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1. I inherited features 112 The window will only show the features that are selected with the buttons in the right hand side of the window To view the value of a feature double click on its name For instance doubleclick on EQUIPMENT OF UNIT 7 features C redefined features 9 direct features ECHELON OF UNIT 9 CI EQUIPMENT OF UNIT 3 BATTLE TANK T62 Cf I8 DIRECT INSTANCE OF 7 SOVEREIGN ALLEGIANCE OF ORG I inherited features Woo The top part of the window shows also the super concepts of the displayed concept Because we are using the O bject viewer we cannot modify the object Click on Close to close the O bject Viewer 113 GETTING STARTED WITH DISCIPLE HPKB Interacting with the Object Editor If you want to modify an object you have to select the object in the Hierarchy Browser and then to click on Edit Select BLUE TASK FO RCE1 in the Hierarchy Browser Then click on Edit Disciple Object Editor C features 7 redefined features 9 7direct features CJ ASSIGNMENT C ECHELON OF UNIT CJ ECONOMY OF FORCE ACTION FOR MISSION 7 HAS COMPLEX ACTION J IS DIRECT INSTANCE OF C MASS RATIO 7 NBR ACTIONS J NBR ARMORED UNIT MILITARY SPECIALTY NBR COMPLEX ACTIONS CI NBR ECONOMY OF FORCE ACTIONS F OR MISSION CI NBR MECHANIZED UNIT MILITARY SPECIALTY C OBJECT FOUND IN LOCATION C OPER
2. FM 100 5 pg 2 5 KF 117 1 KF 117 3 A strength with respect to security exists when action is taken that limits enemy opportunity to acquire unexpected advantage thereby reducing friendly vulnerability to hostile acts influence or surprise 61 Disciple Cooperative Problem Solver FM 100 5 pg 2 5 KF 117 1 KF 117 3 strength with respect to security exists hen action is taken that limits enemy opportunity to acquire unexpected advantage thereby reducing friendly vulnerability to hostile acts influence or surprise FOR COA FOR UNIT FOR RECON ACTION FOR ACTION WITH IMPORTANCE 7coA411 RED CSOPl SCREEN1 DESTROY Mediun Click on Save Then click on Close to end the cooperative problem solving session 62 GETTING STARTED WITH DISCIPLE HPKB Using Disciple as a Problem Solver Let us now see what D isciple has learned from you We will ask it to autonomously critique coa411 with respect to the principle of security Use the Disciple Client window point to the Solutions menu and select G enerate Solutions In the Disciple Output File G enerator that is displayed select Security DIETS Output File Generator Then click on Evaluate An Intemet Explorer window will show the solutions generated for this principle 63 X GMU Critiquer Solution Database Netscape of x File Edi View Go Communicator Help 4X gt 3 A 2a a d3 amp A
3. DESTROY 1 Select the first one DESTROY 1 is DESTROY MILITARY TASK Then click on Accept 93 Dise ile Negative Rule Hetine 9 Gir C assess SECUPITY WEEX EMEIIS AO OK 13 PRESENT rUR COA COAALL FOR UKIT RED C2OP1 FOR RECOW ACTION SCREEN 9 CA THEN KOT C ngranr wxAEu s 10 SECUPITY EECAUSK FMEICS REC OW 13 ROT CINTERED FUR COA COAJLL FDR MWIT RED C2OF1 FUR RECOW ACTION SCREEN WITH IEFURIAXCE igh EDIN seme or ME racr TAT 3 witti ImPor TANCE i8 exactly Nigb 9 Dorceuse E rep csop1 DESTROY CUDESTROT is DESTROV NILITARG TASK s the enemy ceconmnsisssnce unit estroyed TR Yl 12 DESTROY MILITART TAST Recep ESTROYL 1s ECLITARY TASK Sposcauihere DESTROY 19 MILITAPV EVENT Gon alist ESTROYL is SINGLE DOER ACTIOU PESTROSTI is CTC NLY CUNCEPT EA ESTROYl is ACTION Edii pesTsovr Explanation type Default is Betrmen From Constant Function Setect constant Forni KE Mwnt Sung Question Answer Cuse TONERS um EINEN These are all the failure explanations necessary for this wrong reduction Click on Close Disciple will refine the rule so that it no longer covers the above wrong reduction Then Disciple retums to the Cooperative Problem Solver You seethat now there is only one reduction proposed for the task ASSESS SECURITY WHEN ENEMY RECO N IS PRESENT This is the correct reduction The incorrect reduction is n
4. RED ARMOR BATALLION 1 is now selected in the Hierarchy Browser 3 BLUE ARMOR COMPANY7 Associations 3 BLUE ARMOR COMPANYS 3 BLUE BRIGADE1 3 BLUE BRIGADE2 BLUE BRIGADE3 3 BLUE DIVISION1 Edit 3 BLUE TASK FORCE1 BLUE TASK FORCE2 Copy 3 BLUE TASK FORCE3 3 RED ARMOR BATTALION1 3 RED ARMOR BATTALION10 3 RED ARMOR BATTALION2 3 RED ARMOR BATTALION3 3 RED ARMOR BATTALION4 KSource NLCCNN e D RED ARMOR BATTALIONS Lew Lm Oo vwe om New View Rename Delete Delete Assistant 3 RED ARMOR BATTALIONG Help 3 RED ARMOR BATTALION 3 RED ARMOR BATTALIONS 3 RED ARMOR BATTALIONS 3 RED ARMOR DIVISION1 3 RED ARMOR REGIMENT1 3 RED ARMOR REGIMENT2 3 RED ARMOR REGIMENT3 3 REDCORPS1 Update Close ARMORED UNIT MILITARY SPECIALTY Y E THING OETEC T ORGANIZATION MODEREN MILITARY ORGAHIZA TICN MODERN MILIT amp 3 1 UNTI DEPLO YRBLE MANEUVEE UNTI MILIT fY SPECI Category INSTANCE Type USER Subclasses NO Instances NO Click on View to see its description 111 GETTING STARTED WITH DISCIPLE HPKB Interacting with the Object Viewer The Object Viewer window is displayed showing the features of RED ARMOR BATALLION1 Disciple Object Viewer Instance name C features I redefined features 9 7 directfeatures C ECHELON OF UNIT C EQUIPMENT OF UNIT E3 IS DIRECT INSTANCE OF C SOVEREIGN ALLEGIANCE OF ORG
5. description e Oo ASSESS SECURITY WRT COUNTERING ENEMY RECONNAISSANCE J expert reductions Options CJ lower bound reductions eee upper bound reductions 3 upp Help Non elementary task Because the rule was corrected Disciple will no longer propose any reduction to the current problem Indeed there is no enemy recon present in coad1 Therefore coa51 does not exhibit any strength or weakness with respect to this aspect With this we have illustrated how D isciple can be taught to critique CO As with respect to the principle of security taking into account enemy reconnaissance 101 You have noticed that you did not need to work with the rules learned by Disciple These rules are complex knowledge structure that could be viewed by using the Rule E ditor 102 GETTING STARTED WITH DISCIPLE HPKB Chapter Interacting with the Hierarchy Browser Let us view some of the rules you have taught Disciple as well as some other elements from the K B such as objects features and tasks We will use the Hierarchy Browser for this purpose In the DiscipleClient window click on Tools Hierarchy Browser Disciple Client ICE xi CENSUI Solutions Reports Server Jing Agent Shell Domain saved Coa demo 160251 In the displayed window you can see the top of D isciple s hierarchy Double click on lt RULE gt Then doubleclick on lt TA SK RUL
6. sessssssssssssesseee nennen nnn nnn n nnn nnn nnn nnn n nnn n nnn n a ataa aa 105 20 Searching for an Object into the Knowledge Base sssssss eene 110 21 Interacting with the Object Viewer eee 112 22 Interacting with the Object Editor 114 23 Interacting with the Feature Viewer Editor and the Task Viewer Editor 116 24 Acknowledgemertis nemis dri inqnit deerit pides drei e MID desti rende idend iln ident ia 117 GETTING STARTED WITH DISCIPLE HPKB Chapter Starting Disciple HPKB Disciple HPK B system has a client server architecture The server is a Common Lisp program and is the brain of the system The dient is a JAVA program and is responsible for the interaction with the user To start Disciple HPKB you need first to start the server then start the client and finally connect the client to the server To start Disciple HPK B you must perform the following operations Double click the Disciple Server exe file that is in the subdirectory Bin of Disciple directory to start the Server In the Disciple Server window that appears click on the Server Start Server menu to start the Lisp Server Disciple HPKB Server lei x Domain Server Help DISCIPLE HPKB Version 1 0 0 March 13 2000 No domain selected Learning Agents Laboratory George Mason University In the window that appears select a port number from 5000 up and click Ok At this point you
7. Back Forward Reload Home Search Netscape Print Security Shop Stap z Sa Bookmarks 4 Location file 27 D1 disciple Repository Coa demo solutions index html z E What s Related Z instant Message E WebMail Contact E People Yellow Pages Download Find Sites Channels GMU Critiquer Solution Database Course of Action coa411 Course of Action coa411 07 SECURITY Let see them by clicking on COA411 07 SECURITY A window will appear showing two critiques of coa411 with respect to the principle of security 64 X GMU Critiquer Course of Action coa411 coa411 07 SECURITY Netscape File Edit View Go Communicator Help 5 4 A 2a A a3 wd O d E Back Foward Reload Home Search Netscape Pint Security Shop Stop i Bookmarks y Location file D disciple Repository Coa demo solutions coa41 1 coa411 07 SECURITY html Z Qinstant Message E WebMail E Contact E People B YellowPages B Download E FindSites C4 Channels Course of Action COA417 Question 15 5 3 7 To what extent does this course of action conform to the Principle of Security Z v Guil What s Related aA Index Answers Abstract Justification Justification Formal Justification Answer 1 Answer 1 Answer 2 Description There is a strength with respect to security in COA411 because it contains aggressive security counter reconnaissance plans destroying enemy intelligence collection units and
8. Foard Relosd Home Seach Mehceme P Seculy Shop tty T ah Boskamaths Locabine ie Did cc pF sposo T oasen sokoro Toshlon hinl z 27 Wha Relsted A heart Mesage E weba E Cortact E Peon CH VaosPage C Doenkad E FindStwe 4 Orrek COA 5 1 vs Red Most Probable COA Mission BLUEBRIGADE conducts arca defense to canalizes REDARMORDIVISION on AA2 in order to enables the completion of destroys REDARMORDIVISIONI in STORM by BLUEDIVISION1 I Close BLUETASKFORCE1 an armor task force Main Effort defends to blocks REDARMORREGIMEN 12 im Effort on order delays REDARMORDIVISIONL along AA2 and defends at nal afi ccument BE NEUE 4 97 GETTING STARTED WITH DISCIPLE HPKB Chapter Interacting with the Cooperative Problem Solver to Critique coa51 Let us now invoke the Cooperative Problem Solver In the Disciple Client window from the Tools menu select Problem Solver A window will appear that will allow us to select the problem we would like to solve Select List all and Disciple will list all the 14 predefined problems one for each principle or tenet In the displayed list click on P 07 SECURITY and then on the Select button This will invoke the Cooperative problem solver with the predefined task ASSESS CO A WRT PRINCIPLE O F SECURITY Immediately Disciple proposes a reduction of this task to the following task ASSESS SECURITY WRT COUNTERING ENEMY RECONNAISSANCE Click on it and then
9. MILITARY TASK DEMONSTRATION MILITARY OPERATION DEMONSTRATION MILITARY TASK DENY INFORMATION MILITARY TASEK DESTROY MILITARY T ASK DESTROYl Filter Possible Feature Values e Select New Refresh Cancel Help Click on DESTROY 1 and then on Select DESTROY 1 is introduced as value of the feature FOR ACTION You need to repeat this process for the feature WITH IMPO RTANCE Select the line corresponding to this feature in the Example Editor window Then click on Set value The Select a string value from a list window will appear that lists all the possible values for this feature 52 4 Select a string value from list Click on Medium or on any other value and then on Select Medium is introduced as value of the feature WITH IMPO RTANCE Disciple Example Editor ASSESS SECURITY WHEN ENEMY RECON IS PRESENT COA411 RED CSOP1 SCREEN 1 REPORT STRENGTH IN SECURIT BECAUSE OF COUNTERING OF ENEMY COAAI1 RED CSOP1 FOR RECON ACT SCREEN FOR ACTION DESTROY WITH IMPORTA Medium Click on Close 53 6 1 6 Interacting with the Rule Learner The Rule Learner is invoked to learn a task reduction rule from the above example Disegie Hule Leanner Gir E79 2 822 SECURITS WHEX EMENS RECUN 13 PRESENT FUR COA COAd1l FOR UNIT DFD CXOD1 F R RECOM ACTION 3CREENI Gites EJ nEPORT STEENCTE
10. ffi D disciple Repository Coa demo solutions coa411 coa411 02 OFFENSIVE htrl x Ga What s Related K instant Message B WebMail B Contact B People S YellowPages B Download B FindSites C4 Channels Course of Action COA417 Question 15 5 3 2 To what extent does this course of action canfarm ta the Principle af Offensive xi Index Answers Abstract Justification Justification Formal Justification Answer 1 Answer 1 Answer 2 Does the COA exhibit the key aspects of offensive gaining retaining and exploiting the i I consider the presence of special offensive actions such as penetrations Does the CO include special offensive actions such as penetrations I consider the presence of penetrations Does the COA include a penetration Yes the COA includes PENETRATE1 which is a penetration Conclude that There is a strength in COA411 with respect to offensive because the COA includes a pe Answer 2 Does the COA exhibit the key aspects of offensive gaining retaining and exploiting the i I consider the number of offensive actions Does the COA include offensive actions Yes the CO has 6 offensive actions Is the main effort assigned offensive actions Yes the main effort is assigned 1 offensive action Are the supporting efforts assigned offensive actions Yes the supporting efforts are assigned 4 offensive actions Conclude that CO 411 is very strong with respect to offensive because the COA inclu
11. gt SCREENL RED C3OPl SOVERRICH ALLECIANCE OF ORC RED SIDE COadlL RED CSOPl mm Ses exer fom come racmm Setect constant 5 ti E Near nte s D Question Answer Cle Pistis opein xaccedeti naar enar S4 Chee Help The above process was very easy for us because Disciple was able to propose the relevant explanation pieces and we only had to select them In general however at least some of the explanations will not be generated by Disciple In such a case we will need to guide Disciple in generating them by providing hints To illustrate this feature let us delete the explanations from the top pane of the Rule Learner window Select SCREEN 1 is INTELLIGENCE COLLECTIO N MILITARY TASK in the top pane of the Rule Leaming window Then click on D elete Select RED CSOP1 SCREEN1 in the top pane of the Rule Leaming window Then click on Delete 40 Select RED CSOP1 RED SIDE in the top pane of the Rule Learning window Then click on Delete Dise ils Hule Learner Or 9 DJassgss SECUPITS VET COUNTEPIDG EUEXY PECONKATSSANCE FUR COA COAdLL E342 833 SECUPITS VHEN EWENS RECON 13 PRESENT FuR COA CUA4II FOR UNIT RED CX Opl FUR FECON ACTION ZCREEDNI BECADSE es the enemy unit RED CSOP1 is ser foruing the accion SCREEN which is a SCREEN 12 INTELIICENCE COLIECTION MILTTART TASU
12. 3 co2421 3 caoa51 After these operations the lower left of the Disciple Client window will display the message K B info retrieved and the lower right will display the message CO A demo coa411 Disciple Client GETTING STARTED WITH DISCIPLE HPKB Chapter Viewing the Input Problem To view coa411 use the Disciple Client window From the Solutions menu select Input Problem Viewer An Internet Explorer window will appear containing the description of coa411 The description contains two pieces of information a sketch in the top part of the window and a statement in the bottom part of the window 34 G U Critiquer coa411 Course of Action Microsoft Internet Explorer Ele Edit View Favorites Tools Help Q0 A Ala a dis 5S9 mH 9 Back Forward Stop Refresh Home Search Favorites History Mail Print Edit Discuss Real com Address D Disciple Repository Coa demo Solutions coa41 1 COA situation html X Go Links COA 4 1 0 vs Red COA 1 COA 4 1 vs Red COA 1 Mission BLUE BRIGADE attacks ATTACK2 to penetrate PENETRATE1 RED MECH REGIMENT at 130600 Aug in order to enables EN ABLE MILITARY PURPOSE1 the completion of seizes SEIZE MILIT AR Y TASK TASK2 OBJSLAM by BLUE ARMOR BRIGADE1 BLUE TASK FORCE1 a balanced task force MAIN EFFORT1 attacks ATTACK2 to penetrate PENETRATE1 RED MECH COMPANY4 ey ey s c The COA sketch is a graphical de
13. CYC ONLY CONCEPT 7 DECISIVE POINT MILITARY 7 GEOGRAPHICAL REGION 77 MILITARY END STATE CJ MILITARY PURPOSE C MILITARY RISK 7 ORGANIZATION PROBLEM C lt RULE CJ TASK Associations New i Edit Copy Rename Delete Delete Assistant KS ource Help Find Update iii MN Close lt THING amp THING OBJECT Category CONCEPT Type PREDEFINED Subclasses YES Instances NO Double click on ORGANIZATION Then doubleclick on MODERN MILITARY O RGANIZATION Then doubleclick on MODERN MILITA RY UNIT D EPLOYABLE You can see the various sub concepts of MODERN MILITARY UNIT DEPLOYABLE 109 GETTING STARTED WITH DISCIPLE HPKB Chapter Searching for an Object into the Knowledge Base You can search a specific concept or instance in the K B as follows Click on the Find button in the Hierarchy Browser window The familiar Select a knowledge element window will appear Click on Start with letter and then type the letter r The window will show all the concepts and instances from the KB that start with the letter r Click on RED ARMOR BATALLION1 and then on Select The Knowledge element path finder window will be displayed with the selected element S Disciple Knowledge Elements Path Finder Path finder for RED ARMIOR BATTALIONI 3 RED ARMOR BATTALION1 110 Click on Select
14. Desc Delete Insert TD Feature inserted Now the definition of the task is complete Click on Close In the Filtered Selection window that appears with this task selected click on Select 49 Disciple Filtered Selection REPORT STRENGTH IN SECURITY BECAUSE 0F COUNTERING OF ENEMY RECON Now a partial instance of the defined task is introduced in the bottom pane of the Example Editor 50 Disciple Example E ditor ASSESS SECURITY WHEN ENEMY RECON IS PRESENT COA411 RED CSOP1 SCREEN 1 Tu e Dawe Siete trom m T1 IS REPORT STRENGTH IN SECURITY BECAUSE OF COUNTERING OF ENEMY FOR COA COs411 FOR UNIT RED CSOP1 FOR RECON ACT SCREEN1 FOR ACTION WITH IMPORTA Features retrieved Displaying Done We now need to complete the description of the task by supplying values for the features FOR ACTION and WITH IMPORTANCE Select the line corresponding to the feature FO R ACTION Then click on Set value In the Select possible feature values window select the Starting with letter filter and write the letter d Disciple will display all the objects from the KB that start with D 51 Select possible feature values CO List all 9 Starting with letter la C2 Pattem DECOY MILITARY TASK DEFEAT MILITARY TASEK DEFEND BATTLE POSITION MILITARY TASK DEFENSE IN DEPTH MILITARY MANEUVER DELAY
15. Help gt Q AlIa a sB 3 au Back Forward Stop Refresh Home Search Favorites History Mail Print Edit Discuss Real com Address e D DisciplesRepositor SCoa demo Solutions coa421 CO situation html if Go Links COA 4 2 0 vs Red COA 1 Mission BLUE BRIGADE2 attacks to penetrate RED MECH REGIMENT2 at 130600 Aug in order to enables EN ABLE MILITARY PURPOSEL the completion of seizes SEIZE MILITARY TASK TASK 2 OBISLAM by BLUE ARMOR BRIGADE1 BLUE TASK FORCE1 a balanced task force MAIN EFFORT1 attacks LATTA CI DS ta amman CUTTUTS ADT ASS Ls nadine ce cellas CUNDTADTL zl m 3 My Computer Ui 70 GETTING STARTED WITH DISCIPLE HPKB Chapter Interacting with the Cooperative Problem Solver to Critique coa421 Let us now invoke the Cooperative Problem Solver to critique coa421 with respect to the principle of security In the Disciple Client window from the Tools menu select Problem Solver A window will appear that will allow us to select the problem we would like to solve Select List all and Disciple will list all the 14 predefined problems one for each principle or tenet In the displayed list click on P 07 SECURITY and then on the Select button This will invoke the Cooperative problem solver with the predefined problem ASSESS COA WRT PRINCIPLE O F SECURITY This time Disciple was able to propose a reduction of this problem by applying a rule learned in the context of
16. IUTAL NER DECEFTIQE ACTIUNS FUE MISSIQU O units md mm ae C05411 TUTAL NER INPETENDENT ACTIOW3 FUR NISSION H Edi e ERE ERTUE Select constant Foon KE Mwnt Sng Question Answer Close Explaess ss gereret nares se Chee Be The top pane of the Rule Learner window shows the example reduction Atthe top right of this window you can see the question that you considered in order to assess the coa wrt the principle of security At the bottom right you can see your answer In the bottom pane of the Rule Leamer window Disciple displayed some potential explanations of why and when we want to perform the reduction from the top pane This is however an unconditional reduction That is any time I want to assess coa411 wrt the principle of security I want to reduce this task to that of assessing coa411 wrt countering enemy reconnaissance Therefore no explanation is necessary in this case We will discuss the other capabilities of the Rule Learner later on in the demo Now just click on Close At this point Disciple will generate a rule based on this example will introduce it in the KB and will return to the Cooperative Problem Solver 24 Disciple Cooperative Problem Solver ioj xi Reasoning Coment Answer improvements Saino T EE ASSESS COUA WRT PRINCIPLE F SECURITY I description Solve All C ASSESS SECURITY WRT COUNTERING ENEMY RE
17. activities Intelligence collection by RED CSOP2 will be disrupted by its destruction by DESTROY2 This and similar actions enhance security by preventing the enemy from ascertaining the nature and intent of friendly operations thereby decreasing the likelihood that the enemy will be prepared to counter friendly operations Reference FM 100 5 pg 2 5 KF 117 1 KF 117 3 A strength with respect to security exists when action is taken that limits enemy opportunity to acquire unexpected advantage thereby reducing friendly vulnerability to hostile acts influence or surprise Answer 2 Description There is a strength with respect to security in COA411 because it contains aggressive security counter reconnaissance plans destroying enemy intelligence collection units and activities Intelligence collection by RED CSOP1 will be disrupted by its destruction by DESTROY1 This and similar actions enhance security by preventing the enemy from ascertaining the nature and intent of friendly operations thereby decreasing the likelihood that the enemy will be prepared to counter friendly operations High Medium Low xl a E Document Done EOE Sez One of the answers corresponds to our teaching session From that session Disciple learned general rules that allowed it to also provide the second answer This additional strength corresponds to another enemy reconnaissance unit RED CSO P2 which is also destroyed Click on Abstract Justification to see
18. can minimize the Allegro CL Enterprise window Double click on JDisciple the shortcut of Disciple HPKB interface The Disciple Connection Parameters window will be displayed Y ou may write your name in the Disciple User pane Then click on the Connect button to start the Java Server GETTING STARTED WITH DISCIPLE HPKB Chapter Selecting HPKB Domain In the Disciple Client window click on the Agent Select Domain menu earning Agent Shell None None Click on COA demo and then on Select This will load the knowledge base that contains a complete ontology of objects object features and task features but only the tasks and the rules for critiquing a course of action with respect to the principle of offensive and the principle of surprise D uring this demonstration we will show you how to teach Disciple to critique a course of action with respect to the principle of security GETTING STARTED WITH DISCIPLE HPKB Chapter Loading a Problem Description into the Knowledge Base The KB loaded contains general COA knowledge but no description of any particular COA To critique a particular COA we would need to load into the KB the description of that COA In the Disciple Client window click on the Agent Load Instances menu The Disciple Select Instances window will be displayed Click on coa411 and then on Select 3 c02411
19. example will have all the features of the task in the IF part Disciple Task Editor olx Task Editor Name ASSESS SECURITY WRT COUNTERING ENEMY RECONNAISSANCE Close Pretty Name Assess security wrt countering enemy reconnaissance Elementary Super tasks rask BA Sub tasks view sa Remove View View Edit Feature 1 Value Help FOR COA O1 in range CONCEPT COA SPECIFICATION MICROTHEORY Insert 21 You can modify and complete the description of the task by deleting task features providing additional task features a pretty name for the task and a natural language phrase for the task In this case the task is complete enough and you do not need to add anything Just click on Close The Task Editor will introduce this new task in the K B of D isciple This ends the definition of the new task Now we need to proceed with completing the reduction in the Example E ditor The new task is displayed and selected in the Filtered Selection window Click on Select Disciple Filtered Selection Select a task name List all gt Starting with letter Pattem ASSESS SECURITY WRT COUNTERING ENEMY RECONNAISSANCE Filter Al Non Class Tasks sect New 5 Cea Help The task will be included in the bottom pane of the Example Editor window Notice that D isciple also fill
20. is destroyed by DESTROY2 Because DESTROY2 acts on RED CSOP2 Conclude that There is a strength with respect to security in COA411 because it contains aggressiv Answer 2 Assess COA wrt principle of security gt Does the COA include security and counter recon actions a security element a rear ele s 3 fg 7 I consider enemy reconnaissance d High Medium Low tnm af X AP ES Ve Click on Formal justification to see an even more complete justification 67 pm Critiquer coa411 E URITY Netscape Perit Sec Sh stop file D disciple Repository Coa demo solutions coa411 coa411 07 SE CURITY html Course of Action COA4 Question 15 5 3 7 To what extent does this course of action conform to the Principle of Security Answers Abstract Justification Justification Formal Justification Answer 1 Perform P1 ASSESS COA WURT PRINCIPLE OF SECURITY FOR COA COA411 Question Does the CO include security and counter recon actions a security elem ppliedRule R ACWPOS 006 Answer I consider enemy reconnaissance Perform P1 1 ASSESS SECURITY WURT COUNTERING ENEMY RECONNAISSANCE FOR COA CO A411 Question Is an enemy reconnaissance unit present AppliedRule R ASWCER 002 Answer Yes the enemy unit RED CSOP2 is performing the action SCREEN2 which i Because RED CSOP2 TASK SCREEN2 RED CSOP2 SOVEREIGN ALLEGIANCE OF ORG RE
21. on Select solution This reduction will be performed Then Disciple proposes to reduce the task ASSESS SECURITY WRT COUNTERING ENEMY RECONNAISSANCE to the task ASSESS SECURITY WHEN ENEMY RECO N IS PRESENT To view the complete description of this task double click on its name 98 Disciple Cooperative Problem Solver ASSESS COA WRT PRINCIPLE OF SECURITY description e qas ASSESS SECURITY WRT COUNTERING ENEMY RECONNAISSANCE Jexpert reductions J lower bound reductions jJupper bound reductions 9 CJ AssESS SECURITY WHEN ENEMY RECON IS PRESENT FOR CO coasl FOR UNIT BLUE BATTALIONL FOR RECON ACTION SCREEN RIGHT Notice that this is an upper bound reduction This means that it is less certain being based on a weaker form of plausible reasoning It is in fact a wrong reduction Click on Incorrect solution 99 GETTING STARTED WITH DISCIPLE HPKB Interacting with the Rule Refiner The Rule Refiner is invoked and windows similar to those corresponding to Rule Learner s windows are displayed 9 Gir ks an enemy reconnaissance unit present EJassEss SECUPITY VET COUXNTEPIDG EREXY PECONKATSSANCE FUR COA COASI 15 TEU XOT CU A3833 3ECORITI WEEN EWENS ROCON 13 PRESENT FUR COA COASL FOR UNIT BLOUE BATTALICHL TUR RECON ACTION SCREET ROGHT 9 hmm sem or ME racr Tur f E pius PATTALIOE SCRMEN EIGHT CUBIE BATTALION BLUE XIDE S 7 sCEREN RIGET is INTEL
22. the bottom pane one for each instance of the concept Then you would have needed to select one of them In this case there is only one instance Click on the line indicating the values of the features 58 Disciple Cooperative Problem Solver _ ASSESS COA WRT PRINCIPLE OF SECURITY description 9 E3 ASSESS SECURITY WRT COUNTERING ENEMY RECONNAISSANCE 7 description 9 E ASSESS SECURITY WHEN ENEMY RECON IS PRESENT 7 description 7 REPORT STRENGTH IN SECURITY BECAUSE 0F COUNTERING 0F ENEMY RECON FOR COA FOR UNIT FOR RECON ACTION FOR ACTION WITH IMPORTANCE J coaail RED CSOPl SCREEN DESTROY Mediun Now click on Select solution The top pane displays the solution 59 Disciple Cooperative Problem Solver DE x Answers Reasoning Current Answer Improvements Source eport strength in security because of countering of enemy recon 3 FOR COA FOR UNIT FOR RECON ACTION FOR ACTION WITH IMPORTANCE CI c0a411 RED CSOP1 SCREEN DESTROY Medium Elementary task no variants available You can edit this text including in it entities that appear in the bottom window Type in the following text There is a strength with respect to security in coa411 because it contains aggressive security counter reconnaissance plans destroying enemy intelligence collection units
23. the justifications of the two identified strengths 65 X GMU Critiquer Course of Action coa411 coa411 07 SECURITY Netscape File Edi View Go Communicator Help 92 4 4 2 um 5 wd Oo 4i Ei Back Forward Reload Home Search Netscape un Security Shop Stop 3 xu Bookmarks E Location file D disciple Repository Coa demo solutions coa41 1 coa411 07 SECURITY html X Gal whats Related X instant Message E WebMail B Contact E People B YellowPages B Download E FindSites C4 Channels Course of Action COA417 Question 15 5 3 7 To what extent does this course of action conform to the Principle of Security i Index Answers Abstract Justification Justification Formal Justification Answer 1 Answer 1 Answer 2 security element a rear element Does the COA include security and counter recon actions I consider enemy reconnaissance Is an enemy reconnaissance unit present Yes the enemy unit RED CSOP2 is performing the action SCREEN2 which is a reconnaissance Is the enemy reconnaissance unit destroyed Yes RED CSOP2 is destroyed by DESTROY2 Conclude that There is a strength with respect to security in CO 411 because it contains aggressive Answer 2 Does the COA include security and counter recon actions a security element a rear element I consider enemy reconnaissance Is an enemy reconnaissance unit present Yes the enemy unit RED CSOP1 is performing the action SCREEN1 which is a reconna
24. 72 The U S Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright annotation thereon The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements either expressed or implied of DARPA AFOSR the Air Force Research Laboratory or the U S Govemment 117
25. A during the translation from the external form of the coa to its internal form Thus ATTACK 2 refers to the attacks action of BLUE BRIGADE2 and its main effort BLUE TA SK FORCE1 and ATTACK3 refers to the attack of BLUE TASK FO RCE2 One can view the intemal representation of coa411 in Disciple s KB by using the browsers and viewers of Disciple as will be illustrated latter We can keep the Internet Explorer window opened for future references or we could close it at this point 10 GETTING STARTED WITH DISCIPLE HPKB Chapter Using Disciple as a Problem Solver Now we can see how Disciple can critique coa411 using the autonomous problem solver Use the Disciple Client window Point to the Solutions menu and from the menu that appears select Generate Solutions In the Disciple Output File Generator window that is displayed select Offensive Security and Surprise Then click on Evaluate f Disciple Output File Generator Course of Action Evaluation Principles 1 Objective vi Offensive Mass i EconomyofForce Maneuver Unity of Command vj Security vj Surprise Simplicity Tenets i Initiative C Agility Depth Synchronization Versatility Select All Unselect All Evaluate Cancel Hein An Intemet Explorer window will show the solutions generated for these three principles 11 Ez GMU Critiquer Solution Database Netscape
26. ATIONAL CONTROL MILITARY ORG J OPERATIONAL CONTROL MILITARY ORG DIRECT J SECTOR OF RESPONSIBILITY Ae TA omicocien ALI C IANIGC E ADA 114 Now you can Add Edit or Remove features or their values You can also define a Pretty name and a documentation by simply writing in the corresponding panes at the top of the O bject Editor window You can also Add or Remove super concepts of the current instance Click on Close 115 GETTING STARTED WITH DISCIPLE HPKB Interacting with the Feature Viewer Editor and the Task Viewer Editor Using a similar procedure as the one described above you can view or edit features and tasks In each case a specialized viewer or editor will be invoked once you have selected an element in the Hierarchy Browser and have clicked on Edit or on View Disciple Feature Editor sm wa Q 7 predefined features 7 lt RANGE gt CJ TASK DOMAIN lt PRETTY NAME gt CJ DOCUMENTATION 116 GETTING STARTED WITH DISCIPLE HPKB Acknowledgements This research was done in the GMU Leaming Agents Laboratory LALA B Research of the LALAB is sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency DARPA the Air Force Office of Scientific Research AFO SR and Air Force Research Laboratory Air Force Material Command USAF under agreement number F30602 00 2 0546 grant number F49620 97 1 0188 and grant number F49620 00 1 00
27. B to reduce the above problem Therefore no solution is listed in the bottom pane of the window Notice that the bottom pane indicates three types of potential solutions Expert reductions are reductions that have been provided by us i e the human expert in previous steps They are the most certain Lower bound reductions and Upper bound reductions are generated by Disciple by using some previously learned rules with the lower bound reductions being more certain than the upper bound reductions 17 6 1 1 Defining a task reduction with the Example Editor Because no reduction was proposed by Disciple we will need to provide ourselves a reduction Click on the New example button in the right hand side of the Cooperative Problem Solving window This invokes the Example Editor that the expert needs to use in order to define the reduction of the current task An example consists of a task a question an answer to the question and a subtask Because the top level task was already defined in the D isciple s knowledge base D isciple fills in the task to be reduced in the top pane of the Disciple Example Editor cipis Quirsben Eii aix Does the COA include security amd counter recon action h Securicy element rear elexenc and identity risks OF Chw Cunest Question it GHEDAUSUEWG eS FOR COR COA4IL 7 SS BRE IE T THEN Adinak Debthak Seivane Ustcorerpt Arsvet se J co
28. CONNAISSANCE Close Cin 4 EJ lower bound reductions ptions ES upper bound reductions Help Non elementary task Notice that the Cooperative Problem Solver window shows the reduction indicated by us in the top pane Notice also that it cannot propose any reduction of the bottom level task Therefore we need again to provide the reduction by clicking on New example This will lead us to the same sequence of operations as before 6 1 3 Defining a task reduction with the Example Editor The Example Editor is invoked and the top pane displays the current task to be reduced We need to assess security of coa411 wrt countering enemy reconnaissance Is an enemy reconnaissance unit present Yes the enemy unit RED CSO P1 is performing the action SCREEN 1 which is a reconnaissance action Then I need to assess security when enemy recon is present This analysis clarifies the reduction that we want to be performed in this situation Introduce the question and the answer in the corresponding windows 25 0 S ASSESS SECURIT Y WET COUNTERING ENEMY PECONH AISSANCE FORCOR COAaL erm panes ta aee Deme tem ERE HEN isciple Answer E ditoe LA EX Wes the enemy unit RED C5071 is performing the action SCREEN which is 4 reconnaissance action EEEN Click on Add Task The Select a task name window will be displayed by the Filtered Selec
29. D SIDE Perform P1 1 1 ASSESS SECURITY UHEN ENEMY RECON IS PRESENT FOR COA COA411 FOR UNIT RED CSOP2 FOR RECON ACTION SCREEN2 Question Is the enemy reconnaissance unit destroyed ppliedRule RSASWERIP 003 Answer Yes RED CSOP2 is destroyed by DESTROY2 Because DESTROY2 OBJECT ACTED ON RED CSOP2 You can now close the Intemet Explorer window that displays the solutions 68 GETTING STARTED WITH DISCIPLE HPKB Chapter Loading a Problem Description into the Knowledge Base Let us now load anew COA COA421 In the Disciple Client window click on Agent Load instances The Select Instances window will be displayed Click on coa421 and then on Select Ei Disciple Select Instances 3 coa411 3 coa421 E coa51 Select cancer now Hem At this point the instances corresponding to coa411 have been deleted from the KB and those corresponding to coa421 have been loaded 69 GETTING STARTED WITH DISCIPLE HPKB Chapter Viewing the Input Problem To view coa421 use the Disciple Client window and from the Solutions menu select Input Problem Viewer An Internet Explorer window will appear that contains the description of coa421 As in the case of coa411 the description of coa421 contains two pieces of information a sketch and a statement E G U Critiquer coa421 Course of Action Microsoft Internet Explorer Ele Edit View Favorites Tools
30. E gt Disciple will list all the rules from the KB Click on R A SWCER 002 then click on the View button 103 Disciple Hierarchy Browser 9 C RULE 9 CI TASK RULE 3 RsSACWPOO 001 3 RsACWPOO 002 3 RsACwPOO 003 3 RSACWPOO 004 3 RsACWPOO 005 3 RsACWPOS 001 3 RsACWwPOS 002 3 RSACWPROS 003 3 RsACWPOS 004 3 RSACWPROS 005 3 RsACWPOS 006 3 RSAOWMEHOA 001 3 RSAOWTAOA 001 3 RSAOWTNOOA 001 3 RSAOWTPOES 001 3 RSAOWTPOFOF 001 3 RSAOWTPOIA 001 3 RSAOWTPOP 001 3 RSAOWTPOSOA 001 3 RSASWCER 001 3 RSASWCER 002 3 R ASWDA 001 3 RSASWDA 002 104 GETTING STARTED WITH DISCIPLE HPKB Interacting with the Rule Viewer The Rule Viewer window will display the rule Disciple Rule Viewer ir Q CI assEss sECURITY WRT COUNTERING ENEMY RECONNAISSANCE FOR COA 201 C THEN Q 7 AssESS SECURITY WHEN ENEMY RECON IS PRESENT FOR COA 201 FOR UNIT 202 FOR RECON ACTION 203 C BECAUSE VARIABLES 9 4201 is exactly CONCEPT COA SPECIFICATION MICROTHEORY 9 3202 is at most CONCEPT MODERN MILITARY UNIT DEPLOYABLE at least CONCEPT MECHANIZED INFANTRY UNIT MILITARY SPECI 9 3 03 is at most CONCEPT INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION MILITARY TASK at least CONCEPT SCREEN MILITARY TASK 9 3204 is exactly CONCEPT RED SIDE 202 gt 204 105 Click on the D etails button to see all the elements of the rule Disciple E Rule Viewer 9 THEN Q 7 AssESS SECURI
31. ECURITY EECACSE EMEICS BEC OK 15 OT COUNTERED FUR COA COAdZI FUR UWIT RED C20PL FUR RECON ACTION SCREENI WITH IBFURTIANCE Migh EECADSE IRED C3OPl ODUECT FOUND IN LOCATION LOCI RED C30P1 ECHEL N OF UNIT PLATOON UNIT DRSICWATION IRED CSOPl EQUIFNENI 07 UNLI APMURED FERSOMNEL CAERIEE EIREO IRED CSOPl SOVEREIGB ALLEGIANCE 0P RG RED S3IPE IRED C3OPl TASE SCREEWL The bottom pane contains explanations proposed by D isciple Accept the first one WITH IMPORTANCE is exactly High 81 Dise ile Hule Learner Gir 9 Djassgss SECUPITY WEEN EMEICS REO OK 13 PRESENT FUR COA CUAdZl FOR UNTT RED C20F1 Is the enemy cecomsiszssnce untt destroyed FUR RECON ACTION SCREEN e Gms Cpe ponr wg AINE 5 10 SECURITY EECADSE EWEICE BEC K 13 DOIT C OUKITERED FUR COA COAAZL FOR UNTT RED C20F1 FUR RECOW ACTION SCREEN WITH IBF RIAXCE Itigh oecsuse O CurmeImPORIAKCE is exactly Nigt TH INPDPTAKCE ia axeccly Bigh crm ED C3OP1 COJECT FOUMD IN LOCATION gt LOCI H EE RED CSOPl ECHELON OF UNIT PLATOOE WETT DESICWATIUM dd IED CSOPl EQUIFNMENI 07 UNII AEMDFED IERSOUXEL CAERIER BTR6O RED C3SOPl 3DVEREIGN ALLEGIANCE 0T RG RED SIDE find Simi D C3OPl TASK SCREEWL l Explanation type Detauit Between From Constant Function Setect constant fram E Mwnt
32. FOR NBR MAIN EFFORT MANEUVERS FOR NBR MAIN EFFORT OFFENSIVE ACTIONS Filter Possible Task Features xf Select New Refresh Cancel Help Now click on Select The new feature is introduced in the list of task features We need to repeat this procedure to insert a new feature in the definition of the task Click on Insert Click on Start with letter and then write w The feature WITH IMPO RTANCE is displayed and is already selected 47 JITH IMPORTANCE Now click on Select The new feature is introduced in the list of task features Because this is an elementary task a final report of a strength we need to click on the Elementary button This instructs Disciple to treat this task differently as you will see bellow 48 Disciple Task Editor Task Editor Name REPORT STRENGTH IN SECURIT BECAUSE OF COUNTERING OF ENEM Close Pretty Name Report strength in secunty because of countering of enemy recon vj Elementary Super tasks lt TASK gt w Sub tasks v viw ada Remove View Feature Value Help FOR COA O1 in range CONCEPT COA SPECIFICATION MICROTHEORY HEUTE FOR UNIT O2 in range CONCEPT MODERN MILIT amp RY UNIT DEPLOY ABLE Source FOR RECON A 03 in range CONCEPT INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION MILITARY Improvements FOR ACTION O4 in range CONCEPT ACTION a WITH IMPORT 51 in range STRING SET High Medium Low jestiot NL
33. G ENEMY RECONNAISSANCE lower bound reductions re 9 C As3ES5S SECURITY WHEN ENEMY RECON IS PRESENT FOR COA CDA421 ZH FOR UNIT RED CSOPL FOR RECON ACTION SCREENI Q 4 gt a83633 SECURITY WHEN ENENY RECON I5 PRESENT FOR COA CoA421 FOR UNIT RED CSOP2 FOR RECON ACTION SCREENZ T EE upper bound reductions s ELTON New example Conect solution Inconect solution Non elementary task There are two reductions because there are two enemy recon units in coa421 red csop1 and red csop2 They happen to have the same names as in coa411 but this isjust a coincidence Let us first deal with red csop1 Click on the first solution and then on Select solution 73 Disciple Cooperative Problem Solver OF x Reasoning Current Answer Improvements Source sz ASSESS COA WRT PRINCIPLE OF SECURITY SS C description Solve All Q E3 ASSESS SECURITY WRT COUNTERING ENEMY RECONNAISSANCE C description an C ASSESS SECURITY WHEN ENENY RECON IS PRESENT Ce expert reductions Help lower bound reductions upper bound reductions Select solution New example Incorrect solution Non elementary task This time D isciple is not able to propose any reduction of the current task and you need to instruct it what to do The task is Assessing security when enemy recon is present Is the enemy reconnaissance unit destroyed No Then report a weakness because en
34. GMU Critiquer Solution D Course of Action coad11 Course of Action 9 oa411 02 OFFENSIVE 9 oa411 07 SECURITY 9 oa411 08 SURPRISE Let us click on COA411 02 0 FFENSIVE A window will appear showing two critiques of coa411 with respect to the principle of offensive 12 X GMU Critiquer Course of Action coa411 coa411 02 OFFENSIVE Netscape File Edi View Go Communicator Help Ww 4 3 A a t ck w BO di i Back Foward Reload Home Search Netscape Print Security Shop Stop d Bookmarks 4 Location file D disciple Repository Coa demo solutions coa41 1 coa41 1 02 OF FENSIVE html Z Binstant Message E WebMail B Contact E People B YellowPages B Download E FindSites C4 Channels Course of Action COA417 Question 15 5 3 2 To what extent does this course of action conform to the Principle of Offensive Index Answers Abstract Justification Justification Formal Justification Answer 1 Answer 1 Answer 2 Description There is a strength in COA411 with respect to offensive because the COA includes a penetration Penetrations provide an opportunity to gain positional advantage and to seize the initiative A penetration at a single point in enemy defenses can also surprise the enemy These are all characteristics of the proper application of the principle of offensive Reference FM 100 5 pg 2 4 KF 112 1 KF 112 2 KF 112 3 KF 112 4 A course of action in which there are r
35. IB SECURITY EE CASE OF COUNTERING 0F ENENY RECON FUR COA COAdll FDR UWIT DED CiOD1 F R PECOM ACTION SCPEENI FUR ACTION DESTROY WITH IAPORTANCE Kodiun DC CAUSE Decasie Anze Eitur Pils es RED CSOP ts destroyed by DESTROY D C30Pl OBJECT ACTED 0B DESTROY __ Recent D CSOPl pecu RED CSOPl DESTROY Gens alat fied Sicil ti Pwelesontee Deut is Between From Constant Function Siclect canstant frum KH Pea nitet Stung Musa cd betel sm me tei You will have to help Disciple to understand why the task of assessing security of COA411 when enemy recon RED CSOP1 is present is reduced to the one of reporting a strength of COA411 in security because of countering the enemy recon RED CSO P1 As before Disciple proposes plausible explanations of the current task reduction example using analogy with rules learned from similar examples We just need to understand the expressions generated by Disciple and select those that are indeed explanations The first explanation piece proposed by Disciple is RED CSOP1 OBJECT ACTED ON DESTROY1 We accept this explanation piece by clicking first on it and then on the Accept button 54 In addition we need to tell Disciple that it is important that DESTROY 1 is a destroy action To this purpose we will give it a hint of type Is with DESTROY1 DESTROY 1 is part of the last explanation D ouble click on this explanatio
36. ITARY SPE 9 3203 is at most CONCEPT INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION MILITARY TASK at least CONCEPT SCREEN MILITARY TASK In the Rule Viewer window click on D etails and then maximize the window 107 Disciple Rude Viewer WITB IKPURTANCE 731 9 ESescause E VARIABLES 30 12 exactly CONCEPT COA SEECITICATION MICRCTMEORY Oi we is at noat CONCEPT MUDEPK NILITARYT UNIT DEPLOYARELE at least tP ECEJT MECHAKIZED IKFAXTES UDIT NILITAPS 3PECIALT 9 C3203 is at nost CONCEPT INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION MILITARY TASE at least COWCE T SCREEN MILITARY TASK Msi 1s execclp STRINC SET Hign E 73L r3 EXACTLY 9TRIRC SET High 251 IS EXACTLY 3STRING SET High ES ExcAUSE NOT EJ VARIABLES 9 E 202 is at nost CONCEPT MODEEX NILITART UNLT DEPLOYADLE C302 is at most CONCEPT DESTROY HILITARY TASK oz 04 20a ogiECT ACTED OM 02 9 Lua rs AT M ST CONCEPT DESTROY NILITARY TASK 04 IS AT MOST CONCEPT DESTROY NIlITART TASK Now click on Close To view the objects from the object hierarchy double click on lt OBJECT gt in the Disciple Hierarchy Browser window D isciple will display the top level objects from the KB 108 Disciple Hierarchy Browser i x 9 CI lt THING C FEATURE 9 1 lt OBJECT gt CJ ACTION 7 ALLEGIANCE View 7 ARTIFACT 7 ATTRIBUTE VALUE 7 CONTROL MEASURE I CRITERIA 7
37. LEARNING AGENTS LABORATORY User Manual GdingSated wih DsopeHPKB USER MANUAL Getting Started with Disciple HPKB Leaming Agents Laboratory Department of Computer Science MSN 4A5 George Mason University 4400 University Drive Fairfax Virginia 22030 Phone 703 993 1722 http lalab gmu edu Table of Content T Starting Disciple HPK Baitadi adie dide eret f idtm teh deat dms 4 2 Selecting HP K B DOmoall ctii i eo RIPPPOBEPOPIRR PeBpBesiio misere 6 3 Loading a Problem Description into the Knowledge Base eee 7 4 Viewing the Input Problem seee HH 9 5 Using Disciple as a Problem Solver 11 6 Teaching Disciple to Solve Problems He 16 6 1 Interacting with the Cooperative Problem Solver to critique COA411 0 eee teeter eterna 16 6 1 1 Defining a task reduction with the Example Editor sse 18 6 1 1 1 Defining a new task with the Task Editor 21 6 1 2 Interacting with the Rule Learner sesseessesseesseeeeee nennen nenne nnne enne 23 6 1 3 Defining a task reduction with the Example Editor see 25 6 1 3 1 Defining a new task with the Task Editor 27 6 1 4 Interacting with the Rule Learner 38 6 1 5 Defining a task reduction with the Example Editor s ee 43 6 1 5 1 Defining a new task with the Task Editor enne 45 6 1 6 Interacting with the Rule Learner
38. LIGCENCE COLLECTION MILITAEY T SK BECAUSE es the enemy unit nLUT DATTALION 1 performing the accion SCPEFN RIGHT which lia a cecomnsisasance action a a ee eR RE ere ER RRR PERE NR e OY RR TE A FRE E IDIUE DATTALIOEA BIUE BATTALIOEl SCPEEN BRICHT EBb STATE 0T C The top pane of the Negative Rule Refiner window shows the negative example ie the wrong reduction that D isciple has proposed 100 This reduction was proposed by Disciple because it is supported by explanation pieces that are similar with those of a correct reduction performed in the past in the context of coa411 Indeed there is a unit BLUE BATTALION1 which is performing an intelligence collection task and has some allegiance The mistake made by Disciple is that it has not realized that allegiance to the blue side means in fact friendly unit and not enemy unit Now that Disciple knows that this reduction is wrong it proposes plausible explanations of this failure The first explanation proposed is also the correct one BLUE SIDE is ALLEGIANCE O F UNIT but is not RED SID E With this explanation selected click on Accept Disciple refines the rule that generated this wrong example and returns to the Cooperative Problem Solver Disciple Cooperative Problem Solver ioj x Answers Reasoning Current Answer improvements Sume T EE A55E55 COA WRT PRINCIPLE OF SECURITY SE
39. M ohich is a SCREEN i SCPEEN NILITARY TASK ja PH SCREEN is INIELIIGENCI COLIECTIQU DILITARI TAT ushr SCREEN 15 NILITARY TAGK SCREEN is MILITARY EVENT SCREEW1 is SINGLE DOER ACTION m1 poc SCREEN i2 NILITALY ENABLIMNGC TASK E aos SCREEN iig en Setect constant Fanti KB Maanda E sin Question Answer Close Click on Close At this point Disciple will generate a rule based on this example and its explanations and it will introduce it in the KB This ends the process of learning a rule from the current example and Disciple will retum to the Cooperative Problem Solver 42 Notice that we do not need to look at the learned rule However if we wish we can display it by using the Rule E ditor as will be illustrated latter Disciple Cooperative Problem Solver CE Xx Reasoning Comen Answer improvements Sales T EE 4A55E55 COA WRT PRINCIPLE OF SECURITY _ C description Solve All Q L7 ASSESS SECURITY WRT COUNTERING ENEIY RECONNAISSANCE 7 description 7 ASSESS SECURITY WHEN ENEMY RECON IS PRESENT pe orm Options i j expert reductions Help JJ lower bound reductions J upper bound reductions Select solution New example Non elementary task Notice that the Cooperative Problem Solver window shows the reduction indicated by us in the top pane Notice also that it canno
40. Miew Edit Feature Value Help FOR COA 01 in range CONCEPT COA SPECIFICATION MICROTHEORY FOR UNIT O2 in range CONCEPT MODERN MILITARY UNIT DEPLOYABLE FOR RECON A O3inrange CONCEPT INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION MILITARY NL Desc Delete Insert We need to add a feature that will specify the importance of this report and to mark this task as elementary Click on Insert Then in the Select possible task description features press List all scroll down the feature names click on the WITH IMPO RTANCE feature and then on Select The selected feature is added to the task Click now on Elementary 76 Disciple Task Editor of x Task Editor Name REPORT WEAKNESS IN SECURITY BECAUSE ENEMY RECON IS NOT COT Close Pretty Name Report weakness in security because enemy recon is not countered vi Elementary Super tasks TASK gt ww Sub tasks w Viw ada Remove View Feature Value Help FOR COA 01 in range CONCEPT COA SPECIFICATION IMICROTHEORY source FOR UNIT O2 in range CONCEPT MODERN MILITARY UNIT DEPLOYABLE Source FOR RECON A 203 in range CONCEPT INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION MILITARY Taprovements WITH IMPORT 51 in range CSTRING SET High Medium Low NL Desc Delete Date TD Feature inserted Now the definition of the task is complete Click on Close This brings
41. O R RECO N ACTION 37 Disciple Example E ditor i OF x IF Close Cancel Question TO IS ASSESS SECURIT WRT COUNTERING ENEMY RECONNAISSANCE FOR COA COAAI1 T1 IS ASSESS SECURITY WHEN ENEMIY RECON IS PRESENT FOR COA COA411 FOR UNIT RED CSOP1 FOR RECON ACTION SCREEN 1 Modifying feature value Done Click on Close This ends the definition of the curent reduction with the Example E ditor 6 1 4 Interacting with the Rule Learner The Rule Learner is automatically invoked D isciple trying to learn a rule from the example defined above You will have to help Disciple to understand why the task of assessing security of COA411 with respect to wrt countering enemy reconnaissance is reduced to one of assessing security when the enemy reconnaissance is present The explanation is a formal representation of the information from the question and the answer However DiscipleHPKB does not have the ability to understand natural language and to translate the question and the answer into the corresponding explanation pieces Also you probably cannot formulate the explanation by yourself First of all there are many hundreds of object names and feature names in Disciples knowledge base such as SOVEREIGN ALLEGIANCE O F ORG and you are not familiar enough with them Secondly you are probably not familiar enough with the formal syntax of Disciple to be able to correctly define formal explanation
42. ORTAXCE Mediun 9 CI BECAUSE e E zzgb csopl DESTROYI J rnresTROTl is DESTPOV NIlITAPT TASX TWITH IMPURTANCE i5 exacrly Mediua TH INPORTANCE is exactly Pediun ICE ueten Awwe ces Click on Close At this point Disciple generates a rule based on this example and its explanations will introduce it in the K B and will return to the Cooperative Problem Solver 57 Disciple Cooperative Problem Solver OF x Reasoning Current Answer Improvements saree ASSES COA WRT PRINCIPLE OF SECURITY C description Solve All Q 7ASSESS SECURITY WRT COUNTERING ENENY RECONNAISSANCE C description Q 7 ASSESS SECURITY WHEN ENEMY RECON IS PRESENT C description Options e ES e fas REPORT STRENGTH IN SECURITY BECAUSE O0F COUNTERING 0F ENEMY RECON E BH rA FOR COA FOR UNIT FOR RECON ACTION FOR ACTION WITH IMPORTANCE CI c0a411 RED CSOP1 SCREEN DESTROY Medium Elementary task no variants available Notice that the Cooperative Problem Solver window shows the reduction indicated by us in the top pane It recognizes REPORT STRENG TH IN SECURITY BECAUSE O F COUNTERING ENEMY RECON as an elementary task Therefore in the bottom pane provides the instance of this task i e the features and their values If the value of any task feature had been a concept Disciple would have displayed several solutions in
43. OTHER TARGET FOR OTHER UNIT FOR PURPOSE FOR PURPOSE TYPE FOR RECOMMENDED FORCE RATIO FOR RECON ACTION FOR STANDARD ARTILLERY FOR SUBORDINATE TARGET UNIT FOR SUBUNIT FOR SUPPORTING ACTION FOR SUPPORTING EFFORT FOR SUPPORTING UNIT FOR SURPRISE FORCE RATIO FOR SYNCHRONIZATION ACTION Now click on Select The new feature is introduced in the list of the task features 29 l Disciple Task Editor Close m ee ee ers View FOR COA 01 in range CONCEPT COA SPECIFICATION MICROT FOR UNIT 02 in range CONCEPT MODERN MILITARY UNIT DE We need to repeat this process to insert a new feature in the definition of the task Click on Insert Select the List all filter in the Select possible task description features window Scroll the displayed features and click on FO R RECO N ACTION 30 FOR NBR SUPPORTING ACTIONS FOR NBR SUPPORTING EFFORT MANEUVERS FOR NBR SUPPORTING EFFORTS OFFENSIVE ACTIONS FOR OBJECT FOR OBJECTIVE FOR OPERATION FOR OTHER ACTION FOR OTHER OBJECT FOR OTHER PURPOSE TYPE FOR OTHER TARGET FOR OTHER UNIT FOR PURPOSE FOR PURPOSE TYPE FOR RECOMMENDED FORCE RATIO FOR RECON ACTION FOR STANDARD ARTILLERY FOR SUBORDINATE TARGET UNIT FOR SUBUNIT FOR SUPPORTING ACTION FOR SUPPORTING EFFORT Now click on Select The new feature is introduced in the list of task features 31 Disciple Task Edit
44. Problem Description into the Knowledge Base Let us load again coa411 In the Disciple Client window click on Agent Load instances The Select Instances window will be displayed Click on coa411 and then on Select E Disciple Select Instances Ed 3 coa41 3 coa421 3 coa51 At this point the instances corresponding to coa421 have been deleted from the KB and those corresponding to coa411 have been loaded GETTING STARTED WITH DISCIPLE HPKB Chapter Interacting with the Cooperative Problem Solver to Critique coa411 Let us now invoke the Cooperative Problem Solver In the Disciple Client window from the Tools menu select Problem Solver A window will appear that will allow us to select the problem we would like to solve Select List all and Disciple will list all the 14 predefined problems one for each principle or tenet In the displayed list click on P 07 SECURITY and then on the Select button This will invoke the Cooperative problem solver with the predefined task ASSE SS CO A WRT PRINCIPLE O F SECURITY Immediately Disciple proposes a reduction of this task to the following task ASSESS SECURITY WRT CO UNTERING ENEMY RECONNAISSANCE Click on it and then on Select solution This reduction will be performed Then D isciple proposes two alternative reductions of the task ASSESS SECURITY WRT CO UNTERING ENEMY RECONNAISSANCE Click on the tree like button on t
45. S BEC OK 13 ROT COUNTERED FUR COA COAdll FDR IWIT RED C20F1 FUR RECON ACTION SCREEN WITH IEFURT NCE High EIN serm or ME racr TAT O D winmmIBPURIANCE is exactly Nigb 9 Dorceuse s the enemy ceconnaisssnce unit 9 EJ zrp csopsl nESTEOYI CA pEsTROS OBJECT ACTED 0N PED CSOPl DESTROY aoe sa eme Hey Anzwor E boi Pimi E D C 0P1 lt OBJECT ACTED 0n DESTPDYTl noce D C3OPl Spocisuc Genuralile TOETOE Edit omni immed a ae onl eames aaa Select constant Feti KE Mantais Suing oie eee EC ry Tipoa J se cxe tere Click on the Is hint Then click on Destroy1 in the top pane 92 Dise ile Negative Rule Hetine Gi C assess SECUPITS WEEN EMEIS AC OK 13 PRESENT FUR COA COAJLL FDR UWIT RED CSOPl FO R RECOM ACTION SCREEN 9 CO THEN KOT Co pe ronr weane ss 10 SECURITY EECAOSE EWEICS REC OK 15 NOT COUNTERED TUR COA COAAII FUR UWIT RED C20PL FUR RECOM ACTION SCREEN WITH IBFURTANCE High 9 ESIN serm or mx racr Tur 7pwrmeinPORTANCR is exactly UMigh0 Dorcavse Girep csop DESTROYI CI 0ESTROTI OBIECT MCTED ON PED COPL DESTROY E JECT ACTED Oti FED CSOPL DESTROY 12 DESTROY MILITART TAST DEZIROYl 15 SIBUIE DUER ACTION DESTROUSI is CTC BLY CUNCEPT IDESTROYl is ACTION enemy cecomaiszsnce unit destroyed The bottom pane shows the various explanations of type Is for
46. Solver In coa421 plan for and conduct aggressive security counter reconnaissance actions SS destroying enemy intelligence collection units and activities Solve All FOR COA FOR UNIT FOR RECON ACTION WITH IMPORTANCE Options C coa421 RED CSOP1 SCREEN1 High Select solution New exaraple Incorrect solution Improvements description saved Click on Save Click on the Source tab to provide references for this answer Write the following text in the top pane FM 100 5 pg 2 5 KF 117 1 KF 117 3 A strength with respect to security exists when action is taken that limits enemy opportunity to acquire unexpected advantage thereby reducing friendly vulnerability to hostile acts influence or surprise 86 Disciple Cooperative Problem Solver FM 100 5 pg 2 5 KF 117 1 KF 117 3 A strength with respect to security exists hen action is taken that limits enemy opportunity to acquire unexpected advantage thereby reducing friendly vulnerability to hostile acts influence or surprise FOR COA FOR UNIT FOR RECON ACTION WITH IMPORTANCE c0A421 RED CSOPl SCREEN1 High Click on Save Then click on Close to exit the Cooperative Problem Solver In the following sections we will illustrate how the overly general rule that D isciple has just learned will be improved 87 GETTING STARTED WITH DISCIPLE HPKB Chapter Loading a
47. THERE ARE NO DECEPTION ACTIONS ASSIGNED Filter All Non Class Tasks w Then click on New This will start the process of defining the new task 6 1 3 1 Defining a new task with the Task Editor Write the task name Assess security when enemy recon is present or a similar sentence in the Create a new task window S Disciple New KB Element x Create a new task Name Cl Chss Assess security when enemy recon is present Create Cancel 27 Then click twice on Create The Task Editor is invoked and you have to complete the definition of the task Disciple Task Editor OF X Task Editor Name ASSESS SECURITY WHEN ENEMY RECON IS PRESENT Close Pretty Name Assess security when enemy recon is present _ Elementary Super tasks TASK Y Sub tasks M View add Remove View Feature Value Help FOR COA O1 in range CONCEPT COA SPECIFICATION MICROTHEORY NL Desc Delete Insert This task should have additional features one to specify the enemy unit and the other to specify the action performed by that unit Click on Insert to add the first feature The Select possible task description features window is displayed 28 Select the List all filter Scroll the displayed features and click on FO R UNIT Disciple Filtered Selection FOR OTHER PURPOSE TYPE FOR
48. TY WHEN ENEMY RECON IS PRESENT FOR COA 01 FOR UNIT 202 FOR RECON ACTION 203 9 BECAUSE 9 VARIABLES 9 301 is exactly CONCEPT COA SPECIFICATION MICROTHEORY 9 302 is at most CONCEPT MODERN MILITARY UNIT DEPLOYABLE at least CONCEPT MECHANIZED INFANTRY UNIT MILITARY SPECIALTY 9 303 is at most CONCEPT INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION MILITARY TASK at least CONCEPT SCREEN MILITARY TASK 9 304 is exactly CONCEPT RED SIDE 9 3202 gt 204 9 CJ 202 SOVEREIGN ALLEGIANCE OF O0RG 04 202 SOVEREIGN ALLEGIANCE OF ORG 204 9 202 gt 203 9 C 202 TASK 203 202 TASK 203 C 203 IS AT MOST CONCEPT INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION MILITARY TASK As you can see this is a complex knowledge structure but you do not need to work with it Now click on Close 106 Let us view an even more complex rule that D isciple learned from you In the Hierarchy Browser window select R A SWERIP 004 Then click on View Disciple Rule Viewer Tia ah ee TT Yi Hei Documentation 9 IF Q 7 AssESS SECURITY WHEN ENEMY RECON IS PRESENT FOR COA 01 FOR UNIT 02 FOR RECON ACTION 203 9 THEN 9 7 REPORT WEAENESS IN SECURITY BECAUSE ENEMY RECON IS NOT CO FOR COA 01 FOR UNIT 02 FOR RECON ACTION 203 WITH IMPORTANCE 31 9 BECAUSE VARIABLES 9 301 is exactly CONCEPT CO SPECIFICATION MICROTHEORY 9 3202 is at most CONCEPT MODERN MILITARY UNIT DEPLOYABLE at least CONCEPT MECHANIZED INFANTRY UNIT MIL
49. The second one Report weakness in security because enemy recon is not countered is wrong Select it and then click on Incorrect solution 90 GETTING STARTED WITH DISCIPLE HPKB Interacting with the Rule Refiner 9 Or 9 Ejassgss sk CUPITS WEEK EMEI S REC OK 13 PRESENT TUR COA COAJIL FUR UNIT RED CSOPI1 F R RECOM ACTION SCREEN E3 THEY KOT CI REPORT wkAEE s 10 SECUDITY EECAOSK EWMEIfS BEC OK 13 NOT COUNTERED FUR CUA COAJIL FOR UNIT RED CSOF1L FUR RECOM ACTION SCREENI gt Ci vini rneortanct i exactly Nigh BECADSE In the bottom pane of the Negative Rule Refiner window Disciple proposes explanations of the wrong reduction Click on RED CSOP1 OBJECT ACTED ON DESTROY1 91 Then click on Accept Indeed one should not report a weakness because DESTROY 1 actually acts on RED CSO P1 You also need to tell Disciple that DESTROY 1 is a destroy action You can do this by providing D isciple a hint of type Is and pointing to DESTROYT Double click on the explanation RED CSOP1 DESTROY1 in the top pane Then double click again on the expanded explanation Now D ESTROY 1 appears on a separate line and can be pointed to as part of an Is hint Discopie Negative Rule Hetine 9 Orr CI assess SECUPITS VEEX EMEI S BEC OK 13 PPESEWT Patrice FUR COA COAdll FOR UNIT RED C2OP1 F R RECON ACTION 3CREERI 9 Cites KOT 9 Czkrapr WEAENE 5 10 SECURITY EECAOSE EMEIT
50. and activities Intelligence collection by red csop1 will be disrupted by its destruction by destroy This and similar actions enhance security by preventing the enemy from ascertaining the nature and intent of friendly operations thereby decreasing the likelihood that the enemy will be prepared to counter friendly operations Then click on Save 60 Disciple Cooperative Problem Solver OF x Answers Reasoning current Answer Improvements Source iE ere is a strength with respect to security in coa4ll because it contains Bavel SSS aggressive security counter reconnaissance plans destroying enemy intelligence Solve All collection units and activities Intelligence collection by red csopl will be qu LL disrupted by its destruction by destroyl This and similar actions enhance Close security by preventing the enemy from ascertaining the nature and intent of friendly operations thereby decreasing the likelihood that the enemy will be Options repared to counter friendly operations FOR COA FOR UNIT FOR RECON ACTION FOR ACTION WITH IMPORTANCE C coa411 RED CSOPl SCREEN DESTROY Mediun Select solution New exaraple Correct solution Incorrect solution Natural language description saved Click on the Source tab and then in the displayed window insert a natural language text that provides source materials for the answer
51. coa411 Disciple Cooperative Problem Solver e acer Faso a RWV BOUE c ASSESS LOA WET PEIMCIPLE OF SECURIIY e c3 description Sole AD EJ expert ceducticns C lowez bownd reductions 3 A38ESS SECURITY VRT CUUNTERIBG ENET RECOENAISSADCE 9 L3 upper bouna reductions Noc elemezlary bek 71 This reduction is correct Click on it and then on Select solution Disciple Cooperative Problem Solver DE x o Reasoning COMEM Answer improvements SUuroe T EE AS5E55 COA WRT PRINCIPLE OF SECURITY a description Solve All 7 ASSESS SECURITY WRT COUNTERING ENEIY RECONNAISSANCE Close Options expert reductions lower bound reductions Fj ASSESS SECURITY WHEN ENEMY RECON IS PRESENT C ASSESS SECURITY WHEN ENEMY RECON IS PRESENT upper bound reductions New example Corect solution Incorrect solution Non elementary task The selected task was moved in the top pane and Disciple proposed two reductions of this task again by applying a rule learned while critiquing coa411 To see the entire descriptions of these tasks double click on them or on the tree like button on their right 72 Disciple Cooperative Problem Solver OF x Reasoning Current Answer Improvements Source sz ASSESS COA WRT PRINCIPLE OF SECURITY C description Solve All e ASSESS SECURITY WRT COUNTERIN
52. des 6 actions High Medium Low Clicking on Justification and on Formal Justification will provide more details on the justification Click on Index to return to the window with all the solutions Click on COA411 08 SECURITY to view the critique of coa411 with respect to the principle of security D isciple has not been taught how to critique a coa with respect to this principle Therefore no critique is generated 14 Ke xd E ess D Disciple Repositary Coa demo Solutions coa41 1 coadt 1 07 SECURITY html Course of Action COA477 Question 15 5 3 7 To what extent does this course of action conform to the Principle of Security Answers Abstract Justification Justification Formal Justification We will demonstrate how Disciple could be taught to perform such a critique You can now close the Internet Explorer window that displays the solutions 15 GETTING STARTED WITH DISCIPLE HPKB Teaching Disciple to Solve Problems We will now teach Disciple to critique CO As with respect to the Principle of Security Chapter 6 1 Interacting with the Cooperative Problem Solver to critique coa411 We first need to invoke the Cooperative Problem Solver In the Disciple Client window from the Tools menu select Problem Solver A window will appear that will allow us to select the problem we would like to solve Select List all and Disciple will
53. e im Piia E Jisciple Areevenr E ditor T consider enemy reconnaissance s ce ie It also fills in the question in the Disciple Question Editor window 18 Disciple Question Editor ioj x oes the COA include security and counter recon actions a security element a rear element and identity risks at em ae We need to provide the answer to the question and the subtask derived from this answer The task is to assess CO A411 with respect to the Principle of Security The question has the purpose of enumerating the various aspects that one needs to consider with respect to the Principle of Security and guides us to break the top level task into several subtasks each corresponding to one of the identified aspects One of these aspects is the enemy reconnaissance and the corresponding subtask is to assess security of COA411 with respect to countering enemy reconnaissance You could therefore write the answer I consider enemy reconnaissance in the Answer editor window Notice that this is a natural language phrase Y ou can rephrase it any way you wish Disciple Answer Editor iof x I consider enemy reconnaissance set cose Help 19 Then you have to fill in the subtask of assessing security of COA411 with respect to countering enemy reconnaissance in the bottom pane of the Disciple Example Editor window Cl
54. elatively few offensive type tasks maneuvers or operations is not effectively applying the principle of offensive A COA in which the tenet of initiative is not properly employed is probably not effectively applying the principle of offensive Surprise is a key element of initiative Answer 2 Description COA411 is very strong with respect to offensive because the COA includes 6 actions and the main effort is assigned 1 action s that are offensive actions in the context of the current mission and there are also 4 other offensive action s assigned to supporting efforts and elements Reference FM 100 5 pg 2 4 KF 112 1 KF 112 2 KF 112 3 A course of action in which there are relatively few offensive type tasks maneuvers or operations is not effectively applying the principle of offensive High Medium Low PP SD Document Done SS B The answers are color coded to indicate the importance of the generated critiques High Medium or L ow Each answer consists of two pieces of information the answer itself and references to manuals and predefined knowledge fragments that support the answer Click on Abstract Justification to see how Disciple has generated each critique 13 X GMU Critiquer Course of Action coa411 coa411 02 OFFENSIVE Netscape ae Edit View Go Communicator Help X 2 3 A 2 u d ww O di Back Foward Reload Home Search Netscape Print Security Shop Stop uf Bookmarks y Location
55. emy recon is not countered 10 1 Defining a task reduction with the Example Editor Click on New example to define the above reasoning step The Example Editor window will be displayed Write No in the Answer Editor window 74 d the enemy reconnsissapce unit destroyed ASSESS SECURIT V W HEH EHEM V RECON E FRESENT FOR COR coal FOR UNIT RED CSOPI FOR RECON ACTION SCREEN sma ma Ree eee pee ae cie i e rm x Tan nti s ee ue Then click on Add task in the Example Editor window Click on New in the Filtered selection window to initiate the definition of a new task 10 1 1 Defining a new task with the Task Editor Introduce the name of the new task Report weakness in security because enemy recon is not countered in the New KB element window Ef Disciple New KB Element Create a new task Name CI Class Report weakness in security because enemy recon is not countered cme cuen 75 Now click twice on Create The Task Editor window will be opened to complete the definition of the task Disciple Task Editor dof x Task Editor Name REPORT WEAKNESS IN SECURIT Y BECAUSE ENEM Y RECON IS NOT COT Close Pretty Name Report weakness in security because enemy recon is not countered _ Elementary Super tasks TASK AA Sub tasks Vv view Add Remove View
56. es to be used in the COA The COA statement is expressed in a restricted but expressive subset of English as described in various military manuals The example above depicts two of the standard required elements of the COA text Mission and Close Battle The Mission section of the COA text describes the overall mission of the unit preparing the COA In this case the mission of Blue Brigade 2 is to attack to penetrate Red Mechanized Infantry Regiment 2 with the purpose of enabling another unit Blue Armor Brigade 1 to seize an objective call O bjective SLAM Thus the mission segment of the COA text tells the unit exactly what is to be accomplished attack how it is to be accomplished in this particular COA penetrate and why the mission is to be performed enable another attack to succeed The COA sketch and statement are translated into a formal representation in the CycL language by a fusion engine developed by Teknowledge and ATAT This fusion engine is not part of the D isciple system Disciple contains a problem mediator that receives as input a text file containing the CycL representation of a coa and translates it into an instance file in the D isciple representation When we loaded coa411 we loaded directly this instance file Notice that the coa statement contains some names in brackets in blue such as BLUE BRIGADE2 attacks ATTACK2 to penetrate PENETRATE1 These names are the unique names given to various elements of the CO
57. esseesesssessseeeeeee nemen nenne nnnm nnne nnnneren nnne 54 7 Using Disciple as a Problem Solver sssssseesesssseeeeeeeeeennneeen nennen eren nennen nennen nter nnne 63 8 Loading a Problem Description into the Knowledge Base seess eee 69 9 Viewing the Input Problen iu ette rci ire Er EXER E Ee ERES REX RR RENE EXE REXE EE RYE EITA EFE Re uda 70 10 Interacting with the Cooperative Problem Solver to Critique coa421 71 10 1 Defining a task reduction with the Example Editor sss 74 10 1 1 Defining a new task with the Task Editor emen 75 10 1 2 Interacting with the Rule Learner ssssssssseeeee eene nennen nennen 80 11 Loading a Problem Description into the Knowledge Base eee 88 12 Interacting with the Cooperative Problem Solver to Critique coa411 ssse 89 13 Interacting with the Rule Refiner ssessssssssssssseeeeeeeeeeeneneneeenn eene nnnmmmrnnnn nennen nnne nennen nnne 91 14 Loading a Problem Description into the Knowledge Base 95 15 Viewing the Input Probler saeseseneaenenedesennenanmneene n NEN ink CON ln CON ink Unk EE EP hn els 97 16 Interacting with the Cooperative Problem Solver to Critique coa51 sssse 98 17 Interacting with the Rule Refiner ssssssssssssseeeeeee eene nennen nennen ren nennen 100 18 Interacting with the Hierarchy Browser emere nennen nennen 103 19 Interacting with the Rule Viewer
58. feature values 83 Disciple Cooperative Problem Solver DE x Reasoning CUT Tent Answer Improvemens Soiree ASSE55 COA WRT PRINCIPLE OF SECURITY C description Solve All Q t3 ASSESS SECURITY WRT COUNTERING ENEMY RECONNAISSANCE SSS C description 9 ASSESS SECURITY WHEN ENEMY RECON IS PRESENT description s Options C3 REPORT WEAKNESS IN SECURITY BECAUSE ENEMY RECON IS NOT COUNTERED EJ FoR cOA FOR UNIT FOR RECON ACTION WITH IMPORTANCE c0A421 RED CSOP1 SCREEN High Elementary task no variants available Now click on Select Solution The top pane will now display the current answer in natural language Replace the current text generated by Disciple with a more detailed one that contains also some of the feature values i e coa421 red csop1 screen1 and High such as There is a weakness with respect to security in coa421 because there are no actions taken to destroy red csop1 which is an enemy unit assigned to collect intelligence and protect against surprise Coa421 fails to call for aggressive security counter reconnaissance actions destroying enemy intelligence collection units and activities This and similar actions would enhance security by preventing the enemy from ascertaining the nature and intent of friendly operations thereby decreasing the likelihood that the enemy will be prepared to counter friendl
59. he right of the Cooperative Problem Solver window to see the complete descriptions of these reductions One reduction corresponds to red csop1 and the other to red csop2 Let us first deal with red csop1 Click on the first reduction and then on Select solution The task Assess security when enemy recon is present is moved to the top pane and Disciple immediately proposes two possible reductions Click on the tree like button on the right of the Cooperative Problem Solver window to see the complete descriptions of these reductions 89 Disciple Cooperative Problem Solver OF x Sani anasan improvements Spe sz ASSESS COA WRT PRINCIPLE OF SECURITY description Solve All 9 ASSESS SECURITY WRT COUNTERING ENEMY RECONNAISSANCE C description 7 ASSESS SECURITY WHEN ENENY RECON IS PRESENT Close Options expert reductions lower bound reductions Help 9 CI gt REPORT STRENGTH IN SECURITY BECAUSE 0F COUNTERING 0F ENEMY RECON F R COA C0A411 FOR UNIT RED CSOP1 FOR RECON ACTION SCREENI FOR ACTION DESTROY1 WITH IMPORTANCE Medium E 9 CI REPORT UEAKNESS IN SECURITY BECAUSE ENEMY RECON IS NOT COUNTERED E FOR COA C0A411 FOR UNIT RED CSOPl Select solution FOR RECON ACTION SCREEN1 WITH IMPORTANCE High New example upper bound reductions Corect solution TU Incorrect solution Non elementary task Obviously these two reductions are contradictory to one another
60. i bs reconnaissance action ED CSOPL TASK CR onis RED CSOPl SOVEDEICH ALLECIANCE 0T RC RED 3IDK PUDE COadlL RED C30Pl Ema simi ineseeseneeenesreeseencerenteneteteseted ii MNT usus eed ne seu Pes ee Setect constant 4 UAE wren Gesn Answer cise You want to guide D isciple to generate the above explanations Let us consider first the explanation that states that RED CSO P1 is performing the action SCREENT You can do it by using a Between hint You can simply select the Between button and then click on RED CSOP1 and on SCREENT in the example i e where they appear as values of the features FO R UNIT and FOR RECO N ACTION This directs Disciple to look in the object ontology for the paths between RED CSO P1 and SCREEN 1 These paths represent plausible explanations and are displayed in the bottom left pane of the Rule Leaming window One of these paths is RED CSOP1 TASK SCREEN1 Select it and then click on Accept as explained above You also want to tell Disciple that it is important that RED CSO P1 is an enemy unit You do not know how this piece of knowledge is represented in the K B of Disciple but it should be something related to RED CSOP1 You can provide Disciple a hint of type From A From hint is given by selecting the From button and then clicking on an object in the example such as RED CSO P1 Disciple will look for an explanation i
61. ick on Add task button This opens a task selector window that will allow you to display the existing tasks from the K B and to select the one to be included in the D isciple Example Editor window Disciple Filtered Selection x Select a task name Listall Starting with letter Pattem ASSESS COA WRT PRINCIPLE O0F ECONOMY O0F FO RCE ASSE55 COA WRT PRINCIPLE OF MANEUVER ASSESS COA WRT PRINCIPLE O0F MASS A55E55 COA WRT PRINCIPLE OF OBJECTIVE A55E55 COA WRT PRINCIPLE OF OFFENSIVE ASSE55 COA WRT PRINCIPLE OF SECURITY A55E55 COA WRT PRINCIPLE OF SIMPLICITY A55E55 COA WRT PRINCIPLE OF SURPRISE A55E55 COA WRT PRINCIPLE OF UNITY OF COMMAND ASSESS COA WRT TENET O0F AGILITY ASSESS COA WRT TENET 0F DEPTH ASSESS COA WRT TENET O0F INITIATIVE ASSESS COA WRT TENET O0F SYNCHRONIZATION ASSESS COA WRT TENET O0F VERSATILITY ASSESS O0FFENSIVE WHEN MAIN EFFO RT HAS O0FFENSIVE ACTIONS ASSESS O0FFENSIVE WHEN THERE ARE O0FFENSIVE ACTIONS ASSESS OFFENSIVE WRT THE NUMBER 0F O0FFENSIVE ACTIONS ASSESS O0FFENSIVE WRT THE PRESENCE O0F END STATEMENTS ASSESS O0FFENSIVE WRT THE PRESENCE 0F FOLLOW ON FORCES SSESS O0FFENSIVE WRT THE PRESENCE 0F INDEPENDENT ACTIONS Filter m Non Class Tasks hd See New me Come Bee The Filter at the bottom of the Filtered Selection window allows you to specify the class of tasks from which you will display the tasks All related tasks means all
62. issance Is the enemy reconnaissance unit destroyed Yes RED CSOP1 is destroyed by DESTROY1 Conclude that There is a strength with respect to security in CO 411 because it contains aggressive High Medium Low iPED Document Done SSS You can notice that these justifications consist of the sequences of questions and answers that guided your reductions Notice also how they have been used for RED CSO P2 as well Click on Justification to see more detailed justifications that also include the intermediate tasks and the explanations 66 rnt 1 j Y SOH file D disciple Repository Coa demo solutions coa411 coa411 07 SE CURIT Y html ha Course of Action COA4 Question 15 5 3 7 To what extent does this course of action conform to the Principle of Security Answers Abstract Justification Justification Formal Justification Answer 1 Assess COA wrt principle of security Does the CO include security and counter recon actions a security element a rear ele I consider enemy reconnaissance Perform ssess security wrt countering enemy reconnaissance gt Is an enemy reconnaissance unit present Yes the enemy unit RED CSOP2 is performing the action SCREEN2 which is a Because RED CSOP2 has the task SCREEN2 RED CSOP2 sovereign allegiance of org RED SIDE Perform A ssess security when enemy recon is present gt Is the enemy reconnaissance unit destroyed Yes RED CSOP2
63. list 14 predefined problems one for each principle and tenet ES Disciple Filtered Selection Select a problem List all Starting with letter Pattem P O0l1 OBJECTIVE P O0Z O0FFENSIVE P 03 MASS P 04 FORCE P 05 MANEUVER P 06 COMMAND P 07 SECURITY P 08 SURPRISE P 09 SIMPLICITY P 10 INITIATIVE P 11 AGILITY P 12 DEPTH P 13 SYNCHRONIZATION P 14 VERSATILITY Filter All Problems v Select New Refresh Cancel Help 16 In the displayed list click on P 07 SECURITY and then on the Select button This will invoke the Cooperative problem solver with the predefined problem ASSESSCOA WRT PRINCIPLE O F SECURITY Disciple Cooperative Problem Solver iO xi aise Reasoning E ASSESS COA WRT PRINCIPLE OF SECURITY Solve All GIT ent anosa I IDTOVERIEDTSISGUTCET I description Pe r3 expert reductions Options CJ lower bound reductions ee upper bound reductions 3 upp Help Non elementary task Clicking on description in the top pane allows us to see the complete description of the input problem The same effect is achieved by clicking on the tree like buttons in the right hand side of the window The problem solver tried to reduce this task by applying the task reduction rules from its knowledge base However there is no rule in the K
64. ll be moved on the top pane after the BECAUSE label The next explanation piece proposed by Disciple is RED CSOP1 TASK SCREEN1 It expresses in Disciple s language that RED CSO P1 is performing the action SCREEN1 We accept this explanation piece as well by clicking first on it and then on the Accept button Notice that it is displayed in the top pane in an abstract form Click on it and you will see the complete form of 39 this explanation piece Click on the complete form and Disciple will display it vertically so that you can now point to individual pieces of this explanation such as SCREEN1 We will use this feature latter The third explanation piece proposed by Disciple is RED CSO P1 SOVEREIGN ALLEGIANCE OF ORG RED SIDE Itidentifies RED CSO P1 as an enemy unit and we will select it by clicking on Accept Denipte Ueestion Editor Discite Aule Learner M e Or C A322833 SECUPITY WRT COUNTERING ENEXY PECOMNATSS ANCE FUR COA CUAdLL s an enemy recommaissance unit present E3142 832 SECUPITS VHEN EWEIS RECUN 13 PPESEWT FuR COA CUA4II FOR UNIT RED CX ODl1 FUR FEXCON ACTION SCREET1 9 ESnrckusr ET scree iz INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION NILITARY TASK e9E RED CS0Pl SCREENL 9 TRED C30Pl RED SIDE set J ae Herr es the enemy unit RED CSOPl is NEN action SCPEFHI ohich is a tion SCPEEK1 12 INTELIICENCE COLIECTIOU NILITART TA ST ED L3OPl TASE
65. n the form of a sequence of features and values starting with RED CSO P1 One of 41 the generated explanations will be RED CSOP1 SOVEREIG N ALLEGIANCE OF ORG RED SID E Select it and then click on Accept as explained above Finally you want to tell Disciple that RED CSO P1 is an enemy reconnaissance unit In the Answer we recognized RED CSO P1 as a reconnaissance unit because it performs the action SCREEN1 which is a reconnaissance action Y ou should therefore give D isciple a hint of type Is This hint tells D isciple that SCREEN 1 should be of a certain type i e a reconnaissance action Click on the Is button Then in the top pane click on SCREEN1 where it appears as a value of the feature FO R RECO N ACTION Disciple will display in the bottom pane all the explanations of type Is for SCREEN1 One of them is SCREEN1 IS INTELLIG ENCE COLLECTION MILITARY TASK Select it and then click on Accept as explained above Disciple has now an explanation of the current example Dise ils Aule Learner Gr 9 EJassgss SECUPITS WeT COUNTERING ENEMY PECOMNATSS ANCE TUR COA COAGLL gps SECUPITS WHEN EWENS REC MN 13 PRESENT COA C A4ll depo RED C 0p1 FUR RECON ACTION SCREEN 9 E3nrckusr G rep csopl SCREENL 9 E RED C30Pl RED SIDE 9 7 sCREENL is INTRILIGENCE COLLECTION NILITARS TASK es the enemy unit RED CSOPL ts erforming the action SCREE
66. n to display it completely Then double click again on the complete explanation to display each of its components separately This will allow you to click on select DESTROY 1 as part of the Is hint Now you can give Disciple the Is hint Click on Is and then on DESTROYT Disciple displays explanations of type Is Disegle Aule Leamer CI Destine Husstion tdioe E E gr Murs s the enemy ceconmmsisssnce unit E332 833 SECURITS VEEN EMEIGS RECON 13 PRESENT eatroyed FUR COA COAGLL FOR UNTT hFD CSOD1 F R RECON ACTION SCREENI Gime EJ ngronT STEENCTE IB SECURITY BECAUNE OF COUNTERING 0F ENENY RRCON FUR COA COAGLL FOR UNTT DED C2OP1 FUR PECOW ACTION SCPEENI FUR ACTION DESTBDTl WITH IMPURTAXCE Hodina 9 CI BECAUSE 9 neo con pEsTROYI CODESTROY ORJECT ACTED 0K PED CSOPl DEZTROSI DBJECT ACTED C6 RED CSOPI Chee Set LIII Help es RED CSOP1 ts destroyed by DESTROY DESTROY Le DESTROY MIGITART TASK JESTROYL 15 MILITARY TASK DESTROTL 1s MILITARY EVENT ESTROV1 15 3INGLE DOER ACTIOG DESTROY t CTC ODLY CUNCEPT fied Si DESTROY is ACTION DESTROYI Ewlovation ope Detaut is Between From Constant Function Selled censtant frum KE b Kunt L sm Queen Answer cose Dypiesss ne genemned RSS rea S4 Chee Help Accept the first one DESTROY 1 is DESTROY MILITARY TASK We need to assert a level of importance t
67. o longer proposed by D isciple You can continue the problem solving process if you wish until you find a solution to the top level task However there is nothing else to be learned in this problem solving session 94 GETTING STARTED WITH DISCIPLE HPKB Chapter Loading a Problem Description into the Knowledge Base To illustrate another case of rule refinement let us consider another coa coab1 In the Cooperative Problem Solving window click on the Close button and then confirm that you want to dose the Cooperative Problem Solver In the Disciple Client window click on Agent Load instances The Select Instances window will be displayed Click on coa51 and then on Select S Disciple Select Instances 3 coa411 3 coa421 3 coast sen emen ves ame 95 At this point the instances corresponding to coa411 have been deleted from the KB and those corresponding to coa51 have been loaded 96 GETTING STARTED WITH DISCIPLE HPKB Chapter Viewing the Input Problem To view coa51 use the Disciple Client window and from the Solutions menu select Input Problem Viewer An Intemet Explorer window will appear that contains the description of coa51 As in the case of the previous COAs the description of coa51 contains two pieces of information a sketch and a statement W GMU Critiquer cosSt Courre of Action Netscape Lim x Ele Ed View Go Commricso Hep 3 zm 6 3 g i Bat
68. o this strength is security therefore let us describe another type of hint that you can give to Disciple This is the hint Constant which tells Disciple that a certain value from the example should be preserved as such in the general rule learned from it Y ou can use this type of hint to tell Disciple that the importance of the report from this example should always be Medium Click on Constant and then click on Medium in the example i e the line WITH IMPO RTANCE Medium Disciple proposes the explanation WITH IMPO RTANCE is exactly Medium 55 E 2822 SECURITS WHEN EMEICS RECUN 13 PRESENT FUR COA COAGLL FOR UNIT RFD CSODl1 FUR RECOM ACTION SCREENI Cites EJngronT STEENCTE IB SECURITY EECAQUNE OF COUNTERIBG 0F ENENY ERCON FUR COA COad1L FOR UNTT DED C 001 F R PECOM ACTION SCPEENI FUR ACTION DESTROY 9 CI BECAUSE e Ejzzb csopi pEsTROYI JrnrsTm Tl i2 DESTPOV NILITART TASX memet m mem j trom cma Pet uen Awwe ces We accept this explanation by clicking on it and then on the Accept button These are all the explanations that are necessary for this current example 56 E as8s2 SECURITS VEEN ENEICS RECON 13 PRESENT FUR COA COAdll FOR UMTT DFD CSOD1 FUR RECOM ACTIONM SCREEN Gites E REPORT STEENCTE IB SECURITY EE CADSE OF COUNTERING 0F ENENY ERCON FUR COA COAGLL FOR UNTT PED C20P1 F R PECON ACTION SCPEENI FUR SCTION DESTROY WITH INP
69. or Iof x Task Editor Name ASSESS SECURITY WHEN ENEMY RECON IS PRESENT Close Pretty Name Assess security when enemy recon is present _ Elementary Super tasks lt TASK w Sub tasks Adi Remove viw Feature Value Help FOR COA O1 in range CONCEPT COA SPECIFICATION MICR FOR UNIT O2inrange CONCEPT MODERN MILITARY UNIT FOR RECON 03 in range CONCEPT INTELLIGENCE COLLECTIO NL Desc Delete TD Feature inserted Now the definition of the task is complete enough Click on Close This ends the process of defining the new task This task is now introduced in the KB of Disciple and can be used in completing the current reduction The new task is displayed and selected in the Select a task name window of the Filtered Selection tool 32 22 Disciple Filtered Selection SSESS SECURITY WHEN ENEMY RECON IS PRESENT Click on Select A partial instance of the tasks appears in the bottom pane of the Example Editor window 33 Disciple Example Eao IE TO IS ASSESS SECURITY WRT COUNTERING ENEMY RECONN AISSANCE FOR COA COA4I1 esses essc aces cn ges T1l IS ASSESS SECURIT Y WHEN ENEMY RECON IS PRESENT FOR COA COA411 FOR UNIT FOR RECON ACTION We now need to complete the description of the task by supplying values for the features FO R UNIT and FOR RECO N ACTION Select the line cor
70. piction of the course of action It includes enough of the high level structure and maneuver aspects of the plan to show how the actions of each unit fit together to accomplish the overall purpose while omitting much of the execution detail that will be included in the eventual operational plan The three primary elements included in the COA sketch are control measures which limit and control interactions between units unit graphics that depict known initial locations and make up of friendly and enemy units and mission graphics that depict actions and tasks assigned to friendly units The COA sketch is drawn using a palette based sketching utility The sketch in the figure above for example includes a square labeled Blue Task Force 2 The symbols indicate that this is a battalion sized task force consisting of two tank units and two infantry units and the task force is assigned the task of conducting a fixing attack against enemy units located in the vicinity of O bjective Coors The solid lines above and below Blue Task Force 2 mark the unit s northern and southern boundaries which it may not cross or shoot across without asking permission The COA statement clearly explains what the units in a course of action will do to accomplish the assigned mission The text of a COA statement includes a description of the mission and desired end state as well as sandard elements that describe purposes operations tasks forms of maneuvers units and resourc
71. responding to the feature FO R UNIT Then click on Set value In the Select possible feature values window select the Starting with letter filter and write the letter t Disciple will display all the objects from the KB that start with R 34 Disciple Filtered Selection RECONNAISSANCE UNIT MILITARY SPECIALTY RED ARTILLERY BATTALION1 RED ARTILLERYBATTERY1 RED ARTILLERYBATTERY2 RED ARTILLERYBATTERY3 RED DIVISIONZ RED MECH BATTALIONI RED MECH BATTALIONZ RED MECH COMPANY1 RED MECH COMPANY2 Click on RED CSO P1 and then on Select RED CSO P1 is selected as value of the feature FO R UNIT 35 Disciple Example Editor ME E TO IS ASSESS SECURITY WRT COUNTERING ENEMY RECONN AISSANCE FOR COA COA4I1 ASSESS SECURITY WHEN ENEMY RECON IS PRESENT FOR COA COA4I1 FOR UNIT RED CSOP1 FOR RECON ACTION You need to repeat this process for the feature FO R RECO N ACTION Select the line corresponding to the feature FOR RECON ACTION in the Example Editor window Then click on Set value In the Select possible feature values window select the Starting with letter filter and write the letter s Disciple will display all the objects from the KB that start with S Click on SCREEN 1 and then on Select 36 Disciple Filtered Selection j SCREEN MILITARY T SK SCREENI SCREEN 1 is introduced as value of the feature F
72. s Disciple simplifies this process for us First of all it will start by proposing plausible explanations of the current task reduction example using analogy with rules learned from similar examples These potential 38 explanations are displayed in the bottom pane of the Rule Leamer window We only need to understand these expressions and to select those that are indeed explanations Duceppe Hulo Learner inj xj e Or 9 LDJassgss SECUPITS VET COUXTEPRIDG EREXY PECONKATSS ANCE FUR COA COAdII s an enemy recomnaissesnce unit present E7 Ase839 SECURITY WHEN EMENS RECON 13 PRESENT FUR COA CUA4II FOR UXIT RED C OD1 TUR RECOM ACTIC ZCREENI BECADSE es the enemy unit RED CSOFl is oe wane BUR RUM ASA Beeb ean omens BM ertoruing the accion SCREEN which is a SCREEN i2 INTELIICENCE COLIECTION MILITART TASU secat 1 reconmeissance action ED CSOPL TASK gt SCREENL RED CSOP1 SOVEREICH ALLECIANCE OF ORC RED SIDE COAdLL RED C20P1 ce ERE of een oa Select constant feom E Maw nte SRI ie Question Answer Close escena temen s J Ge Hele The first explanation piece proposed by Disciple and already selected by it is SCREEN1 is INTELLIGENCE COLLECTIO N MILITARY TASK This states in Disciple s language that SCREEN 1 is a reconnaissance action Therefore we accept it by clicking on the Accept button This explanation piece wi
73. s in the value of the FO R COA feature by using the assumption that if a task feature appears in both sides of an example its value will be the same Y ou can modify the value but this is not necessary in this Case 22 Disciple Example E ditor Close Cancel Question TU IS ASSESS COA WRT PRINCIPLE OF SECURITY FOR COA COA411 THEN Add task Delete task Set value Use concept J Answer T1 IS ASSESS SECURITY WRT COUNTERING ENEMY RECONN AISSANCE FOR COA COA411 Features retrieved Displaying Done Now the task reduction has been completely defined and you can click on Close 6 1 2 Interacting with the Rule Learner After the example has been defined the Rule Learner is automatically invoked Disciple will learn a general task reduction rule from the provided task example 23 Detimte eestion Editor Dise ile Hule Learner a OE Gir 9 Ejassgss coA WRT PRINCIPLE OF SsECUPDITY FUR C0A COAALL Snes E3142 832 SECUPITS VRT COWNTERIDG EREMY PECONKATS2 ANCE FOR COA C A4Il pes the COA include security and Dulata counter recon actions 4 security element a rear element and identity isks EE CADSE sa chase Het Daciple Anzes Ebor Patel Es E consider enemy reconnsisseemce r A4M nem C0Adll COA ONFEMSIVE ACTIOU FUR HISSIOU gt Specialize C Adll EWD STATE OF COA gt ur um Genium alt COAGLL
74. st Question Answer Clone Nethe opecrian xaccedeti nsasamurute Se Chee Help This is the only explanation that we will give D isciple for this task reduction The other explanation pieces proposed by D isciple are not relevant Notice that there is no explanation that states that the enemy recon unit red csop1 is not destroyed Disciple cannot propose this explanation because all the explanations that can be proposed are facts that are true in the KB We know that the enemy recon unit red csop1 is not destroyed because there is no action in coa421 that destroys red csop1 In this case the explanation would have needed to be something that is missing This cannot be done in the current version of Disciple We also consider that it would be too difficult for a subject matter expert to provide such an explanation The expert would need to formulate a logical expression that would state that it is not true that there is some action a which is a destroy action that acts on red csopl What we will do is to let Disciple to learn a very general rule from this task reduction This rule basically states that if one has to assess security when enemy recon is present then one should report a weakness because the enemy recon is not destroyed This rule will generate a wrong solution in the situations where the enemy recon is actually destroyed as was the case in coa411 At that point however it will be very easy for Disciple or the expert
75. strength in security because of countering of enemy reco Then click twice on Create The Task Editor is invoked and you have to complete the definition of the task 45 This task should have two additional features one to specify the destroy action and the other to specify the importance of this strength Disciple Task Editor Ioj X Task Editor Name REPORT STRENGTH IN SECURITY BECAUSE OF COUNTERING OF ENEM Close Pretty Name Report strength in security because of countering of enemy recon _ Elementary Super tasks lt TASK gt w Sub tasks Y viw aa Remove View l EDU Value Help FOR COA O1 in range CONCEPT COA SPECIFICATION MICROTHEORY FOR UNIT O2 in range CONCEPT MODERN MILITARY UNIT DEPLOY ABLE FOR RECON A O3inrange CONCEPT INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION MILITARY NL Delete Insert Click on Insert to add the first feature The Select possible task description features window is displayed Select the List all filter Click on FOR ACTION 46 Select possible task description features Listall Starting with letter Pattem F FOR ACTION FOR ACTION TYPE FOR ADDITIONAL UNIT FOR ARTILLERY UNIT FOR COA FOR COA ACTION FOR COA ECHELON FOR COA PURPOSE FOR COA UNIT FOR DECISIVE POINT FOR FORCE RATIO FOR LOCATION FOR MASS RATIO FOR MISSION TYPE FOR NBR ACTION TYPE FOR NBR ACTIONS
76. t propose any reduction of the bottom level task Therefore we need again to provide the reduction by clicking on New example This will lead us to the same sequence of operations as before 6 1 5 Defining a task reduction with the Example Editor The Example Editor is invoked and the top pane displays the current task to be reduced We need to assess security of CO A411 when enemy recon RED CSO P1 is present Is the enemy reconnaissance unit destroyed Yes RE D CSO P1 is destroyed by DESTROY1 Then I can report a strength of COA411 in security because of countering the enemy recon RED CSOP1 This analysis clarifies the reduction that we want to be performed in this situation 43 Introduce the question and the answer in the corresponding windows Is the eneny reconnaissance unit destroyed ere seme Dena eee Uere em sa ore ta IINE XL Wes RED CSUAL ds destroyed by DESTEOYL Tak nti Li dote Jo Click on Add Task The Select a task name window will appear 44 Disciple Filtered Selection Select List all if you would like to verify that the K B does not contain the task Then click on New 6 1 5 1 Defining a new task with the Task Editor Write the task name Report strength in security because of countering of enemy recon or a similar sentence in the Create a new task window Tm New KB Element x Report
77. the tasks related to the task in the top pane of the Example Editor window In this case this means all the tasks related to the principle of security All Non Class Tasks means all the non class tasks in the knowledge base The buttons at the top of the Filtered Selection window perform an additional filtering of the tasks to be displayed The only task related to security that the KB contains is the one from the top pane of the Example Editor window Therefore you need to define the subtask to be included in the current example 20 6 1 1 1 Defining a new task with the Task Editor Click on the New button in the Filtered Selection window This opens the New KB Element window where we have to provide the name of the new task Write Assess security wrt countering enemy reconnaissance or a similar phrase Then click on the Create button Disciple will transform this phrase into a task name by replacing the blanks with Then it will give you a chance to make any corrections you wish Click again on Create DIES New KB Element x Create a new task Name CI Class Assess security wrt countering enemy reconnaissance Create Cancel Press again Create if the current name is OK The Task Editor window will be opened with a partial description already hypothesized by Disciple To fill in this partial description D isciple uses the assumption that the task in the THEN part of an
78. tion tool Select List all if you would like to verify that the K B does not contain the task you want to define 26 Disciple Filtered Selection x Select a task name List all Starting with letter O Pattern ASSESS SECURITY WRT COUNTERING ENEMY RECONNAISSANCE A55E55 SURPRISE WRT DECEPTION ACTIONS SSESS SURPRISE WRT FORCE RATIO ASSESS SURPRISE WRT SURPRISE ACTIONS ASSESS SURPRISE WRT SURPRISE TIMING ASSESS SURPRISE WRT THE PRESENCE F SURPRISE FACT RS REPORT STRENGTH IN FFENSIVE BECAUSE BOTH THE MAIN AND THE SUPPORTING EFF RTS HAVE O0FFENSIVE ACTIONS REPORT STRENGTH IN OFFENSIVE BECAUSE OF PRESENCE OF INDEPENDENT ACTIONS REPORT STRENGTH IN OFFENSIVE BECAUSE OF PRESENCE OF PENETRATION REPORT STRENGTH IN OFFENSIVE BECAUSE THERE ARE MANEUVER FORCES TO FOLLOW AND SUPPORT MAIN EFFORT ASSESS SURPRISE WHEN ENEMY RECON IS PRESENT ASSESS SURPRISE WRT COUNTERING ENEMY RECONNAISSANCE REPORT STRENGTH IN SURPRISE BECAUSE OF COUNTERING OF ENEMY RECON dA REPORT STRENGTH IN SURPRISE BECAUSE QF USING O0VERWHELMING COMBAT POWER REPORT STRENGTH IN SURPRISE BECAUSE THERE ARE DECEPTION ACTIONS ASSIGNED A pi RE PORT WEAKNE 35 IN OFFENSIVE BECAUSE NO OFFENSIVE ACTIONS REPORT WEAKNE 55 IN OFFENSIVE BECAUSE THERE ARE NO END STATEMENTS REPORT WEAKNESS IN SURPRISE BECAUSE ENEMY RECON IS NOT COUNTERED REPORT WEAKNESS IN SURPRISE BECAUSE NO SURPRISE TIMING REPORT WEAKNESS IN SURPRISE BECAUSE
79. to explain why the solution is wrong because there is a destroy action that acts on the enemy recon unit Therefore Disciple will correct the overly general rule that is learned now 82 This discussion illustrates another very important feature of Disciple Namely that it is not necessary to identify all the explanations of a task reduction If this is the case and one would expect this case to happen many times because experts often omit relevant explanations that seem obvious to them then Disciple will learn an overly general rule that will be refined when it will generate wrong solutions Now let us proceed with the demonstration Click on Close This ends the rule learning process The Cooperative Problem Solver window will be displayed Disciple Cooperative Problem Solver x Reasoning Current Answer iiproventents Eom EE ASSESS COA WRT PRINCIPLE OF SECURITY C description Solve All 9 E31 ASSESS SECURITY WRT COUNTERING ENEMY RECONNAISSANCE C description 9 E ASSESS SECURITY WHEN ENEMY RECON IS PRESENT description Options C3 REPO RT WEAKNESS IN SECURITY BECAUSE ENEMY RECON IS NOT COUNTERED _ I FOR COA FOR UNIT FOR RECON ACTION WITH IMPORTANCE C coa421 RED CSOPl SCREEN High Elementary task no variants available In the bottom pane of the Cooperative Problem Solver window click on the line containing the
80. y operations 84 Disciple Cooperative Problem Solver OF x Answers Reasoning Current Answer Improvements Source EE ere is a weakness with respect to security in coad2l because there are no Bavel actions taken to destroy red csopl which is an enemy unit assigned to collect Solve All intelligence and protect against surprise Coa421 fails to call for aggressive qu LLL security counter reconnaissance actions destroying enemy intelligence collection its and activities This and similar actions would enhance security by reventing the enemy from ascertaining the nature and intent of friendly Options e operations thereby decreasing the likelihood that the enemy will be prepared to pore counter friendly operations FOR COA FOR UNIT FOR RECON ACTION WITH IMPORTANCE 7 coa421 RED CSOPl SCREENl High Select solution New exaraple Conect solution Incorrect solution Natural language description saved Click on Save to associate this description with the solution Because this solution is a weakness we can instruct Disciple to suggest an improvement of the COA Click on the Improvements tab and introduce the following text in the opened pane In coa421 plan for and conduct aggressive security counter reconnaissance actions destroying enemy intelligence collection units and activities 85 Disciple Cooperative Problem
81. you back to the Select a task name window where the defined task is already selected 77 zi Disciple Filtered Selection REPO RT WEAKNESS IN SECURITY BECAUSE ENEMY RECON IS NOT COUNTERED Click on Select This brings you back to the Example Editor where the new task appears partially instantiated in the bottom pane 78 7 Disciple Example Editor ASSESS SECURITY WHEN ENEMY RECON IS PRESENT COA421 RED CSOP1 SCREEN 1 REPORT WEAKNESS IN SECURITY BEC AUSE ENEMY RECON IS NOT COUN COA421 RED CSOP1 FOR RECON ACT SCREEN1 WITH IMPORTSA You still need to indicate a value for the last feature Select it and then click on Set value Select the value High or any other value from the Select a string value from list window Then click on Select 79 Disciple Example Eatas IE TO IS ASSESS SECURITY WHEN ENEMY RECON IS PRESENT FOR COA COA421 FOR UNIT RED CSOP1 FOR RECON ACTION SCREEN1 REPORT WEAKNESS IN SECURITY BEC AUSE ENEMY RECON IS NOT COUN FOR COA COA421 FOR UNIT RED CSOP1 FOR RECON ACT SCREENI Now the example is completely defined Click on Close 10 1 2 Interacting with the Rule Learner The Rule Learner is displayed 80 E31F s the enemy reconnsissemce unit EJassgss SECURITY VEEN EMEICS REC OK 13 PRESENT Besrrovea rUR COA COAdzL FDR UWIT RED CAOPl FUR RECON ACTION 3CREED nes CI REPORT wr ALME 3 10 S

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