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Rivers database: A user manual

1. eene eene 17 Query Notes td ese O Uer i roii rio 19 3 2 SETTING CRITERIA RETE Nn U u h a T T 19 3 2 1 Operators and Wildcards i9 3 2 2 More aboutcrileriasxs usns Susu S Si a enini inn 20 TECHNICAL INFORMATION Z 4 1 SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS 00sccccccceceseessseeeceeeeessssseeceeeeeaasseececeeeeaaasseeeceeessaaaneees 21 4 1 1 Application Architecture 2 21 4 2 INSTALLING THE RIVERS DATABASE APPLICATION scccccveeccceveeccccseececsusecscuuecssceueececsuecseuuuectsceuecseuuneees 22 4 3 STARTING THE RIVERS DATABASE APPLICATION cesse hee 22 4 4 SYNCHRONISING AND REPLICATING THE DATABASE 25622 441 REPLICATING OR BACKING UP THE DATABASE 0cccccceseccccuveccccevecsesusesccuusecscuusececuueecsuuuessssuusessuuseseuenes 23 Creating a Backup Replica a aus Bea oul ARRAS 23 4 4 2 CREATING A REPLICA TO SEND TO THE CENTRAL AUTHORITY 23 4 4 3 SYNCHRONISING A USER REPLICA WITH THE CENTRAL MASTER FILE eee eene 24 4 5 TROUBLESHOOTING LIPS Sx au eis osten R e bestes esposte eie Rak 24 4 6 15H i B E Ah oc 25 USER SUPPORT FOR THE RIVERS DATABASE 25 APPENDIX 1 GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN THIS MANUAL eene eene hne sen nn ese re eene ee nennen
2. SECURITY eased etaed desee dot unte dies ated ddestaveusesdevodes u SI a vea ee e kaz 1 L9 LAYOUT OF THE MANUAL 5 esset eddessetedenente eye ute es esent edge ache wS e Eventa e e eap e dee dts 2 1 6 CURRENT STATUS OF THE RIVERS DATABASE veces eene hh eene hn hse nh een nes se ensis e ressent een rni n enn 2 STRUCTURE OF THE DATABASE AND VIEWING DATA 2 2 1 VIEWING INFORMATION IN TREE VE uU Ln ehh sene nnn senses ens TEI ferS EiS 4 2 1 1 Filtering the Tree View iia esee eerte en poke se tene asena ees 4 2 7 2 Navigating totes ae prp E pr T EE E GU ep 4 2 1 3 Adding new river subregion or amp 5 2 2 SITE AND SITE VISPF INEORMATIQON aaa ga au T a ba na au Ta St 28 suu asi 6 221 Adding a new site d SD q OS Ee E na EE m et te e etu 7 2 2 2 Viewing data In See HORn A Li ssa ete EDO HORE ERR Una e Aaa SSR 7 2 2 3 Adding site data to Section A Wee ee ERE UE ERE e HEREIN ES eto 10 2 2 4 Viewing Site Visit data in Section B sse eene eene eene nemen nnne eene rene 11 2 2 5 Adding Site Visit data to Section B aa a a TS uQ 12 2 2 6 Viewing Site Visit data in Section C sse eene eene eene eene rennen eene 12 2 2 7 Adding Site Visit data in Section etr t eae 16 2 2 8 Reference Condition 3 1 STEP BY STEP INSTRUCTIONS ON USING THE QUERY DATA DESIGNER
3. Necechamelshiing oe Eve chong None Helen Dallas Deposition Bags fone os Siders Enoroachng veaa Form View ers Database v 1 03 Channel Morphology File Edit Tools RiversFunctions Window Help Current User Helen Dallas Site Organisation Southern Waters Site Visit Owner Catchment amp Land Use Water Quality Impacts Channel Morphology Channel Condition Presence of Cross section feature Channel Morphology High terrace rarely inundated Present Status nel Bank freq inundated h inundated by annual nel Bank Mid Channel Bar Flood plain inundated by annual flood Reference Condition Se St sm P x I xl PEMACMVENUS Bi Helen Dallas Left Bank Right Bank ES inom 34 Rivers Database Section B Cont Present Status File Edit Tools Rivers Functions Window Help Current User Helen Dallas Site X3MACM VENUS Organisation Southern Waters 25 Oct 1998 3 mE Owner Helen Dallas Catchment amp Land Use Water Quality Impacts Present Status Channel Condition Water abstraction presence of pumps irrigation etc Channel Morphology Inundation Water quality clarity odour presence of macrophytes etc Flow modifications Floods Instream Flow modifications Low flows Bed modification bulldozing of macrochannel Present Status Inst
4. x File Edit Tools RiversFunctions Window Help Current User Helen Dallas Site Organisation Southern Waters General Owner Helen Dallas General cont Close Form Geo Reference Geo reference Location Detail Choose an entry format Conventional GPS Comp Site Transaction Physical Characteristics Photographs Conventional GPS Latitude Longitude Latitude Longitude Active Bar Latitude Longitude stored 25 008 30 926 Reference Condition Form View SSS SiS 30 Rivers Database Section A Cont vers Database v 1 03 Location Detail E File Edit Tools Rivers Functions Window Help Current User Helen Dallas Site PGMACM VENUS zl Organisation Southern Waters General Owner Helen Dallas General cont Geo Reference Location Detail Location Detail n an Turnoff to Wilgeboom from Sabie road at lowflow bridge Physical Characteristics Site Transaction T Photographs Peri Details Name of Farm Welkom 569 arm tration Code Reference Condition Form View Seishin fas e Rivers Database v 1 03 Physical Characteristics S File Edit Tools Rivers Functions Window Help General Current User Helen Dallas Site Organisation Southern Waters Owner Helen Dallas General cont Geo Reference Location Detail Physical Characteristics and Geomorphology Physical Characteristics J Valley Form Detail Erosional Bench Site Transaction Photographs L
5. 3 M Stream Dimensions Dimension Value Comment Substratum Comp Yeciocherrel Vh INN as s y anU Deep water habitat e g pool Shallow water habitat e g riffle erage Depth m 04 era 7 Minimum Depth 04 Minimum Depth imum Depth 04 um Depth Comment I Comment Reference Condition Form view Fre 777 36 Rivers Database Section C General ivers Database Substratum Comp 129 Ele Edit Tools Rivers Functions Window Help xot sl Organisation Southern Waters W General Site Info Current User Helen Dallas R Stream Dimensions Substraturn Comp Site M3MACM VENUS ERI uoo Oct 1998 DES Owner Helen Dallas Substratum composition of the entire site Riparian Form View NUM Section C Invertebrates ivers Database v 1 03 Biotopes 189 Ele Edit Tools Rivers Functions Window Help Current User Helen Dallas Organisation Southern Waters Invertebrates d Biotopes SASS Biotopes B invest Taxa Present Habitat Assessment 209 Bintupe IEEE SE SAI Reference Condition Site ICA 25 Oct 1998 Owner Helen Dallas SIC Specific Biotope monte Fm Form View Es pes een em NOM E 37 Rivers Database Section C Invertebrates Cont E ivers Database Invert BEES File Edit Tools Rivers
6. compressed data file can be placed instructions to follow 23 Rivers Database The Central Authority will on receipt 1 Uncompress your file 2 Runanumber of checks on the replica you have sent 3 Synchronise your changes into the Master File When all participating replicas have been received by the Central Authority and applied to the central Master File the Central Authority will 1 Compact the master file twice 2 Compress the file 3 Create a CD containing the replica of the Master File 4 Send it to the users 4 4 5 Synchronising a user replica with the central Master File Each user will synchronise their replica of the Rivers Database with the Central Master File on receipt of the CD 1 Create a backup replica see previous section 2 Uncompress the master file from the supplied media DO NOT OVERWRITE your data file 3 Synchronise your data file with this master file 4 You will now have all updates made by other users in addition to changes made to your own data 4 5 Troubleshooting tips Novell networks One problem could be that the client computer is running Windows or Windows NT and using the Novell Client If so then load the Microsoft Client If the Microsoft Client is installed then make sure to get the SR1 patch for Windows 95 which includes an updated version of the Microsoft Client for Novell Networks On the network side be sure the number of record locks per conn
7. 02 mg l Admin SR 0 012 0 mg l Formview 7 39 Rivers Database Section C Riparian Vegetation amp Rivers Database File Edit Tools Rivers Functions Window Help Rip Zone Description i Current User Justine Site 23JUST RAPFID IL ES Section Organisation Southern Waters Jan 2000 M Vegetation Owner Justine Rip Zone Description Riparian Zone Description Veg Cover Riparian Zone Vegetation Cover Width m Score Left B nel 1 5 Veg Species List of a 26 50 T Veg Abundance slands 26 50 Veg Invasion 5 Vegetation Index EVC1 Disturbance Disturbance severity m Aquaculture E Afforestation General E Agriculture Livestock fai Impoundment Reference Condition Form View SEE NUM T Rivers Database Cover e x Eile Edit view Insert Format Records Tools Window Help 188 Ele Edit Tools Rivers Functions Window Help lal xl amp gt Favorites Go ml C RiverDbaselrivers mdb Current User Neels Site Z3JUST RAPID gt ge Organisation IWQS Jan 2000 zem E 2 See Rip Zone Description Vegetation Cover Veg Cover Cover Distribution Reason Problem Reference Reference Vi i eg Invasion Score Cover Distribution SI Score Veg Species List Agriculture Livestock Veg Abundance z Agriculture Livestock Agriculture Livestock ltered Clum
8. Functions Window Help Biotopes Current User Helen Dallas Site X3MACM VENUS 10 May 1995 Owner Helen Dallas Organisation Southern Waters Invertebrates Invertebrate Tax B Invert Taxa Habitat Assessment AESHNIDAE ANCYLIDAE ATHERICIDAE EPHEMER PTERA BAETIDAE 3 TYPES CRUSTACEA BRACHYURA CRABS DIPTERA CERATOPOGONIDAE ODONATA CHLOROCYPHIDAE J ODONATA COENAGRIONIDAE HEMIPTERA CORIXIDAE TRICHOPTERA ECNOMIDAE COLEOPTERA ELMIDAE DRYOPIDAE ODONATA GOMPHIDAE GYRINIDAE HELODIDAE LARVAE COLEOPTERA COLEOPTERA 22 12 2 00 12 00 12 e 00 00 1 Site Visit Reference Condition Admin Form View bp Rivers Database Habitat Assessment xX Ele Edi Tools Rivers Functions Window Help Site R3MACM VENUS ECAT a 1995 M Invertebrates x Owner Helen Dallas a Add Habitat Assessment Score Biotopes E Criterion nD Invert Taxa Hol Habitat Assessment HAI n n HOI ample HAI ypes of velocity features HAI nm HAI abitat po HAI j n H l HOI T egetation z NUM Current User Helen Dallas Organisation Southern Waters Habitat Assessment IHAS Subscores IHAS Adjustments Hal 105 Reference Condition Form view NON 38 Rivers
9. ative m 4 hragmites australis Z fj lntroduced 4 m ypha capenis ucalyptus m 4 xotic m 4 4 Acacia longifolia lt 1m Medium 2 Height 4 nN B m B w il il SS Sear 4 Rivers Database Section C Riparian Vegetation Cont Rivers Database File Edit Tools Rivers Functions Window Help amp Veg Abundance D x Current User Justine Site 23JUST RAPID Emi Au Organisation Southern Waters SICRE Jan 2000 v Vegetation Owner Justine Rip Zone Description Abundance and ranking of Riparian Vegetation Veg Cover Veg Invasion Veg Species List Veg Abundance Vegetation Index Numbers 111 Wild Olive Score Reference Condition Form View fesso ent Si NUM Rivers Database Ele Edit Tools Rivers Functions Window Help Current User Justine Site 73JUST RAPID ection Organisation Southern Waters 0 Jan 2000 e Ei Vegetation z Owner Justine Rip Zone Description Veg Cover Vg Invasion Riparian Vegetation Index Veg Species List Veg Abundance Vegetation Index CDI lage of desirable indigen etation 0 00 0 59 RDI Recruitment ol e indigen 5 00 RYI Riparian Veqetation Index Reference Condition Admin Form View NUM 42 Rivers Database Section C Fish Rive
10. i e RiverName IN Limpopo Vaal Orange will return all records for the rivers with these names compare with the use of These keys are used to return all records where the specified field has values or items either smaller than or greater than a given value or an item where the records are sorted on a numerical or alphabetical basis respectively Le RiverName lt Limpopo This will return all river names starting with any letter below than L in the alphabet The use of wildcards to return fields Whereas most programmes use the key to indicated a wildcard Microsoft Access relies on the 606 key to set wildcards Therefore in order to return all records for river names starting with A set the criteria as follows RiverName LIKE 3 22 More about Criteria Please note that it is possible to set criteria on more than one field and on fields that are not displayed in the query result 20 Rivers Database Specifying criteria enables the user to e Find records that meet one criteria and or a nother criteria for the same or different fields e Find records containing values between greater or less than equal to or not equal to specified values e Find records with values that start or end with certain characters or words or contain certain characters or words e Find records that do not match a value e Find records that contain a value not blanks Null val
11. query Click on Finish to view your Query Result in a query datasheet within the Microsoft Access Application Go to File then Office links to link the query results to either Microsoft Word or Microsoft Excel for futher manipulation An example of running a query is outlined in Appendix 3 Query Notes 1 2 3 2 3 2 1 Because great care has been taken to ensure that no inadvertent duplication of data occurs during the querying process certain queries may take a very long time to complete Such cases should be reported to the technical support Additional query components can then be generated to improve the performance of the query A good example of this is the difference in performance that can be obtained by querying against the specific component A that returns invertebrate data in rows many taxa per site visit versus the component B that returns one record of invertebrate data per site visit each taxon cross tabulated into a column For example returning chemistry data per chemistry code with avg min max and count of value when setting criteria simultaneously against data from the invertebrate component i e where Taxon Aeshnidae The query against component B completes in a fraction of the time that component A does Setting criteria Operators and wildcards Below is a short explanation of the different operators that can be used to set criteria AND This key is normally used to tes
12. simplified lithostratigraphic units Rivers Database Vegetation Type based on Low and Rebelo s 1996 potential natural vegetation of South Africa Lesotho and Swaziland Hydrological Type based on the following types perennial seasonal or ephemeral Rainfall Region season in which the majority of rain falls DWAF Gauging Station the presence of a DWAF gauging station is indicated If present the greyed boxes becomes active and the DWAF Code and estimated distance upstream or downstream of the site 15 recorded Associated System important systems associated with the site or river e g wetlands or estuaries together with distance from the site are shown b Geo reference Three different formats for longitude and latitude co ordinates are available in the database ie conventional format degree minutes seconds GPS format degrees and minutes seconds and GIS format decimal degrees Data may be entered via any format by selecting the desired format after which the other formats are calculated automatically Records are stored by clicking the Save button c Location Detail This form provides a text box for entering a relatively detailed description of how to find the site and whose land must be traversed to access the site Provision is made to indicate whether or not a permit is required where to obtain the permit whether or not a key is needed and where to obtain the key This is a descriptive form t
13. the river name 5 Select the desired navigational sequence by selecting either subregions or segments at the bottom left hand side of the tree view All subregions or segments depending on the desired sequence selected of the highlighted river will automatically appear in the block on the right of the Tree View in order of their occurrence from source to its confluence with t he parent river Rivers Database 6 Click the cross to the left of the subregion or segment to view the site codes see section 2 2 for an explanation of the site codes of all existing sites in that subregion or segment 7 Double click the site code or click to view detailed site information This action opens Section A Section B and Section C which houses all site and site visit information 8 Click Refresh to return the screen to the original form of the Tree View 9 Click Rebuild Tree to incorporate chan ges made to the Tree View 10 Click River Subregion to add edit or delete rivers or subregions see Section 2 1 3 11 Picklist Options is an administrative function whereby drop down lists etc are edited Access to this is strictly controlled 12 Click Exit to close the database 2 1 3 Adding a new river subregion or segment With the exception of the Mpumalanga region users will need to enter information at the river subregion and segment if appropriate level before entering informatio
14. 27 APPENDIX 2 SCREEN DUMPS OF THE DIFFERENT FORMS IN EACH SECTION OF THE RIVERS DATABASE 29 Rivers Database 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 Background The development of the Rivers Database was initiated as a small component of the Ecological Reference Condition project which began in August 1997 within the national River Health Programme RHP Initially the purpose of the Rivers Database was to store data collected for the derivation of ecological reference conditions for Mpumalanga However during the course of this project the need for a system which would ensure the efficient storage and management of all ecological information collected as part of the RHP became evident Consequently the Rivers Database project was expanded to include all aspects of general importance to the RHP thereby providing a standard biomonitoring data protocol for the collation and management of data on a national scale 12 Current data Besides its basic framework for the inclusion of biomonitoring data the Rivers Database currently houses a considerable amount of data In particular data collected as part of the pilot study from the Mpumalanga region for the final design phase of the RHP Roux 1999 together with historic data for primary catchments B and X are included in the database Institute for Water Quality Studies IWQS Department of Water Affairs amp Forestry DWAF Using existing spatial information captured in Geographic Infor
15. Database Section C Chemistry Rivers Database v 1 03 Chemistry general File Edit View Insert Format Records Tools Window Help E Ele Edit Tools Rivers Functions Window Help Current User Helen Dallas Site Organisation Southern Waters TCR drt aml oO Oct 1998 x be Section Owner Helen Dallas Chemistry general Water Chemistry B run nas Fastest Flow not l re XE er Filtered Yes Volume filtered rl 1 5 ENEEN nn l ORC Macrophytes Algae Reference Condition E A Rivers Database 1 emis data _ a x File Edit View Insert Format Records Tools Window Help E File Edit Tools Rivers Functions Window Help xj elen Dalla X3MACM VENUS Section Orga atio 0 ate 10 1995 T xt Section B eter CREPE as ater Chemistry O alla Chemistry Value Comment Below max det limit Unit Min Max 0029 0 mg l data AL H 0 104 L1 mg l B 0 002 mg l B H 0 002 mg l BA 0 009 0 mg l 0 013 mg l CD 0 001 mg l CD H 0 001 mg l CR 0 003 mg l CR H 0 006 L1 mg l CU 0 004 mg l CU H 0 004 mg l DO 8 9 0 mg l DOPER 96 U FE 0 012 L1 mg l FE H 0 023 L1 mg l MN 0 003 a mg l MN H 0 004 L1 mg l MO 0 006 mg l MO H 0 006 mg l N 3 0 mg l NI 0 004 mg l NI H 0 015 L1 mg l Reference Condition PB 0 02 mg l PB H 0
16. National Aquatic Ecosystem Biomonitoring Programme Rivers database A user manual NAEBP Report Series No 1 1 x Department of Water Department of Environmental Water Research Affairs and Forestry Affairs and Tourism Commission Published by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry March 2000 All enquiries should be addressed to The Director Institute for Water Quality Studies Private Bag X313 PRETORIA 0001 Republic of South Africa Tel 012 808 0374 Copyright reserved This report should be cited as Fowler J H Dallas and P Janssens 2000 Rivers database A user manual NAEBP Report Series No 11 Institute for Water Quality Studies Department of Water Affairs and Forestry Pretoria South Africa Compiled by J Fowler H Dallas amp P Janssens Southern Waters Ecological Research and Consulting cc Freshwater Research Unit University of Cape Town CAPE TOWN South Africa And Soft Craft Systems P O Box 30169 TOKAI South Africa TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 APPENDIX 3 STEP BY STEP EXAMPLE A QUERY SETTING SPECIFIC CRITERIA 1 1 BACKGROUND iiss dict 1 1 2 CURRENTDATAV ASR Le RS e edes ette dete eor ety ede eto eoe edet cau a rode 1 1 3 MAINTENANCE AND FUTURE LINKS TO THE WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM WMS 1 1 4 USER GONTROL AND
17. Permit Required Permit Acquired and Key Needed fields Adding physical characteristics and geomorphology data Add Valley Form Detail using the Add Valley Form drop down list Several valley forms may be added for each site Use drop down lists to add other information If Alluvial with Dominant Types is selected as the Channel Type then Dominant Types becomes active and is populated using the drop down lists in the Add Dominant Types Several types may be added for each site Site transaction This form is automatically updated and cannot be edited Adding photographs The area or feature photographed is selected from a drop down list and the spool number and photo number are entered to a keep a record of user specific photographs A unique Photographic ID Code is allocated to each photograph This ID Code consists of the Site Code combined with the first letter of area photographed combined with the date of the sit e visit e g X2SABI HOXAN U 28111999 10 Rivers Database 2 2 4 Viewing Site Visit data in Section B Section B consists of five forms which include fields that relate to catchment condition and channel features Components of this section are checked and reassessed if necessary and therefore the information is site visit specific Le the information is related to a specific sampling date The following procedure outlines the steps taken when viewing data for a specified site code and da
18. Report Series No 10 Institute for Water Quality Studies Department of Water Affairs and Forestry Pretoria South Africa Day J A H F Dallas amp A Wackernagel 1998 Delineation of management regions for South African rivers based on water chemistry Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management 1 183 197 Kemper 1999 RVI Riparian Vegetation Index Draft report to the Water Research Commission WRC Project No K5 850 Kleynhans C J 1999 The dev elopment of a fish index to assess the biological integrity of South African rivers Water SA 25 3 265 278 Kleynhans C J M Silberbauer amp Kemper 1998 Preliminary ecoregion level 1 classification for South Africa Draft document for the Institute for Water Quality Studies Department of Water Affairs amp Forestry Low A B amp A G Rebelo 1996 Vegetation of South Africa Lesotho and Swaziland Dept Of Environmental Affairs amp Tourism Pretoria Matthews R A A L Buikema J Jr Cairns amp J H Rodgers 1982 Biological monitoring Part IIA Receiving system functional methods relationships and indices Water Research 16 129 139 Reynoldson T B H Norris V H Resh E Day amp D M Rosenberg 1997 The reference condition a comparison of multimetric and multivariate approaches to assess water quality impairment using benthic macroinvertebrates J N Benthol Soc 16 4 833 852 Roux D J Ed 1999 Development of procedures for the impl
19. a specific region political bioregion ecoregi on catchment secondary or quaternary subregion hydrological type rainfall region or by river site code map reference or DWAF gauging station code Once a selection has been made using the drop down lists in the fields Filter trees for and all parent rivers and associated tributaries in which the selected criteria are met and returned Matching sites are returned and may be viewed in the drop down list Matching sites The navigational sequence to the selected site is displayed and inclu des the name s of all rivers above it in the hierarchy together with the subregion in which the site occurs To clear the selection criteria click the Clear button and refresh screen to view all rivers 2 1 2 Navigating to sites 1 Click the cross to the left of the river name of a given parent river to expand the tributaries of that river To reverse the operation and contract the tributaries click on the minus sign next to the appropriate river 2 Select the desired sort order of rivers and their tribut aries by selecting either the alphabetical order or sequential order which sorts the rivers and their tributaries either alphabetically or in the order of occurrence from source to sea along a parent river respectively 3 Continue clicking the cross to the left of each river in the hierarchy until the desired river has been found 4 Highlight the desired river by clicking on
20. an zone bank bed island and bars by exotic reeds and terrestrial vegetation is recorded An exotic Percentage Cover of Indigenous Species PCDI and a terrestrial PCDI score are calculated e Vegetation Species List A list of species present is given together with the type tree reed shrub forb or sedge and status exotic introduced or native For each species both the number of individuals in each height class and the abundance measured low medium high and ery high for each height class is recorded e Vegetation Abundance The dominant vegetation types are ranked on the basis of either recruitment biomass or abundance The Recruitment of Desirable Indigenous species RDI is rated e Vegetation Index All scores calculated for the vegetation section are displayed including EVC PCDI SI and RDI From these sub scores the Riparian Vegetation Index RVD is calculated e Fish The fish component has been developed by Kleynhans 1999 and details pertaining to the method are described in Kleynhans 1999 Currently one form is available for this component e Fish samples Data are given for different combinations of depth and flow including deep slow shallow slow deep fast and shallow fast Fish species collected using established fish codes via each of three sampling methods cast net seine net or shock apparatus are recorded together with sampling effort The extent of aquatic vegetation overhanging vegetation s
21. annel flow rate of the impact on channel flow of coarse woody debris or any other obstruction Specify if the source is local or upstream and add additional comments in the text box e Stream Dimensions Macro channel active channel and water surface widths left and right bank heights and minimum maximum and average depths of the available deep and shallow water biotopes are given The type of deep or shallow water biotope can also be detailed if necessary Details of the methodology are given in Dallas 2000 Substratum Composition The relative percentage contribution of each substratum type bedrock boulder cobble pebble gravel sand and silt mud is given for the bed and ba nk These substratum types together with an additional substratum type soil is assessed for the riparian zone Kemper 1999 The degree of embeddedness is also provided Details of the methodology are given in Dallas 2000 b Invertebrates Biotopes Biotopes have been included at two levels namely SASS biotopes e g SIC SOOC marginal vegetation aquatic vegetation gravel sand mud silt and specific biotopes e g cobble riffle bedrock rapid backwater Palmiet etc presence of each is recorded and relative percentage estimated for each level Details of the methodology are given in Dallas 2000 13 Rivers Database e Invertebrate SASS data for invertebrates is given at either the site visit level or the biotop
22. ast one component should be a General Component in the list of Available Components by first selecting the component and then clicking on the Right Arrow to place your selection in the Select Components list box To unselect any component highlight that componen t in the Select Components list box and click on the Left Arrow Select the fields that are desired to appear in the query from the Available Fields list box This is achieved by first selecting all the desired fields and then by clicking on the Down Arrow to place the selection in the Select Fields list box To unselect any field highlight the field in the Select Fields list box and click on the Up Arrow Note Data from only one of the specific components can be included in the final query 5 6 7 8 Set the order in which the fields should appear in the query by selecting a field and moving it up or down by clicking on the Up or Down Arrow The data in the query can now be sorted or aggregated To sort the data select the field by which the data is to be sorted click on Down Arrow of the first drop down box to see the available options i e None Asc Ascending Desc Descending It is possible to sort according to more than one field To aggregate the data select the field by which to apply an a ggregate function and click on the Down Arrow of the second drop down box to see the available options i e Avg Count Sum etc It is possible to supply d
23. ateral Mobility Channel Form Channel Pattern Channel Type Dominant Typ Reference Condition Add Dominant Type Form View SSS SS SS ESSI 3l Rivers Database Section A Cont Rivers Database Ele Edit Tools Rivers Functions Window Help Current User Neels Site Z3JUST RAPID 1 EB p Organisation IWQS porer Owner Neels General cont Geo alerence Site Transaction Field Prior Data Modified to Date Time User Organisation Biological Region Eastern Seaboard 2000 01 07 Neels Location Detail Physical Characteristics Site Transaction Photographs Reference Condition Calculating Eq A Rivers Database Ele Edi View Insert Format Records Tools Window Help Eile Edit Tools Rivers Functions Window Help gt f Favorites Gor Fl C RiverDbaselrivers mdb Current User Neels Site Z3JUST RAPID oa All a y Organisation IWQS General Owner Neels General cont z Photographic Record Area Date Spool No Photo No Photograph ID code Comment Bankside amp Jan 2000 1 http www 5 meqs Physical Characteristics f 6 Jan 2000 1 http www 50meqs com ly Site Transaction Geo Reference Location Detail Photographs Form View SS SS 32 Rivers Database Section B Rivers Database Catchment amp Land Use File Edit Tools Rivers Functions Window Help Current User Helen Dalla
24. ates still to be established Fish separate fish database only for Mpumalanga region at present lt lt Adding a new site via the Tree View or Section A General Information Assessed during each site visit Section C e General gt Site Visit information gt Stream dimensions gt Substratum composition Invertebrates gt Biotopes gt Invertebrate taxa gt Habitat assessment Water chemistry gt Chemistry general gt Chemistry data Riparian vegetation Riparian zone description Vegetation cover Invasion of riparian zone Riparian vegetation species list Abundance and ranking of riparian vegetation Riparian vegetation index Fish Fishsamples Figure 2 1 Schematic diagram showing the various components included in the RiverBatabase Rivers Database 2 1 Viewing information in Tree View The purpose of the Tree View is to allow one to efficiently navigate to rivers their tributaries and subregions or segments either to view sites on rivers already entered into the database or to add new sites or new site visits to existing sites see section 2 2 3 The Tree View is divided into two sections as follows e all existing parent rivers and their tributaries are viewed in the left hand block e subregions and site codes are viewed in the right hand block 2 4 Filtering the Tree View A searching function has been added to the Tree View to enable the user to navigate and locate sites within
25. c changes in the environmen t with the intent to use this information in a quality control programme Matthews et al 1982 The conditions that control which records to display in a query the words or values used to determine the data that appears in a data list The person responsible for either site or site visit information which is entered into the database The ownership of data is automatically assigned to the user who enters the data into the database Information can only be altered or changed when the user and owner are the same The person who is logged on to the Rivers Database according to a predetermined user name and password The Data Joiner defines a common link between the different data components that have been defined The copy of the database that acts as a template for the other replicates Changes to the database structure of the design master will automatically be propagated to the replica during the process of synchronisation A predetermined list of options for a text box which limits the user to select one of these text options This is the condition that is representative of a group of least impacted or minimally disturbed habitats organised by selected physical chemical and biological attributes Reynoldson et al 1997 It acts as a bench mark with which monitoring information can be compared thereby providing a means of estimating the degree of degradation or deviation from natural conditio
26. e level depending on whether biotopes were sampled separately or not To view taxa from each biotope the appropriate biotope is selected from the drop down list A lt Site Visit gt option is included to view all SASS data at the level of site visit SASS4 Score Number of Taxa and ASPT are calc ulated automatically for all taxa as are the scores for air breathing taxa e Habitat Assessment Three habitat assessments are included namely Habitat Assessment Matrix HAM Habitat Quality Index HQI and Invertebrate Habitat Assessment System IHAS Only one of these per site visit is given and scores for each are calculated below the entry data Sub components of the IHAS score are given in the various tabs at the bottom of the form Details of the methodology are given in Dallas 2000 c Water Chemistry The water chemistry information is divided into two sections namely chemistry general and chemistry data General includes sampling process details and information related to water condition whilst data tabulates actual chemistry data coll ected in the field or analysed in the laboratory e Chemistry general Fastest flow Were the meters positioned in the fastest flowing section of the stream Samples collected Details of the filtering freezing preservation and analysis method Macrophytes and algae The presence and percentage cover of each is estimated and additional details such as species is recorded in the comment text fie
27. e replica to return to a normal non replicated database You will not be able to transfer any new data in any easy way into the master file Creating a Backup Replica 1 Select Replication Manager from Rivers Function on the Menu Bar 2 Click on Create a Backup Replica 3 Select a folder in which to store the new replica in 4 Click OK This backup replica rivdat mdb serves as a local backup as well as a copy that will subsequently be sent to the Central Authority for synchronising with the Design Master 4 4 2 Creating a replica to send to the Central Authority The following procedure should be adhered to prior to sending the modified database to the Central Authority e Synchronise your database with your backup replica 1 Select Replication Manager from Rivers Function on the Menu B ar 2 Click Synchronize with a backup Replica see previous section 3 Select the folder in which the replica is found 4 Click OK e Compact the data file 1 Select Replication Manager from Rivers Function on the Menu 2 Click Compact Database e Compress the data file using a compression utility such as WinZip 7 supplied on the installation CD e If you do not have a CD writer you will have to use compression with the disk spanning option e g onto formatted 3 5 inch stiffies e Send the compressed file to Southern Waters an FTP site will be available later where the
28. ection is set to 10 000 and the Max record locks that the server can handle 15 set to 200 000 Database corruption problems Microsoft Access does not handle data collisions well Make sure your network is not faulty because this will cause your database to crash and to become corrupted Once a replica is corrupted it cannot participate in synchron ization Should I use backup utilities with my replicas You don t really need to replication itself is a good mechanism for creating backups Use another replica member on another physical drive or computer to back up your replicas Synchronize on a 24 Rivers Database regular basis to ensure a minimum amount of downtime should you ever need to restore from the backup replica Should a replica member become corrupted or lost due to media theft or failure simply create a new replica from another replica in the replicas et Replication You cannot create a backup replica using the button on the Replication Manager form if you have Office 2000 installed Please contact technical support for information on a workaround 4 6 X Utilities Winzip 7 0 1 Start Windows Explorer 2 Enter directory containing Winzip70 exe and execute program by double clicking on winzip70 exe 3 Click Setup button to begin installation 4 Select a folder in which Winzip will be installed and click OK 5 After agreeing to licensing select Winzip Classic and t hen Express Setup 6 C
29. ementation of the National River Health Programme in the province of Mpumalanga Draft report to the Water Research Commission on the project Development of procedures for the Regional implementation and maintenance of the national River Health programme Rowntree K M amp R A Wadeson 1998 A hierarchical geomorphological model for the classification of selected South African rivers Final report to the Water Research Commission Rowntree K M amp G Ziervogel In prep Geomorphological Index User s field guide Draft report for the River Health Programme Department of Geography Rhodes University Vegter J R 1995 Geology map of South Africa with simplified lithostratigraphy for geohydrological use Simplified lithostratigraphy digitised by A Havenga Council for Geosciences 1994 Water Research Commission TT 74 95 26 Rivers Database Appendix 1 Glossary of terms used in this manual Navigational sequence Biomonitoring Criteria Data owner Data user Data Joiner Design Master Drop down list Ecological Reference Condition Free text box The hierarchical sequence of Parent Rivers their tributaries subregions and sites can be sorted either alphabetically or according to the sequence of occurrence from source to sea The navigational sequence is therefore the map of the route to navigate to a site The systematic use of biological responses to evaluate primarily anthropogeni
30. ereof and who Rivers Database wish their data to contribute to the national database will need to work through their regional champion For security purposes all users will need to register and will be allocated a user name and password All users will be able to view the data but only the owner of a particular data set will be able to edit data that has been added under their user name A site transaction form tracks changes made to site level components of the database and enables a detailed record to be kept of such changes 1 5 Layout of the manual This manual has been written as a guide to users of the Rivers Database application It is divided into the following sections e General structure of the database viewing and editing data and adding new data e Querying the database e Technical Information Terms used in this manual are described in the glossary appended Appendix 1 Additional details are available in the manual written for the ecological reference condition project Dallas 2000 and on which the Rivers Database is based 1 6 Current status of the Rivers Database This manual accompanies the Rivers Database currently distributed on CD Most components of the database are finalised with the exception of the riparian vegetation and fish indices Both of these indices require testing and further refinement It is likely that additional components such as hydrological and geomorphological indices may be incorp
31. es gorge 0 X3MACM BRAND amp Foothill cobble Bed 0 X3MACM FALLS 2 ENUS River subregions and sites Filter Tr habetical Sequential Matchin Section A Rivers Database v 1 03 General FB Ele Edit Tools Rivers Functions Window Help General General cont Geo Reference Physical Characteristics LU i B Location Detail Site Transaction Photographs Current User Helen Dallas 3MACM VENUS gt All Organisation Southern Waters Helen Dallas General Site Information X3MACM VENUS Tributa on 1Jan1 MI MAC VEN ZMAC WEL Tribut Name Mac Mac At Venus timbers roadbridge Welkom mx nre Bare Mpumalanga j pill Northern Uplands Ecoregion I North East ary C nt Code 3 El Catchmer omment good 5455 site Iz xs Ae Helen Dallas bd Form View 29 Rivers Database amp Rivers Database v 1 03 General cont gt E File Edit Tools Rivers Functions Window Help lal Current User Helen Dallas Site PGMACM VENUS EN Organisation Southern Waters 1 Owner Helen Dallas General cont Geofeleience General Site Information continued Location Detail Physical Characteristics n gradient Po Site Transaction Vi Sour Lowveld Bushveld Photographs wa Perennial S Form View fef AER TEST Section A Cont Rivers Database v 1 03 Geo Reference
32. from the drop down list 4 Press tab to move the cursor to the abundance column and enter abundance A B C or D 5 Repeat until all taxa have been entered 6 Repeat step 1 to 5 for the next biotope if appropriate 7 Click Site Visit Taxa if site visit scores are desired Habitat Assessment To enter data 1 Select habitat assessment method HAM or IHAS from the drop down list 2 Click Add Habitat Assessment 3 Position mouse in the first field under the Score column and enter value 4 Tab down and click Calculate to return score s 16 Rivers Database 5 remove an assessment select the appropriate habitat assessment from the drop down list and click Remove Habitat Assessment c Water Chemistry e Chemistry general To add data click the appropriate boxes and enter data into the associated text boxes Note that some fields only become active once the preceding box has been clicked e Chemistry data To enter data 1 Position the cursor in first field of the chemistry column 2 Type the first letter of the chemistry code and scroll down until the correct variable is highlighted 3 Press tab to move the cursor to the value column and enter value 4 Tab to comment field and add text if necessary 5 Tab to chemistry and repeat process until all chemistry variables have been added d Riparian Vegetation Data are entered using the appropriate drop down lists text boxe
33. hich the user is affiliated In this way a complete record is kept of any changes that may be made to th e site information Although the information included in Section A is site specific and therefore should not change over time it is important to allow changes to be made for e g if land ownership changes or improved GPS technology allows more accurate geo referencing of a site f Photographs Photographs of the upstream downstream or bankside views or specific features at the site are stored on a website which is linked to the database Each photograph has a unique Photographic ID Code which consists of basic site code plus the letter u for upstream d for downstream b for bankside or s for a specific feature and then the site visit date The date is specified using the convention ddmmyyyy to indicate the day month and year 2 2 5 Adding site data to Section A Most information is added directly into the text boxes or using the drop down lists Specifics are as follows Adding general site information data Populate each field from the drop down lists or by typing in the free text boxes Adding geo reference data Select the format of the co ordinates to be entered ie conventional GPS or GIS and enter the values in the appropriate fields Adding location details Add text directly to the appropriate fields Certain free text boxes only become active when the appropriate tick boxes are ticked including the
34. ifferent aliases column headings for each of the selected fields To set criteria for a query e g only return records for province of Mpumalanga select the appropriate provincial field from the Available Fields list box and click on Edit e Choose the field again on the keypad e g Province e Choose an operator e g e Click on Refresh under the Values List Box to see the distinct available data items and choose a value e g Mpumalanga by clicking on Add e You should now see Province Mpumalanga If data are being aggregated the user has the option to filter the returned data based o n the value of this aggregation e g to only return sites where the average pH for all collected data gt 7 5 The use of different operators and wildcards is described in section 3 2 9 The Query Data Designer will now indicate that all the necessary data re quired to generate the query has been collected The Data Joiner defines a common link between the different data components that have been defined The conditions that control which records to display in a query the words or values used to determine the d ata that appears in a data list 18 Rivers Database 10 11 12 Click on View Results to run a spot check on the resulting data If no data is returned an error may have occurred during the specification of criteria The user may return and re specify criteria in th e
35. ld e Chemistry data All chemistry data for the site visit is given together with the standard units of measurement a nd values d Riparian Vegetation The riparian vegetation component has been developed by Kemper 1999 and details pertaining to the method are described in Kemper 1999 Six forms constitute the riparian vegetation component of the database Details for viewing information within each form are as follows e Riparian Zone Description Vegetation cover and width of the riparian zone on the left and right bank of the active channel and islands are recorded together with disturbances to the riparian zone rate d in terms of severity Extent of Vegetation Cover EVC scores 1 and 2 are calculated automatically 14 Rivers Database e Vegetation cover Percentage contribution of grasses sedges reeds shrubs and trees as well as bare ground is given together with the relevant distribution pattern of each i e clumped continuous scattered sparse The reason for the current distribution pattern relative to the natural condition at the site i e land use and the problem score or rate low medium high and very high is also recorded A Structural Intactness SI score is automatically calculated according to a comparison matrix between the present day and reference state see Section 2 2 8 for a description of the reference condition component e Vegetation invasion The extent of the invasion of the ripari
36. lick Finish to complete installation CuteFTP This utility is supplied to eventually enable you to fetch and place your transfer replicate onto an FTP site on the central authority s Internet FTP server 5 USER SUPPORT FOR THE RIVERS DATABASE Version 1 of the Rivers Database has been distributed to all provincial champions and other relevant authorities known to be doing biomonitoring work in South Africa It is likely during the course of using the database that problems and suggestions for improvement will be noted Users are encouraged to send comments to one of the two following organisations Southern Waters Ecological Research amp Consulting Soft Craft Systems cc Technical Support Contact Justine Fowler or Helen Dallas Contact Pierre Janssens Fax 427 21 650 3887 Fax 427 21 713 0977 Tel 27 21 650 3633 Tel 27 21 713 0976 Email jfowler botzoo uct ac za hdallas botzoo uct ac za email pierre SoftCraft co za 25 Rivers Database 6 REFERENCES Brown C A S Eekhout amp J M King 1996 National Biomonitoring programme for riverine ecosystems Technical considerations and protocol for the selection of reference and monitoring sites NBP Report Series No 3 Institute for Water Quality Studies Department of Water Affairs and Forestry Pretoria Dallas 2000 Ecological reference condition project Field manual General Information catchment condition invertebrates and water chemistry NAEBP
37. mation This form provides information pertaining to each site visit or sampling occasion All users may view the data but only the Owner may edit the data linked to the particular site visit Each field is described briefly below and the reader is referred to the glossary or Dallas 2000 if additional clarification is required Details of each field are given below 12 Rivers Database Note If data in this section is collected on different dates but which is still considered to be part of the same site visit then the earliest date should be used For example if SASS data was collected on 06 06 1999 and fish data on 07 06 1999 both should be entered as 06 06 1999 This is necessary to enable subsequent queries to be linked to common site visits Date Visited date dd mmm yyyy of site visit Time time hh mm of assessment Assessor name of assessor Organisation organisation to which assessor is affiliated Water Level water level at time of sampling dry isolated pools low flow moderate flow high flow flood Rainfall in the last 4 days Indicates the presence and extent of any rainfall event prece ding the site visit Water Turbidity the colour and degree of visibility is indicated clear discoloured opaque or silty Vegetation Sampling Instructions details of the exact position at which the riparian vegetation assessment was conducted Canopy Cover extent of canopy cover open closed partially open Impact on ch
38. mation Systems GIS basic information regarding rivers and their subregions was extracted for the design of the tree view Also basic site information such as longitude latitude geological and vegetation type has been extracted from GIS covers Most of the biological data that are available relate to invertebrate taxa using SASS water chemistry and habitat characteristics collected for water quality assessments undertaken by IWQS since 1993 1 3 Maintenance and future links to the Water Management System WMS It is envisaged that a central body such as DWAF would maintain the national Rivers Database with each province or authority having their own regional Rivers Database Although mechanisms of updating the Rivers Database at provincial and national levels are being explored the exact process of data transferral has not yet been finalised However it is likely that the Rivers Database will link up with the Water Management System WMS which is being developed by DWAF and will ultimately house all water resource related data Discussions are currently underway with the database architects of the WMS to determine the most efficient means of transferring data between the Rivers Database and the WMS 1 4 User control and data security It will be the responsibility of each regional authority or champion to facilitate and regulate the capture of data at regional level All authorities applying the RHP or components th
39. n This appears automatically since the user has to specify the subregion within whi ch the site falls An unspecified option is given if the subregion is not known Segment Based on the subdivision of rivers into homogenous stretches in terms of fish habitat as defined by Kleynhans 1999 Description details of site location e g farm name road bridge village etc Map Reference either 1 250 000 or 1 50 000 Site Length length of river being assessed Political Region one of seven regions BioRegion one of 18 bioregions as identified in Brown et al 1996 Ecoregion one of 18 as identified in Kleynhans et al 1998 WQ Region one of seven water quality regions as identified in Day et al 1998 Secondary Catchment Code DWAF secondary drainage region Catchment Area area km of the secondary catchment Quaternary Catchment Code DW AF Quaternary drainage region Comment Any additional information which may be pertinent to the site which has not been included in the forms Source Distance distance from source of river estimated from 1 50 000 map Contour Range altitude range within which site falls estimated off 1 50 000 map 50 m intervals Stream Order order estimated of 1 50 000 map using the Strahler method Slope gradient calculated as the vertical difference between contours m divided by horizontal distance between contours estimated from 1 50 000 map Geological Type based on Vegter s 1995
40. n for specific sites The process of adding a new river and subregions or segments to the Tree View is explained in this section To add a new river 1 Click River Subregion 2 in the name of the new river to be added If it is a tributary of a river which already exist s in the database then select the relevant river from a drop down list which appears when the down arrow to the right is selected If the new river is a parent river then the is a tributary of box is left blank but the parent river box is ticked by c licking in the relevant box 3 Select the secondary catchment code into which that river falls from the existing dropdown list 4 Type in the order of occurrence of a river if it is a tributary of another river in the Sort Order box E g if the Klip River i s the 23 tributary of the Blyde River by counting tributaries from the source of the Blyde River to its confluence with the Olifants River then type 23 in this box If the sort order is unknown then the rivers and their tributaries are automatically s orted alphabetically in the tree view 5 Click the Add Record button To add a new subregion 1 Choose the river to which a new subregion will be added from the drop down list at the top of the form 2 the details of that river appear on the form select the subregions tab Rivers Database 3 Select a subregion from the drop down list and enter its sequence from the so
41. n the new site code 4 Click the Add Site button on the form This will update the site code in the header and populate the drop down list with the new site code Note If the Add Site button is clicked again at this point the site code box will be cleared and a new site may be added to the same river and subregion 5 The river name is confirmed by checking the drop down list of river name together with the secondary catchment code tributary of subregion and tributary sequence All additional site information is added into the appropriate text or numeric fields directly or using the drop down lists 6 add a site to a different river or subregion return to the Tree View form navigate to the appropriate river and subregion and repeat this process 2 2 2 Viewing data in Section A Section A contains five forms which display general information about a site and a sixth form which summarises any chang es made to this information The following procedure outlines the steps taken when viewing data for a specified site code selected in the Tree View 1 Click Section A to view all forms which apply to this section 2 Double click General to open the gener al site information 3 Repeat step 2 to view each separate form in the section Details pertaining to each form are given below The process by which a new site is added is described in section 2 2 1 a General Site information General site information spans t
42. nd click edit This opens the Field criterion form which allows you to select the secondary catchment codes for which data should be returned In this example we want data from sites in secondary catchments B1 B3 and B4 therefore click on the Secondary Catchment Code button e Click the IN key e Click the refresh key to show all available fields e Using the keys on the right select B1 B3 and B4 so that the text in the criterion box reveals the following Secondary Catchment Code IN B1 B3 B4 e Click Go to Chem Code and click edit This opens the Field criterion form which allows you to select the specific chemistry parameter for specifying criteria In this case pH e Click on the Chem code button e Click the key e Click the refresh key to show all available fields e Select so that the text in the criterion box reveals the following Chem code e Click Go to Chem Value and click edit This opens the Field criterion form which allows you to select the pH range or limitations for which data should be returned in the query output In this case data should only be returned for sampling visits where the pH was greater than 4 e Click on the Chem Value button e Click the gt key 45 Rivers Database e Type 4 note no inverted commas are necessary when setting criteria using numbers so that
43. ning the data file This prompt will appear every time at start up if the application cannot find the data file e g if you placed the file on a network drive and you have lo st your drive mapping if your network is down or if you have physically moved as opposed to copied the rivdat mdb file to a new location 3 Login by choosing your organisation from the list and using your supplied username 4 Click on login 5 Enter password 4 4 Synchronising and replicating the database The Rivers Database has been developed in such a way that several users are able to add data to their version of the database rivdat mdb Once modified these individual copies of the database need to be incorporated into the Master File by the Central Authority provisionally Southern Waters so that global updates of the database can then be distributed to users This process is termed replication and sychronisation 22 Rivers Database 4 4 1 Replicating or backing up the d abase Within the application there is a utility to create a backup replica of the application It is very important that the data file is restored from a backup replica see Replication Manager If the data file becomes corrupted it is important to replace the file with the last good backup replica If you compact a replica that is corrupted it will lose its replicable status and Design Master status if it s the Design Master Compacting a corrupted replica causes th
44. ns A box which allows the user to type whatever text is desired within that box See drop down list for a comparison 27 Rivers Database Geological type Hydrological type Parent river Quaternary catchment code Replica Replication Secondary catchment code Segment Site level components Site visit components Subregion Synchronization Tick boxes Tree View Vegetation type Simplified lithostratigraphic units as defined by Vegter 1995 Can be one of three types based on the occurrence of flowing water in the system i e perennial flows continuously all year round seasonal flows annually at a predictable time of year but ceases to flow for some time each year and ephemeral flows periodically every few years Dallas 2000 The central or common river into which all rivers within a catchment flow A code for each quaternary drainage region as classified for South Africa by DWAF A replica is a copy of the database A replica is a member of a replica set and can be synchronized with other replicas in the set Changes to the data in a replicated table in one replica are sent and applied to the other replicas and the Design Master Replication is the pro cess of creating and synchronizing replicas in separate locations Replication ensures that changes made to the data of a database are sent and applied to all the members of the replica set A code for secondary drainage regions as classified f
45. o facilitate future access to the site for monitors who may not have visited the site previously d Physical Characteristics and Geomorphology Five components namely Valley Form Lateral Mobility Channel Form Channel Pattern and Channel Type are in cluded Selection and descriptions of these geomorphological components are taken from Rowntree and Wadeson 1998 and are summarised in the field manual for the collection of biomonitoring data Dallas 2000 One or more Valley Form features may be pr esent but only one type is selected for Lateral Mobility Channel Form Channel Pattern and Channel Type When the Channel selected is alluvial the Dominant Type s of substratum are recorded e Site Transaction The site transaction fo rm is an inventory of all changes that are made to the information entered in Section A When a user changes information that was entered on a previous occasion in Section A the user is asked to confirm whether the change should be made If the user con firms these changes then Rivers Database the database automatically updates the Site Transaction form with these changes The following information is recorded on this form the field which has been changed the information that was initially recorded for that field the new information added to that field the date that the changes were made the user who is responsible for making the changes and the organisation to w
46. ogy Additional information related to channel morphology may be added in this form It is based on a diagram from Kemper 1999 and is particul arly relevant for interpretation of the riparian index The presence of each cross section feature is noted for both the left and right banks by clicking the appropriate box e Present Status Scores allocated to each instream and riparian component are dis played and Instream Status 11 Rivers Database Riparian Status Overall Status are automatically calculated and displayed together with the associated Present Status Class Details of the methodology are given in Dallas 2000 2 2 5 Adding Site Visit data to Section B To add a new site visit click the Add New Site Visit button and enter the date in the following format dd mm yy You are prompted to confirm the new site visit date which when confirmed enables one to add additional site visit data for that date A dditional data are added as follows Adding catchment and landuse data One or several land uses are selected from the drop down list and the extent of each within 5 m and beyond 5 m rated depending on the level of the impact Any specific information about each entry can be included in the free text box titled detail on the form Adding water quality impactdata The impact of each land use is automatically added to this form from the previous section It may be altered if necessary via the dro
47. or South Africa by DWAF A length of river which is regarded as uniform in terms of the integrity of habitat for fish as defined by Kleynhans 1999 information which is specific to a site but does not vary over time ie information which is spatially defined rather then temporally defined information which is specific to the date of collection of such information i e information about a site which may vary over time The geomorphological zones of river channels based on channel gradient as defined by Rowntree et al 1996 The process of updating a pair of replicas all modifications and additions to data are exchanged A box which is ticked when a positive action is recorded A form showing the hierarchical sequence of Parent Rivers and their triburaries as well as their subregions and site codes The potential natural vegetation of South Africa Lesotho and Swaziland according to Low and Rebelo 1996 28 Rivers Database Appendix 2 Screen dumps of the different forms in each section of the Rivers Database Tree View File Edit Tools Rivers Functions Window Help Database located in C RiverDbase Rivdat mdb Olifants B3 F Olifants B5 F Olifants B7 Sabie Avinagamu Goudstroom Hluvamaduba Klein S abie Langspruit Lone Creek Lubye Lubye Mac Mac Malieveldsoruit Add Site be Parent rivers and their tributaries unspecified 0 amp Rejuvenated Cascad
48. orated in subsequent phases of the Rivers Database Further development on the reference condition aspect of the database is also planned for future phases 2 STRUCTURE OF THE DATABASE AND VIEWING DATA The Rivers Database is divided into two broad components as follows e Editing and viewing the data this facilitates the entry and viewing of data via a hierarchical Tree View Querying the data this allows for the extraction of data already entered in the database A schematic diagram of the database structure and the various components is given in Figure 2 1 The different forms from each section are displayed in Appendix 2 Note Neither the riparian vegetation or fish components are populated with real data and forms displayed are therefore merely fictitious examples Rivers Database Tree View Rivers parent and tributaries Y Adding River s and uec subregion s via the Tree View Subregions geomorphological zones Section A e General information Geo reference e Location details e Physical characteristics and geomorphology Site transaction record Photographs Assessed during initial site visit and checked during each subsequent site visit Section B e Catchment and land use Water quality impacts Channel condition Channel morphology Present status Reference condition data from relevant components are compared with historical or reference data Riparian vegetation Invertebr
49. p down list The extent of impact is rated and whether or not the impact is from a point source is indicated by clicking the appropriate box Any specific comments about the impacts can be included in the free text box Adding channel condition data In channel and bank modifications are selected from the drop down list the extent of each upstream and or downstream of the site rated and the distance upstream or downstream specified Comments about the impact can be included in the free text box next to each modification The extent of each erosion and deposition feature is rated from the drop down list Adding channel morphology data The presence of each cross sectional feature is noted for both the left and right banks by clicking the appropriate box Adding present status data Scores for each factor used in the calculation of present status are added directly in the numeric field use tab to move down the column The Instream Status Riparian Status Overall Status and Present Status Class are calcula ted automatically Note When adding a second site visit the user is notified that all fields in section B for the new site visit are automatically updated using the previous site visit s data If certain aspects have changed since the last site visit for example land use the user must go to the appropriate form and field and update the record 2 2 6 Viewing Site Visit data in Section C a General e General Site Visit Infor
50. ped M rj M hru 1 Agriculture Livestock Clumped Reference Condition Form View SS fepe NUM Sst 40 Rivers Database Section C Riparian VegetationCont amp Rivers Database File Edit Tools Rivers Functions Window Help a Current User Justine Site Z3JUST RAPID SINI All Section n Organisation Southern Waters Jan 2000 is pet Rip Zone Description Invasion of Riparian Zone Area Invaded Veg Cover S Order Rating ank Jed Veg Invasion Ex 7 eg Species it gt Acacia longifolia E Medum m B High E a Vegetation Index Exotics PCDI Reeds d ame sf aao Reeds PCDI T Poi woods 2 2 OO Terrestrial PCDI Total PCDI Reference Condition Form view sr a N d Rivers Database Ele Edi Tools Rivers Functions Window Help B Veg Species List Current User Justine Site Z3JUST RAPID bg All UD ge Organisation Southern Waters EDS Jan 2000 gt Vegetation 3 i nn uS Rip Zone Description Riparian Vegetation Species List Veg Cover us hd tive bd ype Veg Invasion acia longifolia gt o 4 e e m 4 a m Acacial saligna ild Olive ilkwoods Veg Species List 4 T Lj r Veg Abundance 4 zi 4 Vegetation Index
51. ream Channel modifications e g bulldozing of macrochannel floodplain Presence of exotic macrophytes Instream Presence of exotic fauna e g fish Presence of solid waste solid waste disposal Riparian Zone Removal of indigenous vegetation from the riparian zone el Riparian Zone Exotic vegetation encroachment Ei Riparian Zone Bank erosion Instream Status Riparian Status Overall Status Present Status Class Reference Condition Criterion Criterion Desc Score 0 0 0 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 e et 35 Rivers Database Section C General File Edit Tools Rivers Functions Window Help Current User Helen Dallas Site Organisation Southern Waters Oct 1998 Section B Section Owner Helen Dallas General Site Info General Site Visit Information Stream Dimensions E 28 Dct 1898 Sater Substratum Comp Time Rainfall in la 2 Helen Dallas Organisation Southern Waters ee R ain three nights previosuly nce Site _ No ter Turbidity Clear hd EINE Rate of impa c Comment Helen Dallas bi Reference Condition Form view SSS mms Rivers Database v 1 03 Stream File Edit Tools Rivers Functions Window Help Current User Helen Dallas Site SURO PW Organisation Southern Waters SICR 25 Oct 1998 M b Section Owner Helen Dallas General Site Info Stream Dimensions t ion
52. rs Database amp Fish Samples Current User Justine Organisation Southern Waters Fish Samples este 2 Een 2 IP Shock Apparatus 4 a Extensive excell Extensive excelle Site 23JUST RAPID Site Visit Jan 2000 Owner Justine So 1 F Shock Apparatus f O Moderate good Sparse poor 5 2 Extensive excelle 43 Rivers Database Appendix 3 A step by step example of a query setting specific critera Requirements Provide SASS4 scores ASPT scores and the Number of taxa for all site visits on all rivers which fall within secondary catchmen ts B1 B2 and B3 where the pH is greater than 4 This query must reveal geo reference information so that the sites can be displayed in GIS Table A3 1 gives an indication of the data that should be returned in the final query output to satisfy these requirements Table A3 1 The desired query output for the specific query outlined in this section Sampling Secondary Site code Date catchment code GIS Longitude GIS Latitude SASS4 Score ASPT Number of Taxa Once the query centre has been opened the steps below are followed to extract the data required to meet the specifications oulined above for this example 1 Select the correct data joiner In this example the site visit linked data is selected because both site specific data ie the site code secondary catchment code and the longit
53. s Site lt S3MACM VENUS 3 Organisation Southern Waters 25 Oct 1998 Jf gt E 2 Owner Helen Dallas Catchment amp Land Use Catchment and Land Use Land Use Within 5m Beyond 5m Detail Afforestation Channel Morphology E Industrial development None Limited gt sawmil Present Status wildemess area Moderate None x None None z k Water Quality Impacts WB Channel Condition i i Reference Condition ri rl of 3 Fitered Form View ESE ben MMT Rivers Database Water Quality Impacts File Edit Tools Rivers Functions Window Help Current User Helen Dallas Site S3MACM VENUS 3 xy Organisation Southern Waters CRESES Oct 1998 gt xe i j Owner Helen Dallas Catchment amp Land Use Water Quality Impacts Impact on Water Quality Alforestation General k Channel Condition Impact Type Channel Morphology Present Status Reference Condition Calculating E YE ENE 33 Rivers Database Section B Cont Rivers Database v 1 03 Channel Con File Edit Tools Rivers Functions Window Help Current User Helen Dallas Site All POMACM VENUS zl Organisation Southern Waters Oct 1998 Y Catchment amp Land Use Owner Water Quality Impacts Channel Condition Channel Condition Modifica Channel Morphology Present Status Erosion zara ee Nene
54. s and tick boxes f Fish Data are entered using the appropriate drop down lists text boxes and tick boxes 2 2 8 Reference Condition Reference or historical conditions are in the process of being developed for each of the major components namely invertebrates riparian vegetation and fish They are all in different stages of development but all aim to facilitate comparisons between monitoring sites and a baseline or benchmark data set derived in a component specific way Thus far a historical fish database has been developed for the Mpumalanga region Kleynhans 1999 and a riparian component has been included Kemper 1999 3 QUERY CENTRE The Query Centre is a tool which allows the end user to construct user defined queries by combining the available attributes fields of registered data components pre defined queries sort and or aggregate and set criteria on these attri butes to control the data that is returned by the query 3 1 Step by step Instructions on using the Query Data Designer 1 To create a new query click on New Query 17 Rivers Database 2 3 4 Select a Data Joiner To return data relevant to a site only select site linked data To return data relevant to a site visit or to both a site and a site visit select site visit linked data Click on Next to view all the available components that are linked via the selected data joiner Select one or more components at le
55. t whether two or more conditions are true i e RiverRegion North West AND North this will retu rn all records where the requested data can be found in both regions BETWEEN This key will return all fields which have values between those specified for that OR criteria i e Chem Value BETWEEN 5 AND 8 and includes both 5 and 8 This key is normally used to test which conditions are true i e RiverRegion North West OR North OR East this will return all records where the river can be found in any one of the regions 19 Rivers Database LIKE NOT lt gt IN This key is normally used to compare two strings ie RiverNa me LIKE Limpopo will return all records for Rivers with that name This key can be used with LIKE to exclude certain strings from the search RiverName NOT LIKE Limpopo will return records for all rivers with names that are not Limpopo This key works in the same way as NOT LIKE and means that something IS NOT EQUAL TO something else i e RiverName lt gt Limpopo will return all rivers except for those associated with Limpopo This key is used to select one value or item i e RiverName Limpopo will return all records for the Limpopo River compared with the use of IN This key is used when searching for more than one item All selected items should be between square brackets using inverted commas and separated by commas
56. tabase application 1 Insert the CD 2 Start Windows Explorer 3 Browse to the CD change folders to the ActiveBarSetup Double click on Setup exe Follow the instructions and accept all defaults this installs a custom ActiveX control used by the rivers application 4 setup exe in the ODEsetup folder this ins talls the main Microsoft Access front end file and supporting files 5 setup exe in the Query Data Designer folder this installs the Query Centre COM files and MDAC 2 1 6 Copy the Data file from the Data File folder to c viverdbase or to another convenient location please note where you place the file e g on a central share on your network 7T From Windows Explorer Right click on the rivdat mdb file click on properties and uncheck the read only property 8 Install Service Pack 2b which is an update of the Microsoft Office 97 installation If Service Pack 1 has not been installed previously it will be necessary to install this first These files can be found under the folders Support Off97 Sr1 SrlpatchY and Support Off97 Sr2b Please note that if you need to reboot your PC at any stage in the process e g to update certain files on your system it is necessary to restart the appropriate setup program that was busy running 4 3 Starting the Rivers Database Application 1 Click on Start Programs Riv ers Rivers 2 The application will prompt the user to browse to the folder contai
57. te 1 Click Section B in the active bar to view all forms which apply to this section 2 view site visit data select a Site Visit from the drop down list on the right hand side of the form 3 Click Catchment and Land Use in the active bar to view details for the first form in this section 4 Repeat step 3 to view details for each separate form within Section B The details of each form in Section B are summarised below a Catchment and Land Use This form includes features regarding the condition of the local catchment and land use within the catchment The presence and extent of each land use within and beyond 5m is given with specific details included if relevant b Water Quality Impacts Water quality impacts are linked to the land uses specified in the previous form Each impact present at a site is listed and rated according to the extent of the impact on the receiving water body If the impact originates from a point source it is ticked in the associated box c Channel Condition In channel and bank modifications are listed the extent of their impact both upstream and downstream of the site is rated and the distance of each modification upstream or downstream specified Four erosional and four depositional features are listed and rated according to the extent of each at the site This is modified from a report of Rowntree and Ziervogel 1999 and is detailed in Dallas 2000 d Channel Morphol
58. the text in the criterion box reveals the following Chem Value 4 e Click 7 Once all the criteria have been set click next 8 To view the query results click View Results Note If you are dissatisfied with the query output and would like to make changes then click back Once you select finish it is not possible to backtrack through the steps in the query and you will be required to start the query building process from the beginning 9 Finally click finish to reveal the final query output The final query output should be similar to the structure indicated in Table A3 1 10 Go to file in the main menu bar and select MS Office Links then select Analyse it with MS Office MS Office will automatically open with a new file containing the data from the query output where it can be saved as an MS excel file and analysed further 46
59. tion Assessed during each site visit The basic layout for all 3 sections is as follows e The active bar with separate buttons for Section A Section B Section C and the Reference Condition and Admin sections Click these buttons to list the forms which are inclu ded within each section e header with information about the current user the organisation to which the user is affiliated and the owner of the data The site code selected in the Tree View is displayed and the user is able to switch to another site within the same river and subregion by selecting the appropriate site from the drop down list To show all sites regardless of river or subregion click the Show Sites button In the case of Sections B and C the date of the site visit is displaye d In Section C a drop down list enables Section C to be divided into subcategories namely general invertebrates Rivers Database water chemistry riparian vegetation and fish Details of each section are given in sections 2 2 to 2 2 4 respectively 2 2 1 Adding a new site A new site can be added by clicking the Add Site button which appears in both the Tree View form and the General Site Information form of Section A To add a site on the Tree View form 1 Navigate to the river and subregion into which a site needs to b e added see section 2 1 3 2 Click the Add Site button This opens the general site information form 3 i
60. tream substratum and undercut bank and root s Is rated 15 Rivers Database 227 Adding Site Visit data in Section C a General e General Site Visit Information Data is added directly in the text boxes or using the drop down lists Date and time formats are specified see section 2 2 6 and tick boxes are used for some fields e Stream Dimensions Values for each of the fields may be added directly within each field and additional comments may be added The type of deep or shallow water habitat may also be detailed Substratum Composition An estimate of the relative percen tage contribution of each substratum type bedrock boulder cobble pebble gravel sand and silt mud is entered for bed and bank cover An additional substratum type is available for the riparian zone cover namely soil The degree of embeddedness is selected from the drop down list b Invertebrates Biotopes To enter data 1 Click the boxes of the SASS biotopes present 2 Add a percentage for each Note the total should be 100 3 Position the mouse on the SASS biotope for which specific biotope data need to be added 4 Select specific biotopes from the drop down list and enter the percentage of each Invertebrate Taxa To enter data 1 Select a biotope or Site Visit from the drop down list 2 Click on the first field in the taxon column 3 Type the first letter of the invertebrate taxon and then select the appropriate taxon
61. ude and latitude and site visit specific data i e sampling date SASS4 score ASPT and total number of taxa as well as information about the pH are needed to satisfy the requirements 2 The following components are selected e General Site Information contains site code secondary catchment code e General Site Visit Information contains sampling date e reference contains GIS Longitude and GIS Latitude e SASS scores contains SASS4 score ASPT and Nr of families e Chemistry to select the specific criteria in this case pH gt 4 Click next 3 The specific component with fields to be displayed in the final query output is selected because only fields from one specific component can be returned in a given query In this case select SASS scores Click next 4 The actual fields to be returned in the query are then selected from the components selected in 2 above i e e Site code e Secondary catchment code 44 Rivers Database e GIS Longitude e GIS Latitude e SASS4 Score e ASPT e Nr of families Click Next 5 The fields do not need to be aggregated or sorted therefore click next 6 This example specifies that data for secondary catchments B1 B2 and B3 must be returned and that data for site visits where the pH is greater than 4 must be returned Therefore we must set criteria on e Secondary Catchment Code e Chemistry code e Chemistry value Go to Secondary Catchment a
62. ues e Find records that do not contain a value e Find records that contain one value from a list of possible values e Limit records involved in a calcula tion Feedback in writing on technical aspects of the application use of the Query Centre and technical documentation of these features will be welcomed by the technical support for the database see Section 4 4 4 TECHNICAL INFORMATION 4 1 Software and Hardware Requirements e Operating System preferably Windows NT 4 Windows 2000 Windows 95 98 are also supported e Memory minimum of 64 MB RAM e Software Microsoft Office Professional 97 with service release 2b e Note deploying the application under MS Off ice Professional 2000 is not supported at the moment e Minimum Screen Resolution 800 x 600 e Regional Settings Ensure that your short date format in Control Panel Regional Settings is set to display an acceptable date format e g dd mm yyyy 4 1 Application Architecture The rivers database application consists of two main Microsoft Access database files rivers mdb containing the majority of the user interface components the front end and rivdat mdb containing the actual stored data tables the back end The Query Centre is shipped as a separate file qryctr dll which is invoked from within the front end is an independent component object created using Visual Basic 21 Rivers Database 4 2 Installing the Rivers Da
63. urce of the river The same subregion may be added more than once with a different number indicating the sequence each time 4 Ifthe subregion is unknown se lect the unspecified option from the drop down list 5 Click the Add Record button To add a new segment Repeat the steps outlined above for adding a new subregion to the tree view but select the segment tab Once all new details have been added eturn to the Tree View by clicking the Close Form button 22 Site and Site Visit information Sections A B and C of the Rivers Database form the main body of the database for the inclusion of information which both characterises a site and provides informa tion for the assessment of the condition of a river at a particular site at a given time The field datasheets for the collection of biomonitoring data form the basis for the design of this component of the Rivers Database and a full description of some of the information included in the database has been taken from the associated field manual Dallas 2000 Each section varies with regard to the nature of information entered and the frequency of assessment as follows TYPE OF INFORMATION FREQUENCY OF ASSESSMENT SECTION A Site specific information Entered during or after the first site visit Entered during the first site visit and is SECTION B Site visit information checked and reassessed on each site visit SECTION Site visit informa
64. wo forms and includes information which characterises the site Each field is described briefly below and the reader is referred to the glossary or Dallas 2000 if additional clarification is required In all cases data are either added directly as t ext or by selecting from the appropriate drop down list Note The red asterisks indicate those components which must be entered as a minimum requirement Rivers Database Site Code A standardised unique site code is allocated to each site A duplicate site code will not be accepted and will require the user to modify the site code by changing the location component of the code when adding a new site The date on which the site code was entered automatically appears below the site code once it has been entered for the first time River name name of river assessed This will appear automatically in the correct box based on the navigation sequence followed in the tree view By clicking the drop down list to the right the river name together with the secondary catchme nt code tributary of subregion and tributary sequence will appear This allows one to check whether the correct river has been entered in this box Note This is particularly important in cases where river names are common and rivers of the same name occur in different catchments Once the river name has been entered the information described above automatically appears on the right hand side of the form Subregio

Rivers database: A user manual

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