Hayden Padden Fuel Challenge
Contents
1. DashDyno SPD ProPack DashDyno SPD combines a scan tool performance meter and data logger into one easy to use instrument for the automotive enthusiast Measure instant and average fuel economy data log engine sensors and GPS position measure horsepower and torque trigger alarms lights read clear your dashboard Check Engine light and more Access to thousands of generic and enhanced diagnostic trouble code definitions displayed directly on screen Recorded data may be viewed directly on DashDyno or using a PC with the included Dyno Scan for Windows software English and Metric units of measure supported The software supports a PC with Windows XP Vista 7 or Macintosh computer running Parallels Desktop for Mac Connect a Windows PC to your vehicle Use the DashDyno pass through mode and the included Dyno Scan for Windows software to perform advanced vehicle diagnostics DashDyno is a handheld in vehicle display and PC based scan tool all in one Package Contents The A 501 DashDyno SPD ProPack kit includes DashDyno SPD DashDyno SPD Software CD ROM S 102 Dyno Scan for Windows software OBD II Cable O 102 DashDyno Serial GPS Cable C 160 USB Cable A to Mini B C 152 Quick Release Suction Cup Windshield Mount C 200 Female Quick Release Mounting Screws AC Adapter C 201 Cable Tie Quick Start Guide Electronic User Manual Key Features All 1996 and later vehicles supported including American Asian and Europe2. 2 channel digital oscilloscope mode Customizable sensor conversion formulas Software wizards offer step by step guidance Corrects measurements for inaccurate speedometer due to non stock tire size Read and clear diagnostic trouble codes Enhanced and generic code definitions displayed on screen Turn off Check Engine or Service Engine Soon light Line graphs bar graphs meters and gauges All graph screens zoom in out and scroll right left up down Axis labels auto hide after 3 seconds providing unobstructed graph views Min max axis labels update with zoom and scroll 256 point per channel buffer on graph screens J1850 VPW PWM ISO 9141 ISO 14320 KWP and ISO 15765 CAN bus protocols CAN bus 6x mode reads six sensors at once from the vehicle Easy installation plugs into the vehicle OBD II diagnostic port Low profile OBD II cable connector 13 Appendix 4 Road Trip Fuel Consumption Test Results Date Fuel Type Vehicle Vehicle Data Odometer start Odometer finish Trip distance DashDyno Data Average Economy Fuel Used Average Speed Distance Travelled Drive Time Idle Time Idle Time Refuelling Container Tare weight Fuel Density Fuel Temperature 20 08 2012 Industry 98 Driver John to Putararu Hayden to Taupo Skoda Plate No GHP 686 Ty
3. Fuel Economy 2 6 583 litres 100km from dash dyno trip meter 15 Date Fuel Type Vehicle Vehicle Data Odometer start Odometer finish Trip distance DashDyno Data Average Economy Fuel Used Average Speed Distance Travelled Drive Time Idle Time Idle Time Refuelling Container Tare weight Fuel Density Fuel Temperature 22 08 2012 Hayden to Hunterville John to U95 Driver Wellington Skoda Plate No GHP 686 Tyre Pressures Front Raar L R L R Start 32 32 30 5 30 5 Finish 32 32 30 30 2719 km 3100 km 380 5 km 6 9 26 09 65 2 380 5 5 49 0 53 15 4 1 804 kg 0 7424 kg l 13 C Weighed 1 2 Brim Brim amounts kg kg kg kg Full weight 14 938 12 524 1 248 Empty weight 2 61 6 902 0 976 Amount 12 328 5 622 0 272 Calculated volume 16 606 7 573 0 366 Total volume 24 545 litres Fuel Economy 1 6 451 litres 100km from vehicle trip meter Fuel Economy 2 6 451 litres 100km from dash dyno trip meter 16 Date Fuel Type Vehicle Vehicle Data Odometer start Odometer finish Trip distance DashDyno Data Average Economy Fuel Used Average Speed Distance Travelled Drive Time Idle Time Idle Time Refuelling Container Tare weight Fuel Density Fuel Temperature 22 08 2012 John to Hunte
4. power and part load fuel consumption and exhaust emissions on one car using the three fuels To achieve this the following test sequence was undertaken e Power emissions and fuel consumption on Car 1 registration number GKN 577 using ZX fuel e Power emissions and fuel consumption on Car 2 registration number GHP 686 using XZ industry 95 and industry 98 fuels The power tests measured full throttle power in 3 gear from 3500 to 6000 rev min which equated to a road speed range of approximately 65 km h to 98 km h It was not possible to test at a lower speed than this due to the gearbox kicking down into 2 gear creating a dangerous condition on the dynamometer For the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption tests both a transient drive cycle and steady speeds were used The drive cycle was the IM240 which is a 240 second portion of the US Federal FTP 75 cycle and is used for Inspection and Maintenance emissions testing in the US The profile of the IM240 cycle is given in Appendix 2 The steady speeds were 50 km h and 100 km h Exhaust emissions of CO HC NOx and CO were measured using the Constant Volume Sampling technigue and processed to give results in g km units Fuel consumption was calculated in L 100km units from the emissions data using a carbon balance methodology As a cross check on the fuel consumption results both vehicles were fitted with Auterra DashDynos details of which are given in Appendix 3 These were lef
5. Table 1 Chassis dynamometer emissions and fuel consumption Test Car 1 Car 2 GKN577 GHP686 Fuel Fuel ZX ZX Ind 95 Ind 98 IM240 CO g km 0 219 0 073 0 093 0 083 HC g km 0 006 0 003 0 002 0 001 NOx g km 0 039 0 005 0 020 0 001 Fuel Cons L 100km CB 7 59 7 25 7 37 7 71 Fuel Cons L 100km DD 7 64 7 40 7 58 7 60 50km h CO g km 0 028 0 028 0 055 0 028 HC g km 0 001 0 002 0 001 0 001 NOx g km 0 001 n m n m 0 002 Fuel Cons L 100km CB 4 38 4 26 4 27 4 53 Fuel Cons L 100km DD 4 91 4 58 4 85 4 58 100km h CO g km 0 172 0 133 0 160 0 126 HC g km 0 008 0 005 0 006 0 006 NOx g km 0 002 n m n m n m Fuel Cons L 100km CB 7 59 7 23 7 48 7 36 Fuel Cons L 100km DD 7 52 7 65 7 58 7 50 CB Carbon Balance DD DashDyno n m not measurable Comparison of the fuel consumptions for both vehicles on ZX fuel indicated that Car 1 had a slightly higher consumption than Car 2 in the range 3 to 4 The fuel consumption as measured by the DashDyno was in most cases higher than that measured by the Carbon Balance method from the emissions in the range 2 to 12 Comparison of the three fuels on car 2 indicated that ZX provided the lowest fuel consumption with industry 98 being the highest over the IM240 cycle and at 50 km h Exhaust emissions rates were very low for all conditions and there were no significant trends between the three fuels 3 Roa
6. UNISELVICES c The University of Auckland Auckland UniServices Limited Private Bag 92019 AMC Level 10 UniServices House Auckland 1142 New Zealand 70 Symonds Street Auckland www uniservices co nz 64 9 373 7522 Hayden Padden Fuel Challenge Prepared for Z Energy Ltd Authors K Jones S Elder and D Hobbis Energy amp Fuels Research Unit Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Auckland 18 September 2012 Project No 32041 001 Data results and conclusions presented in this report must be reproduced in full Contents 1 Introdudt Of sessi ceeacees aktiks mdash ont dias ahmis kom akadi hk 3 2 Chassis Dynamometer Power Fuel Consumption and Emissions Comparison 3 2 1 Test Results and Discussion x nrnnennnnnnn enne nene n annae ne nn enne nene 4 3 Road Trip Fuel Consumption Comparison nrnnenennnennn nn nene anna nn ann nnnnnne 6 3 1 Results and DISCUSSION nv vaas edasine a EE E venta en iiaean ee eee 6 4 Acceleration COmpanSOnswaiiscciatisrtipeidsiiasisetinavtiadsanionss ika oieeleonied aa ligasatiasaldiee 7 Ds KONGIS IANS ticetrtindextdesiiinane maaalal ala alamaadli aktant 9 Appendix 1 Skoda Octavia Wagon Specifications x nurnnnnne nene ne naene eea 10 Appendix 2 IM240 Drive Cycle renernnnnnenennnnn nene nene ne nene ranna nannnnnanaaannnnas 11 Appendix 3 Auterra DashDy
7. an Windows XP Vista and Windows 7 Supported 32 bit and 64 bit all versions Easy installation no hard wiring required 280 selectable parameters and simultaneously record up to 16 English and Metric units of measure Enhanced OBD II parameters Includes Dyno Scan for Windows software for PC based diagnostics Can be dash mounted or handheld Quick release windshield mount option Powerful 32 bit microprocessor SD MMC card slot for recording data Auto Record feature for no touch long term recording over days weeks or months 12 Backlit high contrast LCD display with temperature contrast compensation Auto power on when vehicle is started Trip computer with instant and average fuel economy Record GPS data using an external GPS receiver View GPS data within Google Earth TrackVision data file export for making in car videos TrackVision sold separately Powered from an OBD II cable or A C adapter Measures Horsepower and Torque corrected per SAE 1349 0 60mph 1 8 and 1 4 mile and top speed Playback recorded data and use fast forward reverse for quick navigation Three user programmable alarm lights Record play and keyboard shift key indicator lights 8 button backlit keypad with secondary functions USB port for connection to a PC Two expansion ports for optional accessories and sensor logging Four external analog inputs a digital input a digital output and a serial port Analog input range select 0 6V 0 12V and 0 24V
8. d Trip Fuel Consumption Comparison In order to maximise the accuracy of the road trip fuel consumption comparison results a number conditions were applied The weight of the two vehicles were made as close as possible Hayden and his partner Katie travelled together in one car To match the weights John carried luggage in his The vehicles were required to travel one behind the other but not so close that the second car would benefit from the slipstream of the first Overtaking was to be planned so that both vehicles could overtake together Idling periods were to be the same Both vehicles were drive in automatic mode D7 The tyre pressures were set the same on both cars The windows were closed at all times with the climate control air conditioning on at the same setting The drivers interchanged cars once on each leg at Putararu on the Auckland Taupo leg and Hunterville on the Taupo Wellington leg All fuelling refuelling was carried out on a level surface using manual filling from containers by the same person to ensure consistency of procedure The fuel consumption measurement procedure was as follows a Both vehicles were fully fuelled at the University of Auckland Faculty of Engineering 3 1 Car 1 was filled with ZX and car 2 with industry 98 The vehicles trip meters and the DashDynos were zeroed Upon arrival in Taupo both vehicles were refuelled at the same location with their respective fuels to the same l
9. evel as in Auckland with the weights of the fuels being recorded The densities of the fuels were measured and the weights converted to volumetric units The trip meters and DashDyno readings were recorded Prior to leaving Taupo both vehicles were fully filled car 1 with ZX and car 2 with industry 95 after having drained all the 98 at Taupo Motorsport Park Trip meters and DashDynos were reset to zero On arrival in Wellington both vehicles were refuelled in the same manner as for Taupo Trip meters and DashDyno readings were again recorded Results and Discussion The fuel consumption rates measured for the two legs for the two cars are shown in Table 2 Full details of all measurements are given in Appendix 4 Table 2 Road Trip Fuel Consumption Auckland to Taupo Car Fuel Litres L 100 km Trip L 100 km DD 1 ZX 19 742 6 55 6 58 2 Ind 98 20 258 6 72 6 77 Taupo to Wellington Car Fuel Litres L 100 km Trip L 100 km DD 1 ZX 24 291 6 40 6 44 2 Ind 95 24 545 6 45 6 45 On the Auckland to Taupo leg the fuel consumption of Car 1 using ZX fuel was 2 5 to 2 8 less than Car 2 using industry 98 fuel depending on which distance measurement method is used On the Taupo to Wellington leg the fuel consumption of Car 1 using ZX fuel was marginally lower than Car 2 using industry 95 but the difference was so small as to be considered insignificant T
10. gon Specifications SIMPLY CLEVER SKODA Octavia Wagon Specification Model Year 2012 Issued February 2012 Manual 37 000 39 000 Automatic 39 500 41 500 44 000 Technical Data Engine Type Turbo Petrol Turbo Diesel Turbo Petrol Displacement cm 1 390 1 598 1 798 Power Output KW pm 90 5 000 77 4400 118 4 500 6 200 Torque Nm pm 200 1 500 4 000 250 1 500 2 500 250 1 500 4 500 Cylinders 4 4 4 Drive train Front Wheel Drive Front Wheel Drive Front Wheel Drive Transmission manual 5 speed Manual 5 speed Manual NIA Transmission automatic 7 speed DSG 7 speed DSG 7 speed DSG Efficiency 0 Fuel Economy EU In Town Litres 100km 8 5 8 0 57 5 6 91 Fuel Economy EU Out of Town Litres 100km 5 0 53 39 4 2 54 Fuel Economy EU Combined Litres 100km 63 63 45 47 66 CO Emissions g km 148 147 119 123 155 Diesel Particulate Fitter NA std NIA Emissions Standard EUS EUS EUS 0 100 km hin seconds 9 8 9 8 11 9 12 1 79 Maximum speed in km h 202 201 189 189 222 Drag Coefficient 0 30 0 30 0 30 Dimensions Lenath mm 4 569 4 569 4 569 Width mm 1 769 1 769 1 769 Height mm 1 468 1 468 1 468 Luggage Capacity litres 580 1 620 580 1 620 580 1 620 Fuel Capacity litres 55 55 55 10 Appendix 2 IM240 Drive Cycle Speed km h 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 50 100 Time secs 150 200 250 11 Appendix 3 Auterra Dash Dyno
11. hese trends are consistent with the dynamometer test results which found the industry 98 fuel to provide the highest fuel consumption and ZX the lowest The dynamometer tests indicated that the fuel consumption of Car 2 was around 3 higher than Car 1 for the same fuel and driving conditions Factoring this into the road trip results would indicate that the fuel consumption with ZX was around 3 lower than industry 95 and around 5 lower that industry 98 4 Acceleration Comparisons At Taupo Motorsport Park two tests were undertaken e Side by side drag runs comparing Car 1 using ZX with Car 2 using both industry 95 and 98 The vehicles were driven in auto mode to eliminate possible gear shift variations The DashDynos were used to record the acceleration characteristics speed and distance of both cars Repeat runs were undertaken for each fuel car to ensure consistency of results e Circuits of Track 2 by both Hayden and John using both cars with the three fuels to subjectively assess the performance of the fuels Figures 3 4 and 5 show typical speed time traces for the three fuels 180 m e N E S E x v v a N 10000 15000 20000 25000 Time milliseconds Figure 3 Acceleration comparisons of ZX and industry 95 lt Ss E lt mo v o Q N 10000 15000 20000 25000 Time milliseconds Figure 4 Acceleration comparisons of ZX and industry 98 From the graphs
12. no nrnnnnnnr eee na nene nnn enne anne n ranna aenea 12 Appendix 4 Road Trip Fuel Consumption Test Results mnrrrnerea 14 1 Introduction Utilising the services of rally driver Hayden Padden and his navigator co driver John Kennard Z Energy commissioned Auckland UniServices to undertake and monitor a series of tests using identical cars to compare ZX 95 petrol with another industry 95 octane and an industry 98 octane petrol The cars used were Skoda Octavia TSI 90 wagons fitted with 1 4L turbocharged direct injection engines with 7 speed DSG gearboxes Fuller specifications of the cars are given in Appendix 1 All measurements taken in the programme were taken by UniServices personnel and the fuels used were either purchased direct by or overseen by UniServices personnel The programme consisted of three phases a Power exhaust emissions and fuel consumption testing on the University of Auckland s chassis dynamometer b Fuel consumption measurements Auckland to Taupo and Taupo to Wellington c Timed acceleration runs at Taupo Motorsport Park 2 Chassis Dynamometer Power Fuel Consumption and Emissions Comparison The objectives of the chassis dynamometer tests were twofold a To ensure that the performance characteristics of the two cars were sufficiently similar to be able to accurately compare the fuel consumptions of the three fuels b To compare full throttle
13. re Pressures Frani Beal L R L R Start 32 32 30 5 30 5 Finish 32 31 30 30 2295 km 2597 km 301 5 km 6 9 20 74 70 5 299 2 4 14 0 2 8 1 1 792 kg 0 7455 kg l 13 7 14 3 C Weighed 1 2 Brim Brim amounts kg kg kg kg Full weight 16 236 2 138 Empty weight 2 762 0 51 Amount 13 474 1 628 Calculated volume 18 074 2 184 Total volume 20 258 litres Fuel Economy 1 6 719 litres 100km from vehicle trip meter Fuel Economy 2 6 771 litres 100km from dash dyno trip meter 14 Date Fuel Type Vehicle Vehicle Data Odometer start Odometer finish Trip distance DashDyno Data Average Economy Fuel Used Average Speed Distance Travelled Drive Time Idle Time Idle Time Refuelling Container Tare weight Fuel Density Fuel Temperature 20 08 2012 Hayden to Putararu John to ZX Driver Taupo Skoda Plate No GKN 577 Tyre Pressures Front Rear L R L R Start 32 32 30 5 30 5 Finish 32 32 30 30 1518 km 1820 km 301 2 km 6 9 20 6 69 9 299 9 4 18 0 24 9 6 1 764 kg 0 7507 kg l 13 4 13 6 C Weighed 1 2 Brim Brim amounts kg kg kg kg Full weight 15 696 2 116 1 426 Empty weight 3 546 0 29 0 582 Amount 12 15 1 826 0 844 Calculated volume 16 185 2 432 1 124 Total volume 19 741 litres Fuel Economy 1 6 554 litres 100km from vehicle trip meter
14. rville Hayden to ZX Driver Wellington Skoda Plate No GKN 577 Tyre Pressures Front nea L R L R Start 32 32 30 5 30 5 Finish 32 32 30 30 1945 km 2324 km 379 7 km 6 8 25 7 66 6 377 3 5 39 0 46 13 6 1 804 kg 0 7424 kg l 13 C Weighed 1 2 Brim Brim amounts kg kg kg kg Full weight 15 378 10 864 1 51 Emprty weight 3 024 5 394 1 3 Amount 12 354 5 47 0 21 Calculated volume 16 641 7 368 0 283 Total volume 24 291 litres Fuel Economy 1 6 398 litres 100km from vehicle trip meter Fuel Economy 2 6 438 litres 100km from dash dyno trip meter 17
15. t in place for the duration of the programme and were used for the acceleration runs at Taupo and as one of the two methods used for monitoring the fuel consumption over the road trip 2 1 Test Results and Discussion The power curves for the two vehicles on the three fuels are shown in Figures 1 and 2 GKN 577 ZX GHP 686 ZX GHP 686 95 s x D z O a GHP 686 98 Poly GKN 577 ZX Poly GHP 686 ZX Poly GHP 686 95 Poly GHP 686 98 70 80 Road speed km h Figure 1 Full throttle power output Ve Mn s Ra X GKN 577 ZX GHP 686 ZX Power kW Poly GKN 577 ZX Poly GHP 686 ZX 70 80 Road speed km h Figure 2 Full throttle power output ZX fuel expanded scale As can be seen in graphs there was very little difference in the power output of the two vehicles on ZX fuel and between ZX and industry 95 fuel on Car 2 Industry 98 fuel appeared to produce slightly more power at the upper end of the speed range which was not unexpected given that these vehicle are equipped with ignition systems that are knock detonation limited Consequently the 98 octane fuel allowed greater ignition advance producing more power The emissions and fuel consumption results for the two vehicles on the three fuels are shown in Table 1 Tests were repeated at least three times for each fuel to ensure acceptable consistency of results The figures in Table 1 are the averages
16. there does not appear to be any noticeable difference in acceleration rates between ZX and the other two fuels However observers at the start line commented that the ZX vehicle appeared to accelerate slightly quicker than the 98 vehicle in the initial phase By expanding the scale for the first 5 seconds of the run as shown in Figure x it can be seen that the ZX vehicle was approximately 0 2 seconds quicker to 20km h As the speeds increased the difference reduced so that by 40km h the times were the same w J gt uI nD y O Speed km h N 2000 3000 Time milliseconds Figure 5 Acceleration comparisons of ZX and industry 98 first 5 seconds 5 Conclusions The findings of the test programme were as follows e Full throttle power output with ZX and industry 95 fuels were comparable e Power out with industry 98 fuel was slightly higher than with ZX but this was most probably due to the type of ignition system used on the test vehicles e Exhaust emissions rates on all the fuels were very low and there were no significant differences between the three fuels e Fuel consumption over the road trip was lowest with ZX with 95 and 98 being respectively 3 and 5 higher e Full throttle acceleration rates with ZX and industry 95 were almost identical e The initial acceleration rate with ZX was marginally faster than with industry 98 with 98 being better at speeds above 120km h Appendix 1 Skoda Octavia Wa
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