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User`s manual Flir Tools/Tools+

1. cece eeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 27 12 Sel E E ar EOE E AEA A AE EA EIE AEA S oie cee aoe ATT 27 1232 ProcedUG e areenaa E E 27 124 Deletngimag S n erinra a alt a aa 27 L241 General a A ee ee 27 1242 Procedir o eea O a AEE Ar 27 125 Adding a directoly ainese annk r a E 28 125 2 92 er a eee eae es 28 S2 OG COUN G roenn tate renin a erased meh Se aciee 28 12 6 Deletinga directory seuincndwe Secdein nace cde inessade A a 28 20A gt p gt gt eee ences eee eee een ae one ane a ocr ree 28 125022 PlOCCOUIC ror E aesrmmnai eas edes eae ea ae eee cce aie tame nece earns 28 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US vi Table of contents 13 14 15 12 7 GrealinGa SUDlOldCh a5 destin sel i eo ele at ee ee 28 i PY fe Ms a gt beer eee meee eee eee eee Cen eee eer Ree er eee 28 l2 72 PROC COUIC atest tice Sheol a lel eS L E 28 ANALYZING IMAGES i2 is cess nice tciacacedecs eesdedetarstddetedadsessssdcceiiandcceveaene 29 13 1 Laying out a measurement tool ce ccc cece cece eee eens cease eeeee nanos 29 Fe ig Fas GENE g Eee nest ene eaten enter or A ey aaa ee ae eS 29 MSE POCOO O emisna te racetrack emt reas ek utes Meh Oe crea 29 13 2 Moving a measurement tool cccecce cece eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeanes 29 es p22 me 219 Weep ne eee a eee ed ce ee 29 eZee PROCCOUN Ceres sctececdegeseeanedseasenies tear nese Coeaoeaeeecesueseeaces 29 13 3 Resizing a measurement tool
2. cece ese e eee eseeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeanes 29 IoT GOON Al ono 5 inde25s cadets tes ckensatesucdsatesavastateseseateeaeaseahee ances 29 13 32 IPROCCOUN Cisse tines sot loiete toca tected A 29 13 4 Deleting a measurement tOOl ccc cece eee sees eeeeeeeeeeseeeeanes 30 BAT Generales eae eee eee eee ee eee eee eee 30 134 25 PIOGCOUIC ieas aN 30 13 5 Working withisotherms neiise enei e a ea its 30 Iaoi General ose meaa aA OEE A 30 13 5 2 Setting up general isotherms Above Below 00000000000n 30 13 5 3 Setting up general isotherms Interval cceeee eee ee 31 13 5 4 Setting up a humidity isotherm cccceceeeeeeneeeeeeenees 31 13 5 5 Setting up an insulation isotherm cccceeeee eens eeeees 31 13 5 6 Setting up a custom ISOTNErM ccc cece eee eee e enna ee enees 32 13 6 Changing the temperature levels cccececeeeeneeeeeeeseeeseeneees 33 130 Generali adh nae eis s a E ANISS 33 13 6 2 Why change temperature levels 0 ccccce cece eeeeee cease 33 13 6 3 Changing the top level cccecceeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenees 34 13 6 4 Changing the bottom level ccecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeenees 34 13 6 5 Changing both the top and bottom levels at the same 11 a S meee ge aretes Seaman ene a ote Sere ee eta ee MEO Sree te eee ee eee ree 34 13 7 Auto adjusting animage neose deier a eas ese aes 35 TOI Gene dee n harass nee rae oa na
3. T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 67 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 18 4 2 1 2 IR Viewer object with a sequence file 1 2 3 4 5 6 The IR Viewer object with a sequence file contains the following information numbers re fer to the figure above Infrared sequence Temperature scale Control buttons to play back the sequence file Sliders to adjust scale limits Progress indicator Indicates that the image file has embedded GPS data Click the globe to display the position on a map oo ee o a 18 4 2 2 IR Viewer shortcut menu The IR Viewer object shortcut menu is displayed when right clicking an IR Viewer object Open Save s Show IR Scale Show Sketch B foom b Settings Image Fusion Rotate Right Rotate Left Formulas Open Click to open an image in the IR Viewer object placeholder or to change the cur rent image to a new image Save As Click to save the currently displayed image to your hard disk drive Show IR Scale Click to show hide the infrared scale at the far right in the infrared image Show Sketch Click to show hide a freehand sketch associated with the image Not all cameras support the creation of freehand sketches This option will be visible only if the images contain a freehand sketch For some old images if there are any markers these T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 68 Working in the Microsoft Word environment will be shown on
4. 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 37 14 Working with annotations 14 1 About image descriptions 14 1 1 What is an image description An image description is a brief free form textual description that is stored in an infrared image file It uses a standard tag in the jpg file format and can be retrieved by other software 14 1 1 1 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 On the Library tab double click an image 2 Inthe right pane type the image description in the field under Image description Note You can edit existing image descriptions on the final report pages but you cannot create new image de scriptions there 14 2 About text annotations 14 2 1 What is a text annotation A text annotation is textual information about something in an image and is constructed of a group of information pairs label and value The reason for using text annotations is to make reporting and post processing more efficient by providing essential information about the image e g conditions photos and information about where an image is taken A text annotation is a proprietary annotation format from FLIR Systems and the informa tion cannot be retrieved by other vendors software The concept relies heavily on inter action by the user In the camera the user can select one of several values for each label The user can also enter numerical values and make the text annotation capture meas urement values from the screen 14 2
5. 117 24 Thermographic measurement techniques 24 1 Introduction An infrared camera measures and images the emitted infrared radiation from an object The fact that radiation is a function of object surface temperature makes it possible for the camera to calculate and display this temperature However the radiation measured by the camera does not only depend on the tempera ture of the object but is also a function of the emissivity Radiation also originates from the surroundings and is reflected in the object The radiation from the object and the re flected radiation will also be influenced by the absorption of the atmosphere To measure temperature accurately it is therefore necessary to compensate for the ef fects of a number of different radiation sources This is done on line automatically by the camera The following object parameters must however be supplied for the camera e The emissivity of the object e The reflected apparent temperature e The distance between the object and the camera e The relative humidity e Temperature of the atmosphere 24 2 Emissivity The most important object parameter to set correctly is the emissivity which in short is a measure of how much radiation is emitted from the object compared to that from a per fect blackbody of the same temperature Normally object materials and surface treatments exhibit emissivity ranging from approx imately 0 1 to 0 95 A highly polished mirror su
6. 28 Table 28 1 Emissivity tables T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued 1 2 3 4 5 6 Leather tanned T 0 75 0 80 1 Lime T 0 3 0 4 1 Magnesium 22 T 0 07 4 Magnesium 260 T 0 13 4 Magnesium 538 T 0 18 4 Magnesium polished 20 T 0 07 2 Magnesium T 0 86 1 powder Molybdenum 1500 2200 T 0 19 0 26 1 Molybdenum 600 1000 0 08 0 13 1 Molybdenum filament 700 2500 0 1 0 3 1 Mortar 17 SW 0 87 5 Mortar dry 36 SW 0 94 7 Nextel Velvet Flat black 60 150 LW gt 0 97 10 and 811 21 Black 11 Nichrome rolled 700 T 0 25 1 Nichrome sandblasted 700 T 0 70 1 Nichrome wire clean 50 T 0 65 1 Nichrome wire clean 500 1000 T 0 71 0 79 1 Nichrome wire oxidized 50 500 T 0 95 0 98 1 Nickel bright matte 122 T 0 041 4 Nickel commercially 100 T 0 045 1 pure polished Nickel commercially 200 400 T 0 07 0 09 1 pure polished Nickel electrolytic 22 T 0 04 4 Nickel electrolytic 260 T 0 07 4 Nickel electrolytic 38 T 0 06 4 Nickel electrolytic 538 T 0 10 4 Nickel electroplated on 22 T 0 045 4 iron polished Nickel electroplated on 20 T 0 11 0 40 1 iron unpolished Nickel electroplated on 22 T 0 11 4 iron unpolished Nickel electroplated 20 T 0 05 2 polished Nickel oxidized 1227 T 0 85 4 Nickel oxidized 200 T 0 37 2 Nickel
7. 75 18 4 9 Summary Table Object cccecceeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeenees 75 18 4 10 Flir Tools dialog DOXES ccec eee cece cece eeeeeeeeeeeeeeenaees 76 18 5 Supported file formats in the IR Viewer Object ccceeeeeeeee es 99 19 Updating the camera and PC Software 0cecseeeeseeeeneeeeneeeeneeeenees 101 19 1 Updating the PC SoMmwate siccs decison cote catoceslaeetaeeinn om 101 It Gens eerste tanner me on nee ome 101 O12 IPROCCOUIC abies Ait Soa Sneek r teagan eh eee 101 19 2 Updating the camera firmware ccccceceeeeee eens eeeeeeeeeeeaneeees 101 192A Genera ea tad Mores det oumncatanetnesse a 101 19 22 POCOO anen innaianae ca a A 101 20 Changing SOINGS sses a a 102 20 1 Settings relating to Flir TOOIS TOOIS ccccece cece sees eaeeeaeeenees 102 2011 General eee ee e ee eee eee eee eee ee 102 20152 FRECOLOING TAD sisian terete 102 202 WICW TAD po eid cairns at aie aaa eaters 102 T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US viii Table of contents 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 203 AIDA aD neste t ak ote nes dese ae ah elt le eal cies 103 20A SIAC DOM Ve Oia tertein 23 tect ieines a meet Oise teans tet ta 103 20 9 SOUS NAD na eaa r eel othe aan deed le ter 104 20 0 Language TAD osne teh cow yak E ane aes 105 20 7 Settings relating to Flir K series CAMELAS ccc eee eeee eee eeeeeeaees 105 207A Generalean tear din dent EE 105 20 7 2 The General settings ta
8. Zoom controls Page controls Images in the currently selected folder See eS ee 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 10 Screen elements and toolbar buttons 10 4 Window elements the Report tab 10 4 1 Figure 10 4 2 Explanation Thumbnail view of the current report page Tabs to go to the different reports that are currently open Toolbar buttons Detail view of the current report page Area for image object details and voice comments Text box to search and filter the images Zoom controls Page controls 0 Images in the currently selected folder 2 3 4 5 Page setup where logos and paper size can be selected 6 7 8 9 1 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 20 10 Screen elements and toolbar buttons 10 5 Window elements the image editing window for still images 10 5 1 Figure 10 5 2 Explanation _ k Measurement toolbar 2 Thumbnail view of the infrared image and digital photo if available 3 Additional panes Le St Notes Measurements Parameters Text annotations Image information Temperature scale Cancel button Auto adjust button to adjust the image for the best brightness and contrast Temperature span and level control 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 21 10 Screen elements and toolbar buttons 10 6 Window elements the image editing window for video clips 10 6 1 Figure 10 6 2 Explanation
9. I Create a report template Click to open a default template that you can use as a basis for further customizations Select Units Click to display a dialog box where you can set temperature and distance units Apply IR Viewer settings globally This command is only enabled when an IR Viewer ob ject has been selected Click to apply the settings of the selected IR Viewer object globally Selected language Click to display a dialog box where you can set language About Click to display a dialog box with information about the program version 18 4 2 IR Viewer object 18 4 2 1 General An IR Viewer object is a placeholder for infrared images and sequence files An infrared image contains valid temperature information that may be output by overlaying different kinds of measurement tools such as spotmeters profiles and areas The appearance of the IR Viewer object depends on whether an infrared image or a se quence file is selected T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 66 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 18 4 2 1 1 IR Viewer object with infrared image 1 2 3 4 5 6 The IR Viewer object with an infrared image contains the following information numbers refer to the figure above 1 Infrared image 2 Temperature scale 3 Sliders to adjust the level and span To auto adjust an image for the best image brightness and contrast right click one of the sliders To move both sliders together pre
10. Importing images 9 1 Procedure Follow this procedure Install Flir Tools Tools on your computer Start Flir Tools Tools Turn on the camera Connect the camera to the computer using a USB cable This displays an import guide ee Import images from camera met View images in library 4 Connect to live stream Check for updates Figure 9 1 Import guide example Note For some older camera models you need to set the USB mode to mass storage device MSD or mass storage device UVC MSD UVC 5 Click Import images from camera and follow the on screen instructions to move the images from the camera to a destination folder on your computer Note e When the images are imported all file associations will be kept For example if a digital photo is grouped together with an infrared image in the camera this association will be retained in Flir Tools Tools The same applies for text annotations voice annotations sketches etc e Imported images will be saved by default under My Documents FLIR 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 16 10 Screen elements and toolbar buttons 10 1 Window elements the Library tab 10 1 1 Figure 10 1 2 Explanation h Folder pane 2 Program tabs e Instruments e g meters or infrared cameras e Library e Report e Panorama 3 Thumbnail view of selected folders 4 Menu bar e Templates e Full screen e Options e Help 5 Thu
11. etc Also numerical constants such as m can be used Most importantly references to measurement results other formulas and other numeri cal data can be inserted into formulas Note A formula can only operate on a single infrared image it cannot calculate for example differences be tween two infrared images 18 2 6 2 Creating a simple formula Creating a formula that calculates the difference between two spots 1 In your document insert an IR Viewer object 2 Lay out two spots in the image T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 57 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 3 Right click the IR Viewer object and select Formulas This will display the Formula di alog box Formula Formulas Label Expression 4 Click Add to display a dialog box in which you define your new formula Expression En Ez ze Bode Bonn pagg max fey cos Mt 2s i min fabs ff tan of i fe Degrees Precision r Radians 5 Do the following 1 Click Lo 2 to display a dialog box 2 Click Sp2 in the left list box 3 Click OK to leave the dialog box 6 Click the minus button to add a subtraction mathematical operator 7 Do the following 1 Click to display a dialog box 2 Click Sp1 in the left list box 3 Click OK to leave the dialog box T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 58 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 8 The Formula dialog box will now display your formula using Flir Systems
12. Measurement toolbar Thumbnail view of the video clip Information about the sequence file Measurement and parameters pane Image information pane Temperature scale Cancel button Save and close button Auto adjust button to adjust the image for the best brightness and contrast 10 Temperature span and level control 11 Play pause and forward backward buttons 12 Buttons to save a snapshot as a jpg file and to export the video clip as an avi file ee ee a Note Exporting a video clip as an avi file requires that FFDShow has been installed on the computer FFDShow can be downloaded from http www free codecs com 10 7 Toolbar buttons on the nstruments tab Note The nstruments tab will only become available when a camera in UVC mode or a MeterLink device is connected to the computer 10 7 1 Figure 10 7 2 Explanation 1 Selection tool 2 Spotmeter tool 3 Line tool T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 22 10 Screen elements and toolbar buttons Area tool Circle and ellipsis tool Rotate right left tool Zoom tool Color palette tool ee oS 10 8 Toolbar buttons in the image editing window 10 8 1 Figure 10 8 2 Explanation Selection tool Spotmeter tool Area tool Circle and ellipsis tool Line tool Difference tool Rotate left rotate right tool Color palette tool Thermal MSX tool 10 Thermal tool 11 Thermal fusion tool 12 Picture in picture too
13. ergy leakage through the building structure the so called thermal index Different building codes recommend different values for the thermal index but typical values are 0 6 0 8 for new buildings Refer to your national building code for recommendations 13 5 5 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 On the Library tab double click an image T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 31 13 Analyzing images P 2 On the image toolbar click v and select Insulation Depending on your object certain areas will now be colorized with an isotherm color 3 Inthe right pane take note of the parameter Calculated insulation This is the temper ature where the insulation level falls below a preset value of the energy leakage through the building structure Note The parameter Calculated insulation takes the following three parameters into account e Indoor temperature e Outdoor temperature e Thermal index 13 5 6 Setting up a custom isotherm 13 5 6 1 General A custom isotherm is an isotherm of any of the following types e Above e Below e Interval e Humidity e Insulation For these custom isotherms you can specify a number of different parameters manually compared with using the standard isotherms e Background e Colors semi transparent or solid colors e Inverted color for the Interval isotherm only 13 5 6 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 On the Library tab double click an image
14. 0 95 1 Fiber board hard untreated 20 SW 0 85 6 Fiber board masonite 70 SW 0 75 9 Fiber board masonite 70 LW 0 88 9 Fiber board particle board 70 SW 0 77 9 Fiber board particle board 70 LW 0 89 9 Fiber board porous untreated 20 SW 0 85 6 Gold polished 130 0 018 1 Gold polished carefully 200 600 0 02 0 03 1 Gold polished highly 100 T 0 02 2 Granite polished 20 LLW 0 849 8 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 140 Emissivity tables Table 28 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued 1 2 3 4 5 6 Granite rough 21 LLW 0 879 Granite rough 4 different 70 SW 0 95 0 97 9 samples Granite rough 4 different 70 LW 0 77 0 87 9 samples Gypsum 20 T 0 8 0 9 1 Ice See Water Iron and steel cold rolled 70 SW 0 20 9 Iron and steel cold rolled 70 LW 0 09 Iron and steel covered with red 20 T 0 61 0 85 rust Iron and steel electrolytic 100 T 0 05 4 Iron and steel electrolytic 22 T 0 05 4 Iron and steel electrolytic 260 T 0 07 4 Iron and steel electrolytic care 175 225 T 0 05 0 06 1 fully polished Iron and steel freshly worked 20 T 0 24 1 with emery Iron and steel ground sheet 950 1100 T 0 55 0 61 1 Iron and steel heavily rusted 20 T 0 69 2 sheet Iron and steel hot ro
15. 1 3 A note about working in the Microsoft Word environment Due to the fact that the report generator in Flir Tools is an add in to Microsoft Word ba sically all existing features you usually use when creating a Microsoft Word document template can be used when creating your report templates Flir Tools adds a number of commands that are specific to the industry of infrared imag ing and reporting and these commands can be accessed on the Flir Tools tab You use these features along with the usual Microsoft Word features when you create infrared report templates Note Creating a report template requires skill in creating document templates in Microsoft Word For more in formation about this refer to your Microsoft Word documentation or to the Microsoft Word online help When creating a custom report template you may find it useful to select Show Hide f on the Home tab in Microsoft Word 18 1 2 Creating a custom infrared report template You can create a custom infrared report template from a blank Microsoft Word template The easiest way however is to create a report template by modifying an existing T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 46 Working in the Microsoft Word environment template By doing this you can take advantage of the existing infrared objects already laid out on the report template page and you will save a lot of time compared with creat ing an infrared report template from scratch You can create
16. 2 Onthe image toolbar click LA and select Custom 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 32 Analyzing images 3 Inthe right pane specify the following parameters e For Above and Below e Background e Limit e Color e For Interval e Background e Upper limit e Lower limit e Color e Inverted interval e For Humidity e Background e Color e Relative humidity e Relative humidity limit e Atmospheric temperature e For nsulation e Background e Color e Indoor temperature e Outdoor temperature e Thermal index 13 6 Changing the temperature levels 13 6 1 General At the bottom of the infrared image you will see two sliders By dragging these sliders to the left or to the right you can change the top and bottom levels in the temperature scale 13 6 2 Why change temperature levels The reason to change the temperature levels manually is that it makes it easier to ana lyze a temperature anomaly 13 6 2 1 Example 1 This figure shows two infrared images of cable connection points In the left image a cor rect analysis of the circled cable is difficult if you only auto adjust the image You can an alyze this cable in more detail if you e Change the temperature scale level e Change the temperature scale span In the left image the image is auto adjusted In the right image the maximum and mini mum temperature levels have been changed to temperature levels near the object On t
17. 2 Definition of label and value The concept of text annotation is based on two important definitions abel and value The following examples explain the difference between the two definitions Company Company A Company B Company C Building Workshop 1 Workshop 2 Workshop 3 Section Room 1 Room 2 Room 3 Equipment Tool 1 Tool 2 Tool 3 Recommendation Recommendation 1 Recommendation 2 Recommendation 3 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 38 14 Working with annotations Note e n some cameras and software text annotation is called text comment or table e n some cameras and software label is called field 14 2 3 Example markup structure The file format for a text annotation is tcf This code sample is an example markup structure of such a file and shows how the markup looks in Notepad The words between pointed brackets are labels and the words without pointed brackets are values lt Company gt Company A Company B Company C lt BuLlding gt Workshop 1 Workshop 2 Workshop 3 lt Section gt Room 1 Room 2 Room 3 lt Equipment gt Machine 1 Machine 2 Machine 3 lt Recommendation gt Recommendation 1 Recommendation 2 Recommendation 3 14 2 4 Creating a text annotation for an image 14 2 4 1 General In Flir Tools Tools you can create a text annotation for an image You do this in the im age editing window 14 2 4 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 On t
18. 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Start Flir Tools Tools 2 On the Help menu select Check for updates This displays a dialog box FLIR Tools Version 3 1 Searching for updates FLIR E65 Version 2 23 14 Searching for updates Figure 19 1 Flir Tools Tools update dialog box example image 3 Follow the on screen instructions 19 2 Updating the camera firmware 19 2 1 General You can update your infrared camera with the latest firmware Note Before updating the camera you must update Flir Tools Tools 19 2 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Connect your infrared camera to a PC 2 Start Flir Tools Tools 3 On the Help menu select Check for updates This displays a dialog box FLIR Tools Version 3 1 FLIR E65 Version 2 23 14 Figure 19 2 Camera update dialog box example 4 Follow the on screen instructions 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 101 20 Changing settings 20 1 Settings relating to Flir Tools Tools 20 1 1 General You can change a variety of settings relating to report and imagesheet creation as well as settings relating to the software 20 1 2 Recording tab Recording File saving options File name prefix MyRecord Image format FLIR JPEG jpq Video fonmat FUR Sequence seq Disk space E Maximum amount of disk usage 212 4 GE of 223 6 GB disk File name prefix The prefix that shall be inserted in file names for recordings
19. 4 Platinum pure polished 200 600 T 0 05 0 10 1 Platinum ribbon 900 1100 T 0 12 0 17 1 Platinum wire 1400 T 0 18 1 Platinum wire 500 1000 T 0 10 0 16 1 Platinum wire 50 200 T 0 06 0 07 1 Porcelain glazed 20 T 0 92 1 Porcelain white shiny T 0 70 0 75 1 Rubber hard 20 Ai 0 95 1 Rubber soft gray rough 20 T 0 95 1 Sand T 0 60 1 Sand 20 T 0 90 2 Sandstone polished 19 LLW 0 909 8 Sandstone rough 19 LLW 0 935 8 Silver polished 100 T 0 03 2 Silver pure polished 200 600 T 0 02 0 03 1 Skin human 32 T 0 98 2 Slag boiler 0 100 T 0 97 0 93 1 Slag boiler 1400 1800 T 0 69 0 67 1 Slag boiler 200 500 T 0 89 0 78 1 Slag boiler 600 1200 T 0 76 0 70 1 Snow See Water Soil dry 20 T 0 92 2 Soil saturated with 20 0 95 2 water 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 145 28 Emissivity tables Table 28 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued 1 2 3 4 5 6 Stainless steel alloy 8 Ni 18 500 0 35 1 Cr Stainless steel rolled 700 0 45 1 Stainless steel sandblasted 700 0 70 1 Stainless steel sheet polished 70 SW 0 18 9 Stainless steel sheet polished 70 LW 0 14 9 Stainless steel sheet untreated 70 SW 0 30 9 somewhat scratched Stainless steel sheet untreated 70 LW 0 28 9 somewhat scratc
20. 92 T 0 07 4 Iron galvanized sheet burnished 30 T 0 23 1 Iron galvanized sheet oxidized 20 T 0 28 1 Iron tinned sheet 24 T 0 064 4 lron cast casting 50 T 0 81 1 lron cast ingots 1000 T 0 95 1 lron cast liquid 1300 T 0 28 1 Iron cast machined 800 1000 T 0 60 0 70 1 Iron cast oxidized 100 T 0 64 2 Iron cast oxidized 260 T 0 66 4 Iron cast oxidized 38 T 0 63 4 Iron cast oxidized 538 T 0 76 4 Iron cast oxidized at 600 C 200 600 T 0 64 0 78 1 Iron cast polished 200 T 0 21 1 Iron cast polished 38 T 0 21 4 Iron cast polished 40 T 0 21 2 Iron cast unworked 900 1100 T 0 87 0 95 1 Krylon Ultra flat Flat black Room tempera LW Ca 0 96 12 black 1602 ture up to 175 Krylon Ultra flat Flat black Room tempera MW Ca 0 97 12 black 1602 ture up to 175 Lacquer 3 colors sprayed 70 SW 0 50 0 53 9 on Aluminum Lacquer 3 colors sprayed 70 LW 0 92 0 94 9 on Aluminum Lacquer Aluminum on 20 T 0 4 1 rough surface Lacquer bakelite 80 T 0 83 1 Lacquer black dull 40 100 T 0 96 0 98 1 Lacquer black matte 100 T 0 97 2 Lacquer black shiny 20 T 0 87 1 sprayed on iron Lacquer heat resistant 100 T 0 92 1 Lacquer white 100 T 0 92 2 Lacquer white 40 100 T 0 8 0 95 1 Lead oxidized at 200 C 200 T 0 63 1 Lead oxidized gray 20 T 0 28 1 Lead oxidized gray 22 T 0 28 4 Lead shiny 250 T 0 08 1 Lead unoxidized 100 T 0 05 4 polished Lead red 100 T 0 93 4 Lead red powder 100 T 0 93 1 T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 142
21. Button to connect a camera 7 Program tabs 8 Image window 9 Toolbar buttons 10 Sliders to adjust the bottom and top temperature levels in the scale 11 Temperature scale 12 Measurements window results from the connected device e g a meter 13 Toolbar buttons e Show hide thermal camera view e Show hide measurements view e Show hide plot view 14 Menu bar e Templates e Full screen e Options e Help 15 Measurements and parameters pane devices T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 18 10 Screen elements and toolbar buttons 16 Measurements and parameters pane thermal cameras Note A x icon in the result table indicates that the measurement result is above or below the cali brated temperature range of the infrared camera and is therefore incorrect This phenomenon is called overflow or underflow A A icon in the result table indicates that the measurement result is too close to the calibrated temperature range of the infrared camera and is therefore unreliable 17 Annotations pane 18 Auto adjust button 19 Plot window 10 3 Window elements the Create imagesheet tab 10 3 1 Figure 10 3 2 Explanation Thumbnail view of the current page Tabs to go to the different imagesheets that are currently open Detail view of the current imagesheet page Page setup where a company logo and the paper size can be selected Page layout setup Text box to search and filter the images
22. Fo L val 2 00 ana Fo 1 val 0x000000F anz Enn oo EN Soo soon noo Soo LL foo one Degrees Precision r Radians 6 Click OK to leave the Formula dialog box 7 Click Close 8 Place the cursor below the IR Viewer object On the Flir Tools tab click A Field The Field Contents dialog box will open 9 Do the following 1 Inthe left pane click the conditional formula you have created 2 Click OK A Field object will now be inserted below your image and the result of the Fo1 formu la will be displayed in red or green depending on the measured values of the two spotmeters Note These types of conditional formulas can be connected to the following objects e Field objects e Table objects e Summary Table objects 18 2 7 Image fusion 18 2 7 1 General Flir Tools allows you to fuse an infrared image with a visual image Fusing images can make it easier to identify the exact position of temperature anomalies 18 2 7 2 Image fusing procedure Fusing an infrared image with a visual image 1 Insert an IR Viewer object 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 61 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 2 Open the Image Fusion dialog box by doing one of the following e Inthe IR Viewer object toolbar click e Right click the IR Viewer object and select mage Fusion from the shortcut menu Image Fusion popen Imaje ip View Full Image H Reference Point 2 f Reference Point 2 m1 Reference Point 3 p
23. Im age Settings dialog box 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 78 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment Advanced Color Settings Appearance C Invert palette I Show out of range colors E Show saturation calors I Use bilinear filtering ta enhance image quality Color Distribution Histo gram equalization Signal linear Output linear Invert palette Check this box to invert the color distribution in a palette vertically Show out of range colors Check this box to assign a special color for temperatures out side the calibrated temperature range of the infrared camera Show saturation colors Check this box to assign a special color for the temperatures outside the scale limits Use bilinear filtering to enhance image quality Check this box to improve the image quality Histogram equalization This is an image displaying method that evenly distributes the color information over the existing temperatures of the image This method to distribute the information can be particularly successful when the image contains few peaks of very high temperature values Signal linear This is an image displaying method where the color information in the im age is distributed linearly to the signal values of the pixels Output linear This selection works in conjunction with the settings under Preferred out put on the Preferences tab see section 18 4 10 2 5 Preferences tab page 86 This is an image displ
24. Relative MUMICILY erresa ear cir ar Seats cian eeueae eee 121 24 6 Other Parameters ccccceceece cece eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeegeeeeeeeneeenees 121 History of infrared teChnOlOG cccccccceeeeceeeseeeeeeeeeeeeneeeneeeeaeeenanenns 123 Theory of thermoOgraphy ccccccecseeseeeenseeeneeeneeeeaeeeneeeeneaeeeneeneaneaes 126 ZOO AIFOOUCTION eek oat arcane a A 126 26 2 The electromagnetic SPeCtrUM cccccece cence eee eeeeeeeeeeaneeeas 126 203 Blackbody FaGlallOnccsuiens Cote te Sorel te setae Daan tee 126 203k Panek SHAW such cnt ete ceuwbncek ane cawh vere E 127 26 3 2 Wien s displacement law ccccsceeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeneeees 128 26 3 3 Stefan BoltZmann s law cccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeneeseeeaeenaes 129 26 3 4 Non blackbody emittersS cccccceeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeaeeeees 130 26 4 Infrared semi transparent materialS ccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 132 The Measurement fOrmMull ccceseeeeeeenseeeeeeeseeeeaseeneeeeaeoeeeeeeneaeeaes 133 EMISSIVITY tables osi Aa 137 26 1 IRCICKONCES aaa arr aeterncavee ta acuwe aan atia ae caweiatreass relneees 137 ZO2 WADICS an terest ante eat hans arian satantin A a 137 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US Ix Legal disclaimer 1 1 Legal disclaimer All products manufactured by Flir Systems are warranted against defective materials and workmanship for a period of one 1 year from the delivery date of the original purchase provided such
25. T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued 1 2 3 4 5 6 Brass polished highly 100 0 03 Brass rubbed with 80 20 0 20 2 grit emery Brass sheet rolled 20 0 06 1 Brass sheet worked 20 0 2 1 with emery Brick alumina 17 SW 0 68 5 Brick common 17 SW 0 86 0 81 5 Brick Dinas silica 1100 T 0 85 1 glazed rough Brick Dinas silica 1000 T 0 66 1 refractory Brick Dinas silica un 1000 T 0 80 1 glazed rough Brick firebrick 17 SW 0 68 5 Brick fireclay 1000 0 75 1 Brick fireclay 1200 0 59 1 Brick fireclay 20 0 85 1 Brick masonry 35 SW 0 94 7 Brick masonry 20 T 0 94 1 plastered Brick red common 20 0 93 2 Brick red rough 20 0 88 0 93 1 Brick refractory 1000 0 46 1 corundum Brick refractory 1000 1300 F 0 38 1 magnesite Brick refractory 500 1000 T 0 8 0 9 1 strongly radiating Brick refractory weakly 500 1000 T 0 65 0 75 1 radiating Brick silica 95 SiO2 1230 0 66 1 Brick sillimanite 33 1500 0 29 1 SiO2 64 Al203 Brick waterproof 17 SW 0 87 5 Bronze phosphor bronze 70 SW 0 08 9 Bronze phosphor bronze 70 LW 0 06 9 Bronze polished 50 T 0 1 1 Bronze porous rough 50 150 T 0 55 1 Bronze powder T 0 76 0 80 1 Carbon candle soot 20 T 0 95 2 Carbon charcoal powder T
26. T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 63 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 6 To add a custom property type a name in the Name box To make your custom prop erties easy to find you can type an underscore _ as the first character in the name of the property 7 Use the Type box to specify the type of property 8 To specify the value of the property type it in the Value box 9 Click Add to add the custom property to the list of properties and then click OK 10 Save the infrared report template using a different filename but with the same file name extension dotx You have now added summary and custom properties to your renamed infrared report template Note e Ifyou want to change the name of a custom document property due to how the Custom tab of the Properties dialog box in Microsoft Word works the only way to do this is to delete it and then recre ate it If you want to move a document property up or down the whole list has to be recreated e A Microsoft Word field is not the same as a field inserted by clicking on the Field button on the Flir Tools tab e You may find that a Flir Systems property has been added to your document automatically Do not remove this property Flir Tools uses it to distinguish between infrared documents and other documents 18 3 4 Changing the prefix for a report property 18 3 4 1 General When a report has been generated a Report properties dialog box will be displayed In this
27. Type To change the line type of a line select a new line type from the drop down list box and click Apply Reversed To reverse direction of the graph select Yes from the drop down list box and click Apply 18 4 10 5 Histogram Settings dialog box The Histogram Settings dialog box is displayed when you right click an IR Histogram ob ject and select Settings from the shortcut menu 18 4 10 5 1 General tab Histogram Settings General al Temperature axis Ed Grid lines IR Scale Ed Legend a HE fd 30 View Oe Ml Swap X amp Y Axes Max Temperature Ml Use palette ae Min Temperature Columns te Label Fixed Underflow Overflow Te ese W Peak aa Percentage axis a Min 7 Max 9 Auto Average i emperature threshold method i None w Step Band Grid Lines To display a grid of horizontal lines in the IR Histogram object click Grid Lines Legend To display a legend below the IR Histogram object click Legend 3D View To create a three dimensional rendering of the graph of the IR Histogram ob ject click 3D View Swap X amp Y Axes To swap the X and Y axes of the IR Histogram object click Swap X amp Y Axes Use palette To use a color palette for the three dimensional rendering of the IR Histo gram object select Use palette and click Apply Columns To add or remove columns in the IR Histogram object select or clear these boxes None Select this option button if no threshol
28. Word environment 18 4 10 2 2 2 Ilsotherms tab with an insulation alarm Image Settings Isatherms Isotherms Color Insulation 2 Delete zolid Humidity 1 Contrast E Palette Insulation Alarm Indoor air temperature Insulation factor 20 00 0 70 Outdoor air temperature Indoor air temperature This parameter refers to the air temperature inside the building in question when setting up insulation alarms An insulation alarm is an alarm that can de tect what may be an insulation deficiency in a wall Outdoor air temperature This parameter refers to the air temperature outside the build ing in question when setting up insulation alarms Insulation factor The insulation factor is the accepted energy loss through the wall Dif ferent building codes recommend different values but typical values are 0 70 0 80 for new buildings Note Refer to your national building code for recommendations 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 82 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 18 4 10 2 3 Annotations tab Image Settings Annotations Text comment ptabel vate Company FUR Systems Image Description if a Ce camme nt Label The label of a text comment Value The value of a text comment Add Click to display a dialog box where you can add a new text comment Edit Click to display a dialog box where you can change the label and value Delete To delete the text comment select th
29. and expertise to solve it within the shortest possible time Therefore there is no need to send your camera to the other side of the world or to talk to someone who does not speak your language 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 113 22 About Flir Systems 22 4 A few images from our facilities Figure 22 5 LEFT Testing of infrared cameras in the climatic chamber RIGHT Robot used for camera testing and calibration 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 114 23 absorption absorption factor atmosphere autoadjust autopalette blackbody blackbody radiator calculated at mospheric transmission cavity radiator color temperature conduction continuous adjust convection dual isotherm emissivity emissivity factor emittance environment estimated at mospheric transmission external optics filter FOV FPA graybody IFOV Glossary The amount of radiation absorbed by an object relative to the re ceived radiation A number between 0 and 1 The gases between the object being measured and the camera nor mally air A function making a camera perform an internal image correction The IR image is shown with an uneven spread of colors displaying cold objects as well as hot ones at the same time Totally non reflective object All its radiation is due to its own temperature An IR radiating equipment with blackbody properties used to cali brate IR cameras A tran
30. and select nterval 3 Inthe right pane take note of the parameters Upper limit and Lower limit Areas in the image with a temperature between these two temperatures will be colorized with the isotherm color You can change these limits and also change the isotherm color on the Color menu 13 5 4 Setting up a humidity isotherm 13 5 4 1 General The humidity isotherm can detect areas where there is a risk of mold growing or where there is a risk of the humidity falling out as liquid water i e the dew point 13 5 4 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 On the Library tab double click an image r a 2 On the image toolbar click v and select Humidity Depending on your object cer tain areas will now be colorized with an isotherm color 3 Inthe right pane take note of the parameter Calculated limit This is the temperature at which there is a risk of humidity If the parameter Relative humidity limit is set to 100 this is also the dew point i e the temperature at which the humidity falls out as liquid water Note The parameter Calculated limit takes the following three parameters into account e Relative humidity e Relative humidity limit e Atmospheric temperature 13 5 5 Setting up an insulation isotherm 13 5 5 1 General The insulation isotherm can detect areas where there may be an insulation deficiency in the building It will trigger when the insulation level falls below a preset value of the en
31. and the low sen sitivity range to maintain an optimal infrared image while at the same time maintaining a safe and consistent heat colorization of the fire scene e Automatic range e Colorization of heat 150 to 650 C 302 to 1202 F e High sensitivity range 20 to 150 C 4 to 302 F e Low sensitivity range 0 to 650 C 32 to 1202 F 20 7 4 2 Black and white firefighting mode Figure 20 2 Black and white firefighting mode The black and white firefighting mode is an NFPA standardized firefighting mode It is a multipurpose mode for the initial fire attack with life rescuing operation and control of the fire It is specifically designed for fire services that do not want to use the heat coloriza tion feature The camera automatically switches between the high sensitivity range and the low sen sitivity range to maintain an optimal infrared image e Automatic range e High sensitivity range 20 to 150 C 4 to 302 F e Low sensitivity range 0 to 650 C 32 to 1202 F T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 108 20 Changing settings 20 7 4 3 Fire mode Figure 20 3 Fire mode The fire mode is similar to the NFPA standardized firefighting mode but with a higher temperature starting point for the heat colorization It is suitable for fire scenes with high er background temperatures where there are already a lot of open flames and a high background temperature The camera automatically s
32. at any wavelength so we have the relation p 7 For opaque materials Tt O and the relation simplifies to amp p 1 Another factor called the emissivity is required to describe the fraction of the radiant emittance of a blackbody produced by an object at a specific temperature Thus we have the definition The spectral emissivity the ratio of the spectral radiant power from an object to that from a blackbody at the same temperature and wavelength Expressed mathematically this can be written as the ratio of the spectral emittance of the object to that of a blackbody as follows Wi Generally speaking there are three types of radiation source distinguished by the ways in which the spectral emittance of each varies with wavelength e A blackbody for which amp 1 e A graybody for which s constant less than 1 T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 130 Theory of thermography e A selective radiator for which varies with wavelength According to Kirchhoff s law for any material the spectral emissivity and spectral absorp tance of a body are equal at any specified temperature and wavelength That is Ey Oy From this we obtain for an opaque material Since aa pa 1 Ey Tpi i For highly polished materials approaches zero so that for a perfectly reflecting materi al i e a perfect mirror we have Pi l For a graybody radiator the Stefan Boltzmann
33. below The following objects can appear in the report e IR Viewer object e Digital Photo object e IR Profile object e IR Histogram object e IR Trending object e Field object e Table object e Summary Table object Toolbars submenus buttons etc related to the objects are described in detail in sec tion 18 4 Software reference section page 65 18 2 1 Inserting objects FLIR Tools W LSS IR Profile E Quick Inset Field Ri Delete Page Ea Report properties B 3 _ Wi IR Histogram i Connect aj Table B3 Duplicate Page IR Digital __ Help FUR Viewer Photo W6 IR Trending Delete Z Summary Table x e Images and graphs Tables Document FLR Tools Days left 30 18 2 1 1 IR Viewer and Digital Photo objects IR Viewer and Digital Photo objects are placeholders that automatically load infrared and visual images when a report is created Inserting IR Viewer and Digital Photo objects 1 On your template page place the cursor where you want the IR Viewer object or the Digital Photo object to appear The placeholders will be inserted after and below the cursor al IR ae Digital 2 On the Flir Tools tab click for an IR Viewer object or Ph t for a Digital Photo object A placeholder will now appear on the page As you are creating a tem plate you should not open any infrared images or photos 18 2 1 2 IR Profile objects When a report is created the IR Profile object
34. can be directly converted into true requested object temperature Utot Measured camera output voltage for the actual case Ure Theoretical camera output voltage for a blackbody of temperature Treti according to the calibration Uatm Theoretical camera output voltage for a blackbody of temperature Tatm according to the calibration The operator has to supply a number of parameter values for the calculation e the object emittance e e the relative humidity e Tatm e object distance Dopj e the effective temperature of the object surroundings or the reflected ambient tem perature Tref and e the temperature of the atmosphere Tatm This task could sometimes be a heavy burden for the operator since there are normally no easy ways to find accurate values of emittance and atmospheric transmittance for the actual case The two temperatures are normally less of a problem provided the surround ings do not contain large and intense radiation sources A natural question in this connection is How important is it to know the right values of these parameters It could though be of interest to get a feeling for this problem already here by looking into some different measurement cases and compare the relative 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 134 27 The measurement formula magnitudes of the three radiation terms This will give indications about when it is impor tant to use correct values of which parameter
35. coating 811 21 between 36 C AND 82 C 11 Lohrengel amp Todtenhaupt 1996 12 ITC Technical publication 32 13 ITC Technical publication 29 Note The emissivity values in the table below are recorded using a shortwave SW camera The values should be regarded as recommendations only and used with caution 28 2 Tables Table 28 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference gray dull 1 2 3 4 5 6 3M type 35 Vinyl electrical lt 80 LW Ca 0 96 13 tape several colors 3M type 88 Black vinyl electri lt 105 LW Ca 0 96 13 cal tape 3M type 88 Black vinyl electri lt 105 MW lt 0 96 13 cal tape 3M type Super 33 Black vinyl electri lt 80 LW Ca 0 96 13 cal tape Aluminum anodized sheet 100 T 0 55 2 Aluminum anodized black 70 SW 0 67 dull Aluminum anodized black 70 LW 0 95 9 dull Aluminum anodized light 70 SW 0 61 9 gray dull Aluminum anodized light 70 LW 0 97 9 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 137 28 Emissivity tables Table 28 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued 1 2
36. dhs invention to provida means axes of a coordinate system x being along the optical axis ing age to ws ont te Soa aperture optical scanning of said field of view many times per and z parallel to the axis of rotation 2 A point on the Ste tg rely e Te a described by the following invention will be from the folowing accurate and efficient scanning of a field of view the 25 ordinate of which is 0 since it is in the x y plane ET ie 3 decripuion D oy d amet an so dead or nonutilized scanning time being reduced to a The deflection of rays is shown in FIG 2 in the y di 10 ims and in particular to such mechanioms grunmatic Se Ge ecoampenyiag Other objects and various further features of novelty solraction of si oa sa 3 whereby electro magnetic radiation is picked Fi drawings in which and invention will be pointed ovt or will occur to those ape ha g 7 a ee up and applied thereby to 1 is a side view of a scanning prism skilled in the art from a reading of the following specifica 30 2 PIG 3 shows the necessary form 7 and 8 of the means from which values measured the and Tumate the defection of ape fides tion in conjunction with the accompanying drawings image surfaces of said optical system in order that said means can be magnetic radiation by the and the focus 55 Said drawings show the principle of the invention field of view shall be scanned without aberrations for 15 k is an of the present invention to sing of the rays at scanning apertu
37. dialog box you can enter customer information and information about the inspection The information you enter in this dialog box will then populate the corresponding place holders in the report The report properties show up dependent on the fact that they start with an underscore _ However if you have created your own custom templates you may have created re port properties with a different prefix e g using a percentage sign a dollar sign a hash sign or the whole or part of your company name e g ACME To have these properties show up when you have generated the report you need to update the property FLIR_ReportPropertyPrefix 18 3 4 2 Procedure Note This procedure assumes that you have created your own set of custom report properties using a prefix other than the underscore _ Follow this procedure 1 Start Microsoft Word and open one of your infrared report templates dotx You can locate the report templates that are shipped with Flir Tools by typing the following path C Documents and Settings Your user name Application Data Microsoft Templates IR On the File tab click Info From the Properties download menu select Advanced Properties On the Summary tab enter your information in the appropriate text boxes Click the Custom tab Under Properties select FLIR_ReportPropertyPrefix Under Value type the prefix that you want to use for your custom report properties Save the repo
38. display the fused image click OK 9 Inthe IR Viewer object you can adjust the exact position of the digital photo in the fused image by doing one or more of the following e To move the digital photo up down or left right in 1 pixel increments use the arrow keys on your keyboard e To rotate the digital photo clockwise counter clockwise in 1 increments use the Page Up and Page Down keys on your keyboard 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 62 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 10 In the IR Viewer object you can control Image Fusion with the slider at the bottom of the IR Viewer object Slider to control Image Fusion with the Interval setting es Slider to control Image Fusion with the Blending setting Slider to control Image Fusion with the Multi Spectral Dynamic Imaging MSX setting Drag the slider left or right to fuse the infrared image with the digital photo You can al so use one of the following shortcuts e To go to the full infrared image or to the full digital photo double click the corre sponding icon at the left or right end of the gauge e To center the slider on the gauge right click the gauge e To move the slider to a specific position on the gauge double click the gauge at that position e To move the slider in small increments to the left or to the right click the gauge to the left or to the right of the slider For more information about Image Fusion see sections see section 18
39. disturbance in the infrared image A set of values describing the circumstances under which the meas urement of an object was made and the object itself such as emis sivity reflected apparent temperature distance etc A non calibrated value related to the amount of radiation received by the camera from the object The set of colors used to display an IR image Stands for picture element One single spot in an image Amount of energy emitted from an object per unit of time area and angle W m2 sr Amount of energy emitted from an object per unit of time W The process by which electromagnetic energy is emitted by an ob ject or a gas A piece of IR radiating equipment The current overall temperature measurement limitation of an IR camera Cameras can have several ranges Expressed as two blackbody temperatures that limit the current calibration A temperature which the ordinary measured values can be com pared with The amount of radiation reflected by an object relative to the re ceived radiation A number between 0 and 1 Relative humidity represents the ratio between the current water va pour mass in the air and the maximum it may contain in saturation conditions The areas that contain temperatures outside the present level span settings are colored with the saturation colors The saturation colors contain an overflow color and an underflow color There is also a third red saturation color that ma
40. drawings in dxf and pdf format e Cad data models in stp format e Application stories e Technical datasheets e Product catalogs T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 4 What is Flir Tools Tools 7 4 1 Introduction Library Report Flir Tools Tools is a software suite specifically designed to provide an easy way to up date your camera and create inspection reports Examples of what you can do in Flir Tools Tools include the following e Import images from your camera to your computer e Apply filters when searching for images e Lay out move and resize measurement tools on any infrared image e Group and ungroup files e Create panoramas by stitching several smaller images into a larger one e Create PDF imagesheets of any images of your choice e Add headers footers and logos to imagesheets e Create PDF Microsoft Word reports for images of your choice e Add headers footers and logos to reports e Update your camera with the latest firmware 4 2 Comparison between Flir Tools and Flir Tools This table explains the difference between Flir Tools and Flir Tools Feature function Flir Tools Flir Tools Import images using USB X X Create IR photo image groups manually X Measure temperatures using spots areas lines X X and isotherms Measure a temperature difference X X Adjust object parameters X X View a live image X X Save infrar
41. formula becomes W coT Watt m This states that the total emissive power of a graybody is the same as a blackbody at the same temperature reduced in proportion to the value of from the graybody Figure 26 8 Spectral radiant emittance of three types of radiators 1 Spectral radiant emittance 2 Wave length 3 Blackbody 4 Selective radiator 5 Graybody 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 131 26 Theory of thermography 3 cede DN A 5 Figure 26 9 Spectral emissivity of three types of radiators 1 Spectral emissivity 2 Wavelength 3 Black body 4 Graybody 5 Selective radiator 26 4 Infrared semi transparent materials Consider now a non metallic semi transparent body let us say in the form of a thick flat plate of plastic material When the plate is heated radiation generated within its volume must work its way toward the surfaces through the material in which it is partially ab sorbed Moreover when it arrives at the surface some of it is reflected back into the inte rior The back reflected radiation is again partially absorbed but some of it arrives at the other surface through which most of it escapes part of it is reflected back again Although the progressive reflections become weaker and weaker they must all be added up when the total emittance of the plate is sought When the resulting geometrical series is summed the effective emissivity of a semi transparent plate is obtained as 1 a
42. from the library 12 6 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Goto the Library tab 2 Right click a directory and select Delete directory Note Only subdirectories can be deleted Root directories can only be removed by deleting the path under Options gt Library Removing the path does not delete the images 12 7 Creating a subfolder 12 7 1 General You can create a subfolder to an existing directory in the library 12 7 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Goto the Library tab 2 Right click a directory and select Create subfolder 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 28 13 Analyzing images 13 1 Laying out a measurement tool 13 1 1 General You can lay out one or more measurement tools on an image e g a spotmeter an area a circle or a line Note A x icon in the result table indicates that the measurement result is above or below the calibrated temperature range of the infrared camera and is therefore incorrect This phenomenon is called over flow or underflow A A icon in the result table indicates that the measurement result is too close to the calibrated tem perature range of the infrared camera and is therefore unreliable 13 1 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 On the Library tab double click an image 2 Onthe image toolbar select a measurement tool 3 To lay out the measurement tool on the image click the location where the measure ment tool is to be placed Note You ca
43. information that may be out put by overlaying different kinds of measurement tools such as spotmeters profiles and areas Lael Digital Click Frato to insert a Digital Photo object This photo may have been taken with a stand alone digital camera or with the digital visual camera featured on some Flir Sys tems infrared cameras Only use this method to insert a photo when you design a report template In all other situations insert photos by clicking Picture on the Insert tab GE Click Es IR Profile to insert an IR Profile object An IR Profile object contains a graph showing pixel values along a line in an infrared image Click oar to insert an IR Histogram object An IR Histogram object contains a graph illustrating how pixels in the image are distributed by plotting the number of pix els at each temperature level Click ee Trending to insert an IR Trending object A trending object is a graphical rep resentation of measurement values or text comment values on the Y axis against infrared report pages or infrared images on the X axis sorted by time page number or text com ment values It can also display probable trends according to different algorithms Click a to display the Quick nsert dialog box see section 18 4 10 1 Quick Insert dialog box page 76 where you can create a report by selecting a predefined page layout or modifying an existing page layout Click ii Connect to connect infrared objects to each other for example
44. object T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 54 Working in the Microsoft Word environment Click GC to create polygon areas on infrared images The measurement result can then be displayed in a Table object Pa l Click to create a line on infrared images The measurement result can then be dis played in an IR Profile object Click to create a bent line on infrared images The measurement result can then be displayed in an IR Profile object Click to calculate the difference between two temperatures for example two spot meters or a spotmeter and the maximum temperature in the image The result from the calculation will be displayed both as a ToolTip and as a result in the result table Using this toolbar button requires you to have laid out at least one measurement function on your image Click to create a marker that you can move anywhere in an image and point to an area of interest Click a to display a menu where you can do one of the following e Insert an isotherm above a temperature level This assigns a color to all temperatures above a certain temperature level in an image with one preset color e Insert an isotherm below a temperature level This assigns a color to all temperatures below a certain temperature level in an image with one preset color e Setan isotherm color that is displayed when the camera detects an area where there may be a risk of humidity in the building structure a humidity alarm e Setan is
45. prism are an image surface ie pelen hea of isting miror in che collecting optics This Said prism can be rotated very rapidly according to our 00 tons z hid i longitudinal n r P A i 4 The entry of the coming optical of the prism an aperture situated substanti tiking the routing axis of the pama The prance toy In this an ian aiios ones system for varying turning angles y does not emend Pi k plete scanning of of view many ti per 4 ae ohh herby horses may xceeding the frame frequency motion pic os anco and mechanical strength of the prism i il niet invention of the form of a plane parallel refractive pee y be wand to moaiste Rie ae prism which is in one case 1 shown in FIG 1 Said spot on a cathode ray tube The movement of mid Figure 22 1 Patent documents from the early 1960s The company has sold more than 234 000 infrared cameras worldwide for applications such as predictive maintenance R amp D non destructive testing process control and au tomation and machine vision among many others Flir Systems has three manufacturing plants in the United States Portland OR Boston MA Santa Barbara CA and one in Sweden Stockholm Since 2007 there is also a manufacturing plant in Tallinn Estonia Direct sales offices in Belgium Brazil China France Germany Great Britain Hong Kong Italy Japan Korea Sweden and the USA together with a worldwide network of agents and distributors support our internation al cust
46. products have been under normal storage use and service and in ac cordance with Flir Systems instruction Products which are not manufactured by Flir Systems but included in systems delivered by Flir Systems to the original purchaser carry the warranty if any of the particular sup plier only Flir Systems has no responsibility whatsoever for such products The warranty extends only to the original purchaser and is not transferable It is not appli cable to any product which has been subjected to misuse neglect accident or abnormal conditions of operation Expendable parts are excluded from the warranty In the case of a defect in a product covered by this warranty the product must not be fur ther used in order to prevent additional damage The purchaser shall promptly report any defect to Flir Systems or this warranty will not apply Flir Systems will at its option repair or replace any such defective product free of charge if upon inspection it proves to be defective in material or workmanship and provided that it is returned to Flir Systems within the said one year period Flir Systems has no other obligation or liability for defects than those set forth above No other warranty is expressed or implied Flir Systems specifically disclaims the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose Flir Systems shall not be liable for any direct indirect special incidental or consequen tial loss or damag
47. r AB 8669 8669 en US 94 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 18 4 10 6 1 Connect tab Trending Settings Lr A LS TAS AXIS ie Time W Image sequence number Text Comment Cancel Y Axis To specify a parameter for the Y axis click Add and select a label and value for it in the left and right panes respectively Time To specify time as the X axis parameter select the Time option button Image sequence number To specify an incrementally stepped image sequence number as the X axis parameter select the mage sequence number option button Text Comment To specify text comments as the X axis parameter select the Text Com ment option button When using text comments as the X axis parameter all images must have the same text comment label The value of the text comment must be a numerical value 18 4 10 6 2 General tab Trending Settings General Ei Grid Lines al Legend Ed Show Only Visible Plot Lines in Legend E 3D View Cawan N AW Ae Ml Swap X amp Y Axes Trend range e all W Items Enter item numbers and or item ranges separated by commas Example 1 3 5 10 Ml Threshold er Grid Lines Click to display a grid of horizontal lines in the IR Trending object Legend Click to display a legend below the IR Trending object T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 95 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment Show Only Visible Plot Lines in Legend Click to displa
48. syntax Formula Label Fol Expression ana Sp2 temp ana Sp1 temp anfwa laia gmn Annn noo Soo LL foo one Degrees Precision Radians pera 9 Click OK to leave the Formula dialog box 10 Click Close 11 Place the cursor below the IR Viewer object and insert a Table object The Table Con tents dialog box will open 12 Do the following 1 Inthe left pane of the Table Items area double click Formula and select the for mula you have created Formulas are indicated by the Fo prefix 2 Inthe right pane of the Table Items area check the Values box A structural preview of the Table will be displayed in the Preview area 3 Click OK 13 The formula result is now displayed in your Table object 18 2 6 3 Creating a conditional formula For some applications you may for example want to display the result of a calculation in a green font color if the result is lower than a critical value and in a red font color if the re sult is higher than the critical value You do this by creating a conditional formula using the F statement Creating a conditional formula using the IF statement 1 Repeat Steps 1 10 in the procedure in section 18 2 6 2 Creating a simple formula page 57 2 Right click the IR Viewer object and select Formulas 3 Do the following 1 Click Add to display a dialog box in which you define your new formula 2 Click the F button to display a new dialog box 15596
49. tab at http support flir com It only takes a few minutes to register online In the download area you will also find the latest releases of manuals for our other products as well as manuals for our historical and obsolete products 2 4 Software updates Flir Systems regularly issues software updates and you can update the software using this update service Depending on your software this update service is located at one or both of the following locations e Start gt Flir Systems gt Software gt Check for updates e Help gt Check for updates 2 5 Important note about this manual Flir Systems issues generic manuals that cover several software variants within a soft ware suite This means that this manual may contain descriptions and explanations that do not apply to your software variant 2 6 Additional license information For each purchased software license the software may be installed activated and used on two devices e g one laptop computer for on site data acquisition and one desktop computer for analysis in the office 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 3 Customer help FLIR Customer Support Center Home Answers Ask a Question Product Registration Downloads My Stuff Service FLIR Customer support 2 most out of your FLIR products Get Support for Your FLIR Products Welcome to the FLIE Customer Support Center This portal will help you as a FLIR customer to get the most out of your FL
50. that of the tape usually 0 97 Measure the temperature of the tape using one of the following measurement functions oO Oo See 0 e Isotherm helps you to determine both the temperature and how evenly you have heated the sample e Spot simpler e Box Avg good for surfaces with varying emissivity 9 Write down the temperature 10 Move your measurement function to the sample surface 11 Change the emissivity setting until you read the same temperature as your previous measurement 12 Write down the emissivity Note Avoid forced convection Look for a thermally stable surrounding that will not generate spot reflections Use high quality tape that you know is not transparent and has a high emissivity you are certain of This method assumes that the temperature of your tape and the sample surface are the same If they are not your emissivity measurement will be wrong 24 3 Reflected apparent temperature This parameter is used to compensate for the radiation reflected in the object If the emissivity is low and the object temperature relatively far from that of the reflected it will be important to set and compensate for the reflected apparent temperature correctly 24 4 Distance The distance is the distance between the object and the front lens of the camera This parameter is used to compensate for the following two facts e That radiation from the target is absorbed by the atmosphere between the object and the ca
51. the source begins to be visible so that it appears to the eye no longer black This is the incipi ent red heat temperature of the radiator which then becomes orange or yellow as the temperature increases further In fact the definition of the so called co or temperature of an object is the temperature to which a blackbody would have to be heated to have the same appearance Now consider three expressions that describe the radiation emitted from a blackbody 26 3 1 Planck s law Figure 26 3 Max Planck 1858 1947 Max Planck 1858 1947 was able to describe the spectral distribution of the radiation from a blackbody by means of the following formula Irhe Wy Saa x 10 Watt m um where T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 127 Theory of thermography Wib Blackbody spectral radiant emittance at wavelength c Velocity of light 3 x 108 m s h Planck s constant 6 6 x 10 34 Joule sec k Boltzmann s constant 1 4 x 10 23 Joule K T Absolute temperature K of a blackbody Wavelength um Note The factor 10 6 is used since spectral emittance in the curves is expressed in Watt m2 um Planck s formula when plotted graphically for various temperatures produces a family of curves Following any particular Planck curve the spectral emittance is zero at A 0 then increases rapidly to a maximum at a wavelength Amax and after passing it ap proaches zero again at v
52. these will be shown hidden by this command 18 4 4 IR Profile object 18 4 4 1 General An IR Profile object contains a graph showing pixel values along a line in an infrared image E Lil Cursor Min 18 4 Was 21 5 18 4 4 2 IR Profile object shortcut menu The IR Profile object shortcut menu is displayed when right clicking an IR Profile object Grid Lines lv Legend Ea Show Only Visible Profile Lines in Legend 3D View Swap A amp Y Axes Settings T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 71 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment Grid Lines Click to display a grid of horizontal lines in the IR Profile object Legend Click to display a legend below the IR Profile object Show Only Visible Profile Lines in Legend If two or more lines are laid out in the infrared image clicking Show Only Visible Profile Lines in Legend will remove any cleared line re sults from the legend below the IR Profile object 3D View Click to create a three dimensional rendering of the graph of the IR Profile object Swap X amp Y Axes Click to swap the X and Y axes of the IR Profile object Settings Click to open the Profile Settings dialog box see section 18 4 10 4 Profile Set tings dialog box page 89 18 4 4 3 IR Profile toolbar The IR Profile object toolbar is displayed when an IR Profile object is selected Click Le to create a three dimensional rendering of the graph of the IR Profile object Click to t
53. to appear The object will be inserted after and below the cursor T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 52 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 2 On the Flir Tools tab click Summary Table the Summary Table dialog box will open Summary Table Columns Preview Objects Values Table Image E Emissivity Image Date Object Parameters W Object Distance Image Camera Type Page Number W Reflected Temperature Image Serial Number E Atmospheric Temperature Mele Ra yale E Atmospheric transmission E Relative Humidity Reference Temperature W External Optics Transmission E External Optics Temperature Set as default 3 For each item that you want to include in the Summary Table do the following 1 Inthe left pane of the Co umns area select an object 2 Inthe right pane of the Columns area select the value that you want to display in the Table object 4 A structural preview of the Summary Table will be displayed in the Preview area To edit the label of an item double click the item in the Preview area and enter a new label 5 Click OK 6 The Summary Table object with the contents you have selected will now appear on the page Note To edit the Summary Table contents right click the object on the page and select Contents This will open the Summary Table dialog box 18 2 2 Connecting objects This description assumes that you have one IR Profile object and at least one IR Viewer object on your template p
54. will automatically display the values of any line tools that are saved in the infrared image Inserting IR Profile objects 1 On your template page place the cursor where you want the IR Profile object to ap pear The object will be inserted after and below the cursor 2 On the Flir Tools tab click KES IR Profile Ap empty object will now appear on the page Note To edit the IR Profile settings right click the object on the page and select Settings This will open the Profile Settings dialog box see section 18 4 10 4 Profile Settings dialog box page 89 T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 48 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 18 2 1 3 IR Histogram objects When a report is created the IR Histogram object will illustrate how pixels in the area tools of the image are distributed by plotting the number of pixels at each temperature level Inserting IR Histogram objects 1 On your template page place the cursor where you want the IR Histogram object to appear The object will be inserted after and below the cursor 2 On the Flir Tools tab click lial IR Histogram page Note To edit the IR Histogram settings right click the object on the page and select Settings This will open the Histogram Settings dialog box see section 18 4 10 5 Histogram Settings dialog box page 92 An empty object will now appear on the 18 2 1 4 IR Trending objects The default behavior of the IR Trending object is that it automa
55. 0 96 1 Carbon graphite powder T 0 97 1 Carbon graphite filed 20 T 0 98 2 surface Carbon lampblack 20 400 T 0 95 0 97 1 Chipboard untreated 20 SW 0 90 6 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 139 28 Emissivity tables Table 28 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued 1 2 3 4 5 6 Chromium polished 50 T 0 10 1 Chromium polished 500 1000 T 0 28 0 38 1 Clay fired 70 T 0 91 1 Cloth black 20 T 0 98 1 Concrete 20 T 0 92 2 Concrete dry 36 SW 0 95 7 Concrete rough 17 SW 0 97 5 Concrete walkway 5 LLW 0 974 8 Copper commercial 20 T 0 07 1 burnished Copper electrolytic care 80 T 0 018 1 fully polished Copper electrolytic 34 T 0 006 4 polished Copper molten 1100 1300 0 13 0 15 1 Copper oxidized 50 0 6 0 7 1 Copper oxidized to T 0 88 1 blackness Copper oxidized black 27 T 0 78 4 Copper oxidized heavily 20 T 0 78 2 Copper polished 50 100 T 0 02 1 Copper polished 100 T 0 03 2 Copper polished 27 T 0 03 4 commercial Copper polished 22 T 0 015 4 mechanical Copper pure carefully 22 T 0 008 4 prepared surface Copper scraped 27 T 0 07 4 Copper dioxide powder T 0 84 1 Copper oxide red powder T 0 70 1 Ebonite T 0 89 1 Emery coarse 80 T 0 85 1 Enamel 20 T 0 9 1 Enamel lacquer 20 T 0 85
56. 00 r AB 8669 8669 en US 59 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 4 You will now set up a conditional formula that displays the result from the Fo1 formula in red if the value is higher than 2 0 degrees and in green if the value is lower than 2 0 degrees Do the following 1 Click to the right of the Logical test text box select Fo1 from the left drop down list and click OK 2 Inthe Logical test text box enter gt 2 0 This will be your condition 3 Click Lo d to the right of the Value if true text box select Fo1 from the left drop down list and click OK 4 Click Default Color to the right of the Value if true text box and select the color red 5 Click to the right of the Value if false text box select Fo1 from the left drop down list and click OK 6 Click Default Color to the right of the Value if false text box and select the color green Logical test ana Fol val gt 2 0 Value if true ana Fo1 val es Value if false ana Fo1 val A Returns one value if a condition you specify evaluates to TRUE and another value if it evaluates to FALSE ae a 7 Click OK to leave the dialog box 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 60 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 5 You will now see the complete conditional formula in the Formula dialog box The two 10 digit code strings after the equals sign represent the colors Formula Label Fo4 Expression if ana
57. 10 T 0 85 2 Wood 17 SW 0 98 5 Wood 19 LLW 0 962 8 Wood ground T 0 5 0 7 1 Wood pine 4 different 70 SW 0 67 0 75 9 samples Wood pine 4 different 70 LW 0 81 0 89 9 samples Wood planed 20 T 0 8 0 9 1 Wood planed oak 20 T 0 90 2 Wood planed oak 70 SW 0 77 9 Wood planed oak 70 LW 0 88 9 Wood plywood smooth 36 SW 0 82 7 dry Wood plywood 20 SW 0 83 6 untreated Wood white damp 20 T 0 7 0 8 1 Zinc oxidized at 400 C 400 T 0 11 1 Zinc oxidized surface 1000 1200 T 0 50 0 60 1 Zinc polished 200 300 T 0 04 0 05 1 Zinc sheet 50 T 0 20 1 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 147 A note on the technical production of this publication This publication was produced using XML the eXtensible Markup Language For more information about XML please visit http www w3 org XML A note on the typeface used in this publication This publication was typeset using Linotype Helvetica World Helvetica was designed by Max Miedinger 1910 1980 LOEF List Of Effective Files T501007 xml en US 8669 2013 08 15 T505473 xml 6421 2013 02 06 T505474 xml 5524 2012 09 18 T505013 xml en US 8097 2013 06 11 T505209 xml en US 8661 2013 08 14 T505201 xml en US 8560 2013 07 29 T505500 xml en US 6111 2012 12 06 T505015 xml 6077 2012 11 14 T505200 xml en US 6111 2012 12 06 T505199 xml en US 8659 2013 08 14 T505669 xml 8668 2013 08 15 T505480 xml en US 8659 2013 08 14 T505204 xml en
58. 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 110 21 Supported file formats 21 1 General Flir Tools Tools supports several radiometric and non radiometric file formats 21 2 Radiometric file formats Flir Tools Tools supports the following radiometric file formats Flir Systems radiometric jpg Flir Systems radiometric img Flir Systems radiometric fff Flir Systems radiometric seq video files 21 3 Non radiometric file formats Flir Tools Tools supports the following non radiometric file formats jpg mp4 video files avi video files pdf reports and imagesheets docx as reports 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 111 22 About Flir Systems Flir Systems was established in 1978 to pioneer the development of high performance infrared imaging systems and is the world leader in the design manufacture and mar keting of thermal imaging systems for a wide variety of commercial industrial and gov ernment applications Today Flir Systems embraces five major companies with outstanding achievements in infrared technology since 1958 the Swedish AGEMA In frared Systems formerly AGA Infrared Systems the three United States companies In digo Systems FSI and Inframetrics and the French company Cedip In November 2007 Extech Instruments was acquired by Flir Systems PATENT SPECIFICATION United States Patent Office p a 275 P May 31 1966 1 2 prism has in our invention an even num
59. 3 4 5 6 Aluminum as received plate 100 0 09 Aluminum as received 100 0 09 2 sheet Aluminum cast blast 70 SW 0 47 9 cleaned Aluminum cast blast 70 LW 0 46 9 cleaned Aluminum dipped in HNOs 100 T 0 05 4 plate Aluminum foil 27 10 um 0 04 3 Aluminum foil 27 3 um 0 09 3 Aluminum oxidized strongly 50 500 T 0 2 0 3 1 Aluminum polished 50 100 T 0 04 0 06 1 Aluminum polished plate 100 T 0 05 4 Aluminum polished sheet 100 T 0 05 2 Aluminum rough surface 20 50 T 0 06 0 07 1 Aluminum roughened 27 10 um 0 18 3 Aluminum roughened 27 3 um 0 28 3 Aluminum sheet 4 samples 70 SW 0 05 0 08 9 differently scratched Aluminum sheet 4 samples 70 LW 0 03 0 06 9 differently scratched Aluminum vacuum 20 T 0 04 2 deposited Aluminum weathered 17 SW 0 83 0 94 5 heavily Aluminum bronze 20 T 0 60 1 Aluminum powder T 0 28 1 hydroxide Aluminum oxide activated powder 0 46 1 Aluminum oxide pure powder 0 16 1 alumina Asbestos board 20 T 0 96 1 Asbestos fabric T 0 78 1 Asbestos floor tile 35 SW 0 94 7 Asbestos paper 40 400 0 93 0 95 1 Asbestos powder 0 40 0 60 1 Asbestos slate 20 0 96 1 Asphalt paving 4 LLW 0 967 8 Brass dull tarnished 20 350 T 0 22 1 Brass oxidized 100 T 0 61 2 Brass oxidized 70 SW 0 04 0 09 9 Brass oxidized 70 LW 0 03 0 07 9 Brass oxidized at 600 C 200 600 T 0 59 0 61 1 Brass polished 200 T 0 03 1 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 138 28 Emissivity tables Table 28 1
60. 4 10 7 Image Fu sion dialog box page 98 18 3 Document properties 18 3 1 General When creating an infrared report Flir Tools extracts the Microsoft Word document prop erties for the report template and inserts these properties into corresponding Microsoft Word fields in the final report You can use these document properties to automate several time consuming tasks when creating a report For example you may want Flir Tools to automatically add information such as the name address and e mail address of the inspection site the model name of the camera that you are using and your e mail address 18 3 2 Types of document properties There are two different types of document properties e Summary document properties e Custom document properties For the former you can only change the values but for the latter you can change both the labels and the values 18 3 3 Creating and editing Microsoft Word document properties Creating and editing document properties 1 Start Microsoft Word and open one of your infrared report templates dotx You can locate the report templates that are shipped with Flir Tools by typing the following path C Documents and Settings Your user name Application Data Microsoft Templates IR On the File tab click Info From the Properties download menu select Advanced Properties On the Summary tab enter your information in the appropriate text boxes Click the Custom tab oro U
61. 8 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 18 4 10 2 5 Preferences tab Image Settings Settings for new IR images E Pre defined measurement symbols and isotherms B Pre defined palette and color distribution E Pre defined object parameters Scale limits from image Auto adjust Pre defined scale limit Max Temperature Mlin Temperature Preferred output Temperature Object signal Pre defined measurement symbols and isotherms lf this box is selected all new images will use the analysis symbols and isotherms that you set up in the Image Settings dialog box instead of using the image s own settings from the camera Pre defined palette and color distribution f this box is selected all new images will use the palette and color distribution that you set up in the Image Settings dialog box instead of using the image s own settings from the camera Pre defined object parameters If this box is selected all new images will use the object parameters that you set up in the Image Settings dialog box instead of using the image s own settings from the camera Scale limits from image Select this option to use the new image s scale limits Auto adjust Select this option to auto adjust the image when importing it Max Temperature To predefine the scale limit for the new image enter the maximum temperature level here and click Apply Min Temperature To predefine the scale limit for the new image ente
62. D View Swap X amp Y Axes Refresh Settings Grid Lines Click to display a grid of horizontal lines in the IR Trending object Legend Click to display a legend below the IR Trending object Show Only Visible Plot Lines in Legend Click to display trend lines in the legend that you have cleared in the Trending Settings dialog box see section 18 4 10 6 Trending Set tings dialog box page 94 3D View Click to create a three dimensional rendering of the graph of the IR Trending object Swap X amp Y Axes Click to swap the X and Y axes of the IR Trending object Refresh Click to update the trending graph Settings Click to open the Trending Settings dialog box see section 18 4 10 6 Trending Settings dialog box page 94 18 4 6 3 IR Trending toolbar The IR Trending object toolbar is displayed when an IR Trending object is selected Click bre to create a three dimensional rendering of the graph of the IR Trending object Click to turn on off the grid lines in the graph of the IR Trending object 18 4 7 Field object 18 4 7 1 General A Field object can be linked to values or to text in your infrared image mage Max Temperature 70 0 Ha 18 4 7 2 Field object shortcut menu The Field object shortcut menu is displayed when right clicking a Field object Borders and Shading Spelling Contents Refresh Borders and Shading Click to open the standard Microsoft Word feature Spelling Click to open
63. Explanation Regional settings area To synchronize the camera s date and time settings with the com puter select the checkbox Firmware info area To check whether a newer version of the camera firmware exists click Check for updates and follow the on screen instructions Restore to factory default area To restore all camera settings to the factory defaults click Restore 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 106 20 Changing settings 20 7 3 The User interface tab 20 7 3 1 Figure User interface Temperature unit Thermal indication Digital readout onh Reference 20 7 3 2 Explanation Camera modes area To define which camera modes to enable in the camera select the camera mode For more information on each camera mode see section 20 7 4 Explana tion of the different camera modes page 108 Temperature unit area To select a different temperature unit click Ce sius or Fahrenheit Thermal indication area gt Digital readout only To display the thermal information in the image as the temperature of the spotmeter only select Digital readout only In modes with automatic heat colorization the colorization of the image will remain but the static heat color reference icon will not be displayed Thermal indication area gt Reference bar In modes with automatic heat indication color ization a vertical heat color reference bar is displayed in the thermal indication area This static icon shows how heat
64. FLIR User s manual Flir Tools Tools User s manual Flir Tools Tools swtERTe PONA ama AL AF So 9001 os T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US Table of contents 1 Legal GISClAlMe r sasin E E a ia 1 1 LegaldiseladiIMe esise a Reet entree ene wer 1 2 WISAGC SIAlISUGS irau e eaters a Saleh Stl 1 3 GMANGES TOTEIS ois k eer ee oe tes oes ens 1 4 Gie o dea Gee eee eee ne a ren eee en rt nce ere ee eee ee 1 5 QUAlITYASSULAMNCC een toretedve NEONA 2 Notice tO USEN sii aa a eaaa ea aaea 2 1 User to USer forums oaeaeei cece eececeeeeceeesaeeeeeaseeesaseeeas 2 2 WCNC aesa E tn baa E O E 2 3 Documentation updates cccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeesneesanees 2 4 Sotware updates sorer eee aaa ek ee 2 5 Important note about this Manual cceeeeeeee eee ees 2 6 Additional license information cccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaes 3 CUSTOINGr help e e aaa a cles e 3 1 General sesar tossa re eea a 3 2 S bmit ng A QUESTION s rnini n a n a aE 3 3 DOWNOAO Sessies as a a aA E E 4 What is Flir TOOIS TOOIS ccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeneeeneeeaeeneennes 4 1 OGUIG HOM secede tenses E E E ATT 4 2 Comparison between Flir Tools and Flir Tools 5 istallato M sdn aa a a a Eaa 5 1 System FEQUIFEMENTS cce eee ece eee cece eeeeeeeeeeesneesnees 5 1 1 Operating SYSteM cccecceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenees S2 AKOWANC eea a a cS nei oes ten a 5 2 Installation o
65. IF products The portal gives you access to The FLIF Knowledgebase Ask our support team requires registration Software and documentation requires registration FLIR Service contacts Find Answers We store all resolved problems in our solution database Search by product category keywords or phrases Search by Keyword See All Popular Answers 3 1 General For customer help visit http support flir com 3 2 Submitting a question To submit a question to the customer help team you must be a registered user It only takes a few minutes to register online If you only want to search the knowledgebase for existing questions and answers you do not need to be a registered user When you want to submit a question make sure that you have the following information to hand e The camera model e The camera serial number e The communication protocol or method between the camera and your device for ex ample HDMI Ethernet USB or FireWire e Device type PC Mac iPhone iPad Android device etc e Version of any programs from Flir Systems e Fullname publication number and revision number of the manual 3 3 Downloads On the customer help site you can also download the following e Firmware updates for your infrared camera e Program updates for your PC Mac software e Freeware and evaluation versions of PC Mac software e User documentation for current obsolete and historical products e Mechanical
66. Image format The image format for snapshots that are saved as image files from recordings Video format The video format for recordings Browse Click Browse to specify the location where video recordings shall be saved Disk space The available disk space for recordings 20 2 View tab Hide cold and hot spot v Show wizard when connecting a camera Hide cold and hot spot To hide any existing cold and hot spots in an image select this check box Show wizard when connecting a camera To display the import guide when connecting a camera select this checkbox 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 102 20 Changing settings 20 3 Library tab Add existing folder to library C Documents and Settings mbroberg My Documents FLIR E Folder D Add existing folder to library To add an existing folder on your computer to the image li brary click Browse and navigate to the folder Remove folder To remove a folder from the image library select the folder in the folder list and then click Remove folder 20 4 Report tab recording Report Default document settings When creating new reports always use these settings You can change these settings later in the report Page size Ad iai Show all parameters Extract digital camera photo from thermal image if available when generating auto report Built in templates path User templates path 7 Logo y Header Footer Page size To change t
67. MeterLink device is connected to the computer 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 26 12 Managing images and folders 12 1 Grouping files 12 1 1 General You can group files together e g one infrared image and one digital photo or one infra red image and a plot When two files are grouped a link is created and the images act as a pair through the reporting process 12 1 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Go to the Library tab 2 Inthe image window select two files 3 Right click the images and click Group 12 2 Saving a sequence file frame as a radiometric jpg file 12 2 1 General You can save a sequence file frame as a radiometric jpg image 12 2 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Go to the Library tab 2 Double click a sequence file file suffix seq 3 Go to the point of interest in the sequence file using the playback controls 4 Click the o toolbar button This will open a Save as dialog box where you can navi gate to the location where you want to save the file 12 3 Saving a sequence file frame as an avi file 12 3 1 General You can save a sequence file frame as an avi file Note Exporting a video clip as an avi file requires that FFDShow has been installed on the computer FFDShow can be downloaded from http www free codecs com 12 3 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Go to the Library tab 2 Double click a sequence file file suffix seq 3 Click th
68. N soera an nastgeiereeuesenas terse 9 importing IMAGES sirinin a aa E N 9 1 PrOCCOUTO Annaa te eee ocean near meee eee nee mee eee Saeras wiaiat 5 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US Table of contents 10 11 12 Screen elements and toolbar buttons 0 ccceeee sees ee eee eee ee nese eeeneenes 17 10 1 Window elements the Library tab ccccccceeseeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeanes 17 TOLA FOUE renia a a hacen tell cae beled S 17 tOT 2 Explanal ON stn s a a t 17 10 2 Window elements the Instruments tab ccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaees 17 1021 FOUG n a e E E A E 18 1022 I EXpianal ON neea aA tekaedteancies 18 10 3 Window elements the Create imagesheet tab cccecceeneeeeeees 19 NOs Se 0 FOU Cae hash chan boars Cie tates Stati ae erica nteeinsenaueseta ted 19 10 32 Explanations sirsie ana teamaacelagamach AS 19 10 4 Window elements the Report tab ccccccccse cence sees eeaeeeeneeeanes 20 10A I FOUG zera orca cotre cael ea a 20 10 42 EX DIAMAUOM serep E A OE E EE san 20 10 5 Window elements the image editing window for still mages jae E E T A S 21 1O SA FOUE e a oa a an a a a aa a ae 21 105 2 Explanalo N s E eeenesenetel eset due 21 10 6 Window elements the image editing window for video clips 22 ORG FIGU ceea tance Sacer cet cnr EA 22 106 2 EXPlaMatlO Mics sdinidive Yous ots ganeuGniinionce a A O AOS 22 10 7 Toolbar buttons on the Instruments tab ccccceceene esse e
69. R Profile object and select Settings from the shortcut menu 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 89 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 18 4 10 4 1 General tab Profile Settings Temperature axis Ed Grid Lines IR Scale Ra Legend Auto Ed Show Only Visible Profile Lines in Legend Fixed Ml 3D View Max temperature E Swap xX amp Y Axes C Mlin Temperature Columns Label i eee E Threshold Min hax Average E cursor Cursor Y Cancel Grid Lines To display a grid of horizontal lines in the IR Profile object click Grid Lines Legend To display a legend below the IR Profile object click Legend Show Only Visible Profile Lines in Legend If two or more lines are laid out in the infrared image clicking Show Only Visible Profile Lines in Legend will remove any cleared line re sults from the legend below the IR Profile object 3D View To create a three dimensional rendering of the graph of the IR Profile object click 3D View Swap X amp Y Axes To swap the X and Y axes of the IR Profile object click Swap X amp Y Axes Columns To add or remove columns in the IR Profile object select or clear these boxes IR Scale To use the infrared scale as the temperature axis select this option button and click Apply Auto To let Flir Tools automatically define the temperature axis select this option but ton and click Apply Fixed To manually define the maximum and minimum axis te
70. US 8661 2013 08 14 T505205 xml en US 8661 2013 08 14 T505259 xml en US 8659 2013 08 14 T505501 xml en US 6117 2012 12 06 T505261 xml en US 6111 2012 12 06 T505260 xml en US 8617 2013 07 31 T505487 xml 6029 2012 11 08 T505206 xml en US 8617 2013 07 31 T505208 xml en US 8668 2013 08 15 T505202 xml en US 8618 2013 07 31 T505007 xml en US 6351 2013 01 28 T505004 xml en US 5937 2012 10 29 T505000 xml en US 6040 2012 11 09 T505005 xml en US 5939 2012 10 29 T505001 xml en US 5940 2012 10 29 T505006 xml en US 5941 2012 10 29 T505002 xml en US 6915 2013 03 25 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 148 FLIR Corporate Headquarters Flir Systems Inc 27700 SW Parkway Ave Wilsonville OR 97070 USA Telephone 1 503 498 3547 Website http www flir com Customer support http support flir com Publ No 1559600 Release AB Commit 8669 Head 8669 Language en US Modified 2013 08 15 Formatted 2013 08 15
71. a report template in three different ways e Customize a basic report template e Modify an existing report template e Create a report template from a blank Microsoft Word template Customizing a basic report template 3 FUR 1 Onthe menu select Create a report template This will open the New Template dialog box New Template Enter template name here 2 Enter a template name and click OK 3 A report template with a basic layout opens Follow the instructions in the document to modify the report template You can also customize the report template by adding and removing objects and by modifying the properties of the objects as described in section 18 2 Managing objects in the report page 48 4 Save the new infrared report template Make sure that you save the template with the dotx file name extension Modifying an existing template 1 Start Microsoft Word but make sure that all infrared reports are closed 2 On the File tab click New 3 Under Available Templates select My templates 4 On the R tab select the infrared report template that you want to use Under Create New select Template Click OK To avoid overwriting the original template save the template under a different file name before making any changes When saving it make sure that you save it with the dotx file name extension 7 Make your changes to the original template by adding and removing objects and by modifying the proper
72. accuracy and reliability of all vital components that are assembled into your infrared camera 22 1 More than just an infrared camera At Flir Systems we recognize that our job is to go beyond just producing the best infrared camera systems We are committed to enabling all users of our infrared camera systems to work more productively by providing them with the most powerful camera software combination Especially tailored software for predictive maintenance R amp D and process monitoring is developed in house Most software is available in a wide variety of languages We support all our infrared cameras with a wide variety of accessories to adapt your equipment to the most demanding infrared applications 22 2 Sharing our knowledge Although our cameras are designed to be very user friendly there is a lot more to ther mography than just knowing how to handle a camera Therefore Flir Systems has founded the Infrared Training Center ITC a separate business unit that provides certi fied training courses Attending one of the ITC courses will give you a truly hands on learning experience The staff of the ITC are also there to provide you with any application support you may need in putting infrared theory into practice 22 3 Supporting our customers Flir Systems operates a worldwide service network to keep your camera running at all times If you discover a problem with your camera local service centers have all the equipment
73. age The objects you connect must be on the same page when you connect them If the docu ment is repaginated and one of the objects falls on a different page the connection will however still be maintained Connecting objects 1 Select the IR Profile object on the page Cth Connect 2 On the Flir Tools tab click The Select IR Image dialog box will open Select Rimage IR Viewers on page 3 Select the IR Viewer object that you want to connect the IR Profile object to 4 Click OK 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 53 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 18 2 3 Resizing objects Resizing intrared objects 1 Select an IR Viewer Digital Photo IR Profile IR Histogram or IR Trending object on your template page 2 To change the size of the object drag one of the handles Resizing Table and Summary Table objects 1 Select a Table or Summary Table object on your template page 2 On the Microsoft Word contextual tab Table Tools select the Layout tab and use the controls to change the size of the table 18 2 4 Deleting objects Deleting infrared objects 1 Select an IR Viewer Digital Photo IR Profile IR Histogram or IR Trending object on your template page 2 To delete the object click ls Delete Deleting Table and Summary Table objects 1 Select a Table or Summary Table object on your template page 2 Onthe Microsoft Word contextual tab Table Tools select the Layout tab Click t
74. an IR Profile ob ject to an IR Viewer object Click an infrared object and then click x Delete to remove the object from your report T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 65 Working in the Microsoft Word environment Click i Field to insert a Field object into your current document A Field object can be linked to values or text in your infrared image Click Table to insert a Table object into your current document A Table object dis plays the results of the measurement tools laid out in the infrared image as well as other information that is related to the infrared image Click summary Table to insert an Summary Table object A Summary Table object lists infrared data of your choice from all infrared images in the report one row per image Click Pelete Page to delete the current page Click eee to duplicate the current page and insert the duplicate page after the current page Click Report properties to display a dialog box where you can enter customer information and information about the inspection For more information about this see section 18 3 4 Changing the prefix for a report property page 64 3 FUR Click to display the Flir submenu see section 18 4 1 1 Flir submenu page 66 3 FLUR The Flir submenu is displayed when you click on the Flir Tools tab 18 4 1 1 Flir submenu Create a report template ne Set units OPH ae Selected language About
75. ance in the program and the reports To change the unit select another unit Available options are Meters Feet 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 104 20 Changing settings 20 6 Language tab Library Language English United States English United States _ eStina Czech _ dansk Danish A Deutsch German _ Ehina Greek Espa ol Espa a alfabetizaci n internacional Spanish Spain Suomi Finnish _ francais French Magyar _ italiano Italiar A EARS Japanese A 20 Korean _ norsk bokm l Norge Norwegian _ Nederlands Dutch _ portugues Portugal Portuguese Portugal _ PONH Russian Language To change the language select a new language in the list 20 7 Settings relating to Flir K series cameras 20 7 1 General The Flir K series is a robust and reliable infrared camera series designed to perform under extremely severe conditions It has an intuitive interface with a design that makes it easy to control even with a gloved hand The crisp and clear image helps you to navi gate through smoke and to make quick and accurate decisions By connecting a Flir K series camera to Flir Tools Tools you get access to a variety of settings in the camera 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 105 20 Changing settings 20 7 2 The General settings tab 20 7 2 1 Figure General settings Regional settings compute Firmware info 20 7 2 2
76. and threshold in the IR Histogram object A band threshold shows the percentage of pixels below a lower temperature between this lower temperature and a higher temperature and above that higher temperature The percentages are dis played in the threshold legend below the IR Histogram object Click ui to use a Step threshold in the IR Histogram object A step threshold shows the percentage of pixels below and above a specific temperature The percentages are displayed in the IR Histogram object legend below the IR Histogram object If you have created several lines and or areas in the IR Viewer object select the line or area display from the drop down list 18 4 6 IR Trending object 18 4 6 1 General An IR Trending object is a graphical representation of measurement values or text com ment values on the Y axis against infrared report pages or infrared images on the X axis sorted by time page number or text comment values An IR Trending object can also display probable trends according to different algorithms Ss SS F cp ne gt od Pe G S gt S PoP PS GS hp r SPS SEES FESS PP PP ae PP PP a a a ad E Image Max 18 4 6 2 IR Trending object shortcut menu The IR Trending object shortcut menu is displayed when right clicking an IR Trending object 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 73 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment v Grid Lines lv Legend 7 Show Only Visible Plot Lines in Legend 3
77. argets i e enemy soldiers had to be illuminated by infrared search beams Since this involved the risk of giving away the observer s position to a similarly equipped enemy observer it is understandable that military interest in the image converter eventually faded The tactical military disadvantages of so called active i e search beam equipped ther mal imaging systems provided impetus following the 1939 45 war for extensive secret military infrared research programs into the possibilities of developing passive no search beam systems around the extremely sensitive photon detector During this peri od military secrecy regulations completely prevented disclosure of the status of infrared imaging technology This secrecy only began to be lifted in the middle of the 1950 s and from that time adequate thermal imaging devices finally began to be available to civilian science and industry 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 125 26 Theory of thermography 26 1 Introduction The subjects of infrared radiation and the related technique of thermography are still new to many who will use an infrared camera In this section the theory behind thermography will be given 26 2 The electromagnetic spectrum The electromagnetic spectrum is divided arbitrarily into a number of wavelength regions called bands distinguished by the methods used to produce and detect the radiation There is no fundamental difference between radiatio
78. aying method where you can distribute the colors either according to the tem perature or according to the object signal 18 4 10 2 2 Isotherms tab On the sotherms tab you manage settings for isotherms and alarms that you have in serted with the tool see section 18 4 2 3 R Viewer toolbar page 69 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 79 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment Image Settings Isatherms Isotherms Color Delete i Solid Contrast Palette 5 5 Is 2 a z Isotherm Below Max Temperature 19 2 al Min Temperature Isotherms Select an isotherm from the list Delete Click to delete the active isotherm Solid Select this option to assign a solid color to the active isotherm Select the color from the drop down list Contrast Select this option to assign a contrasting color to the active isotherm Select the color from the drop down list Palette Select this option and click Open to open a palette and use this palette for the active isotherm Max Temperature Click to set the maximum temperature of the active isotherm enter a new value here and click Apply lsotherms may exist outside the temperature range of the current image which will make the isotherm invisible By changing the maximum temperature invisible isotherms can be brought back into range Min Temperature Click to set the minimum temperature of the active isotherm enter a new value here and click Apply l
79. b ccceccceceene cease eeaeeeeeaeenaes 106 20 7 3 The User interface tab 2 seisee vad telerik hades 107 20 7 4 Explanation of the different camera modes 008 108 Supported TIE formats sists citcoiedstacus suai a ewacwdes irene Deve 111 Olel GENT A a A reais aggre ci giana resin erases otis 111 21 2 Radiometric file formats cccccccecececeeseeeeeeeseeeeeneeeneesgneneas 111 21 3 Non radiometric file formats ccccccceeeeeseeeeeeeeeneeeneesneneas 111 ADOUT Flir SYSTEMS i cccsissirescsest cei sees ed eews ee S let a anaiena aea aa 112 22 1 More than just an infrared camera cc cece cece eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeees 113 22 2 Sharing our knowledge ccccecceeceeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeneeenees 113 22 3 Supporting our CUSTOMETS cccece cece ence eae eeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeneeeaees 113 22 4 A few images from our facilities cccc cece cece eens eeeeeeeeeeeaneeees 114 GIOSS ONY soo sie seta foreach a hare ea ete ets see eases 115 Thermographic measurement techniques cceceeeeeeeneeeeneeeeeenees 118 24 1 AWAOQUCHON wrarcorcsin triton idan tetcemnadriecenacgrtscreattlecceahinh Ggemabiteanir 118 24 2 EMISSIYA T aed nena lately 118 24 2 1 Finding the emissivity of AaSample ccccceeeeeeeee eee 118 24 3 Reflected apparent temperature ccc cece cece ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeaees 121 24A DISTANCE weird Steet i yeaah ia E AE U E nad eects E 121 245
80. ber of sides and SCANNING MECHANISM FOR ELECTRO is rotated about an axis 2 as indicated by the arrow in FIG 4 that is perpendicular to the paper in FIG 1 Per Johan Stockholm and Hans Gunnar Malm The said collecting optics has an optical axis 4 that in berg Solna amignors to AGA Aktiebolaget a 5 tersects said rotating axis 2 and is perpendicular thereto ee ied May 14 1962 Ser No 1 json aimans las ould pum Sur eaii oe Clots poterty application Sweden May 19 1961 circle gt gunecatod by said rotating priam nd on the 2 Claims Cl 88 1 a osanning aperture amp located Ghesagh which a radiation passes to the radiation energy respon This invention relates to an improved optical scanning sv element 12 sch a a photocell bolometer or the fe mechanism receiving electromagnetic radiation depending upon energy spectrum of interest pho TE line mid arn y 4 I is an object of the invention to provide improved op 15 prism pases the samning aperture there brs mantan tical scanning means of the character indicated tially instantancows return of the scan It is another object of the invention to provide im In FIGS 1 and 4 there is shown an incoming ray of We AGA Axrieso ac formerly Svenska the ari proved means for continuously and automatically scan radiation ba maximum deviation from the di sich Geneon a Log en tra wih nae fc Teele ort 4 x ine Has Sede boys Sie pien on pas sad a mikid 5 san bg esther hjoct of
81. colors are applied to the range of the camera mode The col ors yellow orange and red correspond to a temperature dependent change in hue as the temperature increases Thermal indication area gt Temp bar To display the thermal information in the image as a temperature bar similar to a thermometer click Temp bar This displays a dynamic verti cal temperature bar on the right side of the image The top of the dynamic bar represents the temperature of the measured spot In modes with automatic heat colorization the colorization of the image will remain with a static heat color reference icon displayed next to the temp bar Custom boot image area To specify your own unique image to appear during start up click Browse and navigate to the image file This is useful for for example identifying your fire department cameras By incorporating your fire department s logo and a unique identity number in the image you can keep track of your cameras This image can also be accessed from the camera menu 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 107 20 Changing settings 20 7 4 Explanation of the different camera modes 20 7 4 1 NFPA firefighting mode Figure 20 1 NFPA firefighting mode The NFPA standardized firefighting mode is the default mode of the camera It is a multi purpose mode for the initial fire attack with life rescuing operation and control of the fire The camera automatically switches between the high sensitivity range
82. d should be used in the IR Histogram object Step To use a Step threshold in the IR Histogram object select this option button A step threshold shows the percentage of pixels below and above a specific temperature The percentages are displayed in the IR Histogram object legend below the IR Histogram object T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 92 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment Band To use a band threshold in the IR Histogram object select this option button A band threshold shows the percentage of pixels below a lower temperature between this lower temperature and a higher temperature and above that higher temperature The percentages are displayed in the threshold legend below the IR Histogram object IR Scale To use the infrared scale as the temperature axis select this option button and click Apply Auto To let Flir Tools automatically define the temperature axis select this option but ton and click Apply Fixed To manually define the maximum and minimum axis temperature select this op tion button enter new values in the Max Temperature and Min Temperature boxes and click Apply Percentage axis gt Auto To let Flir Tools automatically define the percentage axis select this option button and click Apply Percentage axis gt Fixed To manually define the percentage axis select this option but ton enter a new value and click Apply 18 4 10 5 2 Color tab Histogram Settings Abt bette
83. d to any electronic medium or machine readable form without pri or consent in writing from FLIR Systems Names and marks appearing on the products herein are either registered trademarks or trademarks of FLIR Systems and or its subsidiaries All other trademarks trade names or company names referenced herein are used for identification only and are the prop erty of their respective owners T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 1 Legal disclaimer 1 5 Quality assurance The Quality Management System under which these products are developed and manu factured has been certified in accordance with the ISO 9001 standard FLIR Systems is committed to a policy of continuous development therefore we reserve the right to make changes and improvements on any of the products without prior notice 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US Notice to user 2 1 User to user forums Exchange ideas problems and infrared solutions with fellow thermographers around the world in our user to user forums To go to the forums visit http www infraredtraining com community boards 2 2 Training To read about infrared training visit e http www infraredtraining com e http www irtraining com e http www irtraining eu 2 3 Documentation updates Our manuals are updated several times per year and we also issue product critical notifi cations of changes on a regular basis To access the latest manuals and notifications go to the Download
84. dialog box will now be displayed na ie ee Report properties Import sve f Rest E Do not show this dialog during report creation 5 Inthe dialog box enter customer information and information about the inspection in the right column Use the TAB key to go between fields 6 Click OK The information you entered in this dialog box will now populate the corre sponding placeholders in the report Note This workflow assumes that the report properties are prefixed with an underscore _ as they are for the standard report templates However if you have created your own custom templates you may have created report properties with a different prefix e g using a percentage sign a dollar sign a hash sign or the whole or part of your company name e g ACME To have these properties show up when you have gener ated the report you need to update the property FL R_ReportPropertyPrefix in Microsoft Word For more information about this see section 18 3 4 Changing the prefix for a report property page 64 For in depth information about how to work with reports in Microsoft Word see section 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment page 46 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 45 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 18 1 Creating a report template 18 1 1 General Flir Tools ships with several different report templates Microsoft Word dotx files If these templates do not meet your nee
85. ds you can create your own custom infrared report templates 18 1 1 1 Few or many report templates It is not uncommon that you will use one specific template for one specific customer If this is the case you may want to include your customer s company specific information in the template rather than entering it manually after the infrared report has been generated However if several of your customers request an infrared report that could be met using one template or just a few company specific information should probably not be in cluded in the template since that kind of information may easily be entered after the re port has been generated 18 1 1 2 Typical structure A custom infrared report template usually consists of the following types of pages e A front cover e Anumber of different pages containing combinations of IR Viewer objects Digital Photo objects IR Histogram objects IR Profile objects Table objects Summary Table objects etc e A back cover You create the front and back covers of the report template using existing features in Mi crosoft Word The front and back covers of an infrared report template typically include the following information e Your and your customer s company names e Other contact information e The current date e The title of the infrared report e Your and your customer s company logos e Any additional artwork or information that you may want to include 18 1
86. e feb System POSM EE a _ _ Figure 7 5 License viewer showing available software modules example image only 7 4 3 Procedure Note Your computer needs to have Internet access during this procedure Follow this procedure 1 ly oS ee Download and install the software module Software modules are typically delivered as printed scratchcards with a download link Start Flir Tools Tools On the Help menu select Show license information This will display the license view er shown above Select the module that you have purchased Click Activation Key On the scratchcard scratch the field to see the activation key Enter the key into the Activation Key text box Click OK The software module has now been activated 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 14 Workflow 8 1 General When you carry out an infrared inspection you follow a typical workflow This section gives an example of an infrared inspection workflow 8 2 Figure D Fo T TA in Y LE i 8 3 Explanation Use your camera to take your infrared images and or digital photos Connect your camera to a PC using a USB connector Import the images from the camera into Flir Tools Tools Do one of the following a a T e Create a PDF report in Flir Tools e Create a Microsoft Word report in Flir Tools 5 Send the report to your client as an attachment to an e mail 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 15
87. e whether based on contract tort or any other legal theory This warranty shall be governed by Swedish law Any dispute controversy or claim arising out of or in connection with this warranty shall be finally settled by arbitration in accordance with the Rules of the Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce The place of arbitration shall be Stockholm The language to be used in the arbitral proceedings shall be English 1 2 Usage statistics Flir Systems reserves the right to gather anonymous usage statistics to help maintain and improve the quality of our software and services 1 3 Changes to registry The registry entry HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE SYSTEM CurrentControlSet Control Lsa LmCompatibilityLevel will be automatically changed to level 2 if the Flir Camera Monitor service detects a Flir camera connected to the computer with a USB cable The modifi cation will only be executed if the camera device implements a remote network service that supports network logons 1 4 Copyright 2013 FLIR Systems Inc All rights reserved worldwide No parts of the software in cluding source code may be reproduced transmitted transcribed or translated into any language or computer language in any form or by any means electronic magnetic opti cal manual or otherwise without the prior written permission of FLIR Systems The documentation must not in whole or part be copied photocopied reproduced translated or transmitte
88. e Ei toolbar button This will open a Save as dialog box where you can nav igate to the location where you want to save the file 12 4 Deleting images 12 4 1 General You can delete one image or a group of images 12 4 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Go to the Library tab 2 Inthe image window select the image or images that you want to delete T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 27 12 Managing images and folders 3 Do one of the following e Press the DELETE key and confirm that you want to delete the image or images e Right click the image or images select Delete and confirm that you want to delete the image or images Note e When you delete an image or a group of images you can restore them from the computer s Recycle Bin e You can also remove images by deleting the path under Options gt Library Removing the path does not delete the images 12 5 Adding a directory 12 5 1 General You can add a directory to the library 12 5 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Goto the Library tab 2 Atthe top of the left pane click Add to library This will open a Browse for folder dia log box where you can navigate to the directory that you want to add Note Only subdirectories can be deleted Root directories can only be removed by deleting the path under Options gt Library Removing the path does not delete the images 12 6 Deleting a directory 12 6 1 General You can delete a directory
89. e color of the table background select a new color from the drop down list box and click Apply Plot Area To change the color of the plot area select a new color from the drop down list box and click Apply Text To change the color of the table text select a new color from the drop down list box and click Apply Axes To change the color of the axes select a new color from the drop down list box and click Apply Grid To change the color of the grid lines select a new color from the drop down list box and click Apply 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 97 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 18 4 10 6 5 Line tab Trending Settings Label Linel Cursor ol i Trend LinetL Use the check boxes to select which lines that you want to display in the IR Trending ob ject and click Apply Color To change the color of a line select a new color from the drop down list box and click Apply Line Type To change the line type of a line select a new line type from the drop down list box and click Apply 18 4 10 7 Image Fusion dialog box In the mage Fusion dialog box you can fuse an infrared image with a digital photo Fus ing images can make it easier to identify the exact position of temperature anomalies Lad The Image Fusion dialog box is displayed when you click in the IR Viewer object toolbar You can also display the dialog box by right clicking the IR Viewer object and se lecting Image F
90. e on 35 135722 CPlOCCOUl C cern n ss heen Leseueaed 35 13 65 Changing the palette 3520r 23inteh ie Hale tee ee 35 WSS GONE AEE EETA F ETETE E TEE TTE 35 138 2a LOGCOUI Gean a a aa T 35 13 9 Changing the image MOdE cccecceece cece eee eeeeeseeeneesneeaneaes 35 SOT General aisar eet ee ler ete ete he me ee eee eee 35 13 9 2 Types of IMAGE MOCES ccc eee iiaei N 36 13 10 Exporting temperature values as comma separated values 37 1S FOS GENS AN mea A O tutes a cube ai east 37 US 102 Procedi E aana oe accel ch cee ac cca allt aaa Saale 37 Working with annotations saecsse tees eee sence eendeeeeees ete ceeds 38 14 1 About image descriptions cece cecee cece cece eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesseeeanes 38 14 1 1 What is an image description cccc cece cece eee eee eeeeees 38 14 2 About text annotations seit torasicron ia Puneole a eentne atrmatwia a ohn ations mates 38 14 2 1 What is a text annotation cece cece cece cece eeeeeeeeee eae 38 14 2 2 Definition of label and value cece eee eee cease eens eeaees 38 14 2 3 Example markup Structure cccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeanes 39 14 2 4 Creating a text annotation for an image ceseeeeeeeeees 39 14 2 5 Creating a text annotation template cccceeeeeeeeeeees 39 Creating panoramas os saciscccvevetsccentswvinshscde teed tneaeweentvcisaeeesseteeceiiaews 41 tok Genea meena a ts et mee Pe
91. e text comment and then click Delete Image Description An image description is a brief textual description that is stored inside an image file It can be created using a Pocket PC and then beamed to the camera using the IrDA communication link If the image has an image description the text will be dis played in this edit box If not you can add an image description for the image by entering text The maximum number of characters in an image description is 512 Click to listen to a voice comment Click ow to pause the current playback Click it to stop the current playback Sketch Click to display a dialog box where you can view a freehand sketch that is asso ciated with an image Not all cameras support the creation of freehand sketches 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 83 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 18 4 10 2 4 Object Parameters tab Image Settings Object Parameters Object Parameters Emissivity 1 00 UU Reflected temperature UU Atmospheric temperature Relative humidity 0 00 Distance to object ne Emissivity To change the emissivity enter a new value and click Apply You can also se lect a preset emissivity from a table by clicking ej Reflected temperature To change the reflected apparent temperature enter a new value and click Apply Atmospheric Temperature To change the atmospheric temperature enter a new value and click Apply Relative humidity To change t
92. ed jpg files from a live image X X Record a video sequence seq X Replay a recorded sequence X Export a recorded sequence to avi X Create a temporal plot X live image only X live image or re corded sequence Export plot data to Excel Export an image to csv format X Create a panorama image X Create a PDF report X X T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US What is Flir Tools Tools Listen to voice comments on infrared images Feature function Flir Tools Flir Tools Create a Microsoft Word report Create text annotation templates for the camera X Add edit text annotations and image descriptions X X 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US Installation 5 1 System requirements 5 1 1 Operating system Flir Tools Tools supports USB 2 0 communication for the following PC operating systems e Microsoft Windows XP 32 bit SP3 Microsoft Windows Vista 32 bit SP1 Microsoft Windows 7 32 bit Microsoft Windows 7 64 bit Microsoft Windows 8 32 bit e Microsoft Windows 8 64 bit 5 1 2 Hardware Microsoft Windows XP e Personal computer with an Intel 800 MHz Pentium processor or an AMD Opteron AMD Athlon 64 or AMD Athlon XP processor 1 GB of RAM 20 GB of available hard disk space CD ROM or DVD ROM drive SVGA 1024 x 768 monitor or higher resolution Internet access required for web updates e Keyboard and mouse or a compatible pointing de
93. ed image Cold Spot Applicable for all tools except the spotmeter difference calculation and marker Click to create a spotmeter at the coldest location in the area Hot Spot Applicable for all tools except the spotmeter delta and marker Click to create a spotmeter at the hottest location in the area Formulas Click to open the Formula dialog box see section 18 4 10 8 Formula dialog box page 99 Settings Click to open the Measurement Settings dialog box see section 18 4 10 3 Measurement Settings dialog box page 87 Image This menu is identical to the IR Viewer shortcut menu see section 18 4 2 2 IR Viewer shortcut menu page 68 18 4 3 Digital Photo object 18 4 3 1 General The Digital Photo object is a placeholder for photos This photo may be taken with a stand alone digital camera or with the digital visual camera featured on some Flir Sys tems infrared cameras T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 70 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 18 4 3 2 Digital Photo object shortcut menu The Digital Photo object shortcut menu is displayed when right clicking a Digital Photo object Open Show Sketch Open Click to open an image in the Digital Photo object placeholder or to change the current image to a new image Show Sketch Click to show hide a freehand sketch associated with the image Not all cameras support the creation of freehand sketches For old images if there are any markers
94. ed image select the value type and click Apply The number of possible value types differs between different measurement tools Font size To specify the font size of the label select a font size in the Font size box and click Apply Include value description To display the value description in the infrared image check the Include value description box and click Apply Measurement symbol To specify the color of the symbol for the measurement tool se lect a color in the Measurement symbol box and click Apply Text To specify the color of the label text select a color in the Text box and click Apply Text background To specify the color of the background select a color in the Text back ground box and click Apply Set as default To use these settings as default settings for all measurement tools check the Set as default box and click Apply 18 4 10 3 2 Object Parameters tab Measurement Settings Object Parameters Object Parameters Ei custom Emissivity Distance to object Reflected temperature Ml Set as default ina Appl Custom To specify custom parameters select Custom enter new values in the three text boxes and click Apply Emissivity To change the emissivity enter a new value and click Emissivity You can also select a preset emissivity from a table by clicking e Distance to object To change the distance enter a new value and click Apply Reflected apparent temperature To change the reflected appare
95. eeeenneees 22 TOAT FOUE ne a saute tanta A A ates 22 10 72 EXDlAMAUOMsiacisecascetaaunecesraatantiatianl a TES 22 10 8 Toolbar buttons in the image editing window cceseeeeeeeeeees 23 TO SII FIJUG ossee ea a E E 23 10 8 2 SEXDlAMAUO Mites eenaa aE aD a T ANa OAN TES 23 10 9 Toolbar buttons in the report editing window cceseeeeeeeeeees 23 MOSS ROUTO ereere E E ta Aeneas hee oue Lee eul ead 23 109 2 Explanada Ouen e tate wet etoa vee fal nebieia vent N 23 10 10 TRE PanOraMma tab ici ieccccccetecssiwacdveeseeabedceseeaeielessuneissaseeneiadavenss 24 TOO RIJU 2 Perper ter nae O err ecm ere ee eree 24 1O10 Z EX Dla MalON Mccva tests cove icine elie ae al he Siad a 24 Live image streaming Of camera IMAGES cceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeneeeeneenenes 25 Met Genelach haa iata saline adi hae E eiae eta hoes 25 We IIQUIC teen teases ante ncGe teres aiate ten wagerlen sea E RRA 25 Wa cd 0 G1 610 8 peegeee merger eee rer erat reer eerie ernest re emer we see eee eine ee ee ee eee 25 Managing images and folders cccceeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeneeeeeeesaeeeaeeeenaaeenes 27 121 GOUPO WES ssececacssenot cence teagec S 27 12 i SGONGlal eet n a a r E E 27 M22 PROCCOULC rerai erie Plc a aE E SERR 27 12 2 Saving a sequence file frame as a radiometric jpg file 27 12 251 GENSA e a at te elena 27 1227 Procedures esena a mieten a a e O r lcated 27 12 3 Saving a sequence file frame as an aVi fil
96. en be displayed in a Table object Click to create areas on infrared images The measurement result can then be dis played in a Table object Click Q to create ellipsoidal areas on infrared images The measurement result can then be displayed in a Table object Click G to create polygon areas on infrared images The measurement result can then be displayed in a Table object ra Click to create a line on infrared images The measurement result can then be dis played in an IR Profile object gt Click to create a bent line on infrared images The measurement result can then be displayed in an IR Profile object Click to calculate the difference between two temperatures for example two spot meters or a spotmeter and the maximum temperature in the image The result from the calculation will be displayed both as a ToolTip and as a result in the result table Using this toolbar button requires that you have laid out at least one measurement function on your image T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 69 Working in the Microsoft Word environment Click Ei to create a marker that you can move anywhere in an image and point to an area of interest Click a to display a menu where you can do one of the following e Insert an isotherm above a temperature level This assigns a color to all temperatures above a certain temperature level in an image with one preset color e Insert an isotherm below a temperature level This assi
97. eometrical resolution of an IR camera T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 115 Glossary image correc tion internal or external infrared IR isotherm isothermal cavity Laser LocatIR laser pointer level manual adjust NETD noise object parameters object signal palette pixel radiance radiant power radiation radiator range reference temperature reflection relative humidity saturation color A way of compensating for sensitivity differences in various parts of live images and also of stabilizing the camera Non visible radiation having a wavelength from about 2 13 um infrared A function highlighting those parts of an image that fall above below or between one or more temperature intervals A bottle shaped radiator with a uniform temperature viewed through the bottleneck An electrically powered light source on the camera that emits laser radiation in a thin concentrated beam to point at certain parts of the object in front of the camera An electrically powered light source on the camera that emits laser radiation in a thin concentrated beam to point at certain parts of the object in front of the camera The center value of the temperature scale usually expressed as a signal value A way to adjust the image by manually changing certain parameters Noise equivalent temperature difference A measure of the image noise level of an IR camera Undesired small
98. er ing that the video amplifier might limit the output to 5 volts Note though that the applica tion of the calibration curve is a theoretical procedure where no electronic or other limitations exist We trust that if there had been no signal limitations in the camera and if ithad been calibrated far beyond 5 volts the resulting curve would have been very much the same as our real curve extrapolated beyond 4 1 volts provided the calibration algo rithm is based on radiation physics like the Flir Systems algorithm Of course there must be a limit to such extrapolations 1 0 C 32 F 20 C 68 F 50 C 122 F At Atm d Figure 27 2 Relative magnitudes of radiation sources under varying measurement conditions SW cam era 1 Object temperature 2 Emittance Obj Object radiation Refl Reflected radiation Atm atmos phere radiation Fixed parameters T 0 88 Tren 20 C 68 F Tatm 20 C 68 F 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 135 27 The measurement formula 1 0 C 32 F 20 C 68 F 50 C 122 F dD DD DJD Figure 27 3 Relative magnitudes of radiation sources under varying measurement conditions LW cam era 1 Object temperature 2 Emittance Obj Object radiation Refl Reflected radiation Atm atmos phere radiation Fixed parameters T 0 88 Tres 20 C 68 F Tatm 20 C 68 F 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 136 28 Emissivity tables This section
99. ery long wavelengths The higher the temperature the shorter the wavelength at which maximum occurs Figure 26 4 Blackbody spectral radiant emittance according to Planck s law plotted for various absolute temperatures 1 Spectral radiant emittance W cm x 103 um 2 Wavelength um 26 3 2 Wien s displacement law By differentiating Planck s formula with respect to A and finding the maximum we have _ 2898 max T l This is Wien s formula after Wilhelm Wien 1864 1928 which expresses mathemati cally the common observation that colors vary from red to orange or yellow as the tem perature of a thermal radiator increases The wavelength of the color is the same as the wavelength calculated for Amax A good approximation of the value of Amax for a given blackbody temperature is obtained by applying the rule of thumb 3 000 T um Thus a very hot star such as Sirius 11 000 K emitting bluish white light radiates with the peak of spectral radiant emittance occurring within the invisible ultraviolet spectrum at wave length 0 27 um T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 128 26 Theory of thermography Figure 26 5 Wilhelm Wien 1864 1928 The sun approx 6 000 K emits yellow light peaking at about 0 5 um in the middle of the visible light spectrum At room temperature 300 K the peak of radiant emittance lies at 9 7 um in the far infra red while at the temperature of liquid nitrogen 77 K the maximum of
100. es etc Accepting the description above we can use the figure below to derive a formula for the calculation of the object temperature from the calibrated camera output 1 T Wefl T t Watm el Eem Trefi Erefl 1 1 Figure 27 1 A schematic representation of the general thermographic measurement situation 1 Sur roundings 2 Object 3 Atmosphere 4 Camera Assume that the received radiation power W from a blackbody source of temperature Tsource ON Short distance generates a camera output signal Usource that is proportional to the power input power linear camera We can then write Equation 1 U a OF UE a source or with simplified notation U CW Source source where C is a constant Should the source be a graybody with emittance the received radiation would conse quently be Wsource We are now ready to write the three collected radiation power terms 1 Emission from the object tWopj where is the emittance of the object and T is the transmittance of the atmosphere The object temperature is Top 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 133 27 The measurement formula 2 Reflected emission from ambient sources 1 tTWrerl where 1 is the reflec tance of the object The ambient sources have the temperature Tref It has here been assumed that the temperature Tret is the same for all emitting surfa ces within the halfsphere seen from a point on the object su
101. f Flir TOOIS TOOIS ccccceeee eee eeeeeeeeeees 5 2 1 Windows XP installation ccceeeeeeeeeeeeeees 5 2 2 Windows Vista Windows 7 and Windows 8 SUA ATOM wits Sats pee es handee eee aad Sains ee te eee 6 Enabling Flir TOOLS iccisticbccldicesniecisewecbeivcke welch eeu bs esGewpresece 7 Managing INCENSE Sisia 7 1 Registering your product cccc eee cess eeeee sees teens eeaeens TAD Genel al 2c hon eh hulte telte gece ted ete ie cheese ciaed Thee FOUE nanan leet ots Michels ts Ail a s hits net ote AOSD eae ca alah Paleo PROCCOUIC eiua e002 ae 6 nae eee aa 7 2 Activating your IICENSCS schaiSercdercrmncdenstnacscerestiaiaadiete nied Tia Genera carter ri casa trea ato ete dee evens P22 5A L Neato ct EE e eters ace E E E E 7 2 3 Activating Flir Tools Tools online ceseeeeeees 7 2 4 Activating Flir Tools Tools by e mail 0000 7 3 Transferring your lICENSE cccccceseeeceeeeteeeeeeeseeeeanenaes Poel Generalerna naaa yaahed a a a Tide FPU oise e N eet tates Foa Procedure anoe O 7 4 Activating additional software modules eeeeeeee ees TAL Genearen a a A2 gl 6 Oh gr eer eee cere ere ee heer Serer TA PVOCCOUIG sehr Gicsee ciation tue ee oot aati 8 WIORKMOW ctelsecec accrue tees tan sei sudeceus aa aaa aa 8 1 2 a 2 eee emer ere eee err eter ae ee nee een ee Re 8 2 FOUTE eek ihe aati cts ician itt dee actu Men neuen Med acetate ae we oui 8 3 EXOlANAUO
102. f the infrared wavelengths Different investigators in attempting to confirm his work used various types of glass in discriminately having different transparencies in the infrared Through his later experi ments Herschel was aware of the limited transparency of glass to the newly discovered thermal radiation and he was forced to conclude that optics for the infrared would prob ably be doomed to the use of reflective elements exclusively i e plane and curved mir rors Fortunately this proved to be true only until 1830 when the Italian investigator Melloni made his great discovery that naturally occurring rock salt NaCl which was available in large enough natural crystals to be made into lenses and prisms is remark ably transparent to the infrared The result was that rock salt became the principal infra red optical material and remained so for the next hundred years until the art of synthetic crystal growing was mastered in the 1930 s Figure 25 3 Macedonio Melloni 1798 1854 Thermometers as radiation detectors remained unchallenged until 1829 the year Nobili invented the thermocouple Herschel s own thermometer could be read to 0 2 C 0 036 F and later models were able to be read to 0 05 C 0 09 F Then a break through occurred Melloni connected a number of thermocouples in series to form the first thermopile The new device was at least 40 times as sensitive as the best thermome ter of the day for detec
103. g absorption of radiation from surrounding surfaces at room temperatures which do not vary too drasti cally from the temperature of the body or of course the addition of clothing 26 3 4 Non blackbody emitters So far only blackbody radiators and blackbody radiation have been discussed However real objects almost never comply with these laws over an extended wavelength region although they may approach the blackbody behavior in certain spectral intervals For ex ample a certain type of white paint may appear perfectly white in the visible light spec trum but becomes distinctly gray at about 2 um and beyond 3 um it is almost black There are three processes which can occur that prevent a real object from acting like a blackbody a fraction of the incident radiation a may be absorbed a fraction p may be re flected and a fraction T may be transmitted Since all of these factors are more or less wavelength dependent the subscript A is used to imply the spectral dependence of their definitions Thus e The spectral absorptance a the ratio of the spectral radiant power absorbed by an object to that incident upon it e The spectral reflectance py the ratio of the spectral radiant power reflected by an ob ject to that incident upon it e The spectral transmittance tT the ratio of the spectral radiant power transmitted through an object to that incident upon it The sum of these three factors must always add up to the whole
104. g l diminish your limited warranty Electrical Mechanical rights Privacy policy Figure 7 1 Registration form 7 1 3 Procedure Note Your computer needs to have Internet access during this procedure Follow this procedure To register your product fill in the required fields and click Register 7 2 Activating your license 7 2 1 General The first time you start Flir Tools Tools you will be able to choose one of the following options e Activate Flir Tools Tools online e Activate Flir Tools Tools by e mail e Purchase Flir Tools Tools and receive a serial number for activation e Use Flir Tools Tools for free during an evaluation period T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 10 Managing licenses 7 2 2 Figure Welcome to FLIR Tools WELCOME TO THE WORLD peBecesEordein I have a Serial Number and I want to activate FLIR Tools SFLIR Enter your Serial Number to activate FLIR Tools Serial Number You dont have a Serial Number In order to receive a valid Serial Buy a Serial Number Number you must purchase the product Buy It Bwt a I want to evaluate FLIR Tools there are 14 day s left to evaluate You can activate the product within the evaluation period IF you don t want to activate you can use the evaluation version in a time limited You can evaluate FLIR Tools for another 14 day s After that you have to activate FLIR Tools to Further mode use the product Activate the pr
105. gns a color to all temperatures below a certain temperature level in an image with one preset color e Setan isotherm color that is displayed when the camera detects an area where there may be a risk of humidity in the building structure a humidity alarm e Setan isotherm color that is displayed when the camera detects what may be an insu lation deficiency in a wall an insulation alarm e Insert an isotherm between two temperature levels This assigns a color to all temper atures between two temperature levels in an image with one preset color A Click a to draw a rectangle around the area that you want to zoom in on When you are in zoom mode a thumbnail image will appear in the top right corner indicating the lo cation of the area you have zoomed in to You can move the area by clicking and holding down the left mouse button then moving the mouse in any direction To leave the zoom mode either select 7x on the Zoom menu or press the space bar on the keyboard A Click to open the Image Fusion dialog box see section 18 4 10 7 Image Fusion dia log box page 98 Click m to turn on off the grid lines in the graph of the IR Viewer object 18 4 2 4 IR Viewer tools shortcut menu The appearance of the IR Viewer tools shortcut menu depends on which tool you right click Cursor Applicable for lines only Click to create a cursor that you can move along the line Delete Click to remove the currently selected tool from the infrar
106. he De lete button and select Delete Table Deleting Field objects Note This procedure applies to Flir Tools Field objects only not Microsoft Word fields 1 Place the cursor just to the left of the Field object on your template page and click once This will select the whole Field object 2 Press DELETE on your keyboard twice 18 2 5 IR Viewer measurement tools An infrared image contains valid temperature information that may be output by overlay ing different kinds of tools such as spotmeters profiles or areas The tools are accessed from the IR Viewer toolbar which is displayed when you click the IR Viewer object Click k to display the selection tool which works similarly to selection tools in word processing and desktop publishing programs You use the selection tool to select meas urement tools Click Ea to display a spotmeter with an attached flag that you can use to identify tem perature values by moving it over the infrared image If you click the image the flying spotmeter tool will create a fixed spotmeter on the image To stop the flying spotmeter mode press ESC miha Click to create fixed spotmeters on infrared images The measurement result can then be displayed in a Table object Click to create areas on infrared images The measurement result can then be dis played in a Table object Click Q to create ellipsoidal areas on infrared images The measurement result can then be displayed in a Table
107. he Flir Tools tab click fm Field The Field Contents dialog box will open Field Contents fa Show Label Image Date image ate Object Parameters Time File name Path Title Max Temperature Min Temperature Camera Type Serial Number Camera Lens Camera Filter Camera Level Camera Snan Cancel 4 Select the Image or Object Parameters values that you want the Field object to display 5 Click OK 6 The Field object with the contents you have selected will now appear on the page Note To edit the Field contents right click the object on the page and select Contents This will open the Field Contents dialog box 18 2 1 6 Table objects When you create your report the Table object will automatically display the values of any measurement tools in the infrared image Inserting Table objects 1 On your template page place the cursor where you want the Table object to appear The object will be inserted after and below the cursor 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 51 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 2 On the Flir Tools tab click Table displayed Table Contents Table Items Objects Object Parameters Text Comments Line Area Spotmeter Formula DeltaT Isotherm Page Number Preview Date Image Time Max Temperature E Set as default The Table Contents dialog box will be Values fa Date Time File name Path E Title El Max Temperature Min Tem
108. he Library tab double click an image 2 Under Text annotations in the right pane click the Ee button the sign This adds text annotation rows 3 Enter the desired labels and values See the image below for examples Text annotations Company Flir Systems Building Production fade Mae 4 Click Save and close 14 2 5 Creating a text annotation template 14 2 5 1 General In Flir Tools Tools you can create a text annotation template and transfer this text anno tation to your camera You do this on the Templates tab T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 39 14 Working with annotations 14 2 5 2 Procedure Follow this procedure Click the Templates tab Click the Add new text annotations template toolbar button Create a name for the template Enter the desired fields and values See the image below for examples NS Example file 5 Connect a camera to Flir Tools Tools You can now transfer the text annotations template to the camera and use it as a tem plate for further text annotations 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 40 15 Creating panoramas 15 1 General In Flir Tools you can create panoramas by stitching together several smaller images into a larger one Flir Tools analyzes each image to detect pixel patterns that match pixel patterns in other images You can then crop the panorama and carry out various perspective corrections 15 2 Figure This figure shows the pano
109. he incoming radiation tion characterized as an arrangement for scanning a field achieve very high resolution in the optical scanning time is a relatively small value being focused on a radiation responsive elo 70 of view where the incoming radiation is focused on It is preferable if the refractive index of said prism 30 According to the present invention there is ment which may be of a kind well known in osean Sas a valso benwenn 3 and 6 far tho wove ingis weed provided a scanning mechani for the art and as such is not ie the The main difficulty of scanning a feld of view in a 50 Said index of refraction having a value of about 4 is clectromagnetic with the shown short time is of mechanical 7 Our invention uses specially advantageous both for yielding a lincar scan iaf d or ultra of the drawings the ia s zotning setrastive pelem for omaning in eno devction and for allowing a relatively plane image surface This by ara r Hitherto ma ey r Sege ving 5 as Sn eaen pap AY m r on ae 3 ond 00 5 As is also shown pean ofapud to be muted chet te ala a present invention wes a and is accom by means as by a nodding mir 55 a greater AA energ ern eee tudinal Seos Sen at Ga pepo o daa oana Ar he onmis ia ror in the collecting Said slower scanning can The material of said prism must in our invention be of sides of opposite sides are repy kee fep me capes mth seat ay Seta tareas and R i preferable it te sae a S i D A ge m e ing pattern is the pattern E of said
110. he page size select a new page size in the list Available options are A4 US Letter and US Legal Show all parameters To display all measurement parameters for an image when in cluded in a report select this checkbox T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 103 20 Changing settings Extract digital camera image from thermal image if available when generating For cam eras supporting thermal fusion all image modes are included inside a single image file MSX thermal thermal fusion picture in picture and the digital camera image To extract the digital camera image when generating a report select this checkbox Built in templates path The file path to the program s built in templates User templates path The file path to the program s user templates Logo To display a logo in the top left corner of the report pages select this checkbox To display another logo click Browse and navigate to the logo file Header A text field where you can enter any text that shall be displayed in the report header Footer A text field where you can enter any text that shall be displayed in the report footer 20 5 Units tab Temperature unit Celsius _ Fahrenheit _ Kelvin Distance unit _ Meters Feet Temperature unit The unit for temperature values in the program and the reports To change the unit select another unit Available options are Celsius Fahrenheit Kelvin Distance unit The unit for dist
111. he relative humidity enter a new value and click Apply Distance to object To change the distance enter a new value and click Apply More Click to open the More Object Parameters dialog box see the section below Note For more information about object parameters see section 24 Thermographic measurement techni ques page 118 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 84 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 18 4 10 2 4 1 More Object Parameters dialog box More Object Parameters External optics Temperature Transmission Atmospheric transmission Computed transmission E Fixed transmission 20 00 eu Wi Temperature To specify the temperature of e g an external lens or heat shield enter a new value and click OK and then Apply Transmission To specify the transmission of e g an external lens or heat shield enter a new value and click OK and then Apply Computed transmission Flir Tools can compute the transmission based on the atmos pheric temperature and the relative humidity Clear the Fixed transmission check box to use the computed transmission Fixed transmission To use a specific transmission check this box enter a value and click OK and then Apply Value To specify the reference temperature enter a value OK and then Apply Note For more information about object parameters see section 24 Thermographic measurement techni ques page 118 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 85 1
112. he temperature scale to the right of each image you can see how the temperature levels were changed 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 33 13 Analyzing images 60 6 C 01 C A automatic M manual 13 6 2 2 Example 2 This figure shows two infrared images of an isolator in a power line In the left image the cold sky and the power line structure are recorded at a minimum temperature of 26 0 C 14 8 F In the right image the maximum and minimum tem perature levels have been changed to temperature levels near the isolator This makes it easier to analyze the temperature variations in the isolator 63 9 C 60 40 20 oc A automatic M manual 66 2 C o N 13 6 3 Changing the top level Follow this procedure 1 Drag the right slider right or left to change the top level in the temperature scale 13 6 4 Changing the bottom level Follow this procedure 1 Drag the left slider right or left to change the bottom level in the temperature scale 13 6 5 Changing both the top and bottom levels at the same time Follow this procedure 1 SHIFT drag the left or right slider right or left to change both the top and the bottom levels in the temperature scale at the same time 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 34 13 Analyzing images Note You can adjust the temperature levels by using the mousewheel You can adjust the temperature span by holding down the CTRL key while u
113. hed Stainless steel type 18 8 buffed 20 T 0 16 2 Stainless steel type 18 8 oxi 60 T 0 85 2 dized at 800 C Stucco rough lime 10 90 T 0 91 1 Styrofoam insulation 37 SW 0 60 7 Tar T 0 79 0 84 1 Tar paper 20 T 0 91 0 93 1 Tile glazed 17 SW 0 94 5 Tin burnished 20 50 T 0 04 0 06 1 Tin tin plated sheet 100 T 0 07 2 iron Titanium oxidized at 540 C 1000 T 0 60 1 Titanium oxidized at 540 C 200 T 0 40 1 Titanium oxidized at 540 C 500 T 0 50 1 Titanium polished 1000 T 0 36 1 Titanium polished 200 T 0 15 1 Titanium polished 500 T 0 20 1 Tungsten 1500 2200 T 0 24 0 31 1 Tungsten 200 T 0 05 1 Tungsten 600 1000 T 0 1 0 16 1 Tungsten filament 3300 T 0 39 1 Varnish flat 20 SW 0 93 6 Varnish on oak parquet 70 SW 0 90 floor Varnish on oak parquet 70 LW 0 90 0 93 9 floor Wallpaper slight pattern 20 SW 0 85 6 light gray Wallpaper slight pattern red 20 SW 0 90 6 Water distilled 20 T 0 96 2 Water frost crystals 10 0 98 2 Water ice covered with 0 0 98 1 heavy frost Water ice smooth 0 0 97 1 Water ice smooth 10 0 96 2 T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 146 28 Emissivity tables Table 28 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued 1 2 3 4 5 6 Water layer gt 0 1 mm 0 100 0 95 0 98 1 thick Water snow T 0 8 1 Water snow
114. ight pane select the page size and logo that you want to use On the report double click the header and or footer to add any header footer text that you want to use Click Export to export the report as a PDF file 17 5 Common tasks relating to PDF reports In addition to simply generating a report you can perform a variety of tasks in the report view Drag a group of images photos and text annotations into a report Drag single images photos and tables into a report Reorder the pages in the report Enter text in a report using textboxes Create and edit text annotations Edit image descriptions Add and edit a header or footer in a report Move and delete images photos text annotations and tables in a report Resize images in a report Update measurements in an infrared image and see updates instantly in the result table Zoom into and out of a report page Add arrow markers to the image or any other object in the report Edit an image from the report by double clicking the image T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 44 17 Creating reports 17 6 Procedure Microsoft Word reports Follow this procedure On the Library tab select the image or images that you want to include in your report Right click the image or images and select Create report The report is now generated and will open in Microsoft Word If you used one of the standard Microsoft Word templates when you generated the report the following
115. ing the Grid tool 1 Select an IR Viewer object 2 Click to turn on the grid lines Click the IR Viewer object outside the grid for example near the temperature scale to display the IR Viewer object toolbar Pa 3 To use a line as reference click on the IR Viewer object toolbar and lay out a line in the image 4 Right click the IR Viewer object and select Settings from the shortcut menu 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 56 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 5 The mage Settings dialog box will open Select the Grid Settings tab Image Settings Grid Settings Grid Settings Grid Size io E Length Ml Lock Grid Position 6 Set the grid size to a value of your choice 7 Click one of the option buttons and do one of the following e Enter values for distance and and FOV field of view e Selecta line from the drop down list and specify the length of the line 8 Click OK 9 Select k on the IR Viewer object toolbar and move the grid to the desired position For example you may want to align the grid with certain structures in the image areas of interest etc 10 To lock the grid relative to the image check the box Lock Grid Position on the Grid Settings tab and click OK 18 2 6 Formulas 18 2 6 1 General Flir Tools allows you to carry out advanced calculations on various items in the infrared image A formula can contain all common mathematical operators and functions x
116. ings showed a steady increase from the violet end to the red end This was not entirely unexpected since the Italian researcher Landriani in a similar experi ment in 1777 had observed much the same effect It was Herschel however who was the first to recognize that there must be a point where the heating effect reaches a maxi mum and that measurements confined to the visible portion of the spectrum failed to lo cate this point Figure 25 2 Marsilio Landriani 1746 1815 Moving the thermometer into the dark region beyond the red end of the spectrum Her schel confirmed that the heating continued to increase The maximum point when he found it lay well beyond the red end in what is known today as the infrared wavelengths T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 123 25 History of infrared technology When Herschel revealed his discovery he referred to this new portion of the electromag netic spectrum as the thermometrical spectrum The radiation itself he sometimes re ferred to as dark heat or simply the invisible rays Ironically and contrary to popular Opinion it wasn t Herschel who originated the term infrared The word only began to ap pear in print around 75 years later and it is still unclear who should receive credit as the originator Herschel s use of glass in the prism of his original experiment led to some early contro versies with his contemporaries about the actual existence o
117. ithmic To use a logarithmic trending algorithm select Logarithmic This algorithm uses the following mathematical expression y m x In x c Power To use a power trending algorithm select Power This algorithm uses the follow ing mathematical expression y ec x x Exponential To use an exponential trending algorithm select the Exponential option but ton This algorithm uses the following mathematical expression y exp c x e Polynomial To use an polynomial trending algorithm select the Polynomial option button This algorithm uses the following mathematical expression y aox aix a2X2 axxk where k order T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 96 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment Moving average To use a moving average trending algorithm select the Moving average option button This algorithm uses the following mathematical expression an n period moving average the average value over the previous n time periods Display equation on chart To display the equation on the chart select Display equation on chart Display R squared value on chart To display a numerical value that indicates how suc cessfully the algorithm approximates the curve select Display R squared value on chart The value is between 0 and 1 where 0 is poor quality and 1 is high quality 18 4 10 6 4 Color tab Trending Settings Calor Background B Graph E Trend Line Background To change th
118. king while waiting for the unlock key You should receive an e mail with the unlock key within two days 7 When the e mail with the unlock key arrives start the program and enter the unlock key in the text box See the figure below gt Activation of FLIR BuildIR Enter Unlock Key WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF INFRARED If you have received information to unlock FLIR BuildIR please enter the Unlock Keys IF there is more than one key enter one key after another in the correct order Make sure to enter keys in a case sensitive manner SFLIR About Unlocking Enter all received keys to unlock the Apply Ke product IESE Figure 7 3 Unlock key dialog box 7 3 Transferring your license 7 3 1 General You can transfer a license from one computer to another computer as long as you do not exceed the number of purchased licenses This lets you use the software on for example a desktop and a laptop computer 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 12 Managing licenses 7 3 2 Figure Manufacturer FLIR Systems Company YOUR COMPANY NAME cf Installation Codes Copy protection activated 4 Modules H Main module available Activation done Advanced trigger settings available Advanced analysis tools available Customer registration not available H P System Figure 7 4 License viewer example image only 7 3 3 Procedure Note Your computer needs to have Interne
119. l 13 Digital photo tool 14 Tool to change Picture in picture oe OO eS a 10 9 Toolbar buttons in the report editing window 10 9 1 Figure 10 9 2 Explanation Text annotation tool Textbox tool Arrow marker tool Snap objects to grid oe 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 23 10 Screen elements and toolbar buttons 10 10 The Panorama tab 10 10 1 Figure 10 10 2 Explanation 1 Buttons to switch between source file view and panorama view Buttons to crop the panorama image to correct the perspective and to save the pan orama image Pane where all panorama images created from the selected images are displayed Buttons to change the folder select images by date and search images Buttons to zoom into and out of the panorama image Pane displaying the source files in the currently selected folder N oS a 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 24 11 Live image streaming of camera images 11 1 General You can connect an infrared camera to Flir Tools Tools and display its live image stream on the Instruments tab When the camera is connected you can lay out measurement tools change parameters create plots etc 11 2 Figure Instruments Library R 89 6 I a Figure 11 1 The nstruments tab 11 3 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Start Flir Tools Tools 2 Turn on the infrared camera 3 Connect the camera to the computer using a USB cable This displays an im
120. lled 130 T 0 60 1 Iron and steel hot rolled 20 T 0 77 1 Iron and steel oxidized 100 T 0 74 4 Iron and steel oxidized 100 T 0 74 1 Iron and steel oxidized 1227 T 0 89 4 Iron and steel oxidized 125 525 T 0 78 0 82 1 Iron and steel oxidized 200 T 0 79 2 Iron and steel oxidized 200 600 T 0 80 1 Iron and steel oxidized strongly 50 T 0 88 1 Iron and steel oxidized strongly 500 T 0 98 1 Iron and steel polished 100 T 0 07 2 Iron and steel polished 400 1000 T 0 14 0 38 1 Iron and steel polished sheet 750 1050 T 0 52 0 56 1 Iron and steel rolled sheet 50 T 0 56 1 Iron and steel rolled freshly 20 T 0 24 1 Iron and steel rough plane 50 T 0 95 0 98 1 surface Iron and steel rusted red sheet 22 T 0 69 4 Iron and steel rusted heavily 17 SW 0 96 5 Iron and steel rusty red 20 0 69 1 Iron and steel shiny oxide layer 20 0 82 1 sheet Iron and steel shiny etched 150 0 16 1 Iron and steel wrought carefully 40 250 0 28 1 polished T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 141 28 Emissivity tables Table 28 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued 1 2 3 4 5 6 Iron galvanized heavily oxidized 70 SW 0 64 9 Iron galvanized heavily oxidized 70 LW 0 85 9 Iron galvanized sheet
121. mbnail view of the infrared image 6 Thumbnail view of the digital photo if available 7 Measurement pane Note A x icon in the result table indicates that the measurement result is above or below the cali brated temperature range of the infrared camera and is therefore incorrect This phenomenon is called overflow or underflow A A icon in the result table indicates that the measurement result is too close to the calibrated temperature range of the infrared camera and is therefore unreliable 8 Parameters pane 9 Image information pane 10 2 Window elements the nstruments tab Note The Instruments tab will only become available when a camera in UVC mode or a MeterLink device is connected to the computer 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 17 Screen elements and toolbar buttons 10 2 1 Figure O ol LILLI N 10 2 2 Explanation 1 Recordings pane 2 Log area 3 Recording speed and time interval controls 4 Camera related controls e Focusing the camera e Calibrating the camera e Recording a sequence pausing a sequence and resuming a sequence e Saving a single snapshot as a jpg file e Selecting the measurement range e Inthe Options dialog box opens by clicking the Ley button e Setting the file name prefix e Setting the storage location for sequence files seq e Setting the maximum amount of disk usage 5 Button to connect to a Bluetooth enabled device e g a meter 6
122. me ec ee eee Omen ae 41 Wore FOU ore aeceteieu re ene aera neta Lee eucae 41 t53 TPLOCCOUIC oessa dashes seauanans cea eas ean toate EE 41 T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US vii Table of contents 16 Creating an IMageSheet ccceeeseeeeceeeeeeeeeneeeneeeneeseeeeeeeeeeeneeeneeeaaes 42 toad AANE gt Meme wane tener eee E ere nace ener ne nee ae eee rae ee egret 42 10 2 FoU ciclo vcctor iae a ahaa ia tae hate aa eeeeo ns 42 10 37 wWPLOCCOUIG sewer oes reece eau atic a amen a Meade 42 17 Creating Te pons drna a a 43 et GENeralierons esa ee ase titre teehee Ocuate boinc me eaten aee 43 i saa cl 0 oe eee ee eee ere Cree ee crane ction one ere mt mentee ee em cnr ene 43 17 3 Procedure setting a default report template c cece cence eee 44 17 4 Procedure PDF reports ccccce ccc ceeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeanes 44 17 5 Common tasks relating to PDF reports cccceeeeseeeeeeeseeeneees 44 17 6 Procedure Microsoft Word reports ccce eee eeee esses cease enneenaees 45 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment cccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeneees 46 18 1 Creating a report template ccc cece cece eee eeeeeeeeaneeeneenenes 46 Teki Generals aa a hs cone oe cae eo nai eee alae 46 18 1 2 Creating a custom infrared report template 2008 46 18 2 Managing objects in the report ccccce cece e eee eee esses eeeeeeeneeeaees 48 18 2 1 Inse
123. mera e That radiation from the atmosphere itself is detected by the camera 24 5 Relative humidity The camera can also compensate for the fact that the transmittance is also dependent on the relative humidity of the atmosphere To do this set the relative humidity to the cor rect value For short distances and normal humidity the relative humidity can normally be left at a default value of 50 24 6 Other parameters In addition some cameras and analysis programs from Flir Systems allow you to com pensate for the following parameters e Atmospheric temperature i e the temperature of the atmosphere between the cam era and the target e External optics temperature i e the temperature of any external lenses or windows used in front of the camera T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 121 24 Thermographic measurement techniques e External optics transmittance i e the transmission of any external lenses or windows used in front of the camera 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 122 25 History of infrared technology Before the year 1800 the existence of the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spec trum wasn t even suspected The original significance of the infrared spectrum or simply the infrared as it is often called as a form of heat radiation is perhaps less obvious to day than it was at the time of its discovery by Herschel in 1800 Figure 25 1 Sir William Herschel 1738 1822 The disco
124. mperature select this op tion button enter new values in the Max Temperature and Min Temperature boxes and click Apply Threshold To display a horizontal line at a certain temperature in the IR Profile object enter a value in the text box and click Apply 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 90 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 18 4 10 4 2 Color tab Profile Settings 120 100 50 60 40 20 E Lil Cursor Mir 28 3 Max 91 4 Background To change the color of the table background select a new color from the drop down list box and click Apply Plot Area To change the color of the plot area select a new color from the drop down list box and click Apply Text To change the color of the table text select a new color from the drop down list box and click Apply Axes To change the color of the axes select a new color from the drop down list box and click Apply Grid To change the color of the grid lines select a new color from the drop down list box and click Apply 18 4 10 4 3 Lines tab Profile Settings Label Color Line Type Reversed wl Lia a Liz a Use the check boxes to select which lines that you want to connect the IR Profile object to and click Apply T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 91 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment Color To change the color of a line select a new color from the drop down list box and click Apply Line
125. n also do this by double clicking an image on a report page and then following the procedure above In this case only the image in the report will be changed not the image in the library 13 2 Moving a measurement tool 13 2 1 General Measurement tools that you have laid out on an image can be moved around using the selection tool 13 2 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 On the Library tab double click an image 2 On the image toolbar select 3 On the image select the measurement tool and drag it to a new position Note Measurement tools can also be moved on report pages In this case only the image in the report will be changed not the image in the library 13 3 Resizing a measurement tool 13 3 1 General Measurement tools that you have laid out on an image e g an area can be resized us ing the selection tool 13 3 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 On the Library tab double click an image 2 On the image toolbar select D T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 29 Analyzing images 3 On the image select the measurement area and use the selection tool to drag the handles that are displayed around the frame of the area Note Measurement tools can also be resized on report pages In this case only the image in the report will be changed not the image in the library 13 4 Deleting a measurement tool 13 4 1 General You can delete any measurement tools that you have laid out on a
126. n image 13 4 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 On the Library tab double click an image 2 On the image toolbar select D 3 On the image select the measurement tool and press DELETE 13 5 Working with isotherms 13 5 1 General The isotherm command applies a contrasting color to all pixels with a temperature above below or between one or more set temperature levels Using isotherms is a good method to easily discover anomalies in an infrared image 13 5 2 Setting up general isotherms Above Below 13 5 2 1 General An isotherm of the type Above and Below will colorize areas with a temperature above or below a set temperature 13 5 2 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 On the Library tab double click an image 2 On the image toolbar click LA and select one of the following e Above e Below 3 Inthe right pane take note of the parameter Limit Areas in the image with a tempera ture above or below this temperature will be colorized with the isotherm color You can change this limit and also change the isotherm color on the Color menu T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 30 13 Analyzing images 13 5 3 Setting up general isotherms Interval 13 5 3 1 General An isotherm of the type Interval will colorize areas with a temperature between two set temperatures 13 5 3 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 On the Library tab double click an image 2 On the image toolbar click
127. n in the different bands of the elec tromagnetic spectrum They are all governed by the same laws and the only differences are those due to differences in wavelength O 2 Bl 6 100m 1km 10nm gonm adm 10pm 100pm mm 10mm 100mm 1m 10m 2 um 13 um Figure 26 1 The electromagnetic spectrum 1 X ray 2 UV 3 Visible 4 IR 5 Microwaves 6 Radiowaves Thermography makes use of the infrared spectral band At the short wavelength end the boundary lies at the limit of visual perception in the deep red At the long wavelength end it merges with the microwave radio wavelengths in the millimeter range The infrared band is often further subdivided into four smaller bands the boundaries of which are also arbitrarily chosen They include the near infrared 0 75 3 um the middle infrared 3 6 um the far infrared 6 15 um and the extreme infrared 15 100 um Although the wavelengths are given in um micrometers other units are often still used to measure wavelength in this spectral region e g nanometer nm and ngstr m A The relationships between the different wavelength measurements is 10 000 A 1000 nm 1 wp 1 pm 26 3 Blackbody radiation A blackbody is defined as an object which absorbs all radiation that impinges on it at any wavelength The apparent misnomer black relating to an object emitting radiation is ex plained by Kirchhoff s Law after Gustav Robert Kirchhoff 1824 1887 which states that a b
128. nt temperature enter a new value and click Apply Set as default To use these object parameters settings as default settings for all meas urement tools check the Set as default box and click Apply Note For more information about object parameters see section 24 Thermographic measurement techni ques page 118 T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 88 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 18 4 10 3 3 Size Position tab Measurement Settings I Size Pasition Position Height Width Rotate Rotate X To change the X position for a measurement tool enter a negative or positive value and press Apply to move the measurement tool the same number of pixels relative to its original position Y To change the Y position for a measurement tool enter a negative or positive value and press Apply to move the measurement tool the same number of pixels relative to its Original position Height To change the height of a measurement tool enter a value and press Apply to specify the new height of the measurement tool Width To change the width of a measurement tool enter a value and press Apply to specify the new width of the measurement tool Rotate To rotate a measurement tool enter a negative or positive value and press Apply to specify the new angle of rotation for the measurement tool 18 4 10 4 Profile Settings dialog box The Profile Settings dialog box is displayed when you right click an I
129. o enhance the contrast in the infrared image This MSX fusion technology embosses digital camera details onto the in frared image enabling a sharper looking infrared image and quicker target orientation 18 4 10 8 Formula dialog box The Formula dialog box is displayed when you right click the IR Viewer object and select Formulas from the shortcut menu Formula Formulas Label Expression Add Click Add to display a dialog box in which you define your new formula Edit Select a formula and click Edit to display a dialog box in which you edit your formula Delete Select a formula and click Delete to delete For more information about how you define formulas see section 18 2 6 Formulas page 57 18 5 Supported file formats in the IR Viewer object The IR Viewer object supports the following radiometric file formats e ThermaCAM radiometric jpg e ThermaCAM radiometric img e ThermaCAM radiometric 8 bit tif e ThermaCAM radiometric 8 12 bit tif T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 99 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment e ThermaCAM radiometric 12 bit tif e Thermo Teknix tgw e ThermoTeknix tmw e ThermoTeknix tlw e ThermaCAM radiometric seq radiometric sequence files 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 100 19 Updating the camera and PC software 19 1 Updating the PC software 19 1 1 General You can update Flir Tools Tools with the latest service packs 19 1
130. o select one tool click the tool e To select successive tools in one direction press TAB e To select successive tools in the other direction press and hold SHIFT and then press TAB e To select several tools SHIFT click the tools e To select all tools select the IR Viewer object and press A e To select one or several tools click k that you want to select and draw a rectangle around the tools Moving a measurement tool 1 Do one of the following e To move the tool press the arrow keys e To move the tool use the mouse Cloning measurement tools 1 To clone a tool press and hold CTRL when you move the tool This will create a clone of the tool Deleting measurement tools 1 To delete a tool do one of the following e Select the tool and press DELETE e Select the tool right click and select Delete 18 2 5 2 Using the Grid tool Using the Grid tool and knowing the field of view of the lens and the distance to the ob ject of interest you can lay out a grid on an IR Viewer object where each square of the grid represents a known area You can also lay out a line in the IR Viewer object and specify the length of the line Note e For accurate calculations it is very important that you record the correct distance to the object at the time of inspection You can do this in the camera or on paper e For accurate calculations it is also very important that the image is taken at a 90 angle to the object Us
131. oduct by e mail Figure 7 2 Activation dialog box 7 2 3 Activating Flir Tools Tools online Note Your computer needs to have Internet access during this procedure Follow this procedure 1 Start Flir Tools Tools In the web activation dialog box select have a Serial Number and I want to activate Flir Tools Tools 3 Click Next 4 Enter your serial number name company and e mail address The name should be that of the license holder 5 Click Next 6 Click Activate now This will start the web activation process 7 When the message Online activation was successful is displayed click Close You have now successfully activated Flir Tools Tools 7 2 4 Activating Flir Tools Tools by e mail Note Your computer needs to have Internet access during this procedure Follow this procedure 1 Start Flir Tools Tools Inthe web activation dialog box click Activate the product by e mail 3 Enter your serial number name company and e mail address The name should be that of the license holder 4 Click Request Unlock Key by E mail 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 11 Managing licenses 5 Your default e mail client now opens and an unsent e mail with the license informa tion is displayed Note Send this e mail without altering the content The main purpose of the e mail is to send the license information to the activation center 6 Click Next The program will now start and you can continue wor
132. ody capable of absorbing all radiation at any wavelength is equally capable in the emission of radiation 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 126 26 Theory of thermography Figure 26 2 Gustav Robert Kirchhoff 1824 1887 The construction of a blackbody source is in principle very simple The radiation charac teristics of an aperture in an isotherm cavity made of an opaque absorbing material rep resents almost exactly the properties of a blackbody A practical application of the principle to the construction of a perfect absorber of radiation consists of a box that is light tight except for an aperture in one of the sides Any radiation which then enters the hole is scattered and absorbed by repeated reflections so only an infinitesimal fraction can possibly escape The blackness which is obtained at the aperture is nearly equal to a blackbody and almost perfect for all wavelengths By providing such an isothermal cavity with a suitable heater it becomes what is termed a cavity radiator An isothermal cavity heated to a uniform temperature generates black body radiation the characteristics of which are determined solely by the temperature of the cavity Such cavity radiators are commonly used as sources of radiation in tempera ture reference standards in the laboratory for calibrating thermographic instruments such as a Flir Systems camera for example If the temperature of blackbody radiation increases to more than 525 C 977 F
133. oft NET Framework 4 0 If this software is not already installed on your computer click OK when asked if you want to install the software Installation of Microsoft NET Framework 4 0 can take several minutes 4 Inthe Flir Tools Tools installation wizard dialog box click Next 5 Inthe license agreement dialog box carefully read and accept the license agreement and click Next 6 Inthe customer information dialog box enter your customer details and click Next Click Install 8 Click Finish If you are asked to restart your computer do so N 5 2 2 Windows Vista Windows 7 and Windows 8 installation Note Before you install Flir Tools Tools close all programs 5 2 2 1 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Insert the Flir Tools Tools installation CD DVD into the CD DVD drive The installa tion should start automatically 2 Inthe Autoplay dialog box click Run setup exe Published by Flir Systems 3 Inthe User Account Control dialog box confirm that you want to install Flir Tools Tools 4 Inthe Ready to Install the Program dialog box click Install 5 Click Finish The installation is now complete If you are asked to restart your com puter do so 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 8 Enabling Flir Tools Flir Tools adds a number of features to Flir Tools such as recording and play back of ra diometric video files time temperature plotting Microsoft Word reporting grouping of files stitching of image
134. omer base Flir Systems is at the forefront of innovation in the infrared camera industry We anticipate market demand by constantly improving our existing cameras and developing new ones The company has set milestones in product design and development such as the intro duction of the first battery operated portable camera for industrial inspections and the first uncooled infrared camera to mention just two innovations 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 112 22 About Flir Systems Oe ww N 2s eS SIS a gt lt et Se aes S7 X My A Ht ee Wg _ A KJ i ae oS A VY 3 lake ig ANE a ae x 3 Figure 22 2 LEFT Thermovision Model 661 from 1969 The camera weighed approximately 25 kg 55 Ib the oscilloscope 20 kg 44 Ib and the tripod 15 kg 33 Ib The operator also needed a 220 VAC generator set and a 10 L 2 6 US gallon jar with liquid nitrogen To the left of the oscilloscope the Polaroid attachment 6 kg 13 Ib can be seen RIGHT Flir i7 from 2012 Weight 0 34 kg 0 75 Ib including the battery Flir Systems manufactures all vital mechanical and electronic components of the camera systems itself From detector design and manufacturing to lenses and system elec tronics to final testing and calibration all production steps are carried out and super vised by our own engineers The in depth expertise of these infrared specialists ensures the
135. onen enaa 3 Click Open IR Image and select an infrared image 4 Click Open Photo and select the corresponding digital photo 5 Inthe infrared image define the positions of interest by moving the three reference crosshairs to these positions 6 Inthe digital photo move the three reference crosshairs to the corresponding positions 7 Select type of image fusion technology e Select nterval to use one temperature interval for the infrared image and to use the digital photo for lower and higher temperatures Enter the desired temperature values in the corresponding text boxes You can adjust the temperature levels by dragging the sliders in the IR Viewer object once you have closed the dialog box e Select Blending to display a blended image that uses a mix of infrared pixels and digital photo pixels You can adjust the mixing levels by dragging the sliders in the IR Viewer object once you have closed the dialog box e Select Picture in Picture PiP to display a portion of a digital photo within an infra red image In the IR Viewer object you can then move and resize the PiP to any where and any size in the photo to show the level of detail that you want in your report e Select Multi Spectral Dynamic Imaging MSX to enhance the contrast in the infra red image This MSX fusion technology embosses digital camera details onto the infrared image enabling a sharper looking infrared image and quicker target orientation 8 To
136. onment 18 4 10 2 1 Colors tab Image Settings Colors Color Glowbow pn Out of range overflow GREY GREY10 Greyred Saturation overflow ny ed fev F IRO E RON10 IronHi Saturation underflow MEDICAL Midgreen ae Out of range underflow RAINIO ahane Scale limits Max Temperature Min Temperature 70 0 c est na Color Click a palette in the list to select a palette Out of range overflow Displays the color assigned for the temperatures over the cali brated temperature range of the infrared camera Saturation overflow Displays the color assigned for the temperatures over the scale limits Saturation underflow Displays the color assigned for the temperatures under the scale limits Out of range underflow Displays the color assigned for the temperatures under the cali brated temperature range of the infrared camera Browse Click to open palette files pal stored at a different location Advanced Click to open the Advanced Color Settings dialog box see section 18 4 10 2 1 1 Advanced Color Settings dialog box page 78 Max Temperature To define the maximum level temperature of the scale type a temper ature value in the text box Min Temperature To define the minimum level temperature of the scale type a tempera ture value in the text box 18 4 10 2 1 1 Advanced Color Settings dialog box The Advanced Color Settings dialog box is displayed when you click Advanced in the
137. otherm color that is displayed when the camera detects what may be an insu lation deficiency in a wall an insulation alarm e Insert an isotherm between two temperature levels This assigns a color to all temper atures between two temperature levels in an image with one preset color For more information about isotherm settings see section 18 4 10 2 2 Isotherms tab page 79 Click a to draw a rectangle around the area that you want to zoom in on When you are in Zoom mode a thumbnail image will appear in the top right corner indicating the lo cation of the area you have zoomed in to You can move the area by clicking and holding down the left mouse button then moving the mouse in any direction To leave the zoom mode either select 7x on the Zoom menu or press the space bar on the keyboard Click La to open the mage Fusion dialog box For more information on image fusion see section 18 2 7 Image fusion page 61 Click m to turn on off grid lines in the IR Viewer object For more information about the grid tool see section 18 2 5 2 Using the Grid tool page 56 18 2 5 1 Managing the measurement tools Once you have added measurement tools such as spotmeters areas and markers to an IR Viewer object you can apply actions such as moving cloning and deleting to them 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 55 Working in the Microsoft Word environment Selecting a measurement tool in the image 1 Do one of the following e T
138. oxidized 227 T 0 37 4 Nickel oxidized at 600 C 200 600 T 0 37 0 48 1 Nickel polished 122 T 0 045 4 Nickel wire 200 1000 T 0 1 0 2 1 Nickel oxide 1000 1250 T 0 75 0 86 1 Nickel oxide 500 650 T 0 52 0 59 1 Oil lubricating 0 025 mm film 20 T 0 27 2 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 143 28 Emissivity tables Table 28 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued untreated 1 2 3 4 5 6 Oil lubricating 0 050 mm film 20 T 0 46 2 Oil lubricating 0 125 mm film 20 T 0 72 2 Oil lubricating film on Ni base 20 T 0 05 2 Ni base only Oil lubricating thick coating 20 T 0 82 2 Paint 8 different colors 70 SW 0 88 0 96 9 and qualities Paint 8 different colors 70 LW 0 92 0 94 9 and qualities Paint Aluminum vari 50 100 T 0 27 0 67 1 ous ages Paint cadmium yellow 0 28 0 33 1 Paint chrome green 0 65 0 70 1 Paint cobalt blue 0 7 0 8 1 Paint oil 17 SW 0 87 5 Paint oil based aver 100 T 0 94 2 age of 16 colors Paint oil black flat 20 SW 0 94 6 Paint oil black gloss 20 SW 0 92 6 Paint oil gray flat 20 SW 0 97 6 Paint oil gray gloss 20 SW 0 96 6 Paint oil various colors 100 T 0 92 0 96 1 Paint plastic black 20 SW 0 95 6 Paint plastic white 20 SW 0 84 6 Paper 4 diffe
139. p 1 Ty L pt SA When the plate becomes opaque this formula is reduced to the single formula 1 p This last relation is a particularly convenient one because it is often easier to measure reflectance than to measure emissivity directly 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 132 27 The measurement formula As already mentioned when viewing an object the camera receives radiation not only from the object itself It also collects radiation from the surroundings reflected via the ob ject surface Both these radiation contributions become attenuated to some extent by the atmosphere in the measurement path To this comes a third radiation contribution from the atmosphere itself This description of the measurement situation as illustrated in the figure below is so far a fairly true description of the real conditions What has been neglected could for in stance be sun light scattering in the atmosphere or stray radiation from intense radiation sources outside the field of view Such disturbances are difficult to quantify however in most cases they are fortunately small enough to be neglected In case they are not negli gible the measurement configuration is likely to be such that the risk for disturbance is obvious at least to a trained operator It is then his responsibility to modify the measure ment situation to avoid the disturbance e g by changing the viewing direction shielding off intense radiation sourc
140. perature Camera Type Serial Number Camera Lens I Camera Filter Camera Level Camera Snan 201 2 05 20 UPEETA ie A nr POE i L hd a Move Down 3 For each item that you want to include in the table do the following 1 Inthe left pane of the Table Items area select an Object 2 Inthe right pane of the Table Items area select the Values that you want to dis play in the Table object 4 A structural preview of the table will be displayed in the Preview area where you can do the following e To edit the label of a table item double click the item and enter a new label e To remove an item from the table click the item and then click Delete e To change the order of the table items click an item and then click Move Up or Move Down 5 Click OK 6 The Table object with the contents you have selected will now appear on the page Note e To edit the table contents right click the object on the page and select Contents This will open the Table Contents dialog box e Ifatable is connected to an infrared image and you delete either the table or the image you will not be able to recreate the connection again 18 2 1 7 Summary Table objects When you create your report the Summary Table object will automatically display values of the items you have chosen to include in the table Inserting Summary Table objects 1 On your template page place the cursor where you want the Summary Table object
141. port guide 4 O Import images from camera w View images in library 4 Connect to live stream Check for updates Figure 11 2 Import guide example Note For some older camera models you need to set the USB mode to mass storage device MSD or mass storage device UVC MSD UVC 4 Click Connect to livestream This displays the live image stream from the camera on the nstruments tab 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 25 11 Live image streaming of camera images 5 On the nstruments tab do one or more of the following Note To adjust camera focus click the button near focus the button auto focus or the cal button far focus To calibrate the camera click the ei button To start a recording click the al button To stop a recording click the CE button To freeze the live image stream click the We toolbar button To save a single snapshot as a jpg file click the a button To change a number of recording settings click the ical button This displays a dialog box To display the live image stream of another camera on the network click the button for that camera To lay out a measurement tool click the tool and then click on the image To change parameters click the value field of a parameter type a new value and press Enter To create a plot right click the image and then select the type of plot you want The Instruments tab will only become available when a camera in UVC mode or a
142. presents a compilation of emissivity data from the infrared literature and measurements made by Flir Systems 28 1 References 1 Mikael A Bramson Infrared Radiation A Handbook for Applications Plenum press N Y 2 William L Wolfe George J Zissis The Infrared Handbook Office of Naval Research Department of Navy Washington D C 3 Madding R P Thermographic Instruments and systems Madison Wisconsin Uni versity of Wisconsin Extension Department of Engineering and Applied Science 4 William L Wolfe Handbook of Military Infrared Technology Office of Naval Research Department of Navy Washington D C 5 Jones Smith Probert External thermography of buildings Proc of the Society of Photo Optical Instrumentation Engineers vol 110 Industrial and Civil Applications of Infrared Technology June 1977 London 6 Paljak Pettersson Thermography of Buildings Swedish Building Research Institute Stockholm 1972 7 Vicek J Determination of emissivity with imaging radiometers and some emissivities at A 5 um Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 8 Kern Evaluation of infrared emission of clouds and ground as measured by weather satellites Defence Documentation Center AD 617 417 9 Ohman Claes Emittansmatningar med AGEMA E Box Teknisk rapport AGEMA 1999 Emittance measurements using AGEMA E Box Technical report AGEMA 1999 10 Mattel S Tang Kwor E Emissivity measurements for Nextel Velvet
143. r the minimum temperature level here and click Apply Temperature Select this option to output the pixel information as temperature in kelvin degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit Object signal Select this option to output the pixel information as an object signal 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 86 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 18 4 10 2 6 Grid Settings tab Image Settings Grid Settings Grid Size io E Length If Lock Grid Position For an explanation of the items on the Grid Settings tab see section 18 2 5 2 Using the Grid tool page 56 18 4 10 3 Measurement Settings dialog box The Measurement Settings dialog box is displayed when you right click an IR Viewer measurement tool and select Settings from the shortcut menu 18 4 10 3 1 General tab Measurement Settings General Ze O U Label I Show label spl Show value Font size I Include value description Calor Measurement symbol Text Text background a E m E Set as default Label To specify a label i e a name appearing in the infrared image for this measure ment tool enter a name here and click Apply T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 87 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment Show label To show the label for the measurement tool check the Show label box and click Apply Show value To display the value of the measurement tool i e the measurement result in the infrar
144. rama workspace 15 3 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 On the Library tab select the images that you want to use when creating a panorama 2 Right click the images and select Combine into panorama This will open the Panora ma tab 3 At this stage you can perform a variety of tasks Click to crop the panorama e Click to carry out a perspective correction on the image Click kis to save the panorama as an image file 000 e Click ikii to view the original source files e Click E to view the final panorama For more information see section 10 10 The Panorama tab page 24 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 41 16 Creating an imagesheet 16 1 General You can create an imagesheet of one or more images in your folders The imagesheets are saved in Adobe PDF format To download the free reader go to http www adobe com products reader 16 2 Figure FLIR dick to add header R 0157 comerted 23 16 3 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 2 3 On the Library tab select the image or images that you want to include in your imagesheet Right click the image or images and select Create imagesheet Under Page setup on the right pane select the page size and logo that you want to use Under Layout on the right pane click the page layout that you want to use On the imagesheet double click the header and or footer to add any header footer text that you want to use Click Export to export
145. re FIG 1 side view of a scanning prism showing the various values of refractive index of said prism Refer provide an improved ion of Fig 2 he detected rays in said prism ond the nocomary image sur ring to FIG 3 there are for every rotating angle and echa gues a p Apoy Fre proper focuming at the fixed scanning aperture 35 every refractive index of said prim z two values of x x function ae ee L a diagram which shows the scanning delec The larger of said two values of x corresponds to the dia to further object Present inven various refractive indices a tion as a function of the rotating angle of the prism for image surface 7 that is generated by the rays in the in jor Soin al uta P Fig 3 is a view showing the parazial image SPO 5 b a tow chovtas cold ponsad magn eustass Seas Ca Ratan a 7 piano ond fornieg omnii k d ine for tt 1 refraction d the meira qi porok mas of said prism i S as on Sue ck Ob ae tee ani han deen te r az orm invention to provide a scanning mechanken for an Gk oe pant fe 6 Ppl LLa Ip ar Rh raat ben ee 3 that the aberrations which 3 m ugel field en i vention is ai he pe FIG 5 is a perspective view of a particular form of a are caused by the prism can be neutralized to sab vention is to provide a scanning mechanism ultra violet or infra red regions of the Briefly stated our invention is in the following specifica at peor ekri e a whereby for continuous scanning the retrace magnetic spectrum t
146. rent colors 70 SW 0 68 0 74 9 Paper 4 different colors 70 LW 0 92 0 94 9 Paper black 0 90 1 Paper black dull 0 94 1 Paper black dull 70 SW 0 86 9 Paper black dull 70 LW 0 89 9 Paper blue dark T 0 84 1 Paper coated with black 0 93 1 lacquer Paper green T 0 85 1 Paper red T 0 76 1 Paper white 20 T 0 7 0 9 1 Paper white bond 20 T 0 93 2 Paper white 3 different 70 SW 0 76 0 78 9 glosses Paper white 3 different 70 LW 0 88 0 90 9 glosses Paper yellow T 0 72 1 Plaster 17 SW 0 86 5 Plaster plasterboard 20 SW 0 90 6 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 144 28 Emissivity tables Table 28 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued 1 2 3 4 5 6 Plaster rough coat 20 T 0 91 Plastic glass fibre lami 70 SW 0 94 9 nate printed circ board Plastic glass fibre lami 70 LW 0 91 9 nate printed circ board Plastic polyurethane iso 70 LW 0 55 9 lation board Plastic polyurethane iso 70 SW 0 29 9 lation board Plastic PVC plastic floor 70 SW 0 94 9 dull structured Plastic PVC plastic floor 70 LW 0 93 9 dull structured Platinum 100 T 0 05 4 Platinum 1000 1500 T 0 14 0 18 1 Platinum 1094 T 0 18 4 Platinum 17 T 0 016 4 Platinum 22 T 0 03 4 Platinum 260 T 0 06 4 Platinum 538 T 0 10
147. report will be changed not the image in the library 13 9 Changing the image mode 13 9 1 General For some images you can change the image mode You do this on the toolbar in the im age editing window T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 35 13 Analyzing images 13 9 2 Types of image modes Button Image mode Image example ry Thermal MSX Multi Spectral Dynamic Imaging This mode displays an infrared image where the edges of the objects are enhanced Note that the label for each fuse is clearly legible Thermal This mode displays a fully infrared image Thermal fusion This mode displays a digital photo where some parts are displayed in in frared depending on the temperature limits Picture in picture This mode displays an in frared image frame on top of a digital photo Digital camera This mode displays a fully digital photo 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 36 13 Analyzing images 13 10 Exporting temperature values as comma separated values 13 10 1 General You can export temperature values as a matrix of comma separated values for further analysis in external software The file format is csv and the file can be opened in Micro soft Excel 13 10 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 On the Library tab double click an image 2 Right click the image and select Export image as csv file You can now open the file in Microsoft Excel
148. rface This is of course sometimes a simplification of the true situation It is however a necessary simplifica tion in order to derive a workable formula and Tref can at least theoretically be giv en a value that represents an efficient temperature of a complex surrounding Note also that we have assumed that the emittance for the surroundings 1 This is correct in accordance with Kirchhoff s law All radiation impinging on the surrounding surfaces will eventually be absorbed by the same surfaces Thus the emittance 1 Note though that the latest discussion requires the complete sphere around the ob ject to be considered 3 Emission from the atmosphere 1 T tTWatm where 1 T is the emittance of the at mosphere The temperature of the atmosphere is Tatm The total received radiation power can now be written Equation 2 Wici ETW ov F 1 gg E TW en T 1 T W atin We multiply each term by the constant C of Equation 1 and replace the CW products by the corresponding U according to the same equation and get Equation 3 Ua OT gy Pama t T atm Solve Equation 3 for Uopj Equation 4 l I U z E Ua _ an U refi p k U obj atm a Q This is the general measurement formula used in all the Flir Systems thermographic equipment The voltages of the formula are Table 27 1 Voltages Uovj Calculated camera output voltage for a blackbody of temperature Topj i e a voltage that
149. rface falls below 0 1 while an oxidized or painted surface has a higher emissivity Oil based paint regardless of color in the visi ble spectrum has an emissivity over 0 9 in the infrared Human skin exhibits an emissiv ity 0 97 to 0 98 Non oxidized metals represent an extreme case of perfect opacity and high reflexivity which does not vary greatly with wavelength Consequently the emissivity of metals is low only increasing with temperature For non metals emissivity tends to be high and decreases with temperature 24 2 1 Finding the emissivity of a sample 24 2 1 1 Step 1 Determining reflected apparent temperature Use one of the following two methods to determine reflected apparent temperature 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 118 24 Thermographic measurement techniques 24 2 1 1 1 Method 1 Direct method Follow this procedure 1 Look for possible reflection sources considering that the incident angle reflection angle a b Figure 24 1 1 Reflection source 2 Ifthe reflection source is a spot source modify the source by obstructing it using a piece if cardboard Figure 24 2 1 Reflection source 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 119 24 Thermographic measurement techniques 3 Measure the radiation intensity apparent temperature from the reflecting source using the following settings e Emissivity 1 0 id Dovj O You can measure the radiation intensity using one of the following
150. riods forward and backward for which the algorithm will present a probable trend 2 Under Trend Regression type select the algorithm that you want to use On the Color tab select colors for various items in the IR Trending object On the Line tab select colors and line types for the lines that will be displayed in the IR Trending object Click OK Note To edit the IR Trending settings right click the object on the page and select Settings This will open the Trending Settings dialog box 18 2 1 5 Field objects When you create your report the Field object will automatically display values or text linked to an infrared image Inserting Field objects 1 2 On your template page place the cursor where you want the Field object to appear The object will be inserted after and below the cursor Note Field objects will not work if you insert them into a text box Only Microsoft Word fields work in text boxes However Field objects work properly in Microsoft Word tables If there is more than one IR Viewer object on the page the Select IR Image dialog box will be displayed Select which IR Viewer object the Field object should be con nected to and click OK Select Rimage IF Viewers on Page If there is only one IR Viewer object on the page the Field object will automatically be connected to that IR Viewer object 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 50 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 3 On t
151. rks everything saturated by the de tector indicating that the range should probably be changed T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 116 23 Glossary span spectral radi ant emittance temperature difference or difference of temperature temperature range temperature scale thermogram transmission or transmit tance factor transparent isotherm visual The interval of the temperature scale usually expressed as a signal value Amount of energy emitted from an object per unit of time area and wavelength W m2 um A value which is the result of a subtraction between two temperature values The current overall temperature measurement limitation of an IR camera Cameras can have several ranges Expressed as two blackbody temperatures that limit the current calibration The way in which an IR image currently is displayed Expressed as two temperature values limiting the colors infrared image Gases and materials can be more or less transparent Transmission is the amount of IR radiation passing through them A number be tween 0 and 1 An isotherm showing a linear spread of colors instead of covering the highlighted parts of the image Refers to the video mode of a IR camera as opposed to the normal thermographic mode When a camera is in video mode it captures ordinary video images while thermographic images are captured when the camera is in IR mode 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US
152. rt template as a dotx file OOO a G O 18 3 5 Creating a Microsoft Word field and linking the field to a document property Note This description assumes that you have created summary and custom properties according to section 18 3 3 Creating and editing Microsoft Word document properties page 63 T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 64 Working in the Microsoft Word environment Creating and linking a Microsoft Word field 1 In your infrared report or report template put the cursor where you want to insert the field On the nsert tab click Quick Parts and select Field In the Field names box select DocProperty Select a property in the Property box Click OK oa a 18 4 Software reference section This section describes in detail all menus buttons dialog boxes etc related to Flir Tools 18 4 1 Flir Tools tab After installation of Flir Tools the Flir Tools tab appears to the right of the standard tabs in the Ribbon of your Microsoft Word documents FLIR Tools W LSS IR Profile GB Quick Inset f Field Bi Delete Page Ea Report properties B s Wi IR Histogram M Connect G4 Table 23 Duplicate Page IR Digital __ Help FUR Viewer Photo W6 IR Trending Delete Z Summary Table x Images and graphs Tables Document FLUR Tools Days left 30 IR Click YEW to insert an IR Viewer object for infrared images and sequence files An in frared image or a sequence file contains valid temperature
153. rting objects ccc ese cece eeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeanes 48 16 2 2 Connecting ODJOCUS ee a eesti le teee 53 18 23 RESIZING ODICCIS 4 ike eats E ane ieee 54 18 2 4 Deleting objects vised exldevicec udev da ovdeeived obs vendsemetendseslextes 54 18 2 5 IR Viewer measurement tools cccc eee eeee eee eeeeee eens 54 18 20 FOMUS aa cians raed imran r eee seer aaeradeere toes eueecetaets 57 18 27 Image TUSION es tioeratiann sieve Bann cin echo teen E 61 18 3 DOCUMENT properties sciie dw te cde naa a slows iene 63 lgo Genelde aa anne aie re ame aa 63 18 3 2 Types of document properties ccce cece eee eee eeeeeeeaees 63 18 3 3 Creating and editing Microsoft Word document PODEU Ser carton E nee ora caw eaten a te cack dene eae 63 18 3 4 Changing the prefix for a report property 0ceeeeeeee 64 18 3 5 Creating a Microsoft Word field and linking the field to a GOCUIMENE DIO DONY cicatricial ae 64 18 4 Software reference SECTION cc ccc ece cece cece ee eeeeeeeeeeeneeeneeneaes 65 18 4 1 Flr TOOIS ta Disancaso sia tadicatiataiessiatadcarunedaarasimadnadeor arate 65 16 4 2 IR Viewer ODlCCt erine a A aidecieaet 66 t843 Digital PPNOW ODICCE iseer aa 70 16 44 IR Protile ODO Cle fessin n N OAR 71 18 45 IR Mstogram ODC isser a uit ienenevauies 72 18 46 IR Mending ODOC sikren 73 104 7 PICIQODICCE nn ea teres dint esac E 74 16 4 6 TaDIG OD CCU cc ence ver bien era hee ee lia fee tre ees ete
154. s The figures below illustrates the relative magnitudes of the three radiation contributions for three different object temperatures two emittances and two spectral ranges SW and LW Remaining parameters have the following fixed values e T 0 88 e Trefl 20 C 68 F e Tatm 20 C 68 F It is obvious that measurement of low object temperatures are more critical than measur ing high temperatures since the disturbing radiation sources are relatively much stron ger in the first case Should also the object emittance be low the situation would be still more difficult We have finally to answer a question about the importance of being allowed to use the calibration curve above the highest calibration point what we call extrapolation Imagine that we in a certain case measure Utot 4 5 volts The highest calibration point for the camera was in the order of 4 1 volts a value unknown to the operator Thus even if the object happened to be a blackbody i e Uobj Utot we are actually performing extrapola tion of the calibration curve when converting 4 5 volts into temperature Let us now assume that the object is not black it has an emittance of 0 75 and the trans mittance is 0 92 We also assume that the two second terms of Equation 4 amount to 0 5 volts together Computation of Uobj by means of Equation 4 then results in Uopj 4 5 0 75 0 92 0 5 6 0 This is a rather extreme extrapolation particularly when consid
155. s into panoramas and more To enable Flir Tools follow this procedure 1 On the Help menu click License options 2 For Flir Tools click Apply 3 Restart the program A 30 day evaluation version of Flir Tools has now begun If you want to use the pro gram after 30 days you need to purchase it For more information see section 7 4 Activating additional software modules page 13 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US Managing licenses 7 1 Registering your product 7 1 1 General It is important that you register your product By registering your product you are entitled to e Free program updates e Free unlimited technical support at http support flir com e Timely information about new releases 7 1 2 Figure Welcome to the world of infrared Please take a few moments to register After registration you can try the product for a period of time or decide to activate your purchased product Required First name Last name Email Company oe _ Optional I would like to receive FLIR newsletter Title Telephone Address Postal code City At FLIR we respect and protect your privacy and assure you State that your registration information is completely plan cameras do you S65 secure You are welcome to use SC660 review our privacy policy Of P620 course FLIR product registration is totally voluntary a Automation and failure to register will not PP Buildin
156. sing the mousewheel You can double click the temperature levels scale to auto adjust the image You can change the temperature levels by double clicking an image on a report page and then dragging the sliders In this case only the image in the report will be changed not the image in the library 13 7 Auto adjusting an image 13 7 1 General You can auto adjust an image or a group of images When you auto adjust an image you adjust it for the best image brightness and contrast 13 7 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 To auto adjust an image do one of the following e Double click the temperature scale e Click the Auto button Note You can also do this by double clicking an image on a report page and then following the procedure above In this case only the image in the report will be changed not the image in the library 13 8 Changing the palette 13 8 1 General You can change the palette that the camera uses to display the different temperatures within an image A different palette can make it easier to analyze the image 13 8 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 On the Library tab double click an image 2 Inthe image window click the B4 button on the top toolbar This will display a drop down menu 3 Onthe menu click the palette that you want to use Note You can also do this by double clicking an image on a report page and then following the procedure above In this case only the image in the
157. smission value computed from the temperature the relative humidity of air and the distance to the object A bottle shaped radiator with an absorbing inside viewed through the bottleneck The temperature for which the color of a blackbody matches a spe cific color The process that makes heat diffuse into a material A function that adjusts the image The function works all the time continuously adjusting brightness and contrast according to the im age content Convection is a heat transfer mode where a fluid is brought into mo tion either by gravity or another force thereby transferring heat from one place to another An isotherm with two color bands instead of one The amount of radiation coming from an object compared to that of a blackbody A number between 0 and 1 Amount of energy emitted from an object per unit of time and area W m2 Objects and gases that emit radiation towards the object being measured A transmission value supplied by a user replacing a calculated one Extra lenses filters heat shields etc that can be put between the camera and the object being measured A material transparent only to some of the infrared wavelengths Field of view The horizontal angle that can be viewed through an IR lens Focal plane array A type of IR detector An object that emits a fixed fraction of the amount of energy of a blackbody for each wavelength Instantaneous field of view A measure of the g
158. sotherms may exist outside the temperature range of the current image which will make the isotherm invisible By changing the minimum tem perature invisible isotherms can be brought back into range The appearance of the sotherms tab is slightly different if a humidity or an insulation alarm is active see sections below 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 80 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 18 4 10 2 2 1 lsotherms tab with a humidity alarm Image Settings Isatherms Isotherms Humidity 1 Delete Solid sol o Contrast es Palette Relative Humidity Alarm Atmospheric temperature Humidity Alarm Level AJUU p J zU Relative air humidity 0 40 Atmospheric Temperature This parameter refers to the atmospheric temperature when setting up humidity alarms A humidity alam is an alarm that can detect an area where there may be a risk of humidity in a building structure Relative air humidity This parameter refers to the relative air humidity when setting up humidity alarms Humidity Alarm Level The humidity alarm level is the critical limit of relative humidity that you want to detect in e g a building structure For example mold will grow on areas where the relative humidity is less than 100 and you may want to find such areas of interest Note Refer to your national building code for recommendations 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 81 18 Working in the Microsoft
159. ss and hold SHIFT and move one of the sliders 4 Indicates that the image file has a voice comment Click to listen to the voice comment 5 Indicates that the image file has a text comment Click to display the text comment 6 Indicates that the image file has embedded GPS data Click the globe to display the position on a map If Image Fusion is applied an additional slider is displayed at the bottom of the IR Viewer object The appearance of the slider depends on the type of Image Fusion as illustrated in the figures below Slider to control Image Fusion with the Interval setting Slider to control Image Fusion with the Blending setting Slider to control Image Fusion with the Multi Spectral Dynamic Imaging MSX setting To control Image Fusion drag the slider left or right to fuse an infrared image with a digi tal photo You can also use one of the following shortcuts e To go to the full infrared image or to the full digital photo double click the correspond ing icon at the left or right end of the gauge e To center the slider on the gauge right click the gauge e To move the slider to a specific position on the gauge double click the gauge at that position e To move the slider in small increments to the left or to the right click the gauge to the left or to the right of the slider For more information about Image Fusion see sections 18 2 7 Image fusion page 61 and 18 4 10 7 Image Fusion dialog box page 98
160. t one row per image You can edit the text in the Summary Table object once the report is created However these changes will be deleted when you right click the Summary Table object and select Refresh Image Date Reflected Temperature 2012 03 20 07137015 20 0 C E 18 4 9 2 Summary Table object shortcut menu The Summary Table object shortcut menu is displayed when right clicking a Summary Table object Borders and Shading Spelling Contents Refresh T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 75 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment Borders and Shading Click to open the standard Microsoft Word feature Spelling Click to open the standard Microsoft Word feature Contents Click to open the Summary Table dialog box see section 18 2 1 7 Summary Table objects page 52 Refresh Click to refresh the Summary Table object contents You usually only have to do this if you have changed the contents manually 18 4 10 Flir Tools dialog boxes 18 4 10 1 Quicklnsert dialog box In the Quickinsert dialog box you can create a report by selecting a predefined page layout or modifying an existing page layout The QuickInsert dialog box is displayed when you click Quick nsert on the Flir Tools tab Quick Insert SUS SASS Select a tab and click OK to include a page layout in your report Customize Quick Insert Click to open the Customize Quick Insert dialog box see sec tion 18 4 10 1 1 Customize Q
161. t access during this procedure Follow this procedure 1 Start Flir Tools Tools On the Help menu select Show license information This will display the license view er shown above In the license viewer click Transfer license This will display a deactivation dialog box 4 Inthe a deactivation dialog box click Deactivate On the computer to which you want to transfer the license start Flir Tools Tools As soon as the computer gets Internet access the license will be automatically adopted oo on Note The adoption of licenses is based on a first come first serve concept This means that the first com puter that gets Internet access automatically adopts the transferred license 7 4 Activating additional software modules 7 4 1 General For some software you can purchase additional modules from Flir Systems Before your can use the module you need to activate it 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 13 Managing licenses 7 4 2 Figure License Yiewer a fl X Manufacturer FLIR Systems Company Evaluation Version H Installation Codes Modules Main module available License is valid until 2012 10 03 Advanced trigger settings available Export available Advanced export available Ha Multi camera streaming available Image processing Process filters available Image processing Image filters available HSDR not available Boe Upgrades supported not availabl
162. tLe E Lil Cursor Min 26 3 Max 91 4 Avo 56 3 Bar color Background To change the color of the table background select a new color from the drop down list box and click Apply Plot Area To change the color of the plot area select a new color from the drop down list box and click Apply Text To change the color of the table text select a new color from the drop down list box and click Apply Axes To change the color of the axes select a new color from the drop down list box and click Apply Grid To change the color of the grid lines select a new color from the drop down list box and click Apply T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 93 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment Threshold To change the color of the threshold select a new color from the drop down list box and click Apply Limit To change the color of the limit select a new color from the drop down list box and click Apply Bar color To change the color of the bar color select a new color from the drop down list box and click Apply 18 4 10 5 3 Measurement Objects tab Histogram Settings General Colors Measurement Objects Use the check boxes to specify which line that you want to connect the IR Histogram ob ject to and click Apply 18 4 10 6 Trending Settings dialog box The Trending Settings dialog box is displayed when you right click an IR Trending object and select Settings from the shortcut menu 1559600
163. the Annotations tab gt Sketch see section 18 4 10 2 3 Annotations tab page 83 Zoom Click 1x 2x 4x or 8x on the Zoom menu to zoom in on the currently displayed image Settings Click to open the Image Settings dialog box see section 18 4 10 2 Image Set tings dialog box page 77 Image Fusion Click to open the mage Fusion dialog box see section 18 4 10 7 Image Fusion dialog box page 98 Rotate Right Click to rotate the image 90 to the right Rotate Left Click to rotate the image 90 to the left Formulas Click to open the Formula dialog box see section 18 4 10 8 Formula dialog box page 99 18 4 2 3 IR Viewer toolbar The IR Viewer object toolbar is displayed when an IR Viewer object is selected Note When the grid is turned on you need to click the IR Viewer object outside the grid e g near the tem perature scale to display the IR Viewer object toolbar Click i to display the selection tool which works similarly to selection tools in word processing and desktop publishing programs You use the selection tool to select meas urement tools Click Ea to display a spotmeter with an attached flag that you can use to identify tem perature values by moving it over the infrared image If you click the image the flying spotmeter tool will create a fixed spotmeter on the image To stop the flying spotmeter mode press ESC Click to create fixed spotmeters on infrared images The measurement result can th
164. the almost insignif icant amount of radiant emittance occurs at 38 um in the extreme infrared wavelengths Figure 26 6 Planckian curves plotted on semi log scales from 100 K to 1000 K The dotted line represents the locus of maximum radiant emittance at each temperature as described by Wien s displacement law 1 Spectral radiant emittance W cm2 um 2 Wavelength um 26 3 3 Stefan Boltzmann s law By integrating Planck s formula from A 0 to A we obtain the total radiant emittance Wp of a blackbody W oT Watt m This is the Stefan Boltzmann formula after Josef Stefan 1835 1893 and Ludwig Boltz mann 1844 1906 which states that the total emissive power of a blackbody is propor tional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature Graphically Wp represents the area below the Planck curve for a particular temperature It can be shown that the radiant emittance in the interval A O to Amax is only 25 of the total which represents about the amount of the sun s radiation which lies inside the visible light spectrum T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 129 26 Theory of thermography Figure 26 7 Josef Stefan 1835 1893 and Ludwig Boltzmann 1844 1906 Using the Stefan Boltzmann formula to calculate the power radiated by the human body at a temperature of 300 K and an external surface area of approx 2 m2 we obtain 1 kW This power loss could not be sustained if it were not for the compensatin
165. the imagesheet as a PDF file 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 42 17 Creating reports 17 1 General You can create a report on one or more images in your folders The reports are saved in Adobe PDF format To download the free reader go to http www adobe com products reader For Flir Tools reports can also be generated as Microsoft Word documents Advanced analysis can then be carried out using the Flir Tools features in Microsoft Word 17 2 Figure F L i R Click to add header T2910 10 42 10 31 10 Parameters Emissivity Refl temp Distance Relative humidity Atmospheric temperature Transmission IR window temperature IR window transmission Ls IR_0168 jpg 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 43 17 Creating reports 17 3 Procedure setting a default report template Follow this procedure 1 2 On the Library tab click This will display the available report templates Word Report templates Building Pro FUR My Building Electrical Pro IR with JMR dotx Template dote Template dotk Standard 1 iR 2 dott Trend dott PDF Report templates Right click a report template and click Set as default report template 17 4 Procedure PDF reports Follow this procedure 1 2 3 4 5 On the Library tab select the image or images that you want to include in your report Right click the image or images and select Create report Under Page setup on the r
166. the standard Microsoft Word feature Contents Click to open the Field Contents dialog box see section 18 2 1 5 Field objects page 50 Refresh Click to refresh the Field object contents You usually only have to do this if you have changed the contents manually T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 74 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 18 4 8 Table object 18 4 8 1 General A Table object displays the results of the measurement tools laid out in the infrared im age as well as other information that is related to the infrared image You can edit the text in the Table object once the report is created However these changes will be deleted when you right click the Table object and select Refresh Max Temperature 70 0 C 18 4 8 2 Table object shortcut menu The Table object shortcut menu is displayed when right clicking a Table object Borders and Shading Spelling Contents Refresh Borders and Shading Click to open the standard Microsoft Word feature Spelling Click to open the standard Microsoft Word feature Contents Click to open the Table Contents dialog box see section 18 2 1 6 Table ob jects page 51 Refresh Click to refresh the Table object contents You usually only have to do this if you have changed the contents manually 18 4 9 Summary Table object 18 4 9 1 General A Summary Table object lists infrared data of your choice from all infrared images in the repor
167. tically displays a trend for all IR Viewer objects in the report once the report is created You can also manually move images to the IR Trending object using a drag and drop operation Inserting IR Trending objects 1 On your template page place the cursor where you want the IR Trending object to ap pear The object will be inserted after and below the cursor 2 On the Flir Tools tab click Wa IR Trending An empty object will now appear on the page and the Trending Settings dialog box will open if the dialog box does not open right click the object and select Settings Trending Settings ee ea er ee i IOMAJ X AXIS ie Time Image sequence number W Text Comment 3 On the Connect tab do the following 1 Specify a parameter for the Y axis To do this click Add and select a label and val ue in the left and right panes respectively 2 Specify a parameter for the X axis Time Image sequence number or Text Comment 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 49 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment On the General tab do the following 1 Under General select options related to how the IR Trending object will be displayed 2 Under Trend range select which images should be included in the IR Trending object 3 Inthe Threshold text box enter a value that will display a horizontal baseline in the IR Trending object On the Prediction tab do the following 1 Under Forecast select the number of pe
168. ties of the objects as described in section 18 2 Managing ob jects in the report page 48 8 Save the new infrared report template Make sure that you save the template with the dotx file name extension O O1 Create a report template from a blank Microsoft Word template 1 Start Microsoft Word but make sure that all infrared reports are closed 2 On the File tab click New 3 Under Available Templates select My templates 4 Onthe Personal Templates tab select Blank Document Under Create New select Template Click OK Create your report template by adding and removing objects and by modifying the properties of the objects as described in section 18 2 Managing objects in the report page 48 7 Save the new infrared report template Make sure that you save the template with the dotx file name extension Oo 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 47 Working in the Microsoft Word environment 18 2 Managing objects in the report When you create a report based on a report template objects are automatically inserted as placeholders for infrared images digital photos tables and fields on the report pages You can also insert objects and modify their properties after you have launched the re port in Microsoft Word as described in the sections below When you create your own report templates see section 18 1 Creating a report template page 46 you insert objects and define their properties according to the sections
169. ting heat radiation capable of detecting the heat from a person standing three meters away The first so called heat picture became possible in 1840 the result of work by Sir John Herschel son of the discoverer of the infrared and a famous astronomer in his own right Based upon the differential evaporation of a thin film of oil when exposed to a heat pat tern focused upon it the thermal image could be seen by reflected light where the inter ference effects of the oil film made the image visible to the eye Sir John also managed to obtain a primitive record of the thermal image on paper which he called a thermograph 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 124 25 History of infrared technology Figure 25 4 Samuel P Langley 1834 1906 The improvement of infrared detector sensitivity progressed slowly Another major break through made by Langley in 1880 was the invention of the bolometer This consisted of a thin blackened strip of platinum connected in one arm of a Wheatstone bridge circuit upon which the infrared radiation was focused and to which a sensitive galvanometer re sponded This instrument is said to have been able to detect the heat from a cow at a distance of 400 meters An English scientist Sir James Dewar first introduced the use of liquefied gases as cool ing agents such as liquid nitrogen with a temperature of 196 C 320 8 F in low tem perature research In 1892 he invented a unique vac
170. two methods Figure 24 3 1 Reflection source Note Using a thermocouple to measure reflected apparent temperature is not recommended for two impor tant reasons e A thermocouple does not measure radiation intensity e A thermocouple requires a very good thermal contact to the surface usually by gluing and covering the sensor by a thermal isolator 24 2 1 1 2 Method 2 Reflector method Follow this procedure 1 2 3 Crumble up a large piece of aluminum foil Uncrumble the aluminum foil and attach it to a piece of cardboard of the same size Put the piece of cardboard in front of the object you want to measure Make sure that the side with aluminum foil points to the camera Set the emissivity to 1 0 Measure the apparent temperature of the aluminum foil and write it down WITT Figure 24 4 Measuring the apparent temperature of the aluminum foil T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 120 Thermographic measurement techniques 24 2 1 2 Step 2 Determining the emissivity Follow this procedure 1 Select a place to put the sample 2 Determine and set reflected apparent temperature according to the previous procedure Put a piece of electrical tape with known high emissivity on the sample Heat the sample at least 20 K above room temperature Heating must be reasonably even Focus and auto adjust the camera and freeze the image Adjust Level and Span for best image brightness and contrast Set emissivity to
171. uick Insert dialog box page 76 18 4 10 1 1 Customize Quick Insert dialog box The Customize Quick Insert dialog box is displayed when you click Customize Quick In sert in the Quickinsert dialog box 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 76 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment Customize Quick Insert Mame Qi4 Size Number of rows Number of columns Contents A B Ml Add result table Cancel Name The name of the page layout you are currently creating Size gt Number of rows The number of rows in the page layout Example One infrared image above one photo equals two rows Size gt Number of columns The number of columns in the page layout Example One in frared image next to one photo equals two columns Contents A visual representation of the page layout The numbers refer to the rows and the capital letters refer to the columns Merge When checked Merge will merge two horizontal items into one single item Note that the Merge command prioritizes the first item in a row D Click L to open a dialog box where you can connect or link two objects Add a result table To add a result table below your page layout select this box 18 4 10 2 Image Settings dialog box The Image Settings dialog box is displayed when you right click an IR Viewer object and select Settings from the shortcut menu 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 77 18 Working in the Microsoft Word envir
172. urn on off the grid lines in the graph of the IR Profile object 18 4 5 IR Histogram object 18 4 5 1 General An IR Histogram object contains a graph illustrating how pixels in the image are distrib uted by plotting the number of pixels at each temperature level 23 1 23 4 E Lil Min 18 7 Max 22 5 Average 21 0 18 4 5 2 IR Histogram object shortcut menu The IR Histogram object shortcut menu is displayed when right clicking an IR Histogram object x Grid lines ov Legend 3D View Swap X A Y Axes Settings Grid Lines Click to display a grid of horizontal lines in the IR Histogram object Legend Click to display a legend below the IR Histogram object 3D View Click to create a three dimensional rendering of the graph of the IR Histogram object T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 72 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment Swap X amp Y Axes Click to swap the X and Y axes of the IR Histogram object Settings Click to open the Histogram Settings dialog box see section 18 4 10 5 Histo gram Settings dialog box page 92 18 4 5 3 IR Histogram toolbar The IR Histogram object toolbar is displayed when an IR Histogram object is selected Click bre to create a three dimensional rendering of the graph of the IR Histogram object Click a to turn on turn off colors in the graph of the IR Histogram object Click to turn on turn off the grid lines in the graph of the IR Histogram object Click to use a b
173. usion from the shortcut menu Image Fusion 1 Reference Point 2 reference Point 3 Open Photo Clear Open IR Image Click to select an infrared image T559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 98 18 Working in the Microsoft Word environment View Full Image Click to view the full image Ref 1 Click to zoom in on crosshair Ref 7 Ref 2 Click to zoom in on crosshair Ref 2 Ref 3 Click to zoom in on crosshair Ref 3 Open Photo Click to select a digital photo Black and White Check to display the digital photo in grayscale Clear Click to remove the digital photo Interval Select this option to use one temperature interval for the infrared image and to use the digital photo for lower and higher temperatures Enter the desired temperature values in the corresponding text boxes You can adjust the temperature levels by drag ging the sliders in the IR Viewer object once you have closed the dialog box Blending Select this option to blend the image from a mix of infrared pixels and digital photo pixels You can adjust the mixing levels by dragging the sliders in the IR Viewer ob ject once you have closed the dialog box Picture in Picture PiP Select this option to display a portion of a digital photo as an in frared image In the IR Viewer object you can then move and resize the PIP anywhere in the photo to show the level of detail that you want in your report Multi Spectral Dynamic Imaging MSX Select this option t
174. uum insulating container in which it is possible to store liquefied gases for entire days The common thermos bottle used for storing hot and cold drinks is based upon his invention Between the years 1900 and 1920 the inventors of the world discovered the infrared Many patents were issued for devices to detect personnel artillery aircraft ships and even icebergs The first operating systems in the modern sense began to be developed during the 1914 18 war when both sides had research programs devoted to the military exploitation of the infrared These programs included experimental systems for enemy intrusion detection remote temperature sensing secure communications and flying tor pedo guidance An infrared search system tested during this period was able to detect an approaching airplane at a distance of 1 5 km 0 94 miles or a person more than 300 meters 984 ft away The most sensitive systems up to this time were all based upon variations of the bolome ter idea but the period between the two wars saw the development of two revolutionary new infrared detectors the image converter and the photon detector At first the image converter received the greatest attention by the military because it enabled an observer for the first time in history to literally see in the dark However the sensitivity of the im age converter was limited to the near infrared wavelengths and the most interesting mili tary t
175. very was made accidentally during the search for a new optical material Sir William Herschel Royal Astronomer to King George III of England and already famous for his discovery of the planet Uranus was searching for an optical filter material to re duce the brightness of the sun s image in telescopes during solar observations While testing different samples of colored glass which gave similar reductions in brightness he was intrigued to find that some of the samples passed very little of the sun s heat while others passed so much heat that he risked eye damage after only a few seconds observation Herschel was soon convinced of the necessity of setting up a systematic experiment with the objective of finding a single material that would give the desired reduction in brightness as well as the maximum reduction in heat He began the experiment by ac tually repeating Newton s prism experiment but looking for the heating effect rather than the visual distribution of intensity in the spectrum He first blackened the bulb of a sensi tive mercury in glass thermometer with ink and with this as his radiation detector he pro ceeded to test the heating effect of the various colors of the spectrum formed on the top of a table by passing sunlight through a glass prism Other thermometers placed outside the sun s rays served as controls As the blackened thermometer was moved slowly along the colors of the spectrum the temperature read
176. vice Microsoft Windows Vista Windows 7 and Windows 8 e Personal computer with a 1 GHz 32 bit x86 processor e 1GBof RAM e 40 GB hard disk with at least 15 GB of available hard disk space e DVD ROM drive e Support for DirectX 9 graphics with e WDDM driver e 128 MB of graphics memory minimum e Pixel Shader 2 0 in hardware e 32 bits per pixel e SVGA 1024 x 768 monitor or higher resolution e Internet access fees may apply e Audio output e Keyboard and mouse or a compatible pointing device 5 2 Installation of Flir Tools Tools 5 2 1 Windows XP installation Note Before you install Flir Tools Tools do the following 1 Close all programs 2 Uninstall any previous versions of Flir Tools Tools 3 Uninstall any drivers and language packs related to Flir Tools Tools 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US Installation 5 2 1 1 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Insert the Flir Tools Tools installation CD DVD into the CD DVD drive The installa tion should start automatically If the installation does not start automatically follow this procedure 1 Double click My Computer on the Desktop 2 Right click the CD DVD drive and click Explore 3 Double click SETUP EXE 4 Go to Step 2 below 2 Flir Tools Tools requires some prerequisites If they are not already installed on your computer click OK when asked if you want to install the software 3 Flir Tools Tools requires Micros
177. witches between the high sensitiv ity range and the low sensitivity range to maintain an optimal infrared image while at the same time maintaining a safe and consistent colorization of heat e Automatic range e Colorization of heat 250 to 650 C 482 to 1202 F e High sensitivity range 20 to 150 C 4 to 302 F e Low sensitivity range 0 to 650 C 32 to 1202 F 20 7 4 4 Search and rescue mode Figure 20 4 Search and rescue mode The search and rescue mode is optimized for maintaining high contrast in the infrared image while searching for people in landscapes buildings or traffic accident scenes e High sensitivity range only e Colorization of heat 100 to 150 C 212 to 302 F e High sensitivity range 20 to 150 C 4 to 302 F 1559600 r AB 8669 8669 en US 109 20 Changing settings 20 7 4 5 Heat detection mode Figure 20 5 Heat detection mode The heat detection mode is optimized for searching hotspots during overhaul after the fire is out typically to ensure that there is no hidden fire left This mode can also be used to find thermal patterns for example signs of people in car seats after accidents to ensure that everyone has been found This mode can also be used to search for people in water and open landscapes e High sensitivity range only e Colorization of heat the 2 hottest area in the scene e High sensitivity range 100 to 150 C 212 to 302 F
178. y trend lines in the legend that you have cleared on theLine tab 3D View Click to create a three dimensional rendering of the graph of the IR Trending object Swap X amp Y Axes Click to swap the X and Y axes of the IR Trending object All To include all images for the trend select the A option button Items To include a range of adjacent or non adjacent images click mages and select the images that you want to include Threshold To display a horizontal baseline in the IR Trending object enter a value 18 4 10 6 3 Prediction tab Trending Settings Forecast Forward Feriods Backward Periods Trend Reqression type S None e Polynomial i Order Linear Moving average Periods W Logarithmic Power Exponential i Display equation on chart Ml Display R squared value on chart Sok cancel Forward To specify the number of periods forward for which the algorithms will present a probable trend select a value in the Forward box Note The probable trend is a mathematical approximation only Backward To specify the number of periods backward for which the algorithms will present a probable trend select a value in the Backward box Note The probable trend is a mathematical approximation only None To disable Trend Regression type select None Linear To use a linear trending algorithm select Linear This algorithm uses the following mathematical expression y m x X C Logar

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