Fiber-Optic MXI-Express x4 for PXI Express Series User Manual
Contents
1. Specifications This appendix lists the system specifications for NI PClIe 8375 and NI PXIe 8375 cards These specifications are typical at 25 C unless otherwise stated ay Note Specifications are subject to change without notice Physical Dimensions NI PX06 83 75 aisis 10 0 x 16 0 cm 3 9 x 6 3 in NE PCOIS 83 75ans 8 9 x 6 9 cm 3 5 x 2 72 in Maximum cable length 100 m Slot requirements NI PX1e 8375 000 eeeseeeeeereeneeee One system slot PXI Express or CompactPCI Express NI P le 8375 vessssissesteiiecssinictiens cds One PCI Express slot x4 or wider 3 Note The NI PCIe 8375 requires a host computer that supplies a PCI Express clock that adheres to the PCI Express Specification The NI PCle 8375 may not be compatible with systems with noncompliant clocks particularly systems with clocks whose frequency peaks over 100 MHz Refer to the NI PClIe 8375 web page on ni com for more information Compatibility NIPX Ic 8 37 Sipione Fully compatible with the PXI Express Hardware Specification Revision 1 0 and the PICMG CompactPCI Express EXP 0 R1 0 Specification NI POIE 837 S risiini Fully compatible with the PCI Express Specification Revision 1 0a 1 1 National Instruments Corporation A 1 Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual Appendix A Specifications Weight NI PXIe 8375 Power Requirements Environment NI PXIe 8375 NEEE 0 17 Kg 0 37 Ib typical NI PC e 8375 0 css2. half sine 11 ms pulse Tested in accordance with TEC 60068 2 27 Meets MIL PRF 28800F Class 2 limits 5 to 500 Hz 0 3 Sims 5 to 500 Hz 2 4 Sims Tested in accordance with IEC 60068 2 64 Nonoperating test profile exceeds the requirements of MIL PRF 28800F Class 3 National Instruments Corporation A 3 Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual Appendix A Specifications NI PCle 8375 Maximum altitude 2 000 m at 25 C ambient temperature Pollution Degree eeeeeeeneeseeeeeees 2 Indoor use only Operating Environment Ambient temperature range 0 to 55 C Tested in accordance with TEC 60068 2 1 and TEC 60068 2 2 Relative humidity range 10 to 90 noncondensing Tested in accordance with TEC 60068 2 56 Storage Environment Ambient temperature range 20 to 70 C Tested in accordance with TEC 60068 2 1 and TEC 60068 2 2 Relative humidity range ee 5 to 95 noncondensing Tested in accordance with TEC 60068 2 56 UN Caution Clean the NI PXIe 8375 and NI PCIe 8375 with a soft nonmetallic brush Make sure that the device is completely dry and free from contaminants before returning it to service Safety This product is designed to meet the requirements of the following standards of safety for electrical equipment for measurement control and laboratory use e TEC 61010 1 EN 61010 1 e UL61010 1 CSA 61010 1 3 Note For UL and other safe
3. onboard and will have several listings in the Windows Device Manager WDM The first devices show up in the WDM listed under System devices as PCI standard PCI to PCI bridges The second device type shows up in the WDM as a National Instruments SMBus Controller when the correct MXI Express x4 driver is installed This second device provides configuration information about the chassis The NI PCle 8375 Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual B 2 ni com Appendix B Common Questions includes two PCI standard PCI to PCI bridges The NI PXIe 8375 includes five to seven bridges and one NI PXIe 8375 SMBus Controller device If the Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 software is not installed the PCI to PCI function will still be detected and work correctly but the SMBus master will be detected as an unknown device MXI 4 to Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 Upgrade Questions What are some of the improvements from MXI 4 to Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 incorporates the latest technology to include e Support for PCI Express slots e Support for PXI Express and CompactPCI Express chassis e Improved error correction and handling for noisy or harsh environments e Improved mechanical connectivity e Improved performance higher throughput Can a MXI 4 and Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 board be used together directly No MXI 4 and Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 boards use different cable connectors and cannot be
4. Optic MXI Express x4 connectors a PCI Express switch and two PXI Express connectors National Instruments Corporation 3 1 Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual Chapter 3 Hardware Overview LN PCI EXPRESS NI PCle 8375 PORT 1 upstream NI PXle 8375 Fiber Fiber lt gt a Optic i i Optic a Z i MXI MXI S j Express p Express PCI lt ______ p g i PCI x4 H x4 Express Q i Express Connector t Connector Switch eee F Switch Fiber 2x8 PCle links i i 1 7 1 PORT 2 downstream Lu Optic ma Cable Fiber 1 eae i Optic ls MXI i a Express PCI Express nak oD ames ae Connector PCI Bridge aster Figure 3 1 Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 Block Diagram Functional Unit Descriptions PCI Express x4 Card Edge Connector The card edge connector allows you to use the NI PCIe 8375 in a x4 or wider PCI Express slot in a PC The PCI Express Card Electromechanical Specification defines this connector PCI Express Switch Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual The PCI Express Base Specification defines a PCI Express switch as a logical collection of PCI Express to PCI Express bridge devices On the NI PCIe 8375 the upstream port of the switch is connected to the PCI Express x4 card edge connector and the downstream port is connected to the
5. cabled Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 connector On the NI PXIe 8375 the upstream port of the switch is connected to the cable PORT 1 One downstream port is connected to the SMBus Master and four x4 ports or two x8 ports are connected to the backplane depending on the chassis backplane configuration There also is a downstream Fiber Optic MXIe port on the front panel PORT 2 connected to the PCI Express switch for daisy chaining 3 2 ni com Chapter 3 Hardware Overview Cabled Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 Connector The cabled Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 connector provides the transmit and receive signals to connect an NI PCle 8375 and an NI PXIe 8375 PCI Express to PCl Bridge The PCI Express Base Specification defines a PCI Express to PCI bridge as a device that connects a PCI Express fabric and a PCI hierarchy On the NI PXIe 8375 the PCI Express to PCI bridge connects the PCI Express switch and an SMBus Master on the card SMBus Master The SMBus is a low speed bus for reading and configuring devices outside the normal PCI Express mechanism The PXI Express specification requires controllers to supply an SMBus for reading chassis configuration information from an EPROM It may also be used for fan control power monitors or other system devices In addition devices on plug in boards may connect to the SMBus for purposes specific to those devices LED Indicators The LEDs on Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 cards give status informatio
6. connected together Additionally the board to board communication protocols differ Can I use a MXI 4 and Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 kit in the same multichassis PXI system Yes Different MXI kits can be intermixed to connect multiple PXI and PXI Express chassis together As mentioned previously an individual MXI 4 board will not cable directly to a Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 board MXI 4 systems required the use of a specific boot ordering Is this a requirement with Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 Yes The requirements of the PCI bus still mandate that you must power on secondary PXI PXI Express chassis before powering on the host PC when using Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 National Instruments Corporation B 3 Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual Technical Support and Professional Services Visit the following sections of the award winning National Instruments Web site at ni com for technical support and professional services National Instruments Corporation Support Technical support at ni com support includes the following resources Self Help Technical Resources For answers and solutions visit ni com support for software drivers and updates a searchable KnowledgeBase product manuals step by step troubleshooting wizards thousands of example programs tutorials application notes instrument drivers and so on Registered users also receive access to the NI Discussion Forums at ni com fo
7. have a PCI Express x4 slot available for each PXI Express chassis you want to control Each PXI Express chassis is connected directly to an NI PCle 8375 installed in the host computer This topology has the highest throughput however it requires one PCI Express x4 slot and one NI PClIe 8375 for each PXI Express chassis Figure 1 2 shows an example of a star topology The NI PXIe 8375 has two Fiber Optic ports on its front panel an upstream port for connecting towards the host and a downstream port which allows for daisy chaining In the daisy chain configuration only a single PCI Express x4 slot is required in the host but the data throughput might be lower especially for devices further down the chain Figure 1 2 also shows an example of a daisy chain configuration Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual 1 2 ni com Chapter 1 Introduction Daisy Chain Configuration Star Configuration Figure 1 2 Topologies for Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 Configuration What You Need to Get Started To set up and use your Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 cards you need the following Q One NI PClIe 8375 and one or more NI PXIe 8375 modules Q One or more Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 cables L A host PC with an available x4 or wider PCI Express slot 3 Note Using a PCI Express slot wider than x4 may result in negotiation down to x1 width National Instruments Corporation 1 3 Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 fo
8. respective companies Members of the National Instruments Alliance Partner Program are business entities independent from National Instruments and have no agency partnership or joint venture relationship with National Instruments Patents For patents covering National Instruments products technology refer to the appropriate location Help Patents in your software the patents txt file on your media or the National Instruments Patent Notice at ni com patents WARNING REGARDING USE OF NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS 1 NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED WITH COMPONENTS AND TESTING FOR A LEVEL OF RELIABILITY SUITABLE FOR USE IN OR IN CONNECTION WITH SURGICAL IMPLANTS OR AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN ANY LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS WHOSE FAILURE TO PERFORM CAN REASONABLY BE EXPECTED TO CAUSE SIGNIFICANT INJURY TO A HUMAN 2 IN ANY APPLICATION INCLUDING THE ABOVE RELIABILITY OF OPERATION OF THE SOFTWARE PRODUCTS CAN BE IMPAIRED BY ADVERSE FACTORS INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO FLUCTUATIONS IN ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY COMPUTER HARDWARE MALFUNCTIONS COMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARE FITNESS FITNESS OF COMPILERS AND DEVELOPMENT SOFTWARE USED TO DEVELOP AN APPLICATION INSTALLATION ERRORS SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE COMPATIBILITY PROBLEMS MALFUNCTIONS OR FAILURES OF ELECTRONIC MONITORING OR CONTROL DEVICES TRANSIENT FAILURES OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS HARDWARE AND OR SOFTWARE UNANTICIPATED USES OR MISUSES OR ERRORS ON THE PART OF THE USER OR APPLIC
9. the number of PCI expansion slots but remains transparent to the end user PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation PXI is an open specification that builds off the CompactPCI specification by adding instrumentation specific features A link or port with four physical lanes National Instruments Corporation G 2 Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual Index A additional Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 configuration figure 1 3 basic Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 configuration figure 1 2 system 1 2 block diagram figure 3 2 C cable options table 3 4 cabled Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 connector 3 3 cabling common questions B 2 calibration certificate NI resources C 2 card edge connector 3 2 CE compliance specifications A 5 cleaning A 4 common questions general cabling B 2 general hardware B 1 general software B 2 MXI 4 to Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 B 3 configuration additional topologies figure 1 3 basic figure 1 2 conventions used in the manual vii National Instruments Corporation D Declaration of Conformity NI resources C 2 diagnostic tools NI resources C 1 documentation conventions used in manual vii NI resources C 1 related documentation viii drivers NI resources C 1 E electromagnetic compatibility A 5 environmental management specifications A 5 WEEE information A 6 environmental specifications A 2 NI PCle 8375 A 4 NI PXIe 8375 A 2 ex
10. ATIONS DESIGNER ADVERSE FACTORS SUCH AS THESE ARE HEREAFTER COLLECTIVELY TERMED SYSTEM FAILURES ANY APPLICATION WHERE A SYSTEM FAILURE WOULD CREATE A RISK OF HARM TO PROPERTY OR PERSONS INCLUDING THE RISK OF BODILY INJURY AND DEATH SHOULD NOT BE RELIANT SOLELY UPON ONE FORM OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEM DUE TO THE RISK OF SYSTEM FAILURE TO AVOID DAMAGE INJURY OR DEATH THE USER OR APPLICATION DESIGNER MUST TAKE REASONABLY PRUDENT STEPS TO PROTECT AGAINST SYSTEM FAILURES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO BACK UP OR SHUT DOWN MECHANISMS BECAUSE EACH END USER SYSTEM IS CUSTOMIZED AND DIFFERS FROM NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS TESTING PLATFORMS AND BECAUSE A USER OR APPLICATION DESIGNER MAY USE NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER PRODUCTS IN A MANNER NOT EVALUATED OR CONTEMPLATED BY NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS THE USER OR APPLICATION DESIGNER IS ULTIMATELY RESPONSIBLE FOR VERIFYING AND VALIDATING THE SUITABILITY OF NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS WHENEVER NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS ARE INCORPORATED IN A SYSTEM OR APPLICATION INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE APPROPRIATE DESIGN PROCESS AND SAFETY LEVEL OF SUCH SYSTEM OR APPLICATION Compliance Electromagnetic Compatibility Information This hardware has been tested and found to comply with the applicable regulatory requirements and limits for electromagnetic compatibility EMC as indicated in the hardware s Declaration of Conformity DoC These requirements and limits are designed to provid
11. MXI Express x4 series is an extension of the MXI Express series of remote controllers The two products in this series are the NI PClIe 8375 and NI PXIe 8375 Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 cards must always be installed as a PCI Express card and one or more PXI Express cards About the Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 Series Description and Features Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 uses PCI Express signals over a cable of up to 100 m You can do the following with Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 e Control one or more PXI Express or CompactPCI Express chassis with a PCI Express based PC e Physically separate the measurement or automation system from a host PC up to 100 m e Electrically isolate the measurement or automation system from a host PC National Instruments Corporation 1 1 Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual Chapter 1 Introduction Basic Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 System The simplest Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 system consists of an NI PCle 8375 in a PC connected to an NI PXIe 8375 in the controller slot of a PXI Express or CompactPCI Express chassis as shown in Figure 1 1 PC to PXI Express CompactPCl Express Figure 1 1 Basic MXI Express x4 Configuration Larger Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 Systems It is possible to control more than one PXI Express chassis with a single PC There are two possible topologies star topology or daisy chain topology The star topology requires the host PC to
12. MXIT Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express Series User Manual MXI Express for PX Express Multisystem eXtension Interface for PCI Express CompactPCI Express and PXI Express Bus Systems NI PCle 8375 NI PXle 8375 November 2009 lt 7 NATIONAL 372942B 01 instruments Worldwide Technical Support and Product Information ni com National Instruments Corporate Headquarters 11500 North Mopac Expressway Austin Texas 78759 3504 USA Tel 512 683 0100 Worldwide Offices Australia 1800 300 800 Austria 43 662 457990 0 Belgium 32 0 2 757 0020 Brazil 55 11 3262 3599 Canada 800 433 3488 China 86 21 5050 9800 Czech Republic 420 224 235 774 Denmark 45 45 76 26 00 Finland 358 0 9 725 72511 France 01 57 66 24 24 Germany 49 89 7413130 India 91 80 41190000 Israel 972 3 6393737 Italy 39 02 41309277 Japan 0120 527196 Korea 82 02 3451 3400 Lebanon 961 0 1 33 28 28 Malaysia 1800 887710 Mexico 01 800 010 0793 Netherlands 31 0 348 433 466 New Zealand 0800 553 322 Norway 47 0 66 90 76 60 Poland 48 22 328 90 10 Portugal 351 210 311 210 Russia 7 495 783 6851 Singapore 1800 226 5886 Slovenia 386 3 425 42 00 South Africa 27 0 11 805 8197 Spain 34 91 640 0085 Sweden 46 0 8 587 895 00 Switzerland 41 56 2005151 Taiwan 886 02 2377 2222 Thailand 662 278 6777 Turkey 90 212 279 3031 United Kingdom 44 0 1635 523545 For further support information refer to the Technical Support and Professional Services appendix To c
13. al EMC environments such as for marine use or in heavy industrial areas Refer to the hardware s user documentation and the DoC for product installation requirements When the hardware is connected to a test object or to test leads the system may become more sensitive to disturbances or may cause interference in the local electromagnetic environment Operation of this hardware in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference Users are required to correct the interference at their own expense or cease operation of the hardware Changes or modifications not expressly approved by National Instruments could void the user s right to operate the hardware under the local regulatory rules The Declaration of Conformity DoC contains important EMC compliance information and instructions for the user or installer To obtain the DoC for this product visit ni com certification search by model number or product line and click the appropriate link in the Certification column Contents About This Manual CONVENTIONS niao n a EE AAE wet sieieei a al E E RTE EET vii Related Documentation sissicrininiri iniii a A R seine viii Chapter 1 Introduction About the Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 Series oes eecesseceseeseeeseeseeeseeneeeseeneeeaes 1 1 Description and Feature ad r siseasecbiavedishaes tds Goasdajaicaviacsdes eatin 1 1 Basic Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 System oo cece eeeeeeseeeseesseeeeeaeenees 1 2 Larger Fiber Optic MXI Ex
14. amples NI resources C 1 F Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 basic system 1 2 block diagram figure 3 2 hardware overview 3 1 larger systems 1 2 specifications A 1 system description 1 1 getting started 1 3 functional unit descriptions 3 2 Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual G getting started 1 3 H hardware common questions B 1 help technical support C 1 installation cabling 2 5 hardware 2 1 of an NI PCle 8375 2 1 of an NI PXIe 8375 2 3 powering down the Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 system 2 6 powering up the Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 system 2 6 instrument drivers NI resources C 1 K KnowledgeBase C 1 L larger Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 systems 1 2 LED indicators 3 3 MXI 4 to Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 common questions B 3 MXI Express x4 cable options table 3 4 National Instruments Corporation T Index National Instruments support and services C 1 NI PCIe 8375 installation 2 1 figure 2 3 NI PXIe 8375 installation 2 3 figure 2 5 0 operating environment specifications NI PCIe 8375 A 4 NI PXIe 8375 A 3 overview functional 3 1 functional unit descriptions 3 2 hardware 3 1 P PCI Express switch 3 2 to PCI bridge 3 3 x4 card edge connector 3 2 physical specifications A 1 A 2 programming examples NI resources C 1 R random vibration specifications NI PXIe 8375 A 3 recycling hardware A 6 related docume
15. e chassis Because of this BIOSes and operating systems make the assumption that all PCI devices in the entire hierarchy will be available as soon as code execution begins at power up This assumption means that all of the expansion chassis must be turned on before the host PC for the BIOS and OS to correctly configure a Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 system 3 Note There are no requirements on how Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 expansion chassis are powered up relative to each other as long as they are all on before the computer is powered on Powering Down the Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 System Because operating systems and drivers commonly make the assumption that PCI devices will be present in the system from power up to power down it is important not to power off the expansion chassis until after the host PC is powered off Powering off the expansion chassis while the host is still on can cause crashes or hangs After the host computer has powered down the order in which expansion chassis are powered off relative to each other is not important However to power down a chassis that still has its upstream link active the power button must be pressed for at least 4 seconds Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual 2 6 ni com Hardware Overview This chapter presents an overview of Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 hardware functionality and explains the operation of each functional unit Functional Overview Fiber Optic MXI Ex
16. e reasonable protection against harmful interference when the hardware is operated in the intended electromagnetic environment In special cases for example when either highly sensitive or noisy hardware is being used in close proximity additional mitigation measures may have to be employed to minimize the potential for electromagnetic interference While this hardware is compliant with the applicable regulatory EMC requirements there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation To minimize the potential for the hardware to cause interference to radio and television reception or to experience unacceptable performance degradation install and use this hardware in strict accordance with the instructions in the hardware documentation and the DoC If this hardware does cause interference with licensed radio communications services or other nearby electronics which can be determined by turning the hardware off and on you are encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures e Reorient the antenna of the receiver the device suffering interference e Relocate the transmitter the device generating interference with respect to the receiver e Plug the transmitter into a different outlet so that the transmitter and the receiver are on different branch circuits Some hardware may require the use of a metal shielded enclosure windowless version to meet the EMC requirements for speci
17. es text or characters that you should enter from the keyboard sections of code programming examples and syntax examples This font is also used for the proper names of disk drives paths directories programs subprograms subroutines device names functions operations variables filenames and extensions and code excerpts The terms PCI Express and PCIe are interchangeable in this manual In this manual whenever a PXI Express chassis is referenced a CompactPCI Express chassis could be used instead The terms PXI Express and PXIe are interchangeable in this manual Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual About This Manual Related Documentation The following documents contain information that you might find helpful as you read this manual e Set Up Your MXI Express System e Your computer or chassis documentation e PXI Express Hardware Specification Revision 1 0 e PXI 2 PXI Software Specification Revision 2 1 e PXI 6 PXI Express Software Specification e PCI Specification Revision 2 3 e PCI PCI Bridge Architecture Specification Revision 1 2 e PICMG CompactPCI Express EXP 0 R1 0 Specification e PCI Express Specification Revision 1 0a Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual vill ni com Introduction This chapter describes the Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 series of products lists what you need to get started and explains how to unpack and set up your hardware The Fiber Optic
18. ility EMC and product safety You can obtain the DoC for your product by visiting ni com certification e Calibration Certificate If your product supports calibration you can obtain the calibration certificate for your product at ni com calibration If you searched ni com and could not find the answers you need contact your local office or NI corporate headquarters Phone numbers for our worldwide offices are listed at the front of this manual You also can visit the Worldwide Offices section of ni com niglobal to access the branch office Web sites which provide up to date contact information support phone numbers email addresses and current events National Instruments Corporation C 2 Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual Glossary Symbol Prefix Value n nano 10 u micro 10 6 m milli 10 3 k kilo 103 M mega 106 Symbols i Degrees gt Equal or greater than lt Equal or less than Percent bus The group of conductors that interconnect individual circuitry in a computer Typically a bus is the expansion vehicle to which I O or other devices are connected Examples of PC buses are the PCI PCI Express AT bus NuBus Micro Channel and EISA bus bus master A type of a plug in board or controller with the ability to read and write devices on the computer bus C C Celsius clock Hardware component that controls timing for reading from or writing to gro
19. kaging and protective caps from retaining screws on the module Align the NI PXIe 8375 with the card guides on the top and bottom of the system controller slot UN Caution Do not raise the injector ejector handle as you insert the NI PXIe 8375 It will not insert properly unless the handle is in its downward position so that it does not interfere with the injector ejector rail on the chassis as shown in Figure 2 2 5 Hold the handle as you slowly slide the module into the chassis until the handle catches on the injector ejector rail 6 Raise the injector ejector handle until the module firmly seats into the backplane receptacle connectors The front panel of the NI PXIe 8375 should be even with the front panel of the chassis 3 Note LEDs on the back side of the NI PXIe 8375 card will light indicating the presence of 5V auxiliary power 7 Tighten the bracket retaining screws on the top and bottom of the front panel to secure the NI PXIe 8375 to the chassis 8 Replace or close any doors or covers to the chassis Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual 2 4 ni com Chapter 2 Hardware Installation Figure 2 2 shows an NI PXIe 8375 just before installation in the system controller slot of a National Instruments PXI Express chassis 1 PXI Express CompactPCl Express Chassis 3 Ejector Handle in Down Position 2 NI PXle 8375 4 PXI Express CompactPCl Express Slot 1 Figure 2 2 NI PXle 8375 Card Before I
20. lers e NI PClIe 8375 PCI Express Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 interface e NI PXIe 8375 PXI Express Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 interface e NI PClIe 8371 72 PCI Express Copper MXI Express x4 interface e NI PXIe 8370 PXI Express Copper MXI Express x4 interface How many PCI bus segments can I connect together with Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 The PCI specification allows up to 255 bus segments Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 does not limit this number but the maximum number of bus segments allowed can be BIOS or operating system dependent Also a computer will already have several PCI bus segments internally and the Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 link also has multiple PCI buses internally Every PCI Express device has at least 1 bus segment though it will have more if it includes a bridge or switch What does the BIOS Compat Mode switch on the PCIe 8375 do The larger PCI hierarchies created by MXI Express products pose a problem to some computer BIOS systems These problems can often be resolved by setting the BIOS Compat Mode switch ON and installing a software patch available from National Instruments Please contact National Instruments technical support for more information if you are having trouble with your MXI Express system National Instruments Corporation B 1 Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual Appendix B Common Questions General Cabling What is the maximum length of a Fiber Optic MXI Expres
21. n about power supplies and link state The NI PCle 8375 has one tri color LED for the port on the panel The NI PXIe 8375 has two tri color LEDs one for each port The front panel LEDs on the NI PCle 8375 and NI PXIe 8375 indicate the following Table 3 1 NI PCle 8375 and NI PXle 8375 Status LED Messages LED Meaning Off Power is off Red Blinking Power is out of spec Amber Power is within spec link not established Green Power is within spec link established National Instruments Corporation 3 3 Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual Chapter 3 Hardware Overview The NI PXIe 8375 has some additional LEDs on the back side of the board near the front panel connector These LEDs give additional information about the link status of the PCI Express lanes on the module to the backplane For more information refer to KnowledgeBase 3U7CDCD8 at ni com Cable Options Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 is available with cables of various lengths Table 3 2 shows the cables available from National Instruments Table 3 2 National Instruments Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 Cables Cable Length Meters Description 10m MXI Express x4 Fiber Optic cable part number 78 1042 10 30m MXI Express x4 Fiber Optic cable part number 78 1042 30 100 m MXI Express x4 Fiber Optic cable part number 78 1042 100 Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual 3 4 ni com
22. nstallation Cabling UN Cautions Never touch the exposed pins of connectors Doing so may damage the device Do not remove the cable after the system is powered on Doing so can hang or cause errors in applications communicating with devices behind Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 Ifa cable becomes unplugged plug it back into the system You may need to restart your computer National Instruments Corporation 2 5 Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual Chapter 2 Hardware Installation 3 Notes The cables are shipped with a protective plastic cap which must be removed before connecting the cable to the Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 hardware The protective cap should be used when the cable is stored For more information about cables refer to the Cable Options section of Chapter 3 Hardware Overview If daisy chaining additional chassis connect PORT 2 of the NI PXIe 8375 closer to the system controller to PORT 1 of the NI PXIe 8375 of the daisy chained chassis Connect the Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 cable to the NI PCIe 8375 and to PORT 1 of the NI PXIe 8375 The cables have no polarity so either end may be connected to either card Powering Up the Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 System 1 Power on all of the expansion chassis in any order you choose 2 Power on the host Standard PCI PCI bridges and switches are used to add PCI devices to a PCI hierarchy in which all the bridges and devices are contained within a singl
23. ntation viii Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual Index S T safety specifications A 4 technical support C 1 shock and vibration specifications training and certification NI resources C 1 NI PXIe 8375 A 3 troubleshooting NI resources C 1 SMBus Master 3 3 software common questions B 2 U NI resources C 1 unpacking 1 4 specifications A 1 CE compliance A 5 W cleaning A 4 electromagnetic compatibility A 5 environmental A 2 NI PCIe 8375 A 4 NI PXIe 8375 A 2 environmental management A 5 WEEE information A 6 online product certification A 5 physical A 1 A 2 safety A 4 storage environment specifications NI PCIe 8375 A 4 NI PXIe 8375 A 3 support technical C 1 switch PCI Express 3 2 Web resources C 1 WEEE information A 6 Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual l 3 ni com
24. o discharge any static electricity that might be on your clothes or body Adhere to proper ESD precautions described in the Unpacking section of Chapter 1 Introduction 3 Unplug the computer UN Caution To protect both yourself and the computer from electrical hazards your computer should remain off until you finish installing the NI PClIe 8375 4 Select any available PCI Express expansion slot x4 or wider 3 Note Using a PCI Express slot wider than x4 may result in negotiation down to x1 width National Instruments Corporation 2 1 Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual Chapter 2 Hardware Installation B Note The BIOS or motherboard may not support the NI PCIe 8375 in a slot intended for a graphics card 3 Note The NI PCIe 8375 requires a host computer that supplies a PCI Express clock that adheres to the PCI Express Specification The NI PCle 8375 may not be compatible with systems with noncompliant clocks particularly systems with clocks whose frequency peaks over 100 MHz Refer to the NI PClIe 8375 web page on ni com for more information 5 Locate the metal bracket that covers the cut out in the back panel of the computer for the slot you have selected Remove and save the bracket retaining screw and the bracket cover 6 Line up the NI PCle 8375 with the slot on the back panel Slowly lower the NI PClIe 8375 until its card edge connector is resting on the expansion slot receptacle Using slow evenly di
25. omment on National Instruments documentation refer to the National Instruments Web site at ni com info and enter the info code feedback 2009 National Instruments Corporation All rights reserved Important Information Warranty The NI PClIe 8375 and NI PXIe 8375 are warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment as evidenced by receipts or other documentation National Instruments will at its option repair or replace equipment that proves to be defective during the warranty period This warranty includes parts and labor The media on which you receive National Instruments software are warranted not to fail to execute programming instructions due to defects in materials and workmanship for a period of 90 days from date of shipment as evidenced by receipts or other documentation National Instruments will at its option repair or replace software media that do not execute programming instructions if National Instruments receives notice of such defects during the warranty period National Instruments does not warrant that the operation of the software shall be uninterrupted or error free A Return Material Authorization RMA number must be obtained from the factory and clearly marked on the outside of the package before any equipment will be accepted for warranty work National Instruments will pay the shipping costs of returning to the owner parts which are covered by warrant
26. oving the device from the package Remove the device from the package and inspect the device for loose components or any sign of damage Notify NI if the device appears damaged in any way Do not install a damaged device into the computer or into a PXI Express or CompactPCI Express chassis Store the device in the antistatic envelope when not in use Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual 1 4 ni com Hardware Installation This chapter explains how to install the Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 hardware Hardware Installation The following are general instructions for installing the Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 cards Consult your computer user manual or technical reference manual for specific instructions and warnings 3 Note The PXI Platform Services software on the PXI Platform Services CD or driver CD included with your PXI Express Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 hardware is required to provide chassis and controller identification for PXI features such as trigger routing and slot detection The PXI Platform Services software is also included with the NI DAQmx and NI VISA drivers For more information refer to KnowledgeBase 3TJDOND8 at ni com Installing an NI PCle 8375 Complete the following steps to install the NI PCIe 8375 in your computer 1 Power down the computer and remove the top cover to have access to the PCI Express expansion slots 2 Touch the metal part of the power supply case inside the computer t
27. pport and Professional Services Glossary Index Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual vi ni com About This Manual Conventions This manual describes the features functions and operation of the Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express series of products The products in this series are the NI PCle 8375 and the NI PXIe 8375 bold CompactPCI Express CPCle italic monospace PCI Express PCle PXI Express chassis PXI Express PXTe National Instruments Corporation vil The following conventions appear in this manual The symbol leads you through nested menu items and dialog box options to a final action The sequence File Page Setup Options directs you to pull down the File menu select the Page Setup item and select Options from the last dialog box This icon denotes a note which alerts you to important information This icon denotes a caution which advises you of precautions to take to avoid injury data loss or a system crash Bold text denotes items that you must select or click in the software such as menu items and dialog box options Bold text also denotes parameter names The terms CompactPCI Express and CPCIe are interchangeable in this manual Italic text denotes variables emphasis a cross reference or an introduction to akey concept Italic text also denotes text that is a placeholder for a word or value that you must supply Text in this font denot
28. press x4 Systems cece ec eeeeseeseeeseeneeeeeeaeeees 1 2 What You Need to Get Started iiics inti iin eieiei viaiia 1 3 Unpacking icici na a a ihe cathseudaacts E A asa APEEP Eara EEES EEEN 1 4 Chapter 2 Hardware Installation Hardware Installation ni a E R A RE eieteles 2 1 Installing an NI PC e 83 75 se csccccsescttnecesssesstevasseesuuecaassessyesvadeeseetascentoveessteteas 2 1 Installing an NI PXIe 8375 iniaiaiai 2 3 Cabling inr a aa aAa pa bates sees 2 5 Powering Up the Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 System eee eee eee 2 6 Powering Down the Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 System eee 2 6 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview Functional OVenvie Wires ns eciessteeeeccees tteveeseees Cates E AEE KA EER E 3 1 Functional Unit Descriptions iessen aea ia aN AEE EA E 3 2 PCI Express x4 Card Edge Connector ss sseessesseersseeresrsresrsresresesresrsersrentse 3 2 PCL Express S WitChe cceves ds estntet niall a eo E lateral 3 2 Cabled Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 Connector ces eeesesseeseeseeneeseenees 3 3 PCL EXxpress to PCI Bridge sisarien one cadens oils dav eee auade 3 3 SMBus Master esy ierste danei e catch es desdeptuelbavtes due heide s 3 3 TEED Indicators a T MG E A E O 3 3 Cable Options ssececcsecevck ooren aa E ET EEA E RE EEE EEEE attests 3 4 Appendix A Specifications National Instruments Corporation v Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual Contents Appendix B Common Questions Appendix C Technical Su
29. press x4 is based on PCI Express technology A Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 kit uses PCI Express switches to enable control of a PXI Express or CompactPCI Express chassis from a PC with an available PCI Express slot The PCI Express switch architecture is transparent to device drivers so no additional software is needed to support using PXI Express and CompactPCI Express devices in a chassis connected using Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 3 Note The PXI Platform Services software on the PXI Platform Services CD or driver CD included with your PXI Express Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 hardware is required to provide chassis and controller identification for PXI features such as trigger routing and slot detection The PXI Platform Services software is also included with the NI DAQmx and NI VISA drivers For more information refer to KnowledgeBase 3TJDOND8 at ni com The link between the PC and the chassis is a x4 PCI Express link This link is a dual simplex communication channel comprised of low voltage differentially driven signal pairs The link can transmit at a rate of 10 Gbps in each direction simultaneously though protocol overhead and other inefficiencies will reduce the achievable throughput Figure 3 1 shows the basic architecture of Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 The NI PCIe 8375 consists of a PCI Express x4 card edge connector a PCI Express switch and one cabled Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 connector The NI PXIe 8375 consists of two cabled Fiber
30. r PXI Express User Manual Chapter 1 3 3 Introduction Note The NI PCIe 8375 requires a host computer that supplies a PCI Express clock that adheres to the PCI Express Specification The NI PCIe 8375 may not be compatible with systems with noncompliant clocks particularly systems with clocks whose frequency peaks over 100 MHz Refer to the NI PCIe 8375 web page on ni com for more information Q An expansion chassis the PXI Express or CompactPCI Express chassis that you control with Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 Note Your PXI Express Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 card will work in any standard CompactPCI Express chassis adhering to the PICMG CompactPCI Express EXP 0 R1 0 Specification or in a PXI Express chassis compatible with the PXI Express Hardware Specification Revision 1 0 or later Your PCI Express Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 card will work in systems compliant with the PCI Express Specification Revision 1 0a or later Unpacking A Your Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 cards are shipped in antistatic packages to prevent electrostatic damage ESD to the devices ESD can damage several components on the device Caution Never touch the exposed pins of connectors Doing so may damage the device To avoid such damage in handling the device take the following precautions e Ground yourself using a grounding strap or by holding a grounded object e Touch the antistatic package to a metal part of the computer chassis before rem
31. rol The warranty provided herein does not cover damages defects malfunctions or service failures caused by owner s failure to follow the National Instruments installation operation or maintenance instructions owner s modification of the product owner s abuse misuse or negligent acts and power failure or surges fire flood accident actions of third parties or other events outside reasonable control Copyright Under the copyright laws this publication may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form electronic or mechanical including photocopying recording storing in an information retrieval system or translating in whole or in part without the prior written consent of National Instruments Corporation National Instruments respects the intellectual property of others and we ask our users to do the same NI software is protected by copyright and other intellectual property laws Where NI software may be used to reproduce software or other materials belonging to others you may use NI software only to reproduce materials that you may reproduce in accordance with the terms of any applicable license or other legal restriction Trademarks National Instruments NI ni com and LabVIEW are trademarks of National Instruments Corporation Refer to the Terms of Use section on ni com legal for more information about National Instruments trademarks Other product and company names mentioned herein are trademarks or trade names of their
32. rums NI Applications Engineers make sure every question submitted online receives an answer Standard Service Program Membership this program entitles members to direct access to NI Applications Engineers via phone and email for one to one technical support as well as exclusive access to on demand training modules via the Services Resource Center NI offers complementary membership for a full year after purchase after which you may renew to continue your benefits For information about other technical support options in your area visit ni com services or contact your local office at ni com contact Training and Certification Visit ni com training for self paced training eLearning virtual classrooms interactive CDs and Certification program information You also can register for instructor led hands on courses at locations around the world System Integration If you have time constraints limited in house technical resources or other project challenges National Instruments Alliance Partner members can help To learn more call your local NI office or visit ni com alliance C 1 Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual Appendix C Technical Support and Professional Services Declaration of Conformity DoC A DoC is our claim of compliance with the Council of the European Communities using the manufacturer s declaration of conformity This system affords the user protection for electromagnetic compatib
33. s substances from our products is beneficial not only to the environment but also to NI customers For additional environmental information refer to the NI and the Environment Web page at ni com environment This page contains the environmental regulations and directives with which NI complies as well as other environmental information not included in this document National Instruments Corporation A 5 Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual Appendix A Specifications Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment WEEE R EU Customers At the end of the product life cycle all products must be sent to a WEEE B recycling center For more information about WEFE recycling centers National Instruments WEFE initiatives and compliance with WEEE Directive 2002 96 EC on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment visit ni com environment weee BFS ais Riehl SE ChE ROHS Aes QL PARA National instruments KAP EE Fe EP Hh PLA FE EES ROHS KF National Instruments F E ROHS AAR XK ni com environment rohs_china For information about China ROHS compliance go to ni com environment rohs_china Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual A 6 ni com Common Questions This appendix lists common questions related to the use of the Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 controllers General Hardware What are the board names of the MXI Express x4 remote control
34. s x4 Fiber Optic cable The maximum length for a Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 Fiber Optic cable is 100 m National Instruments offers 10 m 30 m and 100 m Fiber Optic cables General Software Under which operating systems will Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 work Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 will be recognized as a collection of PCI to PCI bridges to the majority of operating systems It should automatically work with most systems like Windows Macintosh OS X Linux and Solaris but only Windows Vista XP has been verified in the initial release of Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 What software is required to use my Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 kit For Windows and LabVIEW RT the required software is included as part of the latest version of NI PXI Platform Services included with your kit The software for your Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 controller enhances the product allowing you to view information about the organization of your PXI system and programmatically retrieve data about the chassis and modules you have installed If the Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 software does not support your operating system you can still use Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 and the operating system will provide a mechanism for you to ignore the SMBus master that is built into the Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 hardware How does my Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 board show up in the Windows Device Manager Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 boards contain two types of PCI devices
35. ssssssssssssssssseeesssesen 0 057 Kg 0 13 Ib typical Power Rail Typical Current Maximum Current 3 3 V 1 25 A 2A 5 V 1 mA 2 5 mA 12 V 285 mA 450 mA 5 Vaux 100 mA 285 mA NI PCIe 8375 Power Rail Typical Current Maximum Current 3 3 V 550 mA 720 mA 3 3 Vaux OA OA 12 V 200 mA 320 mA NI PXle 8375 Maximum altitude cccesseeeseees 2 000 m 800 mbar at 25 C ambient temperature Pollution Degree cc eeeeseeneeseeeeeeees 2 Indoor use only Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual A 2 ni com Operating Environment Ambient temperature range Relative humidity range eee Storage Environment Ambient temperature range Relative humidity range eee Shock and Vibration Operational shock 0 eee eeeeeeeeeeees Random Vibration Operating sesin severed bese eived NOnOperating oss evesscis ecssestescbeueeteesartenceh Appendix A Specifications 0 to 55 C Tested in accordance with TEC 60068 2 1 and TEC 60068 2 2 Meets MIL PRF 28800F Class 3 low temperature limit and MIL PRF 28800F Class 2 high temperature limit 10 to 90 noncondensing Tested in accordance with JIEC 60068 2 56 40 to 71 C Tested in accordance with TEC 60068 2 1 and TEC 60068 2 2 Meets MIL PRF 28800F Class 3 limits 5 to 95 noncondensing Tested in accordance with TEC 60068 2 56 30 g peak
36. stributed pressure press the NI PCle 8375 straight down until it seats in the expansion slot as shown in Figure 2 1 7 Reinstall the bracket retaining screw to secure the NI PCle 8375 to the back panel rail 8 Replace the computer cover Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual 2 2 ni com Chapter 2 Hardware Installation p f C a Z 1 NI PCle 8375 3 PCI Express Slot x4 or wider 2 PCI Express x4 Card Edge Connector Figure 2 1 Installing the NI PCle 8375 Installing an NI PXle 8375 Complete the following steps to install the NI PXIe 8375 in your PXI Express or CompactPCI Express chassis 3 Note The NI PXIe 8375 must be installed in the controller slot slot 1 in PXI Express 1 Touch a metal part of the chassis to discharge any static electricity that might be on your clothes or body 2 Power off your PXI Express or CompactPCI Express chassis and unplug the computer cord UN Caution To protect both yourself and the chassis from electrical hazards leave the chassis off until you finish installing the NI PXIe 8375 3 Remove or open any doors or covers blocking access to the slot in which you intend to install the NI PXIe 8375 National Instruments Corporation 2 3 Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual Chapter 2 Hardware Installation 4 Make sure the injector ejector handle is in its downward position Be sure to remove all connector pac
37. ty certifications refer to the product label or the Online Product Certification section Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual A 4 ni com Appendix A Specifications Electromagnetic Compatibility This product is designed to meet the requirements of the following standards of EMC for electrical equipment for measurement control and laboratory use e EN 61326 IEC 61326 Class A emissions Basic immunity e EN 55011 CISPR 11 Group 1 Class A emissions e AS NZS CISPR 11 Group 1 Class A emissions e FCC 47 CFR Part 15B Class A emissions e ICES 001 Class A emissions 3 Note For the standards applied to assess the EMC of this product refer to the Online Product Certification section CE Compliance C This product meets the essential requirements of applicable European Directives as follows e 2006 95 EC Low Voltage Directive safety e 2004 108 EC Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive EMC Online Product Certification Refer to the product Declaration of Conformity DoC for additional regulatory compliance information To obtain product certifications and the DoC for this product visit ni com certification search by model number or product line and click the appropriate link in the Certification column Environmental Management National Instruments is committed to designing and manufacturing products in an environmentally responsible manner NI recognizes that eliminating certain hazardou
38. ups counter timer A circuit that counts external pulses or clock pulses timing National Instruments Corporation G 1 Fiber Optic MXI Express x4 for PXI Express User Manual D device digital trigger DMA FPGA IEEE PCI PCI Express PCI PCI bridge PXI x4 Glossary A plug in instrument card or pad that can contain multiple channels and conversion devices Plug in boards and PCMCIA cards are examples of devices A TTL level signal having two discrete levels a high and a low level Direct Memory Access a method by which data can be transferred to from computer memory from to a device or memory on the bus while the processor does something else DMA is the fastest method of transferring data to from computer memory Field Programmable Gate Array a logic device that has its functionality defined after it is manufactured Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Peripheral Component Interconnect a high performance expansion bus architecture originally developed by Intel to replace ISA and EISA It is achieving widespread acceptance as a standard for PCs and workstations it offers a theoretical maximum transfer rate of 132 Mbytes s A scalable full simplex serial bus standard that operates at 2 5 Gbps and offers both asynchronous and isochronous data transfers Device that transparently expands the PCI bus on a computer motherboard to another bus segment in the same machine The bridge expands
39. y National Instruments believes that the information in this document is accurate The document has been carefully reviewed for technical accuracy In the event that technical or typographical errors exist National Instruments reserves the right to make changes to subsequent editions of this document without prior notice to holders of this edition The reader should consult National Instruments if errors are suspected In no event shall National Instruments be liable for any damages arising out of or related to this document or the information contained in it EXCEPT AS SPECIFIED HEREIN NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS MAKES NO WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE CUSTOMER S RIGHT TO RECOVER DAMAGES CAUSED BY FAULT OR NEGLIGENCE ON THE PART OF NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE AMOUNT THERETOFORE PAID BY THE CUSTOMER NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM LOSS OF DATA PROFITS USE OF PRODUCTS OR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF This limitation of the liability of National Instruments will apply regardless of the form of action whether in contract or tort including negligence Any action against National Instruments must be brought within one year after the cause of action accrues National Instruments shall not be liable for any delay in performance due to causes beyond its reasonable cont
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