Documents_files/RXBX CASS-E proposal
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1. How will you organise distribute work within your team Please note that you are responsible for all aspects of your experiment science mechanical amp electrical engineering software etc Personnel roles Team Leader Electronic and Systems Engineer ESA contact point Clara Juanes Vallejo Bioassay and PP amp CC Specialist Catherine Rix Biological Engineer Carla Rato Electronic Engineer Satinder Shergill Process Engineer and Outreach Officer Lolan Naicker Mechanical Engineer Vinay Grama Prof David Cullen Cranfield Health Cranfield University Lead Supervisor bioscience facilities and support Dr Peter Roberts Space Research Centre School of Engineering Cranfield University workshop facilities and mechanical engineering support Mr Winston Waller Electronics Department Kent University electronic engineering support Dr Judith Pillinger Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute Open University PP amp CC support and environmental test facilities Prof Mark Sims Space Research Centre University of Leicester environmental tests facilities systems design support Biosciences laboratories Cranfield Health Cranfield University for assessment of contamination via ATP bioluminescence and fluorescence microscopy Class 10 cleanrooms School of Engineering Cranfield University for clean aseptic assembly Sterilisation facilities an oven and suitable gas supply currently available2. REXUS BEXUS 2009 2010 C esa Experiment Proposal Form Full experiment title Cranfield Astrobiological Stratospheric Sampling Experiment CASS E _ REXUS mM spinning with 4 Hz DA BEXUS despun with Yo Yo to about 0 08 Hz science amp Organisation What is the scientific and or technical objective of your experiment This description should outline the scientific technical question addressed the assumptions made and the research methods chosen to solve the question Expected results should be stated Broad scientific aims e To expand understanding of the nature and limits of life in Earth s Stratosphere To improve the understanding of Planetary Protection and Contamination Control PP amp CC implementation in life detection experiments for stratospheric and broader astrobiology missions Broad technical aims e To design build and fly an experiment that is capable of collecting microorganisms in the Earth s Stratosphere e To ensure that microorganisms collected are truly stratospheric rather than contamination introduced during payload assembly integration ground handling launch flight and recovery CASSe2E specific experimental objectives e To design assemble integrate ground handle launch fly recover and assess an experiment that is capable of demonstrating appropriate PP amp CC protocols relevant to the collection of microorganisms in the Earth s Stratosphere e To impleme
3. Safety Issues Does the experiment use wireless devices Does the experiment create a magnetic or electrical field Could there be an electrostatic discharge from your experiment Is the experiment sensitive to light Is the experiment sensitive to vibrations Does the experiment generate vibrations Will you use any flammable explosive radioactive corrosive magnetic or organic products Will you use a laser Is your experiment airtight Are parts of your experiment airtight BEXUS EXPERIMENT PROPOSAL FORM 2009 2010 Describe your event timeline e Launch Float Phase micro video camera is switched on monitoring of environmental conditions through telemetry data and temperature is maintained within component specified values via the foil heaters Float Phase bio barrier opens this is recorded by the micro video camera valves open and pumps turns on Manual override from ground if these events do not happen Monitoring of environmental conditions and maintenance of temperature Descent phase pumps turn off valves close monitoring of environmental conditions e g Wi Fi WLAN Bluetooth infrared airport data transmitters Describe the type of devices and frequencies used No Solenoid valves are expected to be used and may produce electromagnetic interference to other sensitive experiments No The fluorescent beads used are not expected to be affected by photobleaching at the light
4. be purchased as required Materials o Standard aluminium sections will be used for the structures they will be acquired as per the finalised design Bio barrier material medical grade Tyvek TBC will be purchased or donated by suppliers as necessary o Tubing and cabling to be acquired as required Reagents o ATP bioluminescence reagents will be purchased as necessary o Fluorescent microbeads up to 4 different colours will be purchased as necessary Equipment o For sterilisation via dry heat microbial reduction suitable oven and gas supplies as well as cleanroom facilities to house them are already available within Cranfield University For contamination monitoring equipment for ATP bioluminescence measurements and fluorescence microscopy are already available within Cranfield Health Cranfield University Electronic and mechanical equipment available within the facilities mentioned above A limited budget of approximately 5000 will be provided by Cranfield Health to cover the costs of COTS components assay reagents and materials Initial outline costing suggests this budget will be adequate with a contingency included Where possible component suppliers will be asked to donate components in exchange for PR opportunities All the facilities mentioned previously will be made available free of charge How are you planning to present your experiment to the public e g newspaper local radio webpage prese
5. OOO amourcomentofimarsetcion P 11 TE TL EET a III PR 8 SW Development Phase HW amp SW Development Phase FTT Final Gheck up Prass _ Submission ofrepors i tt Appendix 3 CASS E Team Left to right top Prof David Cullen Vinay Grama Lolan Naicker and Satinder Shergill Left to right bottom Carla Rato Clara Juanes Vallejo and Catherine Rix Page 13 of 13
6. Shipping e For the Launch Float Float and Descent Phase o The bio barrier will open once BEXUS reaches a suitable height and the pumps will draw air through the filters in order to collect particles o Before descent the valves will close sealing the filters from the outside to prevent contamination o Fora detailed timeline please see the Electrics and Electronics section e Post recovery o Shipping experiment to Cranfield University o Measurement of contamination levels on experiment hardware o Clean experiment hardware o Move experiment hardware into cleanroom environment Page 4 of 13 What do you plan to do with your data after the flight Organisation of your project Are you supported by an Institute or a professor Do you have access to a workshop or a laboratory BEXUS EXPERIMENT PROPOSAL FORM 2009 2010 o Clean experiment hardware o Measurement of contamination levels on experiment hardware o Disassembly of experimental hardware to remove filters o Clean fluorescence microscope and move into cleanroom and then re clean within cleanroom o Counting of fluorescent beads on filter using fluorescence microscope o Fix and stain filter for visualisation of microorganisms o Counting of microorganisms on filter using fluorescent microscope The team expect to present their data at relevant conferences and to submit peer reviewed publications to appropriate international technical journals
7. alves bio barrier opening mechanisms and the internal mechanisms within the vacuum pumps During ground handling prior to launch no access other than to power up the experiment will be required We wish to minimise the biological contamination of our experiment due to human access to other experiments within the gondola If you know that you need for example a pressurized nitrogen bottle for your experiment before launch please mention it here All pressurized bottles will be handled by EuroLaunch personnel No Page 10 of 13 BEXUS EXPERIMENT PROPOSAL FORM 2009 2010 Appendix 1 SolidWorks Images First Layer ELECTRONICS BOX y e ULTRA CLEAN a PRESSURE me em SENSOR BIO BARRIER CASS E Second Layer ELECTRONICS 320 PUMP 1 amp 2 I ih TEMPERATURE SENSOR A n 350 BATTERY PRESSURE SENSOR CASS E Page 11 of 13 BEXUS EXPERIMENT PROPOSAL FORM 2009 2010 Inner Layer BARRIER ay FILTER Ar SS La me E E SS I ij fp g sl 7 gt A SENSOR my a OUTLET b N Ra VALVE Outline dimensions 320 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS all dimensions in mm CASS E Page 12 of 13 BEXUS EXPERIMENT PROPOSAL FORM 2009 2010 Appendix 2 Gantt Chart Years 2009 2010 2011 CC Monts npelilelslelslel rleo onhe 1 A SL SS el Seecton Worshop OLA W O
8. ations general environmental parameters within the experiment will also be measured and recorded altitude using pressure temperature flow rates voltage and current ATP levels will be measured using a COTS ATP bioluminescence kit Fluorescent beads will be detected using a fluorescence microscope Both sets of measurements will be performed only at Cranfield University pre and post flight COTS sensors will be used within the experiment to record the environmental parameters mentioned above e Pre Launch Activities o Design assembly thermal vibration and vacuum testing of the experiment hardware o Experiment hardware functionality test o Measurement of contamination levels on experiment hardware o Clean experiment hardware o Move experiment hardware into cleanroom environment o Measurement of contamination levels on experiment hardware o Cleaning of the experiment hardware within cleanroom facilities at Cranfield University o Measurement of contamination levels after cleaning of experiment hardware o Spraying of fluorescent beads colour1 as a proxy of contamination within the UCZ Ultra Clean Zone o Sealing of bio barrier o Spraying of fluorescent beads colour2 as a proxy of contamination outside the UCZ o Sterilisation via dry heat microbial reduction including the use of witness plates to enable verification of sterilisation o Experiment is packaged for shipping via appropriate means TBD o
9. d reverse contamination issues The concept of Planetary Protection and Contamination Control PP amp CC has evolved to help address these concerns The primary objective of CASS2E will be to demonstrate approaches to implement PP amp CC strategies to reduce the levels of contamination within a stratospheric balloon experiment designed to collect microorganisms from the Stratosphere to a level that will satisfy the scientific community of the validity of any claims of collecting stratospheric organisms The approach to implement PP amp CC strategies will be to use protocols already established within the planetary exploration community This will include sterilisation by dry heat microbial reduction DHMR and maintenance of cleanliness post sterilisation using bio barriers The bio barrier design will be based upon the approach taken for the recent NASA Phoenix lander a simple spring loaded burn wire Tyvek design Note that the DHMR step will require approriate specification and confimation of compatibility of components with DHMR 125 C for many hours but will only involve the components contained within the Ultra Clean Zone pumps filter holders tubing and sensors as well as the bio barrier Batteries and electronics external to the bio barrier will not be subject to DHMR We will assess bio burden via standard swabbing techniques but due to resourcing issues will not use standard culture based methods Instead we will use the less resou
10. levels found in the Stratosphere This will be confirmed during experiment development e g Vacuum pump rotating devices etc Yes two vacuum pumps will switch on when the balloon reaches the Stratosphere Specify any products you will use with any of these characteristics No although depending upon the battery technology chosen there may be some associated risk The instrument will not contain any organics that pose a risk to other experiments or personnel Which class Is the lather path securely contained No Yields to a pressurized experiment 1 bar when the vehicle reaches higher altitude with lower pressure values This question should remind you that there will be a very low ambient pressure environment for your experiment No Page 9 of 13 Are there any hot parts gt 60 C Are there any moving parts Are the moving parts reachable Do you need any pressure systems from Eurolaunch before launch BEXUS EXPERIMENT PROPOSAL FORM 2009 2010 Mention any parts besides electronics that heat up Both the pumps and the foil heaters are expected to heat up above ambient temperature but are not expected to heat above 60 C Good design and testing will minimise the risk of heating above 60 C This is important for the preparation before launch Access to the experiment will be discussed with EuroLaunch e g a tappet is used for a moving part Moving parts within the experiment are the solenoid v
11. nt appropriate PP amp CC protocols for a stratospheric balloon experiment compatible with the collection of microorganisms in or from the Earth s Stratosphere e To evaluate the performance of the PP amp CC protocols used in the stratospheric balloon experiment Assumptions e There is microbial life in the Earth s Stratosphere e Concentrations of microbial life in Earth s Stratosphere are extremely low e Any realistic experiment to sample microbial life from the Earth s Stratosphere will capture numbers of stratospheric microorganisms that Page 1 of 13 BEXUS EXPERIMENT PROPOSAL FORM 2009 2010 are minute compared to likely levels of microbial contamination from the Troposphere i e contamination during assembly integration testing and other ground handling of a sampling experiment hardvvare Research methods e Using previous designs of other sampling experiments as a basis instrumentation will be designed with PP amp CC requirements implemented The instrument will be designed with the appropriate materials and design features to facilitate efficient decontamination and maintenance of cleanliness during assembly testing and integration In addition to this appropriate measures will be implemented to protect this clean environment during flight landing and recovery i e bio barrier Microbiological techniques will be used to monitor levels of contamination and to validate cleaning and sterilisation procedure
12. ntation at the university etc The execution of an outreach programme is mandatory e Press releases press releases will be prepared for the local national and international media before during and after the flight with support from Cranfield University s Press Office This will also include liaising with the local media from the home countries of the team members Page 6 of 13 BEXUS EXPERIMENT PROPOSAL FORM 2009 2010 e Website a website of the project is already available at http sites google com site cranfieldbexus2010 home It includes a description of the team the project and its milestones relevant documents photos and a blog that is regularly updated Presentations seminars will be given within Cranfield Health and the School of Engineering as well as the local schools and community groups Involvement from children competitions are intended to be run with local schools for the design of the team s logo and mascot Experimental Set up amp Technical Information Describe your experimental Describe and outline the preliminary set up of your experiment Attach relevant set up documents such as CAD drawings to this form Contaminated Non sterile Area Temp sensors Pressure sensor o Sor X 2 Estimate the dimensions and the mass of your Apen Vacuum pump IC TS ET TS Valves 4a 20 Frameandcoves 1 6o Ultracleanzonebox 1 06 Total with 20 margin 176 These mass estima
13. quires and emphasises the importance and need for PP amp CC This has included two members of the team attending the ESA Level 0 and Level 1 Planetary Protection course C Juanes Vallejo and C Rix Subset of team members C Juanes Vallejo have been centrally involved in the design build and flight of a low cost stratospheric balloon experiment with school children and University of Cambridge undergraduates see our team website link under the outreach section to sample particulates from the Stratosphere Literature survey of previous experiments to collect microorganisms from the Stratosphere have either directly raised the issues of contamination or more significantly have not implemented appropriate procedures to minimise the risk of contamination Page 2 of 13 Describe your experiment BEXUS EXPERIMENT PROPOSAL FORM 2009 2010 This part should link the scientific objective to the experiment itself To meet the technical objectives of CASS E the approach will be to filter a volume of stratospheric atmosphere through a 0 2um filter with the primary intention of only capturing particulates that are derived from contamination on the instrument and the stratospheric balloon platform Due to the flow rates achievable with pumps compatible with the size and mass requirements of the BEXUS platform it is statistically difficult for any stratospheric microorganisms to be collected and therefore as indicated previously this is not
14. rce intensive but less well established ATP bioluminescence method Additionally to better understand contamination pathways the intention is to use 1um diameter fluorescent beads as easily detectible proxies of microorganisms To differentiate between paths of contamination different coloured beads will be used to deliberately contaminate regions of the experiment The post flight detection of fluorescent beads on the filter will allow us to estimate contamination levels and identify their source The beads will be added after cleaning but before sterilisation and are expected not to be affected by DHMR TBC In order to build redundancy into the system as well as offer the potential of two semi independent measurements it is proposed to fly a two channel system comprising two pumps and filter units As previously stated due to the flow rates that can be generated with pumps compatible with the size and mass requirements of the BEXUS platform it is Page 3 of 13 VVhich data do you vvant to measure How do you want to take measurements Describe the process flow of your experiment BEXUS EXPERIMENT PROPOSAL FORM 2009 2010 The filters post flight will still be assessed for levels of collected microorganisms by fluorescent staining as this will be used to directly assess the success of the PP amp CC protocols Pre and post flight including throughout the AIV phase levels of ATP and fluorescent beads During flight oper
15. s throughout the whole development process of the instrument Two approaches to validate the bio barriers valve in inlet port and physical barrier standard wiping dry heat etc and standard assessment protocols swabbing ATP And a new approach to deliberately contaminate the instrument with fluorescent beads roughly the size of microbes which if they appear on the filter will show that there is a contamination path Expected Results Deliverables e Delivery of a complete experiment to ESA e Production of a PP amp CC protocol for a stratospheric balloon mission e Establishment of a strategy for the assessment of contamination Educational Objectives e To train and give experience of PP amp CC requirements to early career Space scientists and engineers Why do you need a It is a resource efficient approach of getting experiments into the balloon Stratosphere It has the ability to remain in the Stratosphere for several hours which is sufficient for the filtration of an appropriate volume of air for the collection of microorganisms e There is sufficient heritage to de risk the collection of particulates from the Stratosphere using balloon platforms Where did you get the e g research programme at your university already performed similar experiment idea from scientific publications books etc e Involvement of subset of team members in development of Life Marker Chip experiment for the ESA ExoMars mission and which re
16. tes are based upon the Stratospheric CENSUS experiment flown on BEXUS 7 The dimensions are estimated to be 350 x 320 x 200mm See Appendix 1 SolidWorks Images Page 7 of 13 BEXUS EXPERIMENT PROPOSAL FORM 2009 2010 Indicate the preferred BEXUS Define preferred position in the balloon inside or outside the gondola or position of your experiment in the flight train Access through the side of the gondola to outside air is required for sampling Electrics Electronics REXUS only Will you need BEXUS experiments cannot be powered by the BEXUS system the 28 Vdc power supply According to the BEXUS user manual version 5 page 26 we expect to use the from the REXUS service 28V 1A supply provided by BEXUS and confirmed with ESA 12 11 2009 via system email Although the simplistic power requirement is 84W see later through appropriate component choice this is expected to be reduced primarily the average requirement for the solenoid valve during its hold phase Will you need additional Qualified batteries are listed in the REXUS and BEXUS User Manuals batteries What do you Additional batteries are expected to be required Low temperature specified need for charging batteries that fulfil qualification requirements of the BEXUS mission will be used e g Lithium Thionyl Chloride batteries Estimate the electrical The main components are consumption of your Pump 11W x2 Xperiment SARS ent Heater 5W x2 Ac
17. the main objective of CASS E We expect scientifically rigorous collection of stratospheric organisms to occur ina future larger version of CASS2E and which will benefit from the protocols to be developed and established by CASS E The flow will be achieved using a vacuum pump to pull air through the filter The pump will be activated only within the Stratosphere and controlled via pressure sensors This approach is based upon two prior examples of instruments flown on stratospheric balloon platforms i the Stratospheric CENSUS experiment on BEXUS 7 and ii Cranfield Team CGN Lucas experiment flown on the Cambridge University space flight stratospheric balloon platform in June 2009 and planned again for early 2010 Critical to the experimental objectives the known level of microorganisms within the Stratosphere is extremely low and the quantity of stratospheric microorganisms likely to be collected via a stratospheric balloon flight is also expected to be extremely low relative to the levels of microorganisms present on the balloon and associated platform Therefore without special precautions it is expected that any stratospheric collection experiment is at grave risk of contamination and therefore unlikely to be able to convince the scientific community that stratospheric specific organisms have been detected It is becoming well known within the planetary exploration community that similar concerns can arise associated with forward an
18. tuator Valves 18W x2 only needed for a few seconds during switching Control board 2W Therefore an initial estimate of 84W 70W plus 20 margin including sensors is envisaged Do you use any equipment e g Motors may need high inrush currents which exceed the nominal allowed with high inrush currents current limit Solenoid valves are expected to be used REXUS Only Do you need Auxiliary power for charging or consumption before launch is not standard auxili ary power Do you Mention here whether you need auxiliary power and why need a separate umbilical N A Do you need uplink and or Will you downlink your data or store it during the flight Will you uplink downlink commands What is the expected data rate Yes for telemetry data and sending up commands for manual override if necessary The expected data rate is approximately 100bit s REXUS Only Do you need There is only one TV channel available so only one experiment can use it Why to use the REXUS TV should it be your experiment Channel N A as applying for BEXUS Note that the micro video camera used to observe the opening of the bio barrier will only record to local memory within the experiment and will be used for post flight assessment of the bio barrier opening mechanism performance Page 8 of 13 Provide an event timeline including the experiment actions during flight such as timer or telecommand events Environmental Questions amp
19. within Cranfield Health to be installed in cleanrooms for dry heat microbial reduction Mechanical Workshop School of engineering Cranfield Health for manufacture of interfaces structure and bio barriers Environmental Test Facilities The Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute The Open University and Space Research Centre The University of Leicester for thermal and vacuum testing Page 5 of 13 Do you have all the material and equipment which is needed for your experiment If not how do you plan to obtain it How do you plan to finance your expenses Who else will Support you sponsors others Outreach Programme Describe your outreach programme for before during and after the REXUS BEXUS flight Campaign BEXUS EXPERIMENT PROPOSAL FORM 2009 2010 Electronic Laboratory a local electronics laboratory at Cranfield Health Cranfield University and a fully equipped electronics facility in Kent University Components o Standard electronic components will be standard off the shelf components Specific components such as the diaphragm vacuum pumps TBC sub micrometre particle filters thin foil heaters temperature flow and pressure sensors 2 way valves and the miniature low resolution video camera will all be sourced as commercial off the shelf components Batteries low temperature compatible batteries e g LisSOCl2 note that shipping restrictions to Sweden will be taken into account will
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