SenX™ Technology FirstLook™ Pulse Sensor
Contents
1. 0 0 50 0 40 0 33 3 25 0 20 0 200 0 200 650 92 3 46 2 36 9 30 8 23 1 18 5 184 6 700 85 7 42 9 34 3 28 6 21 4 17 1 171 4 750 80 0 40 0 32 0 26 7 20 0 16 0 160 0 IDLE 800 75 0 37 5 30 0 25 0 18 8 15 0 150 0 850 70 6 35 3 28 2 23 5 17 6 14 1 141 2 900 66 7 33 3 26 7 22 2 16 7 13 3 133 3 950 63 2 31 6 25 3 21 1 15 8 12 6 126 3 1000 60 0 30 0 24 0 20 0 15 0 12 0 120 0 1100 54 5 27 3 21 8 18 2 13 6 10 9 109 1 low rpm 1200 50 0 25 0 20 0 16 7 12 5 10 0 100 0 100 1300 46 2 23 1 18 5 15 4 11 5 9 2 92 3 1400 42 9 21 4 17 1 14 3 10 7 8 6 85 7 1500 40 0 20 0 16 0 13 3 10 0 8 0 80 0 POWER TEST How do you find the 1 How do you find the 1 cylinder cylinder Tail pipe readings Tail pipe readings are offset from the are offset from the trigger reference trigger reference This accounts for This accounts for time from ignition time from ignition firing to exhaust firing to exhaust valve opening valve opening You need to You need to understand offset understand offset to properly locate to properly locate problem cylinder problem cylinder From the From the start start of of your trigger point your trigger point offset the cylinder offset the cylinder like this like this 4 cylinder one 4 cylinder one cylinder cylinder 6 cylinder two 6 cylinder two cylinder cyl2. 80 200 V 2 0 1 6 1 2 0 8 0 4 0 0 0 4 0 8 1 2 1 6 2 0 V 20 16 12 8 4 0 4 8 12 16 20 10Sep2002 17 58 Let s make sense of what we see Let s make sense of what we see Same 4 cylinder Honda Same 4 cylinder Honda Number one trigger Number one trigger events events Use the chart to time Use the chart to time it out it out There is 160 ms There is 160 ms between 1 triggering between 1 triggering events events That means on a four That means on a four cylinder engine the rpm cylinder engine the rpm is 750 is 750 Which means 40 ms Which means 40 ms per cylinder per cylinder On the cycle arrows On the cycle arrows the lightly shaded half the lightly shaded half are the combustion are the combustion cycles and the cycles and the unshaded half are the unshaded half are the exhaust cycles exhaust cycles QUICK SCOPE SET UP GUIDE TO QUICK SCOPE SET UP GUIDE TO IGNITION TRIGGER SET UP IGNITION TRIGGER SET UP You will need a dual trace scope You will need a dual trace scope Place FirstLook pulse sensor in tail pipe at least 4 inches Place FirstLook pulse sensor in tail pipe at least 4 inches Trigger the scope on either trace A or B to 1 ignition wire Trigger the scope on either trace A or B to 1 ignition wire Use the other trace for the pulse sensor Use the other trace for the
3. HERE ARE EXCEPTIONS TO THESE RULES WHICH YOU WILL LEARN OVER RULES WHICH YOU WILL LEARN OVER TIME TIME 89 VOLVO DL 89 VOLVO DL Yellow arrows Yellow arrows indicate time indicate time between 1 between 1 cylinder spark plug cylinder spark plug triggers triggers You need this milli You need this milli second reading to second reading to know how much of know how much of this time to assign this time to assign to each cylinder to each cylinder See following chart See following chart Automotive Timing chart for 4 cycle engines Time Between Valve Opening Events milliseconds Engine Speed rpm 2 Cylinder 4 Cylinder 5 Cylinder 6 Cylinder 8 Cylinder 10 Cylinder Time to Complete 1 Cycle in 4 Stroke Engine ms Starting Time Base Reference ms 150 400 0 200 0 160 0 133 3 100 0 80 0 800 0 175 342 9 171 4 137 1 114 3 85 7 68 6 685 7 cold crank 200 300 0 150 0 120 0 100 0 75 0 60 0 600 0 600 225 266 7 133 3 106 7 88 9 66 7 53 3 533 3 250 240 0 120 0 96 0 80 0 60 0 48 0 480 0 300 200 0 100 0 80 0 66 7 50 0 40 0 400 0 350 171 4 85 7 68 6 57 1 42 9 34 3 342 9 400 150 0 75 0 60 0 50 0 37 5 30 0 300 0 450 133 3 66 7 53 3 44 4 33 3 26 7 266 7 500 120 0 60 0 48 0 40 0 30 0 24 0 240 0 550 109 1 54 5 43 6 36 4 27 3 21 8 218 2 600 10
4. SenX SenX Technology Technology FirstLook FirstLook Pulse Sensor Pulse Sensor FAST AND EASY HOOK UP FAST AND EASY HOOK UP LOCATE PROBLEM CYLINDERS THRU EXHAUST LOCATE PROBLEM CYLINDERS THRU EXHAUST SYSTEM PULSES SYSTEM PULSES COLD CRANK ENGINE TEST DETERMINES CORE COLD CRANK ENGINE TEST DETERMINES CORE ENGINE PROBLEMS ENGINE PROBLEMS VALVE LEAKAGE VALVE LEAKAGE CYLINDER COMPRESSION CYLINDER COMPRESSION HOOK UP TO FUEL PRESSURE REGULATOR AND HOOK UP TO FUEL PRESSURE REGULATOR AND CHECK FOR INJECTOR PROBLEMS CHECK FOR INJECTOR PROBLEMS FirstLook and SenX are trademarks of SenX Technology LLC FirstLook and SenX are trademarks of SenX Technology LLC US Patents 6 484 589 and 6 609 416 US Patents 6 484 589 and 6 609 416 Made in the U S A Made in the U S A Copy write 2004 SenX Technology LLC Copy write 2004 SenX Technology LLC Midland Michigan U S A Midland Michigan U S A Update 7 28 04 Update 7 28 04 Taking The Pulse of Your Taking The Pulse of Your Engine Engine Congratulations on your purchase of the Congratulations on your purchase of the FirstLook FirstLook automotive engine diagnostic sensor This is your first automotive engine diagnostic sensor This is your first step down a road of easier and more accurate engine step down a road of easier and more accurate engine diagnostics With diagnostics With FirstLook FirstLook you can now ha
5. ating and maintenance instructions No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retri No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form eval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise without the prior or otherwise without the prior written permission of SenX Technology LLC written permission of SenX Technology LLC For support questions or warranty assistance contact For support questions or warranty assistance contact SenX Technology LLC SenX Technology LLC 738 South Poseyville Road 738 South Poseyville Road Midland MI 48640 Midland MI 48640 Phone 989 Phone 989 832 832 8898 8898 Fax 989 Fax 989 832 832 8908 8908 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements Special thanks to Jeff Kogan who has developed much of the basic Special thanks to Jeff Kogan who has developed much of the basic text and waveforms text and waveforms Square One Diagnostics Square One Diagnostics Email square1d optonline net Email square1d optonline net Graphics and Editing Jim Marinik Graphics and Editing Jim Marinik SenX Technology 1 SenX Technology 1 866 866 832 832 8898 toll 8898 toll free free FirstLook and SenX are trademarks of SenX Technology LLC FirstLook and SenX are trademarks of SenX T
6. echnology LLC 2002 SenX Technology LLC 2002 SenX Technology LLC Midland Michigan USA Midland Michigan USA U S Patents 6 484 589 and 6 609 416 U S Patents 6 484 589 and 6 609 416 Copy write 2004 SenX Technology LLC Copy write 2004 SenX Technology LLC Made in the USA Made in the USA
7. gs plug wire problems will show up as a drop problems will show up as a drop out in the out in the waveform followed by an increase in waveform waveform followed by an increase in waveform above zero as the engine works to compensate above zero as the engine works to compensate for the excess fuel as it is burned in the manifold for the excess fuel as it is burned in the manifold reference figure 14 This is the work of the reference figure 14 This is the work of the computer and oxygen sensor in today s engines computer and oxygen sensor in today s engines Figure 14 Figure 14 Engine firing order is 1 6 5 4 3 2 and the trigger is on cylinde Engine firing order is 1 6 5 4 3 2 and the trigger is on cylinder 1 r 1 the scope pattern as seen through the exhaust is read as 3 2 1 6 the scope pattern as seen through the exhaust is read as 3 2 1 6 5 4 5 4 after taking into account the required cylinder offset after taking into account the required cylinder offset 3000 2000 1000 0 1000 2000 3000 3 3 GM 3800 V6 Engine data collected using sensor at tailpipe of engine number 3 plug has been disabled by shorting out sparkplug 2 1 6 5 4 3 2 1 Point at which Valve opens Four cylinder Honda Firing order is Four cylinder Honda Firing order is 11 44 33 2 Order of display is 2 2 Order of display is 2 11 44 3 3 ms 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1
8. inder 8 cylinder three 8 cylinder three cylinder cylinder This Volvo fire order This Volvo fire order is 1 is 1 33 44 22 But with the offset But with the offset it is read on the it is read on the scope as scope as 22 11 33 44 In this example 3 is the problem It has an open wire SAME VOLVO BUT PROBLEM CYLINDER SAME VOLVO BUT PROBLEM CYLINDER HAS CHANGED HAS CHANGED Which cylinder Which cylinder do you think it do you think it is is Remember the Remember the offset 1 offset 1 33 44 2 2 reads like reads like 22 11 33 44 Number 2 cylinder is correct 93 JEEP GRAND CHEROKEE 5 2 93 JEEP GRAND CHEROKEE 5 2 How to How to use the use the time chart time chart 93 JEEP GRAND CHEROKEE 5 2 93 JEEP GRAND CHEROKEE 5 2 The time The time between between 1 1 cylinder cylinder ignition ignition triggers is triggers is 186 30ms 186 30ms Using the Using the chart you see chart you see that you that you assign each assign each cylinder 23 1 cylinder 23 1 ms ms 93 JEEP GRAND CHEROKEE 5 2 93 JEEP GRAND CHEROKEE 5 2 FIRE ORDER IS FIRE ORDER IS 11 88 44 33 66 55 77 2 2 WHICH READS WHICH READS LIKE LIKE 55 77 22 11 88 44 33 66 USE THE USE THE CURSORS TO CURSORS TO SEE EACH SEE EACH CYLINDER CYLINDER 5 93 JEEP GRAND CHEROKEE 5 2 93 JEEP GRAND CHEROKEE 5 2 Go right Go right down
9. n sensors and engine analyzers tell us what the ignition system is doing it is difficult to see what was system is doing it is difficult to see what was actually actually happening in the engine without intrusive tests With happening in the engine without intrusive tests With FirstLook FirstLook in your diagnostic arsenal it will now be in your diagnostic arsenal it will now be possible to see what is dynamically occurring in your possible to see what is dynamically occurring in your engine Although this user s guide will focus on engine Although this user s guide will focus on automobile combustion engines the FirstLook sensor automobile combustion engines the FirstLook sensor may also be used with other gasoline and diesel four may also be used with other gasoline and diesel four stroke engines stroke engines PACKAGE CONTENTS PACKAGE CONTENTS 1 Sensor and Tailpipe Tube 2 Fuel Rail and Vacuum Adaptor 3 6 Ft Banana to BNC cable 4 25 Ft BNC to BNC Cable 5 BNC to BNC Adaptor 6 Also included is Timing Chart and copy of Instruction Manual SOME THINGS TO KNOW SOME THINGS TO KNOW THE MASS THAT LEAVES THE CYLINDER THE MASS THAT LEAVES THE CYLINDER IS WHAT WE ARE LOOKING AT IS WHAT WE ARE LOOKING AT THE MORE MASS THE HIGHER THE THE MORE MASS THE HIGHER THE SIGNAL SIGNAL THE LESS MASS THE LOWER THE SIGNAL THE LESS MASS THE LOWER THE SIGNAL THERE ARE EXCEPTIONS TO THESE T
10. pulse sensor Remember to set trace to AC volts and volts scale will vary depe Remember to set trace to AC volts and volts scale will vary depending on RPM of engine nding on RPM of engine Try 1v or 2v for a cold cranking test Try 1v or 2v for a cold cranking test For an idle test try 5v OR 10v scale For an idle test try 5v OR 10v scale Same higher voltage for a 1500 RPM or 2500 RPM load test Same higher voltage for a 1500 RPM or 2500 RPM load test TIME GUIDE TIME GUIDE Set time to 600ms or 1 sec for a cranking test to view all cylin Set time to 600ms or 1 sec for a cranking test to view all cylinders ders Set time to 200ms or scope screen to view all cylinder at idle Set time to 200ms or scope screen to view all cylinder at idle Set time to 100ms or 50ms for a loaded or higher RPM Set time to 100ms or 50ms for a loaded or higher RPM Using the offset the cylinder will appear in the order just to Using the offset the cylinder will appear in the order just to the right of the trigger point the right of the trigger point on the ignition trace on the ignition trace Place FirstLook Pulse sensor in the tailpipe at least 4 Place FirstLook Pulse sensor in the tailpipe at least 4 inchs inchs Trigger the scope on either trace A or B to 1 ignition wire Trigger the scope on either trace A or B to 1 ignition wire Use the other trace for the FirstLook Pulse sensor Use the other trace for the FirstLook Pulse
11. se shipping prepaid SenX Technology will return repaired or replaced products to the purchaser or replaced products to the purchaser via prepaid ground transportation In no event shall SenX Techno via prepaid ground transportation In no event shall SenX Technology be liable for damages of any logy be liable for damages of any nature including incidental or consequential damages including nature including incidental or consequential damages including but not limited to any damages but not limited to any damages resulting from non resulting from non conformity defect in material or workmanship conformity defect in material or workmanship Neither SenX Technology LLC nor its affiliates shall be liable t Neither SenX Technology LLC nor its affiliates shall be liable to the purchaser of this product or third o the purchaser of this product or third parties for damages losses costs or expenses incurred by the parties for damages losses costs or expenses incurred by the purchaser or third parties as a result of purchaser or third parties as a result of accident misuse or abuse of this product or unauthorized modif accident misuse or abuse of this product or unauthorized modifications repairs or alterations to this ications repairs or alterations to this product or failure to strictly comply with SenX Technology s op product or failure to strictly comply with SenX Technology s operating and maintenance instructions er
12. sensor Remember to set trace to AC volts and volts scale will vary depe Remember to set trace to AC volts and volts scale will vary depending on RPM of engine nding on RPM of engine Try 1v or 2v for cold cranking test Try 1v or 2v for cold cranking test For an idle test try 5v or 10v scale For an idle test try 5v or 10v scale Same higher voltage for 1500 RPM or 2500 RPM load test Same higher voltage for 1500 RPM or 2500 RPM load test QUICK GUIDE TO QUICK GUIDE TO INJECTOR TRIGGER SETUP INJECTOR TRIGGER SETUP Use either trace A or B to 1 injector control signal use Use either trace A or B to 1 injector control signal use this trace for your trigger this trace for your trigger Place FirstLook sensor probe at least 4 inches into tail pipe Place FirstLook sensor probe at least 4 inches into tail pipe Connect the other trace to pulse sensor Connect the other trace to pulse sensor Use same time and voltage scale as mentioned earlier Use same time and voltage scale as mentioned earlier Now the only difference will be that the that the number Now the only difference will be that the that the number one cylinder will appear 20 one cylinder will appear 20 30ms to the left of the trigger 30ms to the left of the trigger point point The Jeep Cherokee example in this manual demonstrates The Jeep Cherokee example in this manual demonstrates this this Quick Guide To Vacuum Tests Quick Guide To Vac
13. t fire order Set the trace up with the pulse sensor to either 1v or 2v ac Set the trace up with the pulse sensor to either 1v or 2v ac scale time is consistent with all other tests scale time is consistent with all other tests As the injector pintles open and close the sensor reads the As the injector pintles open and close the sensor reads the pressure drop that the fuel pressure regulator diaphragm pressure drop that the fuel pressure regulator diaphragm creates creates All that is left is to see is which injector amplitude is higher All that is left is to see is which injector amplitude is higher more fuel or lower less fuel more fuel or lower less fuel As with all of the tests mentioned it is very important to As with all of the tests mentioned it is very important to practice on known good cars and create certain conditions to practice on known good cars and create certain conditions to see how they compare see how they compare Warranty Warranty SenX Technology LLC warranties the products described herein fo SenX Technology LLC warranties the products described herein for a period of 1 year under normal r a period of 1 year under normal use and service from the date of purchase that the product will use and service from the date of purchase that the product will be free of defects in material and be free of defects in material and workmanship This warranty does not cover ordinary wear and
14. tear workmanship This warranty does not cover ordinary wear and tear abuse misuse overloading abuse misuse overloading altered products or damage caused by the purchaser connecting t altered products or damage caused by the purchaser connecting the unit incorrectly he unit incorrectly THERE IS NO WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES THERE IS NO WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES WHICH EXTEND WHICH EXTEND BEYOND THE DESCRIPTION HEREIN THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES EXPRESSED BEYOND THE DESCRIPTION HEREIN THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED OR ANY OR IMPLIED OR ANY AFFIRMATION OF FACT OR REPRESENTATION EXCEPT AS SET FORTH HEREIN AFFIRMATION OF FACT OR REPRESENTATION EXCEPT AS SET FORTH HEREIN REMEDY REMEDY SenX Technology LLC sole responsibility and liability and purc SenX Technology LLC sole responsibility and liability and purchaser s exclusive remedy shall be limited haser s exclusive remedy shall be limited to the repair or replacement at SenX Technology option of a par to the repair or replacement at SenX Technology option of a part or parts not conforming to the t or parts not conforming to the warranty All products requiring warranty service shall be retur warranty All products requiring warranty service shall be returned to SenX Technology within 1 year of ned to SenX Technology within 1 year of purchase shipping prepaid SenX Technology will return repaired purcha
15. th and effects of tuned exhaust will have an pipe length and effects of tuned exhaust will have an impact on waveform outputs Some waveforms will impact on waveform outputs Some waveforms will be almost perfect but others will show the effect of a be almost perfect but others will show the effect of a tuned exhaust system Engine problems will always tuned exhaust system Engine problems will always cause a fluctuation of the waveform that extends cause a fluctuation of the waveform that extends above or below the average of the other cylinders above or below the average of the other cylinders This is where comparative analysis of cylinders This is where comparative analysis of cylinders becomes important In general the more symmetrical becomes important In general the more symmetrical the waveform and distribution above and below the the waveform and distribution above and below the zero reference line the better the condition of the zero reference line the better the condition of the engine Reference Figure 14 engine Reference Figure 14 Basic Theory Basic Theory Conditions caused by lack of fuel or lean burn Conditions caused by lack of fuel or lean burn will cause a drop will cause a drop out in the waveform out in the waveform Problems resulting in excess fuel dirty injectors Problems resulting in excess fuel dirty injectors poor combustion dirty plugs plug wire poor combustion dirty plu
16. the down the line line 7 7 93 JEEP GRAND CHEROKEE 5 2 93 JEEP GRAND CHEROKEE 5 2 Remember Remember the the offset offset for eight for eight cylinders is cylinders is the last the last three three cylinders cylinders get read get read first first 2 2000 JEEP CHEROKEE 2000 JEEP CHEROKEE LEAN INJECTOR LEAN INJECTOR This one is This one is triggered off triggered off 1 injector so 1 injector so the first the first cylinder starts cylinder starts at 30 ms to at 30 ms to the left of the the left of the trigger point trigger point You can see You can see less mass is less mass is leaving two of leaving two of the cylinders the cylinders 2000 JEEP CHEROKEE 2000 JEEP CHEROKEE INJECTORS INJECTORS AFTER 4 AND AFTER 4 AND 6 INJECTORS 6 INJECTORS WERE WERE REPLACED REPLACED REMEMBER THE REMEMBER THE ONLY SYMTOM ONLY SYMTOM WAS A ROUGH WAS A ROUGH IDLE AND A IDLE AND A P306 CODE P306 CODE THIS INFO THIS INFO MADE A FAST MADE A FAST AND SIMPLE FIX AND SIMPLE FIX TO A PROBLEM TO A PROBLEM THAT IS HARD THAT IS HARD TO PINPOINT TO PINPOINT 89 SABLE 3 8 CRANK TEST 89 SABLE 3 8 CRANK TEST Disable fuel Disable fuel pump crank pump crank engine engine This test This test checks engine checks engine valve train valve train function function You can see You can see the val
17. uum Tests Use the same scope guide lines as mentioned Use the same scope guide lines as mentioned earlier earlier Hook up the FirstLook sensor to a vacuum line Hook up the FirstLook sensor to a vacuum line common to all cylinders such as the brake common to all cylinders such as the brake booster if possible booster if possible Now the cylinders in the offset will be in the fire Now the cylinders in the offset will be in the fire order just to the right of the trigger point order just to the right of the trigger point This is a good way to see the intake valves This is a good way to see the intake valves Injector Rail Test Injector Rail Test This is one of the fastest ways to see if there is a volume This is one of the fastest ways to see if there is a volume difference between any of the injectors difference between any of the injectors Just remove the vacuum line from the fuel pressure regulator Just remove the vacuum line from the fuel pressure regulator and plug it Now hook up the impulse sensor to the fuel and plug it Now hook up the impulse sensor to the fuel pressure regulator nipple pressure regulator nipple Trigger the scope on either 1 injector or 1 ignition wire Trigger the scope on either 1 injector or 1 ignition wire There is no off set to think about here They will show up in There is no off set to think about here They will show up in the correct fire order the correc
18. ve a more you can now have a more complete picture of an engine s performance quickly and complete picture of an engine s performance quickly and easily Once you have learned to use the sensor easily Once you have learned to use the sensor combined with the timing chart you will be able to find combined with the timing chart you will be able to find burnt valves bad injectors and other engine performance burnt valves bad injectors and other engine performance problems without major disassembly of the engine and problems without major disassembly of the engine and in a fraction of the time currently required Consider how in a fraction of the time currently required Consider how long it may take just to remove spark plugs to perform a long it may take just to remove spark plugs to perform a compression test on today s engines compression test on today s engines Taking The Pulse of Your Taking The Pulse of Your Engine Engine FirstLook FirstLook is unique because it looks at pulses in engine is unique because it looks at pulses in engine airflow allowing you to display the pulse of your airflow allowing you to display the pulse of your engine on standard scope equipment While scanners engine on standard scope equipment While scanners interrupt the information they receive from engine interrupt the information they receive from engine sensors and engine analyzers tell us what the ignitio
19. ves the valves working working Or not see Or not see arrows arrows 95 INTREPID 3 5 95 INTREPID 3 5 Triggered off Triggered off the fuel the fuel pressure pressure regulator you regulator you can to see the can to see the actual injector actual injector drop of each drop of each injector injector This car has a This car has a different view different view on each fuel on each fuel rail rail TOWN CAR TOWN CAR INJECTOR RAIL TEST INJECTOR RAIL TEST Actually see the volume Actually see the volume difference between the difference between the injectors injectors Just disconnect the Just disconnect the fuel pressure regulator fuel pressure regulator hose and plug it Next hose and plug it Next connect the impulse connect the impulse sensor to the fuel sensor to the fuel pressure regulator pressure regulator You are now reading You are now reading the pulses created by the pulses created by the diaphragm as the the diaphragm as the injectors open and injectors open and close close The less volume not as The less volume not as much of a drop the much of a drop the more volume the more volume the deeper the drop off deeper the drop off 11 33 77 22 66 55 44 88 Basic Theory Basic Theory It is important to note that changes in timing advance It is important to note that changes in timing advance pipe leng
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