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Performance test EVK with external FEM

1. I Peer Identify 5 Peer node identifies itself by blinking its LEDs E Energy Scan To do energy scan for all channels U Continuous To enable disable continuous transmission on the current channel Transmission D Continuous Wave To enable disable continuous wave pulse mode from the radio Pulse transceiver V Sensor Data To read the sensor data in voltage and temperature H Read Write To read or write any register set from the radio transceiver Atmel Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 12 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 3 1 3 2 Hardware setup for adding external FEM This section describes the hardware mapping required for controlling external FEM module Example custom board considered in this document includes Atmel s RCB256RFR2 3 on Sensor Terminal Board platform STB 4 and Skywork s SE2431L EK1 board 5 Both the RCB256RFR2 and SE2431L EK1 boards are powered by the PC through USB interface on Sensor Terminal Board Logical control checklist Table 3 1 provides the list logical controls options available in the SE2431L 6 chip It is always recommended to refer the logical control table available on the other external FEM datasheet ATmega256RFRe chip has DIG1 2 3 4 control lines which are automatically switched to control Antenna selection and RX TX selection based on the transceiver
2. External FEM controls define FEM INIT FEM DDR _BV CSD _BV CPS define FEM ENABLE FEM PORT _BV CSD BV CPS define FEM DISABLE FEM PORT 0 lt lt CSD 0 CPS Example application uses a custom power table xf Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 21 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 Note ifdef EXT RF FRONT END CTRL define CUSTOM PWR TABLE define CUSTOM DEFAULT TX PWR endif Value of an external LNA gain Tf no external LNA is available the value is 0 define EXT LNA HIGH GAIN 14 7 c RSSI BASE VAL based on External LNA Gain x define PAL RSSI BASE VAL RSSI BASE VAL DBM EXT LNA HIGH GAIN ifdef CUSTOM DEFAULT TX PWR Default value of transmit power of transceiver Preset definition acct IEEE802 15 4 PHY PIB attribute phyTransmitPower TX Pout init value based on validation f define TAL TRANSMIT POWER DEFAULT TX PWR TOLERANCE 0x14 fendif Default tx power for Ch26 to meet FCC compliance ay define DEFAULT_TX_POWER_CH26 0x80 0x0d Values defined in this section vary based on the specification of external FEM So refer to the FEM datasheet and choose the values accordingly 43 TAL layer File C Atmel MAC_v_2_8 0 TAL ATMEGARFRA Inc atmega256rfr2 h Add Note Add Note
3. 0 Enabled Desensitization Disabled TX Power 3 dBm Transceiver For changing TX power of the radio transceiver Allows the user to enter TX power in absolute dBm values or TX PWR register values 11 Atmel Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 A Auto ACK Disabled To enable disable auto ACK request F Retransmission Disabled I To enable disable auto re transmission for no ACK packet M CSMA Enabled To enable disable CSMA functionality for TX Y Antenna Enabled To toggle the antenna diversity mode on the node connected to the Diversity PC FEM control Enabled To enable disable external FEM Option added in this example for controlling external FEM Table 2 2 Description for Sub menu Transceiver State Selection 2 Comment Menu Functionalities l Default Value ll EIo X Desensitization Disabled Toggling Receiver Desensitization NES E S RESET Allow the us
4. e Inthe Hardware Installation dialog click Continue Anyway and the installation will proceed refer Figure 2 3 e t might ask for second time please click Continue Anyway again e Once the driver installation is completed check whether it is enumerated as SensTermBoard in the Computer Management gt Device Manager Ports refer Figure 2 4 e Steady glow of LED2 besides the USB port indicates the successful installation of the STB driver Atmel Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 4 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 Atmel Figure 2 2 STB Driver path selection Found New Hardware Wizard Welcome to the Found New Hardware Wizard This wizard helps you install software for SensTemBoard Kf your hardware came with an installation CD Q or floppy disk insert it now What do you want the wizard to do O Install the software automatically Recommended Install from a list or specific location Advanced Click Next to continue Please choose your search and installation options Search for the best driver in these locations Use the check boxes below to limit or expand the default search which includes local paths and removable media The best driver found will be installed C Search removable media floppy CD ROM Include this location in the search MAC v 2 8 0 PAL Board Utis STB USB v Dont search will choose the driver to install Choose this o
5. 8 re ress any key to continue iv Note Above configured settings may not be suitable for real world applications because acknowledgement frame retires and CSMA CA algorithm are required for guaranteed frame delivery So choosing a particular configuration purely depends on the requirement of the end application PER calculator As per the IEEE 802 15 4 specification Packet Error Rate 15 is defined as the average fraction of transmitted packets that are not correctly received And receiver sensitivity 15 is defined as the threshold input signal power measure at antenna terminals that yields a 196 PER for a PSDU length of 20 bytes in a controlled environment where external Interference is not present e f counting of frames with wrong CRC on remote node is enabled then Packet Error Rate PER calculation is PER Number of frames received with Wrong CRC Number of received frames e f counting of frames with wrong CRC on remote node is disabled and CSMA is enabled on transmitter node then Packet Error Rate PER calculation is PER z Number of transmitted frames Number of channel access failures Number of received frames Number of received frames e f counting of frames with wrong CRC on remote node is disabled and CSMA is disabled on transmitter node then Packet Error Rate PER calculation is PER Number of transmitted frames Number of received frames Number of received frames Scripting Small
6. MCU_Wireless ATmega256RFR2 ATmega128RFR2 ATmega64RFR2_Datasheet pdf RF cable www farnell com datasheets 8071 1 pdf FCC Code of Federal Register CFR Part 47 Section 15 35 Section 15 205 Section 15 209 Section 15 231 Section 15 247 and Section 15 249 United States ETSI EN 300 328 Electromagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters ERM Wideband Transmission Systems Data transmission equipment operating in the 2 4GHz ISM band and using spread spectrum modulation techniques Part 1 3 IEEE Std 802 15 4 2006 Wireless Medium Access Control MAC and Physical Layer PHY Specifications for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks LR WPANSs FAQ www support atmel no bin customer exe amp actionzviewKbCategory amp id 144 Tera Term version 4 77 http ttssh2 sourceforge jp 8 Revision History Doc Rev Date Commenis 42140A 06 2013 Initial document release Atmel Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 32 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 Altmel enabling Unlimited Possibilities Atmel Corporation Atmel Asia Limited Atmel Munich GmbH Atmel Japan G K 1600 Technology Drive Unit 01 5 amp 16 19F Business Campus 16F Shin Osaki Kangyo Bldg San Jose CA 95110 BEA Tower Millennium City 5 Parkring 4 1 6 4 Osaki Shinagawa ku USA 418 Kwun Tong Road D 85748 Garching b Munich Tokyo 141 0032 Tel 1 408 441 0311 Kwun Tong Kowloon GERMANY JAPAN Fax 1 408 487 2600 HON
7. lumber of received frames 99 average LQI 255 average RSSI 24 dBm 5 2 7 1 Maximizing throughput It shall be possible to configure different settings for maximizing application level throughput Below example result was configured for the below settings ACK request Disabled Frame retries Disabled CSMA Disabled Configure maximum Frame length i e 127 bytes 5 Testresults are shown in Figure 5 6 Pon gt Refer the FAQ Achieving maximum throughput using High data rate modes 16 for detailed test results Atmel Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 29 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 5 2 7 2 Figure 5 6 Increasing data rate on PER Measurement mode E iiLLLLLLLLL A dd E ALA A L AA Ee Il Tera Term COM2 VT ao File Edit Setup Control Window Help oftware Uersion 4 8 l erformance test application lt ATmega256RFR2 FEM E ain and Sub menu 3 PER Test Configuration lt N Number of test frames i808 lt L Frame length lt PSDU gt 127 lt Q Diversity settings on remote node Z5 CRC settings on remote node gt Leave sub menu Ede Start test ransmitting Wait until test is completed Done est result s ransmitted frames 100 Anvatid frames 8 et data rate 231 88 kbit esults from RX node lumber of received frames 18080 average LQI 255 average RSSI 24 dBm 8 lumber of received frames with wrong CRC
8. Atmel Constant PA_EXT_enable for sub register SR_PA_EXT_EN define PA_EXT_ENABLE 1 Constant PA_EXT_disable for sub register SR_PA_EXT_EN define PA_EXT_DISABLE 0 Preferably next to define SR PA EXT EN 0x144 0x80 7 Constant ANT CTRL 0 for sub register SR ANT CTRL in register RG ANT DIV define ANT CTRL O 0 Constant ANT CTRL 1 for sub register SR ANT CTRL in register RG ANT DIV define ANT CTRL 1 1 Constant ANT L 2 for sub register SR ANT CTRL in register RG ANT DIV define ANT CTRL 2 2 Constant ANT CTRL 3 for sub register SR ANT CTRL in register RG ANT DIV define ANT CTRL 3 3 Preferably next to define SR ANT SEL 0x14D 0x80 7 Q H Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 22 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 File C Atmel MAC_v_2_8_0 TAL ATMEGARFRa Inc ial_constants h Add Note ifndef CUSTOM DEFAULT TX PWR Default value of transmit power of transceiver Use highest tx power y define TAL TRANSMIT POWER DEFAULT TX PWR TOLERANCE 0x04 endif Enclose define TAL TRANSMIT POWER DEFAULT within the ifndef CUSTOM DEFAULT TX PWR condition File CAAtmel MAC v 2 8 OTAL ATMEGARFR2SrcVal init c Function retval_t tal reset bool set default pib Add Note ifdef EXT RF FRONT END CTRL Re initialize
9. D Transmit a continuous wave pulse on current channel XU Get sensor data i e supply voltage and temperature lt H Read Write Transceiver Registers lt Leave sub menu Enter continuous transmission mode lt C Continuous Wave mode P Pseudo Random Binary Sequence mode ontinuous Wave CW transmission on channel 11 S5MHz gt Press any key to cancel continuous transmission v 7 References DD OV Atmel IEEE 802 15 4 MAC stack www atmel com tools IEEE802_15_4MAC aspx AVR2025 IEEE 802 15 4 MAC Software Package User Guide www atmel com tools IEEE802 15 4MAC aspx tab documents Atmel AVR10004 RCB256RFR2 Hardware User Manual www atmel com Images Atmel 42081 RCB256RFR2 Hardware User Manual_Application Note_AVR10004 pdf Atmel AVR2063 Sensor Terminal Board Hardware User s Manual www atmel com Images doc8359 pdf SE2431L EK1 www skyworksinc com Product aspx ProductID 933 SE2431L www skyworksinc com uploads documents SE2431L 202410B pdf SE2438T www skyworksinc com uploads documents SE2438T 202476A pdf Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 31 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 10 11 12 13 15 16 RC6505 www rfmd com CS Documents RF6505DS pdf RC6575 www rfmd com CS Documents RF6575DS pdf RC6555 www rfmd com CS Documents RF6555DS pdf ATmega256RFR2 datasheet revision B updated 02 2013 www atmel com Images Atmel 8393
10. Enabling Disabling FEM cretam reiten tee 25 5 1 5 Continuous transmission selection ssssseeeees 26 5 1 6 Transceiver state selection sse 26 5 1 7 Energy scan on all channels trm 27 5 2 Peerimode test ue tse Rete terrd etx Fare bis is epe PO Uu Lir spin dve sect 27 5 2 1 Channel page selection essen 27 5 2 2 Nuinber ortestIlalTies eo uitio p Eee pite pi tto habet ea 28 5 2 3 Frame length Selection cccceccceeeeececeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeess 28 5 2 4 Diversity settings on remote NOGGC essccecesereeeteeeeeneseeeeeresenes 28 5 2 5 CRC settings on remote node ecceeeceeeseceteeeeeeeteaeeeeaeeeeaeeneeeetee 28 526 SLAIN MOS bicep sceecececeseccteccsevecedceca a EAER 28 527 Analyzing TESUITS a coire ot onera repere oni ER e Ex ere RIEN tacit EEAS E 28 5 27 1 Maximizing throughput 29 5 2 7 2 PER cale latot iuit retten pete 30 NES Dejo anaana ET TREES 30 CEBIT uit TREE 31 MEL eMule OO tO 32 Atmel Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 2 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 Introduction This document shall guide the user through the usage of default performance test example application in Atmel IEEE 802 15 4 MAC stack 1 and along with example procedure for modifying the default Performance test EVK application to support a custom board with ATmega256RFR2 and SE2431L 6 ch
11. FEM GPIO controls after reset FEM INIT dendif Add before return MAC SUCCESS File CAAtmehMAC v 2 8 O TAL ATMEGARFR2 Sre tal_pib c Add Note ifdef CUSTOM PWR TABLE If a customized powr table is used the power table gets defined within the pal board c file xy extern FLASH DECLARE int8 t tx pwr table 16 else Translation table converting register values to power levels dBm y FLASH DECLARE int8 t tx pwr table 16 Ay JF 3 5 d f S3 Sy PROBES E 2 YE Qed FF Apo of Leg F7 ls 12 2 7 0 0 5 Sy usu AT Zy fale Ss Ef cO c oA f c4 u gU 3b 47 cy fe A5 Wy cce FY Qy qoe emu 12 11 5 17 16 5 endif Enclose FLASH_DECLARE int8_t tx_pwr_table 16 with ifdef CUSTOM PWR TABLE condition If the custom board uses other external FEM module then customer shall be required to change the FEM specific defines on the PAL Layer files Atmel Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 23 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 5 PER measurement mode EVK After the software modification build the project press F7 and flash ATmega256RFR2 new binary image Refer section 2 6 for getting started with PER measurement mode test Below sections addresses the significances of various options in Single node and Peer mode tests 5 1 Single node test Single node tests can be used during FCC 13 ETSI 14
12. STB pin I2C SDA X4 connector Atmel Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 13 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 DIG3 PGO On STB pin PB6 X3 connector DIG1 PG1 ANTSEL On STB pin PB7 X3 connector 1 Please note that GPIO controls pins PDO and PD1 chosen for this example have the alternate function as 12C interface Please choose different GPIO control pins if the design requires 12C interface For this example reference board it shall required to have wires for connecting between the RCB256RFR2 and SE2431L EK1 board and atleast two SMA RF cable part number R284C0351054 12 e One RF cable for connecting the RF output from RCB256RFRe to the RF input of SE2431L EK1 refer Figure 3 2 e Andanother RF cable for performing conducted measurement tests using RF instruments like Spectrum analyzer Also it might be required to have two SMA antennas for ANT1 and ANT2 connectors Figure 3 1 RCB256RFR2 STB board and SE2431L EK1 board 00 250 0278 erminal Board b3 8 i ERSSERRRS BERBER ILLO Oc oc Y Y y Y Y Y TR RF Input Connector SE2431L EK1 f Ant 2 4 Anti Atmel Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 14 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 Figure 3 2 Hardware setup of RCB256RFR2 STB SE2431L EK1 RF Output connector RCB256RFR2 ene TR RF Input connector Sensor Terminal Boar
13. disabled lt W Tx power 20 dBm TX_PWR 6x8 gt X95 Antenna diversity enabled lt gt Toggle FEM control enabled lt Leave sub menu 2 Enter channel 11 26 gt and press Enter Software Uersion 4 8 Performance test application ATmega256RFR2 FEM Sub menu lt i gt Transceiver Conf iguration lt C Channel 11 lt P gt Channel page 35 Receiver Desensitization disabled CW Tx power 20 dBm TX_PWR x8 gt lt gt Antenna diversity enabled lt gt Toggle FEM control enabled lt Leave sub menu Enter transmit power value lt A Absolute value in dBm R TX PUR register value Enter transmit power value Cin Reg value e g x 5 gt x Software Version 4 6 Performance test application ATmega256RFR2 FEM Sub menu lt i gt Transceiver Conf iguration lt C Channel 11 lt P gt Channel page 35 Receiver Desensitization disabled CW Tx power 4 dBm TX_PWR xf gt lt gt Antenna diversity enabled Xi Toggle FEM control enabled N lt gt Leave sub menu Software Version 4 0 Performance test application ATmega256RFR2 FEM ain menu 1 Transceiver Configuration 2 Transceiver State Selection S Service Functions Software Uersion 4 8 Performance test application ATmega256RFR2 FEM Sub menu 35 Service Functions XE Energy scan on all channels U gt Continuous transmission on current channel lt
14. example scripting file is attached along with the application note for running performance test application It is based on Tera Term 16 serial interface on PC Open Tera Term and select the COM port on with STB is enumerated Open tera term gt Control gt Macro gt Open the performance test evaluation script ttl file This script will set the device on channel 11 configure TX PWR register to OxOF and start continuous transmission mode as shown in Figure 6 1 Please go to Tera Term gt Help for additional information on scripting Atmel Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 30 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 Figure 6 1 Tera Term output on running the example script W COM2 9600baud Tera Term VT fx File Edit Setup Control Window Help Character received on UART PER Measurement mode press ENTER to Abort Search for Peer Device and to start single node operation m ode Search for Peer device initiated Search for Peer Device aborted Starting Performance Test Application in single node operation mode Software Version 4 0 Performance test application ATmega256RFR2 FEM jain menu lt i gt Transceiver Configuration lt 2 gt Transceiver State Selection Sig Service Functions Software Version 4 6 Performance test application ATmega256RFR2 FEM Sub menu lt i gt Transceiver Conf iguration lt C Channel 21 lt P gt Channel page X35 Receiver Desensitization
15. ig Human Interface Devices IDE ATA ATAPI controllers Ky IEEE 1394 Bus host controllers Imaging devices B Jungo Ye Keyboards 1S Mice and other pointing devices Modems Monitors Network adapters Hg 1394 Net Adapter 2 Bi Broadcom NetXtreme 57xx Gigabit Controller Bill Cisco Systems VPN Adapter Bg Intel R WiFi Link 5300 AGN PCMCIA adapters Personal Identification Devices Ports COM amp LPT Bluetooth Communications Port COM4 x Communications Port COM 1 P Printer P LPT1 nter Do ay SensorTermBoard COM3 JJ SensTermBoard COM2Z Processors EJ Secure Digital host controllers Sound video and game controllers System devices Universal Serial Bus controllers H A H Dot FF Tera Term 16 is used as example for terminal interface And configure the Baud Rate Data Parity Stop Flow control settings as 9600 8 None 1 None respectively for the enumerated COM port Note Open Tera Term gt Setup gt Serial port 2 2 Programming interface The firmware has to be loaded using JTAG interface As RCB256RFR2 board does not have on board JTAG interface we need to have Sensor Terminal Board STB for programming the firmware as shown in Figure 2 5 Note Default Binary image Custom board can also be designed to have this programming header on the same base board itself WMAC v 2 8 OMpplications TAL ExamplesWPerformance Test EVKMATMEGA256RFR2 RCB 6 3 2 SENS T
16. to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this document and reserves the right to make changes to specifications and products descriptions at any time without notice Atmel does not make any commitment to update the information contained herein Unless specifically provided otherwise Atmel products are not suitable for and shall not be used in automotive applications Atmel products are not intended authorized or warranted for use as components in applications intended to support or sustain life
17. 8 Initializing Range measurement transmitter Tera Term COM3 VT Joe File Edit Setup Control Window Help Key press detected Range Measurement mode Search for Peer device initiated Peer device found Starting TX in Range Measurement mode The node connected to the TX node over RF link will display print as shown in Figure 2 9 This node receives the packets and calls itself the RX node Figure 2 9 Initializing Range measurement receiver El Tera Term COM2 VT la EX Fie Edit Setup Control Window Help Frames received on air Range Measurement mode Peer device found On input of any character in the serial interface prints the statistics of the frames received and frames sent as shown in Figure 2 10 And the frames from RX node are zero always because frames are sent only by the TX node But two way communications can be activated if the button is pressed on both the RX node Now any input of character in serial interface prints the statistics of the frames sent by both TX node and RX node as shown in Figure 2 11 Figure 2 10 One way communication for Range measurement Tera Term COM3 VT Fie Edit Setup Control Window Help Key press detected Range Measurement mode Search for Peer device initiated Peer device found Starting TX in Range Measurement mode o of Frames T8 12 Frames Frames Frames Frames Frames Frames Frames Atmel Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External F
18. 88 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 28 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 7 Netdata rate achieved 8 Link Quality Indicator LQI 9 Received Signal Strength Indicator RSSI 10 Example screenshot is shown in Figure 3 25 Figure 5 4 PER Measurement mode results on Transmitter node Tera Term COM2 VT iml File Edit Setup Control Window Help haracter received on UART PER Measurement mode ress ENTER to Abort Search for Peer Device and to start single node operation niii e earch for Peer device initiated eer device found Starting PER Measurement mode as Transmitter oftware Uersion 4 8 erformance test application lt ATmega256RFR2 FEM jain menu lt i gt Transceiver Configuration 2 Transceiver State Selection 3 PER Test Configuration 4 Service Functions Start test ransmitting Wait until test is completed Done est result est duration 8 322656 s ransmitted frames 188 invalid frames rames w o ACK hannel access failures 1 let data rate 49 59 kbit s esults from RW node umber of received frames 99 average LQI 255 average RSSI 24 dBm ress any key to continuel Figure 5 5 PER Measurement mode results on Reflector node a a IJ Tera Term COM3 VT og File Edit Setup Control Window Help Frames received on air PER Measurement mode Peer device found Starting PER Measurement mode as Reflector Receiving
19. C6555 10 etc 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 Table of Contents Te resi el RRTTT 3 2 Getting started with Performance test EVK sueessssss 3 2 1 Serialinterface sssssssssssssssssssssseeeeeeee ener enne nennen 4 2 2 Programming interface oorr tr Ferre rer Ere ee re Ferr cin deas 6 2 3 Running default Performance test application sees 7 2 4 Range testmode uice cie Dese seine bee san e ge uve oue due 8 2 5 PERmeasuremirit mode rnt eine sent been Er EREE 10 2 6 PER measurement mode configuration options seeeeeeeeeee 11 3 Hardware setup for adding external FEM sssssssss 13 3 1 Logical control checklists ii cete erii nta dist Eae cun les ETUR RE ehe LERRA 13 3 2 External FEM interface cccccccccscccesenceeeeeeeeeeeneeeecseeeeeseneeeeseeneeeeeseeeessnaeees 13 4 Software modifications for adding external FEM 15 4 Applicationldyer siii enter er treo teet er IE N SUCH ESO RS 16 LANE MID E 20 D cMEMRP MT 22 5 PER measurement mode EVK eese 24 54 Single diode LOS seien omen epp erred ota e hemes eter D ixi eee es 24 54 1 Channel selection esssssssssssssssseeeeeeenee nennen 24 5 1 2 Transmit power selection 24 5 49 Antenna selection eire riens to rne Ree drin peret segui 24 5 44
20. EM APPLICATION NOTE 9 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 Figure 2 11 Two way communication for Range measurement eJ Tera Term COM3 VT m m t3 File Edit Setup Control Window Help ey press detected Range Measurement mode earch for Peer device initiated eer device found tarting TX in Range Measurement mode o of Frames TR 52 lo of Frames lo Frames o Frames o Frames o Frames LEDO on STB indicates frame is sent from the node and LED1 on STB indicates frame is received by the node For two way communications both LEDO and LED1 shall blink because each node send and receive frames simultaneously It shall be possible introduce mobility for both TX and RX nodes in Range Measurement mode by disconnecting the serial interface From the LED indicates customer can get a rough estimate of RF link between two particular nodes for the given environment For example if blinking of LED1 is not periodic then we can interpret that the RF link is not proper Cause of the problem can be due to one of the below reasons 1 Lower output transmit power on transmitting node 2 Poor Receiver Sensitivity on receiving node 3 Nodes might be located at the null points of antenna radiation pattern 4 Environment of test In order to understand the reason or cause of the issue it is required to run PER Measurement mode tests refer section 2 6 2 5 PER measurement mode In PER measurement mode one of the nodes should be connecte
21. ERM BOARD GCC Performance test evk hex Fuse settings OxFF 0x91 OxE2 Notes Atmel Fuse settings can be changed as per the application requirement Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 6 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 Figure 2 5 JTAG programming interface on STB LL c saree a 23 Running default Performance test application Performance test EVK example application flow chart is shown in Figure 2 6 and it has two operation modes 1 Range measurement mode 2 Packet Error Rate measurement mode Section 2 2 and 2 3 explains the procedure for entering these modes Figure 2 6 Performance Test EVK Application State Diagram POWER ON Successful board initialization Peer Req received on air in PER mode Peer Req received on air in Range mode Key press detected Character on UART 4 PEER SEARCH PER TX 6 PEER SEARCH PER RX Peer Search Peer Search unsucceessful unsucceessful Peer Search unsucceessful Peer Search 3 unsucceessful PEER SEARCH RANGE TX 5 PEER SEARCH RANGE RX User Aborted Peer Search successful Peer Search successful Poer SASN Peer Search successful Peer Search successful timed out RANGE_TEST_TX_ON SINGLE_NODE_TESTS PER_TEST_INITIATOR PER_TEST_RECEPTOR x7 Periodic timer PS triggered packet Button Pre transmission utton Pres Atmel Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATI
22. G KONG Tel 49 89 31970 0 Tel 81 3 6417 0300 www atmel com Tel 852 2245 6100 Fax 49 89 3194621 Fax 81 3 6417 0370 Fax 852 2722 1369 2013 Atmel Corporation All rights reserved Rev 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 Atmel Atmel logo and combinations thereof Enabling Unlimited Possibilities and others are registered trademarks or trademarks of Atmel Corporation or its subsidiaries Other terms and product names may be trademarks of others Disclaimer The information in this document is provided in connection with Atmel products No license express or implied by estoppel or otherwise to any intellectual property right is granted by this document or in connection with the sale of Atmel products EXCEPT AS SET FORTH IN THE ATMEL TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALES LOCATED ON THE ATMEL WEBSITE ATMEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER AND DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS IMPLIED OR STATUTORY WARRANTY RELATING TO ITS PRODUCTS INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON INFRINGEMENT IN NO EVENT SHALL ATMEL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT CONSEQUENTIAL PUNITIVE SPECIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION DAMAGES FOR LOSS AND PROFITS BUSINESS INTERRUPTION OR LOSS OF INFORMATION ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS DOCUMENT EVEN IF ATMEL HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES Atmel makes no representations or warranties with respect
23. I Atmel APPLICATION NOTE Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM Atmel MCU Wireless Features e Getting started with Performance test EVK application e Adding support for external Front End Modules e FEM logical control checklist e Usage and significance of menu driven Performance test EVK application e Using script to run Performance test EVK application Description Scope of the application note is to guide customers in designing and validating their wireless products using Atmel wireless software solutions Targeted audience includes product designers embedded programmers and hardware engineers For validating RF performance and power consumption customers can use Performance test EVK example application in IEEE 802 15 4 MAC stack 1 This document includes getting started guide for performance test EVK application along with software and hardware modification required for supporting custom board with external Front End Module FEM Example custom board considered in this document contains Atmel s RCB256RFR2 3 on Sensor Terminal Board platform STB 4 and Skywork s SE2431L EK1 board 5 And MAC stack version 2 8 0 is used for demonstrating the required software modifications SE2431L 6 FEM chips supports both LNA PA and Antenna diversity features This application note can also be extended to custom boards based on other external FEM modules as well like SE2438T 7 RC6505 8 RC6575 9 R
24. KSre peer search receptor c Function void peer search receptor init void arg Add Disable external FEM FEM DISABLE Note Add before pal trx bit write SR PA EXT EN PA EXT DISABLE and within ifdef EXT RF FRONT END CTRL File CAAtmelMAC v 2 8 OMpplications TAL Examples Performance Test EVKSrcper mode initiator c Add Declare the FEM status flag and function for toggling FEM ifdef EXT RF FRONT END CTRL static bool fem status true static void toggle fem void endif Note Add in Globals section of the file Atmel Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 16 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 File C AtmehMAC v 2 8 0 Applications TAL_Examples Performance_Test_EVK Sre per_mode_initiator c Function void per mode initiator init void parameter Add Enable external FEM FEM ENABLE Note Add before pal trx bit write SR PA EXT EN PA EXT ENABLE and within ifdef EXT RF FRONT END CTRL File CAAtmelMAC v 2 8 OMpplications TAL Examples Performance Test EVKSrcper mode initiator c Function static void print HW version details void Add ifdef EXT RF FRONT END CTRL printf FEM dendif Note Add before printf File CAAtmelMAC v 2 8 OMpplications TAL Examples Performance Test EVKSrc per mode initiator c Function static void print trx config menu void Add fk ok ke ke ke ke ke ke e x e e x x x External FEM KCKCKCkCkc
25. ON NOTE 7 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 2 4 Range test mode After initializing the board the Performance test EVK application waits either for a character on UART event or for a key press event as shown in Figure 2 7 During Range measurement the transmitter node will initiate a sequence to find a peer node Once peer node is found packet transmission is initiated by the transmitter to the receiver And the Receiver node acknowledges each packet received Press button SW1 on Sensor Terminal Board to initiate peer search for Range Measurement Mode Sequence diagram for Range Measurement Mode is shown in Figure 2 8 Note Code implementation is available in wait for event task function in wait for event c file Pin definition for sensing button press is available in pal config h file Figure 2 7 Sequence diagram of Range measurement Peer Request e dcast I I I I j I Peer Request z Broadcast Peer Unicast Peer Confirm ee ee Blink TX LED l Blink TX LED BANNER LED Blink 1X LED Blink RX LED Blink p LED La Blink RX LED Blink RX LED Debug prints can be viewed if the node is connected to a serial interface but it is not mandatory The node on which the key was pressed will display a print as shown in Figure 2 8 This node initiates the transmission and calls itself the TX node Atmel Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 8 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 Figure 2
26. SITY uint8 t antenna temp Check which antenna has been selected antenna temp pal trx bit read SR ANT CTRL endif Note Add next to uint8_t input File C Atmel MAC_v_2_8 0 Applications TAL_Examples Performance_Test_EVK Sre per_mode_initiator c Function static void start_cw_transmission void Add ifdef EXT_RF_FRONT_END_CTRL if fem_status Enable RF front end control after tal_reset FEM ENABLE pal trx bit write SR PA EXT EN PA EXT ENABLE fendif 1 ANTENNA DIVERSITY if antenna temp 1 Enable A1 X2 pal trx bit write SR ANT CTRL ANT CTRL 1 else Enable A2 X3 pal trx bit write SR ANT CTRL ANT CTRL 2 endif Note Add next to tal reset false File CAAtmelMAC v 2 8 OMpplications TAL Examples Performance Test EVKSrc per mode initiator c Function void save all settings void Add ifdef EXT RF FRONT END CTRL fem status pal trx bit read SR PA EXT EN endif Note Add anywhere within this function File CAAtmelMAC v 2 8 0 Applications TAL_Examples Performance_Test_EVK Srce per_mode_initiator c Function void recover all settings void Add ifdef EXT RF FRONT END CTRL if fem status Enable FEM module FEM_ENABLE Atmel Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 19 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013
27. Write Transceiver Registers e TX Power of radio e Continuous transmit test modes e Reduced Power consumption mode Let us consider RCB256RFR2 and Sensor Terminal Board STB as an example hardware platform for getting started with Performance test application RCB256RFR2 mounted over STB is shown in Figure 2 1 You can find more informations about two boards in the below documents e AVR2063 Sensor Terminal Board Hardware User s Manual 4 e AVR10004 RCB256RFR2 Hardware User Manual 3 Atmel Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 3 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 Figure 2 1 RCB256RFR2 and Sensor Terminal Board STB 2 1 Serial interface Using STB it is possible to configure either USBO or UARTI for serial interface Default Performance test EVK application based on STB platform has USBO interface enabled for serial communication Please follow the below steps for installing the STB driver e Once the STB is connected Found New Hardware wizard will pop up If it is not happening then update the driver manually by going to Computer Management gt Device Manager on the right panel Select the new Device gt Right Click Update Driver e Select the radio button for Install from a list or specific location Advanced as shown in Figure 2 2 e After connecting the STB board to PC it asks for driver Please point to the directory MAC v 2 8 0 PAL Board_Utils STB_USB_Driver as shown in Figure 2 2
28. certification tests current consumption measurement at various transceiver states and for validating RF output power of the board 5 1 1 Channel selection IEEE 802 15 4 channels from 11 to 26 can be individually chosen using the following procedure 1 From the main menu type 1 to display transceiver configuration options 2 Type c to select channel selection sub menu 3 Enter the required channel number and press ENTER 4 Toreturn back to main menu type 0 5 Example screenshot is shown in Figure 5 1 5 1 2 Transmit power selection Transmit power can be varied in 16 steps by configuring the PHY TX PWR register value Transmit power can be configured using the following procedure 1 From the main menu type 1 to display transceiver configuration options 2 Type w to select TX power selection sub menu 3 Type a or r to select either absolute or register value 4 Enter the required transmit power value and press ENTER 5 Example screenshot is shown in Figure 5 1 Note Absolute power values are derived from the tx pwr table 16 in pal board c So it is responsibility of the customer to enter correct absolute values for each PHY TX PWR register settings based on the actual transmit power measurement If the absolute transmit power values are not known then it is always recommended to configure output power via PHY TX PWR register values 5 1 3 Antenna selection Antenna selection option is used to choose either ant
29. d P3 Tevcas Ant Ant2 m Lola MU ee 4 Software modifications for adding external FEM Choose an example project which is best suited for the custom board Before starting the actual porting below terms need to be defined Target MCU MCU that is not yet supported and shall be utilized within a new platform Base MCU MCU that is already supported within the MAC package and it s PAL implementation is used as base code for the target MCU Target board Board based on the target MCU that is not yet supported and shall be utilized within a new platform Base board Board that is already supported within the base MCU PAL directory and is used as base code for the target board Target platform Platform consisting of target MCU and target board Base platform Platform consisting of base MCU and base board As this application note concentrates only on adding external FEM support on existing platform detailed procedure for adding new platform support is provided in section11 Platform Porting in MAC AVR2025 IEEE 802 15 4 MAC Software Package User Guide 2 Once the basic porting is completed please continue reading following sections for adding support for external FEM module Example project refered in the application note is based on the below target platform e Target MCU ATmega256RFR2 e Target Board RCB256RFR2 e Target Platform RCB256RFR2 Sensor Terminal Board e Chosen project MAC v 2 8 OMpplicationsTAL ExamplesWP
30. d to the terminal program through serial interface The node connected to the terminal is referred as transmitter and other node need not be connected to the terminal or remote node is referred as receiver So PER measurement mode has limited mobility because one node has to be permanently connected to serial interface for configuration and testing e After the boards are turned on if any character is received on the serial interface then the node transmitter tries to find its peer node i e receiver as shown in Figure 2 12 e Ifthe peer node is found then a menu appears as shown in Figure 2 13 e And if search for peer node is aborted failed then a minimal set of test can be performed with only single node as shown in Figure 2 14 Figure 2 12 Initializing PER measurement mJ Tera Term COM3 VT E File Edit Setup Control Window Help ia haracter received on UART PER Measurement mode ress ENTER to Abort Search for Peer Device and to start single node operation m e earch for Peer device initiated Atmel Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 10 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 Figure 2 13 Main Menu after Peer Search Process in PER mode is successful Tera Term COM3 VT File Edit Setup Control Window Help haracter received on UART PER Measurement mode Press ENTER to fibort Search for Peer Device and to start single node operation m de Search for Peer device initiated Search f
31. endif ifdef EXT RF FRONT END CTRL Note Add after endif if ANTENNA DIVERSITY 1 and before printf 0 Leave sub menu r n File CAAtmehMAC v 2 8 0 Applications TAL_Examples Performance_Test_EVK Sre per_mode_initiator c Function static void print trx state sel menu void Add ifdef EXT RF FRONT END CTRL case toggle fem break endif Note Add within switch input before case 5 File CAAtmelMAC v 2 8 OMpplications TAL Examples Performance Test EVKSrcper mode initiator c Function static void toggle trx sleep void Add ifdef EXT RF FRONT END CTRL Disable FEM module FEM DISABLE printf r n FEM in sleep mode Controls disabled fendif Note Add next to printf r n TRX in sleep mode 1 Options disabled File CAAtmelMAC v 2 8 OMApplications TAL ExamplesWPerformance Test EVK Src per mode initiator c Function static void print trx state sel menu void Add fifdef EXT RF FRONT END CTRL Enable FEM module FEM ENABLE printf r n FEM woke up fendif Note Add next to printf r n TRX woke up Atmel Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 18 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 File C AtmehMAC v 2 8 0 Applications TAL_Examples Performance_Test_EVK Sre per_mode_initiator c Function static void start cw transmission void Add i ANTENNA DIVER
32. enna 1 or antenna 2 or enable antenna diversity algorithm For RCB256RFR2 4 SE2431L EK1 board we have options to choose either antenna 1 or 2 or enable antenna diversity algorithm 1 From the main menu type 1 to display transceiver configuration options 2 Type y to select antenna diversity sub menu 3 Type 1 or 2 to select either antenna 1 or antenna 2 4 Example screenshot is shown in Figure 5 1 Note If define ANTENNA DIVERSITY is set to 0 in pal config h file then this option will not be available because the board does not support antenna diversity Atmel Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 24 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 5 1 4 Enabling Disabling FEM By default external FEM will be enabled For toggling this feature use the following procedure 1 From the main menu type 1 to display transceiver configuration options 2 Type to toggle external FEM control Note This option will be available only if EXT RF FRONT END CTRL build switch is enabled in the project Figure 5 1 Single node test IB Tera Term COM2 VT El t File Edit Setup Control Window Help haracter received on UART PER Measurement mode prese ENTER to fibort Search for Peer Device and to start single node operation m ode Search for Peer device initiated Search for Peer Device aborted Starting Performance Test Application in single node operation mode Software Version 4 P
33. er to reset the transceiver B DEEP_SLEEP Put the transceiver in DEEP SLEEP Only available in AT86RF233 T SLEEP Put the transceiver in SLEEP G TRX OFF Put the transceiver in TRX_OFF state J PLL_ON i li Put the transceiver in PLL ON state K RX_ON mil i Put the transceiver in RX ON state U Continuous T li To enable disable continuous transmission on the current channel Transmission Y Antenna Enabled To toggle the antenna diversity mode on the node connected to the Diversity PC T FEM control Enabled To enable disable external FEM Option added in this example for controlling external FEM Table 2 3 Description for Sub menu PER Test Configuration 3 Hs Menu Functionalities N Test Frames 100 No of test frames to be transmitted Max value 4 294 967 295 L Frame length 20 The length of frame inclusive of headers limits are 12 127 Q Diversity Enabled To enable disable the antenna diversity on the remote node Z CRC Disabled To enable disable the CRC settings on remote node Table 2 4 Description for Sub menu Service functions 4 Menu Option Comment
34. erformance Test EVKV Atmel ATMEGA256RFR2 RCB 6 3 2 SENS TERM BOARD Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 15 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 4 1 Application layer Open the example project in Atmel AVR Studio or IAR Embedded Workbench IDE Add Compile time switch EXT RF FRONT END CTRL in the project for enabling external FEM support For example e Open AVR Studio project gt Makefile gt Add CFLAGS DEXT RF FRONT END CTRL e Open IAR project General options gt C C Compiler gt Preprocessor gt Defined symbols gt Add EXT RF FRONT END CTRL Please refer the code modification given below for supporting external FEM Below file changes are common for both IAR and GCC compilers File CAAtmelMAC v 2 8 OMApplications TAL Examples Performance Test EVKSrclnit state c Function void init state init void arg Add ifdef EXT RF FRONT END CTRL Initialize FEM GPIO controls FEM INIT endif Note Add next to pal_button_init File CAAtmelMAC v 2 8 0 Applications TAL_Examples Performance_Test_EVK Src peer_search_initiator c Function void peer_search_initiator_init void arg Add Disable external FEM FEM DISABLE Note Add before pal trx bit write SR PA EXT EN PA EXT DISABLE and within ifdef EXT RF FRONT END CTRL File CAAtmelMAC v 2 8 OMApplications TAL ExamplesPerformance Test EV
35. erformance test application ATmega256RFR2 FEM lain menu lt i gt Transceiver Configuration 2 Transceiver State Selection T Service Functions Software Version 4 Performance test application ATmega256RFR2 FEM Sub menu lt i gt Transceiver Configuration gt Channel Channel EL Receiver Desensitization disabled Tx power 26 dBm TR_PWR 6x8 gt Antenna diversity enabled Toggle FEM control enabled Leave sub menu gt c Enter channel 411 265 and press Enter 11 Software Uersion 4 8 Performance test application ATmega256RFR2 FEM Sub nenu 1 Transceiver Configuration C Channel 11 Channel page Receiver Desensitization disabled Tx power 26 dBm TX PUR 8x85 Antenna diversity enabled Toggle FEM control enabled Leave sub menu gt u Enter transmit power value lt A Absolute value in dBm R TX PUR register value r Enter transmit power value Cin Reg value e g x 5 gt xB8B Software Version 4 0 Performance test application ATmega256RFR2 FEM Sub menu lt i gt Transceiver Configuration gt Channel Channel Sage 6 Receiver Desensitization disabled Tx power 21 dBm lt TX_PWR x gt Antenna diversity enabled Toggle FEM control enabled N Leave sub menu y hoose antenna gt Enter 1 for A1 K2 or 2 for fi2 33 1 Software Uersion 4 0 Performance test application lt ATmega256RFR2 FEM Sub menu X1 Transceiver Configurati
36. ip As Performance test is a menu driven application it is must to have a serial interface for communicating with the terminal window in the custom boards With the help of Performance test EVK application customer can carry out the following list of validation tests e QContinuous transmission mode for certification e Packet error rate for Receiver Sensitivity measurement e Power consumption at various transceiver states e Energy scan of all channels e Maximum achievable application throughput Getting started with default Performance test application is covered in section 2 Hardware connectivity and software modifications required for adding new external FEM modules is covered in section 3 and 4 respectively Getting started with Performance test EVK The Performance Test EVK is a terminal based TAL level example application used extensively for Range measurement and Packet Error Rate measurement Download and install IEEE 802 15 4 MAC stack version 2 8 0 1 By default it will be get installed in location CAAtmehMAC v 2 8 0 The application is targeted to demonstrate the capabilities of Atmel Transceivers such as e Range ofthe Transceiver for peer to peer communication using Range measurement mode e Robust Link Quality using PER Measurement mode e Packet Error Rate measurement using PER Measurement mode e Evaluate features like with UART connection only e Antenna Diversity e Rx Sensitivity e CSMA CA Transmission e Read
37. k ck kckck ck kck ck kck ck kckck ckokckckokok ck kok ck ke ke x f ifdef EXT RF FRONT END CTRL printf Toggle FEM control fem status pal trx bit read SR PA EXT EN true false if fem status printf enabled r n else printf disabled r n endif ifdef EXT_RF_FRONT_END_CTRL Note Add after endif if ANTENNA_DIVERSITY 1 and before printf 0 Leave sub menu r n File C Atmel MAC_v_2_8 0 Applications TAL_Examples Performance_Test_EVK Sre per_mode_initiator c Function static void print_trx_config_menu void Add ifdef EXT_RF_FRONT_END_CTRL case toggle_fem break endif Note Add within switch input next to case Y for toggle antenna diversity Atmel Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 17 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 File C AtmehMAC v 2 8 OMApplications TAL Examples Performance Test EVKWSrc per mode initiator c Function static void print trx state sel menu void Add fk e e X e x e x x xx External FEM OKCKCKCKCKCKCk Ck K Ck k kck kck k ck kok ck ck ck ck kok koe ke e ke x x f ifdef EXT RF FRONT END CTRL printf Toggle FEM control fem status pal trx bit read SR PA EXT EN true false if fem status printf enabled r n else printf disabled r n d
38. on Cc Channel 11 Channel page 8 Receiver Desensitization disabled Tx power 21 dBm TX PUR 8x8 Antenna diversity disabled and antenna selected is A1 K2 Toggle FEM control enabled Leave sub menu gt 08 Software Version 4 0 Performance test application ATmega256RFR2 FEM ain menu lt i gt Transceiver Configuration 2 Transceiver State Selection X3 Service Functions Atmel Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 25 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 Continuous transmission selection Continuous transmission option shall be helpful during FCC 13 ETSI 14 certifications With continuous transmission option it shall be possible to start continuous transmission on the configured channel and transmit power level For more details refer section 9 9 in ATmega256RFRe 1 1 Two modes are available in continuous transmission mode e Continuous Wave mode Pure carrier wave e Pseudo Random Binary Sequence mode PRBS Random payload modulated and continuously transmitted For choosing these modes refer the following procedure From the main menu type 3 to display service functions Type u to select continuous transmission sub menu Type c or p to select either continuous wave or PRBS Continuous transmission will be observed until any key is pressed on the keyboard Example screenshot is shown in Figure 5 2 Gto tX meo Figure 5 2 Continu
39. or 3 to select antenna 2 or press key to exit configuration 5 2 5 CRC settings on remote node For PER test it is possible to enable or disable CRC checking on the remote node using the following procedure 1 From the main menu type 3 to PER test configuration options 2 Type z to get the current antenna diversity settings from remote node 3 Type c in order to change the current settings 4 Enter 1 to enable counting of frames with wrong CRC on remote node or 2 to enable counting of frames with wrong CRC on remote node or press key to exit configuration 5 2 6 Starting test Before starting PER test please make sure that the transceiver configuration like channel number channel page TX power etc and PER test configurations are configured correctly For starting the test type 5 and wait for the test results as shown in Figure 5 4 and Figure 5 5 If the board supports LEDs then the ongoing transmission is indicated 5 2 7 Analyzing results PER test can be used to validate the link quality between the nodes Receiver sensitivity of the receiving node and Net data rate of the application Following informations are provided as the result of PER test 1 Number of frames successfully transmitted 2 Number of frames received by the remote node 3 Frames without acknowledgement 4 Number of channel access failures caused during the test 5 Number of frames with wrong CRC 6 Test Duration Atmel Atmel AT031
40. or Peer Device failed Starting Performance Test fipplication in single node operation mode Software Version 4 6 Performance test application ATmega256RFR2 FEM lt i gt Transceiver Configuration lt 2 gt Transceiver State Selection lt 3 gt Service Functions Figure 2 14 Main menu after Peer Search process aborted failed IB Tera Term COM3 VT 3 El t3 File Edit Setup Control Window Help haracter received on UART PER Measurement mode Peer device found Starting PER Measurement mode as Transmitter Software Uersion 4 8 Performance test application ATmega256RFR2 FEM ain menu X1 Transceiver Configuration X2 Transceiver State Selection lt 3 PER Test Configuration 4 Service Functions D Start test 2 6 PER measurement mode configuration options Below Table 2 1 Table 2 2 Table 2 3 and Table 2 4 gives a quick overview on the list of options available in Performance test EVK application Additional description and importance of parameters are provided in section 5 Table 2 1 Description for Sub menu Transceiver Configuration 1 Menu Functionalities Default Value Comment Option User can change channel Allows the user to enter ISM frequencies also in case of AT86RF233 transceiver User can change channel page Toggling RPC Reduced Power Consumption Only available in AT86RF233 Toggling Receiver Desensitization Channel
41. ormance test application ATmega256RFR2 FEM Sub menu 2 Transceiver State Selection Present Trx State TR OFF 35 Receiver Desensitization disabled lt S gt RESET lt T gt SLEEP lt G gt TRX OFF enabled XJ PLL ON disabled XK5 RK disabled lt U gt TX Continuous X95 Antenna diversity enabled a Toggle FEM control enabled s lt gt Leave sub menu gt E iv 5 1 7 Energy scan on all channels Energy scan option is useful to understand which frequency channel is noisy busy Larger the negative value indicates lower noise on the channel It can also be used to study the environment during wireless network deployment 1 From the main menu type 4 to service functions options 2 Type e to select energy scan sub menu 3 Enter the required duration of energy scan and press ENTER Note While using external FEM modules the EXT LNA HIGH GAIN parameter in pal config h file have to be configured with the datasheet LNA gain or receiver gain value of that FEM module 5 2 Peer mode test 5 2 1 Channel page selection Channel page selection is not applicable for single node operation mode Channel page is required to configure the transceiver to proprietary high data rate modes 500kbps 1 Mbps and 2Mbps For more details please refer to section 9 8 2 in ATmega256RFRe 4 1 From the main menu type 1 to display transceiver configuration options 2 Type p to select channel page
42. ous transmission using Single node test Ej Tera Term COM2 VT NIS File Edit Setup Control Window Help Software Uersion 4 8 Performance test application lt ATmega256RFR2 FEM ain menu lt i gt Transceiver Configuration 2 Transceiver State Selection E Service Functions Software Uersion 4 8 Performance test application lt ATmega256RFR2 FEM Sub menu lt 3 gt Service Functions XE Energy scan on all channels XU Continuous transmission on current channel lt D Transmit a continuous wave pulse on current channel lt U Get sensor data i e supply voltage and temperature XH Read Write Transceiver Registers lt Leave sub menu Ju Enter continuous transmission mode lt C Continuous Wave mode P Pseudo Random Binary Sequence mode p 3 Pseudo Random Binary Sequence PRBS transmission on channel 11 Press any key to cancel continuous transmission Note If define ANTENNA DIVERSITY is set to 1 in pal config h file and EXT RF FRONT END CTRL build switch is enabled in the project then additional codes described in page 19 for function start cw transmission has to be added These modifications are required for saving the configurations of external FEM and antenna selection Transceiver state selection It is possible to navigate to various transceiver states for measuring current consumption 1 From the main menu type 2 to select transceiver state 2 Type the requi
43. pal trx bit write SR PA EXT EN PA EXT ENABLE else Disable FEM module FEM DISABLE pal trx bit write SR PA EXT EN PA EXT DISABLE endif Note Add anywhere within the function File C Atmel MAC_v_2_8 0 Applications TAL_Examples Performance_Test_EVK Sre per_mode_initiator c Add ifdef EXT_RF_FRONT_END_CTRL static void toggle_fem void if fem status fem_status false Disable external FEM FEM DISABLE pal trx bit write SR PA EXT EN PA EXT DISABLE else fem_status true Enable external FEM FEM_ENABLE pal trx bit write SR PA EXT EN PA EXT ENABLE endif Note Add the function definition within the file File C Atme MAC_v_2_8_0 Applications TAL_Examples Performance_Test_EVK Src per_mode_receptor c Function void per_mode_receptor_init void parameter Add Enable external FEM FEM ENABLE Note Add before pal_trx_bit_write SR_PA_EXT_EN PA EXT ENABLE and within ifdef EXT RF FRONT END CTRL 42 PAL layer File C Atmel MAC_v_2_8 0 PAL MEGA_RF ATMEGA256RFR2 Boards RCB_6_3_2 SENS TERM BOARD pal_board c Add ifdef CUSTOM_PWR_TABLE P4 Update definitions for TX Pout and RX Gain in case of FEM usage Mapping table for FEM TX Pout dBm m based on board characterization ui d Atmel Atmel AT03188 Perfo
44. ption to select the device driver from a list Windows does not guarantee that the driver you choose will be the best match for your hardware Figure 2 3 Hardware installation Hardware Update Wizard Please wait while the wizard installs the software Next gt Cancel E SensorTemBoard E E lt Back Next gt Hardware Installation The software you are installing for this hardware SensorTemBoard has not passed Windows Logo testing to verify its compatibility with Windows XP Tell me why this testing is important Continuing your installation of this software may impair or destabilize the correct operation of your system either immediately or in the future Microsoft strongly recommends that you stop this installation now and contact the hardware vendor for software that has passed Windows Logo testing Continue Anyway STOP Installation Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 Cancel are Update ard S Figure 2 4 Check the Enumerated STB board 8 K System Tools amp Event Viewer E Shared Folders E E Local Users and Groups Ez Performance Logs and Alert z Device Manager Sig Storage Ez Removable Storage Disk Defragmenter Disk Management E m Services and Applications XE l Batteries Bluetooth Devices Computer Disk drives E Display adapters dab DVD CD ROM drives
45. red character for choosing the required state 3 Example screenshot is shown in Figure 5 3 Note Only transceiver and external FEM are put to sleep in Performance test EVK application Please note that MCU is in active state Atmel Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 26 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 Figure 5 3 Transceiver state selection using Single node test e mRA R mmm HH E Tera Term COM2 VT Joe File Edit Setup Control Window Help Software Uersion 4 8 Performance test application ATmega256RFR2 FEM ain menu lt i Transceiver Configuration 2 Transceiver State Selection Tu Service Functions Software Uersion 4 8 Performance test application ATmega256RFR2 FEM Sub menu lt 2 gt Transceiver State Selection Present Trx State TRX_OFF 35 Receiver Desensitization disabled lt S gt RESET lt I gt SLEEP G TRX OFF enabled lt J gt PLL ON disabled lt K gt RK disabled XU TR Continuous X95 Antenna diversity enabled Xil Toggle FEM control enabled X8 Leave sub menu TRX in sleep mode 1 Options disabled FEM in sleep mode Controls disabled Software Uersion 4 8 Performance test application amp fllTmega256RFR2 FEM Sub menu 2 Transceiver State Selection N lt T Wake up Transceiver t TRK woke up FEM woke up Software Uersion 4 8 Perf
46. rmance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 20 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 Note FLASH DECLARE int8 t tx pwr table 16 PA ATmega256RFR2 TX PWR EVDD 3V0 21 3 0 0x00 22 228 j OxO0l Fy 22 A5 243 0x02 21 Jr L8 y f 0x03 2l 4 1 3 O0x04 21 J gt QU Wf J 0x05 21 0 0 0x06 214 w oh 0x07 204 ff 2 0O0x08 20 3 f 0209 19 gy 4 O0x0A Tha we 5 O0x0B le w lt J QOx0C 13 JJ 9 O0x0D 8 212 0x0B 4 17 QxOF endif Add in Globals section of the file The power table values have to be modified based the actual measured output power levels of the board File C Atmel MAC_v_2_8 0 PAL MEGA_RF ATMEGA256RFR2 Boards RCB_6_3_2 SENS TERM BOARD Wal config h Add Atmel This board supports antenna diversity uf define ANTENNA DIVERSITY 1 For this example we have chosen PDO and PD1 GPIOs for controlling CSD and CPS logics User can choose different GPIOs based on their actual board design CSD is used to enable the FEM module define CSD PDO CPS is used to enable LNA during reception define CPS PD1 Define FEM_DDR value based GPIO selection define FEM DDR DDRD Define FEM_PORT value based GPIO selection define FEM_PORT PORTD
47. state DIG1 and DIG2 are differential pin pair used to feed the antenna switch signal for controlling Antenna diversity switching refer section 9 8 3 Antenna Diversity in ATmega256RFR2 datasheet 1 1 The control of an external PA is done via the differential pin pair DIG3 and DIG4 DIG3 H DIG4 L indicates that the transmission starts and can be used to enable an external PA refer section 9 8 4 RX TX Indicator in ATmega256RFR2 datasheet 11 So CTX and ANT SEL pin on SE2431L can be connected directly to these DIG lines of ATmega256RFR2 For other controls like CPS and CSD any of the free GPIO pins can be used Example pin mapping between ATmega256RFR2 and SE2431L is provided in section 3 2 Table 3 1 Logical controls available on SE2431L Tx mode 1 1 1 X Rx bypass mode 0 1 0 X Rx LNA mode 1 1 0 X All off sleep mode 0 0 0 Antenna 1 selected X X X 0 Antenna 2 selected X X X 1 RX bypass mode option is out of scope of this application note External FEM interface Refer Figure 3 1 and Figure 3 2 for connecting RCB256RFR2 STB with SE2431L EK1 board Due to the GPIO limitations on the STB we have chosen PDO and PD1 lines for controlling CSD and CPS Example reference pin mapping between RCB256RFR2 and SE2431L EK board is given Table 3 2 Table 3 2 Pin mapping between RCB256RFR2 and SE2431L EK1 RCB256RFR2 SE2431L EK1 Quick reference on STB PDO CSD On STB pin I2C SCL X4 connector PD1 CPS On
48. sub menu 3 Enter the required channel page and press ENTER Atmel Atmel AT03188 Performance Test EVK with External FEM APPLICATION NOTE 27 42140A WIRELESS 06 2013 Note At high data rate modes the maximum achievable coverage distance of the node decreases with respect to 250kbps mode under the same environmental conditions due to reduced spreading factor 5 2 2 Number of test frames For PER test it is possible to configure the number of test frames based on the following procedure 1 From the main menu type 3 to PER test configuration options 2 Type n to select number of test frames configuration sub menu 3 Enter the required number of test frames and press ENTER 5 2 8 Frame length selection For PER test it is possible to configure the test frame length based on the following procedure 1 From the main menu type 3 to PER test configuration options 2 Type L to select test frame length configuration sub menu 3 Enter the required frame length and press ENTER 5 2 4 Diversity settings on remote node For PER test it is possible to configure the antenna diversity settings on the remote node using the following procedure 1 From the main menu type 3 to PER test configuration options 2 Type q to get the current antenna diversity settings from remote node 3 Type c in order to change the current settings 4 Enter 1 to enable antenna diversity algorithm or 2 to select antenna 1

Performance test EVK with external FEM

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