Miller 400D User Manual - The M.C. Miller Company
Contents
1. WARNING If the software disconnection process is not carried out within range of the Miller 400D the Bluetooth radio will remain ON even when the LCD automatically shuts down T 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIG MILLER co E mail sales mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 22 Page MANI 70O Appendix 2 How to Use the ProCP Soil Resistivity Survey Program in Conjunction with the Miller 400D Resistance Meter The MILLER 400D is supplied with an over the pipe soil resistivity software program known as ProCP Soil Resistivity which is based on the 4 pin Wenner Methodology see Section 4 Earth Resistivity Measurement The program needs to be run on a Bluetooth enabled PDA or PC Also if a GPS receiver is integrated with the PDA or PC GPS location data are logged automatically at soil resistivity measurement sites After installing the program from the CD supplied with the Miller 400D either the PC version or the PDA version and opening the program the window shown below will be displayed IPro CP Soil Resistivity Miller 400D is Not connected id File X Miller 400 Help New Survey File pm Open Survey File As indicated on the header of the above window the Miller 400D 1s currently not connected via Bluetooth to the PDA or PC You may refer to Appendix 5 for more details regardi2. Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 17 Page MAN170 Reference 1 F Wenner A Method of Measuring Earth Resistivity Bulletin of Bureau of Standards Report 258 Vol 12 No 3 Oct 11 1915 Appendix 1 How to Change Settings Using the Miller 400D Configuration Program The Miller 400D Resistance Meter is supplied with factory settings default settings for a group of five parameters The five parameters are defined in the table below and their default values or settings are indicated IMIG MILLER co Parameter Number of Continuous Readings Range of values 3 255 readings Auto Shut Down Time Range of Values 1 10 minutes Bluetooth Radio Setting Options Radio Always ON or Radio ON Upon Demand Self Calibration Setting Options Calibrate on Demand or Calibrate before each Reading Sequence Resolution Setting for R 1O Options LCD shows 0 0010 resolution or LCD shows 0 010 resolution v Explanation of Parameter In the Continuous Reading Mode see Section 2 a new reading is displayed every 3 seconds When the selected number of readings have been taken the process will self terminate In the Single Reading Mode see section 2 the LCD shuts down reading value is no longer displayed after a set period of time in order to conserve power In the default setting Bluetooth radio ON upon demand which is the power saving mode the Bluetooth radio is turned ON and O
3. Calculated Value F gt Value from Device 15 1 144976 Remarks Known Station survey Direction wrist 2000 00 feet surveyed MCM Survey The window above shows the acquired resistance value 15 1 2 and the calculated resistivity value 14 487 6Q cm for the 5 foot pin spacing example the third of 3 pin spacing readings Clicking or tapping on the Log Reading button will save the final calculated resistivity value for this location site and a fresh prompt screen will be presented for the next location next site The Delete Last Site Location button can be used to remove the resistivity value s saved at the last site 1f readings need to be re taken for example Note If readings are to be re taken at the deleted site check the currently displayed station number and manually enter the station number of the current site do over site location if the currently displayed station number is not appropriate Saved resistivity values can be viewed via the Edit Data button and values can be edited also if necessary Exporting Survey Data to Excel The soil resistivity data logged on a survey can be exported to Excel for future processing using the following procedure Note The export process can be performed while connected to or disconnected from the Miller 400D unit T 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com
4. field A resistivity value is saved by clicking or tapping on the Log Reading button Multiple Pin Spacing Readings In the case of multiple pin spacing readings each calculated resistivity value based on each successively acquired resistance value is manually logged in turn The window below shows the acquired resistance value 5 0Q and the calculated resistivity value 19 248 1Q cm for the 20 foot pin spacing example the first of 3 pin spacing readings JPro CP Soil Resistivity Miller 400D is connected iJ EJ File Miller 400 Help i Note all calculated readings are in ohm cm Location Curent Pin Spacing 20 00 1 3 20 00 feet P arab Resistance Meter Value RH Calculated Value P Value from Device 5 0 19248 1 Remarks Known Station survey Direction wns 1000 00 feet surveyed re MCM Survey The calculated resistivity value 19 248 1Q cm in this example case is saved by clicking or tapping on the Log Reading button At that point the second prompt screen automatically appears as shown below and the resistance value acquired by clicking or tapping on the Grab Resistance of 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 311Page MAN170 Value from Device button or depressing the Read button on the Miller 400D will
5. of the Miller 400D left mouse click or tap on the Miller 400D menu and click or tap on the Connect option as indicated below You may refer to Appendix 5 for more details regarding the connection of the 400D to a PC equipped with a Bluetooth adapter T 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 19 Page MAN170 Miller 400D Configuration Pro OE3 File Miller 400D The following message will be displayed Make sure that the Miller 400D is turned ON At this point depress the Read button on the Miller 400D which turns the unit ON and immediately click or tap on the Yes button in response to the message Note A few seconds are required to establish a connection Also the above process may have to be repeated more than once for a Bluetooth connection to be established of 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 20 Page MAN170 When a connection is established the window shown below will be displayed Miller 400D Configuration Pro OER File Miller 400D Keep Bluetooth On After LCD Shuts Off Always Calibrate Before Each Reading High Resoluti
6. be displayed in the Meter Value field IPro CP Soil Resistivity Miller 400D is connected mm File Miller 400 Help uj Note all calculated readings are in ohm cm Location Current Pin Spacing 20 00 2 3 10 00 feet Po Grab Resistance Meter Value R Calculated Value F Value from Device 110 1 193474 Remarks Known Station survey Direction wnst 2000 00 feet surveyed MCM Survey As indicated above the acquired resistance value in this example for the 10 foot pin spacing 1s 10 1 and the calculated resistivity value is 19 347 4Q cm The calculated resistivity value 19 347 4Q cm in this example case is saved by clicking or tapping on the Log Reading button At that point the third prompt screen automatically appears as shown below and the resistance value acquired by clicking or tapping on the Grab Resistance Value from Device button or depressing the Read button on the Miller 400D will be displayed in the Meter Value field T 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 32 1Page MAN170 Pro CP Soil Resistivity Miller 400D is connected fel lt x File Miller 400 Help Note all calculated readings are in ohm cm Location Current Pin Spacing 20 00 313 5 00 feet F1 Grab Resistance Meter Value R
7. for the purposes of the calculations Also if the include altitude option is not selected it will be assumed that there is no altitude change between the two locations involved in a distance calculation And if the include altitude option is selected the accuracy of the altitude data will significantly impact the accuracy of a calculated distance between two locations Reading Interval feet or meters With this option the entered Reading Interval distance is added to the stationing each time a reading 1s logged for the case of Downstream surveys and the entered Reading Interval distance is subtracted from the stationing each time a reading 1s logged for the case of Upstream surveys This is an ideal selection if survey flags for example have been laid out ahead of the soil resistivity survey based on measured distances and soil resistance readings are to be taken at each flagged location say every 200 feet for example The starting station number if known is entered on the survey screen prior to logging the first reading see below Manually Entered Locations With this option the user enters a station number at each measurement location prior to logging each reading The starting station number 1s entered on the survey screen prior to logging the first reading see below Pin Spacing Field Any number of Pin Spacing values can be entered which means that any number of soil resistance readings can be taken a
8. the above example the resistivity would be 659 73 ohm m T 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer SlPage MANI 70O Note The above formula is accurate only if the electrode depth d is small relative to the electrode spacing S An S value equal to or greater than 20 times the d value is recommended This means that if d is 1 foot for example then S has to be at least 20 feet or 1f d is 0 3 meter then S has to be at least 6 meters The Wenner Method is the basis of an ASTM Standard Test Method ASTM G57 06 2 Soil Sample or Liquid Resistivity Measurement This application also uses 4 electrodes however in this case the electrodes are an integral part of an electrolyte box which is more commonly referred to as a soil box For this application the MILLER 400D can be used in conjunction with one of M C Miller s soil boxes catalog 37008 or catalog 37006 and 4 test leads catalog 37009 A schematic of the test arrangement is illustrated in Figure 2 below v 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 9 Page MANI 70O 4 ELECTRODE APPLICATION SOIL or LIQUID RESISTIVITY MEASUREME
9. to observe the resistance reading as a function of time for some period of time in order to check for consistency The read button can also be used to initiate a self calibration process please see the Maintenance amp Calibration Section Section 6 SECTION 3 LOGGING RESISTANCE READINGS ON A BLUETOOTH ENABLED COMPUTER PDA LAPTOP ETC A Bluetooth enabled computer can be programmed to acquire resistance readings directly from the MILLER 400D and with electrodes and test leads appropriately connected to the meter as indicated in the Application Section Section 4 resistance readings can be logged via a software application For instance the MILLER 400D is supplied with an over the pipe soil resistivity survey program known as ProCP Soil Resistivity which 1s based on the 4 pin Wenner Methodology Please see Appendix 2 for information on this software application SECTION 4 APPLICATIONS 4 ELECTRODE APPLICATIONS Earth Resistivity Measurement T 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 6lPage MAN170 This application uses 4 electrodes pins The electrodes are driven down into the earth the same distance and are evenly spaced in a straight line A schematic of this arrangement is illustrated in Figure below 4 ELECTRODE APPLICATION EARTH R
10. 400D 1s connected on the window T 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 24 1Page MAN170 nnn s X File Miller 400 Help New Survey File ay Open Survey File Creating a new survey file or re opening a pre existing survey file Creating a new survey file A new soil resistivity survey file is established by clicking or tapping on the New Survey File button on the above window and identifying a previously created folder perhaps located in your My Documents folder as the target folder for the survey file A target folder for the survey file is selected by clicking on the Browse for Folder button indicated by the arrow on the window shown below In the example window see below a previously created folder named SR Surveys is highlighted to be the parent folder for soil resistivity survey files of 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 25 1Page MAN170 File Miller 400 Help Browse For Folder Select the Target folder for this New Survey t amp Ej Remote Display C Remote monitoring stuff 3 Resume 5 Shop Test Stuff G Soil Box Stuff C3 SR Sur
11. ESISTIVITY MEASUREMENT RESISTANCE Ohms Figure 1 The MILLER 400D can be used in conjunction with M C Miller s 4 lead color coded test reel catalog 44700 and four heavy duty stainless steel electrodes soil pins catalog 44720 The test leads are connected to the MILLER 400D as shown in Figure 1 With this arrangement the MILLER 400D displays the earth s average resistance to a depth equal to the electrode spacing S based on the magnitude of the current flowing between terminals C1 and C2 and the voltage dropped between terminals P1 and P2 Note For load resistances 1M O in addition to internal meter errors errors associated with test lead proximity can also be significant please see Appendix 3 for details Dr Frank Wenner of the U S Bureau of Standards developed the theory behind this test in 1915 1 He showed that if the electrode pin depth d is kept small relative to the separation between the electrodes S the earth s average resistivity to a depth equal to the electrode spacing S can be obtained by applying the following formula T 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 7 Page MAN170 p 27SR where R is the resistance value in ohms as displayed on the MILLER 400D p is the resistivity in ohm cm az is the constant 3 1416
12. FF by the software applications either the Configuration Program or the ProCP Soil Resistivity Program In the power saving default setting Calibrate on Demand the self calibration process is initiated by use of the Read button see Section 6 With the other option a calibration process a 10 second event is initiated each time a reading is requested Single Reading Mode or at the start of each Continuous Reading Mode cycle In the default setting the LCD will display the resistance value in the format 0 XXO With the other setting the display will be in the format 0 XXXQ This option should be used only for resistance values less than 1 ohm Note Data received by a PC will always have highest resolution regardless of display format 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 E mail sales mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer Default Value Setting 10 readings 1 minute Bluetooth Radio ON Upon Demand Self Calibrate on Demand LCD shows 0 010 Resolution 18 Page MAN170 After installing the Configuration Program from the CD that was supplied with the Miller 400D onto your PC or PDA and opening the application the window shown below will be displayed r gH File Miller 400D A Bluetooth connection is initiated by the Configuration Program via the following procedure With the PDA or PC within range within 30 feet
13. NT VIA AN ELECTROLYTE BOX RESISTANCE Ohms V ama ELECTROLYTE SOIL or LIQUID BOX Figure 2 For this application the test leads are connected to the MILLER 400D as shown in Figure 2 With this arrangement the MILLER 400D displays the resistance of the soil sample or of the liquid that fills the electrolyte box based on the magnitude of the current flowing between terminals C1 and C2 and the voltage dropped between terminals P1 and P2 In general for a particular volume of soil sample or liquid as defined by the geometric constraints of the electrolyte box the sample s resistivity can be calculated from the resistance value displayed by the MILLER 400D using the following formula p RA L Where p is the resistivity in ohm cm R is the resistance in ohms A 1s the cross sectional area of the current electrodes in cm squared and L is the separation between the potential electrodes in e cm T 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer lOlPage MAN170 Consequently the ratio A L represents a multiplication factor that needs to be applied to the resistance reading in order to obtain the sample s resistivity value Conveniently for both M C Miller soil boxes the A L ratio is exactly 1cm Consequently when M C M
14. Resistance measured by the MILLER 400D ohms Distance between the electrode under test and the Potential Electrode see Figure 3 feet Figure 4 This type of plot assumes that the Current Electrode see Figure 3 1s positioned far enough away from the electrode under test so that a plateau region 1s obtained in the plot A 100 foot separation is typically recommended However it is suggested that a resistance versus distance curve be generated for any given situation in order to verify the existence of a plateau type region which will allow an accurate determination of the electrode to earth resistance Assuming that a plateau type region is obtained the resistance to earth value for the electrode under test will be the resistance value on the plot corresponding to the plateau region as illustrated 1n Figure 4 A general rule of thumb which assumes that the Current Electrode 1s positioned sufficiently far away from the electrode under test 1s that if the Potential Electrode 1s positioned at a distance from the test electrode of 0 62 x D where D 1s the distance between the electrode under test and the Current Electrode the resistance reading observed will correspond to the resistance to earth value for the electrode under test of 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Co
15. TH MEASUREMENT RESISTANCE Potential Current Electrode Electrode Anode or Grounding Rod Figure 3 As indicated in Figure 3 a jumper wire is connected between the C1 and P1 terminals on the MILLER 400D and test leads connect the Potential Electrode and the Current Electrode to terminals P2 and C2 respectively Finally a test lead connects the electrode under test a ground rod or an anode for example to the C1 terminal With this configuration the MILLER 400D passes a current between the test electrode and the Current Electrode and generates a resistance reading based on the voltage dropped between the electrode under test and the Potential Electrode The magnitude of the resistance reading will be a function of the separation distance between the electrode under test and the Potential Electrode with respect to a fixed position for the Current Electrode A characteristic resistance versus distance plot is illustrated in Figure 4 below T 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 12 Page MAN170 A characterisitic resistance versus distance plot assuming that the Current Electrode see Figure 3 is far enough away from the electrode under test EA Resistance to earth value EP AN EL LL Ll l1 l1 20 40 80
16. Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 331Page MAN170 As indicated in the window below an Export to Excel option is available via the File menu IPro CP Soil Resistivity Miller 400D is connected mm File Miller 400 Help New Open Curent Pin Spacing 1 3 Save Exit 20 00 feet Meter Value R Calculated Value F Remarks Known Station survey Direction 2000 00 feet surveyed MCM Survey IMPORTANT FINAL STEP It is important at the completion of a survey to disconnect the software application from the Miller 400D unit while the PDA or PC is in range of the unit Note Disconnecting the Bluetooth connection will allow the Bluetooth radio in the Miller 400D to switch OFF power saving mode after the LCD shuts down WARNING If the software disconnection process is not carried out within range of the Miller 400D the Bluetooth radio will remain ON even when the LCD automatically shuts down Select the Disconnect option from the Miller 400D menu while in range of the Miller 400D T 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 34 Page MAN170 Appendix 3 Influence of Test Lead Proximity leads separate or bound together on the Accuracy of Resistance Readings as meas
17. al voltage source has been switched off This situation would imply that the resistance measurement is compromised and the reading should be ignored Also the Steady ON presentation of the noise indicator will be observed during the Continuous Reading Mode in which readings are presented at 3 second intervals continuously should either of the following two scenarios occur A new resistance value is larger than twice the previous value or a new resistance value is smaller than half of the previous value Such scenarios could occur if the test leads are disturbed during the continuous reading process for example In this case readings should also be ignored Bluetooth Indicator If a Bluetooth enabled PDA or PC is being used to log resistance data generated by the MILLER 400D the Bluetooth Indicator will be ON when a link has been established between the MILLER 400D and the PDA or PC v 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer l6lPazse MAN170 Error Codes The following are the error codes that may be displayed on the LCD ah Erl Detected an internal power supply failure Er2 Detected an internal communications failure when sending Er3 Detected an internal communications failure when receiving Er4 Detected a calibration error Should any of above codes be disp
18. and S is the electrode separation in cm Typically the electrode pin spacing is not measured in centimeters but rather in feet in the U S or in meters in most other countries U S Example electrode spacing measured in feet Since there are 30 48 centimeters in 1 foot the above formula can be written as p Q cm 27 x 30 48 x electrode spacing in feet x R ohms or p Q cm 191 5 x electrode spacing in feet x R ohms So for example if the MILLER 400D displays a resistance value of 15 ohms for an electrode pin spacing of 20 feet the earth s average resistivity value to a depth of 20 feet would be p 191 5 x 20 x 15 57 450 ohm cm If the resistivity value is required to be expressed in ohm m rather than ohm cm the ohm cm value is divided by 100 In the above example the resistivity would be 574 5 ohm m Metric Example electrode spacing measured in meters Since there are 100 centimeters in 1 meter the above formula can be written as p Q cm 27 x 100 x electrode spacing in meters x R ohms or p Q cm 628 32 x electrode spacing in meters x R ohms So for example if the MILLER 400D displays a resistance value of 15 ohms for an electrode pin spacing of 7 meters the earth s average resistivity value to a depth of 7 meters would be p 628 32 x 7x 15 65 973 6 ohm cm If the resistivity value is required to be expressed in ohm m rather than ohm cm the ohm cm value is divided by 100 In
19. d then click the Yes button in response to the message Note A few seconds are required to establish a connection Also the above process may have to be repeated more than once for a Bluetooth connection to be established File Miller 400D File Miller 4000 Beea E keep Bluetooth Or Atter LED Shuts TET Calibrate ing 4 Always Calibrate Before Each Reading Get Device Configuration Device E High Resolution far LEE Dnsplau on Device Miller 4000 i x Send Device Configuration Display Resistance Reading inis LED Auto Shutoff In Minutes After Last Acton Please make sure the Miller 400D is turned on Continue Heading Ec NN Bipap Resistance Heading Save Conhiauratian Display Resistance Reading Save Contiguraton v 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 39 Page MANI 70 When a connection is established the window shown below will be displayed miller 400D Configuration Program ml xl File Miller 4000 iW Keep Bluetooth On After LCD Shuts Off Always Calibrate Before Each Reading High Resolution for LCD Display on Device i 0 Number of Continuous Readings 1 LED Auto Shutoff In Minutes After Last Action A eading a Display Resistance Heading Save Configu
20. ding Note For the Upstream selection it 1s important to enter a start station number that is sufficiently large so that the last data collection location on the survey still corresponds to a positive station number For the case of the Manually Entered Locations option it is not necessary to select the Survey Direction as only actual station numbers will be entered for each measurement location For this case the box labeled Known Station will be automatically checked as indicated on the above window since all locations will have known station numbers The start station number should be entered if known and a reading acquired by clicking on the Grab Resistance Value from Device button on the survey screen Alternatively the Read button on the Miller 400D meter can be depressed after first placing the curser in the Meter Value field T 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 MCG MILLER E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 301Page MAN170 Note The reading acquisition time is approximately 5 seconds in either case The acquired resistance reading will appear in the Meter Value R field and the calculated resistivity value based on the pin spacing will appear in the Calculated Value p field All calculated resistivity values are in ohm cm units Enter any textual remarks in the Remarks
21. e process may have to be repeated more than once for a Bluetooth connection to be established Pro CP Soil Resistivity Miller 400D is Not connected l zox Resistivity Miller 400D is File Miler 400 Help File Miller 400 Help Search MCM MILLE Kee Miller 400D xi New Survey File 7 o Please make sure the Miller 400D is turned on Continue Open Survey File v 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 42 Page MAN170 When a connection is established the window shown below will be displayed Note that the window title shows that the 400D is now connected E Pro CP Soil Resistivity Miller 400D is connected E eda xi File Miller 400 Help e New Survey File Open Survey File You can now create a New survey or continue an existing survey by clicking the Open Survey File button v 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer
22. ence of test lead proximity on the accuracy of AC resistance meter readings suuuee 34 Appendix 4 Specifications cece cece eee e eee e eee eneneeeeeeeaenees 35 Appendix 5 Connecting Configuration Program and Pro CP Soil Resistivity Program via PC based Bluetooth adapter ccc ccc cece ccc ce eee e eee eneeneenees 36 of 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 3lPage MAN170 FCC Statement The Miller 400D Resistance Meter meets current FCC radio frequency exposure guidelines and complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules FCC Equipment Authorization ID POOWML C40 SECTION 1 DESCRIPTION When combined with appropriate electrodes pins and test leads the MILLER 400D can be used to measure earth resistance with the push of a button There is no need to adjust dials or select ranges the MILLER 400D automatically provides a direct resistance reading In addition to taking and recording readings manually see Section 2 a Bluetooth enabled computer PDA laptop etc can be programmed to acquire resistance readings directly from the Miller 400D since the resistance meter has a built in Bluetooth interface see Section 3 In the latter case the PDA or PC which is in control of the Bluetooth link commands the Miller 400D to take a read
23. guration Program and Pro CP Soil Resistivity Program via PC based Bluetooth adapter A Bluetooth adapter integrated or USB type can be used to connect the Miller 400D to your PC Refer to the below Bluetooth settings for this type of adapter 5 COM Forts Options com Ports Hardware Options ts Hardware This ani using the COM serial ports listed below To determine whether you need a COM port read the documentation that came with yaur Bluetaath device Discovery v Allow Bluetooth devices to find this computer To protect your privacy select this check box only when you want a Bluetooth device to find this computer Connections M Allow Bluetooth devices to connect to this computer Alert me when a new Bluetooth device wants to connect v Show the Bluetooth icon in the notification area Change settings for a Bluetooth enabled device Restore Defaults O HE Bik wtb 441m EE Add Rernaowve Choose a COM port fora Bluetooth enabled device cael __ Q E Bs th tom EE T 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 37 Page MANI 70O A Bluetooth connection is initiated by the Configuration Program via the following procedure With the PC within range within 30 feet of the 400D left mouse click on t
24. he Miller 400D menu and click on the Connect Search option as indicated below left side This will initiate the search for Bluetooth devices When a device is found the message on the below right side will appear Een Miller 400D Configuration Program File Miller 4000 Disconnect Calibrate nd Get Device Configuration Device Send Device Configuration Display Resistance Reading ings LED Auto Shutatf Im Minutes After Last Acton Heading Display Resistance Reading Save Lontguration O x 5 keep Bluetooth rer LED Shute OH E Aways Lalbrate Before Each Heading E High Resolution tor CED Display on Device Miller400D X Drsplay Resistance Heading Save Hontiguration Click the OK button At this point a Bluetooth device has been found we still have to connect to the device presumably the 400D device was found IMIG MILLER co v 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 E mail sales mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 381Page MAN170 At this point left mouse click on the Miller 400D menu and click on the Connect gt MCM_Miller400D device as indicated below left side A following message below right side will be displayed to make sure the 400D is powered on Depress the Read button on the 400D which turns the unit ON an
25. iller soil boxes are used the reading in ohms or KQ displayed on the MILLER 400D becomes the resistivity value in ohm cm or kQ cm If the resistivity value is required to be expressed in ohm m rather than ohm cm the ohm cm value is divided by 100 For example a resistivity value of 2500 ohm cm would be equivalent to 25 ohm m 3 ELECTRODE APPLICATION The 3 Electrode Application can be used to measure the resistance to earth of a buried electrode such as a buried ground rod or a buried anode In this case two of the electrodes are pins driven into the earth and the third electrode is the test electrode itself for example a ground rod or an anode A resistance to earth measurement will actually comprise 3 components the resistance of the electrode itself the resistance of the ground rod or anode material for example including test leads the electrode earth contact resistance and the resistance of the surrounding earth Typically the resistance of the surrounding earth 1s the largest component of the resistance to earth measurement The three electrodes are positioned in a straight line ideally as indicated in Figure 3 below v 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer ll1iPage MAN170 3 ELECTRODE APPLICATION ELECTRODE GROUNDING ROD or ANODE RESISTANCE TO EAR
26. ing and the resistance value 1s sent automatically to the PDA or PC Depending on the application 4 Electrode 3 Electrode or 2 Electrode the MILLER 400D can be used to determine the following e The average earth resistivity to a specific depth with the application of an appropriate multiplier to convert resistance to resistivity based on the electrode separation distance 4 Electrode Application e The resistivity of a soil sample or of a liquid via an electrolyte soil liquid box with the application of an appropriate multiplier to convert resistance to resistivity depending on the box geometry 4 Electrode Application e Theresistance to earth of a buried electrode such as a ground rod or an anode for example 3 Electrode Application e The resistance between two buried electrodes such as two ground rods or two anodes 2 Electrode Application The MILLER 400D has a resistance measurement range with automatic ranging from 0 01 to LOM Over the range 0 0142 to IMQ the specified meter accuracy is 1 6 1 LS display digit 0 01 and over the range MQ to LOMQ the specified accuracy is 5 1 LS display digit Note For load resistances gt 1 MQ in addition to internal meter errors errors associated with test lead v 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corr
27. layed please contact the M C Miller Company SECTION 6 MAINTENANCE amp CALIBRATION Other than changing the batteries the MILLER 400D requires no maintenance The procedure to change the 5 D size alkaline batteries in the unit is as follows Unscrew both battery holder covers rotate covers clockwise to unscrew and remove the old batteries Install five 1 5 Volt D size alkaline batteries positive terminals facing out 3 batteries in one holder and 2 batteries in the other and replace the battery holder covers rotate covers counter clockwise With respect to calibration the MILLER 400D is self calibrating and the user can select to have the unit calibrate itself before every measurement or can select to have the unit self calibrate at his her request default setting If the latter selection is made the self calibration process 1s initiated by depressing the Read button for a period of 10 seconds When performing an auto self calibration the LCD will be as shown below ah ji The Q symbol located at the bottom right hand corner of the LCD will flash ON and OFF during the calibration process and will stop flashing when the re calibration sequence is complete approximately a 10 second process The unit self calibrates after the batteries have been replaced T 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 MCG MILLER 2 E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com
28. lilPage MAN170 MILLER 400D DIGITAL RESISTANCE METER USER S MANUAL Revised Oct 31 2014 4 IMG MILLER co of 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer A2 Page MANI 70O CONTENTS Page oection 1 Description i cesionos ebria Ett e ERRARE Canoe ebat e sape 3 section 2 How to Take Resistance Readings Manually 4 section 3 Logging Resistance Readings on a Bluetooth Enabled Computer PDA Laptop etc Lssueeeeeeeese 5 Section 4 Applications 0 cece ccc cece cence eee eI eene 5 4 Electrode Applications 0 0 cccece ence cee eeeeeeeeeeeaaens 5 Earth Resistivity Measurement esses 5 Soil Sample Resistivity Measurement esses 8 3 Electrode Application 0 cece cece ence cece eee eeeeenee eee 10 2 Electrode Application ssssssssesssesesesesesesesesesesese 13 Section 5 Status Indicators and Error Codes 14 Section 6 Maintenance amp Calibration snssssnsesuseseseesesessss 16 Appendix 1 How to Change Settings from their default values Using the Miller 400D Configuration Program 17 Appendix 2 How to use the ProCP Soil Resistivity Survey Program in conjunction with the Miller 400D 27 Appendix 3 Influ
29. ller 400D menu and click on the Connect Search option as indicated below left side This will initiate the search for Bluetooth devices Pro CP Soil Resistivity Miller 400D is Not connected File Miller 400 Help Disconnect New Survey File Open Survey File Pro CP Soil Resistivity Miller 400D is Not connected Pro CP Soil Resistivity Miller 400D is Not connected Miller400D X o Searching Complete Found 1 Device s OK During the search a progress window may appear above left side When a device is found the message on the above right side will appear Click the OK button At this point a Bluetooth device has been found we still have to connect to the device presumably the 400D device was found T 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 41 Page MAN170 At this point left mouse click on the Miller 400D menu and click on the Connect gt MCM_Miller400D device as indicated below left side A following message below right side will be displayed to make sure the 400D is powered on Depress the Read button on the 400D which turns the unit ON and then click the Yes button in response to the message Note A few seconds are required to establish a connection Also the abov
30. ng the connection of the 400D to a PC equipped with a Bluetooth adapter The Bluetooth connection is initiated and subsequently maintained by the software program ProCP Soil Resistivity using the following procedure With the PDA or PC within range within 30 feet of the Miller 400D left mouse click or tap on the Miller 400D menu and click or tap on the Connect option as indicated below T 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 23 Page MAN170 Pro CP Soil Resistivity Miller 400D is Not connected O F3 File Miller 400 Help Connect Mew Survey File iw Open Survey File The following message will be displayed Make sure that the Miller 400D is turned ON At this point depress the Read button on the Miller 400D which turns the unit ON and immediately click or tap on the Yes button in response to the message Note The above process may have to be repeated more than once for a Bluetooth connection to be established Approximately 16 seconds are required to establish a connection and to have the software be in control of the Bluetooth radio in the Miller 400D unit The window shown below will be displayed when a Bluetooth connection has been successfully established Please note the header indication Miller
31. oc From GPS Include Altitude 3 Reading Interval feet Add C3 Manually Entered Locations T Note all numbers are in feet MCM Survey Options Field Pipeline Name Enter a name for the pipeline over which the survey is being conducted if known Location Type By clicking or tapping on the drop down menu button in the Location Type field a selection can be made regarding how locations are displayed Station Milepost or Miles plus Feet or their metric equivalents Use Metric Make this selection for metric distance units rather than U S distance units With this box checked all distances will be 1n metric units select one of the following options regarding stationing measurement location information along the pipeline T 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 MCG MILLER E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 27 Page MANI 70O Calc Pipe Loc from GPS With this option the distance between the previous measurement location and the current measurement location is calculated by the software and a station number 1s presented for the current position based on the station number of the previous measurement location The starting station number if known is entered on the survey screen prior to logging the first reading see below Note A straight line will be assumed between any two GPS locations
32. om each other in cases where the soil resistance is greater than IMQ So for example in the case of the M C Miller 4 test lead reel the test leads should be physically separated from each other ties removed if very high 21M resistances are to be measured Note This should only be an issue for soil with essentially zero moisture content since a IMQ soil resistance translates to a 1 000 x 10 Q cm soil resistivity for a 5 feet pin spacing for example T 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 351Page MAN170 Appendix 4 Specifications Storage temperature range with batteries installed Operating temperature range Weight Width Length Height Accuracy 0 01 2 to IMQ range IMQ to I0M O range Note The High Resolution LCD Display Mode should only be used for resistance values less than 1 ohm v 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 40 C to 50 C 40 F to 122 F 20 C to 54 C 4 F to 129 F 8 6 lbs 3 9kg 12in 30 5cm 10 51n 26 7cm 5 751n 14 6cm 1 6 1LS Display Digit 30 01 5 1LS Display Digit Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 MCG MILLER Co E mail sales mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 361Page MAN170 Appendix 5 Connecting Confi
33. on for LCD Display on Device 1 0 Number of Continuous Readings LCD Auto Shutoff In Minutes After Last Action Heading Display Resistance Reading Save Configuration Changes to the power saving default settings can be made 1f necessary via the above window Also a reading can be initiated and the meter reading can be displayed on the above window either by clicking or tapping on the Display Resistance Reading button or by depressing the Read button on the Miller 400D The reading acquisition time 1s 3 5 seconds See the window below for an example T 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 211Page MAN170 Miller 400D Configuration Pro Mx Miller 400D _ Keep Bluetooth On After LCD Shuts Off Always Calibrate Before Each Reading High Resolution for LCD Display on Device 10 Number of Continuous Readings LCD Auto Shutoff In Minutes After Last Action Heading Save Configuration Finally click or tap on the Save Configuration button if any changes were made and then select the Disconnect option from the Miller 400D menu while in range of the Miller 400D Note Disconnecting the Bluetooth connection will allow the Bluetooth radio 1n the Miller 400D to switch OFF power saving mode after the LCD shuts down
34. ons and Pin Spacing selections click or tap on the Survey button lower right hand corner which will pull up the survey screen An example survey screen is shown below for the case of 3 pin spacing values having been entered 20 feet 10 feet and 5 feet of 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 29 Page MANI 70O Pro CP Soil Resistivity Miller 400D is connected fe X File Miller 400 Help Note all calculated readings are in ohm cm Location Current Pin Spacing 2000 1 3 20 00 feet pm Grab Resistance Meter Value R Calculated Value F gt Value from Device Remarks C Known Station survey Direction 2000 00 feet surveyed MCM Survey As indicated in the above window the software is ready to acquire the meter value resistance value associated with the first of three pin spacing s 20 foot pin spacing in this example case A selection should be made for the Survey Direction either Downstream or Upstream This selection 1s important with regard to the first two Location Method options namely the Calc Pipe Loc from GPS and Reading Interval options Downstream implies that the stationing will be increasing with each logged reading and Upstream implies that the stationing will be decreasing with each logged rea
35. osion Engineer 4 Page MAN170 proximity can also be significant please see Appendix 3 for details It should be noted however that these accuracy specifications assume a low electrode pin earth contact resistance during the measurement In this regard it is recommended that the electrodes pins be firmly driven into the earth pins cannot be loose and in dry soils it is recommended that the soil around the pins be moistened in order that reliable low resistance contact be made to the surrounding soil The voltage source inside the MILLER 400D that supplies the current used in the resistance measurement is a 12V rms crystal controlled 82 2Hz square wave oscillator and the internal ammeter and voltmeter use very narrow band pass filters centered at 82 2Hz What this means is that resistance measurements are unaffected by any stray interference signals having frequencies other than 82 2Hz that may be present in the earth during the measurement The MILLER 400D runs on a set of replaceable D size alkaline batteries so there is no requirement to periodically re charge the unit or to plug the unit into a power source Furthermore due to its extremely low power consumption design the MILLER 400D can perform 10 000 single resistance readings for example on a fresh set of batteries SECTION 2 HOW TO TAKE RESISTANCE READINGS MANUALLY The Read Button is used to initiate a resistance measurement once electrodes and test leads are approp
36. ration Note that the window above has all the fields and buttons enabled You can now perform changes to the power saving default settings or a reading can be initiated and the meter reading can be displayed on the above window either by clicking or tapping on the Display Resistance Reading button or by depressing the Read button on the Miller 400D The reading acquisition time may take 3 5 seconds Other considerations e If the Bluetooth is set to remain on after LCD shuts down battery life will be reduced during long term storage De select this prior to storage e tis suggested that the LCD Auto shut off be set to 5 minutes for most applications This setting can be changed to suit your needs e High resolution mode on LCD Display should only be used for resistance values under 1Q of 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 40 Page MAN170 A Bluetooth connection is initiated by the Pro CP Soil Resistivity program in a similar manner as shown previously for the Configuration Program However note that the Pro CP window title will show whether the 400D is connected or not connected The following procedure describes this connection process With the PC within range within 30 feet of the 400D left mouse click on the Mi
37. riately connected to the MILLER 400D as indicated in the Applications Section Section 4 A single resistance reading is initiated by depressing the read button once momentarily for a period of less than 2 seconds The Q symbol on the LCD will flash On and Off when a reading 1s being performed When the reading has been accomplished the value will be displayed and the appropriate units highlighted MQ KQ or 2 ah The LCD will be as indicated 1n cases where the measured HIB 7 resistance 1s higher than 10MQ Ah T AACM 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIG MILLER co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer S Page MAN170 The resistance reading will be displayed for a period of time 1 minute by default after which the LCD will go blank until the read button is momentarily depressed again to take another reading Another reading can also be initiated while the previous reading value is being displayed By depressing the read button twice rather than once continuous resistance readings will be initiated In the continuous mode a resistance reading will be taken and displayed every 3 seconds The process is terminated by depressing the read button a third time Also the process will self terminate after 10 readings by default Although this mode consumes more battery power it may be desirable
38. rrosion Engineer 13 Page MAN170 This particular configuration is illustrated in Figure 3 For example if the distance between the electrode under test and the Current Electrode is 100 feet the Potential Electrode should be positioned 62 feet from the electrode under test However again it is suggested that resistance versus distance plots be generated in each instance 2 ELECTRODE APPLICATION The 2 Electrode Application can be used to measure the resistance between two buried electrodes such as two ground rods or two anodes for example In this case the two electrodes are the two buried components Figure 5 below illustrates the measurement configuration 2 ELECTRODE APPLICATION RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT BETWEEN TWO ELECTRODES GROUND RODS or ANODES RESISTANCE Ohms Anode or Anode or Grounding Rod Grounding Rod Figure 5 T 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 14 Page MAN170 As indicated in Figure 5 in this configuration jumper wires are connected between terminals C1 and P1 and between terminals C2 and P2 In addition test leads connect one of the electrodes to terminal C1 and the other electrode to terminal C2 Another configuration option which is recommended for use when measuring small resistances is to connect the potential
39. t each measurement location for soil resistivity versus depth profiling purposes Enter a value for the first pin spacing in feet or meters in the field opposite the Add button and click or tap on the Add button This will place the pin spacing value into the Pin Spacing field Repeat this process for each of your pin spacing values The window shown below indicates how the pin spacing values appear for the example case of 3 entered values 20 feet 10 feet and 5 feet Note Pin spacing values should be entered in the order in of 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 26 Page MANI 70O which the resistance readings are planned to be taken since the reading prompts will appear automatically in the same listed order see the Survey Screen section below Note Highlighted pin spacings can be removed from the Pin Spacing field using the Remove button Pro CP Soil Resistivity Miller 400D is connected Len Li x File Miller 400 Help Options Pin Spacing Pipeline Name line 20 s 10 Er 5 Location Type Station Use Metric Choose a Location methad Cale Pipe Loc From GPS O Reading Interval feet Manually Entered Locations Note all numbers are in feet MCM Survey Survey Screen After making Opti
40. terminals Pl and P2 directly to the electrodes with separate test leads thus eliminating the jumper wires Such a configuration eliminates any voltage drop in the test leads due to current flow in the leads which would appear in series with the voltage drop occurring between the electrodes in the case of the configuration shown in Figure 5 The reading displayed on the MILLER 400D will be a direct measurement of resistance comprising 2 components the resistance to earth contribution of each electrode which itself comprises 3 components see the 3 Electrode Application section above and the earth s resistance between the two electrodes SECTION 5 STATUS INDICATORS amp ERROR CODES Status Indicators There are 3 status indicators on the MILLER 400D A light bar in the LCD positioned opposite each of 3 icons will indicate particular scenarios The 3 icons are shown below and are located to the left hand side of the LCD From top to bottom the icons represent the battery the noise status and the Bluetooth radio Ah gt Battery Indicator The battery indicator provides a warning that it s time to replace the batteries in the MILLER 400D see the Maintenance amp Calibration Section Section 6 for details The indicator bar opposite the battery icon will be ON when there is only 20 of the charge remaining and the indicator will flash ON and OFF when there is 10 or less charge remaining When the battery charge is at a cri
41. tically low level the unit will not perform a resistance measurement Consequently it is recommended that batteries be replaced when the battery indicator first lights up T 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 15 Page MAN170 Noise Indicator Generally speaking readings taken by the MILLER 400D are not affected by external noise sources since the unit employs narrow band pass filters centered at 82 2Hz which makes interference from 50Hz 60Hz 100Hz or 120Hz signals for example highly unlikely However to guarantee accurate resistance measurements the MILLER 400D examines all signals appearing at its input terminals and the noise indicator alerts the user to specific issues as follows Flashing On and Off presentation Indicates that the unit has detected a large voltage gt 35V at its input terminals in front of the filter Should such large external sources appear across the input terminals the unit will disconnect itself Any displayed resistance values on the LCD should be ignored when the noise indicator is flashing On and Off Note Once the over voltage 1s removed the unit should be re started by momentarily depressing the Read button Steady ON presentation Indicates that the unit has detected external interference signals after the filter when its intern
42. ured by an AC Resistance Meter Resistance Meter Miller 400D 4 Terminal Digital Resistance Meter Experimental Test Leads Four 12 feet long cables 16 AWG insulated wire Test Lead Configurations Case 1 test leads physically separate Case 2 test leads bound together via ties Resistance reading with Resistance reading with Test lead test leads separated test leads bound together proximity related from each other measurement error For load resistances greater than IMQ in addition to internal meter errors errors associated with test lead proximity can also be significant as indicated above When test leads are in close physical contact with each other mutual capacitance and mutual inductance effects can impact the current and voltage respectively and hence the resultant resistance value In such cases the load appearing across the input terminals of the meter is not purely resistive but has reactive components as well In particular an effective shunt capacitor due to the test leads being in close proximity will bleed off some of the current current that would have otherwise flowed through the resistive soil leading to inaccurate resistance values High resistance readings are particularly affected by the shunt capacitance since the output currents are so small in such cases and the current leakage effect is therefore magnified The solution to this issue is to make sure that the test leads are physically separated fr
43. veys G Stripper Data loggers G Symantec t amp Training Courses Materials m Make New Folder Cancel Following target folder identification enter a name for the survey file as indicated in the window shown below and click or tap on the Accept button In the example shown the survey file name is MCM survey Pro CP Soil Resistivity Miller 400D is connected File Miller 400 Help New Survey Options Survey Name MCM Survey survey Folder C Documents and SettingsRobertMy E After selecting Accept the window shown below the Options Screen will be displayed T 11640 US Hwy 1 Sebastian FL 32958 Tel 1 772 794 9448 Fax 1 772 589 9072 IMIGMILLER Co E mail sales 9 mcmiller com Web Site www mcmiller com Instruments and Software for the Corrosion Engineer 26 lPage MANI 70O Re opening a pre existing survey file A pre existing saved survey file can be re opened perhaps to continue adding data to the file To do so click or tap on the Open Survey File button and highlight the name of the survey file to be opened and click or tap on the Open button on the Open ProCP Soil Resisitivity Survey window At this point the window shown below the Survey Screen will be displayed iPro CP Soil Resistivity Miller 400D is connected iJ a x File Miller 400 Help Options Fin Spacing s Pipeline Name I o L Use Metric Choose a Location methad Calc Pipe L
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