YAMON™ User`s Manual
Contents
1. NAME pcicfg Atlas Malta only pcicfg 8l 161 32 r lt bus gt lt dev gt lt func gt lt addr gt lt range gt SYNOPSIS w lt bus gt lt dev gt lt func gt lt addr gt lt val gt Read a value range or write a value to PCI configuration space All arguments are hexadecimal DESCRIPTION _ Range parameter indicates the number of bytes to read Default action is read Default width is 32 bit r Read PCI configuration space W Write to PCI configuration space OPTIONS 8 See data in units of bytes 16 See data in units of halfwords 32 See data in units of words NAME ping SYNOPSIS ping ipaddr lt datagramsize gt ping send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network host This command is typically used to verify end to end network functionality amp connectivity in a debug or bring up situation An ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packet must be replied to with an ICMP ECHO_REPLY packet from the remote host ipaddr The ICMP ECHO packet will contain data with the specified size The default datagramsize is 64 bytes minimum is 0 bytes and maximum is 1472 bytes DESCRIPTION The maximum size is constrained by the Ethernet upper frame size limit IP segmentation is not supported If the optional datagramsize parameter is not within the valid range the default size of 64 bytes will be used The ping command will stop when the first reply is received from the remote host If no replies are received depending on whether the M2. CSUM1 and CSUM2 are ASCII hex representation of an 8 bit checksum of lt command gt and lt data gt fields The most significant nibble is sent first Checksum is calculated as the modulo 255 sum of the characters representing lt command gt and lt data gt i e not including and No additional characters are allowed within a request including space TAB CR LF However all characters are ignored between requests until a is received The command field is case sensitive for example g and G are two different commands The data and CSUM fields are case insensitive e 99 YAMON immediately responds with either a or a character in case command was received successfully and if checksum characters were missing or the checksum indicated an error When YAMON is done performing the requested command YAMON will transmit the following data to the GDB host CSUM in lower case YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 31 9 GDB Interface lt data gt lt CSUM1 gt lt CSUM2 gt lt data gt depends on the specific command No additional characters are transmitted including CR LF Two error messages are used E01 Illegal format E02 Illegal address E01 is used for commands with illegal formats while E02 is used if GDB requests access to an illegal address Addresses register values are represented in hexadecimal format with the most signific
3. CP1 FIR ignored by YAMON Description Frame pointer ignored by YAMON Dummy register ignored by YAMON CPO INDEX CPO RANDOM CPO ENTRYLOO CPO ENTRYLO1 CPO CONTEXT CPO PAGEMASK CPO WIRED CPO register 7 ignored by YAMON CPO BADVADDR ignored by YAMON CPO COUNT CPO ENTRYHI CPO COMPARE CPO STATUS ignored by YAMON CPO CAUSE ignored by YAMON CPO EPC ignored by YAMON CPO PRID Reply YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 33 9 GDB Interface Write 64 bit registers Format H lt data gt data consists of 90 16 hex digits Write 64 bit registers Each register is represented by 8 bytes of register data each encoded as two hex digits In total 90 registers are written The register sequence is the following 0 31 CPO STATUS Special register LO Special register HI CPO BADVADDR CPO CAUSE CPO EPC fp0 fp31 ignored by YAMON CP1 FSR ignored by YAMON CP1 FIR ignored by YAMON Description Frame pointer ignored by YAMON Dummy register ignored by YAMON CPO INDEX CPO RANDOM CPO ENTRYLOO CPO ENTRYLO1 CPO CONTEXT CPO PAGEMASK CPO WIRED CPO register 7 ignored by YAMON CPO BADVADDR ignored by YAMON CPO COUNT CPO ENTRYHI CPO COMPARE CPO STATUS ignored by YAMON CPO CAUSE ignored by YAMON CPO EPC ignored by YAMON CPO PRID Reply Set Thread Format Hg He Description Ignored by YAMON Reply YAMON User s Ma
4. DESCRIPTION OPTIONS Display or edit TLB In case there are no parameters the contents of the TLB is displayed In case all parameters are available the TLB entry at the requested index is written The number of TLB entries is CPU specific Available settings of pagesize are 0x1000 4kB 0x4000 16kB 0x10000 64kB 0x40000 256kB 0x100000 1MB 0x400000 4MB 0x1000000 16MB Available settings of c0 c1 cache algorithm for even odd page are processor specific However the values 2 and 3 are typically reserved for Uncached 2 and Cacheable 3 modes Values 0 7 are available Other parameters are va Virtual base address of even odd pair of pages g GLOBAL setting Cn gt ASID is used y gt Ignore ASID asid ASID setting only relevant if g n pa0 Physical base address of even page d0 DIRTY setting of even page Cy gt write enabled n gt write protected v0 VALID setting of even page Cy gt valid n gt not valid pal Physical base address of odd page dl DIRTY setting of odd page y gt write enabled n gt write protected vl VALID setting of odd page y gt valid R gt not valid Example TLB index 2 Pagesize 4kB Global mapping i e ASID ignored ASID Oxff but ignored Cache algorithm 3 Cacheable Both pages valid Virtual address Physical address Dirty i e write enabled
5. ERROREPC NMI NMI detected E BOARD Unknown board E CORE Unknown core board E CPU Unknown processor E NO_RAM ie ia Presence Detect device failed probably missing SDRAM E RAM_CL SDRAM does not support CAS latency 2 E RAM_BL SDRAM does not support burst length 8 E RAM_EC Unsupported error check for SDRAM module ECC E RAM_DB Too many SDRAM device banks gt 4 YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 43 12 Diagnostics and Error Messages Table 15 ASCII LED Display Error Messages Continued Message Description E RAM_CF E RAM_LO E RAM_MI E RAM_HI General SDRAM configuration error Lowest RAM address failed Middle RAM address failed High RAM address failed E RAM_W RAM test failed during word access E RAM_B RAM test failed during byte access E NB_CFG E NB_DEC E LAN PCI configuration cycle to SAA9730 device failed North Bridge setup decoding failed Lan driver initialisation failed This message should not be seen since YAMON will not halt if LAN initialisation fails E P_ALLO E P_RANG E P_UNKN E STRUCT Not enough space for auto configuration Illegal ram range for PCI mapping Unknown PCI device on board should never happen Structural error in YAMON code detected should never happen E UNKNWN Unknown error code should never happen YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 44 A References Appendices A Refer
6. where the hours HH are represented in 24h format 00 23 The output is shown as Day Mon dd HH MM SS ccyy OPTIONS None NAME dis SYNOPSIS dis m lt address gt lt count gt Disassemble code starting at lt address gt only MIPS32 instructions DESCRIPTION lt count gt default 16 specifies the number of instructions to disassemble OPTIONS m Prompt user for keypress after each screen of data NAME dump SYNOPSIS dump m 8l 16l 32 lt address gt lt size gt Dumps data from address range starting at lt address gt DESCRIPTION The default data display width is 8 bits The lt size gt parameter specifies the number of bytes to dump default is 256 The continuation command works together with dump m Prompt user for keypress after each screen of data 8 Dump data in units of bytes ORTTONS 16 Dump data in units of halfwords 32 Dump data in units of words NAME echo SYNOPSIS echo lt data gt The echo command echoes all of its arguments to the console DESCRIPTION This offers a convenient way to examine the contents of specific environment variables e g echo ipaddr OPTIONS None YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 11 3 Shell Commands NAME SYNOPSIS edit edit 8I 16l 32 lt address gt DESCRIPTION Edit memory contents starting at lt address gt The default data width is 8 bits Edit mode is exited by typing gt or Ctrl C During the edit a data element can be
7. which can disrupt network operation At boot YAMON issues a warning message if either the ipaddr or subnetmask have not been set i e are set to the factory default setting 0 0 0 0 When downloading S records it is checked that the ipaddr and subnetmask are set and further it is checked that the board and the TFTP server are on the same subnet If they are not gateway must be set to the default gateway A ping server is active responds to ICMP ECHO requests whenever ipaddr has been set On the Atlas board the Ethernet driver is polled rather than interrupt driven This means that the ping server will not respond while commands are being executed For example potentially time consuming commands like cksum and erase may cause YAMON not to respond for a long period YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 21 5 Special Issues 5 Special Issues 5 1 Address Validation YAMON commands that require an address e g port edit dump etc will validate the address This includes the following e Alignment e In case of TLB mapped address space the TLB setup is verified This includes test for TLB miss as well as write protection of page e In case of RAM address space it is verified that RAM is available for the access For example if the platform supports 128 MB RAM and a 64 MB RAM module is used only the first 64 MB are available Some commands perform validation of flash
8. 0x00000000 0x00200000 Yes 0x00001000 0x00300000 No tlb 2 4kB 0 y ff 200000 3 y y 300000 3 ny i Initialize TLB NAME SYNOPSIS unsetenv unsetenv lt variable gt ul s DESCRIPTION Unset specified environment variable If a user created variable is specified it will be removed from the environment A system variable will not be removed but will instead be set to the default value By using the options below all user and or system variables can be unset using a single command OPTIONS u Delete all user variables S Reset all read write R W system variables to default values YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 18 4 Environment Variables 4 Environment Variables YAMON has support for environment variables stored in non volatile memory flash YAMON creates a number of environment variables and the user may create his own using the setenv command The shell parser expands environment variables For example the command load file will expand to load test rec in case the user has created an environment variable file using the command setenv file test rec Environment variables also provide a means to pass data to applications The go command will set CPU register a2 to the address of an array of structures holding the environment variables This is described in Section 8 Application Interface YAMON creates a number of environment varia
9. AA a aAa se aAA E AEE IPERE EAE ETES 38 11 Flash Support ria A ia 40 12 Diagnostics and Error Messages rorirori aena RE EEA EE AAE EEEE E EEE e 42 Appendices AAA A 45 A A 45 Br REVISION HIST ci aia aah 45 YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 1 Introduction 1 Introduction This document constitutes the user manual for the YAMON ROM monitor YAMON Yet Another MONitor is the ROM monitor used on MIPS Technologies evaluation and reference boards The target audience for this document is users of those boards This would typically be engineers developing hardware or software including compilers RTOS and other tools Currently the following boards CPUs are supported by YAMON e Atlas with MIPS32 4K or MIPS64 5K class of CPUs e Atlas with QED RM5261 e Malta with MIPS32 4K or MIPS64 5K class of CPUs e Malta with QED RM5261 e SEAD with MIPS32 4K or MIPS64 5K class of CPUs e SEAD 2 with MIPS32 4K or MIPS64 5K class of CPUs SEAD boards are supported for Basic RTL revisions up to and including 01 03 This document describes the interfaces to YAMON This includes a command line interface a debugger interface and an application interface The same binary image is used for all boards and CPUs supported by YAMON YAMON detects the specific board CPU at run time The binary image contains both little and big endian code YAMON detects the endianness at run time and executes the appropriat
10. OX lt number gt Hex YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 2 General Issues e 10 lt number gt Decimal e 8 lt number gt Octal By default all numbers except numbers used for IP addresses and IP subnet masks are in hexadecimal format 2 2 2 YAMON Distribution The board shipped from MIPS Technologies will contain YAMON in non volatile memory Depending on the specific board this may be flash memory or E PROM YAMON is released as three files yamon src lt rev gt tar gz yamon bin lt rev gt zip e yamon sampleappl src lt rev gt tar gz lt rev gt 1s replaced with the specific revision number e g 02 00 yamon src lt rev gt tar gz contains the YAMON source file tree yamon bin lt rev gt zip contains the binary distribution see Table 3 yamon sampleappl src lt rev gt tar gz contains source code for a sample Hello world application that uses the YAMON application interface see Section 8 Application Interface The revision number lt rev gt for the sample application is not correlated to the revision number of YAMON itself The sample application includes a README file describing the application It is also described in Section 8 5 Sample Application Table 3 YAMON Distribution Zip File Contents RELEASE ASCII text file containing release notes yamon lt rev gt fl YAMON image in format required for parallel download deleteall fl File used for clearing
11. be rejected by YAMON and an error message will be returned The physical address space 0x1FC0 0000 0x 1 FFF FFFF MIPS boot area is not decoded by any of the flash related commands i e no flash programming will occur if data are written to these addresses Following YAMON commands operate on flash devices copy When the destination address is decoded as a flash memory space this command will program the flash with the source contents Address and size may be on any byte boundary The destination area must be erased before copying Caches are flushed before and after copying erase Flash memory is erased block wise This command calculates the closest possible address range of the decoded flash to be erased and prompts the user to confirm Any lock bits set in the specified address area will be cleared if possible load Downloading S records may include flash programming if the S record is bound to a flash memory area This area must be erased before downloading Caches are flushed before and after downloading setenv amp unsetenv Any environment variable update is saved in the environment flash Normally the user should never touch the environment flash area unless a re initialization is requested with the erase e command YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 40 11 Flash Support e stty and scpu These are special cases of the setenv command as attributes may be wri
12. following info from YAMON Start 0x80100000 range 0x80100000 0x80100097 format SREC YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 39 11 Flash Support 11 Flash Support YAMON decodes and knows about following flash areas Table 13 Flash Areas on Supported Boards Atlas Malta SEAD SEAD 2 Total system monitor env MB 32 System MB 32 31 75 System block size kB 256 256 0x1C00 0000 0x1C00 0000 System phys mem map 0x1DFF FFFF 0x1DFB FFFF Monitor MB 3 872 3 872 N A Monitor block size kB 128 128 N A Monitor part1 phys mem map 0x1E00 0000 0x1E00 0000 YAMON boot image IMB 0x1E0F FFFF Ox 1E0F FFFF Nie lock bit protected i Monitor part2 phys mem map 0x1E10 0000 0x1E10 0000 N A user application 2 872 MB 0x1E3D FFFF 0x1E3D FFFF Environment kB 128 128 256 Environment block size kB 128 128 256 E 0x1E3E 0000 0x1E3E 0000 0x 1DFC 0000 Brivironment phys memmap 0x1E3F FFFF 0x1E3F FFFF 0x1DFF FFFF System flash is available on some boards only It is used for general user applications Monitor flash is available on some boards only 1 MByte is reserved for the YAMON boot image and approximately 3 MByte are free for user application Environment flash is reserved for saving YAMON environment variables Note The environment flash area is decoded by use of the YAMON flash related commands but any modification copy erase or load will
13. for the flash memories in the system and is able to program them DESCRIPTION If the destination is flash the destination area must be cleared using the erase command prior to the copy operation Note that the copy command prevents the user from overwriting the environment flash area Unless the f option is applied caches are flushed before and after the copy operations D cache writeback and invalidate I cache invalidate OPTIONS f Do not flush caches YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 10 3 Shell Commands NAME cp0 SYNOPSIS cp0 lt name gt lt value gt Read write CPO register s If no arguments are applied all CPO registers are shown If the name of a CPO register is applied this register is written or read depending on whether a value is applied or not DESCRIPTION Writing a CPO register takes effect immediately and should be done with care since it may crash YAMON Some of the CPO registers are optional and not available for all CPUs See Section 8 3 Functions for description of context shift handling OPTIONS None NAME date Atlas Malta only SYNOPSIS date cc yy mmddHHMM ss HH in 24 hour format Set or read date and time If no argument is given the present date and time is output If an argument is specified it is used to set the date and time on the real time clock DESCRIPTION The argument must have the format cc yy mmddHHMM ss
14. left untouched by just pushing Enter The edit will then continue with the next data element Typing will cause the address to be decremented Data is entered using hexadecimal number format with no leading 0x OPTIONS NAME 8 Edit data in units of bytes 16 Edit data in units of halfwords 32 Edit data in units of words erase SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS NAME erase sl el lt address gt lt size gt Erase flash memory An option may be applied specifying which flash region to erase If no such option is applied the address range to be erased is specified by the lt address gt and lt size gt parameters If no such range is specified either the range corresponding to the default option is assumed if there is a default option this is platform specific If and only if the e option erase environment flash is applied the system environment variables are reinitialized to factory default values If a range is specified all flash blocks touched by the range are cleared The block size depends on the flash memory type used by the board The blocks to be cleared are displayed and the user is asked for confirmation before the operation is performed Erasing a large flash area takes time It can easily take several minutes to erase a 32 MByte area Any set flash sector lock bits will be cleared before the sector is erased If they cannot be cleared e g due to hardware pr
15. one or more of the following commercial computer software commercial computer software documentation or other commercial items If the user of this information or any related documentation of any kind including related technical data or manuals is an agency department or other entity of the United States government Government the use duplication reproduction release modification disclosure or transfer of this information or any related documentation of any kind is restricted in accordance with Federal Acquisition Regulation 12 212 for civilian agencies and Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement 227 7202 for military agencies The use of this information by the Government is further restricted in accordance with the terms of the license agreement s and or applicable contract terms and conditions covering this information from MIPS Technologies or any contractually authorized third party MIPS R3000 R4000 R5000 R8000 and R10000 are among the registered trademarks of MIPS Technologies Inc and R4300 R20K MIPS16 MIPS32 MIPS64 MIPS 3D MIPS I MIPS II MIPS III MIPS IV MIPS V MDMX SmartMIPS 4K 4Kc 4Km 4Kp 5K 5Kc 20K 20Kc EC MGB SOC it SEAD YAMON ATLAS JALGO CoreLV and MIPS based are among the trademarks of MIPS Technologies Inc All other trademarks referred to herein are the property of their respective owners YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 Table of Contents VINO LOTO 01
16. rc function supplied by YAMON OPTIONS NAME None help SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS help lt command gt help with no parameter shows a list of all the available commands To get more detailed help on a particular command specify the command name as an argument to help When specifying a command as an argument to help command completion will be performed if at least two characters of the command name have been specified None YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 13 3 Shell Commands NAME info SYNOPSIS info board cpu memory uart boot all pci isa lan Display information on the requested item default boot The following information displays can be requested board Board properties cpu CPU properties DESCRIPTION memory Memory properties uart Serial ports statistics boot Info displayed after reset all All info pci Atlas Malta only PCI auto discovery auto configuration isa Malta only ISA bus configuration lan Atlas Malta only Ethernet statistics OPTIONS None NAME load load r SYNOPSIS tftp lt ipaddr gt lt filename gt asc ttyOltty 1 Load image from serial port or Ethernet to RAM or flash depending on address The only image type currently supported is SREC On platforms supporting both Ethernet and serial port the default protocol is taken from the environ
17. the required sections of Monitor flash lock fl File used for locking the required sections of Monitor flash DOS batch file used for copying deleteall fl yamon lt rev gt fl and lock fl files to go bat parallel port Ipt1 go pl Perl script used for copying deleteall fl yamon lt rev gt fl and lock fl files to yamon lt rev gt bin parallel port on computers running Linux or Solaris YAMON image in binary format Used for programming an E PROM device reset lt rev gt dis Disassembly of the code located at the reset exception vector Oxbfc00000 yamon lt rev gt _el dis Disassembly of the little endian code yamon lt rev gt _eb dis reset lt rev gt map yamon lt rev gt _el map yamon lt rev gt _eb map Disassembly of the big endian code Linker generated map file for the code located at the reset exception vector Linker generated map file for the little endian code Linker generated map file for the big endian code yamon_api h Header file defining the application interface to YAMON see Section 8 Application Interface YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 8 2 General Issues See Section 7 Board Specifics for board specific instructions on how to upgrade YAMON YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 9 3 Shell Commands 3 Shell Commands The following shell commands are available sorted in alphabetical order Not all commands are available for all boards CPUs du
18. AC address of the destination path has been resoluted and kept in a cache ARP or ICMP_ECHO REQUEST packets are retransmitted up to 3 times before an appropriate error message is finally returned The user may stop the ping command at any time using Ctrl C OPTIONS None NAME port SYNOPSIS port a 8l 16 32 lt address gt lt value gt Perform a read or write operation to the specified lt address gt with the specified data width default 32 bits If lt value gt is specified this value is written otherwise a read operation is performed and the result is displayed DESCRIPTION The command checks the validity of the specified address see Section 5 1 Address Validation This check can be turned off using the a option The port command will result in exactly one read or write operation with the specified data width This makes it useful for accessing registers in peripheral devices 8 Access data byte 16 Access data halfword OPTIONS 32 Access data word a Allow invalid address NAME reset Atlas Malta SEAD 2 SYNOPSIS reset DESCRIPTION Performs a hardware reset of the board OPTIONS None YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 15 3 Shell Commands NAME SYNOPSIS scpu only available if CPU is configurable Depends on CPU Type help scpu at prompt to view synopsis DESCRIPTION OPTIONS NAME Configure or view current cpu configuration scpu does not by default modify t
19. Byte 0x80094150 The shell implements command line history and editing Previous commands may be recalled by typing Ctrl p or arrow up The shell accepts the control codes shown in Table 1 VT 100 control sequences are used for the arrows ESC A ESC B ESC C ESC D Table 1 Command Line Recall editing Commands Name Description Ctrl p arrow up Ctrl n arrow down Recall previous command in command stack do not perform it Recall next command in command stack do not perform it Ctrl a Move to first character Ctrl e Move to last character Ctrl b arrow left Move one character left Ctrl f arrow right Move one character right Ctrl d Delete character at cursor position Ctrl h DEL Delete character to the left of cursor position Ctrl k Delete characters from cursor position to end of line Ctrl u Delete line Ctrl c Cancel current line Command line completion Commands may be auto completed by pressing TAB Also the shell attempts to auto complete commands when parsing them However minimum 2 characters must be typed before auto completing For example if the user enters he the command help will be performed The special characters shown in Table 2 are recognized by the shell parser YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 2 General Issues Table 2 Shell Parser Special Characters Character Meani
20. I characters holding the hexadecimal value included in the lt address gt lt data gt and lt checksum gt fields lt address gt field holds the address where lt data gt is to be stored in case of S1 S2 and S3 records or the starting address of the code in case of S7 S8 or S9 records lt address gt is encoded using 2 3 or 4 bytes i e 4 6 or 8 ASCII characters depending on the address width 2 in case of S1 or S9 3 in case of S2 or S8 4 in case of S3 or S7 lt data gt is the actual data to be stored in case of S1 S2 and S3 records or the information held in an SO record lt csum gt contains a one byte 2 ASCII characters checksum calculated as the one s complement of the sum of all the bytes from the lt length gt field through the end of the lt data gt field Between the lt csum gt field and the record termination character see next paragraph space or tab characters are accepted Each record can be terminated with either a carriage return or a line feed Note by invalid S record detection the reported line number of the invalid record is calculated as follows if no line feeds have been detected during load lines are counted as the number of carriage returns being parsed starting with line number 1 when the first line feed is detected the line number is set to 1 and the following lines are now counted as the
21. M 0x1e000000 4 MB Bootcode base 0x1fc00000 4 MB 0x1fc00000 1 MB Vector table Ox 1fc00500 Ox 1fc00500 Little endian code 0x 1fc10000 Ox1fc 10000 Big endian code Ox 1fc58000 Ox1fc58000 On the Malta board the hardware will redirect accesses to the Bootcode range based at 0x 1fc00000 to Monitor flash Ox 1e000000 On the Atlas board the hardware will redirect accesses to the Bootcode range based at 0x1fcO0000 to either Monitor flash 0x1e000000 or the upper 4MB of System flash based on jumper settings see 1 YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 24 7 Board Specifics 7 Board Specifics This section including the table below describes the issues specific to the boards supported by YAMON Break effect on tty0 describes the effect of an RS232 break on port tty0 On the Atlas and Malta boards the reset triggered by Break on tty0 may be disabled as described in 1 and 2 This involves writing O to be BRKRES register address Oxbf000508 Table 9 Board Specific Properties Atlas Malta SEAD SEAD 2 tty0 position ttyl position Top Atlas Left Malta Bottom Atlas Right Malta Bottom Serial port settings following a reset CPU configuration following a reset Taken from environment variables modetty0 and modetty1 Taken from environment variable cpuconfig if the CPU is configurable Alway
22. MISS TECHNOLOGIES YAMON User s Manual Document Number MD00008 Revision 2 01 January 31 2001 MIPS Technologies Inc 1225 Charleston Road Mountain View CA 94043 1353 Copyright O 1999 2000 MIPS Technologies Inc All rights reserved Unpublished rights reserved under the Copyright Laws of the United States of America This document contains information that is proprietary to MIPS Technologies Inc MIPS Technologies Any copying modifyingor use of this information in whole or in part which is not expressly permitted in writing by MIPS Technologies or a contractually authorized third party is strictly prohibited At a minimum this information is protected under unfair competition laws and the expression of the information contained herein is protected under federal copyright laws Violations thereof may result in criminal penalties and fines MIPS Technologies or any contractually authorized third party reserves the right to change the information contained in this document to improve function design or otherwise MIPS Technologies does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of this information Any license under patent rights or any other intellectual property rights owned by MIPS Technologies or third parties shall be conveyed by MIPS Technologies or any contractually authorized third party in a separate license agreement between the parties The information contained in this document constitutes
23. O o A tl tt iS 4 2 General ISSUES A A nda 5 21 Connecting to YAMON suscitado ia 5 22 Ml na a 5 2 2 l Number NN 7 2 2 2 YAMON Distt butions 2 60 ee E e E e Hua E aimee ene 8 3 Shell Commands A canteens R a e Aaa 10 4 Environment Variables coat 19 4 1 Ethernet Support srt air dead 21 D Special ISSUES A A A otaiae 22 Dl Address Valida tai 22 5 2 Exception Handling sic ssss2s c ssesccsssseshsceaseshasscesdsssks svsssescyesssaes seuss O oeo o sds Eat EEEo Tes SERS aS ASEEN EEE oP SETETE 22 X3 Cache Issues aa e 22 6 Memory Layout iseci neran anaes e a E a EA E EE E ese cazapobed Shute a soi SEESE SaR cate 24 T Board Specifics nia di E sees hace bes add oa a A E dra li 25 TI Atlas Malla ora e A E A R EEE EEA AEA EE EADAE AREE OE ieri RE 25 Pd Upsradinig AMON arts delta 25 MLS LADA Ai 26 P21 Upgrading YAMON uni iaa Ai id 26 To SEAD 2 A UNE EE AE coed Bea aa 26 A A O 26 8 Application Interface nin a a Ri Aion Seats 27 SAI o ia di ida 27 O ON 28 93 EUDCUONS des a E EE 28 8 4 Environment Variables sessen inea uaa vanvasnsee deat e a a aiar EE R EE E 29 8 3 Sample Application moeien n re R E E a A EE EE R E E E des 29 9 GDB Interface anere nen sesh Saleen E EEE ari 9 1 Connecting to GDB 9 2 GDB Remote Protocol Specification seeeseesessessetsieessesisrststeesetsterstststetstsesteessestetstssttretsrstetneseststsrtretet 31 9 3 GDB Remote Protocol REQUESTS cuina lid di 32 10 Motorola S fecords iii iria lll oia ARA
24. ON in the source distribution An application may return to YAMON by either jumping to the address stored in register ra KSEGO when application was invoked or by calling exit In the first case the contents of register vO will be displayed by the shell In the second case the parameter rc passed to exit in register a0 will be displayed by the shell 8 4 Environment Variables As mentioned above register a2 points to an array of structures holding the environment variables The structures have the following layout typedef struct char name char val t_yamon_env_var name points to a zero terminated array of characters containing the name of the environment variable val points to a zero terminated array of characters containing the value of the environment variable The last structure in the array has both name and val pointers with NULL values Since the pointers point to the actual environment variables stored in RAM and not a copy of these the application is responsible for not corrupting these at least if it intends to return to YAMON 8 5 Sample Application A sample Hello world application is available for demonstrating the application interface The application prints Hello world on the terminal by looking up the address of the YAMON print function and calling it YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 29 8 Application Interface The source files makefile and linker script are tar ed and gz
25. REQ FREQCPU Detecting CPU frequency YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 42 12 Diagnostics and Error Messages Table 14 ASCII LED Display Diagnostic Messages Continued Message Description FREQBUS Detecting bus frequency PCI Performing PCI auto configuration GT64120 Galileo GT64120 North Bridge detected PCI WAIT Pause for a while to allow target devices on PCI backplane to boot TIC Initializing YAMON IIC driver EEPROM Initializing YAMON eeprom driver FLASH Initializing YAMON flash driver SYSENV Initializing YAMON module SYSENV ENV Initializing YAMON module ENV SERIAL Initializing YAMON Serial drivers SAA_LAN Initializing SAA9730 Lan driver AMD_LAN Initializing AMD Lan driver NET Initializing YAMON module NET Updating CPU configuration based on environment variable CPU_U cpuconfig Only done on some boards see Section 7 Board Specifics and only done if CPU is configurable INITDONE Initialisation done YAMON shell executing This message may be selected using the lt prompt gt prompt environment variable which by default has the value YAMON The following error messages are written to the ASCII LED display in case of errors The messages starting with E are used during startup Table 15 ASCII LED Display Error Messages Message Description Hex number Exception occurred Value represents EPC
26. a200a2 The monitor flash area on Atlas and Malta is generally made available to the YAMON user except the lock bit protected sectors which keep the YAMON code YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 41 12 Diagnostics and Error Messages 12 Diagnostics and Error Messages The following diagnostics messages are written to the ASCII LED display during startup in sequence order Not all messages apply to all boards due to hardware dependencies You will usually not be able to see most of these messages unless something goes wrong during boot Table 14 ASCII LED Display Diagnostic Messages Message Description Power On H by hardware if no core board is available Atlas and Malta Flash DL Displayed by hardware if board has been placed in flash programming mode Atlas and Malta only CPU CPU specific initialisation CACHE Cache sized being detected ICACHE I cache being initialized SEAD SEAD specific initialisation SEAD 2 SEAD 2 specific initialisation ATLAS Atlas specific initialisation MALTA Malta specific initialisation RAM_HILO Perform test of RAM Hi medium lo addresses RAM_TEST Perform test of RAM used by YAMON CLEAR Clearing RAM COPYTEXT Copy text segments to RAM INFO Store various system info in RAM CINFO Store various cache info in RAM FIRSTC About to call first C function IO Initializing YAMON module IO FREQ Initializing YAMON module F
27. ant byte first i e big endian Values may consist of 1 to 8 hex digits in case of 32 bit commands and 1 to 16 hex digits in case of 64 bit commands No leading format identifiers are allowed i e no Ox Example GDB may request to read 4 bytes starting from location 0xa0200000 by issuing the following command ma0200000 4 80 YAMON will reply with the following sequence assuming data read 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x04 01020304 8a 9 3 GDB Remote Protocol Requests The following requests are supported Format does not include CSUM fields and the replies assume that no errors occured Error messages are described in the previous section Extended operations Format Use the extended remote protocol only relevant for R command Description Sticky only needs to be set once Reply Last signal Format Description Reply the current reason for stopping Reply S05 YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 32 9 GDB Interface Write 32 bit registers Format G lt data gt data consists of 90 8 hex digits Write 32 bit registers Each register is represented by 4 bytes of register data each encoded as two hex digits In total 90 registers are written The register sequence is the following 0 31 CPO STATUS Special register LO Special register HI CPO BADVADDR CPO CAUSE CPO EPC fp0 fp31 ignored by YAMON CP1 FSR ignored by YAMON
28. bles These are either Read Only RO or Read Write R W RO variables may not be modified nor deleted R W variables may be modified but the new values are first validated by YAMON R W variables may also be reset to factory default settings using the unsetenv command Table 4 holds YAMON created environment variables that are common to all boards Table 5 holds YAMON created environment variables common to boards supporting Ethernet Table 6 holds YAMON created environment variable baseboardserial common to boards supporting a serial number Table 7 holds YAMON created environment variable cpuconfig available in case CPU is configurable Some implementations of MIPS 4K 5K class of processors allow configuration of cache and or MMU type The format of cpuconfig depends on the configurable parameters of the specific CPU The Takes effect column indicates when changes take effect only applicable for R W variables Table 4 Common Environment Variables Name Description Format Default Access Takes effect Start command that will be executed after a reset YAMON will give tri Emnisi After reset unless the user the option to SS mpty sun cancelled press Ctrl C within 2 seconds to cancel execution of the start command memsize Size of RAM in bytes OxXXXXXXXX_ RAM size N A detected lt baudrate gt lt parity gt modetty0 Serial port settings lt databits gt 38400 n 8 1 hw See below modett
29. cted exceptions NMI exceptions are very useful for debugging run away applications 5 3 Cache Issues It is a potential source of errors to access two memory locations contained within the same cache line both cached and uncached If for example an address is written uncached it may later be overwritten if the corresponding cache line is evicted Another potential source of errors is when an application is loaded to memory Since this is done by writing the instructions to memory D cache domain it is important that the I cache is invalidated so that it will be refilled before YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 22 5 Special Issues executing new instructions To make sure the I cache refill is performed on the correct data the D cache must be flushed to physical memory after loading the application Also if the application executes uncached it is important to flush the D cache before starting to load the application All of this is handled by the load command YAMON does not usually flush the caches behind the back of the user so if the user issues an edit command to uncached memory and a memory location within the same cache line has previously been accessed cached it 1s the responsibility of the user to make sure the D cache has been flushed by issuing the flush d command The following commands are the only commands where YAMON takes care of flushing the caches e load e gdb e copy e sc
30. des a set of functions callable by applications Pointers to these function are located in a table located at physical address 0x1fc00500 Functions must be called via KSEGO addresses Functions are called using the standard MIPS calling convention where the first arguments are passed in registers a0 a3 YAMON restores its private context including CPO registers and registers 0 31 before performing the functions There are no requirements for stack space since the above context shift also switches to the YAMON stack during the function call The function table has the following layout Table 11 YAMON Function Vector Table Base Address 0x1fc00500 Offset Function 0x0 Reserved 0x4 print_count 0x8 Reserved Oxc Reserved 0x10 Reserved 0x14 Reserved 0x18 Reserved Oxlc Reserved 0x20 exit 0x24 Reserved 0x28 Reserved Ox2c flush_cache YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 28 8 Application Interface Table 11 YAMON Function Vector Table Base Address 0x1fc00500 Continued Offset Function 0x30 Reserved 0x34 print 0x38 register_cpu_isr Ox3c deregister_cpu_isr 0x40 register_ic_isr 0x44 deregister_ic_isr 0x48 register_esr 0x4c deregister_esr 0x50 0x54 syscon_read Descriptions of the functions and macros for access to the functions are available in the header file yamon_api h contained in the binary distribution as well as the include directory of YAM
31. e code Some of the main YAMON features are e RAM size type detection and auto configuration e Shell with command line history and editing e Traditional shell commands load go dump etc e PCI auto detection and auto configuration PCI not available on all boards e Ethernet and serial port support Ethernet not available on all boards e Configuration of CPU for CPUs supporting this YAMON supports the following interfaces e Command line interface through serial port e Debug interface through dedicated debug serial port Interface conforms to GNU GDB Standard Remote Protocol with extensions for SDE GDB from Algorithmics e Vector table based call interface for use by applications e Ethernet for TFTP load and ping support Ethernet not available on all boards YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 4 2 General Issues This section describes how to connect your terminal to YAMON how to use the shell and how to load your board with a new revision of YAMON 2 1 Connecting to YAMON YAMON supports 2 serial ports named tty0 and tty1 YAMON uses tty0 as the console port Section 7 Board Specifics specifies the port mapping for specific boards By default the serial port settings are 38400 baud 8 databits no parity 1 stopbit hardware flowcontrol RTS CTS Some boards e g Atlas allow this default to be changed and stored in environment variables so that they survive a reset If you are not
32. e to hardware dependencies The command help will display a list of the commands help lt command gt will display help on a specific command NAME SYNOPSIS continuation command DESCRIPTION This command is a continuation command for dump so that more data can be dumped without the user having to repeat the previous dump with a new address OPTIONS None NAME cache SYNOPSIS cache onloff Enable disable caches by setting KO field of CPU CONFIG register DESCRIPTION The command will flush D cache before the KO field is modified If no parameter is supplied the current cache setting is displayed OPTIONS None NAME cksum SYNOPSIS cksum lt address gt lt size gt DESCRIPTION Computes 32 bit CRC for the specified memory area The CRC algorithm and polynomial is the same which is being used by the Unix cksum command OPTIONS None NAME compare SYNOPSIS compare lt address1 gt lt address2 gt lt size gt Compares the two specified memory areas If a difference is encountered during the compare DESCRIPTION the address of the first mis match will be reported OPTIONS None NAME copy SYNOPSIS copy f lt src gt lt dst gt lt size gt The number of bytes specified by lt size gt are copied from lt src gt to lt dst gt Both the source and destination can be located anywhere in the address space The copy command knows the address areas
33. el download has completed the display will show the text FINISHED e Unset switch S5 1 e Press the reset button 7 2 SEAD This section describes issues specific to the SEAD board 7 2 1 Upgrading YAMON YAMON is contained in an E PROM Update YAMON by replacing the E PROM device U23 The file required for programming the E PROM device is yamon lt rev gt bin 7 3 SEAD 2 This section describes issues specific to the SEAD 2 board 7 3 1 Upgrading YAMON YAMON is contained in flash YAMON is updated using the USB port as described in 4 The file required for programming the E PROM device is yamon lt rev gt bin YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 26 8 Application Interface 8 Application Interface YAMON may be used to load and execute user applications The details of this are described in this section 8 1 Entry Applications may be loaded by YAMON using the load command and executed using the go command or under GDB control using the gdb command The application calling convention uses the standard argc argv approach The go command will setup the registers as described in Table 10 before jumping to the requested address obtained from the previous load or as a parameter to go Table 10 Initial Application Context In particular note YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 Field Value reg4 a0 Set to the argument count Point
34. ences 1 Atlas tm User s Manual MD00005 2 Malta tm User s Manual MD00048 3 SEAD tm Basic RTL User s Manual MD00017 4 SEAD 2 tm Basic Package Getting Started MD00062 5 YAMON tm Reference Manual MD00009 B Revision History Revision Date Description 01 00 99 12 15 Initial revision for YAMON 01 00 01 01 99 02 08 Updated for YAMON 01 01 01 02 00 03 22 Updated copyright notice 02 00 00 09 11 Updated for YAMON 02 00 02 01 01 01 31 Document layout modified YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 45
35. env SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS setenv lt variable gt lt value gt Set the specified environment variable If no variable is specified all environment variables are displayed If no value is specified the variable is set to the NULL value When setting a R W system variable the value is first validated None NAME SYNOPSIS sleep sleep lt ms gt DESCRIPTION Halt shell for the specified number of milliseconds Note that the default number format is hexadecimal OPTIONS None YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 16 3 Shell Commands NAME SYNOPSIS stty stty ttyOl tty1 bl ul p lt baudrate gt nlole 718 112 DESCRIPTION Setup or view serial port setup Default port is tty0 b u p apply to the default port if no port is specified The possible baudrates are generally 75 460800 but not all baudrates are supported by all platforms Use stty ttyx b to get a list of the supported baudrates for a specific port Available parity settings are n none o odd e even Available databits are 7 and 8 Available stopbits are 1 and 2 When changing the parameters for a tty which is being used e g the console some strange characters may appear as a result Also note that stty does not by default modify the semi permanent tty setting recorded in the environment variables Use the p option if you want to set the environment variab
36. er to array of strings holding the arguments reg5 al argv 0 go in case application is started by go command argv 0 gdb in case application is started by gdb command reg6 a2 Pointer to table holding environment variables reg7 a3 Size of memory in bytes reg29 sp pl ral e A El range reserved for user stack size defined by symbol _ ME efined in include sys_api h reg31 ra Return address Application may jump to this address in order to exit and return to YAMON Other CPU registers 0 cp0_status Same as YAMON context except that IE bit is cleared thus disabling interrupts epc Entry point of application obtained from load command or as a parameter to go Other CPO registers Identical to YAMON context a0 is set to the number of white space separated tokens on the command line after expanding environment variables The first token is go or gdb The address or tokens are not counted nor included in the argv array see go and gdb command syntax in Section 3 Shell Commands al is set to the address of an array of pointers to strings containing the tokens a2 points to an array of structures holding the environment variables see Section 8 4 Environment Variables a3 is set to the SDRAM memory size number of bytes ra holds the return address for returning to YAMON An application can return to YAMON by jumping to this address Alternatively
37. fect but in order to store the new settings in the environment variable an scpu p command must be issued On some boards the CPU configuration specified by the environment variable will be applied after a reset On other boards hardware default settings will be used after a reset see Section 7 Board Specifics The user may create his own environment variables using the setenv command These variables may be both modified and deleted On some boards factory default settings may be restored by a board specific mechanism see Section 7 Board Specifics Note however that this will reset all YAMON created environment variables serial port settings cpu configuration and LAN related variables like IP address default TFTP bootserver etc On all boards factory default settings may also be restored by using the unsetenv s command User created environment variables may be deleted by using the unsetenv u command Should the environment flash area for some reason become corrupted the entire area may be erased using the erase e command User created environment variables will be lost and environment variables created by YAMON will be reset to factory default settings 4 1 Ethernet Support Ethernet is supported on Atlas and Malta boards The IP address for the board must be assigned by the local network administrator only Using an unapproved IP address may lead to duplicated IP address network error events
38. he semi permanent scpu setting recorded in the environment variable cpuconfig By default cpuconfig is an empty string implying processor specific hardware reset configuration Use the p option if you want to set the environment variable Use unsetenv cpuconfig if you wish to reset cpuconfig to an empty string The following operations are available Display available settings Display current configuration Edit configuration Setup configuration based on environment variable Reset configuration to hardware default Store current configuration in environment variable scpu without options or parameters displays the current configuration a Display available configurations u Configure based on environment variable r Reset configuration to hardware reset value p Commit configuration to environment variable Other options are CPU specific Type help scpu at prompt to view options search SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS NAME search ascl hex lt address gt lt size gt lt string gt Search for string in the memory area specified by lt address gt and lt size gt Default string type is ASCII If the search string contains spaces remember to use quotes around the string Tf searching for a hex string the search pattern must be entered as a number of two digit hexcodes without spaces inbetween Search for ASCII string Search for hex string asc hex set
39. ipped in the following file yamon sampleappl src lt rev gt tar gz lt rev gt is the revision number of the application The revision number is not correlated to the revision number of YAMON The application has been build and tested in the following environment e Host running Sun Sparc Solaris 2 6 e GNU Make version 3 77 e GNU compiler tools gcc ld objcopy objdump Cygnus GNUPro Embedded ToolSuite with MIPS support e g gec 2 9 or Algorithmics SDE MIPS 3 1 e GNU gunzip tool The makefile contains the following expressions which define the names of the compiler tools TOOLCHAIN cygnus ifeq TOOLCHAIN cygnus CC mips elf gcc LD mips elf ld OBJCOPY mips elf objcopy OBJDUMP mips elf objdump endif ifeq TOOLCHAIN sde EC sde gcc LD sde ld OBJCOPY sde objcopy OBJDUMP sde objdump endif Please replace this according to your setup By typing make the following files are generated e appl rec appl elf e appl map appl rec is the s record file to be used for loading the application using the load command appl elf holds the image in ELF format appl map is a linker generated map file for the application YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 30 9 GDB Interface 9 GDB Interface YAMON may function as a GDB STUB supporting a subset of the GDB Remote Protocol interface as defined by GDB version 4 18 YAMON supports the 64 bit extensions defi
40. ision 2 01 35 9 GDB Interface Restart Write Single Register R if running extended protocol Format R lt NN gt S XX if not running extended protocol If running extended protocol set by the command this command will cause application context to be reinitialised Description If not running extended protocol the R command is identical to the P command see below Reply OK Write Single Register Format P lt NN gt S XX Set register NN to the value XX Descrinti NN corresponds to the register number as listed above for the g command As such NN escription must be less than 90 Width depends on S default 4 S is 4 in case of 32 bit register and 8 in case of 64 bit register Reply Read memory Format m lt address gt lt length gt Read memory bytes Description lt address gt is address lt length gt is the byte count Each byte in the reply is described by two hex digits Reply lt data gt Write memory Format M lt address gt lt length gt lt data gt Write memory bytes Description lt address gt is address lt length gt is the byte count lt data gt are the bytes to be written Each byte is described by two hex digits Reply OK Continue Format C lt sig gt lt address gt Continue with signal lt sig gt hex signal number Signal is ignored by YAMON Dchonon Run from address given by lt address gt unle
41. le for the specific tty as well OPTIONS NAME u Force environment settings for port to take effect p Transfer current settings for port to environment b List supported baud rates for the specified port ttyO Setup port 0 default ttyl Setup port 1 test SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION test 1 m lt module gt lt module arguments gt The test command can perform a number of self tests on different modules If no module is supplied all available modules are tested and a final pass fail status is indicated If a module is specified only this module is tested Tf the option m is applied and no module is specified a list of the available modules is displayed Tf the option m is applied and a module is specified additional information about the module test and the optional arguments is displayed If the option 1 is applied all available modules are tested repetitively until Ctrl C is pressed or a test fails The I option cannot be specified together with other options or arguments OPTIONS m List available test modules l Loop default tests until Ctrl C is pressed YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 17 3 Shell Commands NAME SYNOPSIS tlb only available if CPU has TLB tlb i lt index gt lt pagesize gt lt va gt lt g gt lt asid gt lt pa0 gt lt c0 gt lt d0 gt lt v0 gt lt pal gt lt c1 gt lt d1 gt lt v1 gt
42. ment variable bootprot On platforms without Ethernet the only and default protocol is asc If loading from serial port the default port is taken from the environment variable bootserport If loading from Ethernet the IP address of the TFTP server and the filename may be specified DESCRIPTION If an IP address is not specified it is taken from the environment variable bootserver If a filename is not specified it is taken from the environment variable bootfile Note that the TFTP protocol limits the maximum file size SREC file size not actual binary data size to 32 MBytes even 16 MBytes on some TFTP servers If this limit is exceeded the load will fail For the currently supported formats the execution entrypoint of the image is embedded in the image This address is saved such that the go command can use it as the default entrypoint During the load operation the current load address will be shown on the 8 position hex display if present Note that the load command prevents the user from overwriting the environment flash area OPTIONS r Retry on ARP timeout until load succeeds or Ctrl c is typed off Atlas SEAD NAME Note There is no off command on Malta in version 02 00 of YAMON even though the hardware supports it SYNOPSIS off DESCRIPTION Turn off board OPTIONS None YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 14 3 Shell Commands
43. ned by Algorithmics for the SDE GDB debugger GDB may be downloaded from the Free Software Foundation web site at http www fsf org GDB must be configured using the target mips option 9 1 Connecting to GDB YAMON enters GDB STUB mode after issuing the gdb command This means that YAMON starts polling for requests from GDB on port ttyl When YAMON is waiting for GDB requests GDB STUB mode may be abandoned by typing Ctrl C on port tty0 Initial application parameters may be applied as described in Section 3 Shell Commands The initial application context is the same as described for the go command see Table 10 Applications may register Exception Service Routines ESRs as described in Section 8 3 Functions However the YAMON gdb stub must own the BREAK exception Setting breakpoints in exception handling code is not supported GDB assumes by default 9600 baud so use the stty ttyl 9600 command to configure tty1 accordingly On the host side you should issue the following GDB commands set endian little if YAMON is running little endian target remote dev ttya or whatever port is being used on the host 9 2 GDB Remote Protocol Specification The GDB remote protocol encodes requests from GDB to target in the following format lt command gt lt data gt lt CSUM1 gt lt CSUM2 gt lt command gt and lt data gt must be ASCII characters and cannot include characters or
44. ng dollar The following is an environment variable which will be expanded by the parser The following is a string which should not be parsed as individual double quote tokens must be terminated by another double quote single quote Environment variables within the quotes are expanded The following is a string which should not be parsed as individual tokens must be terminated by another single quote Environment variables within the quotes are not expanded Used to separate commands Example YAMON gt echo hello echo world hello world YAMON gt A line beginning with lt count gt will be repeated count times or until a command fails Example YAMON gt 3 echo hello hello hello hello YAMON gt backslash The following character should not be considered a special character The sequence will generate a character If the backslash is the last character on a line the command will continue on the next line Example YAMON gt echo hello world hello world YAMON gt Most commands may be stopped by typing Ctrl C An RS232 break on tty0 is equivalent to either Ctrl C or reset depending on the board see Section 7 Board Specifics Commands are case sensitive 2 2 1 Number Formats The following number formats are supported case insensitive e lt number gt Hex e 16 lt number gt Hex e Ox lt number gt Hex e
45. nual Revision 2 01 34 9 GDB Interface Format Read registers glS Description Reply Format Read registers S default 4 is the number of bytes for a register 4 in case of 32 bit registers 8 in case of 64 bit registers Each register is represented by 4 or 8 bytes of register data each encoded as two hex digits In total 90 registers are read The register sequence is the following 0 31 CPO STATUS Special register LO Special register HI CPO BADVADDR CPO CAUSE CPO EPC fp0 fp31 set to 0 CP1 FSR set to 0 CP1 FIR set to 0 Frame pointer set to 0 Dummy register set to 0 CPO INDEX CPO RANDOM CPO ENTRYLOO CPO ENTRYLO1 CPO CONTEXT CPO PAGEMASK CPO WIRED CPO register 7 set to 0 CPO BADVADDR again CPO COUNT CPO ENTRYHI CPO COMPARE CPO STATUS again CPO CAUSE again CPO EPC again CPO PRID lt data gt data consists of 90 8 32 bit registers or 90 16 64 bit registers hex digits Read single register r lt NN gt S Description Reply Read value of register NN NN corresponds to the register number as listed above for the g command As such NN must be less than 90 Width depends on S default 4 S is 4 in case of 32 bit register and 8 in case of 64 bit register lt data gt data consists of 8 or 16 hex digits depending on 32 or 64 bit registers YAMON User s Manual Rev
46. number of line feeds being parsed Empty lines with space or tab characters terminated with carriage return or line feed are accepted All valid letter characters are not case sensitive and mixed case records are accepted One record of either type S7 S8 or S9 terminates the file and is mandatory Any S record must not contain more than 200 characters including white space tab and termination characters To summarize the YAMON S record loader support following table is applicable YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 38 10 Motorola S records Table 12 Motorola S record Types Type Description Accept Ignore informational x 2 byte address 3 byte address 4 byte address block count x 4 byte start address 3 byte start address S9 2 byte start address x The following paragraph displays an example of a valid S record file S00E00006170706C2E656C2E726563DD s31A80100000F0FFBD270800BEAF21F0A0031000C4AF1400C5AF1836 s31A8010001500C6AF00BF013C000820AC00BF023C0808428C000020 s31A8010002A00000400C2AF0400C28F000000003B00432C03006054 s31A8010003F14000000001 E0004080000000000BF013C000820AC08 s31A8010005400BF023C0808428C000000000400C2AF0400C28F005C s31A80100069BF013C100422AC0C00040800000000211000002100A4 s31A8010007E04080000000021E8C0030800BE8F1000BD270800E0CE s30A801000930300000000CF S705801000006A Loading this file will result in the
47. otection of the lock bits the command will fail e Erase and reinitialize entire environment area S Erase entire system flash default option Only available on some platforms fill SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS fill SI 161 32 lt address gt lt size gt lt data gt Fills the specified memory area starting at lt address gt Default data width is 8 bits lt size gt specifies the size of the area to fill expressed in bytes 8 Fill data in units of bytes 16 Fill data in units of halfwords 32 Fill data in units of words NAME SYNOPSIS flush flush il d DESCRIPTION OPTIONS Flush cache s By default the D cache is flushed first followed by an I cache invalidate This behavior can be changed by the i and d options The D cache flush operation is in reality a write back of dirty lines write back caches only followed by an invalidate operation i Invalidate I cache d Flush D cache YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 12 3 Shell Commands NAME gdb SYNOPSIS gdb v c lt args gt DESCRIPTION Setup connection to GDB debugger on port tty1 The Standard GDB remote protocol is used If the user application is not currently running and Ctrl C is typed at the console port YAMON will leave GDB mode and return to the command prompt lt args gt is broken up in substrings and passed to the application The list of argumen
48. pu e cache The copy command flushes the caches before and after copying data This is done since the copy command is expected to be frequently used for moving applications between e g flash and RAM Doing this requires the I cache to be invalidated as described above If the user does not want the copy command to flush caches he may apply the f option YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 23 6 Memory Layout 6 Memory Layout The memory map for YAMON is shown in the following table see also 1 2 and 3 Vector table is the table described in Section 8 3 Functions It is a table with addresses of functions that YAMON provide to applications for printing data to the terminal cache flush exiting application etc The actual functions are located at the base address named YAMON functions in the table below Table 8 Memory Map Physical Addresses Atlas Malta SEAD SEAD 2 SDRAM base 0x00000000 Max 128MB 0x00000000 32 MB YAMON functions 0x00001000 0x00001000 YAMON image 0x00005000 0x00005000 PCI Memory space 0x08000000 Max 256 MB N A PCI I O space 0x 18000000 Max 62 MB N A SDRAM controller 0x1b000000 1 MB GPIO module 0x1b100000 1 MB Performance module N A 0x1b200000 1 MB System flash 0x1c000000 32 MB 0x1c000000 31 75 MB Monitor flash 0x1e000000 4 MB N A E interrupt controller timer LED Ox 1000000 12 MB N A isplay etc SRA
49. ranges see Section 11 Flash Support 5 2 Exception Handling If an unexpected exception occurs while executing a user application the application is terminated the user context CPU registers 0 31 and selected CPO registers is displayed and YAMON returns to the prompt If an unexpected exception occurs in YAMON context the YAMON context CPU registers 0 31 and selected CPO registers is displayed and YAMON enters an infinite loop When an unexpected exception occurs the CPO EPC or ERROREPC depending on exception type is displayed in the ASCII LED display By unexpected is meant an exception including interrupts for which no handler has been registered Interrupt handlers are installed for the interrupts used by device drivers Also a user application may register handlers for specific exceptions see Section 8 3 Functions If an NMI or EJTAG exception is detected YAMON will jump to the following addresses EJTAG 0x80000300 NMI 0x80000380 YAMON has installed code at these addresses just like it has done at for example the general exception vector address 0x80000180 that will jump to the exception handling functions of YAMON but applications may install their own code at the above vector addresses Unless applications have taken over EJTAG exceptions they will be handled as any other exception Unless an application has taken over NMI exceptions they will be handled as any other unexpe
50. ration incase lt icache associativity gt Empty string cpuconfig I cache D cache MMU lt dcache bytes per way gt gt Hardware R W See below are configurable lt dcache associativity gt default settings tlb fixed CPU configuration in case lt icache bytes per way gt Empty string lt icache associativity gt E cpuconfig I cache and D cache are edcache bytes nervas gt Hardware R W See below configurable ytes Der Waya default settings lt dcache associativity gt CPU configuration in case Empty string cpuconfig B tlb fixed gt Hardware R W See below MMU is configurable a default settings Modifying the environment variables modetty0 or modetty1 will not modify the serial port settings until an stty u command is issued On the other hand the stty command will immediately take effect but in order to store the new settings in the corresponding environment variable an stty p command must be issued On some boards the tty settings specified by the environment variables will be applied after a reset On other boards fixed settings will be used after a reset see Section 7 Board Specifics YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 20 4 Environment Variables Modifying the environment variable cpuconfig will not modify the CPU configuration until an scpu u command is issued On the other hand the scpu command will immediately take ef
51. s 38400 n 8 1 hw CPU hardware default value Break effect on tty0 Ethernet support Triggers hardware reset Atlas 10 Mbps half duplex Malta 10 100 Mbps half full duplex Same as Ctrl C Switch used to reset environment variables to factory default settings S5 4 followed by reset SDRAM modules supported PC100 16MB 256MB 32MB 256MB Max SDRAM utilized 128MB 32MB Required SDRAM parameters Must support Burst length 8 and CAS latency 2 Mixed mode module configurations not allowed SDRAM banks DIMM banks 2 2 or 4 any rows columns 11 min 9 or 12 min 8 Burst length will be set to 1 CAS latency will be set to 2 if SDRAM supports this otherwise 3 7 1 Atlas Malta This section describes issues specific to the Atlas and Malta boards 7 1 1 Upgrading YAMON On the Atlas and Malta board the following sequence will program YAMON in flash memory e Copy the zip file to your work directory e Unzip the file e Connect parallel download cable from parallel port on your computer to the Atlas or Malta board using the procedure described in 1 and 2 e Set switch S5 1 PROG YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 25 7 Board Specifics e Copy deleteall fl yamon lt rev gt fl lock fl to the parallel port This can also be done by executing go bat DOS or the Perl script go pl Linux Solaris e When the parall
52. ss lt address gt is omitted in which case we P resume at address stored in EPC ERROREPC Reply will be sent next time a breakpoint is encountered Reply S05 indicating TRAP YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 36 9 GDB Interface Continue Format c lt address gt Same as C command except for the missing sig value which is ignored anyway Description Run from address given by lt address gt unless lt address gt is omitted in which case we resume at address stored in EPC ERROREPC Reply will be sent next time a breakpoint is encountered Reply S05 indicating TRAP Singlestep Format S lt sig gt lt address gt Singlestep with signal lt sig gt hex signal signal number Signal is ignored by YAMON Description Same as C except that YAMON will setup breakpoint s using BREAK instruction causing singlestepping to be performed Original instructions are restored by YAMON so that this operation is transparent to GDB Reply S05 indicating TRAP Singlestep Format s lt adddress gt Same as S command except for the missing sig value which is ignored anyway Description Same as c except that YAMON will setup breakpoint s using BREAK instruction causing singlestepping to be performed Original instructions are restored by YAMON so that this operation is transparent to GDB Reply S05 indicating TRAP Detach Format Descrip
53. sure what the current serial port settings are you may restore the above factory default settings by the mechanisms described in Section 4 Environment Variables and Section 7 Board Specifics A standard NULL modem cable with the wiring shown below should be used to connect the board to your terminal or PC RTS AA RIS CTS CTS TX EEEE TX RX RX GND GnD Figure 1 NULL Modem Cable 2 2 Shell After a reset the YAMON shell starts by displaying the following sign on message and then starts prompting the user for commands The example shows YAMON running on an Atlas board with a MIPS 4Kc processor The sign on message slightly differs for other boards CPUs Also the software compilation date time may differ YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 5 2 General Issues YAMON ROM Monitor Revision 02 00 Copyright c 1999 2000 MIPS Technologies Inc All Rights Reserved For a list of available commands type help Compilation time Board type revision Core board type revision FPGA revision MAC address Board S N PCI bus frequency Processor Company ID Processor ID revision Endianness CPU Bus frequency Flash memory size SDRAM size First free SDRAM address YAMON gt Sep 11 2000 13 06 28 0x00 Atlas 0x00 0x01 CoreLV 0x01 0x0007 00 d0 a0 00 00 32 0000000050 33 33 MHz 0x01 MIPS Technologies Inc 0x80 MIPS 4Kc 0x01 Little 80 MHz 40 MHz 36 MByte 32 M
54. the application may call the exit function supplied by YAMON see Section 8 3 Functions sp stack pointer is set to point 4 words from the top of an area reserved for user stack stack size can be found by issuing the info memory command Available user stack can be assumed to be at least 0x 1000 bytes gp global pointer is not setup so applications should setup gp if using gp relative addressing Interrupts are disabled CPO STATUS register IE bit is cleared 27 8 Application Interface YAMON will disable hardware devices performing DMA before starting an application When the user application calls a YAMON function see Section 8 3 Functions the YAMON setup of CPO registers will be restored The user setup will be restored before returning to the application This also includes the HI and LO registers 8 2 Exit Since YAMON resides in RAM it is possible for an application to corrupt YAMON The following requirements must be met in order to return to YAMON e YAMON must not be corrupted YAMON resides in RAM starting at address 0 The first free RAM address is displayed by the sign on message also available by issuing command info e Hardware configuration must not be altered State of hardware devices is not stored restored by YAMON However the state of CPO registers and the register bank registers 0 31 are stored restored by the context shift mechanism used by YAMON 8 3 Functions YAMON provi
55. tion Identical to the Kill k command described below Reply OK Format Same as D command Description Will cause YAMON to finish gdb command and return to the YAMON prompt Reply OK YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 37 10 Motorola S records 10 Motorola S records The load command supports loading Motorola S records An S record file is an ASCII file consisting of eight different record types SO S 1 S2 S3 S5 S7 S8 S9 The format of a record is lt type gt lt length gt lt address gt lt data gt lt checksum gt lt type gt identifies the record type It consists of the characters SO S1 S2 53 S5 S7 S8 or S9 SO records are used for descriptive information identifying the following block of S records SO records are ignored by YAMON S1 S2 S3 records hold data instructions to be stored in memory S1 are used for 2 byte addresses S2 are used for 3 byte addresses and S3 are used for 4 byte addresses S5 records contain the number of S1 S2 and S3 records transmitted in a block S5 records are ignored by YAMON S7 S8 S9 records hold the start address of the application S9 are used for 2 byte addresses S8 are used for 3 byte addresses and S7 are used for 4 byte addresses lt length gt is the number of bytes each byte consisting of two ASCI
56. ts to be passed must begin with a The is not passed as an argument The first argument argv 0 will be the string gdb Section 8 1 Entry describes how arguments are passed to the application and how the application context is initially setup The application may return to YAMON by jumping to the address specified in ra or by calling the exit rc function supplied by YAMON The verbose v option will cause the commands from the GDB host and the responses from YAMON to be displayed on the console port The checksum off c option will disable validation of the cheksum used in GDB commands This is useful in case the user wishes to enter commands manually Two checksum characters should still be used in the commands but the values are don t care OPTIONS V Display messages from and to GDB host C Disable check of GDB checksum NAME SYNOPSIS go go I lt address gt lt args gt DESCRIPTION Execute application code If a target address is not specified the address obtained from the last successful load command if any is used as the target address If arguments for the user program need to be specified the default execution address can be referenced by a Section 8 1 Entry describes how arguments are passed to the application and how the application context is initially setup The application may return to YAMON by jumping to the address specified in ra or by calling the exit
57. tten to the environment flash as regular environment variables All flash programming commands will check read and verify all bytes being programmed to detect flash failure or un erased flash memory areas Note The Atlas system flash may be write protected with the DIP switch S1 3 and any YAMON flash command attempt to erase or program the system flash when write protect is asserted implies an error report like Error Flash is write protected Hint Disable write protection Switch S1 3 Flash memory addresses may be specified as cached kseg0 or uncached kseg1 in any YAMON flash related command Flash lock bits are except for the erase command not handled by YAMON However YAMON detects if any block lock bits are set and reports an error if the erase or programming operation fails like Error Some sectors are locked Diag Flash status bc000000 00920092 Hint Unlock sector s before programming Note To clear any block lock bit s in the Atlas and Malta environment or monitor flash areas the MFWR jumper Atlas JP8 Malta JP1 must be fitted Any attempt to clear the lock bit s without having the MFWR jumper fitted will result in an error report like Error Environment FLASH is lock bit protected Diag Flash status be3e0000 00a200a2 Hint Disable clear lock bit protection MFWR jumper must be fitted or Error Some MONITOR FLASH sector s locked Diag Flash status 0xbe000000 0x00
58. y1 lt stopbits gt lt flowcontrol gt This is the default bootserport serial port used by the ttyOltty1 immediately load command String used for shell prompt Also prompt displayed in LED string immediately display YAMON User s Manual Revision 2 01 19 4 Environment Variables Table 5 Environment Variables for Platforms Supporting Ethernet Name Description Format Default Access Takes effect ethaddr MAC address XX XX XX XX XX XX Factory N A hardwired ipaddr IP address ddd ddd ddd ddd 0 0 0 0 Immediately subnetmask Subnetmask ddd ddd ddd ddd Immediately gateway Default gateway ddd ddd ddd ddd Immediately Default boot protocol bootprot used by load tftp asc tftp R W Immediately command Default TFTP fileserver This is the ip address bootserver used for the TFTP ddd ddd ddd ddd 0 0 0 0 R W Immediately fileserver if user does not specify otherwise in the load command Default TFTP file This is the name of bootfile the file loaded if user String Empty string R W Immediately does not specify otherwise in the load command Table 6 Board Serial Number Name Description Format Default Access Takes effect baseboardserial Serial number of board DDDDDDDDDD Factory hardwired RO N A Table 7 CPU Configuration Description Format Default Access Takes effect lt icache bytes per way gt CPU configu
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