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DA-660-8/16-LX User`s Manual v4

1. chmod x tcps2 release tcps2 release amp root Moxa ls al drwxr xr x 2 root root O Jun 12 02 14 drwxr xr x 15 root root 0 Jan 1 970 1 root root 899 Jun 10 08 11 bash_history rw r r 1 root root 4996 Jun 12 02 15 tcps2 release root Moxa chmod x tcps2 release root Moxa ls al drwxr xr x 2 root root O Jun 12 02 14 drwxr xr x 15 root root 0 Jan 1 1970 1 root root 899 Jun 10 08 11 bash_history rwxr xr x 1 root root 4996 Jun 12 02 15 root Moxa 4 The program should start running in the background Use either the jobs or ps ef command to check if the tcps2 program is actually running in the background jobs use this command to check if the program is running root Moxa ls al drwxr xr x 2 root root 0 Jun 12 02 14 drwxr r x 15 root root 0 Jan 1 1970 rw 1 root root 899 Jun 10 08 11 bash history rw r r 1 root root 4996 Jun 12 02 15 tcps2 release root Moxa chmod x tcps2 release root Moxa ls al drwxr xr x 2 root root O Jun 12 02 14 drwx x 15 root root 0 Jan 1 1970 1 root root 899 Jun 10 08 11 bash history rwxr xr x 1 root root 4996 gun 12 02 15 2 11 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Getting Started root Moxa tcps2 release amp 1 187 start root Moxa jobs 1 Running tcps2 release root Moxa NOTE Use the xiii command for job number 1 to terminate this program kill 1 dps ef use this command to c
2. Output The output will be zero if everything is OK Any other value indicates an error Use the errno function to get the actual error description int swtd get int fd int mode unsigned long time Description Get the current settings mode if user application enables the Watch Dog need to acknowledge the action 0 if user application disables Watch Dog does not need to acknowledge the action time The time period to acknowledge the Watch Dog Input int fd the file handle from swtd open return value int mode the function will be return the status enable or disable the user application indicate whether an acknowledgement is necessary unsigned long time the function will return the current time period Output The output will be zero if everything is OK Any other value indicates an error Use the errno function to get the actual error description int swtd ack int fd Description Acknowledge the Watch Dog When the user application enables the Watch Dog it needs to call this function periodically with the user predefined time in the application program Input int fd the file handle from swtd_open return value Output The output will be zero if everything is OK Any other value indicates an error Use the errno function to get the actual error description 5 6 DA 660 8 16 LXUser s Manual Programmer s Guide 4 int swtd close int fd Description Close the file
3. hello OBJS CC o LDFLAGS LIBS clean rm f OBJS hello core gdb 6 UC Finder UC Finder comes in handy if you forget the IP address of the target computer when you have a demand for troubleshooting field problems This utility works by sending a broadcast message over the LAN to search for IP addresses of target computers Two versions of UC Finder are provided The GUI version works in Windows environments and the command line utility works in Linux environments The following topics are covered in this chapter U Windows UC Finder gt Installing the Software gt Broadcast Search A Linux UC Finder ThinkCore DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual UC Finder Windows UC Finder The UC Finder utility is used to search the LAN or intranet for Moxa embedded computers Installing the Software 1 Once the Setup program starts running click Next to proceed fe Setup UC Finder Welcome to the UC Finder Setup Wizard This wil instal UC Finder on your computer is recommended that you close al other applications before continuing Click Next to cortinue or Cancel to ext Setup a Setup UC Finder Select Additional Tasks Which additional tasks should be performed Select the additional tasks you would like Setup to perform while installing UC Finder then cick Next 6 2 ThinkCore DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual UC Finder 3 Click Next to install program files in the default direc
4. hello debug an IXP platform GDB debug server execution file see Chapter 5 for details about the GDB debug tool Be sure to type the make command from within the tmp example hello directory since UC s tool chain places a specially designed Makefile in that directory This special Makefile uses the mxscale gcc compiler to compile the hello c source code for the Xscale environment If you type the make command from any other directory Linux will use the x86 compiler for example cc or gcc Refer to Chapter 5 to see a Makefile example Uploading and Running the Hello Program Use the following commands to upload hello release to the DA 660 via FTP l From the PC type ftp 192 168 3 127 2 Usethe bin command to set the transfer mode to Binary mode and the put command to initiate the file transfer ftp bin ftp put hello release 3 From the DA 660 type chmod x hello release hello release The word Hello will be printed on the screen root Moxa hello release Hello 2 8 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Getting Started Developing Your First Application We use the tcps2 example to illustrate how to build an application The procedure outlined in the following subsections will show you how to build a TCP server program plus serial port communication that runs on the DA 660 Testing Environment The tcps2 example demonstrates a simple application program that delivers transparent bi direc
5. DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Communications NOTE The basic syntax to enable and load an IPTABLES module is as follows 1smod modprobe ip_tables modprobe iptable filter Use Ismod to check if the ip tables module has already been loaded in the DA 660 Use modprobe to insert and enable the module Use the following command to load the modules iptable filter iptable mangle iptable nat modprobe iptable filter Use iptables iptables restore and iptables save to maintain the database IPTABLES acts as a packet filter or NAT Take care when setting up the IPTABLES rules If the rules are not correct remote hosts that connect via a LAN or PPP may be denied access We recommend using the Serial Console to set up the IPTABLES Click on the following links for more information about IPTABLES http www linuxguruz com iptables http www netfilter ore documentation HOWTO packet filteringe HOWTO html Since the IPTABLES command is very complex to illustrate the IPTABLES syntax we have divided our discussion of the various rules into three categories Observe and erase chain rules Define policy rules and Append or delete rules Observe and erase chain rules Usage iptables t tables L n t tables Table to manipulate default filter example nat or filter L chain List List all rules in selected chains If no chain is selected all chains are listed n Numeric output of addres
6. Upgrading the Firmware A ATTENTION The DA 660 s BIOS kernel mini file system and user file system are combined into one firmware file which can be downloaded from Moxa s website www moxa com The name of the file has the form da660 x x x frm with x x x indicating the firmware version To upgrade the firmware download the firmware file to a PC and then transfer the file to the DA 660 unit via a serial Console or Telnet Console connection Upgrading the firmware will erase all data on the Flash ROM If you are using the ramdisk to store code for your applications beware that updating the firmware will erase all of the data on the Flash ROM You should back up your application files and data before updating the firmware Since different Flash disks have different sizes it s a good idea to check the size of your Flash disk before upgrading the firmware or before using the disk to store your application and data files Use the df h command to list the size of each memory block and the free space available in each block 3 2 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux root Moxa df h Filesystem Size Used Available Mounted on dev mtdblock3 26 0M 8 9M 17 1M dev mtdblock3 26 0M 8 9M 17 1M 5 dev ram2 2 0M 40 0k 1 8M var tmpfs 62 1M 0 62 1M dev shm root Moxa upramdisk root Moxa df h Filesystem Size Used Available Mounted on dev mtdblock3 26 0M 8 9M 17 1M de
7. Use hardware flow control between computer and modem at a baudrate of 115200 this is a must modem Indicates that this is a modem device pppd will hang up the phone before and after making the call 4 11 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Communications defaultroute Once the PPP link is established make it the default route if you have a PPP link to the Internet this is probably what you want 192 1 1 17 This is a degenerate case of a general option of the form x x x x y y y y Here x x x x is the local IP address and y y y y is the IP address of the remote end of the PPP connection If this option is not specified or if just one side is specified then x x x x defaults to the IP address associated with the local machine s hostname located in etc hosts and y y y y is determined by the remote machine Example 2 Connecting to a PPP server over a hard wired link If a username and password are not required use the following command note that noipdefault is optional pppd connect chat v noipdefault dev ttyMO 19200 crtscts If a username and password are required use the following command note that noipdefault is optional and root is both the username and password pppd connect chat v user root password root noipdefault dev ttyMO 19200 crtscts Checking the connection Once you have set up a PPP connection there are some steps that you can take to test the connection First typ
8. follow the standard termios baudrate define else ioctl fd MOXA GET SPECIAL BAUD RATE amp speed 5 9 DA 660 8 16 LXUser s Manual Programmer s Guide Baudrate inaccuracy Divisor 921600 Target Baudrate Only Integer part ENUM 8 921600 Targer Divisor Round up or down Inaccuracy Target Baudrate 921600 Divisor ENUM 8 100 E g To calculate 500000 bps Divisor 1 ENUM 7 Inaccuracy 1 7 The Inaccuracy should be less than 2 for reliability Special Note LCM 1 Ifthe target baudrate is not a special baudrate e g 50 75 110 134 150 200 300 600 1200 1800 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 57600 115200 230400 460800 921600 the termios cflag will be set to the same flag 2 Ifyou use tty to get the serial information you will get a speed equal to 0 The DA 660 only supports text mode display with screen size of 16 cols by 8 rows The device node is dev Icm See the examples given below We provide a private struct defined as follows typedef struct lcm_xy int x col value the arrange is 0 15 int y raw value the arrange is 0 7 lcm xy t Examples int ioctl fd IOCTL LCM GOTO XY lcm xy t pos Move the cursor position to x col y raw position The argument 3 is the new position value int ioctl fd IOCTL LCM CLS NULL Clears the LCM display int ioctl fd IOCTL LCM CLEAN LINE NULL Change one line to all spaces in the cu
9. p tcp udp icmp all s IP network sport ports d IP network dport ports j ACCEPT DROP A Append one or more rules to the end of the selected chain I Insert one or more rules in the selected chain as the given rule number i Name of an interface via which a packet is going to be received o Name of an interface via which a packet is going to be sent p The protocol of the rule or of the packet to check s Source address network name host name network IP address or plain IP address sport Source port number d Destination address dport Destination port number j Jump target Specifies the target of the rules i e how to handle matched packets For example ACCEPT the packet DROP the packet or LOG the packet Examples Example 1 Accept all packets from lo interface iptables A INPUT i lo j ACCEPT Example 2 Accept TCP packets from 192 168 0 1 iptables A INPUT i eth0 p tcp s 192 168 0 1 j ACCEPT Example 3 Accept TCP packets from Class C network 192 168 1 0 24 iptables A INPUT i eth0 p tcp s 192 168 1 0 24 j ACCEPT Example 4 Drop TCP packets from 192 168 1 25 iptables A INPUT i eth0 p tcp s 192 168 1 25 j DROP Example 5 Drop TCP packets addressed for port 21 iptables A INPUT i eth0 p tcp dport 21 j DROP Example 6 Accept TCP packets from 192 168 0 24 to DA 660 s port 137 138 139 iptables A INPUT i eth0 p tcp s 192 168 0 24 dport 1
10. password replace password with the correct password Note that debug and defaultroute 192 1 1 17 are optional pppd connect chat v ATDT5551212 CONNECT ogin username word password dev ttyMO 115200 debug crtscts modem defaultroute If the PPP server does not prompt for the username and password the command should be entered as follows Replace username with the correct username and replace password with the correct password pppd connect chat v ATDT5551212 CONNECT user username password password dev ttyMO 115200 crtscts modem The pppd options are as follows connect chat etc This option provides the command to contact the PPP server The chat program is used to dial a remote computer The entire command is enclosed in single quotes since pppd expects a one word argument for the connect option The options for chat are given below v verbose mode log what we do to syslog wow Double quotes do not wait for a prompt but instead do note that you must include a space after the second quotation mark ATDT5551212 Dial the modem and then CONNECT Wait for an answer Send a return null text followed by the usual return ogin username word password Log in with username and password Refer to the chat man page chat 8 for more information about the chat utility dev Specify the callout serial port 115200 The baudrate debug Log status in syslog crtscts
11. E root Moxa chmod 777 hello release root Moxa hello release Hello ThinkCore DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Windows Tool Chain Introduction GDB Debug Tool Insight Insight is a graphical user interface that accompanies GDB the GNU Debugger was written in Tcl Tk by people working at Red Hat Inc and Cygnus Solutions Red Hat was generous enough to make Insight available for public use and continues to maintain the program Click on http sources redhat com insight for more information about using Insight or click on Help Topics under the Help menu to read the user manual I ign File Run View Control Preferences Help Find oppere zj souRcE y Help Topics About GDB eee eee B de T Source Window it E Insight Index Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Ky bak GJ x iz e A J search 2 Boe eee B 3 Address E c iuc usrijocalimxscaleblsharelinsighti ihelptindex htm 00 C UCiusrilocalimxscalebisharetinsighti O1helptindex html Breakpomt Window Console Window Function Browser Locals Window Memory Window Register Window Sessions Source Window Stack Window Target Window Thread Window Watch Window B 8 C Using the LCM Keypad The Da 660 has an LCM and keypad that provide users with on site parameter readings and the ability to modify the configuration Parameters that can
12. Port command successful 150 Opening data connection for DA660 1 0 frm 226 Transfer complete 13167772 bytes received in 2 17 secs 5925 8 kB s ftp DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux 3 Next use the upfirm command to upgrade the kernel and root file system upfirm da660 x x x frm root Moxa mnt ramdisk upfirm DA660 1 0 frm Upgrade firmware utility version 1 0 To check source firmware file context The source firmware file conext is OK This step destroy all your firmware Do you want to continue it Y N Y Now upgrade the file redboot Format MTD device dev mtd0 MTD device dev mtd0 erase 128 Kibyte 60000 100 complete Wait to write file Completed 100 Now upgrade the file kernel Format MTD device dev mtdl MTD device dev mtd1 erase 128 Kibyte 100000 100 complete Wait to write file Completed 100 Now upgrade the file mini file system Format MTD device dev mtd2 MTD device dev mtd2 erase 128 Kibyte 400000 100 complete Wait to write file Completed 100 Now upgrade the file user file system Format MTD device dev mtd3 MTD device dev mtd3 erase 128 Kibyte 1a0000 100 complete Wait to write file Completed 100 Now upgrade the file directory Format MTD device dev mtd6 MTD device dev mtd6 erase 128 Kibyte 20000 100 complete Wait to write file Completed 100 Now upgrade the new configuration file Upgrad
13. a cross platform development environment that simulates the Linux root file system allowing users to develop applications on a Windows PC The following topics are covered in this appendix A Introduction A Installation Procedure U Using the BASH Shell A Compilation OU GDB Debug Tool Insight ThinkCore DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Windows Tool Chain Introduction Introduction The DA 660 s Windows Tool Chain is a cross platform development environment that simulates the Linux root file system allowing users to develop applications in a Windows PC environment Install the Windows tool chain to set up a Linux like environment on your Windows machine The following figure shows an example of what the Windows Tool Chain environment looks like Your group is currently mkpasswd This indicates that The etc passwd and possibly etc group files should be rebuil See the man pages for mkpasswd and mkgroup then for example ru mkpasswd 1 d gt etc passwd mkpasswd 1 d gt etc group Note that the d switch is necessary for domain users Is al total 9 drwxr xr x drwxr xr x drwxr xr x drwxr xr x stephen_ mkpasswd stephen_ mkpasswd stephen_ mkpasswd stephen_ mkpasswd stephen_ mkpasswd stephen_ mkpasswd stephen_ mkpasswd Jan 10 22 03 moxa bat stephen_ mkpasswd Jan 10 22 03 moxa ico stephen_ mkpasswd Jan 10 19 48 tmp stephen_ mkpasswd 0 Jan 10 19 48 usr stephen mkpasswd rw r r drw
14. and Disabling Daemons Setting the Run level Adjusting the System Time gt Setting the Time Manually gt NTP Client gt Updating the Time Automatically U Cron Daemon to Execute Scheduled Commands UU Timezone Setting Ooo DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux System Version Information NOTE To determine the hardware capability of your DA 660 and what kind of software functions are supported check the version numbers of your DA 660 s hardware kernel and user file system Contact Moxa to determine the hardware version You will need the Production S N Serial number which is located on the DA 660 s bottom label To check the kernel version type kversion To check the user file system version type fsversion 192 168 3 127 PUTTY root Moxa kversion 1 0 root Moxa fsversion 1 0 The kernel version and user file system version numbers are the same for the factory default configuration Even if you download the latest firmware version from Moxa s website and then upgrade the DA 660 s firmware the two version numbers will still be the same However to help users define the user file system the kernel and user file system are separate and hence could have different version numbers For this reason we provide two utilities called kversion and fsversion that allow you to check the version numbers of the kernel and file system respectively System Image Backup
15. be modified include model name firmware version network settings etc We use the DA 660 16 LX as an example to demonstrate the steps you should follow to configure these parameters LCM Display Menu Key Select Key Display the process values Back to the previous Enter sub menu and parameters menu DA 660 16 Data Acquisition Computer Up Key Down Key Browse sub menus Browse sub menus upward downward Typical example Model Name and Firmware Version This is the 1 screen that is displayed when the system boots up wu Press MENU to enter the main menu Main Menu Press or use SEL to select an item Press or use SEL to select an item ThinkCore DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Using the LCM Keypad Press or use SEL to select an item e Network Settings Port eth0 for example Press SEL Press SEL Press Press v Press Press Serial Port Port 1 for example Press SEL Press SEL Press for port 2 Console Port Press SEL
16. compatible versions are recommended The Tool Chain requires about 100 MB of hard disk space on your PC The DA 660 Tool Chain software is located on the DA 660 CD To install the Tool Chain insert the CD into your PC and then issue the following commands mount dev cdrom mnt cdrom rpm ivh mnt cdrom mxscaleb 3 3 2 6 i386 rpm The Tool Chain will be installed automatically on your Linux PC within a few minutes Before compiling the program be sure to set the following path first since the Tool Chain files including the compiler link library and include files are located in this directory PATH usr local mxscaleb bin PATH Setting the path allows you to run the compiler from any directory NOTE Refer to Appendix B for an introduction to the Windows Tool Chain In this chapter we use the Linux tool chain to illustrate the cross compiling process Checking the Flash Memory Space If the flash memory is full you will not be able to save data to the Flash ROM Use the following command to calculate the amount of Available flash memory df h Ea PComun Terminal Emulator COM1 115200 None 8 1 1100 E El xj Profile Edit PortManager Window Help el CARA salsa x 2n E COM1 115200 None 8 1 TLOO Ir done root Moxa etc init d df h prg Filesystem Size Used Available Use Mounted on ers dev mt dblock3 26 0M 9 0M 17 0M 35 26 0M 3 0 17 01 35 z 0M 40 Ok 1 8M 2 var 62 151 a 62 151 0 dev s
17. directory delete directory text editor dump file context compress or expand files search file for a specific pattern get string on file find files dump file page by page test if file exists or not sleep seconds echo string ping to test network routing table manager display network status set network IP address trace route trivial file transfer protocol A terminal emulation program for TCP IP network file transfer protocol ThinkCore DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual System Commands Process 1 2 Other 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 kill ps dmesg sty zcat mknod free date env clear reboot halt du gzip gunzip hostname Moxa Special Utilities mg dm te aem backupfs bf kversion cat etc version upramdisk downramdisk kill process display now running process dump kernel log message to set serial port dump gz file context make device node display system memory usage print or set the system date and time run a program in a modified environment clear the terminal screen reboot power off on the server halt the server estimate file space usage compress or expand files show system s host name backup file system user directory built the file system user directory show kernel version show user directory version mount ramdisk unmount ramdisk A 2 B Windows Tool Chain Introduction The DA 660 s Windows Tool Chain is
18. nobody usr sbin httpd nobody usr sbin httpd nobody usr sbin httpd nobody usr sbin httpd nobody usr sbin httpd 92 bin sbin portmap 97 root root tcps2 release 105 root usr sbin rpc statd 109 robot usr sbin snmpd s 1 dev null lll root usr sbin snmptrapd s 140 root sbin cardmgr 144 root usr sbin rpc nfsd 146 root usr sbin rpc mountd 153 root usr sbin sshd 161 root bin reportip 162 root bin massupfirm 163 root sbin getty 115200 ttyso 164 root sbin getty 115200 ttyS1 166 root bin massupfirm 168 root bin massupfirm ITL root usr sbin sshd 172 root bash 174 root ps ef root Moxa Setting the Run level In this section we outline the steps you should take to set the Linux run level and execute requests Use the following command to enable or disable settings ja i p Ww w 0 0004 CO O1 4 CQ CO J O0 Oy iS NB Oo OO OY OU 4S CO PO a 30 ao QuoououuuuuuuututututuUuyuyuutuuunuonogoguggggooouunududud root8Moxa ect rc d rc3 d4 ls S19nfs common S25nfs user server S99showreadyled S20snmpd S55ssh S24pcmcia S99rmnologin root Moxa etc rce d rc3 d cd etc rc d init d Edit a shell script to execute root tcps2 release and save to teps2 as an example cd etc rc d rc3 d 1n s etc rc d init d tcps2 S60tcps2 SxxRUNFILE stands for S start the run file while Linux boots up 3 6 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux
19. octet string Root root localhost configure etc snmp snmp local conf sysName 0 octet string Moxa sysLocation 0 octet string Unknown configure etc snmp snmp local conf system 8 0 timeticks 0 days 00h 00m 00s 22th 22 system 9 1 2 1 object identifier mib 2 31 9 system 9 1 2 2 object identifier internet 6 3 1 10 system 9 1 2 3 object identifier mib 2 49 11 system 9 1 2 4 object identifier ip 12 system 9 1 2 5 object identifier mib 2 50 13 system 9 1 2 6 object identifier internet 6 3 16 2 2 1 14 system 9 1 2 7 object identifier internet 6 3 10 3 1 1 15 system 9 1 2 8 object identifier internet 6 3 11 3 1 1 16 system 9 1 2 9 object identifier internet 6 3 15 2 1 1 17 system 9 1 3 1 octet string The MIB module to describe generic objects for network interface sub layers 18 system 9 1 3 2 octet string The MIB module for SNMPv2 entities 19 system 9 1 3 3 octet string The MIB module for managing TCP implementations 20 system 9 1 3 4 octet string The MIB module for managing IP and ICMP implementations 21 system 9 1 3 5 octet string The MIB module for managing UDP implementations o0 JU 4 C2 F2 4 17 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Communications 22 system 9 1 3 6 octet string View based Access Control Model for SNMP 23 system 9 1 3 7 octet string The SNMP Management Architecture MIB 24 system 9 1 3 8 octet string The MIB for Message Processing and
20. or etc resolv conf 4 2 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Communications Web Service Apache The Apache web server s main configuration file is etc apache httpd conf with the default homepage located at usr www html index html Save your own homepage to the following directory usr www html Save your CGI page to the following directory usr www cgi bin Before you modify the homepage use a browser such as Microsoft Internet Explore or Mozilla Firefox from your PC to test if the Apache Web Server is working Type the LANI IP address in the browser s address box to open the homepage E g if the default IP address is still active type http 192 168 3 127 in the address box Test Page for the Apache Web Server on MontaVista Linux Mozilla Firefox Eb Edit View Go Bookmarks Took Help E 0O D mus iim Y Qc d gt Getting Started E Latest Headlines Test Page This page is used to test the proper operation of the Apache Web server after it has been installed If you can read this page it means that the Apache Web server installed at this site is working properly If you are the administrator of this website You may now add content to this directory and replace this page Note that until you do so people visiting your website will see this page and not your content If you are a member of the general public The fact that you are seeing this page indicates that the website you just visited is eithe
21. port settings shown below Baudrate 115200 bps Data bits Bo Stop bits 1 Flow Control None Terminal VT100 Once the connection is established the following window will open E com1 1152 me 8 1 Y 1100 nl xl m Moxa Em edded Linux Professional Edition trs fers oxa loyin root Passwori seso gigg LEE EE E4 SSSSSI SSSISS 1 Lll SHES 88 gigs sis irl ses sss sss f age 3 sss gus sss L2 gf agg SEIS HESS gs ggs gig 83 8 8 1 sg gg g gs ggs fs LEE i BN 99 FF Sf FF fs diss 16 ss ss Y RF pg rs 310 EEEE EE d sg gg F FF FHF gig gigg 8 f fis ff fif fff ft is f Sf ff sg 83 Lil Lii gf at 3 i sg 3 L2 i E 83 f EFEFEF E SSSISS SSSSISSS SEISISSI SESISSSSISS FEFEFE For fur her infornation check top ww moxa com ount user file system iro tgMoxa H Siate OPEN ET mm UT Em A To log in type the Login name and password as requested The default values are both root Login root Password root 2 2 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Getting Started Telnet Console A ATTENTION If you know at least one of the two IP addresses and netmasks then you can use Telnet to connect to the DA 660 s console utility The default IP address and netmask for each of the two ports are given below Default IP Address Netmask LAN 2 192 168 4 127 255 255 255 0 Use a cross over Ethernet cable to connect direc
22. see the line Peer Connection Initiated with 192 168 8 173 5000 on each machine the connection between OpenVPN machines has been established successfully on UDP port 5000 You can create link symbols to enable the etc openvpn openvpn bridge script at boot time ln s etc openvpn openvpn bridge etc rc d rc3 d S32vpn br 4 ln s etc openvpn openvpn bridge etc rc d rc6 d K32vpn br 5 Oneach OpenVPN machine check the routing table by typing the command route Destination Gateway Genmsk Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192 168 4 0 255 255 255 0 U 0 0 0 brO 192 168 2 0 255 255 255 0 U 0 0 0 brO 192 168 8 0 255 255 255 0 U 0 0 0 ethO Interface eth1 is connected to the bridging interface br0 to which device tap0 also connects whereas the virtual device tun sits on top of tap0 This ensures that all traffic from internal networks connected to interface eth1 that come to this bridge write to the TAP TUN device that the OpenVPN program monitors Once the OpenVPN program detects traffic on the virtual device it sends the traffic to its peer 6 To create an indirect connection to Host B from Host A you need to add the following routing item route add net 192 168 4 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 dev ethO To create an indirect connection to Host A from Host B you need to add the following routing item route add net 192 168 2 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 dev ethO Now ping Host B from H
23. sys time h gt include lt moxadevice h gt static void mydelay unsigned long msec struct timeval time time tv_sec msec 1000 time tv_usec msec 1000 1000 select 1 NULL NULL NULL amp time static int swtdfd static int stopflag 0 static void stop swatchdog stopflag 1 static void do_swatchdog void swtd_enable swtdfd 500 while stopflag 0 mydelay 250 swtd_ack swtdfd swtd_disable swtdfd int main int argc char argv pid_t sonpid signal SIGUSR1 stop swatchdog swtdfd swtd_open if swtdfd lt 0 printf Open sWatchDog device fail n exit 1 if sonpid fork 0 do swatchdog do user application main function end user application kill sonpid SIGUSR1 swtd_close swtdfd exit 1 The Makefile is shown below all mxscaleb gcc o xxxx xxxx c lmoxalib 5 8 DA 660 8 16 LXUser s Manual Programmer s Guide UART The normal tty device node is located at dev ttyMO ttyM7 and the modem tty device node is located at dev cum0 cum7 The DA 660 supports Linux standard termios control The MOXA UART Device API allows you to configure ttyMO to ttyM7 as RS 232 RS 422 4 wire RS 485 or 2 wire RS 485 The DA 660 supports RS 232 RS 422 2 wire RS 485 and 4 wire RS485 You must use include lt moxadevice h gt define RS232 MODE 0 define RS485 2WIRE MODE 1 de
24. xx a number between 00 99 The smaller number has a higher priority RUNFILE the file name 192 168 3 127 Putty rootfMoxa ect rc d rc3 d ls S19nfs common S25nfs user server S99showreadyled S20snmpd S55ssh S24pcmcia S99rmnologin root Moxa ect rce d rc3 d ln s root tcps2 release S60tcps2 rootfMoxa ect rc d rc3 d ls S19nfs common S25nfs user server S99rmnologin S20snmpd S55ssh S99showreadyled S24pcmcia S60tcps23 root Moxa etc re d rc3 d cd etc rc d rc6 d 1n s etc rc d init d tcps2 K30tcps2 KxxRUNFILE stands for K start the run file while Linux shuts down or halts xx a number between 00 99 The smaller number has a higher priority RUNFILE is the file name For removing the daemon you can remove the run file from etc rc d rc3 d by using the following command drm f etc rc d rc3 d S60tcps2 Adjusting the System Time Setting the Time Manually The DA 660 has two time settings One is the system time and the other is the RTC Real Time Clock time kept by the DA 660 hardware Use the date command to query the current system time or set a new system time Use hwclock to query the current RTC time or set a new RTC time Use the following command to query the system time date Use the following command to query the RTC time hwclock Use the following command to set the system time date MMDDhhmmYYYY MM Month DD Date hhmm hour and minute YYYY Year Use the following comma
25. 1 if i ge maxtap then break fi done null ip address of internal interface ifconfig iface 0 0 0 0 promisc up enable bridge ip ifconfig br0 SIPADDR netmask NETMASK broadcast BROADCAST ipf proc sys net ipv4 ip forward enable IP forwarding echo 1 ipf echo ip forwarding enabled to cat ipf stop echo shutdown openvpn bridge ifcfg vpn i expr 0 while do 4 20 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Communications disconnect tap device from the bridge brctl delif br0 tap i openvpn rmtun dev tap i i expr i 1 if i ge maxtap then break fi done brctl delif br0 iface brctl delbr br0 ifconfig br0 down ifconfig iface SIPADDR netmask NETMASK broadcast BROADCAST killall TERM openvpn case 1 in start start stop stop P restart stop start P echo Usage 0 start stop restart exit 1 esac exit 0 Create link symbols to enable this script at boot time 4 ln s etc openvpn openvpn bridge etc rc d rc3 d S32vpn br for example 4 ln s etc openvpn openvpn bridge etc rc d rc6 d K32vpn br for example 3 Onmachine OpenVPN A modify the remote address in the configuration file etc openvpn tap0 br conf etc openvpn tap0 br conf point to the peer remote 192 168 8 174 dev tap0 secret etc openvpn secrouter key cipher DES EDE3 CBC auth MD5 tun mtu 1500 tun mtu extra 64 ping 40 up etc openvpn tap0 b
26. 2 168 4 0 192 168 4 174 255 255 255 0 UG 0 0 0 tunO 192 168 2 0 255 255 255 0 U 0 0 0 eth 192 168 8 0 255 255 255 0 U 0 0 0 eth0 4 24 Programmer s This chapter includes important information for programmers The following functions are covered in this chapter Flash Memory Map Linux Tool Chain Introduction Debugging with GDB Device API RTC Real Time Clock Buzzer WDT Watch Dog Timer UART LCM KeyPad Makefile Example LDIODDODDDIODLDO DA 660 8 16 LXUser s Manual Programmer s Guide Flash Memory Map NOTE 2 The user file system is a complete file system Users can create and delete directories and files Partition sizes are hard coded into the kernel binary To change the partition sizes you will need to rebuild the kernel The flash memory map is shown in the following table Address Size Contents 0x00000000 0x0005FFFF 384 KB Boot Loader Read ONLY 0x00060000 0x0015FFFF 1 MB Kernel object code Read ONLY 0x00160000 0x0055FFFF 4 MB Mini root file system EXT2 Read ONLY 0x00560000 0x01F5FFFF 26 MB User root file system JFFS2 Read Write 0x01F60000 0x01 FBFFFF 384 KB Not used Ox01FC0000 OxOIFDFFFF 128 KB Boot Loader configuration Read ONLY 0x01FE0000 0x01 FFFFFF 128 KB Boot Loader directory Read ONLY Mount the user file system to mnt usrdisk with the root file system Check to see if the use
27. 37 139 j ACCEPT Example 7 Log TCP packets that visit DA 660 s port 25 iptables A INPUT i eth0 p tcp dport 25 j LOG Example 8 Drop all packets from MAC address 01 02 03 04 05 06 iptables A INPUT i eth0 p all m mac mac source 01 02 03 04 05 06 j DROP 4 8 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Communications NOTE In Example 8 remember to issue the command modprobe ipt mac first to load module ipt_mac NAT NAT Network Address Translation protocol translates IP addresses used on one network to different IP addresses used on another network One network is designated the inside network and the other is the outside network Typically the DA 660 connects several devices on a network and maps local inside network addresses to one or more global outside IP addresses and un maps the global IP addresses on incoming packets back into local IP addresses NOTE Click on the following link for more information about iptables and NAT http www netfilter ore documentation HOWTO NAT HOWTO html NAT Example The IP address of LANI is changed to 192 168 3 127 you will need to load the module ipt MASQUERADE IP Netmask 192 168 3 100 24 Gateway 192 168 3 127 PC1 Linux or Windows LANI 192 168 3 127 24 Embedded Computer LAN 2 192 168 4 127 24 PC2 Linux or Windows IP Netmask 192 168 4 100 24 Gateway 192 168 4 127 echo 1 modprobe modprobe modprobe modpro
28. 4 Nov 27 11 52 teps2 c rw r r 1 root root 6164 Nov 27 11 55 teps2 c root serverll 1st application fs make usr local mxscaleb bin mxscaleb gcc o tcps2 release tcps2 c usr local mxscaleb bin mxscaleb strip s tcps2 release usr local mxscaleb bin mxscaleb gcc o tcpsp release tcpsp c usr local mxscaleb bin mxscaleb strip s tcpsp release usr local mxscaleb bin mxscaleb gcc ggdb o tcps2 debug tcps2 c usr local mxscaleb bin mxscaleb gcc ggdb o tcpsp debug tcpsp c You have new mail in var spool mail root root serverll lst_application 1s root serverll lst_application 11 total 92 rw r r root root 514 Nov 27 52 Makefile rWXr Xr x root root 25843 Nov 27 IWXI Xr X root root 4996 Nov 27 rw r r root root 4554 Nov 27 H teps2 Ne IWXI Xr X root root 26823 Nov 27 IWXI Xr X root root 5396 Nov 27 rw r r 1 root root 6164 Now 27 root serverll 1st application ts Two executable files tcps2 release and tcps2 debug are created tcps2 release an IXP platform execution file created specifically to run on the DA 660 tcps2 debug an IXP platform GDB debug server execution file see Chapter 5 for details about the GDB debug tool If you get an error message at this point it could be because you neglected to put tcps2 c and tcpsp c in the same directory The example Makefile we provide is set up to compile both tcps2 and tcpsp into the same project Makefile Alternatively y
29. 8 lib 03 moxa bat 03 moxa ico 48 tmp 0 Jan 10 19 48 usr 0 Jan 10 18 12 var drwxr xr x 1 drwxr xr x stephen_ mkpasswd 8 8 2 7 1 5 1 T 2 4 6 stephen mkpasswd Compilation Windows tool chain is a cross compiler that can be used to compile Linux source code on a Windows operating system allowing programmers to develop projects on a Windows based PC In this section we describe the procedures you should follow to compile a project with the Windows tool chain First copy the source codes of your project into the Windows tool chain s installation directory In the example shown here we want to compile the hello example provided in our CD ROM We will copy the source code to UC which is the root directory of the Windows tool chain installation Check in the root directory to find the hello directory Mkpasswd 1 d gt etc passwd Mkgroup 1 d gt etc group Note that the d switch is necessary for domain users cd Is al total 9 drwxrwx drwXrWwX drwXrWwX 4294967295 4294967295 4294967295 Nov 4294967295 0 Nov mkpasswd 0 Nov 4 4294967295 3262 Nov 4294967295 0 Nov 4294967295 53 Nov 4294967295 3262 Nov 4294967295 0 Nov 4294967295 0 Nov 4294967295 0 Nov 18511 18 11 Tero bin 11 10 etc 8 07 hello 4 11 12 insight ico 4 11 10 lib 4 10 12 moxa bat 4 11 12 moxa ico 4 18 11 tmp 4 11 06 usr 4 11 06 var Nov Nov Jared_Wu Jared_Wu Jared_Wu Jar
30. ANI and 192 168 4 127 for LAN2 with a default netmask of 255 255 255 0 We always want the loopback interface auto ethO ethl lo iface lo inet loopback embedded ethernet LAN1 iface eth0 inet static address 192 168 3 network 192 168 3 netmask 255 255 A broadcast 192 168 3 255 embedded ethernet LAN2 iface ethl inet static address 192 168 4 127 network 192 168 4 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 broadcast 192 168 4 255 802 11g Gigabyte Cardbus wireless card iface eth2 inet static address 192 168 5 127 network 192 168 5 0 etc network interfaces line 1 of 162 0 Dynamic IP addresses By default the DA 660 is configured for static IP addresses To configure one or both LAN ports to request an IP address dynamically replace static with dhcp and then delete the address network netmask and broadcast lines Default Setting for LANI Dynamic Setting using DHCP iface ethO inet static iface ethO inet dhcp address 192 168 3 127 network 192 168 3 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 broadcast 192 168 3 255 2 5 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Getting Started NOTE Auto eth0 ethl lo iface lo inet loopback iface eth0 inet dhcp iface ethl inet dhcp 3 After modifying the boot settings of the LAN interface issue the following command to activate the LAN settings immediately etc init d networking restart After changing the IP settings use the networking restart command to activate the new I
31. DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Fourth Edition April 2008 www moxa com product MOXA 2008 Moxa Inc all rights reserved Reproduction without permission is prohibited DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual The software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement and may be used only in accordance with the terms of that agreement Copyright Notice Copyright 2008 Moxa Inc All rights reserved Reproduction without permission is prohibited Trademarks MOXA is a registered trademark of the Moxa Group All other trademarks or registered marks in this manual belong to their respective manufacturers Disclaimer Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Moxa Moxa provides this document as is without warranty of any kind either expressed or implied including but not limited to its particular purpose Moxa reserves the right to make improvements and or changes to this manual or to the products and or the programs described in this manual at any time Information provided in this manual is intended to be accurate and reliable However Moxa assumes no responsibility for its use or for any infringements on the rights of third parties that may result from its use This product might include unintentional technical or typographical errors Changes are periodically made to the information herein to correct such errors and these chan
32. Dispatching 25 system 9 1 3 9 octet string The management information definitions for the SNMP User based Security Model 26 system 9 1 4 1 timeticks 0 days 00h 00m 00s 04th 4 27 system 9 1 4 2 timeticks 0 days 00h 00m 00s 09th 9 28 system 9 1 4 3 timeticks 0 days 00h 00m 00s 09th 9 29 system 9 1 4 4 timeticks 0 days 00h 00m 00s 09th 9 30 system 9 1 4 5 timeticks 0 days 00h 00m 00s 09th 9 31 system 9 1 4 6 timeticks 0 days 00h 00m 00s 19th 19 32 system 9 1 4 7 timeticks 0 days 00h 00m 00s 22th 22 33 system 9 1 4 8 timeticks 0 days 00h 00m 00s 22th 22 34 system 9 1 4 9 timeticks 0 days 00h 00m 00s 22th 22 s SNMP QUERY FINISHED NOTE Click the following links for more information about MIB II and RS 232 like groups http www fags org rfcs rfc1213 html http www fags org rfcs rfc1317 html gt The DA 660 does NOT support SNMP trap OpenVPN OpenVPN provides two types of tunnels for users to implement VPNS Routed IP Tunnels and Bridged Ethernet Tunnels To begin with check to make sure that the system has a virtual device dev net tun If not issue the following command mknod dev net tun c 10 200 An Ethernet bridge is used to connect different Ethernet networks together The Ethernets are bundled into one bigger logical Ethernet Each Ethernet corresponds to one physical interface or port that is connected to the bridge On each OpenVPN machine you s
33. E struct rtc time time Description read time information from RTC This returns the value on argument 3 2 Function RTC SET TIME int ioctl fd RTC SET TIME struct rtc time time Description set RTC time Argument 3 will be passed to the RTC The device node is located at dev console The DA 660 supports Linux standard buzzer control with its buzzer running at a fixed frequency of 100 Hz You must use include lt sys kd h gt Function KDMKTONE ioctl fd KDMKTONE unsigned int arg Description The buzzer s behavior is determined by the argument arg The high word part of arg indicates the length of time the buzzer will sound and the low word part indicates the frequency The buzzer s on off behavior is controlled by software If you call the ioctl function you MUST set the frequency at 100 Hz If you use a different frequency the system could crash 5 4 DA 660 8 16 LXUser s Manual Programmer s Guide WDT Watch Dog Timer 1 Introduction The WDT works like a watch dog function You can enable it or disable it If the user enables WDT but the application does not acknowledge it then the system will reboot You can set the acknowledgement time from a minimum of 50 msec to a maximum of 60 seconds How the WDT works The sWatch Dog is enabled when the system boots up The kernel will auto acknowledge it The user application must also acknowledge it When the user application does not acknowledge it t
34. P address However the LCM display will still show the old IP address To update the LCM display you will need to reboot the DA 660 Modifying Network Settings over the Network IP settings can be activated over the network but the new settings will not be saved to the flash ROM without modifying the file etc network interfaces For example type the command ifconfig eth0 192 168 1 1 to change the IP address of LANI to 192 168 1 1 root Moxa ifconfig eth0 192 168 1 1 root Moxa Test Program Developing Hello c In this section we use the standard Hello programming example to illustrate developing a program for the DA 660 In general program development for DA 660 involves the following seven steps Step 1 Connect the DA 660 to a Linux PC Step 2 Install Tool Chain GNU Cross Compiler amp glibc Step 3 Set the cross compiler and glibc environment variables Step 4 Code and compile the program Step 5 Download the program to the DA 660 via FTP or NFS Step 6 Debug the program gt If bugs are found return to Step 4 gt If no bugs are found continue with Step 7 Step 7 Back up the user directory distribute the program to additional DA 660 units if needed 2 6 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Getting Started Installing the Tool Chain Linux The PC must have the Linux Operating System pre installed before installing the DA 660 GNU Tool Chain Redhat 7 3 8 0 Fedora Core and
35. TP client that takes an email message body and passes it on to an SMTP server It is suitable for applications that use email to send alert messages or important logs to a specific user Click on the following link for more information about smtpclient http www engelschall com sw smtpclient To send an email message use the smtpclient utility that uses SMTP protocol Type smtpclient help to see the help message Example smtpclient s test f sender company com S IP address receiver icompany com lt mail body message s The mail subject f Sender s mail address S SMTP server IP address The last mail address receiver company com is the receiver s e mail address mail body message is the mail content The last line of the body of the message should contain ONLY the period character You will need to add your hostname to the file etc hosts The DA 660 has built in SNMP V1 Simple Network Management Protocol agent software It supports RFC1317 RS 232 like groups and RFC 1213 MIB II The following simple example allows you to use an SNMP browser on the host site to query the DA 660 which is the SNMP agent The DA 660 will respond wee SNMP QUERY STARTED sysDescr 0 octet string Linux Moxa 2 4 18_mv130 ixdp425 1049 Tue Oct 26 09 34 15 CST 2004 armvSteb sysObjectID 0 object identifier enterprises 2021 250 10 sysUpTime 0 timeticks O days 00h 41m 54s 47th 251447 sysContact 0
36. Windows UC Einder eaput ager iii 6 2 Installing the Software Aves cn Al AANA eh he e ts 6 2 Broadcast Searels oss eo en RU event eT ELEC RH KORR 6 3 Em x eSOUN TC a li 6 4 System Comimards ici A 1 busybox V0 60 4 Linux normal command utility collection eee A 1 File Mah ager eene tete e e eee t e ve elegan A 1 E iia A 1 haa d A 1 luec Sa A 2 QUEL is tes ias A 2 Moxa Special Utilities ruote a A 2 Windows Tool Chain Introduction eeeeeeeereeeeeeenennnnne B 1 INtrOGUCt Ones e O B 2 Installation Procedure ee r a enne tnter nennen nene nnne B 3 Using the BASH Shell 5 tata tene b ioe De RU stews B 5 Compilation asics ees ud eb mu A ane D rA Ite eiae B 6 GDB Debug Tool Insighit e r ose ten mer mata B 8 Using the LCM Keypad eeeseeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeenn nennen nnne C 1 1 Introduction Welcome to the DA 660 RISC based Communication Platforms Features include RS 232 422 485 serial ports and dual 10 100 Mbps Ethernet ports making the DA 660 ideal for your embedded applications The following topics are covered in this chapter O Overview OU Software Architecture gt Journaling Flash File System JFFS2 Software Package DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Introduction Overview The DA 660 compute
37. X t nat sbin iptables Z t nat sbin iptables P INPUT ACCEPT sbin iptables P OUTPUT ACCEPT sbin iptables P FORWARD ACCEPT sbin iptables t nat P PREROUTING ACCEPT sbin iptables t nat P POSTROUTING ACCEPT sbin iptables t nat P OUTPUT ACCEPT Step 3 Enable IP masquerade Dial up Service PPP PPP Point to Point Protocol is used to run IP Internet Protocol and other network protocols over a serial link PPP can be used for direct serial connections using a null modem cable over a Telnet link and links established using a modem over a telephone line Modem PPP access is almost identical to connecting directly to a network through the DA 660 s Ethernet port Since PPP is a peer to peer system the DA 660 can also use PPP to link two networks or a local network to the Internet to create a Wide Area Network WAN NOTE Click the following links for more information about PPP http tldp org HOWTO PPP HOWTO index html http axion physics ubc ca ppp linux html 4 10 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Communications The pppd daemon is used to connect to a PPP server from a Linux system For detailed information about pppd see the man page Example 1 Connecting to a PPP server over a simple dial up connection The following command is used to connect to a PPP server using a modem Use this command for old ppp servers that prompt for a login name replace username with the correct name and
38. a Linux Tool Chain Copyright 2006 Moxa Systems Co Ltd hitp wasy moxa com 2 By default the Local Package Directory is the same as on the CD ROM tool chain windows compiler Click on Next to proceed Note It may take anywhere from 5 to 20 minutes to check the packages in the CD ROM after you click Next Moxa Limux Tool Chain Setup Select Local Package Directory rm E Select Local Package Directory Select the directory where the package files of Tool Chain exist Local Package Directory lt t B Ru B 3 ThinkCore DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Windows Tool Chain Introduction 3 All required package are selected by default Click Next to continue Moxa Linux Tool Chain Setup Select Packages Select Packages Select packages to install Category All 4y Default Admin 4 Default Archive 4 Default Base 4 Default Database y Default Devel x Default Doc amp Default Editors 4 Default Games amp y Default Category column Shows a hierarchical display of packages with category name highest and package name lowest Click the plus sign next to a category name to open the category and see the packages within that category Base Category List all packages that will be installed by default along with any dependencies If you view the Base column for the Base category you should see every package selected for installation Packages In the packages listing fi
39. are and hardware features Software Architecture The Linux operating system that is pre installed in the DA 660 follows standard Linux architecture making it easy to accept programs that follow the POSIX standard Program porting is done with the GNU Tool Chain provided by Moxa In addition to Standard POSIX APIs device drivers for the LCM Buzzer and Keypad controls and UART are also included in the Linux OS AP User Application Daemon Apache Telnet FTPD SNMP API Application Interface POSIX Socket Secure Socket Protocol Stack TCP IP UDP CMP ARP HTTP SNMP SMTP Device File Driver PCMCIA CF WLAN USB UART RTC LCM Keypad System Microkernel Memory control Schedule Process Hardware RS 232 422 485 Ethernet PCMCIA CompactFlash USB The DA 660 s built in Flash ROM is partitioned into Boot Loader Linux Kernel Mini Root File System and User Root File System partitions DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Introduction In order to prevent user applications from crashing the Root File System the DA 660 uses a specially designed wales Mini File System with Protected Configuration for User Directory Mini Root File System emergency use This Mini File System comes with serial WUsseon ote ER TUISHOR and Ethernet communication capability for users to load the Factory Default Image file The Mini File System will only be activated if the boot loader fails to load the Linux Kernel amp Root User Root Fi
40. ation make sure your CGI file is executable 192 168 3 127 PuTTY root M usr www cgi bin ls al drwxr xr x 2 root root 0 Aug drwxr xr x 5 root root 0 Nov IWXI XI X 1 root root 268 Dec r WXI XI X 1 root root 757 Aug root Moxa usr www cgi bin 4 4 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Communications IPTABLES IPTABLES is an administrative tool for setting up maintaining and inspecting the Linux kernel s IP packet filter rule tables Several different tables are defined with each table containing built in chains and user defined chains Each chain is a list of rules that apply to a certain type of packet Each rule specifies what needs to be done with a matching packet A rule such as a jump to a user defined chain in the same table is called a target The DA 660 supports 3 types of IPTABLES table Filter tables NAT tables and Mangle tables A Filter Table includes three chains INPUT chain OUTPUT chain FORWARD chain B NAT Table includes three chains PREROUTING chain transfers the destination IP address DNAT POSTROUTING chain works after the routing process and before the Ethernet device process to transfer the source IP address SNAT OUTPUT chain produces local packets sub tables Source NAT SNAT changes the first source packet IP address Destination NAT DNAT changes the first destination packet IP address MASQUERADE a special form for SNAT If one host can conn
41. be ou F amp F WN FB iptables NAT Area Private IP gt proc sys net ipv4 ip forward ip tables ip conntrack iptable nat ipt MASQUERADE t nat A POSTROUTING o ixp0 j MASQUERADE 4 9 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Communications Enabling NAT at Bootup In the most real world situations you will want to use a simple shell script to enable NAT when the DA 660 boots up The following script is an example bin bash If you put this shell script in the home nat sh Remember to chmod 744 home nat sh Edit the rc local file to make this shell startup automatically vi etc rc d rc local Add a line in the end of rc local home nat sh EXIF eth0 This is an external interface for setting up a valid IP address EXNET 192 168 4 0 24 d This is an internal network address 4 Step 1 Insert modules dE db dE Gb Here 2 dev null means the standard error messages will be dump to null device modprobe ip tables 2 dev null modprobe ip nat ftp 2 dev null modprobe ip nat irc 2 dev null modprobe ip conntrack 2 dev null modprobe ip conntrack ftp 2 dev null modprobe ip conntrack irc 2 dev null Step 2 Define variables enable routing and erase default rules PATH bin sbin usr bin usr sbin usr local bin usr local sbin export PATH echo 1 proc sys net ipv4 ip forward sbin iptables F sbin iptables X sbin iptables Z sbin iptables F t nat sbin iptables
42. bin telnetd ftp stream tcp nowait root bin ftpd 1 Disabling the Telnet FTP server Disable the daemon by placing a in front of the first character of the row to comment out the line telnet stream tcp nowait root bin telnetd ftp stream tcp nowait root bin ftpd 1 The DA 660 supports the DNS client but not the DNS server To set up the DNS client you need to edit three configuration files etc hosts etc resolv conf and etc nsswitch conf etc hosts This is the first file that the Linux system reads to resolve the host name and IP address etc resolv conf This is the most important file that you need to edit when using DNS for the other programs For example before using ntpdate time nist goc to update the system time you will need to add the DNS server address to the file Ask your network administrator for the DNS server address to use The DNS server s IP address is specified with the nameserver command For example add the following line to etc resolv conf if the DNS server s IP address is 168 95 1 1 nameserver 168 95 1 10 10 120 53 100 PuTTY root Moxa etc cat resolv conf T resolv conf This file is the resolver configuration file See resolver 5 nameserver 192 168 1 16 nameserver 168 95 1 1 nameserver 140 115 1 31 nameserver 140 115 236 10 root Moxa etc etc nsswitch conf This file defines the sequence of files to be read to resolve the IP address etc hosts
43. ch are named after accounts in etc passwd Cron wakes up every minute and checks each command to see if it should be run in the current minute When executing commands output is mailed to the owner of the crontab or to the user named in the MAILTO environment variable in the crontab if such a user exists Modify the file etc cron d crontab to set up your scheduled applications Crontab files have the following format mm h dom mon dow user command month hour date month week user command 0 59 0 23 1 31 1 12 0 6 0 is Sunday The following example demonstrates how to use Cron How to use cron to update the system time and RTC time every day at 8 00 STEP1 Write a shell script named fixtime sh and save it to home bin sh ntpdate time nist gov hwclock systohc exit 0 STEP2 Change mode of fixtime sh chmod 755 fixtime sh STEP3 Modify etc cron d crontab file to run fixtime sh at 8 00 every day Add the following line to the end of crontab 8 root home fixtime sh STEP4 Enable the cron daemon manually etc init d cron start STEPS Enable cron when the system boots up Add the following line in the file etc init d rc local etc init d cron start Timezone Setting Two methods are available for configuring the timezone setting 1 Using the TZ variable TZ standardHH MM SS daylight HH MM SS startdate starttime enddate endtime The tim
44. der Remember to choose VT100 as the terminal type Use the cable provided CBL RJ45F9 150 to connect to the serial console port Telnet Reminder When connecting to the DA 660 over a LAN you must configure your PC s Ethernet IP address to be on the same subnet as the DA 660 you wish to contact If you do not get connected on the first try re check the serial and IP settings and then unplug and re plug the DA 660 s power cord 2 3 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Getting Started SSH Console The DA 660 supports an SSH Console to offer users with better security options Windows Users Click the link http www chiark greenend org uk sgtatham putty download html to download PuTTY free software to set up an SSH console for the DA 660 in a Windows environment The following figure shows a simple example of the configuration that is required gt PuIIY Configuration Category i Session Basic options for your PuTTY session T Wed Specify your connection by host name or IP address gt Termin Keyboard Host Name ce IP address Port Bell 192 168 27 122 2 Features Protocot B Window O Baw Olemet Ohlogn SSH earance Pee Load save or delete a stored session Translation Saved Sessions Selection Embedded Computer Colours D efauk Seltings E Connechon 192158 27 1 2 zs Telnet Ringe SSH Kex A Close window on exit e imu O Always ONever Onl on clean ext Tunnels v Linux Users From a Lin
45. e sbin ifconfig The folder ifconfig may be located elsewhere depending on your distribution You should be able to see all the network interfaces that are UP pppO should be one of them and you should recognize the first IP address as your own and the P t P address or point to point address the address of your server The output is similar to the following lo Link encap Local Loopback inet addr 127 0 0 1 Beast 127 255 255 255 Mask 255 0 0 0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU 2000 Metric 1 RX packets 0 errors 0 dropped 0 overrun 0 pppO Link encap Point to Point Protocol inet addr 192 76 32 3 P t P 129 67 1 165 Mask 255 255 255 0 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING MTU 1500 Metric 1 RX packets 33 errors 0 dropped 0 overrun 0 TX packets 42 errors 0 dropped 0 overrun 0 Now type ping z z z z where z z z z is the address of your name server This should work The output is similar to the following waddington p ping 129 67 1 165 PING 129 67 1 165 129 67 1 165 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 129 67 1 165 icmp_seq 0 ttl 225 time 268 ms 64 bytes from 129 67 1 165 icmp_seq 1 ttl 225 time 247 ms 64 bytes from 129 67 1 165 icmp_seq 2 ttl 225 time 266 ms AC 129 67 1 165 ping statistics 3 packets transmitted 3 packets received 0 packet loss 4 12 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Communications round trip min avg max 247 260 268 ms waddington Try typing netstat nr This should show three routes similar to t
46. e kept by the local machine should be a universal standard representation such as Greenwich Mean Time GMT or Universal Time Coordinated UTC which we refer to collectively as the universal reference time For personal computers that do not share data 3 9 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux across time zones the local time is an adequate standard To support a universal standard all MKS utilities assume that times stored in the file system and returned by the operating system are stored in the universal reference time and then translated to local times The mapping from the universal reference time to local time is specified by the TZ time zone environment variable If left undefined the TZ variable defaults to the current time zone setting of your operating system Here are some possible settings for the North American Eastern time zone TZ EST5EDT TZ ESTOEDT TZ ESTO In the first case the reference time is GMT and the stored time values are correct worldwide A simple change of the TZ variable prints local time correctly anywhere In the second case the reference time is Eastern Standard Time and the only conversion performed is for Daylight Savings Time For this reason there is no need to adjust the hardware clock for Daylight Savings Time twice a year In the third case the reference time is always the time reported This is suggested if the hardware clock on your machine automatically adjusts for Day
47. e the firmware is OK Please press any key to reboot system Loading Factory Defaults The easiest way to load factory defaults is to update the firmware follow the instructions in the previous section to upgrade the firmware Note that if your user file is not working properly the system will mount the Mini File System In this case you will need to load factory defaults to resume normal operation Enabling and Disabling Daemons The following daemons are enabled when the DA 660 boots up for the first time snmp SNMP Agent daemon telnetd Telnet Server Client daemon inetd Internet Daemons ftpd FTP Server Client daemon sshd Secure Shell Server daemon httpd Apache WWW Server daemon Meios Network File System Server daemon Type the command ps ef to list all processes that are currently running DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux root Moxa cd etc root Moxa etc ps ef PID Uid VmSize Stat Command root 1296 init root keventd root ksoftirqd CPUO root kswapd root bdflush root kupdated root mtdblockd root khubd root jffs2_gcd_mtd3 root ixp425_csr root ixp425 eth0 root stdef root ixp425 eth1 root usr sbin inetd root usr sbin httpd nobody usr sbin httpd nobody usr sbin httpd 5 nobody usr sbin httpd nobody usr sbin httpd nobody usr sbin httpd bin sbin portmap 104 roo
48. ect to internet then other computers that connect to this host can connect to the Internet even if these computers does not have an actual IP address REDIRECT a special form of DNAT that re sends packets to a local host independent of the destination IP address C Mangle Table includes two chains PREROUTING chain pre processes packets before the routing process OUTPUT chain processes packets after the routing process It has three extensions TTL MARK TOS The following figure shows the IPTABLES hierarchy 4 5 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Communications Incoming Packets Mangle Table PREROUTING Chain NAT Table PREROUTING Chain Other Host Packets Mangle Table FORWARD Chain Local Host Packets Mangle Table INPUT Chain Filter Table FORWARD Chain Filter Table INPUT Chain Local Process Mangle Table OUTPUT Chain Mangle Table POSTROUTING Chain NAT Table OUTPUT Chain Filter Table OUTPUT Chain NAT Table POSTROUTING Chain Outgoing Packets The DA 660 supports the following sub modules Be sure to use the module that matches your application ip_conntrack ipt_ MARK ipt_ah ipt_state ip_conntrack_ftp ipt MASQUERADE ipt esp ipt tcpmss ipt conntrack irc ipt MIRROT ipt length ipt tos ip nat ftp ipt REDIRECT ipt limit ipt ttl NOTE The DA 660 does NOT support IPV6 and ipchains 4 6
49. ed_Wu Jared_Wu Jared_Wu Jared_Wu Jared_Wu Jared_Wu Jared_Wu Jared_Wu Jared_Wu drwxrwx rwXxr x drwxrwx rwXr x rwXr x drwXrWwX drwxrwx 1 drwXrWwX ThinkCore DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Windows Tool Chain Introduction Next enter the hello directory and invoke the make program that will execute the compilation instructions written in the Makefile to compile the hello project d ared 4 0 e 4 Oe a d a d 0 e 8 0 e a d 4 9 6 O g a d 4 9 0 e 0 b a d 4 9 fe 4 0 a a ared 4 6 e 4 e e e 4 ared 4 0 e 4 8 p d a d 42949 9 0 e 4 06 d ared 4 0 e 4 06 d hello a b b le a a b b le p a a b b b db deb ake e R D ello debug ello release O After that use FTP to upload the executable file to the UC and then run the executable ee ftp gt bye ftp 192 168 14 9 Connected to 192 168 14 9 220 Moxa FTP server Version wu 2 6 1 2 Mon Nov 24 12 17 04 CST 2003 ready User lt 192 168 14 9 lt none gt gt root 331 Password required for root Password 230 User root logged in ftp gt bin 200 PORT command successful 150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for hello release 226 Transfer complete ftp 2744 bytes sent in 0 00Seconds 2744000 00Kbytes sec ftp gt bye 221 You have transferred 2744 bytes in 1 files 221 Total traffic for this session was 3131 bytes in 1 transfers 221 Thank you for using the FTP service on Moxa 221 Goodbye
50. eld package names are arranged by Category Full Partial according to the View by button When viewing by Category click the plus sign to open or close the packages under that category This is the same list you see in flat form when viewing by Full Partial By default named packages are installed Install If the package was not previously installed select this option to install the package now Reinstall If the package was previously installed select this option to install it again This will overwrite the previous installation Uninstall If the package was previously installed select this option if you do NOT want to make any changes e Skip Ignores a package entirely regardless of whether it was previously installed or uninstalled Packages marked Skip are omitted from the Partial display 4 The Progress window will appear The installer will install all packages that were selected This process could take from 5 to 30 minutes depending on the speed of your system When the installation is complete the Complete the Installation window will appear B 4 ThinkCore DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Windows Tool Chain Introduction a 8 Moxa Setup Progress This page displays the progress of the installation Installing xscale be 1 0 1 ust local xscale_be armySteb montaviste inuxeaby sys include Progress El Total E Disk Sa 5 Select the Create icon on Desktop option to place a Moxa BASH Shell
51. envpn secrouter key cipher DES EDE3 CBC auth MD5 tun mtu 1500 tun mtu extra 64 ping 40 ifconfig 192 168 2 173 192 168 4 174 up etc openvpn A tun sh Then modify the routing table in etc openvpn tun sh script file bin sh value after net is the subnet behind the remote peer route add net 192 168 4 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 gw 5 d end Create a configuration file named B tun conf and an executable script file named B tun sh on OpenVPN B remote 192 168 8 173 dev tun secret etc openvpn secrouter key cipher DES EDE3 CBC auth MD5 tun mtu 1500 tun mtu extra 64 ping 40 ifconfig 192 168 4 174 192 168 2 173 up etc openvpn B tun sh bin sh value after net is the subnet behind the remote peer route add net 192 168 2 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 gw 5 d end NOTE The command ifconfig defines the first argument as the local internal interface and the second argument as the internal interface at the remote peer NOTE 5 is the argument that the OpenVPN program passes to the script file Its value is the second argument of ifconfig in the configuration file 3 Check the routing table after you run the OpenVPN programs by typing the command route Destination Gateway Genmsk Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192 168 4 174 255 255 255 255 UH 0 0 0 tunO 19
52. eryone both read and write authority The root user on the client machine will have the same level of access to files on the system as the root on the server Example 2 home public 192 168 0 0 24 rw ro In this example the DA 660 shares the directory home public to a local network 192 168 0 0 24 with read and write authority Other NFS clients can just read home public they do not have write authority Example 3 home test 192 168 3 100 rw In this example the DA 660 shares the directory home test to an NFS Client 192 168 3 100 with both read and write authority After editing the NFS Server configuration file remember to use the following command to restart and activate the NFS server etc init d nfs user server restart Setting up the DA 660 as a NFS Client Use the following procedure is used to mount a remote NFS Server 1 Scan the NFS Server s shared directory 2 Establish a mount point on the NFS Client site 3 Mount the remote directory to a local directory Step 1 showmount e HOST showmount Show the mount information for an NFS Server e Show the NFS Server s export list HOST IP address or DNS address Steps 2 amp 3 mkdir p home nfs public 4 16 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Communications Mail NOTE SNMP mount t nfs NFS Server IP directory mount point Example mount t nfs 192 168 3 100 home public home nfs public smtpclient is a minimal SM
53. fg ethl ifcfg_vpn while read f1 f2 3 f4 r3 do if f1l iface a f2 iface a f3 inet a f4 static then i expr 0 while do if i gt 5 then break fi i expr i 1 read f1 f2 case fl in address IPADDR f2 rr netmask NETMASK f2 broadcast BROADCAST f2 P esac done break fi done etc network interfaces get the ip address of the specified interface mname module up oIFS SIFS IFS FOUND no for LINE in lsmod do TOK echo LINE cut d f1 if TOK mname then FOUND yes break 4 19 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Communications fi done IFS SoIFS if FOUND no then modprobe mname fi start ifcfg_vpn if d dev net then mkdir dev net fi if r dev net tun then create a device file if there is none mknod dev net tun c 10 200 fi load modules tun and bridge mname tun module up mname bridge module up create an ethernet bridge to connect tap devices brctl addbr br0 brctl addif br0 iface internal interface the bridge receives data from any port and forwards it to other ports i expr 0 while do generate a tap0 interface on tun openvpn mktun dev tap i connect tap device to the bridge brctl addif br0 tap i null ip address of tap device ifconfig tap i 0 0 0 0 promisc up i expr i
54. fine RS422 MODE 2 define RS485 AWIRE MODE 3 1 Function MOXA SET OP MODE int ioctl fd MOXA SET OP MODE amp mode Description Sets the interface mode The mode in parameter 3 will be passed to the UART device driver which will change to it 2 Function MOXA GET OP MODE int ioctl fd MOXA GET OP MODE amp mode Description Gets the interface mode The mode will be returned in parameter 3 There are two Moxa private ioctl commands for setting up special baudrates Function MOXA SET SPECIAL BAUD RATE Function MOXA GET SPECIAL BAUD RATE If you use this ioctl to set a special baudrate the termios cflag will be B4000000 in which case the B4000000 defined will be different If the baudrate you get from termios or from calling tcgetattr is B4000000 you must call ioctl with MOXA GET SPECIAL BAUD RATE to get the actual baudrate Example to set the baudrate include moxadevice h include termios h struct termios term int fd speed fd open dev ttyM0 O_RDWR tcgetattr fd amp term term c cflag amp CBAUD CBAUDEX term c cflag B4000000 tcsetattr fd TCSANOW amp term speed 500000 ioctl fd MOXA SET SPECIAL BAUD RATE amp speed Example to get the baudrate include moxadevice h include termios h struct termios term int fd speed fd open dev ttyM0 O_RDWR tcgetattr fd amp term if term c cflag amp CBAUD CBAUDEX B4000000
55. fradead org Software Package Redboot 137 Monta Vista embedded Linux 2 4 18 Protocol Stack ARP PPP CHAP PAP IPv4 ICMP TCP UDP DHCP FTP SNMP V1 V3 HTTP NTP NFS SMTP SSH 1 0 2 0 SSL Telnet PPPoE OpenVPN File System OS shell command bash Busybox Linux normal command utility collection Utilities telnet telnet client program ftp FTP client program smtpclient email utility scp Secure file transfer Client Program Daemons pppd dial in out over serial port daemon snmpd snmpd agent daemon telnetd telnet server daemon inetd TCP server manager program ftpd ftp server daemon apache web server daemon sshd secure shell server nfs user server network file system server openssl open SSL Linux Tool Chain GCC 332 GDB V5 Glibe V2 2 5 POSIX standard C library GCC 332 Windows environment source level debug utility 1 4 2 Getting Started In this chapter we explain how to connect the DA 660 turn on the power and then get started using the programming and other functions The following topics are covered in this chapter OU Powering on the DA 660 Q Connecting the DA 660 to a PC Serial Console gt Telnet Console SSH Console Q Configuring the Ethernet Interface gt Modifying Network Settings with the Serial Console gt Modifying Network Settings over the Network OU Test Program Developing Hello c gt Installing the Tool Chain Lin
56. ges are incorporated into new editions of the publication Technical Support Contact Information www moxa com support Moxa Americas Moxa China Shanghai office Toll free 1 888 669 2872 Toll free 800 820 5036 Tel 41 714 528 6777 Tel 86 21 5258 9955 Fax 1 714 528 6778 Fax 86 10 6872 3958 Moxa Europe Moxa Asia Pacific Tel 449 89 3 70 03 99 0 Tel 886 2 8919 1230 Fax 49 89 3 70 03 99 99 Fax 886 2 8919 1231 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Table of Contents In tTOQU C a Lo y IPP pan au Parre re rna eiA eok E tiho T aeon P eaa Asaia TERATE RETER 1 1 AP ics cocci n 1 2 Software Architecture oe emp Rte Pert Rp bere teri 1 2 Journaling Flash File System JFFS2 eee rennen 1 3 Software Package nitore cate a d e teer En laos 1 4 Getting Started oce iei daa 2 1 P wenng onthe DA 600 1 e epe RU RE UE CR E Pe rre ena 2 2 Connecting the DA 660 to PE ninnisi ger ten ain a cR epets 2 2 Serial Console aet eR e ero e qe ei creo ie ied 2 2 Telnet Console entente teme ed e ep ti er be ER eta 2 3 SSH Console 51e epe a cte tte e iR RES 2 4 Configuring the Ethernet Interface ooonconicninnncnonnnonocnnonnoncnncnnconono nono nennen ener rennen 2 5 Modifying Network Settings with the Serial Console eese 2 5 Modifying Network Settings over the Network eee 2 6 Test Program De
57. handle Input int fd the file handle from swtd_open return value Output The output will be zero if everything is OK Any other value indicates an error Use the errno function to get the actual error description Special Note When you kill the application with 9 or kill without any option or kill with a Ctrl c the kernel will auto acknowledge the Watch Dog When your application enables the Watch Dog and does not acknowledge it your application may have a logical error or your application has made a core dump The kernel will not auto acknowledge this This can cause a serious problem causing your system to reboot again and again User application example Example 1 include lt stdio h gt include lt stdlib h gt include lt string h gt include lt moxadevice h gt int main int argc char argv int fd fd swtd_open if fd lt 0 printf Open sWatchDog device fail n exit 1 swtd_enable fd 5000 enable it and set it 5 seconds while 1 do user application want to do swtd_ack fd swtd_close fd exit 0 The makefile is shown below all mxscaleb gcc o xxxx xxxx c lmoxalib 5 7 DA 660 8 16 LXUser s Manual Programmer s Guide Example 2 include lt stdio h gt include lt stdlib h gt include lt signal h gt include lt string h gt include sys stat h include sys ioctl h include lt sys select h gt include lt
58. hat is connected to the ADSL modem LAN port The example above uses LANI To use LAN2 type pppd ethl 9 Type ifconfig ppp0 to check if the connection is OK or has failed If the connection is OK you will see information about the pppO setting for the IP address Use ping to test the IP 10 If you want to disconnect it use the kill command to kill the pppd process NFS Network File System NOTE The Network File System NFS is used to mount a disk partition on a remote machine as if it were on a local hard drive allowing fast seamless sharing of files across a network NFS allows users to develop applications for the DA 660 without worrying about the amount of disk space that will be available The DA 660 supports the NFS protocol for both client and server Click the following links for more information about NFS http www tldp org HOWTO NFS HOWTO index html http nfs sourceforge net nfs howto client html http nfs sourceforge net nfs howto server html Setting up the DA 660 as a NFS Server By default the DA 660 enables the NFS service etc init d nfs user server The service link file S25nfs user server is located in the directory rc d rc2 d rc5 d Edit the NFS server configuration file etc exports to set up the remote host NFS client list and access rights for a specific directory The file formats are shown below dvi etc exports File Format directory machinel optionll option12 machine2 option21 opt
59. he following Kernel routing table Destination iface Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use 129 67 1 165 pppO 0 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 UH 0 0 6 127 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 0 0 0 U 0 0 0 lo 0 0 0 0 pppO 129 67 1 165 0 0 0 0 UG 0 0 6298 If your output looks similar but does not have the destination 0 0 0 0 line which refers to the default route used for connections you may have run pppd without the defaultroute option At this point you can try using Telnet FTP or finger bearing in mind that you will have to use numeric IP addresses unless you ve set up etc resolv conf correctly Setting up a Machine for Incoming PPP Connections PPPoE This first example applies to using a modem and requiring authorization with a username and password pPPd dev ttyMO 115200 crtscts modem 192 168 16 1 192 168 16 2 login auth You should also add the following line to the file etc ppp pap secrets wer The first star lets everyone login The second star lets every host connect The pair of double quotation marks is to use the file etc passwd to check the password The last star is to let any IP connect The following example does not check the username and password pPPd dev ttyMO 115200 crtscts modem 192 168 16 1 192 168 16 2 1 Connect the DA 660 s LAN port to an ADSL modem with a cross over cable HUB or switch 2 Login to the DA 660 as the root user 3 Edit the file etc ppp chap secrets and add the foll
60. he system will reboot Kernel boot User application running and enable user acknowledgement The user API The user application must include lt moxadevic h gt and link moxalib a A Makefile example is shown below all mxscaleb gcc o xxxx xxxx c lmoxalib int swtd open void Description Open the file handle to control the sWatch Dog Keep the file handle to do other operations Input None Output The return value is the file handle In case of an error it will return a value 0 You can get the error from errno int swtd enable int fd unsigned long time Description Enables the Watch Dog for the application The application must acknowledge this else the system will reboot Input int fd the file handle from the swtd open return value unsigned long time The time you wish to acknowledge the Watch Dog periodically You must acknowledge the Watch Dog before timeout If you do not the system will be rebooted automatically The minimal time is 50 msec the maximum time is 60 seconds The time unit is msec 5 5 DA 660 8 16 LXUser s Manual Programmer s Guide Output The output will be zero if everything is OK Any other value indicates an error Use the errno function to get the actual error description int swtd_disable int fd Description Disable the application Watch Dog The kernel will auto acknowledge the action Input int fd the file handle from swtd open return value
61. heck if the program is running 1 Running tcps2 release amp root Moxa ps ef PID Uid VmSize Stat Command root 1296 S init root keventd root ksoftirqd_CPU0 root kswapd root bdflush root kupdated root mtdblockad root khubd 10 root j fs2 gcd mtd3 32 root ixp425_csr 34 root ixp425 eth0 36 root ixp425 eth1 38 root stdef 46 root usr sbin inetd 52 root usr sbin httpd 53 nobody usr sbin httpd 54 nobody usr sbin httpd 64 nobody usr sbin httpd 65 nobody usr sbin httpd 66 nobody usr sbin httpd 88 bin sbin portmap 100 root usr sbin rpc statd 104 root usr sbin snmpd s 1 dev null 106 root usr sbin snmptrapd s 135 root sbin cardmgr 139 root usr sbin rpc nfsd 141 root usr sbin rpc mountd 148 root usr sbin sshd 156 root bin reportip 157 root sbin getty 115200 ttyso 158 root sbin getty 115200 ttysl 162 root usr sbin sshd 163 root bash 169 root ftpd 192 168 3 110 root IDLE 187 root tcps2 release 188 root ps ef root Moxa v ouuououucduuuduuuduuxmgytutututuoutouuoudoouuduuutu NOTE Use the kill 9 command for PID 187 to terminate this program kill 9 187 2 12 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Getting Started Testing Procedure Summary NOTE Compile tcps2 c make Upload and run tcps2 release in the background tcps2 release amp Check that the process is running jobs or ps ef Use a serial cable to connect PCI to the DA 660 s first ser
62. hould generate a working directory such as etc openvpn where script files and key files reside Once established all operations will be performed in that directory Setup 1 Ethernet Bridging for Private Networks on Different Subnets 1 Set up four machines as shown in the following diagram local net LANI 192 168 2 173 LANI 192 168 2 171 LAN2 192 168 8 173 Internet LANI 192 168 8 174 LANI 192 168 4 172 _ LAN2 192 168 4174 local net 4 18 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Communications Host A B represents one of the machines that belongs to OpenVPN A B The two remote subnets are configured for a different range of IP addresses When this setup is moved to a public network the external interfaces of the OpenVPN machines should be configured for static IPs or connect to another device such as a firewall or DSL box first openvpn genkey secret secrouter key Copy the file that is generated to the OpenVPN machine 2 The openvpn bridge script file located at etc openvpn reconfigures interface eth1 as IP less creates logical bridge s and TAP interfaces loads modules enables IP forwarding etc bin sh iface ethl defines the internal interface maxtap expr 1 defines the number of tap devices I e of tunnels IPADDR NETMASK BROADCAST it is not a great idea but this system doesn t support etc sysconfig network scripts ifc
63. ial port Use an Ethernet cable to connect PC2 to the DA 660 On PCI If running Windows use HyperTerminal 38400 n 8 1 to open COMn On PC2 Type telnet 192 168 3 127 4001 On PCI Type some text and then press Enter On PC2 The text you typed on PC1 will appear on PC2 s screen S oO Sy UG Em C9 B3 L2 The testing environment is illustrated in the following figure However note that there are limitations to the example program tcps2 c Serial Rx Buffer LAN Rx Buffer The tcps2 c application is a simple example designed to give users a basic understanding of the concepts involved in combining Ethernet communication and serial port communication However the example program has some limitations that make it unsuitable for real life applications The serial port is in canonical mode and block mode making it impossible to send data from the Ethernet side to the serial side i e from PC 2 to PC 1 in our example 2 The Ethernet side will not accept multiple connections 2 13 3 Managing Embedded Linux This chapter includes information about version control deployment updates and peripherals The information in this chapter is particularly useful when you need to run the same application on several DA 660 units The following topics are covered in this chapter OU System Version Information OU System Image Backup gt Upgrading the Firmware gt Loading Factory Defaults Enabling
64. icon on your desktop and then click Finish Moxa Linux Tool Cham Setup Create Icons Create Icons To create a icon for convenient access to the Moxa Linux Tool Chain IV Create icon on Desktop 6 Click OK to close the Installation Complete window Moxa Setup fx Installation Complete Using the BASH Shell A command line interface is used to develop applications with the tool chain To access the command line you need to launch a BASH shell window To open a BASH shell window choose Start Menu gt Programs gt UC Tool Chain gt Moxa Bash Shell or click the Moxa Bash Shell icon on your desktop B 5 ThinkCore DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Windows Tool Chain Introduction Your group is currently mkpasswd The etc passwd and possibly etc group See the man pages for mkpasswd and mkgroup then gt etc passwd gt etc group mkpasswd 1 mkpasswd 1 d a This indicates that files should be rebuil for example ru Note that the d switch is necessary for domain users ls al total 9 drwxr xr x drwxr xr x drwxr xr x drwxr xr x rw r r drwxr xr x A rw r r drwxr xr x stephen_ stephen_ stephen_ stephen_ stephen_ stephen_ stephen_ stephen_ stephen_ mkpasswd mkpasswd mkpasswd mkpasswd mkpasswd mkpasswd mkpasswd mkpasswd mkpasswd 2 24 S24 3s 48 bin 24 etc Jan 10 19 Jan 10 22 Jan 10 22 Jan 10 19 2 3 insight ico 4
65. iler counterparts but with an additional prefix that specifies the target system In the case of x86 environments the prefix is 1386 linux and in the case of the DA 660 Xscale boards it is mxscaleb For example the native C compiler is gcc and the cross C compiler for Xscale in DA 660 is mxscaleb gcc The following cross compiler tools are provided ar Manage archives static libraries as Assembler C gt C compiler cpp C preprocessor gcc C compiler gdb Debugger Id Linker nm Lists symbols from object files objcopy Copies and translates object files objdump Displays information about object files ranlib Generates indexes to archives static libraries readelf Displays information about ELF files size Lists object file section sizes strings Prints strings of printable characters from files usually object files strip Removes symbols and sections from object files usually debugging information Debugging with GDB First compile the program must with option ggdb Use the following steps 1 To debug a program called hello debug on the target use the command gdbserver 192 168 4 142 2000 hello debug This is where 2000 is the network port number on which the server waits for a connection from the client This can be any available port number on the target Following this is the name of the program to be debugged hello debug plus that program s arguments Out
66. ion22 directory The directory that will be shared with the NFS Client machinel and machine2 Client machines that will have access to the directory A machine can be listed by its DNS address or IP address e g machine company com or 192 168 0 8 optionxx The option list for a machine describes the kind of access the machine will have Important options are ro Read only This is the default rw Readable and Writeable 4 15 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Communications NOTE no_root_squash If no_root_squash is selected then the root on the client machine will have the same level of access to files on the system as the root on the server This can have serious security implications although it may be necessary if you want to do administrative work on the client machine that involves the exported directories You should only specify this option when you have a good reason root_squash Any file request made by the user root on the client machine is treated as if it is made by user nobody on the server Exactly which UID the request is mapped to depends on the UID of user nobody on the server not the client sync Sync data to memory and flash disk async The async option instructs the server to lie to the client telling the client that all data has been written to the stable storage Example 1 tmp rw no root squash In this example the DA 660 shares the tmp directory with everyone and gives ev
67. ku rootfMoxa eto init df State OPEN s D A EE ZZ If there is not enough Available space for your application you will need to delete some existing files To do this connect your PC to the DA 660 with the console cable and then use the console utility to delete the files from the DA 660 s flash memory NOTE If the flash memory is full you will need to free up some memory space before saving files to the Flash ROM 2 7 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Getting Started Compiling Hello c NOTE The package CD contains several example programs Here we use Hello c as an example to show you how to compile and run your applications Type the following commands from your PC to copy the files used for this example from the CD to your computer s hard drive cd tmp mkdir example cp r mnt cdrom example tmp example To compile the program go to the Hello subdirectory and issue the following commands cd example hello make You should receive the following response root localhost hello make usr local mxscaleb bin mxscaleb gcc o hello release hello c usr local mxscaleb bin mxscaleb strip s hello release usr local mxscaleb bin mxscaleb gcc ggdb o hello debug hello c root localhost hello _ Next execute the hello exe file to generate hello release and hello debug which are described below hello release an IXP platform execution file created specifically to run on the DA 660
68. le System Boot Loader HW To improve system reliability the DA 660 has a built in mechanism that prevents the system from crashing The procedure is as follows When the Linux kernel boots up the kernel will mount the root file system and then enable services and daemons During this time the kernel will start searching for system configuration parameters via rc or inittab Normally the kernel uses the User Root File System to boot up the system The Mini Root File System is protected and cannot be changed by the user and thus provides a safe zone The kernel will only use the Mini Root File System when the User Root File System crashes For more information about the memory map and programming in DA 660 refer to Chapter 5 Programmer s Guide Journaling Flash File System JFFS2 The User Root File System in the flash memory is formatted with the Journaling Flash File System JFFS2 The formatting process places a compressed file system in the flash memory transparent to the user The Journaling Flash File System JFFS2 which was developed by Axis Communications in Sweden places a file system directly on the flash instead of emulating a block device It is designed for use on flash ROM chips and recognizes the special write requirements of a flash ROM chip JFFS2 implements wear leveling to extend the life of the flash disk and stores the flash directory structure in the RAM A log structured file system is maintained at a
69. light Savings Time or you insist on manually resetting the hardware time twice a year Other examples include TZ NST3 30NDT2 00 TZ MSEZ 1 The first applies to Newfoundland whereas the second works in most of Western Europe Here are some time zone scenarios that involve Daylight Savings Time specifications TZ PSTOPDT 1 TZ ACST 09 30ACDT 10 30 M10 5 0 2 00 M3 5 0 2 00 The first scenario shows the TZ of a person in Seattle who stores local time on a PC but does not adjust the clock to agree with Daylight Savings Time The stated time zone precedes the machine clock time by one hour when Daylight Savings Time is in effect The second scenario shows the TZ set by a person in Australia who sets a PC clock to UTC and never adjusts it The machine clock precedes UTC by 9 5 hours when Daylight Savings Time is not in effect and by 10 5 hours when it is in effect Daylight Savings Time is in effect from 2 00 am on the last Sunday in October until 2 00 am on the last Sunday in March To cause the timezone setting to be activated after the DA 660 reboots add the line export TZ your timezone setting to the file etc rc d rc local 2 How to use the file etc localtime The local timezone is stored in etc localtime and is used by GNU Library for C glibc if the TZ environment variable is not set This file is either a copy of the usr share zoneinfo tree or a symbolic link to it The DA 660 does not provide use share zoneinfo files s
70. ll times The system is always consistent even if it encounters crashes or improper power downs and does not require fsck file system check on boot up JFFS2 is the newest version of JFFS It provides improved wear leveling and garbage collection performance improved RAM footprint and response to system memory pressure improved concurrency and support for suspending flash erases marking of bad sectors with continued use of the remaining good sectors that enhances the write life of the devices native data compression inside the file system design and support for hard links The key features of JFFS2 are Targets the Flash ROM directly Robustness Consistency across power failures No integrity scan fsck is required at boot time after normal or abnormal shutdown Explicit wear leveling e Transparent compression Although JFFS2 is a journaling file system it does not exclude the loss of data The file system will remain in a consistent state across power failures and will always be mountable However if the board is powered down during a write operation then the incomplete write operation will be rolled back on the next boot but write operations that have already been completed will not be 1 3 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Introduction affected Additional information about JFFS2 is available at http sources redhat com jffs2 jffs2 pdf http developer axis com software jffs http www linux mtd in
71. nd to set the RTC time hwclock w Write current system time to RTC The following figure illustrates how to update the system time and set the RTC time DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux 192 168 3 127 PUTTY root Moxa date Eri Jun 23 23 30 91 CST 2000 root Moxa hwclock Fri Jun 23 23 30 35 2000 0 557748 seconds root Moxa date 120910002004 Thu Dec 9 10 00 00 CST 2004 root Moxa hwclock w root Moxa date hwclock Thu Dec 9 10 01 07 CST 2004 Thu Dec 9 10 01 08 2004 0 933547 seconds root Moxa NTP Client The DA 660 has a built in NTP Network Time Protocol client that is used to initialize a time request to a remote NTP server Use ntpdate lt this client utility gt to update the system time ntpdate time stdtime gov tw hwclock w Visit http www ntp org for more information about NTP and NTP server addresses 10 120 53 100 PuTTY root Moxa date hwclock Sat Jan 1 00 00 36 CST 2000 Sat Jan 1 00 00 37 2000 0 772941 seconds root Moxa ntpdate time stdtime gov tw 9 Dec 10 58 53 ntpdate 207 step time server 220 130 158 52 offset 155905087 984256 sec root Moxa hwclock w root Moxa date hwclock Thu Dec 9 10 59 11 CST 2004 Thu Dec 9 10 59 12 2004 0 844076 seconds root Moxa NOTE Before using the NTP client utility check your IP and DNS settings to make sure that an Internet connection is available Refer to Chapter 2 for instruc
72. o you will need to copy a time zone information file to the DA 660 and write over the original local time file The usr share zoneinfo folder on a PC that is running standard Linux contains several time zone information files Copy the time zone file that you want to use to the DA 660 and write over the original etc localtime file Type the date to check if the new time zone appears 3 10 4 Managing Communications In this chapter we explain how to configure the DA 660 s various communication functions The following topics are covered in this chapter Telnet FTP DNS Web Service A pache IPTABLES NAT NAT Example gt Enabling NAT at Bootup Dial up Service PPP PPPoE NFS Network File System Setting up the DA 660 as a NFS Server gt Setting up the DA 660 as a NFS Client Mail SNMP OpenVPN OOocoo Ooo Ooo DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Communications Telnet FTP DNS In addition to supporting Telnet client server and FTP client server the DA 660 also supports SSH and SFTP client server To enable or disable the Telnet FTP server you first need to edit the file etc inetd conf Enabling the Telnet FTP server The following example shows the default content of the file etc inetd conf The default is to enable the Telnet ftp server discard dgram udp wait root bin discard discard stream tcp nowait root bin discard telnet stream tcp nowait root
73. onnect script finishes for a valid PPP packet from the peer At the end of this time or when a valid PPP packet is received from the peer pppd will commence negotiation by sending its first LCP packet The default value is 1000 1 second This wait period only applies if the connect or pty option is used fconnect delay n f Load the pppoe plugin plugin pppoe so End of File 6 Add one of two files etc ppp options eth0 or etc ppp options eth1l The choice depends on is the LAN that is connected to the ADSL modem If you use LANI to connect to the ADSL modem then add etc ppp options eth0 If you use LAN2 to connect to the ADSL modem then add etc ppp options eth1 The file context is shown below The content of the file is as follows name username hinet net mtu 1492 mru 1492 defaultroute noipdefault Type your username the one you set in the etc ppp pap secrets and etc ppp chap secrets files after the name option You may add other options as desired 7 Setup DNS If you are using DNS servers supplied by your ISP edit the file etc resolv conf by adding the following lines of code nameserver ip addr of first dns server 4 14 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Communications nameserver ip_addr_of_second_dns_server For example nameserver 168 95 1 1 nameserver 139 175 10 20 8 Use the following command to create a pppoe connection pppd ethO The ethO is w
74. ost A by typing 4 22 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Communications ping 192 168 4 174 A successful ping indicates that you have created a VPN system that only allows authorized users from one internal network to access users at the remote site For this system all data is transmitted by UDP packets on port 5000 between OpenVPN peers 7 To shut down OpenVPN programs type the command etc openvpn openvpn bridge stop Setup 2 Ethernet Bridging for Private Networks on the Same Subnet 1 Setup four machines as shown in the following diagram local net LANI 192 168 2 173 LANI 192 168 2 171 LAN2 192 168 8 173 Internet LANI 192 168 8 174 LANI 192 168 4 172 LAN2 192 168 4 174 local net 2 The configuration procedure is almost the same as for the previous example The only difference is that you must comment out the parameter up in etc openvpn tap0 br conf and etc openvpn tap0 br conf Setup 3 Routed IP 1 Set up four machines as shown in the following diagram local net LANI 192 168 2 173 LANI 192 168 2 171 LAN2 192 168 8 173 Internet LANI 192 168 8 174 LANI 192 168 4 172 LAN2 192 168 4 174 local net 4 23 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Communications 2 Create a configuration file named A tun conf and an executable script file named A tun sh point to the peer remote 192 168 8 174 dev tun secret etc op
75. ou could modify the Makefile to suit your particular requirements Uploading and Running the tcps2 release Program Use the following commands to use FTP to upload tcps2 release to the DA 660 l From the PC type ftp 192 168 3 127 2 Next use the bin command to set the transfer mode to Binary and the put command to initiate the file transfer ftp bin ftp put tcps2 release 2 10 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Getting Started root serverll 1st application s ftp 192 168 3 127 Connected to 192 168 3 127 22 Moxa FTP server Version wu 2 6 1 2 Mon Nov 24 12 17 04 CST 2003 ready 530 Please login with USER and PASS 530 Please login with USER and PASS KERBEROS V4 rejected as an authentication type Name 192 168 3 127 root root 331 Password required for root Password 230 User root logged in Remote system type is UNIX Using binary mode to transfer files ftp bin 200 Type set to I ftp put tcps2 release local tcps2 release remote tcps2 release 277 Entering Passive Mode 192 168 3 127 82 2 150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for t 226 Transfer complete 4996 bytes sent in 0 00013 seconds 3 9e 04 Kbytes s ftp s 227 Entering Passive Mode 192 168 3 127 106 196 150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for bin ls 1 root root 899 Jun 10 08 11 bash_history rw r r 1 root root 4996 Jun 12 02 15 tcps2 release 226 Transfer complete ftp 53 cps2 release 3 From the DA 660 type
76. our PC The DA 660 Tool Chain is located on the DA 660 CD To install the Tool Chain insert the CD into your PC and then issue the following commands mount dev cdrom mnt cdrom rpm ivh mnt cdrom mxscaleb 3 3 2 x i386 rpm Wait for a few minutes while the Tool Chain is installed automatically on your Linux PC Once the host environment has been installed add the directory usr local mxscaleb bin to your path and the directory usr local mxscaleb man to your manual path You can do this temporarily for the current login session by issuing the following commands export PATH usr local mxscaleb bin PATH export MANPATH usr local mxscaleb man PATH Alternatively you can add the same commands to HOME bash_profile to cause it to take effect for all login sessions initiated by this user 5 2 DA 660 8 16 LXUser s Manual Programmer s Guide Obtaining help Use the Linux man utility to obtain help on many of the utilities provided by the tool chain For example to get help on the armv5b linux gcc compiler issue the command man armv5b linux gcc Cross Compiling Applications and Libraries To compile a simple C application just use the cross compiler instead of the regular compiler mxscaleb gcc o example Wall g 02 example c mxscaleb strip s example mxscaleb gcc ggdb o example debug example c Tools Available in the Host Environment Most of the cross compiler tools are the same as their native comp
77. owing username Ohinet net password f Secrets for authentication using CHAP client server secret IP addresses username hinet net is the username obtained from the ISP to log in to the ISP account password is the corresponding password for the account 4 13 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Communications 4 Edit the file etc ppp pap secrets and add the following username Ghinet net password support hostname stats hostname OUTBOUND connections ATTENTION The definitions here can allow users to login without a package already provides this option make sure you don t change that INBOUND connections Every regular user can use PPP and has to use passwords from etc passwd i hostname NW b username hinet net password PPPOE user example if you want to use it you need to unmark it and modify it username hinet net password UserIDs that cannot use PPP at all Check your etc passwd and add any other accounts that should not be able to use pppd guest hostname eq master hostname Tem root hostname wae support hostname rdc e stats hostname Tem m username hinet net is the username obtained from the ISP to log in to the ISP account password is the corresponding password for the account 5 Edit the file etc ppp options and add the following line plugin pppoe so f Wait for up n milliseconds after the c
78. put similar to the following will be sent to the console Process hello debug created pid 38 2 Use the following command on the host to change to the directory that contains hello debug cd my work directory myfilesystem testprograms 5 3 DA 660 8 16 LXUser s Manual Programmer s Guide Device 3 Enter the following command ddd debugger mxscaleb gdb hello debug amp 4 Enter the following command at the GDB DDD command prompt Target remote 192 168 4 99 2000 The command produces another line of output on the target console similar to the following Remote debugging using 192 168 4 99 2000 192 168 4 99 is the machine s IP address and 2000 is the port number You can now begin debugging in the host environment using the interface provided by DDD 5 Seta breakpoint on main by double clicking or entering b main on the command line 6 Click the cont button API The DA 660 supports control devices with the ioctl system API You will need to use include lt moxadevice h gt and use the following ioctl function int ioctl int d int request Input int d open device node return file handle int request argument in or out Use the ioctl man page for detailed documentation man ioctl RTC Real Time Clock Buzzer The device node is located at dev rtc The DA 660 supports Linux standard simple RTC control You must include lt linux rtc h gt 1 Function RTC RD TIME int ioctl fd RTC RD TIM
79. r experiencing problems or is undergoing routine maintenance If you would like to let the administrator of this website know that you ve seen this page instead of the page you expected you should send them e mail In general mail sent to the name webmaster and directed to the website s domain should reach the appropriate person For example if you experienced problems while visiting www gnomovision com you should send e mail to webmaster gnomovision com The Apache document has been included with this distribution For documentation and information on MontaVista Linux please visit the Monta Vista Software Inc website You are free to use the image below on an Apache powered Web server Thanks for using Apache Ganpowersd by l E Dione To open the default CGI page type http 192 168 3 127 cgi bin printenv in your browser s address box 4 3 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Communications T Morilla Firefox Fib Bin Yus Qo Babkmsks Took Help a fs 9 htp 0192 168 3177 p ba par Geting ected El Lent ees To open the default CGI test script report page type http 192 168 3 127 cgi bin test cgi in your browser s address box Rib Bi Vue o Bokas Took Help v E gt P htp 2192 168 3 127p beast c gn Geting oe E Lee Hess NOTE The CGI function is enabled by default If you want to disable the function modify the file etc apache conf httpd conf When you develop your own CGI applic
80. r file system was mounted correctly If the user file system is okay the kernel will change the root file system to mnt usrdisk If the user file system is not okay the kernel will use the default Moxa file system To finish the boot process run the init program 1 The default Moxa file system only enables the network and CF It lets users recover the user file system when it fails including source code and executable files as needed 3 Users can create the user file system on the PC host or target platform and then copy it to the DA 660 Linux Tool Chain Introduction To ensure that an application will be able to run correctly when installed on the DA 660 you must ensure that it is compiled and linked to the same libraries that are on the DA 660 This is particularly true when the RISC Xscale processor architecture of the DA 660 differs from the CISC x86 processor architecture of the host system but it is also true if the processor architecture is the same The host tool chain that comes with the DA 660 contains a suite of cross compilers and other tools as well as the libraries and headers that are necessary to compile applications for the DA 660 The host environment must be running Linux to install the DA 660 GNU Tool Chain We have confirmed that the following Linux distributions can be used to install the tool chain Redhat 7 3 8 0 9 0 Fedora core 1 amp 2 The Tool Chain will need about 100 MB of hard disk space on y
81. r is ideal for embedded applications This computer features a RISC CPU RAM memory and communication ports that connect to RS 232 422 485 serial devices and dual 10 100 Mbps Ethernet The Da 660 computer uses an Intel XScale IXP 422 266 Mhz RISC CPU Unlike the X86 CPU which uses a CISC design the RISC architecture and modern semiconductor technology provide this computer with a powerful computing engine and communication functions but without generating a lot of heat Built in 32 MB NOR Flash ROM and 128 MB SDRAM give you enough memory to install your application software directly on the computer In addition dual LAN ports are built right into the RISC CPU The network capability in combination with its control over serial devices makes the Da 660 an ideal communication platform for data acquisition and industrial control applications DA 660 s pre installed Linux operating system OS provides an open software operating system for your software program development Software written for desktop PCs can be easily ported to the computer with a GNU cross compiler without needing to modify the source code The OS device drivers e g Keypad LCM and Buzzer control and your own applications can all be stored in the NOR Flash memory The DA 660 Linux Series referred to as DA 660 or the target computer comes in two models the DA 660 8 LX has 8 serial ports and the DA 660 16 LX has 16 serial ports Both models have exactly the same softw
82. r sh Then modify the routing table in etc openvpn tap0 br sh script file bin sh etc openvpn tap0 br sh value after net is the subnet behind the remote peer route add net 192 168 4 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 dev br0 d end On machine OpenVPN B modify the remote address in the configuration file etc openvpn tap0 br conf etc openvpn tap0 br conf point to the peer remote 192 168 8 173 4 21 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Communications NOTE NOTE dev tap0 secret etc openvpn secrouter key cipher DES EDE3 CBC auth MD5 tun mtu 1500 tun mtu extra 64 ping 40 up etc openvpn tap0 br sh Then modify the routing table in etc openvpn tap0 br sh script file bin sh etc openvpn tap0 br sh value after net is the subnet behind the remote peer route add net 192 168 2 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 dev br0 d end Select cipher and authentication algorithms by specifying cipher and auth To see with algorithms are available type openvpn show ciphers openvpn show auths 4 After configuring the remote peer we can load the bridge into kernel reconfigure eth and enable IP forwarding on both OpenVPN machine etc openvpn openvpn bridge start Then start both of OpenVPN peers openvpn config etc openvpn tap0 br conf amp If you
83. rrent row and move the cursor to the 0 column of this row int ioctl fd IOCTL LCM GET XY lcm xy t pos Get the current cursor position The value will be returned in argument 3 int ioctl fd IOCTL LCM BACK LIGH ON NULL Turns the LCM backlight on int ioctl fd IOCTL LCM BACK LIGHT OFF NULL Turns the LCM backlight off KeyPad The device node is dev keypad The key value is defined in moxadevice h int ioctl fd IOCTL KEYPAD HAS PRESS int flag Checks how many keys have been pressed Argument 3 returns the number of pressed keys 0 means no keys were pressed int ioctl fd IOCTL KEYPAD GET KEY int key Gets the value of the last key that was pressed This function only reads one key value for each 5 10 DA 660 8 16 LXUser s Manual Programmer s Guide function call The value of the key value is returned in argument 3 Special Note 1 The DA 660 s kernel will store the pressed key history in a buffer The maximum buffer size is 31 keys If the buffer overflows the first key of the 31 keys that was pressed will be dropped without sounding the buzzer 2 Currently the DA 660 does NOT support pressing more than 1 key at the same time Makefile Example The following Makefile file example codes are copied from the Hello example on the DA 660 s CD ROM cc usr local mxscaleb mxscaleb gcc CPP usr local mxscaleb mxscaleb gcc SOURCES hello c OBJS SOURCES c 0 all hello
84. s eeeeeeeeeeeee eene eene nnne 4 1 Telnet FTP oto eret EP nO cant n 4 2 DNS vii apra necu RH n aie dana iue de on I BRA 4 2 Web Service Apache codes ptr o p tr pr RUPEE lid ais 4 3 IPTABLES coo o 4 5 NAT cuina aos panacea 4 9 NAT Example antiniebla drets Sat 4 9 Enabling NAT t Bo tup oet Greer eee 4 10 Diabup Servce PBPPa iue t Re UR See E ees 4 10 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C NES Network File System eese eerte etre tee etes dee nd eue abend EEKE eaae 4 15 Setting up the DA 660 as a NES Server sese ener 4 15 Setting up the DA 660 as a NFS Client eee essere rennen 4 16 UE 4 17 SNMP uU er i t etit uae Se i fre 4 17 Open VEN eo ih REO re reu te E t e note UR e Nee bte etus 4 18 Programmers GUIJ ate eee adi 5 1 Flash Memory Map oerte e ie EEEE poete Reden 5 2 Linux Tool Chain Introduction esssessessesseeeereeer eene enne 5 2 Debugsme with GDB ds ere ee e Cru ae et o tert e e IH 5 3 Devic ADD ie etuer re eren Ub emm dene OE D Ra dst 5 4 RTCX Real Time Clock 5 3 IRR GU ORC I ee 5 4 BUZZED os iii mE 5 4 WDT Watch Dog Timmer x RI teres P RI RE RU Ee eO iaa 5 5 A uiua pP bim da eet 5 9 TOM ee aloo N hie 5 10 KeyPad uet cO cO DOREM ER UO FRED RR REO RS 5 10 Makefile Examples isinen a aio qae iter is LE er Ae 5 11 UE PIE iaa TR 6 1
85. ses and ports iptables t tables FXZ F Flush the selected chain all the chains in the table if none is listed X Delete the specified user defined chain Z Set the packet and byte counters in all chains to zero Examples iptables L n In this example since we do not use the t parameter the system uses the default filter table Three chains are included INPUT OUTPUT and FORWARD INPUT chains are accepted automatically and all connections are accepted without being filtered iptables F iptables X iptables Z 4 7 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Communications Define policy for chain rules Usage iptables t tables P INPUT OUTPUT FORWARD PREROUTING OUTPUT POSTROUTING ACCEPT DROP P Set the policy for the chain to the given target INPUT For packets coming into the DA 660 OUTPUT For locally generated packets FORWARD For packets routed out through the DA 660 PREROUTING To alter packets as soon as they come in POSTROUTING To alter packets as they are about to be sent out Examples iptables P INPUT DROP iptables P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables t nat P PREROUTING ACCEPT iptables t nat P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables t nat P POSTROUTING ACCEPT In this example the policy accepts outgoing packets and denies incoming packets Append or delete rules Usage iptables t table AI INPUT OUTPUT FORWARD io interface
86. t usr sbin rpc statd 108 root usr sbin snmpd s 1 dev null 110 root usr sbin snmptrapd s 139 root sbin cardmgr 143 root usr sbin rpc nfsd 145 root usr sbin rpc mountd 152 root usr sbin sshd 160 root bin reportip 161 root bin massupfirm 162 root sbin getty 115200 ttyS01 163 root sbin getty 115200 ttyS1 166 root bin massupfirm 167 root bin massupfirm 170 root usr sbin sshd 171 root bash 182 root ps ef rootG8Moxa ectf w e SS UN E B OOoO JOU Ww o9 OB C uv dU Um t 0 i um uu uuu U utut U UU murtirtutuuttututa tu tuti tu To run a private daemon you can edit the file rc local as follows ed etc rc d dvi rc local root Moxa cd etc rc d root Moxa etc rc d vi rc local Next add the application daemon that you want to run to this file We use the example program tcps2 release and configure it to run in the background bin sh Add you want to run daemon root tcps2 release amp DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux View the list of enabled daemons after reboot to see whether your application daemon is enabled root Moxa ps ef PID Uid VmSize Stat Command root init root keventd root ksoftirqd CPUO0 root kswapd root bdflush root kupdated root mtdablockad root khubd root jffs2 gcd mtd3 root ixp425_csr root ixp425 eth0 root ixp425 eth1 root stdef root usr sbin inetd root usr sbin httpd
87. the network or connect directly to the serial Console port to access the DA 660 s Console utility were located Searching Searching lor UC Found 1 UC s remain timeout 3 second s No Model MAC Address lPAd es W341 00 90 E8 400411 192168 13 23 When the search is complete the same information is displayed in the UC Finder window File Function About 2 Broadcast Search No Mode Mac Address IP Address W341 0690E8400411 1921681323 Search Result 1 UC s Linux UC Finder Copy ucfinder from the Document and Software CD to your Linux PC and then use the following command to start the program UC Finder will automatically locate all the DA 660 units on the LAN and then report their IP addresses ucfinder 6 4 A System Commands busybox V0 60 4 Linux normal command utility collection File Manager Editor Network ES eI AM aw gt AE tA r9 m cp Is In mount rm chmod chown chgrp sync vi cat zcat grep cut find more test sleep echo ping route netstat ifconfig traceroute tftp telnet ftp copy file list file make symbolic link file mount and check file system delete file change file owner group and user change file owner change file group sync file system let system file buffer be saved to hardware move file displays the current working directly displays the amount of free space on the device make new
88. tional data transmission between the DA 660 s serial and Ethernet ports As illustrated in the following figure the purpose of this application is to transfer data between PC 1 and the DA 660 via an RS 232 connection At the remote site data can be transferred between the DA 660 s Ethernet port and PC 2 over an Ethernet connection Serial Rx Buffer LAN Rx Buffer Compiling tcps2 c The source code for the tcps2 example is located on the CD ROM at CD ROM example TCPServer2 tcps2 c Use the following commands to copy the file to a specific directory on your PC We use the directory home da660 1st application Note that you need to copy 3 files Makefile tcps2 c tcpsp c from the CD ROM to the target directory mount t iso9660 dev cdrom mnt cdrom cp mnt cdrom example TCPServer2 tcps2 c home da660 1st application tcps2 c cp mnt cdrom example TCPServer2 tcpsp c home da660 1st application tcpsp c cp mnt cdrom example TCPServer2 Makefile c home da660 1st application Makefile c Type make to compile the example code You will get the following response indicating that the example program was compiled successfully 2 9 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Getting Started NOTE root serverll home da660 1st application root serverll lst_application pwd home da660 1st application root serverll 1st application 11 total 20 rw r r 1 root root 514 Nov 27 11 52 Makefile rfrw r r 1 root root 455
89. tions on how to configure the Ethernet interface and Chapter 4 for information on setting up the DNS Updating the Time Automatically In this subsection we demonstrate the usage of a shell script to update the time automatically Example shell script to update the system time periodically bin sh ntpdate time nist gov You can use the time server s ip address or domain name directly If you use domain name you must enable the domain client on the system by updating 4 etc resolv conf file hwclock systohc sleep 100 Updates every 100 seconds The min time is 100 seconds Change 100 to a larger number to update RTC less often Save the shell script using any file name e g fixtime How to run the shell script automatically when the kernel boots up Copy the example shell script fixtime to directory etc init d and then use chmod 755 fixtime to make the shell script executable Next use the vi editor to edit the file etc inittab Add the following line to the bottom of the file ntp 2345 respawn etc init d fixtime 3 8 DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux Use the command init q to re init the kernel Cron Daemon to Execute Scheduled Commands Start Cron from the directory etc rc d rc local The cron process will return immediately so you do not need to start it with amp to run in the background The Cron daemon will search etc cron d crontab for crontab files whi
90. tly from your PC to the DA 660 You should first modify your PC s IP address and netmask so that your PC is on the same subnet as one of the DA 660 s two LAN ports For example if you connect to LAN 1 you can set your PC s IP address to 192 168 3 126 and netmask to 255 255 255 0 If you connect to the LAN 2 you can set your PC s IP address to 192 168 4 126 and netmask to 255 255 255 0 To connect to a hub or switch connected to your local LAN use a straight through Ethernet cable The default IP addresses and netmasks are shown above To log in type the Login name and password as requested The default values are both root Login root Password root Telnet 192 168 10 96 Moxa Embedded Linux Professional Edition Linux armuSteb 2 4 18 mu138 ixdp425 Moxa login root Password HHH HHEH HHHH EHEHEH EHHH tit HEH HHHH HEE HHH HERH HHHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HiH Hi Lid prid Hitt TH Hit Hu HHH 3 HHHH HHHH HH HHH HHH HHH HH Hu HH iit H 4H II Hu HHHH HH H HH HH HH Hu HHHH HHH Hi 4 Hu Hu HHH HEHEHE Hi 4 HHT HHH iti Li HH HEH Hitt HHH HH HHH HHH H Dri tt Ht iit iit Hit Hu 4 HHH 4 HH HEH io THEE THHEHERTE HHEH HHERIHHHHHHE HEHH For further information check http www moxa com Mount user file system iroot a Moxa tH You can proceed with configuring network settings of the target computer from the built in bash shell Configuration instructions are given in the next section Serial Console Remin
91. tory or select an alternative location rel Setup UC Finder Ready to Install Setup is now ready to begin installing UC Finder on your computer Click Install to continue with the installation or click Back f you want tc review or change any settings Additional tasks Create a desktop icon al Setup UC Finder Completing the UC Finder Setup Wizard Setup has finished instaling UC Finder on your computer The application may be launched by selecting the installed icons Click Finish to ext Setup Y Launch UC Finder Broadcast Search The Broadcast Search function is used to locate all the DA 660 units that are connected to the same LAN as your Windows computer Since the Broadcast Search function searches by MAC address and not IP address all the DA 660s connected to the LAN will be found regardless of whether or not they are on the same subnet as the host 6 3 ThinkCore DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual UC Finder 1 Click the Broadcast Search button to start searching File Function About Broadcast Search No Model MAC Addess IP Address I arch Result 0 UC s 2 TheSearching window displays the Model MAC Address and IP Address of devices that 3 NOTE UC Finder is designed to determine the IP addresses of all UC units connected to the same LAN as the host that is running UC Finder To configure UC s IP addresses or other configuration parameters use Telnet over
92. ux gt Checking the Flash Memory Space gt Compiling Hello c gt Uploading and Running the Hello Program UU Developing Your First Application gt Testing Environment gt Compiling tcps2 c gt Uploading and Running the tcps2 release Program Testing Procedure Summary DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Getting Started Powering on the DA 660 NOTE Connect the SG wire to the Shielded Contact located on the upper left corner of the DA 660 and then power on the computer by connecting it to the power adaptor It takes about 30 to 60 seconds for the system to boot up Once the system is ready the Ready LED will light up and the model name of the computer will appear on the LCM display After connecting the DA 660 to the power supply it takes about 30 to 60 seconds for the operating system to boot up The green Ready LED will not turn on until the operating system is ready Connecting the DA 660 to a PC There are two ways to connect the DA 660 to a PC through the serial Console port or by using Telnet over the network Serial Console The serial console port gives users a convenient way of connecting to the DA 660 s console utility This method is particularly useful when using the computer for the first time The signal is transmitted over a direct serial connection and therefore there is no need to know DA 660 s two IP addresses in order to connect to the serial console utility Use the serial console
93. ux machine use the ssh command to access the DA 660 s Console utility via SSH ssh 192 168 3 127 Select yes to complete the connection root bee_notebook root ssh 192 168 3 127 The authenticity of host 192 168 3 127 192 168 3 127 can t be established RSA key fingerprint is 8b ee ff 84 41 25 fc cd 2a f2 92 8f cb 1f 6b 2f Are you sure you want to continue connection yes no yes NOTE SSH provides better security compared to Telnet for accessing the DA 660 s Console utility over the network DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Getting Started Configuring the Ethernet Interface The network settings of the DA 660 can be modified with the serial Console or online over the network Modifying Network Settings with the Serial Console In this section we use the serial console to configure the network settings of the target computer 1 Follow the instructions given in a previous section to access the Console Utility of the target computer via the serial Console port and then type cd etc network to change directories root Moxa cd etc network root Moxa etc network 2 Type vi interfaces to edit the network configuration file with vi editor You can configure the Ethernet ports of the DA 660 for static or dynamic DHCP IP addresses Static IP addresses As shown below 4 network settings need to be modified address network netmask and broadcast The default IP addresses are 192 168 3 127 for L
94. v mtdblock3 26 0M 8 9M 17 1M 5 dev ram2 2 0M 40 0k T var tmpfs 62 1M 62 dev shm dev raml 29 0M e 2T mnt ramdisk root Moxa cd mnt ramdisk root Moxa mnt ramdisk The following instructions give the steps required to save the firmware file to the DA 660 s RAM disk and then upgrade the firmware 1 Type the following commands to enable the RAM disk upramdisk cd mnt ramdisk 2 Type the following commands to use the DA 660 s built in FTP client to transfer the firmware file da660 x x x frm from the PC to the DA 660 mnt ramdisk ftp destination PC s IP Login Name xxxx Login Password xxxx ftp bin ftp get da660 x x x frm root Moxa mnt ramdisk ftp 192 168 3 Connected to 192 168 3 193 192 168 3 220 TYPSoft FTP Server 1 10 ready Name 192 168 3 193 root root 331 Password required for root Password 30 User root logged in Remote system type is UNIX Using binary mode to transfer files ftp cd newsw 250 CWD command successful C ftproot newsw is current directory ftp bin 200 Type set to I ftp ls 200 Port command successful 150 Opening data connection for directory list drw rw rw I tp ftp 0 Nov 30 10 03 drw rw rw l fep ftp 0 Nov 30 10 03 rw rw rw A ftp ftp 13167772 Nov 29 10 24 DA660 1 0 frm rw rWw rw l ftp ftp 8778996 Nov 29 10 24 DA660 rootdisk 1 0 frm 226 Transfer complete ftp get DA660 1 0 frm local DA660 1 0 frm remote DA660 1 0 frm 200
95. veloping Hello c eese rennen ener 2 6 Installing the Tool Chain Linux essere 2 7 Checking the Flash Memory Space eese eterne nennen 2 7 Compiling Hell 6 bir ter RU e RE ERR ers 2 8 Uploading and Running the Hello Program eeeeeeeeeeeeen 2 8 Developing Your First Application sserrep a a a 2 9 Testing Environment iodo m D EP neo FAI ets 2 9 Compilng16ps2 6 1 2 epe nderit meemei ted ree EE 2 9 Uploading and Running the tcps2 release Program eee 2 10 Testing Procedure SUMMA cio 2 13 Managing Embedded Linux ccceccccsssseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneceeeeeeeeeensaneeeeneeeeeeens 3 1 System Version Information sese ener ea o ESE nenne trennen 3 2 System Image Backup e SIN RE Uhren 3 2 Upgrading the Firm Ware iii tios 3 2 Loading Factory Defaults essere nee enne ener nennen 3 4 Enabling and Disabling DaemonS ooooccnocccononononononnnonnnonnnonoconoco nono nocn nooo nono eene nee nene 3 4 Setting the R n level voto a 3 6 Adjusting the System TIME i oor nee ett pt pe Rete e HH eI e epit 3 7 Setting the Time Manually arannana enne enne rennen ene 3 7 NEP Client 2 inh ie ended Ree tdt 3 8 Updating the Time Automatically eese enne 3 8 Cron Daemon to Execute Scheduled Commands esee 3 9 Timezone Sething rin 3 9 Managing Communication
96. xr xr x rwWwxr xr x rw r r drwxr xr x drwxr xr x drwxr xr x j O amp M2 P2 pP OI P PN CO Your Windows OS must satisfy the following requirements 1 Operating System Windows 2000 workstation or Windows XP professional 2 Minimum of 500 MB of free hard drive space to install the tool chain and develop programs All of the disk space must be on a single drive 3 CD ROM or equivalent 4 Ethernet connect to download the application program to DA 660 5 Beable to log in as administrator 6 Usea Windows username without spaces You will be using a BASH shell window to enter commands In addition for editing text files such as configuration files you should use the vi editor Do NOT use WordPad which could cause problems when the files are transferred to a true Linux environment ThinkCore DA 660 8 16 LX User s Manual Windows Tool Chain Introduction Installation Procedure 1 Select the Root Directory Note If the directory C UC was created during a previous installation it will be displayed as the Root Directory Use this directory if you do not wish to re install the UC windows tool chain again Under Install For All Users Recommended is selected by default Under Default Text File Type Unix Recommended is selected by default Moxa Linux Tool Cham Setup Welcome Moxa Windows Tool Chain for Linux 2 6 on Intel IXP CPU V1 0 Thank you for selecting Moxa Linus Tool Chain Mox

DA-660-8/16-LX User`s Manual v4

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