url dll FileProtocolHandler Command line format for client executable path http host port 2 ok 3 cance Figure 6 15 HTTP browser client SDTConnector File Edit Help Client name Telnet client Path to client executable file telnet Command line format for client executable cmd c start path host port OK X Cancel Figure 6 16 Telnet client 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 6 Secure SSH Tunneling and SDT Connector 6 3 SDT Connector to Management Console You can also configure SDT Connector for browser access to the console server s Management Console and for Telnet or SSH access to the command line For these
268. to respond to incoming ICMP echo requests Ping is enabled by default For security reasons you should disable this service after initial configuration And there are some serial port access parameters that you can configure on this menu 724 746 5500 blackbox com 23 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers e Base The console server uses specific default ranges for the TCP IP ports for the various access services that Users and Administrators can use to access devices attached to serial ports as covered in Chapter 4 Configuring Serial Ports The Administrator can also set alternate ranges for these services and these secondary ports will then be used in addition to the defaults The default TCP IP base port address for telnet access is 2000 and the range for telnet is IP Address Port 2000 serial port that is 2001 2002 If the Administrator sets 8000 as a secondary base for telnet then serial port 2 on the console server can be accessed via telnet at IP Address 2002 and at IP Address 8002 The default base for SSH is 3000 for Raw TCP is 4000 and for RFC2217 it is 5000 Click Apply As you apply your services selections the screen will be updated with a confirmation message Message Changes to configuration succeeded 4 5 Communications Software You have configured access protocols for the Administrator client to use when connecting to the console server User clients who you may set up later will also use these protocols when
269. ts that are network connected to the console server is in Chapter 6 Secure Tunneling SDT Connector can be installed on Windows 2000 XP 2003 Windows Vista Windows NT PCs and on most Linux UNIX and Solaris computers 24 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 4 System Configuration 4 5 2 PuTTY You can also use communications packages like PUTTY to connect to the console server command line and to connect serially attached devices as covered in Chapter 5 PuTTY is a freeware implementation of Telnet and SSH for Windows and UNIX platforms It runs as an executable application without needing to be installed onto your system PuTTY the Telnet and SSH client itself can be downloaded from htto www tucows com preview 195286 html ig PuTTY Configuration Category B Session Logging B Terminal Keyboard Bell Features 6 Window B Connection Data Proxy Telnet Rlogin 6 SSH Kex Auth TTY Bugs Serial Basic options for your PuTTY session Specify the destination you want to connect to Host Name or IP address Port 192 168 252 202 22 Connection type 5Raw Telnet Rogn SSH Serial Load save or delete a stored session Saved Sessions Default Settings Close window on exit 5 Always Never Only onclean ext Figure 4 8 PUTTY screen 4 5 3 SSHTerm To use PUTTY for an SSH terminal session from a Windows client enter the console server s IP address as the
270. tus sccheat ote T den eae ai eine VaandeonisenanenGadn aan duanieeuGaenuncnvacntegnimenas 83 8 2 6 Overview of Network UPS Tools NUT uo ecccececccecescescscescescecceceeseesececeuseesecsesesseesecssssesacsecsssassesessassecsuseesasseceasessasseceetasseseesertesseseeees 84 9D AUTMOMUCAUOM AAAren EO EE daeeaste reas nue aes earn ien rence tune eae earner reentrant rae een rerereine rant ene tie 87 9 1 Authentication Configuration 87 9 1 1 Local Authentication 87 9 1 2 TACACS Authentication 87 9 1 3 RADIUS Authentication 88 9 1 4 LDAP Authentication 0 0 wn 89 9 1 5 RADIUS TACACS User COntiQUration essieu insania eeen EE eects aaa cinerea eee 89 9 2 Pluggable Authentication Modules PAM ziv decescousss cissscssetai vesnsetstasseths apart e eE aE vistas maadtas tenets aaron 90 3 SSL CCA CALS 222 ave e sek xvas EE A A E E EE E E ne ee dtp anaes E eee eee see oe 91 ONEEN e reie a AE cheek al ogea peuiaied ad dese eset heave eet E eed ella ie ede 94 10 1 Nagios OVErViIGW ccccececeseseseseseeeseeeeeeeeeeeteteesesesesesteeeeees ww 94 10 2 Central Management and Setting Up SDT for Nagios wee 95 10 2 1 Setup Central Nagios Server c cccceeseceeeees 96 10 2 2 Setup Distributed Console Servers w 96 10 3 Gontiguring Nagios Distributed MONITO MING s s sesse e E e EAEE EEEE EEEE REE 98 10 3 1 Enable Nagios on the Console Server sscecsesessssessesessesessesessesesesucsesusscsusees
271. ucecsussesusacsuseesusaesuseesesecsuseeeuseessessusessnsetensetsnseeeesetenteees 98 10 3 2 Enable NRPE Monitoring cccee 99 10 3 3 Enable NSCA Monitoring ww 99 10 3 4 Configure Selected Serial Ports for Nagios MOnitoring ccc ccc ecesscseseeeeseseseseseesesceeseseesesesssnseasseseeeueatsnsesteneatsesestensasseseseeeatees 100 10 3 5 Configure Selected Network Hosts for Nagios MONItOring cccccecceccceceessseseseeescseseseesessscecesenssesesceneueasseseetensassesesnensasieseeneeatess 100 10 3 6 Configure the Upstream Nagios Monitoring Host 1 10 4 Advanced Distributed Monitoring Configuration P 104 1 Sample Nagios COMTIQUIATION ssccvess ocsecontesseaszeesasetzeiieesncssssaeseaibse tsedtuasteedidestaeshenstuneatsracdrantee sued ac EE EE 10 42 Basic NAG IOS PIUG IASs sisine edee aaae a P ae de A ea AE E Ee a a E E a a EAEri EaR EAE SAET ar 1 10 4 3 Number of Supported Devices 00 1 10 4 4 Distributed Monitoring Usage Scenarios 724 746 5500 blackbox com Table of Contents T1 System Management scented aarabele dati e a du Gamuisdaiy ia ea 106 11 1 System Administration and Reset 106 11 2 Upgrade Firmware ou 107 11 3 Configure Date and Time 108 11 4 COMmfiG uration BACKUP seatvives up duane deyetanieaneateias reli Geas tain EO 108 12 Status RED OMS sisie a catenin eens enti ab denteeasts ceed ease eee enka dd edna E Ree eat 110 12 1
272. ure the serial port using the Serial amp Network Serial Port menu refer to Section 5 1 Configure Serial Port Select Serial amp Network Managed Devices and click Add Device e Enter a Device Name and Description for the Managed Device System Name c 81216A Firmware BLACK BOX meetis rars sr mns asses cuneos NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network i Serial Port Add a New Device Users amp Groups Device Name Authentication Network Hosts A descriptive name for this device Trusted Networks Description Notes Cascaded Ports UPS Connections A brief description of the device RPC Connections Environmental Managed Devices Connections Alerts amp Logging Serial Poti Delete Port Log l Alerts re ae Network Host SMTP amp SMS Add Connection RPC SNMP o UPS System Apply Figure 5 21 Add a new device screen Click Add Connection and select Serial and the Port that connects to the Managed Device e To add a UPS RPC power connection or network connection or another serial connection click Add Connection e Click Apply NOTE To set up anew serially connected RPC UPS or EMD device configure the serial port designate it as a Device then enter a Name and Description for that device in the Serial amp Network RPC Connections or UPS Connections or Environmental When applied this will automatically create a corresponding new Managed Device with the same Name Description as the RPC UPS Host refer to Chapter 8
273. urn OFF J Cycle Status You will only be presented with icons for those operations that are supported by the Target you have selected XN s System Name ACS Uptime 0 days NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port er es Users amp Groups Target Pot2 APC PDU Outlet Outlet1 1 Authentication Select a power device vanag Outlet 1 1 Network Hosts Outlet 2 2 Trusted Networks Action Turn On Turn Outlet 3 3 le Status Cascaded Ports Outlet 4 4 UPS Connections Perform an action on the power RPC Connections utlet 6 6 Environmental Status No existing status th Outlet7 7 may not be completed Managed Devices Outlet 8 8 Outlet 9 9 z Outlet 10 10 Outlet 11 11 Outlet 12 12 Alerts Outlet 13 13 Pei Outlet 14 14 Figure 8 4 Selected operations supported by target 8 1 4 RPC Status You can monitor the current status of your network and serially connected PDUs and IPMI RPCs Select the Status RPC Status menu and a table with the summary status of all connected RPC hardware will be displayed Click on View Log or select the RPCLogs menu and you will be presented with a table of the history and detailed graphical information on the selected RPC Click Manage to query or control the individual power outlet This will take you to the Manage Power screen 8 2 Uninterruptible Power Supply Control UPS You can configure all Black Box console servers to manage locally and r
274. utton Send the saved CSR string to a Certification Authority CA for certification You will get the new certificate from the CA after a more or less complicated traditional authentication process depending on the CA Upload the certificate to the console server using the Upload button as shown on the next page 92 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 9 Authentication System Nam Firmware 2 8 0 BLA KB X Uptime 0 d Current User NETWORK SERVICES Serial amp Network Serial Port Users amp Groups Authentication Network Hosts Trusted Networks Cascaded Ports UPS Connections RPC Connections Environmental Managed Devices Alerts amp Logging Port Log Alerts SMTP amp SMS SNMP System Administration SSL Certificates Configuration Backup Firmware IP Date amp Time Dial Services DHCP Server Nagios Configure Dashboard Status Port Access Active Users Statistics Support Report Syslog LIDO Ctatin After completing these steps the console server has its own certificate that is used for identifying the console server to its users NOTE You can find information on issuing certificates and configuring HTTPS from the command line in Chapter 14 Message Changes to configuration succeeded Common name supplyrooms The full canonical name for this device Organizational myco production unit The group overseeing this device Organization myco lic The name of the organization to which the d
275. vanced Configurations or add the PDU support to either the Network UPS Tools or PowerMan open source projects Configure IPMI service processors and BMCs so that all authorized users can use the Management Console to remotely cycle power and reboot computers even when their operating system is unresponsive To set up IPMI power control the Administrator first enters the IP address domain name of the BMC or service processor for example a Dell DRAC in Serial amp Network Network Hosts then in Serial amp Network RPC Connections specifies the RPC Type to be IPMI1 5 or 2 0 8 1 2 RPC Access Privileges and Alerts You can now set PDU and IPMI alerts using Alerts amp Logging Alerts refer to Chapter 7 You can also assign which user can access and control which particular outlet on each RPC using Serial amp Network User amp Groups refer to Chapter 5 8 1 3 User Power Management The Power Manager enables both Users and Administrators to access and control the configured serial and network attached PDU power strips and servers with embedded IPMI service processors or BMCs Select the Manage Power and the particular Target power device to be controlled and the Outlet to be controlled if the RPC supports outlet level control 724 746 5500 blackbox com 77 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers The outlet status is displayed and you can initiate the Action you want to take by selecting the appropriate icon a O Turn ON T
276. ver v Trusted Networks Allow access to the Management Console via HTTPS Cascaded Ports UPS Connections RPC Connections Allow access to system command line shell via Telnet Environmental Managed Devices ement Console via HTTP Telnet Server SSH Server 7 Alerts amp Logging SNMP Server Port Log Alerts SMTP amp SMS SNMP TFTP Server erver System Administration SSL Certificates Respond to incoming ICMP echo requests Configuration Backup Firmware IP Date amp Time Dial Services DHCP Server Nagios Configure Dashboard Ping Replies V Alternate Telnet Base ondary TCP port ran default or Telnet access to serial ports This is in Alternate SSH Base serial ports This is in Alternate Raw TCP Base Status TCP port e for raw TCP access to serial ports This isin Port Access defat Active Users o Statistics Bekak g Support Report is Syslog UPS Status RPC Status Alternate Environmental Status a A ndary TCP port ated Telnet access to serial Telnet Base ue pu SAC TONN SCS WO GONS Dashboard ports 7 n addi Figure 4 6 System Services screen Select the System Services option then select deselect for the service to be enabled disabled The following access protocol options are available e HTTPS This ensures secure browser access to all the Management Console menus It also allows appropriately configured Users secure browser access to selected Management Co
277. vers amp SDTConnector Lo 3 File Edit Help G SDTConnector Preferences S Add Service Service Name Serial Port 2 K Add Port Redirection General Advanced Client Telnet client TCP Port amp OK X Cancel Figure 6 18 Add port redirection Assuming you have already set up the target console server as a gateway in your SDT Connector client with username password etc select this gateway and click the Host icon to create a host Or select File gt New Host Enter 127 0 0 1 as the Host Address and use Serial Port 2 for descriptive name In Description notes enter something such as Loopback ports or Local serial ports Click OK Click Serial Port 2 icon for Telnet access to the serial console on the device attached to serial port 2 on the gateway To enable SDT Connector to access the devices connected to the gateway s serial ports you must also configure the Console server itself to allow port forwarded network access to itself and enable access to the nominated serial port Browse to the Console server and select Serial Port from Serial amp Network Click Edit next to selected Port for example Port 2 if the target device is attached to the second serial port Make sure the port s serial configuration is appropriate for the attached device Scroll down to Console server Setting and select Console
278. vers A central NUT client can monitor multiple NUT servers that may be distributed throughout the data center across a campus or around the world NUT supports the more complex power architectures found in data centers communications centers and distributed office environments where many UPSes from many vendors power many systems with many clients Each of the larger UPSes power multiple devices and many of these devices are in turn dual powered 86 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 9 Authentication 9 Authentication The console server is a dedicated Linux computer with a myriad of popular and proven Linux software modules for networking secure access OpenSSH and communications OpenSSL and sophisticated user authentication PAM RADIUS TACACS and LDAP This chapter details how the Administrator can use the Management Console to establish remote AAA authentication for all connections to the console server and attached serial and network host devices This chapter also covers how to establish a secure link to the Management Console using HTTPS and using OpenSSL and OpenSSH to establish a secure Administration connection to the console server 9 1 Authentication Configuration Authentication can be performed locally or remotely using an LDAP Radius or TACACS authentication server The default authentication method for the console server is Local System Nam e Firmware Uptime 0 da 9 he m 3s Current User NETWORK
279. vers i e a road warrior e May receive alert emails from the central Nagios server or distributed console servers e Connects to the central Nagios server web UI to view status of monitored hosts and serial devices e Uses SDT Connector to connect through the console servers to manage monitored hosts and serial devices SDT Nagios setup involves the following steps 1 Install Nagios and the NSCA and NRPE add ons on the central Nagios server Section 10 2 1 Set up central Nagios server Configure each Black Box distributed console server for Nagios monitoring alerting and SDT Nagios integration Section 10 2 2 Set up distributed Black Box servers 724 746 5500 blackbox com 95 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers 2 Run the SDT for Nagios Configuration Wizard on the central Nagios server Section 10 2 1 Set up SDT Nagios on central Nagios server and perform any additional configuration tasks 3 Install SDT Connector on each client 10 2 1 Setup Central Nagios Server SDT for Nagios requires a central Nagios server running Nagios 2 x or 3 x Nagios 1 x is not supported The Nagios server software is available for most major distributions of Linux using the standard package management tools Your distribution will have documentation available on how to install Nagios This is usually the quickest and simplest way to get up and running Note that you will need the core Nagios server package and at least one of the NRPE or NSC
280. vice also see UPS RPC connections and Environmental config s config devices device8 name my device config s config devices device8 description The eighth device config s config devices device8 connections connection1 name my device config s config devices device8 connections connection 1 type serial Host UPS RPC config s config devices total 8 decrement this value when deleting a managed device To delete the above managed device config d config devices device8 The following command will synchronize the live system with the new configuration config a 14 12 Port Log To configure serial network port logging config s config eventlog server address remote server ip address config s config eventlog server logfacility facility facility can be Daemon Local 0 7 Authentication Kernel User Syslog Mail News UUCP config s config eventlog server logpriority priority priority can be Info Alert Critical Debug Emergency Error 724 746 5500 blackbox com 129 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers Notice Warning Assume the remote log server needs a username name1 and password secret config s config eventlog server username name1 config s config eventlog server password secret To set the remote path as Black Box logs to save logged data contig s config eventiog server path Black Box logs config s con
281. will use to communicate with the UPS Most console servers are preconfigured so the drop down menu presents a full selection of drivers from the latest Network UPS Tools NUT version 2 4 724 746 5500 blackbox com 81 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers Click New Options in Driver Options if you need to set driver specific options for your selected NUT driver and hardware combination more details at http Avww networkupstools org doc Support Report Driver Syslog Options Option Argument UPS Status ea RPC Status jeRemoues Environmental Status New Option Dashboard lt Figure 8 9 New option screen Check Log Status and specify the Log Rate minutes between samples if you want the status from this UPS to be logged You can view these logs from the Status UPS Status screen If you have enabled Nagios services then you will presented with an option for Nagios monitoring Check Enable Nagios to enable this UPS to be monitored using Nagios central management Check Enable Shutdown Script if this is the UPS providing power to the console server itself and if a critical power failure occurs you can perform any last gasp actions on the console server before power is lost Place a custom script in etc config scripts ups shutdown you may use the provided etc scripts ups shutdown as a template This script only runs when then UPS reaches critical battery status Click Apply NOTE You can also customize the up
282. work attached devices LDAP The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol LDAP is based on the X 500 standard but is significantly simpler and more readily adapted to meet custom needs The core LDAP specifications are all defined in RFCs LDAP is a protocol used to access information stored in an LDAP server You can find further information on configuring remote RADIUS servers at the following sites http Avww idapman org articles intro_to_Idap html http Awww idapman org servers html http Avww linuxplanet com inuxplanet tutorials 5050 1 http Avww linuxplanet com inuxplanet tutorials 5074 4 9 1 5 RADIUS TACACS User Configuration Users may be added to the local console server appliance If they are not added and they log in via remote AAA a user will be added for them This user will not show up in the Black Box configurators unless they are specifically added at which point they are transformed into a completely local user The newly added user must authenticate from the remote AAA server and will have no access if it is down If a local user logs in they may be authenticated authorized from the remote AAA server depending on the chosen priority of the remote AAA A local user s authorization is the union of local and remote privileges Example 1 User Tim is locally added and has access to ports 1 and 2 He is also defined on a remote TACACS server which says he has access to ports 3 and 4 Tim may log in with either his local or T
283. y config element using the P parameter but only encrypted user passwords and system passwords are supported If any other element value were to be encrypted the value will become inaccessible and will have to be reset To add this user to specific groups admin users config s config users user2 groups group 1 groupname config s config users user2 groups group2 groupname2 etc To give this user access to a specific port config s config users user2 port on config s config users user2 port2 on config s config users user2 port5 on etc To remove port access config s config users user2 port1 _ the value is left blank or simply config d config users user2 port The port number can be anything from 1 to 48 depending on the available ports on the specific console server For example assume we have an RPC device connected to port 1 on the console server and the RPC is configured To give this user access to RPC outlet number 3 on the RPC device run the 2 commands below config s config ports port power outlet3 users user2 John config s config ports port power outlet3 users total 2 total number of users that have access to this outlet If more users are given access to this power outlet then increment the config ports port power outlet3 users total element accordingly To give this user access to network host 5 assuming the host is configured config s config sdt hosts host5 users
284. y times as needed to add multiple new port redirections and associated clients You may also specify Advanced port redirection options Enter the local address to bind to when creating the local endpoint of the redirection It is not usually necessary to change this from localhost Enter a local TCP port to bind to when creating the local endpoint of the redirection If you leave this blank a random port is selected 46 724 746 5500 blackbox com Chapter 6 Secure SSH Tunneling and SDT Connector E SDTConnector File Edit Help Local Address localhost Local TCP Port 5900 UDP Port Figure 6 13 Edit port redirection NOTES SDT Connector can also tunnel UDP services SDT Connector tunnels the UDP traffic through the TCP SSH redirection so it is a tunnel within a tunnel Enter the UDP port where the service is running on the host This will also be the local UDP port that SDT Connector binds as the local endpoint of the tunnel For UDP services you still need to specify a TCP port under General This will be an arbitrary TCP port that is not in use on the gateway An example of this is the SOL Proxy service It redirects local UDP port 623 to remote UDP port 623 over the arbitrary TCP port 6667 6 2 7 Adding a Client Program to be Started for the New Service Clients are local applications that you may launch when a related
285. z com tips putty_config html has useful examples on configuring PuTTY for SSH tunneling Select Local and click the Add button Click Open to SSH connect the Client PC to the console server You will now be prompted for the Username Password for the console server user P 192 168 252 202 PuTTY Figure 6 38 Enter username and password If you are connecting as a User in the users group then you can only SSH tunnel to Hosts and Serial Ports where you have specific access permission If you are connecting as an Administrator in the admin group then you can connect to any configured Host or Serial Ports that has SDT enabled To set up the secure SSH tunnel for a HTTP browser connection to the Managed Device specify port 80 instead of port 3389 that was used for RDP in the Destination IP address To set up the secure SSH tunnel from the Client Viewer PC to the console server for VNC follow the steps above but when you configure the VNC port redirection specify port 5900 in the Destination IP address 724 746 5500 blackbox com 65 1101 and 1102 Secure Device Servers NOTE 66 How secure is VNC VNC access generally allows access to your whole computer so security is very important VNC uses a random challenge response system to provide the basic authentication that allows you to connect to a VNC server This is reasonably secure and the password is not sent over the network Once connected all subsequent

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