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1. Raster georeference duplicated by the bai icon of the main icon bar opens a window used for raster image georeferencing see the chapter 7 4 Raster image georeferencing Images referencing duplicated by the oh icon of the main icon bar opens a window used to link raster images to each other see the chapter 7 5 Images referencing Delete multiscale images deletes pyramidal images files with pyr extension from folder containing mosaic project if they were created during images opening or later by the command Create multiscale images Create multiscale images creates pyramidal images files with pyr extension which are used to speed up the project load The target folder where the pyramided images are saved is indicated on Images tab in Preferences window see the chapter 8 4 Preferences Pan sharpening opens a window used for merging of two images one of which is black and white with high resolution and another one color with less resolution The RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 resulting image is color with high resolution see the chapter 13 Pan sharpening operation e Image processor opens a window used for radiometric correction and geometric transformations of raster images or their fragments and also includes saving and printing options see the chapter 19 PHOTOMOD ImageProcessor e Sheet list opens a window used for creation of
2. open project to open the project or the button DI new project to create a 2009 38 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 8 Parameters and preferences Use the icon kz or menu command Mosaic Parameters to open Parameters dialog consisting of the following tabs 8 1 Mosaic Mosaic tab is used to set up the following parameters x Mosaic Brightness adjustment Split into sheets Cell size 32 Calculate IT Create M5 TIFF Scale TIFF BMP Gravecale output Mosaic comprezzlo TIFF JPEG compression Image quality 752 Background calor Resamling method Georeference file Black Bilinear Mapinfo TAB Interpolation cell size 32 K IT Swap Y Create georeference only Set coordinate system D Use tie points Rotation angle Set background color as transparent 0 0 deg IT Save georeference as NonEarth Replace background color IT Trepstom by georeference points Cancel Fig 23 Cell size this text field is used to enter the size of mosaic cell on the ground This parameter is specified in units shown in brackets The cell size by default is equal to the cell size of the first image of mosaic project The Calculate button opens a dialog used to set a mosaic size in pixels and recalculate its cell size accordingly The Scale TIFF BMP button opens a dialog used to calculate print size and resolution according to the resulting mosaic scale input by the user Create MS
3. allows to set percent of the image area to be cut from each side of initial image to eliminate fiducial mark s areas from resulting mosaic Windows Preview raster size allows to select maximum raster size by lines or columns in Preview window the default value is 600 Increasing the parameter value causes improving raster quality but slows down the Preview building Block scheme allows to select number of strips and images included to the block scheme see the chapter 6 7 Block scheme For example if this parameter is 3 x 4 the block scheme consists of 3 strips by 4 images The Overlap parameter is used to set up number of overlapping images in adjacent portions of the block scheme Display output mosaic opens window with resulting mosaic after its building Open all sheets if this option is OFF and you are building the mosaic split into sheets the only one of sheets is opened and other ones you can view using the icons of upper button bar E gt If the option is ON you will get all sheets opened in separate windows 2009 48 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 e Show images names turns off on images names in images windows and also in preview and resulting mosaic e Synchronous marker movement while working with block scheme window the marker moves synchronously on adjacent images which overlap with the current one The option is ON by default Use X key to turn on the option in image window e Autocente
4. imagery X pan file where X is a digit HDF from Scanex processing of 1B level images overlapped strips Fast C from Scanex header file lt name gt fst and image file lt name gt X fst where X Is a digit Fast C from Euromap image file lt name gt xyA and header file lt name gt xyB where x y some symbols and B depends on A like this A 0 gt B a A 1 gt B b A 2 gt Bee A 3 gt B d A 4 gt B e A 5 gt B f A 6 gt B g A 7 Bach A 3 gt B 1 A 9 gt Bot A n gt B k A o gt Bast A p B m A sample of file names elq11b4j 1eo image file elq11b4j 1el header file IKONOS TIFF GeoTIFF format Current PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic version allows to process high resolution IKONOS images of Geo level both single and stereopairs Stereo product both with RPC Rational Polynomial Coefficients and without them file containing RPC could be delivered along with the image or not The supported format is TIFF GeoTIFF at that the tags with georeferencing data in GeoTIFF file are ignored 11 bit images are transforming into 8 bit rasters during the input When adding the image file in the same folder the program starts to search for the file with name FILENAME rpc txt 23 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 where FILENAME tif is the image name If the file is found the
5. linked to initial file name Product files window contains the list of all files delivered along with the image and used for its processing In table columns additionally to files names their path size and extension type are shown Product images window contains the list of all images in the product as well as their width and height in pixels When you select an image in this window it will be displayed in preview window if the Show option is on You can also change selected file s name inner name in PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic module in Name field of Parameters panel and also set up the compression coefficient for raster or invert it from positive to negative using appropriate options in the Parameters panel Note You should change the image name if its length exceeds 32 symbols at that it Is recommended to remove the beginning of the name and to leave the ending which could contain the number of the image in the product files set 15 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 When all necessary images are selected push the Add button to complete the procedure If the source raster has more than 8 bits per sample in images acquired by IKONOS or QuickBird sensors for instance it is recommended to perform dynamic range adjustment procedure before image adding to PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic project see the chapter 7 1 1 1 Image radiometric correction After the adding procedure and radiometric c
6. 16 2 Coordinate system database 16 4 Coordinate system editing and 16 5 Coordinate system creating Click the Open button to open the window with coordinates systems list included to selected base For the quick search of needed system input coordinate system name or key word into the Search field fig 64 and choose the search direction down the Y button or up the D button the list Select reference system III x Search ws le ECEN E Vol 1875 Sud Algerie ancienne Algeria 35 grads to 38 5 grads 31 deg 30 min to 34 deg 39 r E Votral Unifie Algeria north of 32 deg H Le System Geodesique Mord S a Al Votral Une Paris Algeria north of 32 deg N Le System Geodesique Mord S a Yorol Unite Hord Algerie Algeria north of 38 5 grads 34 deg 39 min North EPSG Sup Votral Unite Sud Algerie Algeria 35 grads to 38 5 grads 317 deg 30 min to 34 deg 39 RB World EPSG GeogLs3 code 4325 reserved for use with Frot wf UK Details Hew Edit Remove Esport Import Cancel Fig 64 Coordinate system database search The arrow in the leftmost column marks the name of first coordinate system found with the name searched You can edit export or delete the coordinate system selected And also you can create new one or import existing using an appropriate buttons of this window see also the chapters 16 4 Coordinate system editing and 16 5 Coordinate system creating Coordinate system d
7. ROIs taken from upper image are included to the resulting mosaic and their brightness is considered during brightness adjustment of the resulting mosaic For brightness adjustment of resulting mosaic it is enough to change images order using T menu command Mosaic Images order or the BI icon which opens the Images order window 2009 46 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 lanv y AS bim 669 ti P Fig 30 Images order change The color in this table highlights the images of the same strip You can move images in the da w list using the icons AN Upper y Lower To top _ To bottom and select those to be included in resulting mosaic in overlapping area It is convenient to use the following operations for work with images list 2 select strip opens an additional window with the list of strips for selecting g by images order restores the initial order of the images and cancels all changes Bo invert order of selected images allows to sort selected images in the revert order Es invert order of all images allows to sort all images in the revert order copy to clipboard copies list of images names into clipboard in text format allowing to paste them into text editor send by e mail etc CH find starts image search in the list using its name after name input to search field Select image name by mouse click and group of images holding left mouse button along with Ct
8. Russia July 2009 e Trim off images edges duplicated by the icon of the main icon bar used to change a size of rectangular default ROIs See the chapter 7 2 1 Regions of interest by default e Polygon lt rectangle allows to convert selected ROI to the rectangle and delete other ROIs on the current image In this case the ROI becomes available for editing as described in the chapter 7 2 3 Creating and editing regions of interest e Polygon lt rectangle for all the same operation for all images e Autobuilding automatic ROI creation on selected image e Delete all ROIs cancels ROIs creation and shows default ROIs See the chapter 7 2 1 Regions of interest by default e Import ROIs ROls import from DXF and Shape format files See the chapter 7 2 5 Regions of interest import and export e Export ROIs ROls export into DXF Shape or MIF MID file format See the chapter 7 2 5 Regions of interest import and export e Export cutlines cutlines export into DXF Shape or MIF MID file format See the chapter 7 2 5 Regions of interest import and export 6 5 Mosaic This menu is used to start mosaicking process and parameters selection It consists of the following options e Parameters duplicated by the kel icon of the main icon bar opens a parameters selection dialog see the chapter 8 Parameters and preferences y e Coordinates duplicated by the El icon of the main icon bar open
9. cases when the contrast of initial images was defined incorrectly it causes poor brightness adjustment or errors in creating of local brightness adjustment model You can increase the value of this parameter up to 7 to improve the result Brightness addition in inner points allows to setup brightness separately by R G B channels in inner points either along the strip and or between the strips It is recommended to use this parameter in case of considerable brightness change from image center to its sides which is impossible to remove by another way At that the Inner points parameter should be not more than 1 2 Local adjustment parameters l q x Base Edges Brightness addition Top side 0 0 A Left zide Right side Bottom side o o 35 Trim off percent 2 0 A Density coefficient 2 t Fig 27 Brightness parameters on mosaic edges Edges tab contains the following parameters Brightness addition allows to setup smooth brightness change on 4 sides of output mosaic Color imbalance on mosaic sides is unnoticeable that is why the brightness is changing in all spectral channels at the same time Trim off percent allows to exclude corresponding percent of image area along the mosaic sides from processing because there are auxiliary signs marks etc Density coefficient sets the amount of tie points on the edges of mosaic which are used for adjustment Lack of these points leads to brightness anomal
10. created with the following extensions After export to BMP georeference file with bpw extension is created After export to JPG georeference file with gw extension is created After export to NITF georeference file with nfw extension is created After export to DGN georeference file with dgw extension is created After export to PNG georeference file with pgw extension is created 15 3 MapInfo file Georeference file used by MapInfo tab extension Example of tab file table Iversion 300 Icharset WindowsLatin1 Definition table File mosaic tif Type RASTER 143424 937 2635592 133 0 0 Label Point 1 224834 937 2635592 133 1163 0 Label Point 2 143424 937 2565592 133 0 1000 Label Point 3 19 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 224834 937 2565592 133 1163 1000 Label Point 4 CoordSys Earth Projection 8 104 m 33 000000 0 000000 0 999600 500000 000000 0 000000 16 Coordinate systems 16 1 Selecting coordinate system 16 2 Coordinate systems databases are installed automatically along with PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic program You can use special window to change coordinate system of mosaic project see the chapter 14 Coordinate system transformation After database selection you can select coordinate system in the list edit its parameters Such as cartographic projection datum ellipsoid etc or create a new one See also the chapter
11. example NAD83 UTM zone 30N push the Edit button select Ellipsoid option in the opened window and push the e button at the left select WGS 84 ellipsoid in the list appeared push OK In the same way you can change all other coordinate system parameters such as datum map projection ellipsoid parameters and so on see also the chapter 16 5 Coordinate system creating Coordinate system creating Let s consider a sample of coordinate system creation For example you need to create a coordinate system in Transverse Mercator map projection for the area of 8 zone origin meridian 136 degrees of the north hemisphere on the ellipsoid WGS 84 In this case do the following open a window of coordinate system database selection Project New Coordinate system or Project Properties Coordinate system select coordinate system database push the New button in appeared window which contains the list of available coordinate systems select reference system type as Projected Select reference system type window Select reference system type PE EIN Mame eegen H Geocentric equatorial reference system H Latitude longitude Geographic latitude longitude height reference system if Local cartesian Local cartesian reference system E Local curved ea cartesian reference SS E BS into account Earth Projected Feference system based on map projection Ej Topocentric horizontal SE wem ee SES 4 OK Details Edit Ex
12. format with georeference data in its header developed by PCI Geomatics e JPEG2000 JP2 raster format with jpeg compressing and georeference data in its header output image in this format has volume limited up to 500 Mb e USGS DEM DEM Image processing includes radiometric correction operations see the chapter 19 3 1 Radiometric correction and geometric transformations see the chapter 19 3 2 Geometric transformations 19 3 1 Radiometric correction You can process the image opened radiometrically using buttons of toolbar see the chapter 19 1 Menu commands or commands of menu item Processing see the description of operations in the chapter 7 1 1 1 Image radiometric correction 19 3 2 Geometric transformations The application provides the following geometric transformations of an image 1 Rotation flipping using menu command Processing Rotate Flip the operations is used for image rotation at 90 180 or 270 degrees clockwise using buttons of the toolbar opened 2009 92 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 x de Wa ep if nfl a a eng Fig 77 Rotate flip tools The buttons Leg and ell of this toolbar allow to flip image vertically or horizontally correspondingly Use the buttons l and 1 to cancel all or the last of performed actions correspondingly 2 Image resizing using menu command Processing Resize the operation is used to change a raster size in width and height along with resampling o
13. gt Filter Ese New Volume E 2 0341623153350 4245 000000122420_01_PO01 TIF CH ASTER Data 1 034UG23153350 M245 000000122420_01_POD1 BROWSE JPG Ey Data spot AC konos BACH Landsat AC _OBird_data ES Mattile QuickBird_Standard SP Pl Okt Bie we Ich BLECH abstracts AM aaa a Te a ae eB Faster processing parameters BIL Canada AMA Auto levels mi data_fortest ES DemoCD_42 ES DemoCD_43 ES digital_aero_camera DLC lectures Save parameters DLC marginalia test File type Tagged Image File Format TIFF Pyramid Mo Compression None Georeference File Mone Data Format 8 bit o HA PH resources of H Fig 81 Batch processing window Upper toolbar contains the following buttons Di new project creates new project of batch processing Ei open batch project opens existing project of batch processing file with RPB extension save batch project allows to save a project of batch processing to new file with RPB extension B add images adds image selected in upper file list to list of images for batch processing 3 delete images deletes selected image from list of images for batch processing 2009 94 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 E edit image opens window of radiometric image correction see the chapter 19 3 1 Radiometric correction El edit output parameters opens window for file name input and then window for saving setup of batch processing result
14. it You can move selected point by moving a mouse cursor along with pressed Ctrl key Press Delete to delete selected point and Esc to cancel selection Use fy and keys on numeric keyboard to zoom in zoom out the histogram Use Alt Enter shortcut to show the histogram in full and Alt 1 to show it in 1 1 scale In case of color image the transfer function is setup either for all color channels simultaneously or for each one Use Channels drop down list to select color channel to be adjusted To apply all changes in image window immediately mark the Preview check box Marker X Y coordinates and histogram value for the current brightness reading in percent are shown in Status line in the bottom of the window tt The button a opens a window Brightness Contrast Gamma used for adjusting of the corresponding features for each image channel or for all of them at once If the option Live preview is on the image changes are applied on the fly without pushing the Apply button 2009 20 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 Brightness Contrast Gamma Ei Channels jal e Live preview Brightness RN ke NEEN Contrast pa H Gamma H Reset Cancel Apply Fig 11 Brightness Contrast Gamma adjustment MM ou The button opens a window used for color balancing Fig 12 You can shift the image balance to cyan red magenta green yellow or blue color Resulting brightness is not changed at that You can also sh
15. list of map sheets the scanned topographic map to be split to To get started open a scanned georefereced image containing sheet borders as raster images Then use Service Sheet list to set sheet sizes O x AR Sheet list 23 5 19000 000 26000 000 19000 0000 26000 000 12000 000 9000 000 18000 000 9000 000 623 1 19000 000 26000 000 20000 000 26000 000 20000 000 9000 000 19000 000 9000 000 623 4 19000 000 2 000 000 19000 000 9000 000 19000 000 26000 000 15000 000 38000 000 6233 6 19000 000 97000 00 20000 000 9000 000 20000 000 9000 000 19000 000 38000 000 624 6 0000 000 36000 000 241000 000 36000 000 21000 000 3Y000 000 20000 000 2 000 000 8 624 1 1000 000 36000 000 242000 000 36000 000 22000 000 9700 000 21000 000 2 000 000 624 4 0000 000 9 000 000 1000 000 38Y000 000 21000 000 368000 000 20000 000 36000 000 8 624 6 1000 000 9 000 000 242000 000 97000 000 22000 000 368000 000 21000 000 36000 000 a 625 6 2000 000 26000 000 2435000 000 26000 000 235000 000 2f000 000 22000 000 2000 000 b25 3000 000 96000 000 244000 000 36000 000 24000 000 9700 000 235000 000 2 000 000 625 4 2000 000 97000000 23000 000 97000 000 235000 000 98000 0000 22000 000 25000 000 625 6 3000 000 2 000 000 244000 000 3Y000 000 24000 000 368000 000 235000 000 36000 000 626 6 30000 000 36000 000 S1000 000 36000 000 31000 000 3Y000 000 30000 000 97000 000 DDT S1000 000 96000 000 32000 0
16. o oom IP windows l 1 Mosaic fragmen Temporary path E Geomosaic_ Project Width 206 Height 296 Cancel Fig 15 Tie points search parameters e Fragment size pix size of mosaic fragments built using current settings of PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic pixel size etc e Search area size pix maximal supposed size of mutual discrepancy used for search e Min correlation coefficient minimal value of correlation function under which fragments from adjacent images are considered of the same name e Min fragment RMS minimal value of RMS of fragments brightness under which the fragments are considered as nonhomogeneous background water surface etc i e suitable for comparison e Min distance between points minimal distance between fragments to be compared located on the adjacent cutlines e Step along cutlines pix step along cutlines in pixels The less the value the more points are included to the report but the more time is consumed for search e Max deviation from cutline pix maximal deviation of tie point found from cutline e Zoom in windows zoom scale used for viewing of tie points in windows when select them in the table e Temporary path target folder used to save mosaic fragment built around given point e Width and Height size of a fragment around given point in pixels Tie points found are used for resulting mosaic building if the option Use tie points on Mos
17. perform undo redo operations 3 SS or Ctrl Z shortcut cancel to cancel the last action in the Editor window undo all to cancel all actions in the Editor window or Shift Ctrl Z shortcut redo to redo cancelled action 65 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia 11 4 11 5 11 6 July 2009 When obtained satisfying result push the icon wl that closes the Editor window and pastes edited fragment to Dust Correct window To cancel editing results and exit without image change just close the Editor window If you prefer to edit the image in the external graphic software copy the image or its fragment there by standard OS Windows operations copy paste Ctrl C Ctrl V or use the icons Copy to clipboard and CR Paste from clipboard At that the option Use internal editor in Parameters panel opened by menu command Parameters Parameters see Fig 31 should be cleared The icon a Disable changes or Ctrl L shortcut is used for fixation of the fragment frame size intended for external editing to fit its former place after editing Use the icon PS or hot keys Ctrl F4 to close the image without exit from DustCorrect module Measurements over mosaic There is a possibility to make control measurements of distances on the mosaic Just click left mouse button drag a line to the point you need and release the button You will get a distance value L displayed at the bottom of
18. scales is about 3 so you can draw a cutline at distance 3 32 100 200 pixels from the object edge Sometimes the local adjustment produces bad looking seams or small abnormal brightness or color spots close to seams Change the cutline position to resolve the first problem The color spots can be removed by adding pins inside them while working with the image in the Preview window So you should open the Preview window and put pins inside spot areas using Insert key The pins are displayed by yellow circles and may be selected by mouse click deselected by Esc key and deleted by Delete key Use menu command View Local adjustment when Preview and Mosaic windows are opened to display areas where statistical parameters are calculated Areas between images of one strip are green areas between images of separate strips are blue and areas inside single images are yellow This information would help you to view and understand the reason of local brightness unevenness 2009 42 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic Project1 Images Yiew Project Mosaic ROIs Service Blockscheme Windows Help H 03 cial He ICC KI aque FS Aa Ja e EADemoCD PEA Ste xj EN E DemoCD_38 Projects GeoMosaic nages Ioj x IT E DemoCD_38 Projects Ge E DemoCD_38 Projects Ge 6 sheets x 938 x 625 x 24 10305K X 244 0 Y 273 0 4 2509169 333 6566041 617 Fig 25 Local brightness adjust
19. window Loading mosaic You can load and view previously created orthomosaic using menu command Mosaic Open or the icon El or hot keys Ctrl Alt O from the following formats e Tag Image File Format TIFF selected folder should contain tiff file with mosaic and also georeference file with the same name see the chapter 15 Georeference file e Windows Bitmap File BMP VectOr SIT RSW MTW raster format of PHOTOMOD VectOr system see the chapter 12 Export of mosaic to PHOTOMOD VectOr IMG raster format of ERDAS system NITF JPEG GIF PNG USGS DEM DEM Creating marginalia for mosaic It is possible to create map frame and marginalia in styles and symbols used in Russian State Land Use Survey in 1 2 000 1 5000 1 10000 and 1 25000 map scales for MicroStation and MapInfo systems using the command Mosaic Create marginalia 2009 66 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 12 Export of mosaic to PHOTOMOD VectOr PHOTOMOD VectOr is a GIS and Desktop Cartography module of PHOTOMOD system used basically for creating and printing out digital maps see VectOr User Manual PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic supplies export of orthomosaic and corresponding DEM to PHOTOMOD VectOr To export mosaic to VectOr format select menu command Mosaic Build and specify output file type as VectOr RSW Export to ectOr l x SIT file name EF france_proj new_ mosaic sil Gi Export DER to SIT mes Fig 47 Map file se
20. 00 36000 000 S32000 000 9Y000 000 31000 000 94000 UU 15 626 4 SQ000 000 97000 000 31000 000 97000 000 31000 000 25000 000 30000 000 g8000 000 E 4 Add Save 2000 0 ts Split into 4 sheets Delete sheet Clear Eo Merge 4 sheets To add another sheet to the list you must double click the left mouse button in the center of the sheet alleged A window will appear to specify sheet title x eeng After setting name and clicking OK sheet will be added to the end of the list To remove the sheet should select any cell in line with the sheet and click Delete sheet For the complete list of clean sheets click Clear and confirm clean up in a warning dialog To save sheets as CSV click Save button If X lt gt Y option is enabled X and Y coordinates of sheet edges are swapped You may wish to generate a list of pages in leftist coordinate systems such as CS 42 Add button is intended to add pieces from CSV file without removing existing ones Open button preliminarily removes existing sheets and then loads the contents of this file With X lt gt Y option enabled the coordinates of X Y of sheet borders are swapped while loading Quite often the scheme of dividing into sheets of larger scale contains sheets of smaller scale divided into four parts Used as a root of name is the name of a sheet with smaller scale with additional suffix For example sheet 623 A of scale 1 5000 is divided into four shee
21. 3 E El AGHA GAH Fig 6 PHOTOMOD ImageProcessor utility window 19 1 Menu commands Main menu contains the following items and commands File used to open save print and close images and contains the following commands e Open duplicated by the button EH opens file in raster format listed below in the application window e Save saves the image without changing its name and format e Save as duplicated by the button CH saves the image in selected format considering user s settings see the chapter 19 3 6 e Close closes active image window e Close all closes all image windows Bl D e Print duplicated by the button opens a window to setup and start printing of active window image see the chapter 19 3 5 e Exit closes application window ROI used for operations with raster image fragment see the chapter 19 3 4 and contains the following commands e Copy duplicated by Ctrl C shortcut copies selected ROI to clipboard 2009 90 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 Paste as new image duplicated by Shift Ctrl V shortcut pasts selected ROI to new window Full image duplicated by Alt Enter shortcut shows image in window at full Delete duplicated by clicking the Delete button cancels fragment selection and deletes its frame Processing used for image transformations see the chapter 19 2 1 Radiometric correction 19 2 2 Geometric transformations an
22. 3892 035 4970465512 5443 000 0 000 Point 3 0 000 0 000 6443892 035 4969898 305 5443 000 5301 000 Point 4 0 000 0 000 xp 3208 000 Yp 1580 000 xg 6443659 293 Yg 4970281 633 E Fig 19 Raster map window If georeference file in MapInfo TAB format and with the same name as map file is storing in the same folder as file with scanned map then list of georeference points and their coordinates is opened in Raster map window In this list Xg Yg geodetic coordinates Xp Yp pixel coordinates Name point name To visualize point in map window to place marker in point s pixel coordinates you should push the button with point number in leftmost column N of the table Upper menu buttons are intended for the following operations Lair duplicated by hot keys Ctrl O load raster map opens dialogue to select raster file in TIFF BMP JPG IMG NTF GIF PNG PIX JP2 formats and open it 3 load reference map opens dialogue of raster file selection in main raster formats and its opening This georeferenced raster allows to recognize points on un referenced raster and measure their coordinates E load vector map opens dialogue of vector format file selection PHR PHOTOMOD system format DXF Shape or DGN This file allows to recognize points on un referenced raster and measure their coordinates l load XYZ points from file opens dialogue used for selection of text file of CSV format which contains re
23. F format In DXF file root of name could be stored as layer name block name or attribute name Besides you can add a prefix to this name in the beginning and or suffix in the end Import from Shapefile format In this format georeference information is storing in separate file with dbf extension The only one raw from dbf table corresponds to each vector object Select the column before import to use its values as a name root Then you can add prefix and or suffix to the name 2009 30 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 A DBF iew E PHOTOMOD_data cutlines_infomap dbf SENNA T By tit EF O Ef Est DO tif EFE tf BES tif Cancel Fig 17 If the ROIs coordinates are stored in geographic coordinate system latitude longitude turn ON the option Use Lat Lon and select necessary units degrees or radians After import completing a message about images number and referenced ROI s appears Export ROIl s to files Regions of interest and cutlines could be exported to DXF Shapefile and MIF MID formats using menu command ROIs Export ROPs or ROIs Export cutlines If you need to reference ROIs to coordinate system with latitude and longitude axes and degrees or radians units after export turn on the option Use Lat Lon for their correct export and then select appropriate Linear units During export of RO s or cutlines into MIF MID format the name of image which contains a cutline is exported to NAME attribute th
24. GeoMosaic Geodetic calculator At first program launch you should specify the path to folder containing coordinate systems database in the following window 85 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 Select database Folder we 5 NetMeeting DICH Network Associates CH Outlook Express H PHOTOMOD 42 eng FS PHOTOMOD 42 rus H E PHOTOMOD GeoCalculator EM PHOTOMOD GeoCalculator Eng E Config DCH Coord5ys E In CH Latvia 3 Poland Make Mew Folder Cancel Fig 71 Selection of folder with coordinate system database Then the dialogue of the program settings is opened also could be opened using menu command Tools Options or the icon e Options Upper panel of the window Database directory shows the folder selected and allows to change the path to database directory if needed If coordinates calculations have poor result the field with invalid value is shown in red color by default or by color selected in drop down list of Colors panel ti i lt aisi i Ht Database Directory Colors Invalid Field Walue Color Interface Mode C Standard Ce Advanced x Cancel Fig 2 Program settings Interface mode panel allows to select one of two working modes Standard and Advanced which have different set of menu commands appeared after pushing Database menu item for work with coordinate systems database See also the chapter 16 Coordina
25. MOD GeoMosaic the output raster is created as a sequence of tiles The size of each processing tile is defined by the parameter interpolation cell size The larger the tile the faster and less accurate is mosaicking process Recommended tile size is about 20 40 pixels Default value is 32 e Swap X Y X Y coordinates in resulting mosaic could be swapped if necessary e Create georeference only allows to create just georeference file without building the mosaic It is saved to the path selected into file format indicated in the Georeference file drop down list e Set coordinate system allows to change the initial coordinate system for resulting mosaic if necessary see the chapter 14 Coordinate system transformation e Use tie points for more precise images ROI s superposition on cutlines for mosaic building use tie points measurements performed both automatically and manually see the chapter 7 2 4 Tie points search and edit e Set background color as transparent when saving the resulting mosaic in MapInfo format selected in the Georeference file drop down list you can set the background color which is shown in MapInfo system as transparent e Save georeference as NonEarth when saving the resulting mosaic in Maplnfo format selected in Georeference file drop down list allows you to save georeference as NonEarth coordinate system Used if MapInfo system does not support coordinate system of PHOTOMOD Geo
26. Mosaic project e Replace background color allows to change color of pixels located inside mosaic image to avoid pixels on output image with the same color as its background e Transform by georeference points allows to transform the initial image using georeference points Georeference file should be in TAB format The operation is used mainly for space images transformation Images also could be referenced directly in PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic module see the chapter 7 4 Raster image georeferencing e Rotation angle allows to rotate output mosaic It is helpful when initial images block has elongated shape and you need to cut unnecessary background in rectangle window of resulting mosaic 2009 40 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 8 2 Brightness adjustment Brightness adjustment tab is used for radiometric correction of source images to produce seamless mosaic x Mosaic Brightness adjustment Split into sheets Global adjustmen C None C By average brightness Use only overlapping areas Ge By selected image lt p E68 gt Local adjustmer L On Parameters h Seams feathering Iv Use brightness pre correction Cancel Fig 24 Brightness adjustment parameters This panel allows to setup global brightness adjustment of resulting mosaic see the chapter 8 2 1 Global brightness adjustment and also local adjustment parameters see the chapter 8 2 2 Local brightness adjustment Mark the option Seams
27. O 164805 265 X1 536517 248 Y1 164805 265 X2 536517 248 Y2 165305 305 X3 536017 208 Y3 165305 305 Sheet3 Name Sheet A mr X0 536517 208 Y0O 164805 265 X1 537017 248 59 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 Y1 164805 265 X2 53 017 248 Y2 165305 305 X3 53651 7 208 Y3 165305 305 Sheet4 Name Sheet_5 tif X0 535017 208 YO 165305 265 X1 535517 248 Y1 165305 265 X2 535517 248 Y2 165805 305 X3 535017 208 Y3 165805 305 Note If borders are loaded from text file the sheets can be of any convex quadrangle shape for example a trapeze 11 Building mosaic 11 1 Building and viewing mosaic Mosaic creation is started by menu command Mosaic Build or by clicking the icon gt of the main icon bar that opens standard OS Windows dialog of output file name selection Save as window In case of splitting the mosaic into sheets if the appropriate option is ON see the chapter 10 Splitting mosaic into map sheets the dialogue of file name input appears where you should input file name of output map sheets see the chapter 10 3 Sheet file names 2009 60 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 sO ee ee a Ma 19 x Image View Project Mosaic ROIs Service Blockscheme Windows Help EE Sal l aaa lei al aal ez Bla e File name Mosaic save G gt RA Save as type Tag Image File Format TIFF z Cancel Tag Image File Format TIFF Window
28. Print or the button to print the image or its fragment Make necessary settings in the window opened bp Lasenet 1320 PCL E f o Ki 1 0 57 Moscow_image men ar a Options Fig 84 Printing settings In the left part of the window you can adjust the printing options offsets printer selection and its preferences using the Options button and input a title of the image to be printed in the appropriate field Use the Preview window to the right to view printing settings Push the Print button to start printing or Cancel to cancel printing and close the window 19 3 6 Image saving Use menu command File Save or the i button to save the image or its fragment If you need to save the image to file with new name select menu command File Save as or the button RH which opens the following window 97 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 a File E new image File format Tag Image File Format TIFF e Create MS TIFF Compression I TIFF JPEG compression Image quality 0 Georeference file PHOTOMOD GEO Data format E bit aa Fig 85 Image save settings The image will be saved with name indicated in the File field in one of the following formats selected in the File format drop down list e Tag Image File Format TIFF allows to save output file with or without JPEG compression depending on the opti
29. RPC available in it are input otherwise the image is processed using generic DLT algorithm e Quick Bird 61cm resolution for pan chromatic imagery and 2 44m for multispectral The system allows to process Basic Standard Ortho Ready and Standard levels of imagery in TIFF or GeoTIFF formats See the chapter 7 1 1 Space borne images adding 7 1 1 3 Working with images larger than 4GB In many cases raster files created when adding scanner images may become larger than 4 GB in size Special file format PRF PHOTOMOD Raster File was developed to store and process such rasters This format may be chosen in the dialog for saving scanner images being added Choosing this format makes enabled the Parameters button pushing which bring up the following dialog Saying parameters Maximal size of raster Files 1074 Mb IT Use LAW compression Pyramid part of original image 1 256 A ana Maximal size of raster files this parameter sets the maximum size of fragments into which the raster over 4 GB is split Use LZW compression this option enables lossless compression LZW for the raster It is recommended to turn this option on especially when the image contains background areas with constant brightness and color usually black Pyramid part of original image to speedup display in small zoom along with the fragments a general pyramid image is saved starting with the given zoom level This option allows changing the st
30. RSW raster formats of PHOTOMOD VectOr module ERDAS IMAGINE IMG ERDAS system raster format NITF NITF JPEG JPEG GIF GIF PNG PNG PCIDSK PIX raster format with georeference in the heading developed by PCI Geomatics company e JPEG2000 JP2 raster format with joeg compressing and georeference information in its header output image in this format will have volume limited up to 500 Mb e USGS DEM DEM Note Palette images of TIFF GIF and BMP formats could be also loaded and processed correctly in PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic module Initial images must be georeferenced Nevertheless you can open non georeferenced images in PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic and reference them create georeference file using 5 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 ground control points in image georeference window see the chapter 7 4 Raster image georeferencing Prior to mosaic creation you should specify mosaicking parameters in Parameters window opened by pushing the icon 9 or selecting menu command Mosaic Parameters see the chapter 8 Parameters and preferences In the same window opened by menu command Mosaic Parameters on Mosaic tab you can set the parameters of the mosaic file compression if necessary as well as background color and georeference file type After pushing the Scale button an additional panel is opened allowing you to input the scale of resulting mosaic by fill
31. Software PHOTOMOD 4 4 Module PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic USER MANUAL Racurs Moscow 2009 Generali iii aa 4 2 Installation starting and uninstall of PHOTOMOD GeoMoSalC o ooccconnncccconcccococcncocnnnanonnanaronnnnarnnnas 4 e oo RAE A o Joes soustaviecen seuwbousunccossicuatsavaateormarvecdseiie 5 Ae I e ed Let EE den paesueeuennen ace iaesawasugcievaee ieaereuoupeu sen cunee ese onauesawecgesedsseneesnecan cee 5 5 Recommended procedure of MOSAIC building cooccccconcnncccononcconancononcanoncnnanonnnnnnronnnnnrennnannnos 5 Mall program MGI is aan 7 E POV Ct GE T Ze S APN E E E sermeit en cea ses teseateanec 8 E TEE 9 0 4 REGIONS OF EE ee Ee 9 E ee 10 Gs SOL ICS ale ae e Ee Ee 10 ABD SCI EE 13 Seele EE 13 O A 13 P eg We RL KE Le UI E e E 13 Th Ee AGING MYA EE 13 E AS E 14 Hi NMAC GS FAG TONIC UEC COM CCM ten sik ies Daten ba Wack ee neta Steals 17 E ES li o MA EEE aE E 22 1 2 Creating Regions of let EE 24 Pia a Resins Of Ture Dy ASAU E 24 PEZ CUE CHEAT TUS AA AA A A Sch PAI Creatine WE 25 EE DOMES SCOTECIV ONG COM eege A SE PAD EE EE 30 7 3 SINGIS IMAGES ite Lee EEN 32 7 4 Raster image georeferencing tip ee 33 1 0 IMAGES referencing EE 36 6 Parameters and preferentes iii ac 39 So MOS aaa 39 8 2 Brightness aus Md A a A saan 41 E E E 4 EE EE eege eelere 42 EE ebe 45 Giz NOVOA FECOMMCHAQIONS a A EE T E TNE 45 9 OPINO IMO ct ta Ee 47 EN En e 48 9 MOSAIC e 50 10 Splitting mosaic into map s
32. TIFF used to build a pyramid image of output mosaic inside TIFF or GeoTIFF file that allows to speed up the image zooming Grayscale output this check box is active only when at least one of the original images is an RGB one Mark it to create the output mosaic as grayscale image Options in the Mosaic compression panel are used to compress the output mosaic image Check the TIFF JPEG compression box and use the slider Image quality 0 100 if you want to apply the compression The default value of compression is 75 usually it causes the 5 7 times compression of initial image volume 39 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 e Background color used to set a color for mosaic background since it always inscribes into a rectangular raster Following options of background color are provided Black White Other the last one opens standard OS Windows dialog of color selection In case of grayscale output selected color is replaced by corresponding grayscale value with the same intensity e Resampling method allows to choose brightness interpolation mode for orthomosaic creation bilinear cubic and nearest neighbor e Georeference file allows to select the format of the additional file created along with output mosaic and containing the information for mosaic referencing to coordinate system See the chapter 15 Georeference file e Interpolation cell size in PHOTO
33. a set of buttons used for raster image scale management one step zooming out duplicated by key one step zooming out duplicated by key for all images opened e 11 1 1 mode image cell corresponds to the screen pixel duplicated by Alt 1 keys e one step zooming in duplicated by ka key 91 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia 19 3 July 2009 ig H uk one step zooming in duplicated by key for all images opened o gl fitting the whole image into the window duplicated by Alt Enter keys Mouse wheel steering is also used for image zoom in zoom out Current image zoom is shown in window title bar in brackets after image name and in the lower part of the window as f 4a You can move image in window in panning mode by mouse along with pressed Alt key Work in application Open an image in application window by the button E or select menu command File Open that allows to load a raster of one of the following formats e Tag Image File Format TIFF e Windows Bitmap File BMP e VectOr SIT RSW MTW raster format of PHOTOMOD VectOr and Panorama systems see the chapter 12 Export of mosaic to PHOTOMOD VectOr GeoTIFF TIFF format containing special tags with georeference data ERDAS IMAGINE IMG raster format of ERDAS system NITF NITF JPEG JPEG GIF GIF PNG PNG PCIDSK PIX raster
34. add the image to the list of batch processing files in lower panel 3 Select more images to be processed in batch mode in the same way You can include exclude images to batch processing using the following tools To select all images in the panel 3 use the button E Select all to clear selection of all EN d images click the button Unselect all to invert selection click the button Invert selection For the image selected in the panel 3 you can make settings for its radiometric and geometric correction and saving Use buttons of the toolbar above the panel 3 to select and setup radiometric and geometric operations see the chapter 19 3 1 Radiometric correction and 19 3 2 Geometric transformations The panel 4 then will contain a list of selected processes for each image 95 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia You can make settings for save operation by clicking the button 154 Edit output parameters In the window opened select target file name and path then in the next opened window make necessary settings see the chapter 19 3 6 Saving preferences will be shown in the panel 5 You can save a set of your operations selected for chosen image or images to file with CNV extension by clicking the button E save conversion of current image This operations set could be applied then to another image or images selected in the panel 3 For that click the button H apply conversion to sel
35. aic tab in Parameters window is on see the chapter 8 1 Mosaic 29 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 7 2 5 Regions of Interest import and export You can import regions of interest from vector files in Shape and DXF formats by menu command ROIs Import ROPs Regions of interest are created on the initial images and stored in pixel coordinates system The main task during the import is image selecting for correct ROIs referencing ROPs referencing parameters are set up in the window opened by menu command ROls Import ROI s Import from DXF Import from Shape x Linear units Use Lat Lon Ge Degrees e Radians Referencing metho Ce mage number C Source file name Image code Image name Construct nam res Roo Ce Laver name Block name Attribute name St Cancel Fig 16 After import regions of interest are referenced to mosaic using the following options e Image number number of image in GeoMosaic project It is taken from initial order of images in Open images window just after PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic opening e Layer number image number in its order of including to mosaic i e its number in Images order window see the chapter 8 2 4 Additional recommendations e Source file name file name with extension which is used at PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic project creation e Image name initial file name without extension Import from DX
36. and Survey of Sweden EPSG lg AT OU 2 5 gon Ww Sweden National Land Survey of Sweden EPSG Ki SADES South America Brazil EPSG Uses GAS6 ellipsoid with 1f to J 56069 UTM zone 175 South America B4ddeg Wrest to 78deg West southern hemizp E SADES UTM zone 18M South Amenca Adeg West to Adeg West northern A 4 H UK Details Mew Edit Remove Export Import Cancel Fig 65 Coordinate systems database Besides the EPSG database there are Cartesian on the plane and Local the Earth is approximated by sphere coordinate systems added The Cartesian coordinate system is used for relatively small blocks of large scale aerial images The coordinate systems are created separately for each zone So if you have a project covering several zones all ground control point coordinates must be recalculated to the coordinate system of one zone The name of coordinate system looks like NAD83 UTM zone 30N where NAD83 is a datum UTM is a coordinate system 30 is a number of zone and N is a hemisphere north Select the coordinate system and click OK button to assign it to the project See also the chapter 16 4 Coordinate system editing Types of coordinate systems Coordinate system types the list is open by the New button of Select reference system window are as follows e Geocentric coordinate system with the origin in the mass center of the Earth At that Z axis is oriented to the North pole X axis to the intersecti
37. and open the window used for changing the initial coordinate system of mosaic project x Coordinate systems database Intemational Reference Systeme Database Select Input coordinate system Ce Far all For each image wes o4 UTM zone 39M Select Output coordinate system Pulkovo 1942 UK Fig 61 Upper field of this window is intended for selecting of coordinate systems database from set of databases included to PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic and opened after pushing the Select button Select database International Reference Systeme Database Reference Systems Database for Latvia Reference systems for Poland Reference systems for Taiwan Cancel Fig 62 After that select coordinate system of initial images in the Input coordinate system field If initial images are linked to different coordinate systems choose appropriate coordinate system for each image individually or for all images of the project by selecting options For each image or For all When choosing coordinate system for individual image push the LS Select button and select individual image and its coordinate system by the button Is in opened window with list of project images Tf RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 Coordinate system selection and working with it including creating new one in opened window is described in the chapter 16 Coordinate systems PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic us f Pro ct Images V
38. arch and edit If it is necessary to superpose ROPs from adjacent images more precisely you can find and measure tie points located near cutlines Tie points could be measured both manually and automatically Search and edit tools for tie points are located in the window opened by menu command Mosaic Tie points or by the icon SS in upper button bar You can measure tie points along cutlines in automatic mode first by pushing the button Search tie points in automatic mode After that tie points are displayed on the images and their coordinates are shown in the list Click tie point on the image and its coordinates will be highlighted in the list of measured points Double click on the raw of coordinates of the point selected places marker on this point in the image window Then you can view tie points and if automatic search results are unacceptable and there is big divergence of terrain contours near cutlines in preview window you may measure ties manually in the following way In preview window with cutlines shown place the marker on the cutline in area of terrain lines divergence oo Open window of tie points search and push the button Center images around marker After that windows with images where the point should be measured open and markers in them are placed approximately on the point Place markers precisely on the measured point in images windows Push the button Add point or t Add point with correlation to measu
39. arting zoom level of the pyramid 7 2 Creating Regions of Interest 7 2 1 Regions of Interest by default Mosaic is build by transformation of initial images Image area which is supposed to be included into mosaic is called region of interest ROI and its boundary cutline Each source image has a rectangular region of interest ROI by default This area excludes 10 of the image from each side just to make sure to avoid areas with fiducial marks from the output mosaic Use the option Trim off images edges on General tab of Preferences window to setup the area to be cut off see the chapter 6 5 Preferences You can change the size of this rectangular ROI by using menu command ROPs Trim off images edges or by pushing the icon _ Trim off images edges or by drag and drop the green cutline on the image If you are not going to create more complex cutlines for example based on the rules of the classic photogrammetry you can just start mosaic or preview building using these default ROls The images order in the output mosaic which image is lower or upper in the T overlapping area is defined by the order selected in the window opened by the icon 15 Images order see the chapter 8 2 4 Additional recommendations The source rectangles 2009 24 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 may be converted to 4 corner polygons using menu command ROIs Polygon lt rectangle see the chapter 7 3 Single image window After that ROI become
40. as fi You can also use following key combinations to zoom arbitrary image fragment or move it e Ctrl Alt mouse zooming in by zoom box drawn by mouse e Ctrl Alt Shift mouse zooming out by zoom box e Alt mouse panning the image e Mouse wheel mouse wheel steering allows to zoom in zoom out image on the screen 2009 32 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 Following sliders HE C located at the bottom of the window are used to set up brightness contrast and gamma respectively for the active image When working with color images there is a possibility to adjust these radiometric parameters separately by channels using the buttons Bugs Right click any slider and select the option Set original BCG correction to restore BCG settings by default Note These settings are memorized and used for output mosaic creation When you create ROI see the chapter 7 2 3 Creating and editing ROI you can use the icon Ei duplicated by Alt Z hot keys to show hide cutlines from the adjacent images on from the current one Each cutline is displayed by different color and is labeled by the corresponding image number ROIs on images which are above the current image are shown by hatch The lower string of image window consists of three parts with information helpful to estimate the following values of resulting mosaic 6 sheets x 938 x 625 x 24 10305 0 0 0 0 2587156 899 VOD 235 235 Number of map sheets of resultin
41. at allows to show it in the attribute s table in MapInfo software after cutlines opening in it 31 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 7 3 Single image window X PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic Project1 E DemoCD_38 Projects GeoMosaic Images 675 tif 1 1 i E xj 18 x eau cal vil Tell al la ml allan les Te 3 ale e Images View Project Mosaic ROIs Service Blockscheme Windows Help ROIs editor E Jal lx x Els GE e Ze ON e CORY G A KS Ce 2 A Dn a A i j IC pps 6 sheets x 938 x 625 x 24 10305K 480 0 Y 402 0 2568692 599 6585946 835 Fig 18 Single image window At the lower part of the window there are standard icons for displaying raster image e a one step zooming out duplicated by key e one step zooming out duplicated by key for all images opened AIR 1 1 mode image cell corresponds to the screen pixel duplicated by Alt 1 shortcut Ks e J one step Zooming in duplicated by key s H ky f e one step zooming in duplicated by key for all images opened e gl fitting the whole image into the window duplicated by Alt Enter shortcut e fitting the whole image into the window for all images opened in block scheme duplicated by Alt Shift Enter shortcut Current image zoom is shown in title bar in brackets after image name and in the lower part of the window
42. atabase Coordinate systems database includes a list of coordinate systems supported by GeoTIFF format used to store georeferenced raster images standard of EPSG European Petroleum Survey Group 2009 80 16 3 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 BER CA FET Description S oOo A Pulkovo 1995 Gauss Kruger zone 4 Russia West of 24 deg East Man Terme of Reference for m Pulkowo 1995 Gauss Kruger zone E Russia 24 deg to 30 deg East Main Terms of Reference f E Pulkovo 1995 Gauss Kruger zone 6 Russia 30 deg to 36 deg East Main Termes of Reference f E Pulkovo 1995 Gauss Kruger zone Y Russia 36 deg to 42 deg East Main Terms of Reference f p Pulkovo 1995 Gauss Kruger zone H Russia 42 deg to 48 deg East Main Terms of Reference f m Pulkovo 1995 Gauss Kruger zone 9 Russia 48 deg to 54 deg East Main Terms of Reference f M Data Qatar onshore EPSG J Qatar Qatar National Grid Qatar onshore EPSG lg Qatar 1948 Qatar onshore EPSG E Qormoqg Greenland EPSG E Hassachtan Iran Taher refinery site only EPSG Used only for onshore ter E Rassadiran Nakhle Tag Iran Taben refinery site only Total Fina EPSG Used for termir Di AD Netherlands Hew Netherlands onshore EPSG Supersedes 28991 AD 7 Nethe E DD Netherlands Old Netherlands onshore EPSG Superseded by 26992 RO Ne Aras Sweden EPSG El AT38 Stockholm Sweden EPSG A a Sweden National Land Survey of Sweden EPSG a DIOU Sweden National L
43. available for editing as described in the chapter 7 2 3 Creating and editing regions of interest 7 2 2 Cutlines creating rules 72 2 Cutlines are boundaries of Regions of interest areas on the source images used to be transformed and merged to the output mosaic It is recommended to draw cutlines manually to improve mosaic quality considering the following rules 1 Draw ROIs as close as possible to the image principal point to increase geometrical accuracy of images matching 2 lf orthophotos are used as initial images make sure that cutlines do not intersect the objects which are considerably towering over the relief bridges tall buildings power lines piers etc Otherwise the objects could furcate or partially disappear from the mosaic 3 Cutlines should not go along the extended objects with brightness different from the main background forest area boundary road etc Otherwise the edge smearing effect occurs on the object boundary if the option Seams feathering is ON It is recommended either to intersect such objects on the right angle or draw the cutline on some distance not less than one and a half interpolation cell size in pixels from the boundary 4 Re draw the cutlines over alternating areas on the image with different color or draw it in parallel with the objects boundary but on some distance from it to avoid abnormally bright areas on the output mosaic when local adjustment option is ON see p 3 5 T
44. average color of its neighbors considering weight coefficients Neighbor color correction algorithm is also helpful when it is necessary to obtain an image with objects of more similar color and also for images with poor georeference when there is noticeable shift of objects on color and b w images In this case the correction may result in some sharpening of objects contours see Fig 60 Push the button Ee to open the following window to setup parameters of neighbor color correction process be Meighbor color correction Aperture size Gray threshold 15 ls RGB threshold fo A Fig 58 Neighbor color correction parameters The window is intended for adjustment of the following parameters e Aperture size size of neighboring area around pixel to be processed measured in pixels of color raster For instance Fig 59 shows that hatched pixel is surrounded by 3x3 pixels area which color values will be used for measuring of central pixel color So the aperture in this case is 3 Maximal allowed aperture size Is 9 15 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 Fig 59 Aperture size around pixel with color to be defined e Grey threshold averaging is performed only for those pixels where grey color intensity in appropriate pixels of b w raster differs from the current pixel intensity not more then for the threshold defined e RGB threshold averaging is performed only f
45. borne images you should transform it from lat long coordinate system into coordinate system selected in mosaic parameters window in the Set coordinate system panel see the chapter 8 1 Mosaic and 14 Coordinate system transformation See more details about georeference files formats in PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic in the chapter 15 Georeference file 2009 16 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 1 Image radiometric correction Images to be added to PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic module often are not tuned enough for their comfort viewing and processing This may be caused by the optical features of survey equipment radiant energy converter analog digital converter etc Such images require preliminary radiometric processing to improve their visual features Besides the data acquired by some sensors IKONOS QuickBird Cartosat is supplied in format of 10 12 bit per channel For further processing in PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic module it should be transferred to 8 bit per channel format After pushing the Add button while image selection process in the Image adding window see the chapter 7 1 1 Space borne images adding the system will ask you to perform dynamic range adjustment procedure of selected image automatically If you would not like to correct images radiometrically push the No button in the dialogue shown below warning eee xi AN Radiometric processing is recommended For the image Should it be performed and the image will be added without hist
46. ce 2009 10 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 Service menu consists of the following items Colors duplicated by the D icon of the main icon bar Used to set colors for displaying such objects as cutlines selected ROI and other objects Preferences duplicated by the icon of the main icon bar Opens system preferences dialog see the chapter 8 4 System preferences ECG Show regulation panel duplicated by the d icon of the main icon bar or hot keys Ctrl T shows hides lower panel with sliders for brightness contrast gamma corrections Print window allows to print any active module window with pre setting of print options Printe HF Color Lazerdet 4550 Fields crn 3 0 FA f o A ar M Er SR Title Mosaic preview Print Cancel Fig 3 Printing options setting Left part of this window allows to set up printing options paper sheet fields printer selecting and its settings using the Options button and also input the title of printed image in the appropriate field You can preview all these settings in preview window in the right part of the window Print map allows to print any active window of the module with pre setting of print options and splitting the image into sheets Execute PHOTOMOD Dust Correct duplicated by the al icon of the main icon bar opens a window intended for cleaning mosaic image from artifacts see the chapter 11 3 Mosaic editing in Dust Correct application
47. ch separate sheet file name border and status create mosaic not create mosaic see Fig 37 2009 54 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 AM Sheet list LASS gt ll x Wah boundaries Height boundaries a ie Sheet_1_1 ti 2586600 2587601 59999991 6583000 6584001 59999991 313 313 E Sheet_1_2 ti 2587600 2588601 59999991 6583000 6584001 59999991 313 313 E Sheet_1_3 ti 2588600 2589601 59999991 6583000 6584001 59999991 313 313 1 4 Sheet_1_4 ti 2589600 2590601 59999991 6583000 6584001 59999991 313 313 15 Sheet_1_5ti 2590600 2591601 59999991 6583000 6584001 59999991 313 313 sa 2 1 Sheet_2_1 ti 2586600 2597601 59999991 6584000 6595001 59999991 313 313 SE Sheet_2_2 ti 2587600 2588601 59999991 6584000 6595001 59999991 313 313 BEE S Sheet_2_3 ti 2588600 2589601 59999991 6584000 6595001 59999991 313 313 EE 2 4 Sheet_2_4 ti 2589600 2590601 59999991 6584000 6585001 59999991 313 313 25 Sheet_2_5ti 2590600 2591601 59999991 6584000 6585001 59999991 313 313 Sheets all selected 25 125 Fig 37 In this window you can change the sheet status create skip by checking clearing the check box in the Create column For editing of file name of selected sheet push the button Bl change sheet name and input new name in the window appeared For editing of selected sheet name you can use the following keys F2 to start editing En
48. color is setup it its average value the slider position is in 50 this color channel will be not corrected 73 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 Fig 55 Initial color image left pan sharpening operation result by Brovey method without color correction in center with automatic correction right Mosaic ES Pansharp_fortest 31Mosal Wa Fig 56 Initial color image left pan sharpening operation result by Brovey method without color correction right 2009 74 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 Pan sharpening x Mosaic E Pansharp_ fi ioj sl High resolution image grayscale E Pansharp forestas osaic DA tif Low resolution image color E Pansharp_fortesta Mosaic_AGE tit Pan harpened image EsPansharp_fortest green tit Pan sharpening metho Ei eg deet i M Use fragment Automatic correction IT Create M5 TIFF Compression l I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l F TIFF JPEG com Method standard Image quality Level eee olor balance Sy Bee Green Jh Interpolate color irr e Spectral color corre A 0 0 0 0 0 O60 cen Uk PHOTOMOD GEO Cancel Fig 57 Result of the same operation when the green color brightness is reduced IT Neighbor color cor In some cases you can use the option Neighbor color correction see Fig 51 At that each pixel of color image gets its color from an
49. ct D PH_resources 3block tif E 2 File Parameters Window Help T I xj X 1465 00 Y 1292 00 k left 1430 top 1256 right 1500 bottom 1329 Paste amp Write OK Fig 44 Image processing result in Dust Correct application window For selecting the fragment by green frame use Shift mouse combination to cancel selection click Esc You may open and edit the fragment selected either in PHOTOMOD built in editor or in external software To open selected image in built in editor open the Parameters panel using menu command Parameters Parameters and check out the option Use internal editor Fig 45 2009 64 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 x hd Use internal editor h Maximize editor window DE Fig 45 Then copy the fragment to the clipboard using standard OS Windows command Ctrl C or CH pushing the icon Ea Copy to clipboard of Dust Correct toolbar After that the Editor window containing the fragment selected opens xi vanae Je Peso 4 253 25 Y 167 25 A Fig 46 Editor window In the Editor window place the mouse cursor in the source point by Shift mouse click the exact place where the image texture fits closely the needed one At that you can set the 16 aperture value in the upper numeric field the diameter of the circle around the source point which is the source of the patch texture Afterwards clean the artifact using mouse moves Use the following buttons to
50. d draw the cutlines precisely considering terrain features local brightness buildings etc on 25 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 the areas without hatching But you can continue the cutline under the hatched areas schematically keeping only the overlapping with the adjacent ROI During transformation of overlapping ROls into cutlines the algorithm of holes finding between cutlines is working If such hole is found you get the warning and this area is shown by red hatching on preview image if the option Fill holes between cutlines is ON Service Preferences menu command General tab Push the button E ROIs editor or click menu command ROIs ROIs editor to open a panel with the following simple vector editing tools used for creating polygons x Ggs l Ej 3 8 e al duplicated by Insert key adds ROI starting ROI creation o 9 removes ROI e al duplicated by S key or double mouse click selects ROI Z e unselects ROI duplicated by Insert key adds new vertex to ROI In case of selected ROI inserts a vertex between two closest ones In case of creating ROI add a new vertex e ES duplicated by Delete key deletes selected vertex cal e duplicated by single mouse click selects vertex e x unselects vertex e To move a vertex select it and move by left mouse button holding down the Ctrl key The last group
51. d contains the following commands Color channels duplicated by the button SS Auto levels duplicated by the button fe Curves duplicated by the button A Brightness Contrast Gamma duplicated by the button a Color balance duplicated by the button Filters duplicated by the button i Rotate Flip duplicated by the button Si Resize duplicated by the button a Raster expansion duplicated by the button ER Trim edges duplicated by the button E Undo all duplicated by the button cancels all performed operations Cancel duplicated by the button E cancels the last operation Redo duplicated by the button af cancels the last undo operation Batch opens a window used to process a set of images see the chapter 19 2 3 Batch processing Windows used for windows location management and contains the following commands Cascade displays windows stacked and cascading from the upper left to the lower right of the screen Tile vertically displays windows edge to edge vertically Tile horizontally displays windows edge to edge horizontally Minimize displays all opened windows minimized along the bottom of the screen Help contains the following commands Contents or F1 key opens Help file About opens a window with information related to version number serial number date of version compiling etc 19 2 Image zooming tools At the lower left part of the window there is
52. dered as map sheet Sheet names are defined as initial images names in GeoMosaic project and they could be changed if necessary Sheets management turn ON OFF rename is the same as for Regular sheets splitting see the chapter 10 1 Splitting parameters If the check box Remove sheets out of project is marked by default the map sheets on the image area which is out of project territory will be not created If it is necessary to import and show all sheets irrespective of their location on mosaic project clear the check box and re build the preview to see where the sheets are located You can also exclude sheets manually on preview image as described in the chapter 10 2 Splitting preview 53 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 10 1 Splitting parameters If you split the mosaic into Regular sheets or By images specify the parameters of splitting in the window opened by the button Parameters from the tab Mosaic Parameters Splitting into sheets Block splitting parameters x Block extents m Sheet size m width 2245 119 Height den 2z Hiorth 1036111 766 Wiest 0069729 972 B08 10 348 south 1043081 429 Overlap a Number of sheets Horizontally 0 Vertically 0 pue A Vertically 3 Sheets base name Sheet Sheet list Reset OF Cancel IT Trim off null edges Fig 36 To change the extents of the mosaic enter new coordinate value
53. e chapter 16 Coordinate systems 2009 88 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 18 PHOTOMOD MSTiff Maker utility In some cases when you create the projects with big number of images located on different media and which occupy a huge disk space it is convenient to transfer them into PHOTOMOD MSTiff format even prior to new project creation This format allows to speed up the access to the initial raster image and also to save disk space For such transfer use the utility opened by the following command Start Programs PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic Utilities PHOTOMOD MSTiff Maker OPHOTOMOD MsTiff Maker f 0 x Source images Beton Volume E Processing list OOOO O O D HA KONOS See E IKONOSMEKONOS Moscow po_7015_rqb_O000000 tif gt oie SONOS Moscow E _IKONOSMEKONOS Moscowspo_ 015_rgb_0010000 tif ele Demo D EY distr_mil PAC dain a po_ 015_rgb_D000000 tit po_ 015_rgb_001 0000 tit Conversion settings Target folder Extimages A Start File names modifications A Ce AUZE Add prefix Compress ES nEw l Processing quality s Eancel Add sufi 80 A e Overarite exisiting files Decompress Close Fig 75 MSTiff Maker window In Source images window select the folder with images upper window and Tiff files stored there lower window You can add exclude images files from Processing list window using arrow buttons located between the windows Click these buttons to collect the s
54. e it is recommended to select an image from the middle part of the block as a reference one However in case of abnormal brightness fluctuations trends you can face a problem of smooth increasing or reducing of the brightness from the reference image to the block edges So its not a recommended option for such kind of data 8 2 2 Local brightness adjustment The local adjustment of image brightness applies some brightness transformation along cutlines of images that are merged into mosaic with a smoothing going down to the image central point and mosaic edges During this process the brightness additive component and contrast multiplicative component of initial images are changed at the same time Use the Local adjustment panel on the Brightness adjustment tab on the Parameters window to setup the process parameters There are some suggestions for creating cutlines for local brightness adjustment It is recommended to draw cutlines along the borders of uniform color objects but at some offset from it to avoid border blurring when using the Seams feathering option see the chapter 8 2 Brightness adjustment The offset size should be about one two Interpolation cell sizes values see the chapter 8 1 Mosaic considering the ratio between source images and output mosaic scales For example interpolation cell size 32 source image cell size 0 17 m and the required mosaic cell size is 0 5 meters The ratio between source and output
55. e or name fragment in the File name column of sheets list input symbols into search field and push the button E Find sheet or press Enter Click the icon E Save to save sheets borders to file in TXT format after that input file name and path in the window opened Mosaic sheets parameters created in this window could be exported to TXT DXF or CSV format Push the button Export and specify output file name and path in the window opened To exit Sheet list window click the icon D or cancel parameters editing by clicking Esc Note Block must contain at least one sheet When the number of sheets Is one its status is always To be created and it cannot be excluded from processing Once splitting parameters are selected push OK and open preview window with splitting results see the chapter 10 2 Splitting preview 10 2 Splitting preview To display the results of splitting mosaic into sheets push the a icon of the main icon bar or select menu command Mosaic Preview to open Preview window Fig 39 2009 56 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 SPHOTOMOD GeoMosaic Project1 l x Project Images View ROIs Mosaic Service Blockscheme Windows Help Neal 3d ede ALIANE FAS SCX Bam air EE No selected images 39 sheets x 250 x 219 x 24 6256K X 240 0 Y 176 0 X 6586029 617 2588969 333 Fig 39 Preview of splitting into map sheets When the button E Sheet extents is pushed click the selec
56. e scale management e duplicated by key one step zoom in A duplicated by key one step zoom out e H duplicated by Alt Enter shortcut fits image to window e 1 1 duplicated by Alt 1 shortcut 1 1 zoom image cell corresponds to screen pixel Current ratio between image size and scale is shown in the window E For zooming in by zoom box press Ctrl Alt keys and draw the box by the mouse Use Ctrl Alt Shift keys for zooming out by zoom box For panning over the image move a mouse cursor along with pressed Alt key If there is more than 8 bits per channel in the image the histogram stretching operation is applied for the whole brightness range automatically for each channel independently The following tools are used for image radiometric correction Operation of histogram stretching for the whole brightness range for each channel is started from the window opened by the button ane Channels 2009 18 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 E Red Channel 3 VM Green Blue Channel 1 en mm Fig 8 Channels order window Note The initial order of channels is setup depending on type of the image to be added The button Jk opens a window used for auto levels setup operation Auto levels Ki f ci Mall Channels k Mumber of nodes Ki Trim left fi D A Trim right D Ki coa zm Fig 9 Auto levels window The operation inc
57. ected images and select CNV file When all necessary images are selected and operations are setup push the button gt Start batch processing to launch the processing After that the window of save settings of batch processing results will be opened if the settings were not selected previously 19 3 4 Operations with image fragment You can select an image fragment by mouse drag over the area you want to select holding down Shift The fragment boundary is shown by green dashed line with small rectangles on its sides Drag the rectangles to resize the fragment Copy the fragment selected to the clipboard by Ctrl C and then paste it to a new window by Shift Ctrl V shortcut re ImageProcessor eis File ROI Processing Windows Help oH Ska een 7 LF 168 x 168 x 24 i Ioj x LE _IKONOS Stereo_Moscow Images po_7015_rak DO Z e 4 QeuQeaen x 841 y 1488 R 90 G 91 B 89 642 1312 810 1480 Fig 83 Initial image right and its fragment 2009 96 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 You can apply operations of radiometric correction see the chapter 19 3 1 Radiometric correction and geometric transformation see the chapter 19 3 2 Geometric transformations to the fragment selected After completing of all necessary processing of the image fragment you can print it see the chapter 19 3 5 Image printing and or save see the chapter 19 3 6 Image saving 19 3 5 Image printing BE Use menu command File
58. ed and the rotation is executed on fly 5 Clear deletes all points list cleanup Es add point measures new point coordinates on the map and adds them to the end of list At that marker pixel coordinates will be assigned to point and to geodetic coordinates will be assigned O value you can input them manually in appropriate cell Es duplicated by hot keys Ctrl Del delete point deletes the point selected in list al re measure replaces pixel coordinates of selected point At that current pixel coordinates of marker are assigned to point and saved in the list at AUTO Auto place places marker to coordinates of point selected in list EN copy coordinates to clipboard copies coordinates of selected point to clipboard Coordinates are in the following format Xp Yp Xg Yg Cn paste coordinates from clipboard pastes selected point coordinates from the clipboard in following possible formats Xg Yg Xg Yg Zg Xp Yp Xg Yg Xp Yp Zp Xg Yg Zg where Zp equals 0 E select color opens standard OS Windows palette to choose point s symbol color on the map 35 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 E A decimal places allows to input number of decimal places in coordinates of reference points IG Cartesian right Cartesian right coordinate system shows current coordinate system and the left button opens a window us
59. ed for coordinate system change see the chapter 16 Coordinate systems For map georeferencing you should recognize on the map points with known geodetic coordinates Map could be referenced using only one point in that case it is considered that measurement unit is 1 pixel and axes coincide If there are two points then map will be scaled and rotated in case of three points affine transformation will be applied but for accuracy control you should measure not less then 4 points To measure point put marker on point s place on the map and push button Li add point After that points name and pixel coordinates will be added to the list Input geodetic coordinates of the point to appropriate cells manually When fifth point is measured coordinates measurement errors Ex and Ey are automatically calculated and saved to the last columns To place marker on the measured point on the image click the table cell with point number in leftmost column To edit coordinate value in table cell select the cell and press F2 To end editing and save coordinate press Enter to exit from editing without coordinate saving press Esc When raster image referencing is completed push the button El to save georeference file in MapInfo format 7 5 Images referencing For more accurate linking of initial images during mosaicking use images referencing operation in the window opened by pushing the button en images referencing in upper button bar or by t
60. ef instructions in yellow window Installation help Fig 1 You should follow the instructions and pass through all the stages PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic is standalone program and is launched from menu Start Programs PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic or by pushing the icon ES created after installation on Windows Desktop To uninstall PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic system from your computer use the command Start Programs PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic Uninstall or the standard remove programs procedure from OS Windows Control Panel 3 Operating systems PHOTOMOD system works under OS Windows 2000 and OS Windows XP operating systems 4 Protection PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic system is protected by HASP hard lock key from Aladdin Co The hard lock key drivers are installed automatically along with PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic module In case of any errors with the system protection try to install key drivers manually by running HASPUsersetup exe from HASP folder in distribution kit 5 Recommended procedure of mosaic building Once PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic module is opened load initial images to be included into output mosaic using building parameters chosen by user Initial images opened by the main menu command Project Add images duplicated by the icon may be in the following raster formats e Tag Image File Format TIFF TIFF and GeoTiff format containing special parts tags for raster georeferencing information Windows Bitmap File BMP VectOr Raster Maps
61. eference file After selecting all parameters click OK to start saving or Cancel to cancel it In batch processing mode the following window opens for selecting parameters for saving files 2009 98 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 Saving parameters x File format Tag Image File Format TIFF Folder GA gt Create MS TIFF Compression TIFF JPEG compression mage quality Georeference file Data format None E bit ll h Add suffix to input file name out ee Images will be saved in the folder specified in the field Folder with format chosen from the dropdown list File format List of and options for available formats are the same as for saving single image To save image georeference into separate file select its format in the Georeference file drop down list See the chapter 15 Georeference file It is also possible to set a suffix which will be appended to the names of source files when saving images This is controlled by Add suffix to input file name option This may be used for example when saving output files to the same folder as input files After selecting all parameters click OK to start processing or Cancel to cancel it 99 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia
62. em edrtmng reen 82 16 5 Coordinate system Creatng 82 17 ele Ee CUA 85 18 PHOTOMOD MS Tiff Maker TU EE 89 19 PHOTOMOD ImageProcessor EE 90 geo ai BEE gC me 6 00 Rare 6 0 io eee ee ne en ee nee 90 19 2 ue lee ul tee E 91 e en Ee elle EE 92 19 3 1 RadiometriC cortrechon nn nano rr rn da ia 92 19 3 2 Geometric transformatl0NS cccooooooonnnncnnnnnnnnnanenonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nro nn nnnnnrnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnccnnnnnnnns 92 19 DOI DVOCES SUNG nadia 94 ASA AA AP A 95 19 3 4 Operations with image Droagmtent 96 AC EE 97 DDO I VO shape alg dss iaa 97 3 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 1 General info Program PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic is used for creating mosaic from initial images Images to be included into mosaic must be georeferenced Nevertheless you can merge non georeferenced images using ground control points coordinates if necessary The output mosaic may be also split into quadrangle sheets specified by user Created mosaic is referenced to selected coordinate system and has a cell size defined by user Tools of brightness adjustment and creation of regions of interest ROI fragments of each source image included to the output mosaic are also available Borders of regions of interest are named cutlines 2 Installation starting and uninstall of PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic Use setup exe file from the CD ROM to install PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic module The disk s
63. ers Menu command Block scheme Build strips opens the window where you can setup the following parameters of strips creation e Minimal overlap between images The less the parameter the less overlap area is allowed between the images in the strip Minimal angle between axes and diagonals Maximal angle between axes Maximal differences of axis angles Priority strips direct may be horizontal vertical and arbitrary It is recommended to change these parameters only when the strips are created incorrectly You can view created strips in preview window as lines joining centers of images included to the same strip the option Show preview should be ON 8 2 4 Additional recommendations In most cases the local brightness adjustment procedure provides satisfactory results But if you want the algorithm to work ideally draw the cut lines as described below The local adjustment works in such a way that images of each strip are adjusted first and on the second step the strips are inter adjusted So the best situation is when ROls borders inside every strip are continuous as it is showed on the picture 45 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 overlapping areas continuous cutline inside the strip Then the strips are adjusted with some overlapping area overlapping areas Fig 29 Moreover you should pay attention on the order of images insight the strip because
64. et of images from different folders computers to convert them afterwards in PHOTOMOD MSTiff format The Conversion settings panel allows to set up the following parameters of image conversion e Target folder pop down list to select the folder for resulting images storing e File names modification to add name prefix Add prefix field or suffix Add suffix to images names group e Compress to specify initial images compression level after the conversion 80 by default e Decompress to allow decompressing of compressed images while converting If target folder already contains files with the same names you can overwrite them by new ones turning on the Overwrite existing files option The buttons Start Pause Cancel and Close are used for converting process management and Ready Current and Total fields to view the process state 89 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia 19 PHOTOMOD ImageProcessor The application opened by pushing the button Lil on toolbar or by menu command Service ImageProcessor is intended for radiometric correction and geometric transformations of raster images or their fragments and also includes saving and printing options Ui PHOTOMOD ImageProcessor E _IKONOS Stereo_Moscow Images po_7015_rgb_00100 af x Bn File ROT Processing Windows Help x or S SS Ai w Al i m ha e KH CN a ia a i oe y 978 R 85 G 85 B 8
65. feathering to smooth the seam between adjacent images in the narrow zone around The size of smoothing zone is defined by the parameter Interpolation cell size see the chapter 8 1 Mosaic You can include brightness gamma contrast adjustments done for initial images to resulting mosaic creation by marking the option Use brightness pre correction 8 2 kuch Global brightness adjustment The global adjustment Global adjustment panel allows to apply selected type of transformation to all pixels of each source image Select a brightness adjustment type from the following list e None allows to use un adjusted images e By average brightness brightness and contrast are adjusted basing on average values calculated over all mosaic images This method is recommended when there are 41 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 big differences between brightness of images but each of them contains relatively smooth scenes Thus in cases of scenes with sharp different brightness within one image for example the sea and the coast this method may produce incorrect results e By selected image mosaic brightness and contrast are adjusted in accordance with corresponding parameters of selected reference image Use red arrow buttons for the image selection Use the option Use only overlapping areas to consider only overlapping image areas for the brightness adjustment In this cas
66. ference points coordinates and settings for points import from the file After import points coordinates are opened as a table below the map window Point s coordinates could be loaded replacing opened coordinates if the option Clear before import is on or in addition to them if the option is off 2009 34 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 Import parameters x EMPHOTOMOD dataicatalogue_infomap txt gt LZ Name ho M eparabors e Comma Tabulation V Xo E FA Jh Space Semicolon V Ya E A Others e Xp p 55 ecimal separators lv Yp E A h Dot Comma Clear before import coca Fig 20 Settings of import of reference points coordinates from CSV file show vectors hides shows vector objects over raster map if vector file is opened S000 allows to manage the scale of vectors in the window show vertices hides shows vertices of vector objects if vector file is opened Hz save saves georeferencing file in MapInfo TAB format with the same file name as ap file name but with TAB extension a 11 a ql zoom management duplicated by hot keys Alt 1 Alt Enter fi CH shows zoom scale in raster map window 3 O A Si map displaying in grayscale or color mode Tk For more convenient work the map could be rotated in the following ways without rotation E turn at 90 degrees t turn at 180 degrees and Ti turn at 270 degrees At that raster file is not chang
67. file When the building is complete a window with output mosaic opens if the option Display output mosaic is ON see the chapter 8 4 Preferences 61 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic Project1 Mosaic E Geomosaic_Project Mosaic tif 1 2 Images View Project Mosaic ROIs Service Blockscheme Windows Help la sl hl ela sul as 9 esop al al asa lc ale i Ps a K AA Ge CA IS md pm gt gt Y 7 3 Output raster 1695 x 1524 x 24 7568K ect D Y 0 0 X 2586729 333 Y 6587655 217 DA N Fig 43 Mosaic window At the lower left part of Mosaic window there are standard icons for raster image managing e one step zooming out duplicated by key E one step zooming out duplicated by key for all images opened 1 1 1 mode image cell corresponds to the screen pixel duplicated by Alt 1 keys uk e E one step zooming in duplicated by key e E one step zooming in duplicated by key for all images opened gl fitting the whole image into the window duplicated by Alt Enter keys e Ki fitting the whole image into the window for all images opened in block scheme duplicated by Alt Shift Enter keys You can also use following key combinations to zoom arbitrary image fragment or move it e Ctrl Alt mouse zooming in by zoom box drawn by mouse e Ctrl Alt Shift m
68. for group selection of images to be removed Search of the image in the list by its name is also available e Import vectors allows to select and import vector objects in DXF DGN and Shape formats to GeoMosaic project e Exit duplicated by the fil icon of the main icon bar or hot keys Ctrl X exits PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 6 2 Images Images menu is used to load source images to PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic and includes the following options e Open duplicated by the El icon of the main icon bar or hot keys Ctrl O opens a window of the source rasters for selection and loading a single image which is already existing in the list of images of the current project see the chapter 7 Working with a single image While loading rasters basically for ROI creation and editing you can open unlimited number of windows Use standard OS Windows tools pressed Shift or Ctrl keys for the group selection of source image files e Next image duplicated by the gt icon of the main icon bar or hot keys Ctrl N loads the next image of the source block to the current window e Previous image duplicated by the icon of the main icon bar or hot keys Ctrl P loads the previous image of the source block to the current window e Background color option allows you to set the background color of the original images containing non informative data like the background with a constant value of brightness and color To manually set the background color for t
69. for the block fragment 10 Splitting mosaic into map sheets Output mosaic could be divided into map sheets Use the tab Mosaic Parameters Split into sheets Fig 35 to specify splitting parameters 2009 52 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 x Mosaic Brightness adjustment Split into sheets C None C Regular splitting Ce Sheets from file If Remove sheets out of project Li EA C By images Parameters Sheet list File names Cancel Fig 35 Use the following ways to split output mosaic into sheets Regular splitting select the option Regular splitting and specify splitting parameters see the chapter 10 1 Splitting parameters At that the whole mosaic is divided into sequential map sheets according to the parameters selected Sheets from files select the option Sheets from files and load sheet borders exported from PHOTOMOD system resources in txt format in the window opened by the button or import them from external formats txt Ist dxf csv or MIF MID in the window opened by the Import button see the chapter 10 4 Loading sheet coordinates from the text file Besides you can rename files with sheets and frames of mosaic into work numbers in the window opened by the CSV button see the chapter 11 6 Creating marginalia for mosaic By images borders of images are used as borders of mosaic sheets if the option By images is selected At that each initial image of mosaic project is consi
70. format of output image click the button El in Pan sharpened image field and input image file name and select its format in drop down list in the window opened PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic system allows to create pan sharpened images in the following output formats selected from drop down list Tag Image File Format TIFF allows to save output file with or without JPEG compression depending on the option in the Compression panel see below Windows Bitmap File BMP GIS Panorama raster map RSW raster format of Panorama system see the chapter 12 Export mosaic to PHOTOMOD VectOr GeoTIFF TIFF format containing special tags with georeference ERDAS IMAGINE IMG raster format of ERDAS system NITF NITF JPEG JPEG PNG PNG DGN DGN raster format of MicroStation system PCIDSK PIX raster format with georeference data in its header developed by PCI Geomatics JPEG2000 JP2 raster format with jpeg compressing and georeference data in its header output image in this format has limited volume up to 500 Mb 69 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia 13 1 July 2009 Pan sharpening operation is performed using one of three methods HSV Brovey and Principal components If you need to obtain different result select another method using Pan sharpening method drop down list Usually it is not easy to predict in advance how the results of each method will differ One or ano
71. from the keyboard use the Coordinates window opened by menu y command Mosaic Coordinates or by the icon Dal Once the fragment is specified start mosaicking in a standard way by clicking the gt icon or menu command Mosaic Build This mode is useful for quick visual results control on small mosaic portions 11 3 Mosaic editing in Dust Correct application After mosaic building you can clean the artifacts there images of dust particles photo emulsion defects etc For this purpose you can use special application Dust Correct which opens by pushing the icon al in main menu of PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic module Note Dust Correct application works with the images in Windows BMP and Stripped SingleScale TIFF formats without compression If you try to open the image of any other format it is opened in read only mode Open the image selected from the list appeared after clicking main menu command File Za Open image or the hot keys Ctrl O or pushing the icon E For the convenient searching for the artifact zoom in the initial image by hot key for instance and find the defect while panning the image by hot keys Alt mouse or by the keyboard Shift keyboard arrows Then select the fragment containing not only artifact but also an image part with similar texture for substitute cleaning the image 63 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia 10 lx PHOTOMOD DustCorre
72. g mosaic according to the selected parameters see the chapter 10 Splitting mosaic into map sheets Raster size of resulting mosaic in pixels height and width e The last multiplier in this section is number of bits per pixel of mosaic to be created 8 means that resulting image will be black and white 8 bit number 24 shows that the mosaic will be color 24 bit Mosaic volume in kilobytes example on Fig 8 shows that mosaic will be approximately 10 Mb of volume XY coordinates of current cursor position on active image in pixel coordinates XY coordinates of current cursor position on active image in user terrain coordinates you may copy these coordinates to the clipboard by Ctrl C and paste them into selected application by Ctrl V 7 4 Raster image georeferencing Initial raster image in TIFF BMP JPG IMG NTF GIF PNG PIX JP2 formats could be georeferenced using ground control points coordinates in the following window opened by menu command Service Raster georeferencing or by pushing the button bai raster georeference in upper button bar 33 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 Raster georeference E PH_resources InfoMap_Mosaic tif co g e Him SI 211 Gl ob ad as a EA a fa El Tes Cartesian right an aji lua ama ali cuan ir 4970465 512 i Point 1 0 000 0 000 6443309 634 4969898 305 0 000 5301 000 Point 2 0 000 0 000 644
73. he command Service Images referencing The window allows to associate images which are not referenced to coordinate system and may be linked only to each other unlike to rasters georeferencing performed in the appropriate window see the chapter 7 4 Raster image georeferencing manually by identifying the same points on the adjacent images The images located upper lower to each other should be placed to the strips and linked to each other either 2009 36 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 Block scheme D x Oleaje la elelselzlselel Bl Ele fa x D 2002 0 5033 0 A Fig 21 Block scheme window for images referencing LL Open new strip in this window by pushing the button E add strip then add images to this strip by pushing the button add image Add all strips and images place them in needed order using moving tools along with pushed button D images moving mode Then it is possible to reference them manually in the following way indicate the appropriate points on the images by the mouse cursor and press the Insert key To place the cursor accurately on the well recognized points of the image use mouse along with pressed Ctrl key and pushed button gt vertices moving mode To zoom in out the image in Block scheme window use hot keys and on keypad or mouse wheel turn For image panning use mouse move along with pressed Alt key When strips and images are linked to each other pu
74. he local adjustment works in such a way that images of each strip are adjusted first and on the second step the strips are inter adjusted So the best situation is when ROIs borders inside every strip are continuous and the strips have some overlapping area See also the chapter 8 2 4 Additional recommendations Creating and editing Regions of Interest Usually ROIs are created on each source image loading one by one It is convenient to have on the screen two three windows with adjacent images of the source block see the chapter 6 2 Images To view a block fragment around the current image open block scheme using ot the command Window Block scheme or by clicking main panel icon ER see the chapter 6 7 Block scheme ROIs are created using cutlines editor which opens by the W icon or command ROI ROIs editor While adding ROIs you should create them with overlap to avoid holes on the output mosaic For this purpose it is useful to see ROIs from adjacent images on the current one icon Ei Show ROls of the main panel or Alt Z hot keys At that the images order in the overlapping areas on resulting mosaic upper lower t corresponds to the sequence preset in Images order table opens by the icon HE of the main panel ROIs of images located above the current image are hatched see the chapter 8 2 4 Additional recommendations If the hatched ROIs from the adjacent images are shown on the current image you shoul
75. heets ooncconncccccncccncnccconcnconanoconaronnnnrenannrnnnnnennnnrrnnnrrnnnnrrnnnnrrnnnrrnanans 52 E We edu G parameter EE 54 102 SY eo hat ale DIE VIEW ta 56 1O SNSSUTIIC Ta 58 10 4 Loading sheet coordinates from the text ie 58 a H Ee Une MOSAIC aar a E E 60 SS Bu ildng and VIGWINIG Mosas EE 60 11 2 Building mosaic for the block fragment AA 63 11 3 Mosaic editing in Dust Correct application 63 11 4 Measurements over mosaic 66 Tko Loading Mago ePOS 66 11 6 Creating marginalia for ul e 66 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 12 Export of mosaic to PHOTOMOD VectOr ooccconccccocccccocccccoconoconaconcncononaronnnnronnnnnnnnnnernnnrenanrenanareno 67 13 Pal Snarpenind OperatiON E 67 13 1 Golor balancing of OUTOUD IMAG EE 70 14 Coordinate system transSforMatiON ncconcnccccnnccccnnccocanoncnnonnnnnononarononaronannrrnnnnrnannrrnnnnrrnanrrrnanrennnnns 77 15 Georeference file riacerc cca canctcesanacedapeiasenacsvansatenneccdtessescecsaneseeacanescetensenseetasuareaaanvariadastercdanaccatecenaceanes 78 IBA PAROTOMOD GEO ME do sip AEO 79 SE eo PS o o 79 So WVU ILO ME ca 79 16 C 0rdi nate E E 80 16 1 Selecting coordinate system ooooooccnccconccnconoccnnononcnnnnnnnncnnoncnnononcnnnnnnnnnnonnnrnnnnnrnnnnnnnrnrrnnnrnnnnnnas 80 16 2 Coordinate system database cocoooccccccocccnccnoccncononcnnonanonconancnnononcnnnonnnrnnonnnrnnnnnnrnnronannronnnrnnnnnnas 80 16 3 Types of Coordinate system 81 16 4 Coordinate syst
76. hen select the level of compression using Image quality slider The value of compression is 75 by default as a rule it allows to compress the image 5 7 times more The color of output image is adjusted using the options Interpolate color image Correct colors use spectrum Correct colors use area described in the chapter 13 1 Color balancing of output image When all parameters are set up push the OK button to start the process of pan sharpened image creation At that the accompanying georeference file will be saved to the same folder in format selected in the Georeference file drop down list see the chapter 15 Georeference file After completing the process the output image window is opened Color balancing of output image Prior to color balancing parameters adjustment you should keep in mind that the closer the colors of output image to colors of the initial raster the more loss of output image details The following options of Pan sharpening parameters window are used for color balancing of output image 2009 70 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 Pan sharpening ES High resolution image grayscale D Vaeomosac Projecthpan Br tf Gi Low resolution image color D Vaeomosac Project pan AGe tif gt Pan harpened image O Geomozaic Projecthpartpan_s harpened_ile tif Pan sharpening method Brovey e Use fragment Select fragment e Build pyramid Mosaic comprezzlo e TIFF JPEG compression Image qual
77. here EPSG E Gap zone es TIE TET to T TEN me egene EPSG UTM zone ON 132deg West to 126deg West northern hemizphere EPSG es oil 4 OF Details Hew Edit Remove Esport Import Cancel Fig 68 Map projection selection 83 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 Push OK PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic module includes parameters of predefined geoid EGM 96 Earth Gravity Model 1996 you may need to recalculate height system of your GeoMosaic project Mark this option in the Height system panel to use this geoid to set heights in coordinate system There is also an opportunity to set up heights using user defined geoid You can also set map projection parameters manually In this case push the New button in the Select map projection window Select the following parameters in Edit map projection window Push the J button in Projection type field and select UTM 6 degree zones in the list appeared Click hemisphere field and select N Northern in drop down list Click zone field and select 8 in drop down list GER Name UTM zone 8 N Description 138 dea West to 132 deg West SC Northem hemisphere EPSG Projection type UTM B degree zones El hemizphere Northern Southern H zone g Linear unite al Angular units zi Scale Unite S First asis direction North First aus name IN Second axis direction JE ast Second axi
78. hese images you should select Images background color Set color which opens the Background color window Background color xX Apply To current image Ce To all images Black ent In case a window with one of the source images is open it is possible to set the color for that image only Also it is possible to set the background color for all images in the mosaic project In case the background is concentrated at the edges of images for example due to rotated raster it possible to automatically define it for each of the images In order to do it you should check the Images Background color Automatically option 2009 8 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 If it is necessary to cancel selection of background for one or all images it is necessary to check the Images Background color None option which opens the Background color window Background color x Apply Tio current image Ge To all images x In order to make the specified background color transparent you should use menu command Images Background color Transparent background when building mosaic 6 3 View This menu is intended to setup the image view in active window or in all windows At that there are the following options Hide all un visualize all objects ROIs duplicated by the icon Ed or Alt Z hot keys turns on off regions of interest ROPs all or user defined Cutlines turns on off cutlines on the
79. ies when moving away from the cutlines Excess number of tie points causes the brightness un adjustment along the cutlines Note Changing these parameters is recommended just for experienced users Note Since local adjustment parameters depend on cut lines location then any cutlines change results in recalculation of the parameters when you start mosaic or preview building 2009 44 8 2 3 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 Note It is recommended to exclude each second image in every strip from the mosaic when using local brightness adjustment Obviously it is necessary to have triple overlap greater than 50 percent between images in this case If you get message Interpolation model building error during mosaic creation it means that local brightness adjustment has been done incorrectly and you should change the Contrast coefficient parameter as described above or correct cutlines manually Building strips The set of initial images should be organized into strips for correct local brightness adjustment and automatic building of regions of interest GeoMosaic program includes strips building option which uses analysis of mutual images placement x Minimal overlap 2 E e Minimal angle between asis and diagonals degrees his Maximal angle between ases degrees an Te Maximal differences of axes angles degrees on Te Strip direction priority arbitrar h Show preview Cancel Fig 28 Strip building paramet
80. iew Mosaic ROIs Service Block schem Windows Help ee Do nas a TIFI LLET EELER ao EA Geomosaic_Project Im EA Geomosaic_Project Ima Sp Mosaic Brightness adjustment Split into sheets 18 x Ee systems database ay ternational Reference Systems Database Select E Cell size 3 2 I Grayscale output sog input coordinate system C For all For each image Mosaic compression TIFF JPEG compression Li E Image quality 75 4 Dutput coordinate system A Select 0 Background color Resamling method Georeferenc E Black z Bilinear DI PHOTOMOD G Interpolation cell size 32 3 JV Swap X Y Y Set coordinate system E Af Images coordinate systems IT Use tie points Coordinate system Pulkovo 1942 Gauss Kruger 24N AaRuIARagr amp 0 E BEID el Output raster 1695 x 1524 x 24 7568K x 0 0 0 0 X 2587156 899 Y 6587235 235 Fig 63 Coordinate system selection for the individual image Then in the window Coordinate systems select output coordinate system in the same way by pushing the button Change in Input coordinate system field for referencing the resulting mosaic Once all the above parameters are setup push OK button to start coordinate system transformation Note You can specify path to coordinate system database manually it is stored by default in the following folder C Program files PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic Co
81. ift balance of each color in numeric form 100 to 100 in the Values field Color balance x n u F Red IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIUII Magenta k Green I MI I Velo _ _ H Blue M Live preview Reset Cancel Apply Fig 12 Color balance window The button EN Filters opens a window used for improving of visual quality of initial image using it s processing by different filters Filter type Blur Aperture size 3x3 Filtering level 0 100 K lt ____ e Preview Reset Cancel Apply Fig 13 Window for image filtering Select processing type in the Filter type drop down list from the following items 21 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 e Blur intended for dithering of initial image details e Gaussian blur kind of smoothing filter where transfer value is not a linear function as in Blur function but a section of Gaussian function bell curve e Sharpen allows to highlight and intensify a differences between image s details e Sharpen edges alike a Sharpen filter but performs filtering only when brightness differences between details are exceeding some threshold Suits very well for identifying and highlighting of objects borders which are homogeneous insight fields for instance at that inner part of objects remains unchanged e Median non li
82. image ROI s borders to be merged into resulting mosaic see the chapter 7 2 2 Cutlines creating rules Tie points duplicated by the icon El hides shows tie points on images and on preview and resulting mosaic if ties were created in appropriate window see the chapter 7 2 4 Tie points search and edit Local adjustment in preview or mosaic window turns on off small rectangles marking the places for local brightness adjustment statistics see the chapter 8 2 2 Local brightness adjustment Sheets extents duplicated by the icon E turns on off borders of sheets in preview or mosaic window if output mosaic is divided into map sheets and the appropriate option is marked in Preferences window see the chapter 8 3 Splitting into sheets Vectors turns on off the display of vector objects Show in all windows turns on off all abovementioned objects in all windows source images preview and mosaic 6 4 Regions of Interest This menu is used to create regions of interest ROI see the chapter 7 2 Creating regions of interest ROIs are fragments of each source image to be included to the output mosaic The menu includes the following items ROIs editor duplicated by the 8 icon of the main icon bar opens an additional button bar intended for creating and editing of Regions of interest See the chapter 7 2 3 Creating and editing regions of interest RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow
83. images preliminary converted into TIFF or JPEG format could be processed in PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic see the chapter 7 1 1 Space borne images adding Besides the following formats of scanner images are supported 2009 22 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 SPOT CAP DIMAP and SISA format In PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic system SPOT images of 1A preprocessing level radiometric correction are processed This format is used for all modifications of SPOT satellites from 1 to 5 You need the following 5 files XY arbitrary digits IMAG_XY dat LEAD_XY dat NULL_XY dat TRAIL XY dat VOLD_XY dat TERRA ASTER HDF format ASTER images of 1A preprocessing level with radiometric correction only are processed Geometrical model of sensor as well as initial approximations of the orbit and sensor orientation are restored using additional information coming alone with the images While adding images to the project PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic allows to input file format ASTER HDF It is recommended to choose from the delivery set VNIR 1 or VNIR 2 bands optical range or VNIR3B and VNIR3N close infrared 15m resolution EROS RAW format The product of 1A pre processing level is supported in RAW and TIFF formats either in 8 bit or 16 bit types FORMOSAT 2 DIMAP format The product contains files of the following formats Images tif and metadata dim IRS a 1D IRS P5 P6 images are loaded from the following formats Super Structured format
84. inates of marker on the preview image in project coordinate system are shown in the rightmost field of Status panel You can copy them to clipboard by Ctrl C and paste afterward into chosen application by Ctrl V If you need to setup brightness of one image included to the mosaic select it by click inside the corresponding ROI ROIs are displayed by pushing the Ei icon or using Alt Z hot keys In this case all BCG settings will affect only the selected image Note These settings are memorized and used for output mosaic creation In the preview window the following main menu icons are used t e el opens hides a window for specifying the Images order for including fragments of sources images into output mosaic in the overlapping area see the chapter 8 2 4 Additional recommendations e Ei duplicated by Alt Z hot keys shows hides regions of interest in preview and output mosaic windows e E shows hides sheet borders if output mosaic is divided into map sheets the appropriate option is ON in Splitting into sheets tab of Parameters window see the chapter 10 Splitting mosaic into map sheets Select a rectangular area in the Preview window to include only a corresponding portion of the source block of images into output mosaic Use mouse move along with pressed Shift key to draw a rectangle on the image The polygon can be resized by dragging special marks on its sides or moved by dragging See also the chapter 11 2 Building mosaic
85. ing in the Scale field and also to recalculate its size and resolution see the chapter 8 1 Mosaic Since the initial images of the block have considerable brightness and color differences an additional processing is required to obtain visually continual mosaic Set global and local brightness adjustment parameters on Brightness adjustment tabbed page in Parameters window to perform such processing If the neighbor images of the block differ in brightness and color use the option By average brightness for global adjustment The local adjustment improves the brightness inside each image In most cases it is also recommended to use the option Seams feathering for brightness differences adjustment on merging edges of the images see the chapter 8 2 Brightness adjustment Create regions of interest ROI on the initial images according to the rules described in the chapter 7 2 2 Cutlines creating rules On this stage you can also set the order upper lower of images supposed to be included to the resulting mosaic Build mosaic preview see the chapter 9 Mosaic preview to estimate resulting image quality correct building parameters if necessary If brightness and color differences are not properly adjusted and are visible on preview you have to change local adjustment parameters and global adjustment type You can also change cutlines close to unsatisfactory parts of image to improve the local adjustment All these efforts lead to the re
86. is insignificant as shown on the Fig 53 above and sometimes it is essential enough For instance the output image may acquire gloomy grey tint or vegetation may become bright green too much etc In order to correct color during pan sharpening you may use an additional options When using the option Spectral color correction see Fig 51 the color of each pixel will be changed to make it maximally similar to the color of appropriate pixel of initial color image without visible deterioration of output image sharpness Push the button J to open a window allowing to setup parameters of color correction using spectrum 2009 12 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 Spectral color correction x h Automatic correction Level O eu Method standard h olor balance Red Cancel Fig 54 Color correction using spectrum The window is intended for adjustment of the following parameters When the option Automatic correction is on by default the spectral parameters of initial raster are analyzed and used for pan sharpening see Fig 55 At that the color correction level management using the Level slider becomes available Level Zero percent value leftmost slider position turns off automatic correction using color clears the Automatic correction checkbox hundred percent value rightmost slider position maximal possible correction means that output image get minimal details but colors will be maximally close to in
87. ity o 100 e Interpolate color image e Spectral color correction Neighbor color correction Georeference file PHOTOMOD GEO sl Fig 51 Color balance parameters Cancel The checkbox Interpolate color image is marked by default In this case color bilinear interpolation in frames of one pixel of initial color raster It is recommended to use the option in most cases except those rare ones when the interpolation clearly leads to image sharpness deterioration Fig 52 Pan sharpening result using Brovey method without interpolation of color image left or with interpolation right T1 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 When the interpolation is not used the option is Interpolate color image cleared small squares with pixel size corresponding to initial color raster are clearly visible on output image that is undesirable in most cases For some images it would be enough to apply one of two other methods along with interpolation to obtain an acceptable result A PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic Project Images View ROIs Mosaic Service Block scheme Windows Help ASE ZIEL ee ARES p 135 1 260 5 Es 154122905 004 Y 06 90530 019 Fig 53 Initial color image left and the result of pan sharpening operation by Brovey method with color raster interpolation option Pan sharpening operation leads unavoidably to some distortion of initial colors Sometimes it
88. keys and select appropriate coordinate system in which input GCP s were measured Then load ASCII file with points coordinates use the Load button in Points field or Ctrl Alt L hot keys In the right panel in Reference system field exactly in the same way you may select the resulting coordinate system from Cartesian ones available and recalculate the coordinates use the Calculate button under right Points field or the icon gt Calculate from left to right After that in the right Points field new GCP coordinates appear Save the result use the Save button under right Points field in txt file and use it in further work with PHOTOMOD project Operations of point s coordinates selection and recalculation may be performed both from left to right panel as described above and vice versa from right to left panel In the latter case use the icon Calculate from right to left 10 xX Geodetic calculator File Database Reference system Calculate Tools Help i Reference systems Reference system types em Reference system Geodetic datums Datum shift types Datum shifts Reference ellipsoids 323 reserved for use with Bosnia and Herzegowina Creroon Central African Republic Chad Congo Croatia Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Zaire Gabon Germany Hungary Italy Libya Malta Niger Nigeria Units metre Select Prime meridians Map projections Map
89. ld EPSG GeoglS code 4327 reserved for use with rot Gs Latitude amp longitude units DMSH Height units metre Po Points Mame Lat Long H Mame flat ftom JH OO DOUT 40 3 146525 1 30 55 5 46677 5 17353 20 65634 E 30 626 GPA 890759 3 250772 d 3555 6 42446 5 17353 2228191 E 30 729 6596599 11 2038 3 382033 3 3555 6 56982 5 173 53 25 59927 E 30 859 boe641 4 069095 3 603895 4 35 55 13 20296 5 173 53 32 24464 E 31 076 6506333 02360 3 493406 z 35 55 13 84562 5 17353 33 30420 E 30 365 6596204 380643 3 347460 E 35 55 19 91453 5 17353 41 952576 E 30 813 65968177 769116 2 973429 3955 20 76756 5 17353 43 05163 E 30 439 6506264 463053 3 483218 5 35 55 17 55010 5 17353 39 30752 E 30 951 65386237 905036 3 397446 3 35 55 16 84070 5 173 53 40 47096 E 30 564 6536031 06324 3 303359 10 25 55 25 43693 5 173 53 50 38332 E 30 764 B5e6012 89 90 3 217582 11 35 55 26 04073 5 17353 51 05986 E 30 678 6509720 385991 3 085047 5 35 55 35 14676 5 17354 4 20069 E 30 537 6505496 326470 2 509123 el 35 55 42 52016 5 173 54 13 72671 E 29 954 Load Save Clear Calculate Fig 3 E 87 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 For example you have initial GCP coordinates set in geodetic coordinate system Lat Long H To re calculate them into Cartesian you should do the following Push the Select button in Reference system field of the left panel or Ctrl L hot
90. lection dialog In the window opened input the name and path of output mosaic in SIT file name field In case of new VectOr map creation you get a dialog with the following fields to be filled in x SIT scale Work area name 2000 zealand Resource file name E S TATSvectorsplan2zU00 rec Continue Cancel Fig 48 e SIT scale select the scale of output mosaic 1 2 000 by default e Work area name arbitrary name of output map region up to 31 character e Resource file name name of file with a map symbol library rsc file Several standard classifiers for different map scales are included to PHOTOMOD system stored in PHOTOMOD VectOr folder See also GIS VectOr User Manual Note Since VectOr always works with a left handed coordinate system X to the north Y to the east mosaic coordinates will be swapped accordingly Click the button Continue to start creating mosaic in GIS VectOr format 13 Pan sharpening operation PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic module allows to perform pan sharpening operation which includes merging of color or multispectral image with panchromatic one with higher spatial resolution that leads to creation of color image with high spatial resolution 67 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 Initial images used for this operation should be georeferenced If there is no reference to coordinate system use raster georefere
91. ludes stretching the histogram of the initial image on the whole brightness range Select necessary channel in Channels field and apply the next parameters of histogram stretching to them The Number of nodes parameter specifies the number of intervals of intermediate feature which is used for histogram stretching Parameters Trim left and Trim right show a percent of histogram area to be cut off and not be considered in the operation To view a histogram of the image to be added and to adjust a transfer function used to setup arbitrary brightness transformation open a window by pushing the button A Curves 19 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 ER A Histogram Geh M 24095 y 37272 d 0 1 Channels All e Curvature Pe I I I I I l OK e Preview Reset Cancel Apply Fig 10 Histogram window Graphically the function is visualized as a green curve In X axis there are values of image brightness before transformation and in Y axis after it Transfer function is setup using node points small green squares Between nodes the function line is Bezier curve with curvature degree from 0 leftmost position of the Curvature slider to 100 its rightmost position When curvature degree is 0 the function is shown as a broken line segment To add node point place marker to needed point of a window and press Insert To select node point just click somewhere close to
92. ment in preview window Local brightness parameters the Parameters button are adjusted in appropriate window on two tabs Base contains parameters influencing on brightness insight images and between them and Edges contains parameters influencing on brightness of external mosaic border Local adjustment parameters x Base Edges Fragment size Inner paints 32 A fi A Number of fragments Contrast coefficient Brightness addition in inner point Along strip log A g 0 0 A g o o 35 Between strips lo A g 0 0 A g 0 0 K Fig 26 Base local adjustment parameters On Base tab e Fragment size a size of image fragments of the same name used to create a model of local brightness adjustment The bigger fragment size the better adjustment but the slower processing 43 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 Number of fragments number of fragments of the same name located on each image The greater the number the better adjustment but the slower the process of parameters calculation and mosaic creation Number of inner points sets the number of points inside the image and on the edges of output mosaic where the brightness should be preserved Lack of inner points leads to brightness anomalies when moving away from the cutlines Excess number of inner points causes the brightness un adjustment along the cutlines Contrast coefficient in some
93. nce window see the chapter 7 4 Raster image georeferencing 18 x Raster georeference E Geomosaic_Project pan RGB tif Ga g ajo Ha naa a SS om wm BYOB BI ls Cartesian iot QnQar lca po 51 000 1680 417 25 250 Point 1 0 250 0 918 15991 000 2806 000 7995 583 1402 417 Point 2 0 250 0 916 12743 000 15122 000 6371 583 7560 583 Point 3 0 250 0 917 124 000 12355 000 62 417 6175 583 Point 4 0 250 0 918 Xp 5606 000 Yp 2147 000 ZA Fig 49 Georeferencing of initial color image FGE Than push the button Di on toolbar or select menu command Service Pan sharpening and in dialogue opened select file with images to perform pan sharpening 2009 68 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 x High resolution image grayscale E Pansharp_fortest Kir PantMosaicb 4 tit Low resolution image color E Pansharp_fortest kirru Mosaic AGE tif Pan sharpened image E Pansharp fortest eiryph result tif ee Pan sharpening method Brovey e Use fragment Select fragment e Create MS TIFF Compression e TIFF JPEG compression Image quality O e Interpolate color image e Spectral color correction IT Neighbor color correction Reoreference file PAOTOMOD GEO Fig 50 Pan sharpening parameters Cancel Input path to initial images in two upper fields of the window High resolution image grayscale and Low resolution image color y To select file name and
94. near filter intended mainly for impulse noises filtration single pixels with unnatural brightness e Sobel non linear differential filter which is the first derivative of the initial raster Used for acquisition of contour borders on raster image To apply all changes in image window immediately mark the Preview check box The button si undo cancels the last action A redo redoes the last cancelled action The button cancels all actions performed and undo redo operations list depth is 10 actions Note All operations are applied to the current image state When you get an acceptable correction result in the preview window push the Close button and go back to Adding images dialogue see the chapter 7 1 1 Space borne images adding The procedure is not the only image enhancement adjustment operation other modules of PHOTOMOD system include brightness contrast gamma and color balancing procedures the Mosaic module has advanced possibilities to adjust radiometry as well 7 1 1 2 Scanner imagery formats Note While adding scanner image to the project just select the path to the target folder with imagery and product metadata files obtained from the data supplier PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic system will recognize needed format and the image will be opened automatically LandSat IRS TIFF GeoTIFF HDF SPOT 1B Super Structured HDF ASTER 1B Fast C IKONOS Quick Bird OrbView 3 CARTOSAT 1 IFF GeolIFF RPC Any scanner
95. of icons is used to assign the following properties to the ROI e E region of interest the default mode the ROI is included to the mosaic 5 transparent ROI Portions from other images that are visible through the current one in accordance with the images order defined in the window opened by the Images t order icon KI e Ki background ROI A hole in the output mosaic colored by background color selected in Mosaic Parameters Mosaic window It is convenient to use mouse settings when working with ROI see the chapter 8 4 Preferences For example it is easier to push right or middle mouse button instead of Insert key on the keyboard For editing and creating of ROI you may use marker mouse mode which is turned on by pushing the icon L located on the upper button menu or by F4 key After that the marker on the screen becomes invisible and all mouse moves result in appropriate marker moves without additional clicks of mouse buttons 2009 26 7 2 4 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 For convenient work during ROI s creating you can use context menu commands appeared after right mouse click over the image window which duplicate above mentioned procedures with ROI When editing cutlines you may select group of cutline s vertices by mouse drag along with pressed Shift key and also move the selected group by mouse along with pressed Ctrl key Press Esc key to cancel vertices selection Tie points se
96. ogram changing However it is recommended to perform radiometric correction in the window opened by pushing the Yes button The same Radiometric correction window could be opened by pushing the button Preprocessing in the Product images field in the Images adding window The window title bar contains image name its pixel size width height and number of bites per pixel While the window opens the pyramidal image is building That pyramidal image helps to speed up the raster viewing in 2D window Note Temporal pyramidal image is created in Temp subfolder of PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic configuration folder That is why you should have enough room on hard disk otherwise the pyramid will be not created and image visualization at 2 and more Zoom will be slow Temporal pyramidal image and histogram used for preprocessing of the image to be added could be deleted after closing the Radiometric correction window if the option Remove pyramid and histogram after close is on 17 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 A Radiometric correction po 7015 rgb 0000000 7001 x 2001 x 48 QQ Aih SS do Hal oo Eau i 1017 v 3951 R 68 G 656 B 65 W Remove pyramid and histogram after close Cancel Fig 7 Radiometric correction window In Radiometric correction window you may change the results of automatic conversion manually using tools described below The following tools are used for imag
97. om files at the Split into sheets panel While working in this mode you can not change splitting parameters the Parameters button is inactive since full splitting information is stored in the text file You can also import sheets coordinates by clicking the Import button on Split into sheets tab It allows to import file with map sheets borders to the following formats txt Jet dxf csv or MIF MID At that you can change coordinate system from left to right handed or vice versa by checking the option Swap X Y When importing sheets from MIF MID format you can import sheets names from attribute Input attribute name ID or Orto containing names of map sheets to be imported in the Attribute with sheet names field in window of import parameters 2009 58 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 Sheets import X Input file EMPH resources rrr mit gt Output file E PH_resources rrr bet gt IT Swap Y Attribute with sheet names ID Cancel Fig 41 Import sheets from file A sample of the file with sheet borders coordinates of corners in text format MainSection SheetCount 5 Sheet0 Name Sheet 1 tif X0 535017 208 YO0O 164805 265 X1 535517 248 Y1 164805 265 X2 535517 248 Y2 165305 305 X3 535017 208 Y3 165305 305 Sheet1 Name Sheet_2 tif X0 535517 208 Y0O 164805 265 X1 536017 248 Y1 164805 265 X2 536017 248 Y2 165305 305 X3 535517 208 Y3 165305 305 Sheet2 Name Sheet_3 tif X0 536017 208 Y0
98. on in the Compression panel see below e Windows Bitmap File BMP GIS Panorama raster map RSW raster format of Panorama system see the chapter 12 Export mosaic to PHOTOMOD VectOr MicroStation DGN DGN raster format of MicroStation system PCIDSK PIX raster format with georeference data in its header developed by PCI Geomatics e JPEG2000 JP2 raster format with jpeg compressing and georeference data in its header output image in this format has limited volume up to 500 Mb e GeoTIFF TIFF format containing special tags with georeference e ERDAS IMAGINE IMG raster format of ERDAS system e NITE NITF e JPEG JPEG e PNG PNG O O Options in the Compression panel are used to compress the output mosaic image Check the TIFF JPEG compression box and use the slider Image quality if you want to apply the compression The default value of compression is 75 usually it causes the 5 7 times compression of initial image volume When saving the image to TIFF format you may save also image pyramid into the file e transfer it to MS TIFF format if the checkbox Create MS TIFF is marked Moreover when saving to TIFF you may select output image resolution 8 or 16 in the Data format drop down list It is usually used for transformation of initial 16 bit raster into 8 bit one To save image georeference into separate file select its format in the Georeference file drop down list See the chapter 15 Geor
99. on point of Greenwich meridian and equator and Y axis to the East Latitude longitude geographic latitude longitude height coordinate system Local Cartesian coordinate system on the plane Local curved coordinate system on the sphere Projected coordinate system defined by the map projection Topocentric horizontal coordinate system with the origin in the selected space point At that X axis lies in the plain of origin meridian Z axis lies on ellipsoid surface normal in origin and Y axis is oriented in the following way in left coordinate system it is Eastward and in right Northward Note PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic does not work with Geodetic coordinate systems so if you need to process such data you should convert ground control points coordinates 81 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia 16 4 16 5 July 2009 to selected Projected coordinate system using Geodetic calculator included to the PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic installation kit see the chapter 17 Geodetic calculator Coordinate system editing In very most cases you need just pre defined coordinate systems included to the database Nevertheless PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic provides all necessary tools for editing coordinate system parameters For example you want to change the ellipsoid in UTM coordinate system from NAD 83 to WGS 84 For this purpose you should open coordinate system database select coordinate system for
100. or those pixels where the value of each channel differs from the value in the current pixel not more then for the threshold defined Color intensity thresholds may vary from O to 255 If the threshold value is 255 maximal value averaging will be executed in the whole neighborhood A a er Jo xl l Mosaic En Pansharp_fortest 1 with_corr tf 324 Fig 60 Pan sharpening operation result by Brovey method without color correction left and using neighbor color correction right When using default parameters you will get only insignificant color correction almost unnoticed for eyes On example shown on Fig 60 are used the following settings aperture size 7 grey threshold 25 RGB threshold 70 The option Neighbor color correction is off by default When the thresholds have big values the aureole around objects may appear when using this option and also the color of whole image may worsen 2009 76 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 Note it is recommended to use the Neighbor color correction option very carefully Along with image improvement in some part of image it would result in quality worsening in other parts 14 Coordinate system transformation Coordinate system could be selected both for initial images and for resulting mosaic if necessary The coordinate system transformation is started on Mosaic tab in Preferences window see the chapter 8 1 Mosaic if the option Set coordinate system is ON Push the button E
101. ordSys 15 Georeference file When the mosaic file is created the georeference file is saved to the same folder This file is used for referencing the mosaic to the coordinate system and has formats described in the chapter 15 1 PHOTOMOD Geo file 15 2 ArcWorld file and 15 3 Maplnfo file The georeference file format is selected on the tab Mosaic Parameters Mosaic see the chapter 8 1 Mosaic Note In case of mosaic export to GeoTIFF VectOr MicroStation ERDAS Imagine the georeference information is stored directly in the file and the separate georeference file is not created 2009 78 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 15 1 PHOTOMOD Geo file PHOTOMOD georeference file has geo extension and contains pixel and ground coordinates of 4 mosaic cells as well as cell size by X and Y axes in given units Example of geo file Mosaic created by PHOTOMOD 10 01 07 Units m Linscale 8 600 Colscale 8 600 0 5 0 5 8271360 000 East 1857514 200 North 0 5 2446 5 8271360 000 East 1836470 000 North 2612 5 0 5 8293831 800 East 1857514 200 North 2612 5 2446 5 8293831 800 East 1836470 000 North Coordinate system UTM North 15 2 Arc World file Georeference file used by Arc INFO tfw extension at export to TIFF format Example of tfw file 1 000000 0 000000 0 000000 1 000000 551286 128054 200588 824470 After mosaic export to other formats georeference files of text format likewise tfw file are
102. orrection are completed push OK to open the Saving parameters window Then select images saving format in the File format field and target folder in the Folder field Refer to the chapter 11 1 Building and viewing mosaic for the details about images formats used in PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic Saving parameters x File format Tag Image File Format TIFF Folder D Geomozaic Project gt e Create MS TIFF Compression e TIFF JPEG compression Image quality Georeference file PHOTOMOD GED coca Fig 6 Scanner images adding Create MS TIFF option is used to build pyramid image of output mosaic inside TIFF or GeoTIFF file created that allows to speed up the image zooming Options in the Compression panel are used to reduce the output mosaic image Check the TIFF JPEG compression box and use the Image quality slider to apply the compression The default value of compression quality is 75 Georeference file drop down menu allows to select the format of the additional file created along with output mosaic in TIFF format and containing the information for mosaic referencing to coordinate system The georeference of space images is acquired from metadata delivered from product supplier It is saved along with added scanner image in PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic format At that georeference contains coordinates of the image corners latitude and longitude in degrees in WGS 84 coordinate system When saving an output mosaic of space
103. ouse h Create pyramid levels Folde Source images folder Ce Select folder Fig 33 Preferences of multiscale images creation If you create the mosaic using images of big enough volume you are recommended to check the option of multiscale images creation Create pyramid levels to speed up their loading into mosaic project After that specify target folder and path to save multiscale images with PYR extension and select compression mode and quality Use the command Service Delete multiscale images to delete multiscale images from the project The Mouse tab is used to assign operations for mouse buttons such as duplicating of Insert Enter S and other keys These settings allow to simplify cutlines creation 9 Mosaic preview Once all necessary parameters are set select menu command Mosaic Preview or push the icon al to see a mosaic preview In this case mosaic is built in fast mode with low accuracy lt is convenient to use a preview mode for example to estimate the results of mosaic color adjustment 2009 50 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic Project1 Preview 2 1 e Images View Project Mosaic ROIs Service Blockscheme Windows Help f a x DI al ielalel cla gla allaa gt e ela al eel es ole ale F 4 P 4 gt 6 sheets x 938 x 625 x 24 10305K E Y 325 8 4 2509261 833 Y 6585514 117 Fig 34 Mosaic preview window At the lower left part of Preview wind
104. ouse zooming out by zoom box e Alt mouse panning the image e Mouse wheel mouse wheel steering allows to zoom in zoom out image on the screen Following sliders CG o A located at the bottom of the window are used to set up brightness contrast and gamma respectively for the active image 2009 62 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 When working with color images there is a possibility to adjust these radiometric parameters separately by channels using the buttons gde Right click any slider and select the option Set original BCG correction to restore BCG settings by default Note These settings are temporary and do not affect the mosaic file Show the regions of interest on the output mosaic by pushing the icon EX or Alt Z hot keys that allows also using export import operations for ROPs Note Current coordinates of marker on the preview image in project coordinate system are shown in the rightmost field of Status panel You can copy them to clipboard by Ctrl C and paste afterward into chosen application by Ctrl V 11 2 Building mosaic for the block fragment You can select a rectangular area in the Preview window see the chapter 9 Mosaic preview to create mosaic only for corresponding portion of the source block of images Use Shift left mouse button to draw a rectangle on the image You can resize the polygon by dragging special marks on its sides or move it by the mouse To input coordinates of the fragment corners
105. ow there are standard icons for displaying raster image one step zooming out duplicated by key one step zooming out duplicated by key for all images opened e 1 1 1 mode image cell corresponds to the screen pixel duplicated by Alt 1 shortcut uk e one step zooming in duplicated by key uk e one step zooming in duplicated by key for all images opened gl fitting the whole image into the window duplicated by Alt Enter shortcut e fitting the whole image into the window for all images opened in block scheme duplicated by Alt Shift Enter shortcut You can also use following key combinations to zoom arbitrary image fragment or move it e Ctrl Alt mouse zooming in by zoom box drawn by mouse e Ctrl Alt Shift mouse zooming out by zoom box e Alt mouse panning the image e Mouse wheel mouse wheel steering allows to zoom in zoom out image on the screen Following sliders ea o y located at the bottom of the window are used to set up brightness contrast and gamma respectively for the active image 51 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 When working with color images there is a possibility to adjust these radiometric parameters separately by channels using the buttons gde Right click any slider and select the option Set original BCG correction to restore BCG settings by default Note Current coord
106. pace requirement is about 50 MB You should also consider the following e prior to PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic installation on the computer where PHOTOMOD system has been installed close all PHOTOMOD applications including PHOTOMOD System Monitor e you should be registered as Administrator if working in Windows NT or Windows 2000 e the hard lock key drivers are installed automatically along with the PHOTOMOD system In case of any errors with the system protection try to install key drivers manually by running of HASPUsersetup exe from HASP folder in distribution kit Installation complete PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic has been successfully installed and configured for operation on your computer Click Finish to exit the installation program n On exit Installation stages Y Prepare to install Je Start PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic y Copy files e z Ca ula Installation help PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic installation has completed successfully IF you wish to start working with PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic immediately after the installation program exits leave checked the option Start PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic and click Finish RACURS RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13A of 15 Moscow Russia 129366 Tel 7 495 720 5127 Fax 7 495 720 5128 E mail info racurs ru Internet www racurs ru Fig 1 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic system installation 2009 4 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 All setup stages are indicating in left deep blue small window with bri
107. peration In the dialogue Opened you can input a resize value and its units pixels or percent and select resampling method from drop down list AAA A aramebters Ce Pixels Percents Width 2001 tz bo A Height 2001 A bo A e Preserve aspect ratio Resamiling method Bilinear Fig 8 Resize settings Use the Preserve aspect ratio check box to preserve initial proportions during image size change 3 Raster expansion in the window opened by menu command Processing Raster expansion the operation is used to add a background of selected size in pixels to each side of the image Background color is selected from appropriate drop down list x Top lo A Left lo Ki Right lo Ki Bottom lo K Color Black el ce Fig 9 Raster expansion settings 93 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 4 Edges trimming in the window opened by menu command Processing Trim edges the operation is used to eliminate pre set part of an image in pixels from each edge of raster x Top fio 5 Left f Gil Right lo A Bottom 118 eng Fig 80 Edges trimming settings 19 3 3 Batch processing In some cases it is suitable to apply transformations to a batch of images Select menu command Processing Batch processing to make settings of images batch processing that allows to open the following window DIE Deh ee E ef
108. port Import Cancel Fig 66 Coordinate system type selection push OK fill out the following fields of Edit projected reference system window Name arbitrary name for example UTM 8N zone 2009 82 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 Abbreviation arbitrary short name Description arbitrary description Datum select datum World Geodetic System 1984 WGS 84 ellipsoid will be displayed in Ellipsoid field automatically Prime meridian select Greenwich from the list Linear units select Meters from the list Axis names set names for axis as E N H BER Mame Was 84 UTM zone 8 Abbreviation Description new reference system Datum world Geodetic System 1984 E Ellipsoid 7 was ad E Prime meridian Cn Ei Map projection UTM an EN Linear units meter E First plane asis name E E Second plane aus name No Height axis name HO Height System Heights above ellipsoid Ce Predefined geoid EGMOE C User defined geoid Fig 67 Coordinate system parameters Push the l button in Map projection field and select UTM zone 8N in Select map projection window 15 x Select map projection Search UTM zoneg d Al D _ Name UTM zone 65 150deg West to 144deg West southern hemisphere EPSG El UTM zone ON 144deg West to 138deg West northern hemizphere EPSG UTM zone E Ges M to ee S southern ER Ze UTM zone 8N 138deg west to 132deg West northern hemisp
109. previous and next images of this list see the chapter 6 2 Images If the project does not contain any images you must add them using menu command Project Add images duplicated by pushing the button The list of images formats processed in PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic see in the chapter 5 Recommended procedure of mosaic building If you need to add space borne images to the project use menu command Project Add satellite images duplicated by pushing the button oF see the chapter 7 1 1 Space borne images adding Space borne images adding Scanner images acquired by different sensors have different formats and are delivered as a file set which include both images themselves and files with supplementary information used for their processing Such sets of files obtained from a remote sensing data supplier and relevant to the images are called product For more details on scanner imagery formats processing in PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic system see the chapter 7 1 1 2 Scanner imagery formats Thus imagery folder provided by data supplier contains metadata files of different formats associated with the images Use menu command Project Add images duplicated by pushing the button B to add images acquired by space sensors The command opens a dialogue of initial images selection consisting of two tabs Fig 5 First of all you should select source image folder containing image product files set on the first tab Select folder Then open
110. projection types Linear units Points a Angular ans T In E un AE 22 50276E 52687 MN 482905 303 5946855 176 55 839 D2 222 1534957 PEN 144611 56687E 51 418 02 222 3 484965413 564924 O87 54 579 03 22304 S53493308755N 145013638286 50 738 03 22304 489289 035 5964161 908 53 898 04 22324 534713 739315N 144451 30023E 49 691 D4 22324 483381 547 5959872443 52 049 OF 22334 15347 2496779N 1447 30 11924E 55 728 05 22334 486287 623 5960207135 58 886 O6 2234a 53455270310N 14503490087 E 57 176 D6_2234a 489662 759 5957350 145 60 333 07 2235 534910 65635N 144536 93975E 47 448 07 2235b 484227520 5963483 017 50 608 Of 22364 15347 55 90801N 14524901242E 53 351 Of 2236a 492124 546 5961149 966 56 510 09 22374 53451949630N 1447 25 28657E 61 181 09 2297a 486187 754 5956331 008 64 336 10 22384 5342243225N 14515 95637E 59 486 10 2739 490214 735 5950232579 62 640 11 2239 534049 56950N 144846 36171E 54 968 11 2230 487650 695 5947996 858 58 121 12 22424 15342 49 25205N 144626 49520E 60 485 12 22424 485096 083 5951696 070 63 640 13 22434 1534429 98232N 14493999946 64 379 13 22434 426881 299 5954800 661 67 535 14 2244a 53408 54872N 144423 70523E 49639 _ 14 2244a 482827 008 5946734 299 5279 S Clear Calculate Cu Program Files PHOTOMOD elCoordSys International E Fig 74 Besides PHOTOMOD GeoCalculator allows to view select edit and also export import coordinate systems databases using main menu item Database Fig 74 See also th
111. put image colors Correction level change allows to pass gradually from one of these limits to another It is recommended to reduce the level when you need to increase a level of details at that output image often becomes somehow grayish or to raise the level if you need to enhance color rendering Method Is used both with automatic correction and without it When using the Equalization method the color which is linear combination of color pixel on input color raster and corrected color is assigned to each pixel It allows to approximate resulting image color to initial one along with smoothing of black and white image contrast At that some blurriness of resulting image details may occur Clear hue brightness correction parameters used both with automatic correction and without it The example of these controls use is brightness decreasing of vegetation green color see Fig 56 57 Each of three sliders influences on color correction in the area where the value of an appropriate channel prevails l e the red slider adjusting results in visualization of red areas on pan sharpened image the blue slider for blue areas the green one for green Generally it leads to change of color value of selected channel but it could not be considered as usual monotonous brightness change When the parameter value is less than 0 5 the appropriate brightness it will be decreased if it is more than 0 5 it will be increased If brightness of some
112. quired brightness quality If you would like to split the resulting mosaic into sheets check the option Regular splitting on Split into sheets tab and set sheets boundaries south and west and size in Splitting parameters window opened by pushing the Parameters button on the same tab see the chapter 10 Splitting mosaic into map sheets After pushing the Apply button sheets number is calculated automatically You can correct this number if needed and close Splitting parameters window and also Parameters window by OK button After that start mosaic creation with preset parameters See the chapter 11 Building mosaic 2009 6 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 6 Main program menu After starting PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic opens a window Fig 2 with a main menu in its upper part d PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic Project1 8 xj Project Images View ROIs Mosaic Service Blockscheme Windows Help D SE JEDI KIESCH HEET MELEN CEFL PO 39 sheets x 250 x 219 x 24 6256K el D Y 0 0 X 6587235 235 Y 2587156 899 ARARA er E Fig 2 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic user interface The main PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic menu consists of the following items 6 1 Project This menu is used to work with Mosaic project which stores all settings such as brightness contrast and gamma of images regions of interest and parameter values Project menu consists of the following options e New allows to restore all preview and mosaic building
113. re the point 27 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic Project1 Service Block scheme Windows Help QQ RD lt a Ae ae KI ARA 2589670 700 2599652 467 2589875 655 2590117 484 2590338 512 2590789 783 2589326 447 2590458 463 6584211 211 6585339 924 6585361 979 6585093 025 6584853 506 6584610 787 6584207 387 6585143 791 6585799 549 668 669 670 669 674 675 669 674 675 668 669 668 663 668 663 668 669 675 676 15 x 669 670 y Output raster 1695 x 1524 x 24 7568K x 0 0 0 0 X 2587156 899 6567235 235 Fig 14 Tie points search results Tie points search on the images is provided using the following options of upper button bar gt delete all points deletes all tie points from images and their measurements from the list zl add point when tie point is indicated on pair of images manually it will be measured and added to the list after pushing this button SS add point with correlation when measuring tie points on overlapped pair of images the point is measured and added to the list if the correlation between two points is acceptable i e suits the value indicated in Min correlation coefficient field in Tie points search parameters window delete point deletes tie point from the list and images a search tie points in automatic mode sta
114. ring by synchronous marker movement if synchronous marker movement is ON see previous option the adjacent image is moved when marker moves on the first image to center the window into marker position The Precision tab of Preferences window is used to setup the parameter Cell size decimal places which allows to input decimal places amount used for mosaic pixel size calculating x General Windows Precision Images Mouse Cell size decimal places 3 Trim backgroun speed TTT Huelt ROl autobuildin Speed TT Duality e Save color adjustment parameters Fig 32 Mosaic precision settings Two sliders located on this tab Trim background and ROls autobuilding allow to adjust speed and quality of two processes removing of background when building mosaic and automatic cutlines creation The option Save color adjustment parameters is used when the project contains a big number of images In this case brightness adjustment parameters selected on the corresponding tabbed page see the chapter 8 2 Brightness adjustment are stored in file of the mosaic project It allows to open a preview image more quickly when open the project for the next time The Images tab in Preferences window allows to create multiscale pyramidal images to speed up loading the images into mosaic project 49 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 x General Windows Precision Images M
115. rl and Shift keys pressed You can also move selected images names using buttons with arrows in this window described above 8 3 Splitting into sheets Process of splitting output mosaic into map sheets is described in details in the chapter 10 Splitting mosaic into map sheets 47 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 8 4 Preferences Preferences window Fig 31 opens using the Sr icon of the main button bar or menu command Service Preferences x General Windows Precision Images Mouse e Autocentering to marker lw Paint raster in separate thread Fill holes between cutlines Trim off images edges o o t Fig 31 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic preferences include the following tabs General Autocentering to marker automatically centers window into marker position on the image after zoom in out Paint raster in separate thread allows to output mosaic in separate thread The visualization thus could be smoother but slower with pre loading of white background that is not convenient for panning It is recommended to use this option for viewing the rasters with large volume or from slow media CD network Fill holes between cutlines if this option is ON then empty areas holes between ROIs created during cutlines drawing are hatched by red color See also the chapter 7 2 3 Creating and editing Regions of Interest Trim off images edges
116. rts tie points search on overlapped images al re measure all re measure coordinates of existing tie point on all images where it is already measured al re measure all with correlation re measure coordinates of existing tie point on all images where it is already measured more precisely using correlation algorithm Its parameters are indicated in Min correlation coefficient field in Tie points search parameters window 4 re measure in active window re measure coordinates of existing tie point just on the active image 2009 28 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 ES center images around point places the window with image or images to put the point selected in the list into the window center t center images around marker opens images windows where you need to measure point and markers in these windows are approximately placed into the point s area il build mosaic fragment around active point creates small fragment of mosaic with size width and height in pixels defined in Mosaic fragment panel in Tie points search parameters window see description below z parameters opens the window for setup parameters of automatic tie point search Tie points search parameters x Fragment size pix ll Search area size pis E Min correlation coefficient 065 Min fragment RMS 0 Min distance between points 1 00 Step along cutlines pis 100 May deviation fram catline pis
117. s see the chapter 19 3 6 Image saving gt start batch processing starts batch processing for selected images See the description of batch processing setup in the chapter 19 3 3 1 Batch processing setup 19 3 3 1 Batch processing setup First of all you should select a folder containing images to be included into batch processing using left panel of the batch processing window 1 ER Deh ee E ef gt Filter i E Kgl New volume Er 034 11623153350 M245 0000001 22420_01_P001 TIF ff ASTER Data E 034U623153350 M245 000000122420_01_PO01 BROWSE JPG H 4 5 Data spot J ES konos E 5 _Landsat El de _OBird_data ef oi eil Deet e E ea Pe al Es OBird_ data QuickBird Standardid MULZ2082515 5245 R201 000 H E Canada ic Auto levels 4 H data Fortest Blur o Median o HG DemocD_42 BHG DemoCD_43 BL dotal aero Camera DLC lectures Save parameters El 5 marginalia_test File type Tagged Image File Format TIFF OH math_type GE None a 5 Pansharp_Fortest Georeference File None 5 Data Format amp bit al 4 5 PH resources q Fig 82 Batch processing setup Content of a folder selected is shown in the list of upper panel 2 Mark the Filter checkbox to show only raster file names in this list that are processed in PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic module see the chapter 19 3 Work in application After selecting of file with image push the button gt Add images or double click the file name to
118. s Bitmap uae NITF NITF JPEG JPEG Portable Network Graphics PNG MicroStation DGN DGN PIX ARAARA amp El ed El J j boos Output raster 1695 x 1524 x 24 7568K X 436 1 Y 126 2 X 2589401 833 Y 6585229 117 Fig 42 Selecting output mosaic format Mosaic image is created in the following output formats selected from drop down list e Tag Image File Format TIFF allows to save output mosaic with or without JPEG compression depending on the option in Mosaic Parameters Mosaic window see the chapter 8 1 Mosaic e Windows Bitmap File BMP e VectOr format see the chapter 12 Export mosaic to PHOTOMOD VectOr GeoTIFF TIFF format containing special tags with georeference This option is not available for local and Cartesian coordinate systems ERDAS IMAGINE IMG raster format of ERDAS system NITF NITF JPEG JPEG PNG PNG DGN DGN raster format of MicroStation system allows to save adaptive color palette for output mosaic e PCIDSK PIX raster format with georeference data in its header developed by PCI Geomatics e JPEG2000 JP2 raster format with jpeg compressing and georeference data in its header output image in this format has limited volume up to 500 Mb After path and file name input push the Save button to start mosaic creation At that georeference file is saved along with mosaic file in the same folder see the chapter 15 Georeference
119. s a window for displaying and editing coordinates of the mosaic corners and also its width and length T e Images order duplicated by the 15 icon of the main icon bar opens a dialog to specify images order in the output mosaic upper lower Used to process images overlapping areas see the chapter 8 2 4 Additional recommendations e Tie points duplicated by the EEJ icon of the main icon bar opens a window for automatic or manual search of tie points in the area of cutlines on adjacent images Used for processing of overlap areas on images see the chapter 7 2 4 Tie points search and edit e Preview duplicated by the g icon of the main icon bar shows mosaic preview with low resolution see the chapter 9 Mosaic preview e Build duplicated by the gt icon of the main icon bar starts mosaicking process see the chapter 11 Building mosaic e Open duplicated by the El icon of the main icon bar or hot keys Ctrl Alt O loads previously created mosaic for viewing see the chapter 11 5 Loading mosaic e Import vectors allows to import linear and point objects from DXF and ASCII formats and visualize them over resulting mosaic You can also import points as a set of X Y Z coordinates by selecting the appropriate option Import vectors option is available if mosaic window is opened e Create marginalia allows creating marginalia for several scales see chapter 11 6 Creating marginalia for mosaic 6 6 Servi
120. s name E Save Close Fig 69 Creating map projection Note Do not input zone number while editing or creating map projection since it is included to Reference system name see Fig 60 61 Another way to select map projection is to use Transverse Mercator projection with full list of parameters In this case you should set the following values in Edit map projection window 2009 84 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 BER Name UTM zone BN Description 138 deg West to 132 deg West Projection type Transverse Mercator El Norther hemisphere EPSG gt Linear units metre al Angular units degree y scale units unity a First axis direction North First axis name IN Second axis director East second axis name E Save Close Fig 0 Creating map projection projection type Transverse Mercator central meridian longitude 135 0 latitude of origin 0 0 central meridian scale factor 0 9996 false easting at origin 500000 0 false northing at origin 0 0 In case of selecting Projection type as UTM 6 degree zones these parameters are set automatically so this sample just shows the system flexibility 17 Geodetic calculator An additional PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic system utility intended for recalculating of ground control points coordinates from one coordinate system into another Geodetic Calculator is running from OS Windows Start menu Start Programs PHOTOMOD
121. s of mosaic corners in West South text fields Sheet sizes are defined in Width and Height text fields in meters on the terrain AS a result number of sheets by X and Y axes are displayed in Number of sheets Horizontally and Number of sheets Vertically text fields You can also set overlapping areas of adjacent sheets in meters Overlap m Horizontally and Overlap m Vertically If the Trim off null edges option is on the size of uppermost and rightmost sheets are changed to cut them off by the mosaic border In this case number of sheets is calculated automatically and can not be edited If this option is off all sheets are of the same size defined by Width and Height parameters and the North and East coordinates are calculated automatically and can not be edited In Sheets base name field you should input root name of mosaic sheets Sheet by default At that full file name of the sheet is formed as follows lt Base name 5 characters gt lt literal number of the sheet along the South North direction A B Z gt _ lt numerical number of the sheet along the West East direction 1 2 3 gt lt file extension according to the selected file type gt See also the chapter 10 3 Sheet file names Push the button Sheet list to open a window with full information corresponding to current state of the block sheets total number of sheets number of selected sheets to be included into mosaic and the information about ea
122. settings into initial ones without module exit that allows to create new Mosaic project e Open duplicated by the El icon of the main icon bar opens a window for selecting file with MOS extension with mosaic project for loading e Save duplicated by the ES icon of the main icon bar saves mosaic project with the Same name and MOS extension e Save as opens a window for selecting file name with MOS extension for mosaic project saving with name different from initial e Add images duplicated by the B icon of the main icon bar opens a window for selecting source images to be included to the mosaic project see the chapter 7 Working with a single image Use standard OS Windows tools Shift and Ctrl keys in this T RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 window for group selection of images to be added The list of images formats processed in PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic module see in the chapter 5 Recommended procedure of mosaic building e Add satellite images duplicated by the oF icon of the main icon bar allows to select the initial space borne images to be added to PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic project See the chapter 7 1 1 Satellite images addin e Remove images duplicated by the B icon of the main icon bar opens a window with list of the current project images to remove selected images from the project Use standard OS Windows tools Shift and Ctrl keys in this window
123. sh the button Gh save reference to save the links into files with tab extension for each image After that close the Block scheme window and in main PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic window add the images into mosaic project Then you can perform usual procedure of preview and mosaic creation 37 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic new Mosaic E Geomosaic_Project evropa Mosaic tif 1 7 E Images View Project Mosaic ROIs Service Blockscheme Windows Help E a x fh al lelalel cla slo alala la all fr ag sii Bll Lie bb i E ET e le zs e e gt 2 f dag d Ae f y a ba at phe a meee Cs D ingen e et ale f moe WC ze H r e GE d t Se Acel b j ae A D Can ae d a at A gt at he FS A le A ei ad SS gt em i APRA IA F w e RK di 2d ex S d H UA o o o e BEES Output raster 4874 x 4979 x 24 71097K k 0 0 Y 0 0 e DE Y 0 000 BESSEREN Fig 22 Image merged using manual links created in Block scheme window Note If sheets of images to be merged have no overlap adjacent sheets of topographic maps for instance you should link them to each other just in one point that can be for instance common node of grid Set of files with manual reference could be saved into Block scheme project file with sch extension by pushing the button a save project or a save project as Push the button GG new one
124. te systems Standard set of Database menu contains the following items 2009 86 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 Database Reference system Reference systems Geodetic datums Reference ellipsoids Prime meridians Linear units Angular units Scale units Advanced set of Database menu contains the following items Database Reference system Ce Reference systems Reference system types Geodetic datums Datum shift types Datum shifts Reference ellipsoids Prime meridians Map projections Map projection types Linear units Angular units i Scale units After pushing OK in Options window the main PHOTOMOD GeoCalculator window opened PHOTOMOD GeoCalculator yy aj File Database Reference system Calculate Tools Help D Reference system Mame GO49 New Zealand Map Grid Description Mew Zealand EPSG Supersedes 2291 60149 North Island Grid and 27292 60 49 South Island Grid Units metre Points co Mm on amp 0 FS llo mi O E Load Save Clear C Program Files PHOTOMOD 43 engiCoordSys International 2590561 335431 25390901 7534594 25390984 1 70895 2991149136365 2991175471739 2091389 40637 2091417 393964 2991324512660 2991359 57 9026 2591599 542657 20d UO 2991942 478809 2942170 640955 na Reference system Name WAS 84 Description Wo
125. ted sheet in preview image and it will be bounded by yellow frame and its file name will be displayed under preview window lts Status parameter can be one of two choices to be created to be skipped The lower string of the window Status shows the number of map sheets and a volume of resulting mosaic in kilobytes Frame of a sheet to be created is green and of a sheet to be skipped red To include exclude selected mosaic sheet from processing change its status use mouse double click in preview window You can select and include exclude a group of map sheets to from output mosaic on preview image by the following ways e When using regular or by images splitting on map sheets see the chapter 10 Splitting mosaic into map sheets you can include exclude sheet s group by frame using mouse along with Shift key pressed For that click sheet in a corner of group its border becomes yellow then click opposite corner of a group along with Shift key pressed If the first sheet selected was excluded from output mosaic the whole group of sheets will be excluded either e When using custom sheets created using the option Sheets from files see the chapter 10 Splitting mosaic into map sheets you can exclude sheets by frame using mouse along with Ctrl Shift pressed e To include custom sheets by frame use mouse along with pressed Ctrl key 57 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia 10 3 10 4 J
126. ter to save new name Esc to cancel changing If you need to change all sheets names push the button kal rename created sheets which opens a window intended for renaming of all mosaic sheets in the following way Sheets renaming X hice_mosaic Base sheets name First sheet number irst sheet Row number From bottom Col number rom left enaming direction Ce Bottom to top C Top to bottom Sheet number step Use skipped sheets coca Fig 38 Mosaic sheets renaming Input new sheet name in the Base sheets name field and its starting number in First sheet number field In the First sheet panel select the position of a sheet which number is start of numeration for the whole sheets block For that indicate a number of row starting from the bottom of mosaic scheme and column from leftmost one on scheme in appropriate fields You may indicate the direction of renaming bottom to top or top to bottom on scheme and also input a step value for sheets numeration increasing in the Sheet number step field For renaming of sheets that are skipped during mosaic creation mark the Use skipped sheets check box they have no numeration by default 55 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 You can select all sheets in the list using the icon E Select all and invert previous selection by the icon Ea Invert selection To search a sheet by its nam
127. the second tab to select and add the images themselves 2009 14 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 The upper part of this tab consists of three windows Products Product files and Product images A Image adding SS iol sl Co Select folder Add images r Products ID ype Format po_7015 IKONOS Standard Geometrica TIFF Product files File name Path po_7015_metadata txt E IKONOSAStereo_Mos po_7015_rgb_0000000 tif EA IKONOSAStereo_Mos po_7015_rgb_0010000 tif EX IKONOSAStereo_Mos w b Number of ime M Product image Image name po_7015_rgb_0000000 2001 po_ 015 rgb_0010000 ree III Parameters oq TJ V Show po_7015_rob_0000000 gt e ee vn OK Close Fig 5 Scanner image selection and adding by the example of IKONOS image In Products window imagery products and their following data are displayed in proper table columns product identifier provided by the data supplier product type its format and number of images composing the product In Type column you can see sensor type and preprocessing level of IKONOS or QuickBird images for any kind of scanner projects Note It is not recommended to change the initial file names product identifier provided by the data supplier shown in Products window since it may cause failure of further work with the image because other files relevant to this product may be
128. ther way would be preferable depending on input images type HSV and Principal components methods allow to obtain similar results on images where there is no evident dominance or lack of some color Brovey algorithm is close to them on images with average brightness but differs on darkened or too bright images It is also hard enough to define preliminary what color balancing parameters to choose Note it is recommended first to perform pan sharpening operation for image fragment to adjust the method and color balancing parameters and then apply them to the whole image and to other similar images You can process some part of an image when the option Use fragment is marked Push the button Select fragment and select the fragment in the opened window For that drag green frame by mouse along with pressed Shift key You can move the frame over the image by mouse along with pressed Ctrl key To resize the frame drag small squares on its sides by the mouse Press Esc to cancel fragment selection If you are satisfied with the fragment selected push OK or press Enter to save selection and close window Push Cancel to close the window without changes For speeding up the scaling of output image mark Create MS TIFF check box that will allow to create pyramid levels in output image of TIFF or GeoTIFF format Check the option TIFF JPEG compression in the Compression panel to reduce the output image JPEG compression will be applied to TIFF files and t
129. to locate windows on the screen and includes the following options Cascade Tile vertically Tile horizontally Minimize all Close closes active window with current image Close all closes all windows 6 9 Help Includes the following items e Contents or F1 key runs Help system for PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic module e About program opens a window with information related to version number serial number date of version compiling etc 7 Working with a single image 7 1 Loading images The initial images are added to the current project using menu command Images Open duplicated by the El icon of the main icon bar or by Ctrl O shortcut which opens a window for images selection 13 RACURS Co Ul Yaroslavskaya 13 A office 15 129366 Moscow Russia July 2009 Open images D Geomosaic Project mages 663 tit CG Project lmages b63 tit IA Geomoasairc Projects mages6 0 tif A Qeomosarc Project Images Er 4 tit bro tif OD Geomosac Project maqes 6 6 tit Fig 4 Images selection This window allows group images selection along with pressed Ctrl and Shift keys as well as images search using its name input to search field after pushing the button E Find Images selected will be opened in the current project after pushing the button w or Enter You can cancel the selection and close the window by pushing the button x or Esc Besides you can use menu commands which open
130. ts of scale 1 2000 623 A a 623 A b 623 A c 623 A d To automate such 2009 12 PHOTOMOD GeoMosaic 4 4 division use button Split into 4 sheets After clicking it you are prompted to select a file to use for saving sheets of larger scale into and then to save a new list Also implemented is operation of merging four sheets for moving to smaller scale button Merge 4 sheets By doing so four neighbouring sheets are merged to one and the title is cut to remove the last nomenclature letter 6 7 Block scheme Ao e Show duplicated by the ER icon of the main icon bar opens a block scheme on the screen see the Fig 2 The number of images to be displayed is defined in Service Preferences Windows panel see the chapter 8 4 Preferences The block scheme is used for adding regions of interest see the chapter 7 2 Creating regions of interest since it is convenient to see the ROI not only on the current image but also on its neighbors e Build strips allows to arrange a set of initial images into strips see the chapter 8 2 3 Building strips e Up Ctrl Alt Up hot keys down Ctrl Alt Down hot keys left Ctrl Alt Left hot keys right Ctrl Alt Right hot keys used to load corresponding adjacent scheme portions The overlap of the current and loading portions of the block scheme is setup in the Service Preferences Windows dialog see the chapter 8 4 Preferences 6 8 Window Window menu is used
131. uly 2009 Sheets renaming is available from contextual menu opened by right click of sheet on preview image Fig 39 Select command Change sheet name to rename only selected sheet Rename created sheets command is intended for renaming of all names of mosaic sheets using opened window described in the chapter 10 1 Splitting parameters Note Block must contain at least one sheet When the number of sheets Is one its status is always To be created and it cannot be excluded from processing You can create frames and marginalia for mosaic sheets in styles and symbols used in Russian State Land Use Survey in 1 2 000 1 5 000 1 10 000 and 1 25 000 map scales for MicroStation and MapInfo systems see the chapter 11 6 Creating marginalia for mosaic Sheet file names Push the File names button in the Mosaic window opened by the command Mosaic Parameters Split into sheets to open Sheets file window xl Sheets file type Tag Image File Format TIFF Fath to sheets file D PH resources co aroa Fig 40 In this window you can edit the file type its format and the path to sheet files where the sheets are stored after mosaic creation Files of map sheets have the same format as the mosaic which is not divided into sheets see the chapter 11 1 Building and viewing mosaic Loading sheet coordinates from the text file To load coordinates of sheet borders from a text file select the option Sheets extents fr

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