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USER MANUAL and TUTORIALS for the CELL

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1. 2 2 42242 000000000004 23 Inifialization diea e 24 CELLINPUT AND 24 lock COM Ol aside eges gud cR 24 Command Pile Si edt Deeds eai ke aa peat a 25 Configuration 7 25 Miscellaneous Commandis esses 29 PP NTIS 32 esse a 33 CO UtDUEb dieit o a n te ennan M aks ae es pan ena 33 Systemic TOC KE Sonia a as kk pol kk kk a an n a an l kis paka a 35 Truth Table Manipulations rtt rit 36 Bootstrapping kite inthe ri oo e kk a ko ka ke 37 ANPE Xamples eki saba pi oak kk data n epa e on dc ped pei am 39 FK OR TAN mE E 41 TUTORIAL 1 Basic connection and powerup 42 TUTORIAL 2 Basic Command Line Operations 43 TUTORIAL 3 Loading a binary 44 TUTORIAL 4 Using Vector 46 TUTORIAL 5 Basic Truth Table Manipulation 48 TUTORIAL 6 Advanced Truth Table Manipulation 5 TUTORIAL 7 Manipulating Internal Cells 52 TUTORIAL 8 An Example of Cell Replication 54 TUTORIAL 9 Cell 55 TUTORIAL 10 Self
2. If you are working under any other 32 bit environment you will probably want to access the API using the Windows DLL calling protocol To use the DLL you should copy the files api dll and api h from the CD SOFTWARE DLL32 directory to your chosen work directory You then compile and link your programs in the usual way depending on what programming language environment etc you are using Your calls to API routines are embedded inside your code using Windows routines to access the DLL For example in a C program you would have the following commands to access the init 10 and reset routines in the API kif INSTALLATION include windows h include api h Declare variables for handling the DLL static HANDLE dllhandle Pointer to DLL static FARPROC init io reset Pointers to API routines Load the DLL dllhandle LoadLibrary api dll Load the DLL if dllhandle NULL return 1 ERROR Failed to load Get address pointers to DLL routines init io GetProcAddress dllhandle init io reset GetProcAddress dllhandle reset Call the init io routine init io 1 Initialize IO on LPT1 Call the reset routine reset The calling protocol may be different for other languages or environments For example if you are working in Visual Basic you would use a series of DECLARE statements to define the entry points into the D
3. PC Interface Board using more than one program or if you power cycle the PC Interface Board or Cell Matrix Mod 98 without subsequently calling reset future I O operations may fail This is due to internal caching of the system s state You can disable this caching by calling enable 0 However disabling the cache may significantly slow down I O performance If you wish to simply flush the cache call enable cache 0 followed by enable cache 1 This can be used whenever you power cycle the system or another piece of software accesses the PC Interface Board System Clocking These routines are used to manipulate the Cell Matrix s system clock Note that when a cell 1s in D mode the clock has no effect on that cell per se the system clock only affects cells that are in C mode int clock tick void This routine takes no arguments and always returns a 0 It causes the generation of a single clock cycle 1 gt phi 1 0 gt phi 1 1 gt phi 2 0 gt phi 2 This will cause all C mode cells to sample their inputs load sampled inputs into their internal truth tables move the the next bit in their truth tables and send the newly selected truth table bit to their D outputs int setpause int delay This routine can be used to slow down execution of PC Interface Board commands The larger the value of delay the longer the commands will take If delay 0 no delay is imposed Typical values are around 10000 100000 for a 1
4. It is a series of 21 Toggle Flip Flops wired together to act as a long ripple counter The top row of the matrix is an inverter whose output is feeding its input This forms an oscillator whose output value toggles rapidly between 0 and 1 The signal is forced to pass through a number of cells to slow down the oscillation rate Oscillation will only begin if cell 0 1 s DN input is asserted This is ANDed with inverter s output before passing back to the input Finally the output of the inverter oscillator is fed into the first flip flop s Toggle input thus driving the entire chain s counting operation 56 TUTORIALS To see this circuit work enter the commands r b count6 bin to load the circuit and then activate the oscillator with the command sOldnl The LEDs should now be changing rapidly but the lower left ones change slowly enough to see their two states 1 and 0 You may detect slowly changing patterns in the other LEDs These are interference patterns between the actual changing of the cell s states and the refresh of the LED display similar to looking at the spokes of a spinning bicycle wheel with a TV behind it You can stop the counter with the command 501410 and then restart it by again setting the input to 1 If you follow the instructions above under Standalone Operation Following Bootstrap you can undock the PC Interface Board from the PC while the counter is counting and the counter will conti
5. 29 COMMAND LINE INTERFACE normal circumstances you should not need to use this command unless you are using two programs to interact with the PC Interface Board or power 15 interrupted to the boards while a program 15 running show brief Help screen Same as entering an unknown command vd name row col side inc len define a vector of bits A vector can later be set with the command to cause a number of bits to be set simultaneously This is useful for example for inputting or examining integers The arguments are as follows name is the user defined name for the vector row col specifies the cell corresponding to the Least Significant Bit LSB of the vector row and col are each integers between 0 and 7 inclusive side specifies the side of cell row col from which bits will be read written usually one of DN DS DW or DE inc specifies how many cells to move from bit to bit A value of 1 means consecutive cells correspond to consecutive bits in the vector a value of 2 means alternate cells correspond to consecutive bits in the vector and so on specifies the number of bits in the vector For example suppose you wish to treat the following four D inputs as a four bit integer 7 7 DS Bit 0 LSB 7 6 DS Bit 1 7 5 DS Bit 2 7 4 DS Bit 3 MSB The following vector command would define a vector called X accordingly vd X 77D
6. THE PRODUCT UTILIZE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IP BELONGING TO CELL MATRIX CORPORATION AND ITS DIRECTORS AND IS PROTECTED UNDER US PATENT Law INCLUDING US Patents 6 222 381 AND 6 577 159 IN usING THE YOU ARE GRANTED A NON EXCLUSIVE NON TRANSFERABLE LICENSE TO USE THE EMBODIED IP ONLY IN THE FORM PROVIDED WITH THE PRODUCT YOU MAY NOT REDISTRIBUTE PREPARE DERIVATIVE WORKS OR USE THE EMBODIED IP EXCEPT IN THE FORM PROVIDED WITH AND IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE USE OF THE PRODUCT NOTHING CONTAINED HEREIN SHALL BE CONSTRUED AS GRANTING LICENSE TO ANY OTHER IP OR AS GRANTING ANY OTHER RIGHTS TO THE IP CONTAINED IN THE PRODUCT Norte REGARDING Exports YOU AGREE NOT TO ALLOW THE CELL Matrix Mop 88 HARDWARE TO BE SENT TO OR USED IN ANY COUNTRY OTHER THAN THE UNITED STATES EXCEPT IN COMPLIANCE WITH THIS LICENSE AND APPLICABLE U S LAWS AND REGULATIONS IF YOU DO NOT AGREE WITH THESE TERMS YOU MUST NOT INSTALL OR USE THE PRODUCT OR MUST UNINSTALL AND CEASE USING THE PRODUCT IMMEDIATELY TRADEMARK NOTICE CELL MATRIX IS A TRADEMARK OF CELL MATRIX CORPORATION ALL OTHER TRADEMARKS USED WITHIN THIS DOCUMENT ARE THE PROPERTY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE OWNER CopyriGut C 2004 CELL Matrix CORPORATION ALL RIGHTS ARE RESERVED 73 5 5 5
7. Cout 7 7 Cin 34 0 0 Cout 7 0 Cin 7 0 Cin 7 7 Cout RESERVED RESERVED 5 Volts RESERVED 35 From Board 36 RESET RESET RESET RESET 37 PHI 1 PHI 1 PHI 1 PHI 1 38 PHI 2 PHI 2 PHI 2 PHI 2 NBR RESERVED RESERVED NBR 39 GND GND RESERVED BAR RESERVED 40 GND GND 4 RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED 42 PC BAR 43 Power Power Power Power 44 Power Power Power Power Power Power MISSING MISSING 45 Polarizing Polarizing MISSING MISSING Power Power 46 Polarizing Polarizing 62 USING MULTIPLE BOARDS 8 USING MULTIPLE BOARDS You can use two or more Cell Matrix Mod 985 together by connecting them to each other with their edge connectors We have worked with as many as 8 boards at once without difficulty Boards can be assembled in any configuration desired as long as connections are made only between North South and East West the polarizing of pins 45 and 46 should prevent for example connecting West to South or East to North The main difficulty in driving multiple boards 15 generating clean clock and reset signals If you wish to experiment with this beyond a few boards please contact Cell Matrix Corporation for further technical details If you interface a collection of boards to a PC you will want a single PC Interface Board connected to the Western edge of one Matrix Mod 88 It does not matter to which board you make this c
8. NOTE It may be difficult to see the LEDs in bright indoor light or direct sunlight If it is difficult to see try lowering the ambient light level or shielding the array from direct light NORTH DC D a 6 m 2 Z us C DC DOC SOUTH FIGURE 3 A SINGLE CELL MATRIX CELL Each of the LEDs corresponds to one cell within the matrix An LED can be in one of three states LED is red the cell is in C mode 1 its truth table is being modified LED is green cell is in D mode and at least one of its D outputs is non zero LED is dark cell is in D mode and all of its D outputs are zero INTRODUCTION There are also more subtle output states ahalf intensity green LED means a cell s D output is unstable e g inverter feeding itself and 15 alternately outputting 15 and 05 ahalf intensity red LED means neighboring cell s C output is unstable and is alternately outputting 1s and 05 and an orange LED means the cell s mode is unstable and it is alternating between D mode with asserted D outputs and C mode NORTH My thy thy thi thi taw tty 0 012 0 1 Z 0 2 2 0 3 210 412 0 5 210 61 7 0 7 fiv Mi Mi thy Mw ty Mw 1 0 1 5 2 1 6 RI 1 7 TR 2 0 2 2 1 2 2212 2 3 Z 2 4 2 6 27 2 7 3 0 3 2 2 3 3 2 8 4 3 6 27 8 7 ffxv Mw mw tw try tw
9. ON DURATION OF AN IMPLIED WARRANTY SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU CUSTOMER REMEDIES Company s AND ITS SUPPLIERS ENTIRE LIABILITY AND YOUR EXCLUSIVE REMEDY SHALL AT THE COMPANY S OPTION EITHER A RETURN OF THE PRICE PAID FOR THE PRODUCT OR B REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT OF THE PRODUCT THAT DOES NOT MEET THIS LIMITED WARRANTY AND WHICH IS RETURNED TO THE COMPANY WITH A PROOF OF PURCHASE ANY REPLACEMENT PRODUCT WILL BE WARRANTED FOR THE REMAINDER OF THE ORIGINAL WARRANTY PERIOD OR THIRTY 30 DAYS WHICHEVER IS LONGER YOU MUST CONTACT THE COMPANY OR ITS SUPPLIER WHERE YOU PURCHASED THE PRODUCT BEFORE RETURNING THE PRODUCT FOR A REFUND OR REPLACEMENT THIS LIMITED WARRANTY IS VOID IF FAILURE OF THE PRODUCT HAS RESULTED FROM ACCIDENT ABUSE OR MISAPPLICATION UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES WILL THE COMPANY OR THE SUPPLIER BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY OF BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE FOLLOWING MISAPPLICATION OF POWER VOLTAGE LEVELS DAMAGE DUE TO INCORRECT CONNECTION OF ANY PART OF THE PRODUCT TO ANY OTHER PART OF THE PRODUCT OR TO ANY EXTERNAL EQUIPMENT OR BROKEN CONNECTOR PINS OR OTHER PHYSICAL DAMAGE DUE TO MISHANDLING OF THE PRODUCT 71 APPENDICES NO OTHER WARRANTIES TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW THE COMPANY AND ITS SUPPLIERS DISCLAIM ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICUL
10. 7 Din 0 0 Din 0 7 Dout 5 0 7 Cin 7 7 Cout 0 0 Cout 0 7 Cin 6 0 7 Cout 7 7 Cin 0 0 Cin 0 7 Cout 7 0 6 Din 7 6 Dout 1 0 Dout 1 7 Din 8 0 6 Dout 7 6 Din 1 0 Din 1 7 Dout 9 0 6 Cin 7 6 Cout 1 0 Cout 1 7 Cin 10 0 6 Cout 7 6 Cin 1 0 Cin 1 7 Cout 11 0 5 Din 7 5 Dout 2 0 Dout 2 7 Din 12 0 5 Dout 7 5 Din 2 0 Din 2 7 Dout 13 0 5 Cin 7 5 Cout 2 0 Cout 2 7 Cin 14 0 5 Cout 7 5 Cin 2 0 Cin 2 7 Cout 15 0 4 Din 7 4 Dout 3 0 Dout 3 7 Din 16 0 4 Dout 7 4 Din 3 0 Din 3 7 Dout 17 0 4 Cin 7 4 Cout 3 0 Cout 3 7 Cin 18 0 4 Cout 7 4 Cin 3 0 Cin 3 7 Cout 19 0 3 Din 7 3 Dout 4 0 Dout 4 7 Din 20 0 3 Dout 7 3 Din 4 0 Din 4 7 Dout 21 0 3 Cin 7 3 Cout 4 0 Cout 4 7 Cin 22 0 3 Cout 7 3 Cin 4 0 Cin 4 7 Cout 23 0 2 Din 7 2 Dout 5 0 Dout 5 7 Din 24 0 2 Dout 7 2 Din 5 0 Din 5 7 Dout 25 0 2 Cin 7 2 Cout 5 0 Cout 5 7 Cin 26 0 2 Cout 7 2 Cin 5 0 Cin 5 7 Cout 61 STAND ALONE OPERATION PIN NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 27 0 1 Din 7 1 Dout 6 0 Dout 6 7 Din 28 0 1 Dout 7 1 Din 6 0 Din 6 7 Dout 29 0 1 Cin 7 1 Cout 6 0 Cout 6 7 Cin 30 0 1 Cout 7 1 Cin 6 0 Cin 6 7 Cout 31 0 0 Din 7 0 Dout 7 0 Dout 7 7 Din 32 0 0 Dout 7 0 Din 7 0 Din 7 7 Dout 33 0 0 Cin 7 0 Cout 7 0
11. Clocking Counter 56 7 STAND ALONE eese 58 General cnc aa anna neice uaa 58 5 is cioe vedete kt pt ks ei saa 59 CIOC 59 hime P 60 Neighbor STEHAL Fei ctt dn eda ou 60 Cell Input OUtDUE oie never dto ba ar kb ob ki a dak ka a 60 PINQUT sa w sa e td dan Ian 61 ii SUSING MULTIPLE BOARDS 63 9 FURTHER INFORMATION AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT 64 ICAPPENDICES Tm 65 APPENDIX CD CONTENTS 65 APPENDIX 2 Cell Matrix Layout 67 APPENDIX 3 WINDOWS 69 APPENDIX 4 PURCHASE TERMS AND CONDITIONS 71 iii INTRODUCTION 1 INTRODUCTION The Cell Matrix is a novel type of reconfigurable hardware device Like other reconfigurable devices the Cell Matrix consists of a number of elements called cells that can be configured to perform various logic operations These cells then read inputs and produce outputs according to their configuration The Cell Matrix is distinguished from other reconfigurable devices in a number of ways it is extremely scalable it is very fine grained meaning that its atomic unit is very small and in additional to being reconfigurable Cell Matrix is se f configurable Tutorials 7 10 ERRETAN
12. Command Line Interface CLI to configure the Cell Matrix send values to inputs examine outputs change clock states and so on This is a useful way to gain familiarity with both the Cell Matrix Mod 98 the Cell Matrix architecture itself If you wish to perform more complex operations with Matrix Mod 88 you can use the Application Programming Interface API along with a compiler linker gcc to create C programs that configure the matrix set inputs read outputs change clock states and so on In either case you should choose a work directory on your system and copy the files from the CD EXAMPLES directory Command Line Interface The CLI can be copied from the CD SOFTWARE LINUX main to whatever directory you wish to work in Note that this program must either be run as user root or be setup to SETUID to root This is necessary in order to execute the ioperm command which will grant R W access to port 0x378 0x379 0x278 and 0x279 which are then accessed using outb and inb Chapter 4 covers details of using the CLI See Chapter 6 TUTORIALS for examples of using the CLI Application Programming Interface By using the Application Programming Interface API you can perform various operations on the Matrix Mod 88 via subroutine calls from a C program You should copy the files api h and api o from the CD SOFTWARE LINUX directory to your chosen work directory When writing C program to interact
13. Currently the API has been tested under a number of development environments Cygwin gcc Borland Turbo C 5 5 1 and Visual Basic inside OpenOffice Calc In any case you should choose a work directory on your system and 15 INSTALLATION copy the files from the CD EXAMPLES directory Port95NT Installation Because many versions of Windows operating systems prevent direct access to the parallel port by user software you must install a separate Parallel Port Driver called PORTOSNT You can install this by executing the program on the CD EXTRAS PORT9SNT port95nt exe and following the installation instructions given by that program This is a one time installation and must be performed before any CLI or API operations will succeed Note that PORT9SNT is owned by Scientific Software Tools Inc Windows XP Note If you are running Windows XP you may need to perform an additional setup step depending on your system s specific configuration If you notice erratic behavior by the Matrix Mod 88 such as wrong outcomes when running the tutorials it may be that your operating system is interfering with parallel port operations mistakenly seeing port activity as indicating the presence of a printer In this case please see APPENDIX 3 for instructions on how to disable this behavior Command Line Interface The CLI can be copied from the CD SOFTWARE WIN32 main exe to whatever directory you wish to work in Chapter 4 covers details
14. Enter the command s74ds 1 to send a 1 into cell 7 4 s DS input Though the LED array does not change the x command will show that cell 0 4 s DN output is now asserted Enter the command s20cwl 45 TUTORIALS You will notice two things first row of LEDs has gone dark According to the architectural specification of the Cell Matrix when a cell is in C mode its D outputs are set to 0 except on any side where Cin 1 Since cell 2 0 s DEoutput is thus 0 the row of cells are now all outputting 0 except cell 2 4 and thus the row is dark And secondly cell 2 0 s LED is red indicating that the cell is in C mode TUTORIAL 4 Using Vector Commands Enter the command to reset the matrix Now enter the command b adder bin to bootstrap the matrix with the 8 bit adder circuit stored in the file adder bin You can look at the corresponding Layout File adder grd using Matrix Layout Editor adder bin 1s an 8 bit adder circuit which reads two 8 bit numbers and produces their sum The first number is supplied to the North on inputs 0 0 DN Most Significant Bit 0 1 DN 0 2 DN 0 7 DN Least Significant Bit The second number is supplied to the South in inputs 7 0 DS Most Significant Bit 7 105 7 2 DS 7 7 DS Least Significant Bit The sum is sent to the Southern outputs in the same order as the Southern input You can perform simple additions by using 5
15. GHz CPU This routine is mainly useful for observing the behavior of the board as various commands are executed particularly Truth Table Manipulation and Bootstrapping commands Note that if delay is set to too large a value commands may take an extremely long time to execute There is no clean way to interrupt such a command Y ou may interrupt your program in the usual way C etc but the Matrix Mod 88 will likely be left in an indeterminate state 35 requiring a subsequent reset command Truth Table Manipulation These routines allow one to send sequences of bits to a single input while ticking the system clock in between the setting of each bit value This provides a convenient means for configuring edge cells int comp char eqn This routine compiles one or more Boolean equations into an internal truth table format Each equation is specified in Reverse Polish Notation as described above in the description of the Command Line Interface s command Chapter 4 Command Files section Multiple equations are separated by semicolons or commas After successful execution the truth table corresponding to the given equations will be stored in an internal location until a subsequent call to comp The return value is 0 for success for a syntax error in the equation s int tt_send int row int col char side This command sends the internally stored truth tab
16. LED to light up The PC Interface Board Eastern Connector attaches to the WESTERN edge of the Cell Matrix Mod 88 as shown in Figure 8 The Western edge can be identified by the words CELL MATRIX hardware along the edge 11111111111 71 MATRIX tunes e NENNT Jinan F FIGURE 8 CELL MATRIX MOD 88 AND PC INTERFACE BOARD CONNECTED TOGETHER WARNING Incorrectly hooking PC Interface Board to the Matrix Mod 88 will result in permanent damage to the Matrix Mod 88 Make sure the boards are connected properly before supplying power 20 PC INTERFACE BOARD OVERVIEW to PC Interface Board or attaching the parallel port to a PC If multiple Matrix Mod 88s are hooked together the PC Interface Board can be attached to the Western edge of any board You should never have more than one PC Interface Board attached to a collection of Cell Matrix Mod 88s Standalone Operation Following Bootstrap You may wish to use the PC Interface Board to bootstrap the Cell Matrix Mod 88 but then detach the PC Interface Board from an external PC To do so follow this procedure 1 with the parallel port connected to the PC and the PC Interface Board follow whatever bootstrap procedure you desire to configure the Matrix Mod 88 as you like 2 remove Jumper J1 from the PC Interface Board 3 remove Jumper J2 from the PC Interface Board and 4 remove
17. The smallest file that can be bootstrapped with this command is 3x3 The behavior of the b command depends critically on the configuration you are attempting to bootstrap In particular note that some configurations cannot be bootstrapped with this command it does no analysis on the configuration being bootstrapped and thus is susceptible to interference from the circuit being bootstrapped in the case where that circuit is asserting C outputs Note also that some circuits cannot be bootstrapped by any method For example if a cell is outputting 1 on its Western C output then that cell cannot be configured from the East since any cell on the East will be placed in C mode and C mode cells can never assert their C outputs Of course the cell might still be configurable from the North South or East If however a cell asserts its C outputs to all four sides then it is impossible to reconfigure that cell from within the matrix Only a system wide reset will clear the truth table of a cell in such a state Miscellaneous Commands Repeat the last interactive command This is a one command history recall Commands inside command files do not affect the history 1 if you execute the command filename then will re execute the command filename comment Entire line is ignored Force full command transmission disable command cache This will slow down the interaction with the PC Interface Board Under
18. assume you are using LPT1 as the parallel port for communicating with the PC Interface Board If you are using LPT2 you need to issue the command 12 once you begin running Command Line Interface NOTE that the Command Line Interface 1s case sensitive You do not need to follow these tutorials exactly or even approximately They are intended only as examples of how to use various interface commands You should feel free to experiment with these commands however you like Remember you cannot physically damage the Cell Matrix Mod 88 by incorrectly programming it While you can configure the board in ways that cannot be changed via C and D line manipulations you can always issue the Reset r command to restore the Cell Matrix to its power up state You should therefore feel free to experiment try different things or try random things If you wonder what a certain set of commands might do give them a try The following summary lists the basic commands available in the Command Line Interface See Chapter 4 COMMAND LINE INTERFACE for more details QUICK COMMAND SUMMARY r Reset cell matrix s row col c d n sjw e O 1 Set input x row col e d n s wle Read output x read all t or t Tick clock of cycles c Compile truth table d Dump latest truth table 41 TUTORIALS p n set inter command pause to n P Pause optional abort of command file vd name row col side inc len Define vector v name val s
19. command For example to add 5 binary 00000101 and 6 binary 00000110 enter the following commands s07dnl 505 4 1 576051 575 51 Now enter command and look at southern outputs They should have the values 00001011 which corresponds to the number 11 the sum of 5 and 6 46 TUTORIALS NOTE Interpreting the LED array s state can be confusing Remember an LED turns green if any of a cell s D outputs are asserted logic level 1 In this circuit setting an input bit on the South will cause then entire column of LEDs to be lit because the cells are transmitting that 1 from the South to the top row Similarly if any output bit is 1 the corresponding column will again be illuminated because the cells are transmitting each bit of the sum from the top tow to the South Therefore in this circuit each column of LEDs shows the logical OR of the sum with the number entered in the South Since the sum is now 00001001 and the number from the South is 00000110 all four of the rightmost columns of LEDs are illuminated Once you have followed through the example and are familiar with its operation setting and reading integers in this way quickly becomes tedious The Command Line Interface makes it possible to define a vector which 15 a series of inputs whose values are set based on the binary value of an integer For example the command vda07dn 1 8 means Define a vector named a with the Least Significant Bit a
20. command files The command con allows one to enter commands during execution of a command file This is useful for example after loading a particular configuration via command file instructions Qcon would then allow the user to set inputs examine outputs and generally interact with the current configuration Z would terminate the con input allowing the command file to continue executing Acon is Windows specific For CYGWIN the equivalent command would be Q dev tty An initial command file can be executed when the Command Line Interpreter is invoked by specifying the command file as an argument 1 main exe comfile Configuration Commands Figure 10 shows a sample Cell Matrix truth table On a Cell Matrix there 25 COMMAND LINE INTERFACE is no way to directly load a cell s truth table Since all that 1s accessible from outside the matrix 15 the and D inputs of edge cells these must be used to manipulate a cell s truth table BIT 0 FIRST BIT CONFIGURED DATA SNEW CN CS CW CE DN DS DW DE 0 905900006 0 0 0 0 0 000000 0 000000 BIT 8 0 000000 e BIT 0 CONFIGURED 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 0 000000 BIT 127 LAST BIT CONFIGURED FIGURE 10 ONE CELL S TRUTH TABLE Shown in initial all zero configuration Note that all inputs are D inputs from North South West or East Ou
21. extreme force Be careful not to damage or disturb other components on the boards 22 COMMAND LINE INTERFACE 4 COMMAND LINE INTERFACE An executable program main or main exe is supplied for interacting directly with the Cell Matrix Mod 88 PC Interface Board via a simple command line interface See Chapter 2 for instructions on installing the Command Line Interface for your specific system Before using the program the PC Interface Board should be attached to the Cell Matrix Mod 88 the parallel port of the PC Interface Board should be attached to the PC s parallel port and power should be supplied to the PC Interface Board The switch should be flipped on towards the middle of the board and the green LED should be lit To load the program copy main or main exe from the included CD to your hard drive To start the program simply double click on the file If you execute the main program from command DOS Cygwin etc you can specify an optional argument which is the name of a command file Lines from this file are executed as commands after which commands are taken from the keyboard NOTE make sure you have reviewed all the instructions in Chapter 2 Installation before attempting to run this program including the chapters labeled Port95NT Installation and Windows XP Note The program begins with a prompt gt This indicates that it is waiting for you to enter a command You will most likely want
22. mode copy Truth Table bits from 2 0 back into 2 0 and also copy Truth Table bits from 2 0 into 4 0 This will replicate cell 2 0 in 4 0 To perform this function execute the following commands 530 dw 1 1128 530 0 The first command tells 3 0 to begin acting as cell replicator t 128 ticks the system clock 128 bits once for each bit of truth table that is to be copied The third command tells 3 0 to stop replicating The 5 row of LEDs should now be illuminated If you say 540 1 row will go dark and if you say s40 dw 0 it will illuminate again This is because cell 4 0 is now an exact copy of cell 2 0 TUTORIAL 9 Cell swapping You can repeat the above Tutorial 8 from the beginning starting with the DI TUTORIALS reset comand but when you compile cell 3 0 use the commands cn w CS W dn s ds n s30cwl 130dw s30cw0 s30dw0 This 15 almost the same Cell Replicator as above but it copies outgoing Truth Table bits from the North to the South and from the South to the North Now when you run this s30dwl t 128 s30dw0 you will find that cells 2 0 and 4 0 have swapped their truth tables with each other You can repeat these last three commands to execute the swap again and return cells 2 0 and 4 0 to their original configurations TUTORIAL 10 A Self Clocking Counter Look at the circuit count6 grd in the Cell Matrix Layout Editor
23. plan to use the Matrix Mod 86 with a PC this is the most convenient way to interact with Cell Matrix Mod 88 Hardware Requirements PC Windows or DOS or Linux machine Parallel port cable 25 pin straight through male end connectors One available parallel port LPT1 or LPT2 9V battery or external power source 6 12V DC CD reader or network connection for loading software Software Requirements Linux DOS or Windows operating system see INSTALLATION chapter for specific requirements Depending on your setup you may need Admin or Root access on your system JAVA 2 runtime environment if you wish to use the Matrix Layout Editor to design cells and Cell Matrix configurations graphically works only under Windows or Linux operating systems Appropriate compiler linker environment if you wish to write programs to interact with the board see INSTALLATION chapter for specific requirements Cell Matrix Mod 88 Overview The Cell Matrix Mod 88 implements an 8x8 Cell Matrix in hardware The matrix is composed of two dimensional four sided cells connected in a nearest neighbor topology as shown in Figures 3 and 4 On top of the board is an 8x8 LED array comprised of 64 bi color red and green LEDs This array is used to display activity within the matrix The display is constantly operating and thus continually shows the state of the cells within the matrix INTRODUCTION
24. the Northern outputs may be displayed As with 5 command row col refers to cells in the matrix of the board directly connected to the PC Interface Board X Display all D outputs of all edge cells Clock Control t Tick the system clock Raise Phi 1 drop Phi 1 raise Phi 2 drop Phi 2 tnum Tick the system clock num times p num Set a delay between all commands sent to the PC Interface Board This is useful for effectively slowing down the rate at which the LEDs change For this command the scale is machine dependent but 0 is no delay 10000 is typically large 24 COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Command Files It is possible to store a number of commands in a file and then execute those commands by referring to the file Three commands are useful for interacting with such command files filename execute the commands contained inside the file called filename pause waiting for user input Typically this command is used inside a command file It allows one to study the state of the output LEDs for example before the command file continues Hitting ENTER will allow the command file execution to continue 9 If pause command P is used inside a command file hitting q followed by ENTER will terminate execution of the command file Note that command files may be nested up to 128 deep In other words one command file may include commands to execute other
25. the more advanced features of the Cell Matrix architecture Document Organization Chapter 1 this introduction gives a basic overview of the Matrix Mod 88 It also discusses the hardware and software requirements of the system Chapter 2 describes Cell Matrix Mod 88 itself independent of how you will be interacting with it This chapter also includes installation instructions Chapters 3 6 discuss the Matrix Mod 88 s use with an external computer compatible Chapter 3 covers the PC Interface Board which connects the Cell Matrix Mod 88 to a standard PC via the parallel port Chapter 4 describes the Command Line Interface a program that allows one to control the Matrix Mod 88 via interactive commands This is a good chapter to read even if you re planning to use only the programming interface API or to not use the Interface Board at all as it covers some basic operations of the Cell Matrix Mod 88 Chapter 5 discusses an API for communicating with the Cell Matrix Mod 88 via the Interface Board Chapter 6 suggests some example tutorial exercises using the PC Interface Board and the Command Line Interface Chapter 7 provides details on using the Matrix Mod 88 without the PC Interface Board Chapter 8 discusses how multiple Cell Matrix Mod 885 can be used together Chapter 9 discusses how to find more information INTRODUCTION The following are the hardware and software requirements if you
26. the parallel port connector from PC Interface Board Note that there are two unused pairs of pins in between the pins labeled J1 and J2 These unused pins can be used to park the jumpers once you have removed them To re attach the PC Interface Board to a PC simply reverse the above steps Separating Boards It is important that you use care when separating two boards from each other to avoid bending the pins A wide bladed screwdriver can be used as shown in Figure 9 Place the blade between the boards and twist a small amount to slightly separate the connectors on that edge Then do this on the other side of the connector Repeat alternating side to side until the connectors can be easily separated by pulling the boards apart 21 PC INTERFACE BOARD OVERVIEW Be careful not to disturb other components on the boards while doing this Note also that for the boards to work properly they do not necessarily need to be connected as tightly as possible If you leave them partially separated but still making a good electrical connection they will be easier to take apart later L dik dad EE 141411112 LARA NE pem es Sag Jor s FIGURE 9 SEPARATING THE BOARDS Use a wide bladed screwdriver or similar object and a twisting action in the locations shown By alternately working in the two spots shown the boards can be separated without using
27. to begin by issuing the command to reset the Matrix Mod 88 to its power up state all cell truth tables filled with zeros so cells simply perform NoOps and output only Os The following describes the available commands for the interface program NOTE that all commands are case sensitive 25 COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Initialization Exiting Reset Cell Matrix inputs are set to 0 truth tables are cleared loaded with all zeros This returns the matrix to its initial power up state Q Exit program immediately I 1 or 2 this command 15 an uppercase 1 Selects parallel port to use for communicating with the PC Interface Board I 1 selects LPTI and I 2 selects LPT2 LPT1 is the default 66 99 1 CELL INPUT AND OUTPUT s row col side value Set an input to the Cell Matrix row col identifies the cell whose input is being set row col refers to cells in the matrix of the board directly connected to the PC Interface Board See Figure 4 for the ordering of row col side is one of DN DS DW DE CN CS CW or CE for respectively Data North South West East or Control North South West or East inputs value is 0 or x row col side Display an edge cells output value row col identifies the cell being examined and side 15 as described above in 5 command Only edge outputs may be displayed 1 for cell 0 2 only
28. with the Cell Matrix Mod 88 you should have a statement include api h near the beginning of your program Your program should be linked to the api o library A typical command 13 INSTALLATION for compiling and linking yourprogram c would be gcc o yourprogram yourprogram c api o Chapter 5 covers programming details of using the API 2 2 DOS INSTALLATION There are two ways to use the Cell Matrix Mod 88 ina DOS environment You can use the included Command Line Interface CLI to configure the Cell Matrix send values to inputs examine outputs change clock states and so on This is a useful way to gain familiarity with both the Cell Matrix Mod 98 the Cell Matrix architecture itself If you wish to perform more complex operations with Matrix Mod 88 you can use the Application Programming Interface API along with an appropriate compiler linker to create C programs that configure the matrix set inputs read outputs change clock states and so on Currently only the Turbo C 2 01 C compiler freely available from Borland has been tested with the API In either case you should choose a work directory on your system and copy the files from the CD EXAMPLES directory Command Line Interface The CLI can be copied from the CD SOFTWARE DOS main exe to whatever directory you wish to work in Chapter 4 covers details of using the CLI See Chapter 6 TUTORIALS for examples of using the CLI Applic
29. xe d SOU Db 20 ED 38 0111 o 0 0 0 0 0 1000 D e 09 0 0 8 1001 0 0 1010 o 0 0 0 0 0 1011 wy d Ue UO TO do 0 1100 0 0 0 0 TEOL 0 0 0 507 Bo 0 1110 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 1111 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 N TUTORIALS If you had said t 9 instead of 18 then you would have built a cell whose DW output matches its DW input You could then verify this by using the x command TUTORIAL 6 Advanced Truth Table Manipulation While truth table manipulation as just described 15 the only way to load a cell s truth table it can be cumbersome to manually manipulate C and D inputs in this way There are two commands and 1 that simplify such truth table manipulations First enter command to reset the matrix Now enter commands C de w c tells the program that you are compiling one or more Boolean equations de w is one such equation The third line above 1s a single period which indicates the end of inputting Boolean equations See Configuration Commands in COMMAND LINE INTERFACE chapter above for more details This set of commands compiles a truth table corresponding to the Boolean equation de w meaning DE out DWin the right hand side terms are always inputs and thus are represented simply as n 5 w or e The compiled truth table is stored inside the Command Line Inte
30. 2 is again in D mode You can also set D inputs to 1 by issuing a command such as 500 dw 1 However there 15 no visible change in the LED display Cells are 43 TUTORIALS initially programmed with all Os in their truth tables so even if you set a D input to 1 all the cell s D outputs are still 0 and thus the LED remains dark Enter the command s44dw 1 and you ll see the error message No access to 4 4 dw indicating that you cannot set the specified input Only edge inputs on edge cells can be set with s command TUTORIAL 3 Loading a binary file NOTE REGARDING GRD and BIN FILES The EXAMPLES directory on the CD includes a set of BIN and GRD files GRD files are used with Matrix Layout Editor included on the CD under the LAYOUT WINDOWS or LAYOUT LINUX directory to graphically define and edit Cell Matrix configurations Once a layout has been defined the Matrix Layout Editor can create a BIN file describing the layout Those BIN files can be used by the Cell Matrix Mod 88 API and the Command Line Interface The following tutorials utilize these BIN files See Appendix 2 for details on how to install and setup the Matrix Layout Editor Enter command to reset the matrix Now issue the command b cross bin to load the binary file cross bin into the matrix if cross bin is not in your current directory you must specify the full or relative path t
31. 4 2 21 4 3 2 4 4 4 6 2 4 7 Huy Tu 5 2 21 5 3 5 6 2 5 7 Mi Ma MN mw 6 2 gt 6 3 6 6 gt 6 7 7 2 21 7 3 2 7 4 2 7 5 7 6 2 7 7 TW OUR SOUTH Mw Mw Mw Mw 5 yy MW Mw Mw Mw Mw MW MW 5 yy YY MW Mw Mw Mw Mw yy yy vv vy u WEST vv vy 15 3 Mw T S T Mw Mw m m YY a Hu H a a tu Hu D AS o Mw Mw Mw MW 15 yy 1 yy MW Mw a el 5 AA Mw 1 yv tt Mw Mw Mw FIGURE 4 AN 8x8 CELL MATRIX Cells are labeled with row col designation With experience this simple output mechanism can be extremely useful for understanding what is happening inside the matrix For example signal transmission tends to look like a line of green LEDs cell configuration at the end of a line of cells look
32. AR PURPOSE WITH REGARD TO THE PRODUCT AND ANY RELATED OR ACCOMPANYING WRITTEN MATERIALS THIS LIMITED WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS YOU MAY HAVE OTHER RIGHTS WHICH VARY FROM JURISDICTION TO JURISDICTION NO LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COMPANY ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION SPECIAL INCIDENTAL CONSEQUENTIAL OR INDIRECT DAMAGES FOR PERSONAL INJURY LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS BUSINESS INTERRUPTION LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION OR ANY OTHER PECUNIARY LOSS ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THIS PRODUCT EVEN IF THE COMPANY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES THIS INCLUDES PHYSICAL DAMAGE TO ANY DEVICE TO WHICH YOU CONNECT THE PRODUCT AS WELL AS DAMAGE TO ANY SOFTWARE ON ANY SYSTEM TO WHICH YOU CONNECT THE PRODUCT WHETHER SUCH DAMAGE IS CAUSED BY INCORRECT HANDLING OR USE OF THE PRODUCT A DEFECT IN THE PRODUCT OR ANY OTHER REASON WHATSOEVER IN ANY CASE THE COMPANY S AND ITS SUPPLIERS ENTIRE LIABILITY UNDER ANY PROVISION OF THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE AMOUNT ACTUALLY PAID BY YOU FOR THE PRODUCT BECAUSE SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU 72 APPENDICES LICENSING AGREEMENT THE Matrix 88 AND INCLUDED SOFTWARE COLLECTIVELY
33. E 5 PC INTERFACE BOARD FOUR CELL MATRIX MOD 88 BOARDS This implements a 16x16 Cell Matrix INTRODUCTION edge inputs of edge cells can be set Cand D edge outputs of edge cells can be read the system clocks Phi 1 and Phi 2 can be driven high and low and the system RESET line can be driven high and low Despite this seemingly limited set of interactions one can get the Matrix Mod 88 to do many things because the Cell Matrix is a self configurable system By controlling C and D inputs and the system clocks one can configure the truth tables of edge cells By properly controlling such cells one can gain control over internal non edge cells In this way one can manipulate the entire matrix using only a few edge inputs and outputs Jumper Settings There are three jumpers on the Cell Matrix Mod 88 all three jumpers must be in place so each pair of pins is shorted by the jumper in order for the board to work properly If any jumpers are missing unpredictable results may occur See Figure 6 for the location of these three jumpers Precautions Unlike some other reconfigurable devices it 15 impossible to damage the Cell Matrix board via improper programming Outputs cannot be wired together via configuration and thus output contention is impossible However it is still possible to damage the board Some situations to avoid include the following Supplying incorrect pow
34. LL Example 3 described at the end of Chapter 5 is a Visual Basic program that accesses the API via the DLL Chapter 5 covers programming details of using the API 18 PC INTERFACE BOARD OVERVIEW 3 PC INTERFACE BOARD OVERVIEW The PC Interface Board 15 used to attach the Cell Matrix Mod 88 to a PC compatible computer via a parallel port The PC Interface Board also provides a handy way to supply power to the Cell Matrix Mod 88 Normally with a connection to the Western edge of a Cell Matrix one could only interact with cells on that Western edge cells on the North South or East would be inaccessible However as a convenience the Cell Matrix Mod 88 contains additional non Cell Matrix circuitry that combined with the PC Interface Board and the appropriate software allow you to write inputs and read outputs on all four sides of the Cell Matrix Figure 7 illustrates the various pieces of the PC Interface Board Power can be supplied either through a 9 volt battery or an external power jack if a battery is connected and a power jack is then inserted the battery will be automatically disconnected External power can be any voltage from 6V DC to 12 V DC It does not need to be highly regulated as the Cell Matrix Mod 88 has its own voltage regulators We offer a basic 6V power transformer though most any from 6 12V will work but be sure the polarity is correct The plug is 2mm inside 6 5 mm outside center positive It is imp
35. PC s configuration Windows may send commands to the parallel port at unexpected times causing a non permanent malfunction of the Cell Matrix Mod 88 There are two ways to remedy this 1 in some cases once you begin the main program and execute an x command Windows will attempt to use the port for approximately one minute but appears to then give up and relinquish control Therefore waiting one minute may cause the problem to go away 2 you can modify the Windows registry to cause it to cease this behavior WARNING Modifying the registry can cause permanent damage to your operating system possibly resulting in loss of usability and loss of data Make sure you backup and checkpoint your system before proceeding Note that you may need to undo this change in order to get certain other parallel port devices to work The easiest way to make this change is to go to the EXTRAS XP directory on CD and double click disablepolling reg This will make changes described below You must reboot for the changes to take effect If you want to restore parallel port polling double click enablepolling reg and reboot Further details are described below The following registry setting disables the port writes HKEY LOCAL MACHINE SYSTEM CurrentControls et Services Parport Parameters DisableWarmPoll dword 00000001 The following registry setting enables the port writes HKEY LOCAL MACHINE SYSTEM CurrentControls et Ser
36. S 14 If instead you wanted alternating cells 1 7 7 DS Bit 0 LSB 7 5 DS Bit 1 7 3 DS Bit 2 7 1 DS Bit 3 MSB you would use the command vd X 77 DS 2 4 30 COMMAND LINE INTERFACE and so on Again see the Tutorials chapter for more examples v name Display the value of an output vector called name In the above example the command X would display the integer value formed from the four D outputs specified in command v name value Set the value of an input vector to the indicated integer value In the above example vd X 7 7 DS 1 4 the command v X 13 would assign D inputs as follows note that 13 1101 in binary 7 7 DS 1 7 6 DS 0 7 5 DS 1 7 4 DS 1 This is a convenient way to set a number of bits simultaneously in order to define say an integer input value 31 5 API INTERFACE If you wish to interact with the PC Interface Board Cell Matrix Mod 88 in a more programmed fashion that with CLI you can do so using one of the API interfaces supplied with the board An API is a set of callable routines that allow you to send commands to the Cell Matrix Mod 88 via your own program As with the CLI the API allows you to set inputs read output affect the system clock and so on However unlike the CLI you can write programs with the API to act conditionally based on detected output values to perform complex calculations and
37. USER MANUAL and TUTORIALS for the CELL MATRIX MOD 88 AA AAA KE A li oR f83XB CELL MATRIX s TA 3 s a X a a pipi ete ptik P 46 c 90 Battery gt 13 2 Matrix Corporation www cellmatrix com Table of Contents 1 ANT RODUCT TON 1 Document OrgamzatiOni p ep l k pk bk pk ai at bain 3 Hardware Requirements 4 Software Seguir emielts ese er 4 Cell Matrix Mod 88 00 4 Jumper amp PRESE AM TI ONI sy at a e a ls ta ka sr 8 Returning the Cell Matrix Mod88 or PC Interface Board 10 ZINSTALLA TION a el tenn 11 Hardware InstallafloTi zuerst tire at ka aa aka pa e a a 11 11 2 1 EINUX INSDTAELATION 12 2 2 DOS INSTALLATION netter er tei eite ees 14 2 3 WINDOWS 15 3 PC INTERFACE BOARD 19 Standalone Operation Following Bootstrap 21 Separating BOSrds onan ke a 21 4 LINE
38. and 46 are labeled on the Matrix Mod 88 itself You can use those markings to doublecheck the pinout on each side 58 STAND ALONE OPERATION WEST 246810 42 44 46 LEFTSIDE 13579 414345 RIGHTSIDE PINS EAST 46 44 42 40 8642 LEFTSIDE 45434139 7531 RIGHTSIDE HOLES NORTH 246810 4244 46 LEFTSIDE 13579 414345 RIGHTSIDE PINS SOUTH 46444240 8642 LEFTSIDE 45434139 7531 RIGHTSIDE HOLES Boldfaced pins holes are missing blocked for polarization Power Requirements The Cell Matrix Mod 88 15 powered via two sets of pins Pins 1 and 2 each side of the board are for GROUND and pins 43 46 are for POWER POWER can be any voltage from 6V 15V and does not need to be regulated there are voltage regulators on the board Power can be supplied to any edge of board or from different edges pins 1 amp 2 on all sides are electrically connected to each other and all pins 43 46 on all sides are electrically connected to each other There is no protection against reversing the power If power is accidently reversed the board will likely be permanently damaged Clocking There are two system wide clocks Phil and Phi2 These are delivered to the board on pins 37 Phi 1 and 38 Phi 2 on all sides of the board Again all pins 37 are electrically connected to each other and all pins 38 59 STAND ALONE OPERATION are electrically connected to each other The normal clocking s
39. ap a file larger than the Cell Matrix you are working with part of the file will be loaded and the rest will be ignored If you send this command to an irregularly shaped collection of multiple boards connected to each other you may also be able to bootstrap those boards that are present depending on the exact shape If fname is a binary file for a matrix smaller than the Cell Matrix you are working with the bootstrap will generally only affect those cells within the bounds of fname In other words if fname specifies a 4x4 configuration only cells 0 0 3 3 will be affected by this call Cells beyond row 3 or column 3 will be unaffected you can use setpause call to slow down I O with the PC Interface Board This will let you observe the bootstrapping behavior The command returns 0 for success for error generally File Not Found int raw comp char eqn int tt This command is used to compile the given equations eqn into a 16 element integer array tt 5 elements can then be used in a subsequent call to boot mem see below int boot mem int tts int rows int cols This command is similar to boot bin but instead of reading the configuration truth tables from a file they are read from memory The specific configuration is supplied in the tts parameter which is an array of integers Each cell s truth table occupies 16 locations on 5 array Successive cells truth tables are stored one after the oth
40. ation Programming Interface By using the Application Programming Interface API you can perform various operations on the Matrix Mod 88 via subroutine calls from a C program You should copy the files api h and api obj from the CD SOFTWARE DOS directory to your chosen work directory 14 INSTALLATION When writing a program to interact with Cell Matrix Mod 88 you should have a statement include api h near the beginning of your program Your program should be linked to api obj library A typical command for compiling yourprogram c would be tcc c yourprogram c Uou would link this as follows tcc eyourprogram yourprogram obj api obj See the Borland Turbo C 2 01 tcc documentation for more details Chapter 5 covers programming details of using the API 2 3 WINDOWS INSTALLATION There are two ways to use the Cell Matrix Mod 88 in a Windows environment You can use the included Command Line Interface CLI to configure the Cell Matrix send values to inputs examine outputs change clock states and so on This is a useful way to gain familiarity with both the Cell Matrix Mod 98 the Cell Matrix architecture itself If you wish to perform more complex operations with Matrix Mod 88 you can use the Application Programming Interface API along with an appropriate compiler linker to create C programs that configure the matrix set inputs read outputs change clock states and so on
41. cheme 15 Raise Phi 1 Drop Phi 1 Raise Phi 2 Drop Phi2 Reset There is a system wide RESET line available on Pin 38 all sides Once asserted 256 Phil Phi2 clock cycles should be run using the normal clocking scheme described above Following this the RESET line should be returned to ground This reset operation should leave all cell s truth tables cleared all zeros and all cell outputs should now be 0 Neighbor Signal Normally a cell s inputs are supplied by internal flip flops whose values can be controlled by an external PC interface If you wish to communicate directly with a side of the Matrix Mod 98 you must disable these flip flops by asserting a NEIGHBOR BAR pin See the Pinout Table below for the location of the NEIGHBOR BAR pin on each side This is an inverted signal so you must pull it to Ground to assert it to indicate that you wish to control a side s cells directly Cell Input Output Each side allows direct access to the edge C and D inputs and outputs of each cell along that side For example along the Northern side you can access DNin DNout CNin and CNout of cells 0 0 0 7 See the Pinout Table below for the exact location of each I O line on each side 60 STAND ALONE OPERATION PINOUT TABLE PIN NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST 1 2 Ground Ground Ground Ground 3 0 7 Din 7 7 Dout 0 0 Dout 0 7 Din 4 0 7 Dout 7
42. e You should copy whatever pieces you need from the CD to a work directory on your harddrive See the chapter INSTALLATION for an overview of which software pieces you might need The CD contains the following directories and files DOC Contains this document MOD88 PDF EXAMPLES Has GRD inputs to the Matrix Layout Editor BIN outputs from the Matrix Layout Editor files for sample programs Also contains C and TXT sample code for using the API EXTRAS 5 has driver for parallel port access protected operating systems XP has reg code for disabling enabling parallel port polling by operating system LAYOUT has documentation executables and sample grids and libraries for the Cell Matrix Layout Editor WINDOWS Contains the Windows specific version of the layout editor Also contains an installation package for the Java Run Time Environment See Appendix 2 for detail on installing the layout editor LINUX Contains the Linux version of the layout editor 65 SOFTWARE APPENDICES See Appendix 2 for detail on installing the layout editor CYGWIN DLL32 DOS LINUX VB32 WIN32 Contains main program for executing Cygwin version of Command Line Interface Includes cygwin1 dil required Also has api h and api o for linking to API via Cygwin gcc compiler Requires PORT95NT to be installed Contains api dll and api h for executing API command
43. ed API Examples The CD EXAMPLES directory on the CD contains source code for four examples of using these API calls Example 1 shows basic initialization calls loading of truth tables into cells setting of inputs and examination of outputs There are two versions of this example simplel c calls routines inside api obj while simple2 c uses the standard C DLL calling methods Example 2 adder c shows how the Cell Matrix can be used to add two integers 39 Example 3 bootdemo txt is a Basic program that demonstrates calling routines in the API s DLL from Basic This example loads cell configurations into memory and uses them to bootstrap the Cell Matrix Example 4 evolve c demonstrates the concept of Evolvable Hardware configuring the Cell Matrix with random configurations examining their behavior on a given task 5 bit odd parity generation combining the best configurations to produce new ones and eventually developing a circuit that performs the given task perfectly This example can be modified to perform other evolutionary experiments 1 evolving different functions applying different fitness measures and so on 40 TUTORIALS 6 TUTORIALS The following tutorials are intended to provide a good introduction to the Cell Matrix Mod 88 and Command Line Interface These tutorials assume you have already installed the software including any necessary drivers etc These tutorials also
44. er in row major order Thus for a 4x4 configuration tts is composed as follows tts O tts 15 Cell 0 0 row 0 column 0 tts 16 tts 31 Cell 0 1 row 0 column 1 tts 32 tts 47 Cell 0 2 row 0 column 2 tts 48 tts 63 Cell 0 3 row 0 column 3 38 tts 64 tts 79 Cell 1 0 1 column 0 tts 80 tts 95 Cell 1 1 row 1 column 1 tts 96 tts 111 Cell 1 2 row 1 column 2 tts 112 tts 127 Cell 1 3 row 1 column 3 tts 128 tts 143 Cell 2 0 row 2 column 0 tts 144 tts 159 Cell 2 1 row 2 column 1 tts 160 tts 175 Cell 2 2 row 2 column 2 tts 176 tts 191 Cell 2 3 row 2 column 3 tts 192 tts 207 Cell 3 0 row 3 column 0 tts 208 tts 223 Cell 3 1 row 3 column 1 tts 224 tts 239 Cell 3 2 row 3 column 2 tts 240 tts 255 Cell 3 3 row 3 column 3 rows and cols specify the dimensions of the configuration to be bootstrapped The same comments from boot_bin generally apply to boot_mem as far as dimensions of the configuration etc The return value of boot mem is generally 0 since it will bootstrap whatever it finds in memory even if it is not what you intended it to bootstrap Note that very little checking is done on these arguments While you cannot damage the Matrix Mod 88 by loading an unintended configuration you may need to reset the board afterwards to clear out what was load
45. er wrong polarity or too high or too much current Supplying an incorrect voltage to an input Supplying too much current to an input Electrically shorting outputs together and Attempting to drive an output that the board is already driving The above situations can be avoided by using a properly connected properly powered PC Interface Board INTRODUCTION NORTHERN EDGE AMPER 4 Hu INTERFACE BOARD B3CB CELL 4 0 7 s 4 i lt x A gt Lu a 2 2 m a noy 2 LLI monn 2 Lu pon g z i Faini CELL 7 0 s SOUTHBRM EDGE CELL 7 7 s LED LED JUMPERS FIGURE 6 CELL MATRIX MOD 88 The following precautions apply even if the PC Interface Board is used You should avoid Attaching the Matrix Mod 88 incorrectly to PC Interface Board Attaching two Cell Matrix Mod 885 to each other incorrectly Physically damaging the board and Applying static to the board There are probably other ways to damage the board You should use common sense and treat the Cell Matrix Mod 88 and PC Interface Board the way you would any other piece of sensitive electronic equipment INTRODUCTION Returning the Cell Matrix Mod88 or PC Interface Board While Cell Matrix Corporation cannot be help liable for damage caused by mishandling the boards for example dropping a board breaki
46. er less than 128 you ll find that x is b 1 TUTORIAL 5 Basic Truth Table Manipulation You can directly manipulate an edge cell s truth table by controlling the C and D inputs on any accessible side of the cell For example begin with the commands r s00cw 1 to place cell 0 0 into C mode Now enter the command 500 dw 1 to assert input on same side which input 15 asserted Now enter the command t to tick the system clock a single tick Now enter the commands 48 TUTORIALS s00dwo 500 0 to return cell to D mode cell s LED 15 now asserted What has happened You have loaded a truth table containing a single 1 into cell 0 0 This truth table is TRUTH TABLE SNEW CN CS CW CE DN DS DW DE 0000 o 0 0 0 0 0 1 0001 0 0 0 0 0010 o 0 0 0 0 0 0011 0 0 0 AD 0100 D 06 SO 0 30 0101 o 0 0 0 0 0 0110 Oy SEA De xQe e 28 0111 o 0 0 0 0 On 0 1000 D 20 de 0 oU D 0 1001 0 0 0 1010 o 0 0 0 0 SO 1011 0 Oo 0 0 0 0 0 1100 SON 10s 0 70 0 10 CEOL 0 0 0 0 1110 o 0 0 0 0 0 FEEL 0 0 0 0 0 Recall that when a cell is in C mode D inputs are shifted into the cell s truth table each time the system clock ticks The shift begins in the upper right corner of the above truth table proceeds to the left for 8 ticks then drops to the second row s rightmost bit p
47. files Read Only if they are copied from a CD SETUP BAT will change files beneath the current directory to be Read Write You can execute SETUP BAT by double clicking on it in your work directory or by using the command setup bat from a command prompt such as DOS or Cygwin If you do not currently have a Java runtime environment on your system at least V2 you will need to install that as well An installation file is included under the LAYOUT directory and instructions are provided in the document Cell Matrix Layout Editor pdf Once the files have been copied setup bat has been run and you have a Java runtime environment set up you should be able to run the Cell Matrix Layout Editor by simply double clicking loader bat However depending on your system s configuration it is possible this may not work If you encounter difficulties try installing loader bat as described in the Cell Matrix Layout Editor pdf document Linux Installation Instructions If you wish to design Cell Matrix configurations graphically you will need to install the Cell Matrix Layout Editor software This is included on the CD under the LAYOUT LINUX directory The file Cell Matrix 67 APPENDICES Layout Editor pdf describes the installation and use of this tool Note that instructions tell you to execute the Portable Loader exe self extracting file but this step 1s not necessary You can simply copy the files all of them fr
48. haracter 4 Equations have the form side expression where side is one of DN DS DW DE CN CS DW or CE specifying which output side is being defined and expression is a combination of operands N S W E 1 0 and operators for OR amp for AND for INVERSION Each equation is entered on a separate line See Tutorials 6 9 for examples of command Expressions are entered in Reverse Polish Notation RPN RPN is also called postfix notation because the operator appears after the operand s For example whereas one would normally write A B the RPN expression would be AB 1 e the operator 4 appears after both operands A and B Therefore to write the equation meaning 27 COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Data North Out 1s assigned the logical AND of Data South In and Data East In one would write DN SE amp Other examples are shown below Note that while outputs can be D or C outputs the operands are always DATA D inputs The notion of say ANDing two C inputs makes no sense in the Cell Matrix architecture EXAMPLES OF EQUATIONS DN 1 means DNout is 1 regardless of values of any BUE DW E means DWout is the same as the value of DEin This 1s a simple wire from East West DW E means DWout is the inverse of DEin DN SE SW amp means S OR E AND S OR W gt DN CN NW amp means N AND NOT W gt CN DE WESN means W OR E OR S OR N gt DE DE WE S N al
49. how set vector row col eld n s w e Step clock 128 cycles loading latest TT f toggle auto freerun flag S fname Run a sequence file I num Select LPT num for I O to PC Interface Board b fname bootstrap Matrix from a bin file force full address definition cache dsable filename executes commands from filename q abort command file execution repeat last interactive command Q Exit driver TUTORIAL 1 Basic connection and powerup First make sure the power switch on the PC Interface Board is OFF positioned towards the bottom of the PC Interface Board Connect the PC Interface Board s 46 position edge connector to the WESTERN edge of the Cell Matrix Mod 88 as shown in Figure 8 Connect the PC s parallel port cable to the PC Interface Board s 25 position socket and o the PC s parallel port Finally apply power to the PC Interface Board either through the DC power plug or by using a 9V battery Once everything is connected flip the power switch ON towards the middle of the PC Interface Board Two things should happen 1 all the LEDs on the Ce Matrix Mod 88 should momentarily turn orange and then go dark and 2 the green LED on the PC Interface Board should light up and stay lit If these occurred then you have successfully connected the boards to the PC If these did not occur remove power immediately and re check all your connections NOTE The green LED on the PC Interface Board will not illumina
50. ide int value This routine sets the value of a or D input line row and col specify the cell being addressed side must be one of the following two character mnemonics dn Data North ds Data South dw Data West de Data East cn Control North cs Control South cw Control West ce Control East Note that the value of side restricts the value of row or col Northern inputs are set only on cells where row 0 Southern inputs are set only on cells where row 7 Western inputs are set only on cells where co 0 and Eastern inputs are set only on cells where co 7 value is or 0 and specifies the value to which input 15 to be set The return value is 1 if an illegal side or an illegal combination of side row and col is specified Otherwise the return value is 0 Note that the software has no way of knowing if the command succeeded only that the command was sent int get_output int row int col char side This routine is used to read a single output row col and side are exactly the same as defined above The return value of the function is 1 if an illegal side or an illegal side row col combination is specified Otherwise the return value is or 0 and 15 the value of the specified output int enable_cache int state In order to maintain a high I O rate the software will eliminate what it considers to be unnecessary I O 34 operations If you are interacting with
51. itive 6 5mm 2mm plug Make sure the Power Switch on the PC Interface Board is ON flipped towards the top of the board The Green Power LED should be illuminated see Figure 7 Software Installation Be sure to read Appendix 4 LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS before installing or using any of the software described below See Appendix 2 for information on installing the graphical Cell Matrix Layout Editor which you can use to examine and create Cell Matrix configurations usable by the Cell Matrix Mod 88 11 INSTALLATION Depending on the platform programming environment in which you wish to use the Cell Matrix Mod 88 you should skip to one of the following sections if you are working in a Linux environment skip to section 2 1 if you are working in a DOS environment skip to section 2 2 if you are working in a Windows environment skip to section 2 3 POWER INDICATOR LED fr e 22 Lu 4 F lt v m 2 gt 2 i m T 2 2 EXTERNAL 9 POWER lt m 6V 12V DC 2 OG o0 4 fe 9U Battery J SERIAL NUMBER ki POWER SWITCH OFF 9V BATTERY JUMPERS CONNECTORS Normal ee L Position ee J2 J1 FIGURE 7 PC INTERFACE BOARD Jumpers J1 and J2 must be inserted as shown for normal operation 2 1 LINUX INSTALLATION There are two ways to use the Cell Matrix Mod 88 in a Linux 12 INSTALLATION environment You use the included
52. late other cells Try the following commands r C 1 de w 520 1 120 dw s20cw0 52 TUTORIALS This configures cell 2 0 to do two things 1 1 places cell 2 1 into C mode via its CW input and 2 1 copies its own DW input to its DE output and thus to 2 1 s DW input Therefore you can control the D input on cell 2 1 s active side by manipulating cell 2 0 s DW input Now issue the commands 120 dw This copies the above truth table ce w into cell 2 0 s DW input and thus into cell 2 1 s DW input and thus into cell 2 1 s truth table You ve now configured cell 2 1 without having any direct access to its inputs To test this cell s behavior try the following commands C de w s20cwl 120 dw s20cw0 This reconfigures cell 2 0 with the single equation de w You now have two cells configured as follows Cell 2 0 copies DWin to DEout and Cell 2 1 copies DWin to CEout If you now set cell 2 0 DWin to 1 you ll see that cell 2 2 is placed in C mode LED turns red If 2 0 DWin 0 then 2 2 returns to D mode You can now control the mode of a cell that is two cells away from the edge of the matrix These types of sequences where one cell controls a second cell and that second cell might control a third and so on are a key to performing complex manipulations on the Cell Matrix 23 TUTORIALS TUTORIAL 8 An Example of Cell Replication One of
53. le generated by a previous call to comp to the indicated input and ticks the system clock in between each of the 128 bits row col and side are as defined above in the set input call and the same restrictions on their values apply A typical programming sequence would be as follows Set an edge cell s C input to 1 say the cell s address is R C call comp to compile a desired truth table call tt_send R C side where side is the D input corresponding to the C input previously set to 1 and set the C input back to 0 Following these steps the given cell will generally be configured with the compiled truth table unless for exmple another cell is simultaneously configuring cell R C The use of these API routines 15 36 similar to use of corresponding CLI commands in Tutorials 6 9 Chapter 6 The return value 15 0 for success 1 for any detectable error generally an illegal combination of row col and side e g non edge cell Bootstrapping These routines are used to configure a Cell Matrix with a set of truth tables It should be noted that bootstrapping is a far reaching concept having a wide degree of flexibility and a wide range of possible complications Some configurations simply cannot be bootstrapped for example a collection of cells each outputting ones on all their C outputs Note also that for these bootstrap routines the smallest file that can be b
54. ng off pins or applying too much voltage to a connection we may be able to repair repairable damage for a fee for example replacing an I O connector Please contact us at mod88 cellmatrix com if you have a damaged board If you decide you no longer wish to use your boards please do not discard them We may be able to buy back used boards from you Please contact us for more details The next chapter describes the hardware and software installation of the Cell Matrix Mod 98 and optional PC Interface Board 10 INSTALLATION 2 INSTALLATION Hardware Installation If you plan to use the Cell Matrix Mod 88 as standalone device i e you plan to supply power set inputs read outputs and so on using hardware of your own then you can skip to Chapter 7 However you may still find it useful to read the TUTORIALS chapter for ideas on how to interact with the Cell Matrix Mod 88 If you plan to use the PC Interface Board to connect the Cell Matrix Mod 88 to a PC you will first need to perform the following Hardware Installation steps Identify the Western edge of the Cell Matrix Mod 88 as shown in Figure 6 Connect the 46 pin header on the Western edge to the 46 pin socket on the PC Interface Board Connect a parallel port cable between your PC and the PC Interface Board Apply power to the PC Interface Board either by attaching a 9V battery or by using an appropriate external power supply 6 12 V DC center pos
55. nue to run 57 STAND ALONE OPERATION 7 STAND ALONE OPERATION The Cell Matrix Mod 8 can be used in a standalone manner without the PC Interface Board and without any external PC This chapter describes requirements and pin out specification for using Cell Matrix Mod 88 in this way WARNING It is extremely easy to damage the Cell Matrix Mod 88 by incorrectly connecting it to other devices or incorrectly powering it Please be extremely careful when making such connections as the board itself has little protection against such mistakes See the Board Overview and Precautions sections of Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION for more details General Comments The board is TTL compatible though it really uses a Low Voltage TTL standard 0 3 3V It will tolerate SV TTL inputs and its logic level 1 output will be interpreted by standard TTL as High Again there is no protection against mistakenly driving an output pin from outside or from drawing too much current from an output or supplying to much current to an input See Xilinx s documentation on the XC2S200 FPGA for precise details on the LVTTL I O standard You can pull 5V from the WEST side of the board on pin 35 There is enough current to drive at least a few HCT family chips This is where the PC Interface Board gets its regulated power The pin location on each side is as shown below These are FRONT VIEWS looking directly at each edge Note also that Pins 2
56. o it You can look at cross grd in the Matrix Layout Editor to see how the individual cells are configured You will see a pattern of illuminated LEDs sweep across the display as the truth tables contained in cross bin are loaded into the Cell Matrix After a few seconds the display will be dark again The Cell Matrix is now configured as 32 crossed wires 8 from West gt East 8 from East 44 TUTORIALS gt West 8 from North X South and 8 from South gt North NOTE If you want to see what the b command is doing you can slow down the communication rate between the PC and the PC Interface Board by using the p command Enter command and then try the command p 5000 and then b cross bin The bootstrap should run slower now allowing you to better observe the bootstrap sequence Ifit is still too fast to observe try a number larger than 5000 larger numbers cause a longer delay To remove the delay enter the command po To experiment with this circuit try the command s20dw 1 and you will see 8 LEDs illuminate as the input propagates across the matrix Enter the command X to see the D outputs of the edge cells Note that cell 2 7 has a DE output of 1 This is the Eastern end of the wire Enter the command s04dn1 and you ll see a column of illuminated LEDs from North to South If you again enter the x command you ll see that cell 7 4 s DS output is now asserted set to 1
57. of using the CLI See Chapter 6 TUTORIALS for examples of using the CLI Application Programming Interface By using the Application Programming Interface API you can perform various operations on the Matrix Mod 88 via subroutine calls from your own program written in C Visual Basic or other languages There are three different environments in which you can interact with the API If you work in the CYGWIN environment a freely available UNIX environment that runs on top of Windows you should copy the files api h and api o from the CD SOFTWARE CYGWIN directory to your chosen work directory You can then compile and link C programs 16 INSTALLATION using gcc command For example to compile and link a program called yourprogram c you could use the command gcc o yourprogram yourprogram c api o You should also have a line near the beginning of your program that says include api h If you work in the Borland C 5 5 1 environment you should copy files api h and api obj from the CD SOFTWARE WIN32 directory to your chosen work directory You can then compile and link C programs using the bcc32 command For example to compile and link a program called yourprogram c you could use the command bcc32 yourprogram c api obj You should also have a line near the beginning of your program that says include api h This may also work under other 32 bit compilers but this has not been tested
58. om the CD s LAYOUT LINUX directory and all subdirectories to your desired installation directory Next you should use the command source setup or setup to execute the commands in the setup script This will ensure that installed files are writable You will need the Java runtime environment on your system at least V2 Finally you need to edit the loader script Currently the script contains the command java DLIBROOT local home nick linuxsrc LIBRARIES classpath loader jar Acme jar loader all on one line You need to change the DLIBROOT argument to whatever directory you have copied the layout editor files to in this case Mocal home nick linuxsrc followed by LIBRARIES It is critical that you have the trailing after LIBRARIES Note also that all parts of this command are case sensitive The path local home nick linuxsrc depends on where you have copied the files to all other parts of the command should be exactly as shown above but again on a single line Once the files have been copied setup has been run you have a Java runtime environment set up and you ve edited the loader script you should be able to run the Cell Matrix Layout Editor by executing the command 68 APPENDICES APPENDIX 3 WINDOWS XP NOTE Windows XP expects to be the only software accessing the parallel port and thus makes free use of that port Depending on your
59. onnection but you will only have direct I O access to the board to which the interface 1s connected Obviously your position in the larger multi board matrix will be determined by where you connect the PC Interface Board It can be difficult mechanically to connect or disconnect a number of boards The tolerances in the connectors are small and the friction can be quite high so it is easy to bend or break connector pins Please use caution when assembling or disassembling boards See the Separating Boards section in Chapter 3 INTERFACE BOARD OVERVIEW for details on how to safely separate boards 63 FURTHER INFORMATION AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT 9 FURTHER INFORMATION AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT For more information technical help or general feedback please contact Cell Matrix Corporation by sending email to mod88 dcellmatrix com Please contact us if you have any difficulties using your boards or if you have questions or comments We are eager to help you solve any problems in getting the boards working We are also very interested in knowing what you are doing with these boards what ideas you have any suggestions and so on Please visit http www cellmatrix com for further information about the Cell Matrix Architecture and Cell Matrix Corporation 64 APPENDICES 10 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 CD CONTENTS The included CD contains documentation various software components for different environments and examples sample cod
60. ootstrapped is 3x3 There are numerous ways to bootstrap Cell Matrices since bootstrapping is essentially a user defined software level construct The bootstrap algorithm used in this API is good for most simple circuits Circuits that are very dynamic in nature 1 those that are configuring other cells may require custom bootstrap sequences int boot_bin char fname This is the simplest way to bootstrap a Cell Matrix fname is the name of a binary grid file as created by the Write Binary Grid command in the Cell Matrix Layout Editor boot bin will read the binary description and send a series of commands to the PC Interface Board to cause the Cell Matrix Mod 88 to be configured as specified in the binary file fname Binary files have a size associated with them based on the size of the grid in use when the binary file was written from the Matrix Layout Editor Note the following bootstrapping begins at location 0 0 1 e the upper left cell A 4x4 binary file for example would be loaded between cells 0 0 and 3 3 the smallest file that should be loaded is 3x3 This is not a hard restriction but it s a special case that requires a different bootstrap 37 sequence files larger than 8x8 may be bootstrapped exactly like smaller ones If you have multiple Cell Matrix Mod 66s connected together you can bootstrap larger binary files generally if you try to bootstr
61. ortant that the proper sized plug is used If a plug with too small a diameter is used the battery will not be disconnected when external power is applied This could cause the battery to explode The current requirements of the boards are difficult to predict since it depends on what configuration 1s loaded into the matrix Typically the Cell Matrix Mod 88 PC Interface Board combination requires a minimum of 100 mA while running but may sometimes draw 2 3 times that amount or more Additional Matrix Mod 895 seem to draw minimum of 50 mA each NOTE that the LED array is scanned 1 e only one LED 15 illuminated at a time Thus the amount of current drawn to illuminate all 64 LEDs is roughly the same as that to illuminate a single 19 PC INTERFACE BOARD OVERVIEW LED The 25 pin socket accepts a standard parallel port cable 25 pin male connector Generally the shorter the cable the better the performance you ll get A 3 6 foot 1 2 meter cable should present no problems The switch controls the flow of power to the Cell Matrix Mod 88 When the switch 15 facing the middle of board away from the bottom edge current is flowing If a Matrix Mod 98 15 attached Cell Matrix Mod 88 will supply 5V back to the PC Interface Board causing the green Power LED to light up This indicates that power is being supplied to the Cell Matrix Mod 88 NOTE that attaching the parallel port to a PC may also cause the Power
62. rface program for future use You can now use the command to see the truth table you ve just created If you wish to load this truth table into an edge cell you can do so as follows First put a cell into C mode with the usual command s00cw 1 Now use the lower case L command as follows 100 dw 51 TUTORIALS This causes the compiled truth table bits to be sent to 0 0 s DW input while automatically issuing a t clock tick command following setting of each bit This sequence of commands will cause the compiled truth table to be loaded into cell 0 0 Finally issue the command s00cw0 to return cell to D mode Now cell 0 0 is configured as a wire from West to East By setting or clearing 0 0 DWin you can affect its DEoutput and hence the color of its LED This sequence of commands is easier than those in the previous tutorial especially for more complicated truth tables You can repeat the above steps for whatever truth table you like For example if you repeat this example but compile a pair of equations as follows C ce w cs w you ll find you can illuminate one of two red LEDs depending on the value of 0 0 DWin if DWin 0 then cell 1 0 is placed in C mode if DWin 1 then 0 1 15 placed in C mode TUTORIAL 7 Manipulating Internal Cells You can use the and 1 commands to perform more complicated truth table manipulations including causing cells to manipu
63. roceeds to the left for 8 ticks and so on until the 128 tick when the lower leftmost bit is loaded Since you set Din to 1 for a single clock tick only one bit was loaded into the truth table resulting in the truth table shown above This truth table says that if all D inputs 0 then DEout should be 1 which is why cell 0 0 s LED is illuminated If you now set any input N W cell 0 0 to 1 you ll note the LED goes dark This cell is thus acting as a two input NOR gate the output is 1 only if DNin is 0 and DWin is 0 49 TUTORIALS Enter the x command and you ll note that all edge D outputs are 0 Now enter the command s00cwl to return cell 0 0 to C mode If you now re enter the command you ll see that cell 0 0 s DW output is 1 This indicates the current value of bit 0 in the cell s truth table This is how a cell s truth table can be examined by placing the cell into C mode Enter command to reset the matrix Now enter the commands 500 1 t8 s00 dw 1 t 500 0 500 0 Now you ve configured cell 0 0 as a simple wire If you set 0 0 DWin to 1 then the cell s DE output is also set to 1 If DWin is 0 then DEout is 0 The corresponding truth table is TRUTH TABLE SNEW CN CS CW CE DN DS DW DE 0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0001 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0010 o 0 0 0 0 0 0011 0 0 0 MS 0100 De 20 A oou DV 30 0101 0 0 0 0 0110 p
64. s like a line of green LEDs followed by a red LED and so on INTRODUCTION Edge connectors along the sides of the Cell Matrix Mod 88 provide access to edge cells system signals and power They are arranged so that two or more Cell Matrix Mod 88s can be attached to each other to create a larger matrix Figure 5 shows 4 connected boards implementing 16 16 Cell Matrix See Chapter 8 for more information on using multiple boards Unconnected D and inputs are pulled low to logic level 0 on the board itself There 15 no need to set these values to 0 yourself This is not so for the clock and reset lines though These lines must be given definite values from outside the Matrix Mod 88 The PC Interface Board takes care of this for you In working with the Cell Matrix a relatively small number of possible interactions are combined in a variety of ways to induce extremely complex behavior The following is a complete list ofhow one may interact with the Cell Matrix 115 4 53 Fig 3 E EM 1111111 411111 ke H Li 3 4 eo yF mm E 2552 gt T ki 11977 1 PX i gt z a 3 A YN ai t KI j AE we pe lt ie ws H TEKI 7712 20000000 90000000 gt p SS nnn aS FIGUR
65. s via Windows DLL Requires PORTO5NT to be installed Contains main exe 16 bit executable api h and api obj 16 bit API linkable under Borland Turbo C 2 01 Will not work on protected operating systems such as Windows XP Does not appear to work under Windows 3 1 either Contains main Linux executable Command Line Interface api h and api o for linking under Linux s gcc compiler Includes VB Header txt which defines the DECLARE statements for DLL entry points Also defines VB specific versions of raw comp and boot memY routines Includes main exe 32 bit Windows Command Line Interface api h and api obj 32 bit API linkable under Borland Turbo 5 5 1 Requires PORT95NT to be installed 66 APPENDICES APPENDIX 2 Cell Matrix Layout Editor Windows Installation Instructions If you wish to design Cell Matrix configurations graphically you will need to install the Cell Matrix Layout Editor software This is included on the CD under the LAYOUT WINDOWS directory The file Cell Matrix Layout Editor pdf describes the installation and use of this tool Note that the instructions tell you to execute the Portable Loader exe self extracting file but this step 15 not necessary You can simply copy the files all of them from the CD s LAYOUT WINDOWS directory and all subdirectories to your desired installation directory Next YOU SHOULD RUN SETUP BAT after copying the files Some operating systems make
66. send the results to the matrix and so on You can also use the API to load cell configurations into the PC s memory and then bootstrap the matrix using those values API Files The supplied API files can be used to call routines in a variety of ways api dll is a Windows DLL of routines which can be called using standard DLL calling procedures VB Header txt is a set of Visual Basic DECLARE statements for api dll Note that VB Header txt does more than just define DLL entry points it also defines the routines raw comp and boot mem themselves See the examples at the end of this chapter for calling raw comp and boot mem from VB api h includes descriptions of callable routines in api obj and api o you can include api h to define prototypes for these routines api obj can be linked to programs compiled with Borland s Turbo compilers using a command such as bcc32 yourprogram c api obj Turbo C 5 5 1 or tcc yourpro c api obj Turbo C 2 01 api o can be linked to programs compiled under gcc Cygwin or Linux using a command such as gcc o yourprogram yourprogram c api o See the INSTALLATION chapter for details on choosing which API 32 files are appropriate for your environment API Routines There are 5 categories of API calls Initialization Cell 1 System Clocking Truth Table Manipulation and Bootstrapping Initialization int init io int port This rou
67. so means W OR E OR S OR N gt DE and so on The compiled truth table is stored in a temporary location inside the program Dump a copy of the stored truth table to the display This allows you to examine the truth table that results from the equations entered following a c command Irow col side this command is a lowercase L Load the truth table into a cell row col identify the position in the Cell Matrix of the cell being loaded side is DN DS DW or DE indicating which D input should receive the configuration bits The command causes the following operations to occur the cell s D input is set to the value of bit 0 of the stored truth table the system clocks are ticked the cell s D input is set to the value of bit 1 of the stored truth table the system clocks are ticked and so on all 128 bits of stored truth table have been sent to 28 COMMAND LINE INTERFACE cell s D input The command returns after 128 ticks of the system clocks See the Tutorial chapter below for examples that use these commands to configure a cell s truth table Note that this is only useful for configuring edge cells To configure cells internal to the matrix one must use edge cells to configure non edge cells b filename read a bin file as produced by the Matrix Layout Editor and generate bootstrap sequences for configuring the Cell Matrix Mod 88 as specified by the bin file
68. t cell 0 7 s DN input Consecutive bits of correspond to cells in the negative direction 1 1 e cells 0 6 0 5 0 4 for a total of 8 bits Enter the above vd command Now you can set the value of all 8 northern D inputs by specifying the value of the vector a Next define a vector b for the southern inputs vdb774ds 18 You can now specify the inputs to the adder numerically Enter the commands 0 and the LEDs should all go dark Now enter the commands val7 and you ll see the value of 17 0 0 0 1 000 1 on Southern outputs Now enter the commands v b 25 X and the southern outputs will show the number 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 which is 47 TUTORIALS 42 17425 You can experiment with other values for a and b and observe their sum on the southern outputs Vectors can also be used to examine output values as integers For example we can define a vector x to display the output of the adder Enter the command vdx77ds l8 and now the command will display integer value corresponding to eight southern outputs For example after entering v a 17 and v b 25 then command v x should display 42 If you treat these 8 bit numbers as twos complement integers you can perform subtraction with this same circuit For example in twos complement the binary number 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 255 is actually 1 If you use the command va255 and then set b to a numb
69. te 42 TUTORIALS unless Cell Matrix Mod 88 is correctly connected to it TUTORIAL 2 Basic Command Line Operations Begin the Command Line Interface main or main exe See Chapter 2 INSTALLATION for details on where to find the Command Line Interface for your particular environment NOTE You should copy the BIN and GRD files from the EXAMPLES directory on the CD into whatever directory you are running the Command Line Interface from This will prevent your needing to specify full pathnames for these files Once the program starts you will see a header message followed by the command line prompt gt Enter the command s00cw 1 As with most commands the first token s indicates type of command Set an input in this case The 0 0 specifies cell by Row of cells from top and Column of cells from the Left specifies a specific input in the cell the C West input 1 is the value to which the input is being set The upper left LED should turn red indicating that cell 0 0 is now in C mode Enter the command 572 1 and now the LED corresponding to cell 7 2 is red indicating that cell 7 2 is also in C mode Enter the command 0 0 to return cell 0 0 to D mode as indicate by LED no longer being red Enter the command r to reset the Cell Matrix Note that the command also resets all inputs D and C to 0 so now cell 7
70. the more unique features of the Cell Matrix is that cells themselves can read and write other cell s configurations In this tutorial you will configure a cell to replicate a second source cell into an empty target location Begin by resetting the board Now bootstrap the board to a crossed wire configuration by using the boot command b cross bin If you now say 520 1 entire row of LEDs turns green If you say s20dw0 the row turns dark This illustrates that the row of cells is acting as a wire Now compile cell 2 0 to act as an inverter de w s20cwl 120 dw 520 0 You ll note that even though 2 0 DWin 0 entire row of LEDs is now illuminated This is because cell 2 0 sends the inverse ofits Western input to its Eastern output Since 2 0 DWin is 0 its output is 1 and the cross bin configuration propagates that output across the entire row If you set 2 0 dw to 1 the row will go dark Note that cell 4 0 behaves oppositely if you set 4 0 dw to 1 the row illuminates and if you set it to 0 it goes dark Now compile cell 3 0 as a Cell Replicator 54 TUTORIALS cn w Ccs w dn n ds n s30cw1 130 dw s30cw0 s 3 0 dw 0 So far you haven t changed cell 4 0 you can confirm this by setting its DWin and observing the behavior The cell you configured in 3 0 is set up to act as follows If you set 3 0 DW to 1 the cell will place cells 2 0 and 4 0 into C
71. tine must be called before any other API calls It serves three main functions 1 1 defines the parallel port on which 1 to the PC Interface Board will take place 2 1 initializes the routines used to communicate with the parallel port dllportio and 3 it initializes various internal structures The argument port should be 1 for lpt1 or 2 for Ipt2 Any other arguments are illegal The return value is 0 for success for error meaning an illegal argument or a problem loading dllportio int reset void This call causes a RESET signal to be sent to the Cell Matrix followed by 256 clock ticks It also invalidates all address cache entries inside the interface software You can call this routine whenever you want to reset the hardware The return value is always 0 Cell Input Output These routines are used to write and read C and D lines on edge cells It should be noted that on a standard Cell Matrix one could only directly address I O lines to which you are directly connected However the PC Interface Board Cell Matrix Mod 88 are designed to work together to 33 provide access to all perimeter 1 lines Thus for example you do not need to physically connect to the Northern edge of the Cell Matrix Mod 88 in order to read or write C and D lines of cells on the Northern edge of the matrix This is one big advantage of using the PC Interface Board int set input int row int col char s
72. tputs are both C and D to North South West or East Cell configuration proceeds as follows First a cell s C input is set to 1 This places the cell into C mode The side on which the C input is high is called the active side Oncea cell is in C mode the D output on the active edge 15 set to the 26 COMMAND LINE INTERFACE current value of bit O in the cell s truth table Other D outputs are set to 0 C outputs are also set to 0 It is at this point that the D input on the active side should be set to the desired value of bit 0 When Phi 1 is raised the D input on the active side is loaded into the cell s truth table at bit 0 When Phi 1 drops the cell s internal truth table address 15 incremented to bit 1 Phi 2 is raised When Phi 2 is dropped the D output on the active side is set to the current value of bit 1 in the cell s truth table These last four steps repeat on each set of clock transitions with the bit number incrementing each iteration from 0 to 127 This mechanism thus allows one to write a cell s truth table by meticulously controlling the C and D inputs as well as the system clock lines This is a simple but cumbersome procedure to perform by hand To simplify this often used set of operations the following commands are available compile a set of Boolean equations into a truth table The user 15 prompted to enter the equations ending with a line containing a single c
73. vices Parport Parameters DisableWarmPoll dword 00000000 You can make these changes in Windows 69 APPENDICES regedit utility Or to make the changes automatically create and save the following text files DisablePolling reg contains the following text Windows Registry Editor Version 5 00 HKEY LOCAL MACHINE SYSTEM CurrentControls et Services Parport Parameters DisableWarmPoll dword 00000001 EnablePolling reg contains the following text Windows Registry Editor Version 5 00 HKEY LOCAL MACHINE SYSTEM CurrentControls et Services Parport Parameters DisableWarmPoll dword 00000000 To change a registry key run the program 70 APPENDICES APPENDIX 4 PURCHASE TERMS AND CONDITIONS THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF VIRGINIA SHALL GOVERN THESE PURCHASE TERMS AND CONDITIONS LiMITED WARRANTY LIMITED WARRANTY Matrix CORPORATION THE COMPANY WARRANTS THAT A ITS SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE THE PRODUCT WILL PERFORM SUBSTANTIALLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE ACCOMPANYING WRITTEN MATERIALS FOR A PERIOD OF NINETY 90 DAYS FROM THE DATE OF RECEIPT AND B THAT THE MEDIUM ON WHICH THE SOFTWARE IS CONTAINED WILL BE FREE FROM DEFECTS IN MATERIALS AND WORKMANSHIP UNDER NORMAL USE AND SERVICE FOR A PERIOD OF ONE 1 YEAR IN THE EVENT APPLICABLE LAW IMPOSES ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES THE IMPLIED WARRANTY PERIOD IS LIMITED TO NINETY 90 DAYS FROM THE DATE OF RECEIPT SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW SUCH LIMITATIONS
74. vob sr a SETELI mx 2 A FIGURE 1 THE CELL MATRIX MOD 887 The Matrix Mod 887 Figure 1 is a hardware implementation of a two dimensional 8x8 Cell Matrix The board has connectors on each INTRODUCTION edge that allow access to the C and D inputs and outputs of each edge cell Additionally the board can be attached to a computer s parallel port via an optional PC Interface Board Figure 2 118 ve yn vi vi alt up ut m SU Bat SERIAL NUMBER FIGURE 2 PC INTERFACE BOARD The Cell Matrix Mod 88 provides a hands on introduction to the Cell Matrix architecture It can be used to study the basic behavior of Cell Matrix cells including their two dual modes of operating C mode where cells process code and D mode where cells process data It can be used to experiment with reconfigurable devices in general e g for performing experiments in Evolvable Hardware It can also be used as a general digital logic platform for working with logic circuits at the hardware level This document does not discuss the Cell Matrix architecture per se It assumes a basic familiarity with the architecture 2 INTRODUCTION but not with the detailed use of the Cell Matrix Please visit www cellmatrix com for more information about the Cell Matrix The page www cellmatrix com entryway products pub publications html contains publications that describe both the basic and

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