Vector ZCB CPU Users Manual
Contents
1. EEE ee 2 2 3 Auto WAIT state enable disable oooonorcanannnmnaZ2rZ 2 3 EPRCM RAM 9 o S is w km n le klere N di ee Ke OSG a Du 2 3 1 2708 EPROM Addressing aa Aa 2 3 2 3 2 Auxiliary Memory Disable DEET aed 2 3 3 2716 EPROM Addressing ee wei um ara ww and 2 2 4 2732 EPROM Addressing DEET 270 2 3 5 Enable on board EPROM on E aaa neem DO AO 2 3 6 Phantom enable disable SCENE REESEN SE T 2 3 7 Jumper areas K L and M anna 2 7 244 I O Section ess he Gud min M RAO E IP 2 7 2 4 1 1 0 Port Addressing sosssnenasoa A 2 4 2 Address Mirroring disable enable a ee are eaa 22 2 4 3 Asynchronous Serial Baud Rate Selection e 2 11 2 4 4 How to connect most serial terminals and printers 2 11 1 B 6 11 30 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer Section Page 4 5 How to connect most low speed acoustic couplerS 2 15 4 6 Connecting additional RS 232C handshaking lines 2 15 4 7 Using the Parallel Ports aaaaasaeaaa a 2 18 4 8 Connecting Sprint 3 to SCH an e Ae 19 4 9 Connecting Vector MP to OCH eem e 2mlO 2 9 Spare Chip and Patch areadS oonsooncoononponnonnnnoacaroracaooZO III Theory of Operation 3 1 System Operation Block Diagram acaccconvcencnccasccsscees dul 3 2 Serial POCTS aaa e ech ao 02k ae al IV Schematics Rev 1 B 6 11 80 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer Compatibility Power Requirements Availability Memory EPROMs included with board2. 31 PB7 2 GND 12 N C 22 PA7 32 PB6 3 PC2 13 PAO 23 N C 33 N C 4 PO 14 N C 24 N C 34 45V 5 PCO 15 PA2 25 PBl 6 PCl 16 PAL 26 PBO 7 PO 17 PM 27 PB3 8 PC4 18 PA3 28 PB2 9 PC7 19 PAG 29 PB5 10 PC6 20 PAS 30 PB4 2 4 8 Connecting the Sprint 3 to the ZCB To connect the Sprint 3 high speed printer to the ZCB you must have the ZCB Sprint 3 interface board P N 42 3200 available from Vector Graphic Inc To install 1 Plug interface card into top 34 pin parallel I O connector on the ZCB so that the bulk of the interface card is towards the rear of tbe computer 2 Feed flat Sprint 3 Ribbon Cable out through the rear panel of the computer There is a notch at the top of the panel for this purpose 3 Plug other end of Sprint 3 cable into connector at rear of Sprint 3 See the Sprint 3 manual for further details 2 4 9 Connecting the Vector MP to the ZCB To connect the Vector MP dot matrix printer to the ZCB you must bave the ZCB MP interface board P N 12 3400 and an I O I cable P N 16 1202 available from Vector Graphic Inc To install 1 Plug the interface card into top 34 pin parallel I O connector of the ZCB so that the bulk of the interface card is towards the rear of the computer 2 Plug the 24 pin DIP connector end of the I O 1 cable into the socket on the ZCB MP interface card Rev 1 B 6 11 80 2 19 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer 3 Fasten the other end of the cable wit
3. to the back panel of the computer The cable is designed so that appropriate signals from the board are directed to the RS 232C lines at the DB 25 connector as if it were Data Communications Equipment Thus the resulting DB 25 socket at the rear of the computer is a DCE RS 232C port Drivers are provided for the serial port to enable the 8251 Transmit Data and Receive Data lines to input or output at RS 232C voltage levels These receivers and drivers are already connected on the board requiring no jumpering When a serial I O cable is installed these signals are connected to RS 232C lines 3 and 2 respe en In addition four of the RS 232C control lines are connected to the appropriate pins on the 8251 These are DTR DSR RTS and CTS See the table Additional RS 232C handshaking lines available in Section 2 4 2 for the pin assignments When a serial I O cable is installed these signals are available on the cable s DB 25 There are four other signals available from the 8251 which can be accessed TxRDY TxMT SYNDET and RxRDY You can install jumpers and RS 232C line drivers to enable the 8251 to dynamically control any two of them via software Further a number of other RS 232C lines are available on the board using the standard serial I O cable mentioned above These are both input and output lines but they are not connected to anything other than pads on the koard nor are drivers and receivers connected to them The table RS 232C and C
4. 232C handshaking lines Some require that one of these handshaking lines be held at 12 VDC In either case you can plug these peripherals directly into the DB 25 at the end of the serial 1 0 cable without modifying the board at all if you are using stnadard Vector Graphic software because the software holds the most common handshaking lines at 12 VDC lines 5 6 and 8 Note that the ZCB does not require any hardware handshaking signals from the peripheral in order to operate If you are not sure whether the board will work without modification try it before attempting to add additional handshaking signals Generally to make sure that you are connecting all the necessary lines use a 25 wire ribbon cable between the DB 25 at the end of the serial I O cable and the DB 25 connected to the peripheral The ZCB board does not generate undesired inhibiting signals on any of the lines NOTE If you are writing your own software you will have to program the 8251 on the ZCB to control any handshaking lines required by the peripheral device If it is simply a matter of holding high or pulling low a line you can simply strap the appropriate pin with a source of 12V or GND at the connector before it even comes into the computer Lines controllable by software are listed in the table Additional RS 232 handshaking lines available If a 25 wire cable is not possible then attempt the connection using three wires connecting RS 232C lines 2 3 and
5. 7 from the DB 25 at the end of the serial I O cable to the same pins on the DB 25 which plugs into the peripheral Receive only printers that do not generate acknowledgement signals such as Teletype or Decwriters do not require connecting line 2 It is never necessary to connect line l protective ground because the ZCB does not ground it If this does not work then the peripheral may require one of the RS 232C handshaking lines The two most common RS 232C handshaking lines required by serial peripherals are Clear to Send line 5 and Data Set Ready line 6 These two lines are held at 12 VDC by standard software The manual for your peripheral should specify if any are required To connect one or more simply connect a wire between the corresponding desired pin numbers on the DB 25 s at both ends of your external cable in addition to the three lines 2 3 and 7 given above Remember that you do not have to worry about this if you simply use a 25 wire ribbon cable 2 12 Rev 1 B 6 11 80 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer Many peripherals hold either or both lines 4 and 20 at 12 VDC This allows an alternate method of providing the peripheral with 12 VDC on lines 5 6 and or 8 Simply make the appropriate connection s at the back of the peripheral This can be done by soldering jumpers within the DB 25 connector or external to it For example to provide 12 VDC on lines 5 and 6 you can connect pin 4 to 5 and pin 6 to 20 This e
6. Memory Speed Memory Types Standard Location of Systems Monitor EPROM Power On Reset Jump Options Processor Number of Data Bits Number of Address Bits Instructions Clock speed Interrupts 1 0 devices Dynamic RAM Rev 1 B 6 11 80 SPECIFICATIONS System Most 100 systems 8VDC 8 970 ma typ 16 VDC 120 ma 16 VDC Q 80 ma Shipped assembled tested burned in no kits SPECIFICATIONS EPROM RAM 65536 bytes addressable 1024 bytes RAM on board 3 EPROM sockets on board up to 12K addressable none RAM 300ns EPROM User selected 450 ns typical RAM 2114 static EPROM 2708 2716 2732 EOOOH E7FFH Auto boot on power on reset jumps to memory location EQOOH Shipped enabled SPECIFICATIONS CPU Z 80A 8 16 158 including all 78 8080 instructions 2 or 4 MHz jumper selectable enabled for 4 MHz Z 80 Mode 0 8080 mode MODE 1 MODE 2 256 1 0 addresses Supports dynamic memory by sending Z 80 RFSH on bus line 66 fast reset power on clear signal generated on board Static RAM MWRITE Wait state generation for memories slower than 300 ns Bus Load Buffering Phantom Mirroring Capacity Serial port Port addresses Signal levels RS 232 handshaking Asynchronous Rates Data bits Stop bits Parity Vector ZCB Single Board Computer Fully compatible Jumper option to generate MWRITE on board Standard option enabled 3 options generate one wait state on each b
7. TKa i gen R3 LIK We S Y DR ER EN 216 yu 741832 AR SAD Ba tn 79156 o an Ram TARE 2 13 gam 543 l Q 3410 CS 3 C ee n RAM REVISION 2 7 14 80 RESET M Maky CONTROL SHY 089 Vee 7 PIN 19 oubzPiu Uu 25 Zar RAM LS La G E i o d d MD S MDP mbi Jana logo ps mas Le MAT st Ra M WA MD PED Aa momo mp ep ap AD tb bi mo jan ma Ag nl an Mam 3 api t igi aps piss jaja 1 5 E ie yi pa Sri H t H 1 4 H u ha 14 ns la 117 9 lo it ja le 115 l d 2 el axi IS 6 DO DI DADA 24 DS D D7 D Di Da D3 Oy n5 86 b DP Bj PAD Pin 242450 L a Ad 2j AP Pin la zGwn HA 7 Ai lea du A3 S A3 a 4 gi A amp Hi dy e u20 EE TOM alas ULZ 2 AN 46 2j As 2 TA 3 D aou TAA Ja X IXX saa 2443 me A A Grh 8 D sen Romi Hz ROM 2 LS AAO H LA MEMORY SHEET 5 9 REVISOR a fo 2 27 81 3 4 74L3 04 a eg CH BA7 da TUS Lo 2 C v Wo ik BAS brah 2 5 i Blc ah A pay 543 14 8 2 3 RS gaa 543 S A 4 LEO 5 BAD 3 H2 791841 45V 7 Q2 Clo xao a 741879 Ed 6 Hor zem Cu I b a mer Sam o a 19 CO cl 4 Vb 8077 ars 3 2 74S 09 Ds Pp T5V GnD PCLK Me 74 ao fe Ze POLK Va 79 L8 393 LE ye 8931 4 P gt z 1 22 a 2 AND O 3 Q O O 4 gt s D Ia iso plo SERCLI f 740 3731 e Q lt NC Guo FHc ray Inc BAUD SELECT 43
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9. Vector Graphic Microcomputer Systems If you wish to use the ZCB in another model computer or One of your own design the following information will prove useful The standard jumpering does the following 2708 EPROM s are selected for 2 PROM sockets 2716 EPROM selected for 1 PROM socket EPROM base address is E000 1K on board memory is addressed at FC00 Serial port is addressed at 04 control and 05 data Same information is duplicated at addresses 06 and 07 Parallel ports A B C and Control Status Register are addressed at 08 09 0A and OB respectively Clock speed 4MHz Mwrite is enabled One wait state is inserted on each Ml cycle On board EPROM is enabled to boot on reset Phantom line 67 is enabled 2 2 CPU SECTION 2 2 1 Running system at 2 or 4 MHz Jumper area A Connections as manufactured pad 1 jumpered to pad 2 Function selects 2 or 4 MHz operation The 2 80 CPU is capable of 4 MHz operation but some peripheral boards are not The board is shipped for operation at 4 Mhz Options to operate at 2 MHZ cut the jumper between pad 1 and 2 and install a jumper between pad 1 and 3 Rev 1 B 6 11 80 2 1 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer 2 2 2 MWRITE enable disable Jumper area D Connections as manufactured Jumper installed Function when connected the ZCB board will generate the MWRITE signal S 100 line 68 You will want to disconnect this Jumper if there is some other source Of MWRITE in th
10. and the disk controller will be at 8800H Note that there will only be 1K of memory beginning at location 9800H with 1K blank following it To implement this change we would first consult the 2716 Base Address Chart Since all these addresses lie within the third block we jumper area H as follows 1 2 2 5 and 3 8 area I 8 4 7 3 and 6 2 and area J 3 4 and 6 7 All pre existing jumpers are cut away Now that the base address has been established we consult the relative address chart and make the following connections in jumper area F 1 to 10 6 to 8 2 to 7 and 3 to 11 Cutting away previous jumpers as necessary To enable the disk controller pad 4 is tied to pad 13 Rev 1 B 6 11 80 2 5 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer 2 3 4 2732 EPROM Addressing To use 2732 s in the ZCB follow the procedure outlined below 1 Consult the 2732 Base Address Chart This shows the base addresses allowable with 2732 s 2732 Base Address Chart Addresses Area H Jumpers Area I Jumpers Area J Jumpers 0000H 7FFFH 1 2 3 3 9 8 3 7 2 6 1 3 4 1 7 8000H FFFFH 1 2 3 3 8 8 3 7 2 6 1 3 4 1 7 2 With the base address chosen jumper areas H I and J as per the 2732 chart and cut away the old jumpers 3 Subtract the base address from the absolute address desired to find the relative address Consult the 4K column of the Relative Address Chart to find the appropriate Area F pad number 4 Consult the Area F EPROM RAM Socket Pad Chart 5 Solder jumper
11. change port addresses This is accomplished by merely changing some jumper connections on the ZCB board The first thing to do is to decide what port addresses you wish to use There are eight groups of thirty two port addresses you can choose from All the port addresses must be chosen from the same group They are as follows I O Port Address Groups Group Port Address Hex JUMPER AREA G I 00 1F 9 6 8 4 7 2 II 20 3F 9 5 8 4 7 2 III 40 5F 9 6 8 3 7 2 IV 60 7F 9 5 8 3 7 2 V 80 9F 9 6 8 4 7 1 vI A0 BF 9 5 8 4 7 1 VII CO DF 9 6 8 3 7 1 VIII EO FF 9 5 8 3 7 1 Within these groups port addresses are assigned in increments of four Port Address Increments within Groups AREA GROUP E PAD 1 II III IV V VI VIT VITI NO all addresses expressed in hex 3 00 20 40 60 80 A0 C0 EO 4 04 24 44 64 84 BA C4 EA 5 08 28 48 68 88 A8 C8 E8 6 OC 2C 4C GC BC AC cc EC 7 10 30 50 70 90 BO DO FO 8 14 34 54 74 94 B4 D4 FA 9 18 38 58 78 98 B8 D8 F8 10 1C 3c 5C 7C 9c BC DC FC 1 To change port addresses first decide which group you wish to use and Jumper area G as per the I O Port Address Groups Chart If you wish to chose an address within Group I jumper area G will not have to be changed unless the jumpers have been cut If you wish to choose an address from Groups II VIII first cut the standard jumpers in area G and rejumper as per chart G 2 Once the group address has been jumpered the actual serial and parallel port addresse
12. not have to connect lines 2 and 5 Since most Vector Graphic software makes use of the acknowledgement signals emulating the Diablo protocol you should connect these two lines when using a Vector Graphic computer With at least the Qume you can use a 3 wire cable connecting only lines 2 3 and 7 if you connect pins 5 6 and 8 to pin 20 at the back of the printer Note that some models of these printers have female sockets in their rear in which case you will have to configure a cable with male connectors at both ends 3 TI 810 Receive Only Printer Rev 1 B 6 11 80 2 13 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer 1200 baud or less Use a 25 wire ribbon cable with male DB 25 connectors at both ends TI 810 has a female connector at its rear as does the ZCB Serial I O cable On both ends of this male to male cable pin 1 is the upper left hand pin when looking toward the connector s pins and holding the connector so that the longer row of pins is on top Alternately you can create a 2 wire cable connecting lines 3 and 7 straight through and using a male DB 25 at both ends as described above In addition you MUST solder a jumper between pins 6 8 and 9 at the printer end of the cable in order to enable the printer The printer provides 12 VDC on line 9 and requires 12 VDC on lines 6 and 8 2400 baud or more Since the TI 810 printer can print no faster than 150 characters per second which corresponds to 1500 baud transm
13. the absolute address desired This memory disable feature will work with whatever EPROM type is chosen except that the interval disabled will be 2K if the board has been configured for 2716 s and 4K if the board has been set up for 2732 s Rev 1 B 6 11 80 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer 2 3 3 2716 EPROM Addressing To use 2716 s in the ZCB follow the procedure outlined below 1 Consult the 2716 Base Address Chart below This shows the base addresses allowable with 2716 s 2716 Base Address Chart Addresses Area H Jumpers Area I Jumpers Area J Jumpers 0000H 3FFFH 1 2 2 5 3 9 8 4 7 3 6 2 3 4 6 7 40005 7FFEH 1 2 2 4 3 9 8 4 7 3 6 2 3 4 6 7 8000H BFFFH 1 2 2 5 3 8 8 4 7 3 6 2 3 4 6 7 COOOH FFFFH 1 2 2 4 3 8 8 4 7 3 6 2 3 4 6 7 2 With the base address chosen Jumper area H I and J as per chart and cut away old jumpers as necessary 3 Subtract the base address from the absolute address desired to determine the relative address Consult the 2K colum of the Relative Address Chart to find the appropriate Area F pad number 4 Consult the Area F EPROM RAM Socket Pad Chart to find the second pad number 5 Solder jumper s as required 6 Cut away any previous jumpers as necessary For example let us say that we wish to use 3 2716 s on our ZCB board and want to use an auxiliary disk controller with our system We want to address U20 at A000H U21 at BOOOH and U22 at B800H The 1K of on board RAM will be addressed at 9800H
14. 00 1BFF 3000 37FF 6000 6FFF 7 1C00 1FFF 3800 3FFF 7000 7FFF Rev 1 B 6 11 80 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer Area F EPROM RAM Socket Pad Chart Pad 1 connects EPROM 0 U20 to its address Pad 6 connects EPRCM 1 U21 to its address Pad 2 connects EPROM 2 U22 to its address Pad 3 connects RAM U24 25 to its address If you want to use 2708 s and change memory locations outside of the standard block EOOOH FFFFH use the following procedure 1 Determine which 8K memory block you want to use from the 2708 Base Address Chart below 2 Rejumper Area H as specified and cut away any pre existing jumpers as necessary 3 Use the Relative Address Chart above to determine the actual EPROM RAM pad assignments within Jumper Area F as described in the last section 4 Solder Area F jumpers as required 5 Cut away any pre existing jumpers as necessary 2708 Base Address Chart Addresses Area H Jumpers Area I Jumpers Area J Jumpers 0000H 1FFFH 1 7 2 5 3 9 No change No change 2000H 3FFFH 1 6 2 5 3 9 Std 3 6 4 7 5 8 Std 2 4 5 7 4000H 5FFFH 1 7 2 4 3 9 6000H 7FFFH 1 6 2 4 3 9 8000H 9FFFH 1 7 2 5 3 8 AOOOH BFFFH 1 6 2 5 3 8 COOOH DFFFH 1 7 2 4 3 8 EOOOH FFFFH 1 6 2 4 3 8 Standard Area H Jumpering 2 3 2 Auxiliary Memory Disable If you want to disable 1 or 2 1 K increments of main memory perhaps to use an auxiliary disk controller or video board jumper pad 4 and or 5 of jumper area F to the pad representing
15. 2 clock signal is generated to maintain compatability with S 100 equipment designed to be used with the 8080 The clocks block also supplies the base signals 2MCLK and SERCLK which are divided down to supply all RS 232 baud rates The PROCESSOR block sheet 1 is the heart or more properly the brain of the entire microcomputer system It regulates all processes addressing inputs and outputs On board all address and data signals are sent over MOS level data and address buses All off board addressing and data communication is done via the S 100 interface block S 100 INTERFACE block and the CONTROL SIGNAL BUFFERS block sheet 8 consist of a number of gates which take processor signals and convert them to system signals That is many of the signals required by the system are not generated directly from the 2 80 The signals required by the system that are not available directly are synthesized by the ZCB board The Rev 1 B 6 11 80 3 1 342 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer reason why there is such a disparity between the signals required vs the signals available are evident when you consider that the S 100 bus was evolved around a system based on the 8080 microprocessor using static memory Our system is based upon the faster more versatile 2 80 using dynamic memory However the signals required are easily provided for The I O CONTROL block sheet 6 consist of decoders and flip flops which do two separate things The flip flops d
16. B does replace 3 boards in a typical system it is not a complete stand alone microcomputer on one board A terminal device of some sort is needed as well as additional RAM memory for most applications The ZCB could bowever be used as a complete microcomputer in many process control applications In this case preprogrammed PROMs up to 12K bytes worth could be used on a ZCB board that was equipped with a power supply Sense data could arrive by an input parallel port be processed by the CPU section of the board and any data output control signals for instance could be communicated to the equipment via tbe output parallel port The data input and a summary of actions taken could be communicated to a central data processing location by the serial port Thus the ZCB might be used as an intellegent node on a complete process control system which could decide and provide output immediately and provide information to a higher level data processing system The ZCB as part of a system In most applications however the ZCB will be used a part of a complete Vector Graphic microcomputer system Since 3 boards are replaced by one significant cost savings are realized It also reduces the physical size of the overall computer that it is used with by freeing up two S 100 slots Demands on the power supply are also reduced thereby lightening the load on the complete system The ZCB combines the most used features of 3 boards CPU board PROM RAM boa
17. Baud rates format handshaking and whether communication is asynchronous or synchronous is specified through software and in some cases hardware modifications 1 2 Rev 1 B 6 11 80 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer It is not within the scope of this manual to detail the functioning of the 8251 USART chip nor to teach the theory of serial communication In order to write your own communications software or to modify the ZCB serial port you will need to be thoroughly familiar with this chip You can refer to Intel s Application Note 16 entitled Using The 8251 Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter which Intel will provide This Note is also an excellent reference on basic communications theory More readily available references on the 8251 but ones that have less to say about communication theory are the INTEL 8080 Microcomputer Systems User s Manual available either from Intel or most computer retail stores and Adam Osborne s An Introduction to Microcomputers Volume II Some Real Products also available in many computer stores 1 5 2 Serial asynchronous communication You can select the rate of transmission and reception from a choice of 110 150 300 600 1200 2400 4800 or 9600 bits second You choose the rate using a small DIP switch on the board If you are writing custom software there is also a simple way to divide the chosen rate of a port by 4 allowing some software control of the rate withou
18. Cmm ZCB SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER Revision 1 USER S MANUAL Revision B June 11 1980 Copyright 1980 Vector Graphic Inc 7200 0203 03 02 Copyright 1980 by Vector Graphic Inc All rights reserved Disclaimer Vector Graphic makes no representations or warranties with respect to the contents of this manual itself whether or not the product it describes is covered by a warranty or repair agreement Further Vector Graphic reserves the right to revise this publication and to make changes from time to time in the content hereof without obligation of Vector Graphic to notify any person of such revision or changes except when an agreement to the contrary exists Revisions The date and revision of each page herein appears at the bottom of each page The revision letter such as A or B changes if the MANUAL has been improved but the PRODUCT itself has not been significantly modified The date and revision on the Title Page corresponds to that of the page most recently revised When the product itself is modified significantly the product will get a new revision number as shown on the manual s title page and the manual will revert to revision A as if it were treating a brand new PD EACH MANUAL SHOULD ONLY BE USED WITH THE PRODUCT IDENTIFIED ON THE ITLE PAGE Rev 1 B 6 11 80 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer REPAIR AGREEMENT The ZCB Single Board Computer sold hereunder is sold as is with all faults and without any warran
19. OMs are the easiest type of PROM to chose they are the factory standard and the board is prejumpered to use them The standard jumpering of the ZCB provides for the Vector Graphic 4 0 Monitor addressed at E000H The board is prejumpered to use 2708 s at the following memory addresses PRO 1 U20 EOOOH E3FEH PROM 2 U21 EA400B ET7FFH PROM 3 U22 ECOOH EFFFH RAM U24 25 FCOOH FFFFH The span between FOOOH and FBFFH is taken up in the standard Vector System by the Flashwriter II board and the Disk Controller board There is a 1K gap in memory from E800H to EBFFH if standard jumpering is used If you want to change EPROM RAM memory addresses within the memory address block E000H to FFFFH use the following procedure 1 Subtract E000H from tbe desired PROM or RAM base address 2 Consult the 1K column of the Relative Address Chart below to determine the jumper area F pad number which corresponds to the result obtained in step l 3 Consult the Area F EPROM RAM Socket Pad Chart to determine the pad number of the particular socket you wish to change 4 Solder a jumper between the two pads 5 Cut away any pre existing jumpers as necessary Relative Address Chart Increment IK 2K 4K Area F Pad No all addresses in hex 14 0000 03FF 0000 07FF 0000 0FFF 13 0400 07FF 0800 0FFF 1000 1FFF 12 0800 0BFF 1000 17FF 2000 2FFF 11 OCOO OFFF 1800 1FFF 3000 3FFF 10 1000 13FF 2000 27FF 4000 4FFF 9 1400 17FF 2800 2FFF 5000 5FFF 8 18
20. UAL UPDATE Manual ZCB Revision Rev 1 B Date of Manual 6 11 80 Date of Update 2 27 81 Please make the following additions corrections to the above named mamual Section 2 4 8 Connecting the Sprint 3 to the ZCB 1 Plug the interface card into the 34 pin parallel I O connector on the ZCB so that the bulk of the interface card is towards the solder side of the ZCB board In the MZ it will aim towards the rear in the Vector 3 it will aim towards the front Eee Section 2 4 9 Connecting the MP to the ZCB 1 Plug the interface card into the 34 pin parallel 1 0 connector on the ZCB so that the bulk of the interface card is towards the solder side of the ZCB board In the MZ it will aim towards the rear in the Vector 3 it will aim towards the front Section 2 3 EPROM RAM Section Add the following paragraph at the bottom of the page CAUTION Changing the EPROMs from the factory standard configuration involves rewiring the socket power lines If these revisions are not made it is likely that any chip erronously inserted in the EPROM sockets will be destroyed Add the following to the Appendix Section IV Current ZCB boards are configured to take a 2K 2716 type PROM at U20 E000H a 1K 2708 type PROM at U21 E800H and a 1K 2708 type PROM at U22 ECOOH Special Note on Reconfiguring Socket 20 Note on page 5 of the ZCB schematic that pad 7 of jumper area J is connected to pad 5 of the same area This connection i
21. a Notice that the names of the lines are more meaningful if you look at them from the point of view of a terminal at the other end of the line that is from the point of view of the Data Terminal Equipment DTE According to RS 232C Data Terminal Equipment transmits on the Transmitted Data line and receives on the Received Data line The ZCB board is wired to behave as if it were Data Communications Equipment This is reasonable because the board is most commonly connected to printers CRT s and other kinds of Data Terminal Equipment This explains why RS 232C line 2 Transmitted Data is connected to the 8251 RxD Receive Data line and why line 3 Received Data is connected to the 8251 TxD Transmit Data line in the factory configuration I you want to connect the board to a modem that is you want the board to behave like Data Terminal Equipment you have to reverse lines 2 and 3 somewhere The result would be that RS 232C Transmitted Data is connected to the 8251 TxD pin and RS 232C Received Data is connected to the 8251 RxD pin which is exactly the way Data Terminal Equipment should behave To send handshaking signals Data Communication Equipment connected to the board may require a 12 VDC on some other line most often line 4 or line 20 Similarly a piece of Data Terminal Equipment connected to the board may require 12 VDC on some line other than 5 or 6 thouch this is rare You can supply 12 VDC as a constant enablin
22. at A Ald ia MAN 3 MAID E MALH is MAIS Ic REVISION a 18 20 4 4 qTA8 SEI aT a 7 to mdg SE dap ga Yon lt a is Ol am gt 3 AD gt p l pi l o Drag 2 3 pa lz SC gor an DI3 237 4 3 MD 3 257 LAIS Si wu BTL AER GER ory 97 D 2 eua SEN d 15 Vi SEERY x ars Fa Sa b lt DOG ds abs Eti a O Nha O 2 14 DITAD a AT 205772227 2 1 supa 548 a7 3 RD RAM PA f TER TULENY REVISION A 1 16 80 SHEET 2 9 DATA Bus Cox T AGE mag Bai m max Gan mar 57 mar sm mas 34 mae 347 may GA maa GAN may ED map 4 mai GE man Gu MAIZ sap mau GU mals G fy 74 802 out suda In P swa 3 EES a ADSB ADDRESS BUFFER CONTROL fe 74 LS o4 lt of Ge 45V REVISION X 7 18 80 3 74L8 LIY y Y it D 61 19 8 8 7418244 2 C14 7 4 TCa lf ay Le Ya 141 514 ub ol NER fs 2071 gt ROT Cat ai 549 dne ES Letz EE ig Be ar Fl ve E zg g13 HIKA RESET T 4 10 J67USIY heus So E PRESET d cis c oy DN qunm PRU C ALE AVD mazg Gol 2 3 2415 04 fa 140 S20 Lo y THLE TH BAIS SHA ab H n Kee 9 Gwo l UT 4 a O O A 13 3 Det M yet soi RAIH S43 a 2 n fe 1451 Ta cd y Es Ban 573 Ye 742892 aa a 2 e y PS Y Q lt e SR Q AY lan i d TU SOF fy 74 509 EN Pi 4 fy TU 890 E X HAMTOM ig TE SV PHANT E RY
23. available The following RS 232 data and handshaking are available at the serial I O connector Pin Number 2 3 4 6 fa 9 10 2 3 4 J 2 N C GND PC2 PC3 PCO PC5 PCA PC7 PC6 2 10 DB 25 Equivalent JU i DN ND W 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 5 6 7 8 RS 232 Designation RxD TxD DIR DSR RIS CTS GND Direction Ou In In Ou In Ou NA t t t Parallel I O Connector Pinout Chart N C N C PAO N C PA2 PAL PA4 PA3 PA6 PAS 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 N C PA7 N C N C PBL PBO PB3 PB2 PB5 PB4 31 32 33 34 PB7 PB6 N C 5V Serial I O Connector Pinout Chart 22 C C bg 9 10 11 12 N C GND DSR CIS 13 14 15 16 RTS RxD TxD N C Name Transmitted Data Received Data Data Terminal Ready Data Set Ready Request to Send Clear to Send Ground Rev 1 B 6 11 80 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer 2 4 3 Asynchronous serial baud rate selection You select the desired baud rate through a combination of hardware switches and software If you are using the standard operating systems and Extended Systems Monitors for Vector Graphic Systems however you need only be concerned with the hardware switches The hardware switch is located in the upper left hand comer of the board It is labeled Baud Rate Select The switch contains eight rockers labe
24. d at the other end there must be a device of the type Data Terminal Equipment or DTE for short The direction of the signal on a given line can be determined once you decide which end of your cable has which kind of device The terms Data Communication Equipment and Data Terminal Equipment derive 1 4 Rev l B 6 11 80 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer from the original purpose for RS 232C to connect a terminal with a communication device such as a modem A computer does not have to be involved at all Since a computer can either play the part of a terminal when connected to a modem or it can play the part of communication equipment when connected to a terminal a computer serial port can be used either as DCE or DTE However a given serial port can only be wired up as one or the other at any one time If the port happens to be wired up to look like DCE and you want to connect it to another DCE such as a modem then the RS 232C connection will not work Both ends would be transmitting on the same lines and receiving on the same lines Before the RS 232C connection can be made in this case you must rewire the computer s serial port so that it receives and transmits on the lines specified for DTE 1 5 5 RS 232C on the ZCB To enable the serial port to communicate over an RS 232C te you will connect one end of this line to the serial port socket on the ZCB board and the other end having an RS 232C standard DB 25 female connector
25. e system such as a front panel Options if MWRITE generation is not wanted cut the jumper in area D 2 2 3 Automatic WAIT state disable enable 2 3 Jumper area N Connections as manufactured pads 1 and 2 are jumpered wait on M1 Function When enabled this options permits the automatic generation of WAIT states according to the following When pads l and 3 of jumper area N are jumpered no automatic wait states are enabled When pads 1 and 2 are jumpered an automatic wait state is inserted only after the M1 machine cycle If no pads are jumpered one automatic wait state is inserted on every bus cycle Options To insert one wait state after every bus cycle cut the jumper between pads 1 and 2 To disable wait state generation by the ZCB board cut the jumper between pads 1 and 2 and install a jumper between pads 1 and 3 EPROM RAM SECTION The Vector Graphic ZCB Single Board Computer presents the user with unprecedented flexibility in EPROM type choice and address selection You can choose from 2708 2716 or 2732 type EPROMs giving the user from 3K to 12K bytes of EPROM on the single board The EPROM type chosen directly determines the addressing scheme used See the appropriate section below for the EPROM type you have chosen See appendix section for important imformation regarding PROM addressing on current ZCB boards 2 2 Rev l B 6 11 80 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer 2 3 1 2708 EPROM Addressing 2708 type EPR
26. eceiver circuit to one of the 8251 input pins For reference 1488 1489 a quad line driver a quad line receiver There is one spare receiver circuit and one spare driver circuit on the board The RS 232C input to the spare receiver is U16 pin 13 and its output is Ul6 pin 11 The input to the spare driver is Ul5 pin 2 and its RS 232C output is U22 pin 3 Wire your jumpers directly to these pins when required 2 4 7 Using the parallel ports As shown in the introductory I O section Parallel Port A is I O address x8 usually 08 Parallel Port B is I O address x9 usually 09 Parallel Port C is xA usually 0A and the address of the Control Status Register is xB usually 0B These ports can be used as is without jumpering You can interface to the 34 pin connector Jl at the top of the board using the ZCB Parallel I O cable supplied by Vector Graphic This cable comes with no connector at the far end enabling customization 2 18 Rev 1 B 6 11 80 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer The J1 34 pin connector is numbered beginning with the front left hand pin as number 1 The back left hand pin is number 2 3 and 4 are the next two pins to the right and so on with odd pin numbers in the front and even pin numbers in the back The connector cable is set up so that the lines are numbered 1 to 34 from left to right The functional definition of each line is as follows Parallel 1 0 Connector Pinout Chart 1 N C 11 N C 21 N C
27. g signal by connecting the desired RS 232C line s to 12 VDC through a pull up resistor Alternately you can allow your software to control the 12 VDC enabling signal s if desired The 8251 has two pins that can be controlled by software They are pin 23 RTS and pin 24 DTR Software controls the status of these pins by outputting a command instruction byte to the 8251 as described in the 8251 references mentioned in the Perspective section of this manual Note that by sending a binary 1 to one of these status lines the line is turned ON which is converted by the RS 232C line driver into 12 VDC To receive handshaking signals Data Communications Equipment connected to the board may send 12 VDC handshaking signals on one or more lines most often RS 232C lines 5 and or 6 Similarly Data Terminal Equipment connected to the board may send 12 VDC on one or more lines most often RS 232C lines A and or 20 You do not have to monitor these lines necessarily If you choose to you can read them through software control The hardwired line drivers and receivers are already in place The 8251 has two pins that can be used to receive handshaking signals pin 17 CTS and pin 22 DSR Software can monitor the status of DSR by monitoring the appropriate bit in the 8251 status byte The RS 232C line receiver causes 12 VDC to make this bit a binary 1 ON Software can also monitor the CTS status Rather if the input to CTS is OFF the 8251 wil
28. h the DB 255 connector to the rear panel of the computer with the hardware provided 4 Label the connector MP Signal Connector 2 9 Spare chips and patch areas Socket U26 is large enough for a 14 pin DIP None of the holes are connected to anything on the board with the exception of GND and 5V There are a number of unused gates on the ZCB board which you may find useful to use 3 tri state 8097 buffers are available U35 in pin 12 out pin 11 controlled by U28 13 U36 in pin 14 out pin 13 controlled by CDSB U45 in pin 2 out pin 3 controlled by GND 1 three input 74LS10 NAND gate U9 in pins 1 2 13 out pin 12 1 74504 inverter U7 in pin 3 out pin 4 2 741504 inverters Ul4 in pin 13 out pin 12 U43 in pin 1 out pin 2 3 two input 74LS00 NAND gates Ul7 in pins 10 9 out pin 8 Ul7 in pins 13 12 out pin 11 U42 in pins 4 5 out pin 6 l RS 232 level driver DS1488 ul5 in pin 2 out pin 3 l RS 232 level receiver DS1489 Ul6 in pin 13 out pin ll control pin 12 2 20 Rev 1 B 6 11 80 3 1 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer III THEORY OF OPERATION System Operation Block Diagram Since the ZCB combines the circuitry normally found on three different S 100 boards its operation is somewhat complex In order to make the theory of operation a bit easier to follow we are first including a block diagram of the major circuit areas of the ZCB to get an idea of the overall system operation This explanation
29. hat can accept signals at either 300 or 1200 baud In this case you would create the software so that the operator s input determines whether the 8251 is initialized with a clock rate factor of 64 or 16 respectively Remember if you are using standard Vector Graphic software do not worry about this software option You simply set the baud rate for a desired serial channel by setting the baud rate select switch on the ZCB II board 2 4 4 How to connect most RS 232C serial terminals and printers To connect the serial channel to an external peripheral plug the male 16 pin connector of the ZCB serial I O cable into the 16 pin socket of the desired serial channel on the upper right side of the board Then in most cases connect the DB 25 socket at the end of this cable to the peripheral using a 25 wire flat ribbon cable Details and exceptions are as follows Rev 1 B 6 11 80 gt 2 11 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer Always insert the connector so that the ribbon cable emerges toward the top of the board You can double check this by checking that the 1 on the connector corresponds with the 1 printed on the board next to the socket Then install the DB 25 at the other end of the cable into one of the available sockets at the rear of the computer or wherever convenient The board comes with one serial I O cable Many RS 232C serial terminals and printers particularly those working at 1200 baud or less require none of the RS
30. hour and 18 00 per hour for every hour of work required thereafter Prior to commencing any repair replacement or correction of defects in material or workmanship discovered after expiration of the period for no cost to Buyer repairs VECTOR GRAPHIC INC will submit to Buyer a written estimate of the expected charges and VECTOR GRAPHIC INC will not commence repair until such time as the written estimate of charges has been returned by Buyer to VECTOR GRAPHIC INC signed by duly authorized representative authorizing VECTOR GRAPHIC INC to commence with the repair work involved VECTOR GRAPHIC INC shall have no obligation to repair replace or correct any ZCB Single Board Computer until the written estimate has been returned with approval to proceed and VECTOR GRAPHIC INC may at its option also require prepayment of the estimated repair charges prior to commencing work Repair Agreement void if the enclosed card is not returned to VECTOR GRAPHIC INC within ten 10 days of end consumer purchase Rev 1 B 6 11 80 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer FOREWORD Audience Scope Organization Rev 1 B 6 11 80 This manual is intended for computer distributors or others with at least a moderate technical knowledge of small computers It will describe what the Vector Graphic ZCB Single Board Computer does in the context of a computer system how to use the board both in Vector Graphic and in other S 100 systems and
31. how the board circuitry works Each section is written at a uniform level of technical depth Perspective describes WHAT the board does and requires only a moderate knowledge of computer design User s Guide describes HOW to make it do things and assumes the same level of knowledge plus the ability to solder jumpers and flip switches Theory of Operation discusses WHY the board works and assumes a knowledge of digital electronics Vector ZCB Single Board Computer Section II Rev TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Table of Contents Specifications Perspective 1 1 The ZCB as a SyStOMooranocaconannoaanona aesensoonanssesesselZl 1 2 The ZCB as part of a system swsaunsanansasssonaessassoaonsaalml 1 3 CPU section canoso A dl 1 4 EPROM RAM SECTION a vanse ad aae n n an enano aaenese ae E 1 5 T O SECH LON s esascs ex o REB ER XE We Cs AG ARR E 1 5 1 Serial Ports Generally PRET RR E 1 5 2 Serial Asynchronous Communications vas ger Ease 1 5 3 Serial Synchronous COmmuniCatiODSa sesesesssessasenss 1 3 1 5 4 RS 232C Theory enc cornasacnanossona is E 1 5 5 RS 232C on the ZOB ede aa ava n RI UR w win aa NB 1 5 6 Parallel Ports Gees ee oa o sb User s Guide 2 1 IntroductiON oo noso Soe e e EE ek 2 1 1 Standard Jumpering and what it does 2 1 2 2 CPU SeCtiOl cs a ws d a me vo te Bra V aa 2 2 1 Running the system at 2 or 4 MHZ 2 1 2 2 2 MWRITE enable disable
32. ice cm CU jcie asvi y Ni VR4 780s tw eut c com lt lt gt cal CA 22 1 24 ss 4 7d 78 2 VRI tr DUT lt com tica q 25Y 4 asv 707 VEL I MT cow lt hsv 734 VRS ha aiT lt Lee C 524 lt s Yasy ti vAsy REVISION A ci ciB cl caa kas leas aj c22 Wi 4 4 af E y ao Cad tA TY SV WEN GND SHHO HE ESATYA UWDICIESRE L OVJIK Ni SINWA WOLISVEYS YE favuvg e x von jo ww w vos yz o 6 ow 88 66 1122104 ELLE e Cessooen aswe Joseseeo s w w ee 2 eel ALT 979500U LASSE ES ves tese COLT Ws kd rem CS ewe eS ves b e e s e 0600069005 E m w entre 00099008 Pt 090090066906600 600060 58985806 N we Te L RER AR 1 066066046 e o ue Weer 31vu Give w MALA OA 65096395 vou u 9MiRvug ATEMISEY CUY u3indNOJ 082 UD II WA J9Y FE 3XVVISJK SVMI103 VIA er BFISYWENY 29 ULLA y MA 9096060095006 6060900666 E e e e ooo LA PS PRES TRE H e voseveeosesoysn 69000090 9 5655659090965 See gt o x 0 n e lt s LARARLS 005144 e 823 sen Ed INI 9IHdVHD YOLIN LALA KARA KAKA 9006006066060660 vo ow 6066060060606060 S pod 099000099090 87 CES Dni a Y S had CTD s s atti EELER pen a gee ba 3 Ka FTELD MAN
33. ily to an 8080 bus structure and the control signals RD C D CS and WR are derived easily from the ZCB internal control bus Since the device was intended to be used with a bi directional data bus EIA RS 232C line drivers and receivers interface the RxD and TxD output of the 8251 to the outside world Rev 1 B 6 11 80 3 3 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer IV APPENDIX AND SCHEMATICS APPENDIX A change has been made in the ZCB PROM socket addressing as the boards are currently being shipped The third socket U22 has been reconfigured to accept an 8316E302 type 2K ROM chip addressed at E000H Sockets U20 and U21 remain configured for 2708 s at E800H and ECOOH respectively Rev 1 B 6 11 80 4 1 palman e F T A FEN a 2 1W0 vd rigs ER ES ind diss i i od rq SQ asar es t NE Gad asa ap S T Jre P qay cas AL e DIP vd ED Y cy Y e HS lad L i THS ETS SAL BIVNIIANA L 334408 wow Ryo KE WU vd rivQ E ss gt 4 der o o s A BE Bus 354 FLAN gt WOLAKH d lt 4 leJLWEL how St i ool S 35399 Sra MRS 27S seg soraa qY Som 29 1395328 4907 MS A2072 42079 105573644 13s gt dd T ate SAPS DO j 770 2 T ENDE 772072 EP WWt Qusng egi Aen Gwd A15 Ad AS Ge 4 WAIT 5 3 A WALT D DI ZA S T PRESSOR DY Ds D6 NMI p HALT P BUSAK IRD BUSRQ R SHE are ake RESET PRESSOR i SHEET WA 9 t
34. ined groups of 32 addresses each This is done by changing the jumpers in one or two jumper areas if addresses other than the factory chosen standard are desired The port addresses for the one serial and three parallel ports are selected in such a manner as to coordinate with software that is being used The hardwired jumpers on the I O section of the ZCB board must match those specified in software For this reason the preconfigured port addresses that is those addresses already set at the Vector Graphic plant match the port addresses called for in our standard software Four port addresses are reserved for the one serial port The serial port addresses are preset for data 04H echoed on 06H and control 05H echoed on 7H The second pair of data and control ports simply duplicate the information on the first pair Four port addresses are also used for the three parallel ports They are designated Ports A 08H B 09H and C OAH while the fourth port address designates the control port or Control Status Register 0BH They can be configured as three 8 bit input or output ports or two 8 bit and two 4 bit input or output ports Setting the addresses for the serial and parallel ports first involves Rev l B 6 11 80 2 7 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer selecting the port addresses desired For standard use in Vector Graphic Microcomputer Systems the default addresses are adequate For more involved systems it may be necessary to
35. ion attached to the information by the communication device such as an 8251 In addition to the transmit and receive data lines there are ground lines lines 1 and 7 and there are handshaking lines that are used by communication terminal and computer equipment to inform each other of their status lines 4 5 6 8 20 22 and a few others that are rarely used The full RS 232C protocol also specifies a set of rarely used secondary lines which have the same definitions as some of the primary lines but carry an independent set of signals Altogether there are 25 RS 232C lines defined but most applications use only a few of them In the real world very few devices require full RS 232C protocol In fact very few devices even require all of the handshaking lines mentioned above Many require one or even none Further many devices use handshaking lines differently than defined by RS 232C violating the protocol In short it is confusing at this time to say that a given device requires full RS 232C You must specify exactly what signals it sends and expects to receive on each line It is important to understand that most of the RS 232C lines are directional that is the protocol specifies which direction the signal travels on each line relative to the ends of the cable Therefore the protocol specifies that at one end of an RS 232C cable there must be a device of the type called Data Communications Equipment or DCE for short an
36. itting at a rate of 2400 baud is too fast for the printer using the cable connection described above However the TI 810 can receive at up to 9600 baud This is feasible if the computer monitors line 11 coming from the printer The printer pulls line 11 down to 12 VDC when it cannot accept any more characters and otherwise holds line ll at 12 VDC Line ll is called printer busy status Since incoming line 4 on the ZCB board is connected to RTS connect RS 232C line 11 to line 4 at the computer connector or the printer connector What the above accomplishes is to connect the printer busy status line to the CTS input of the 8251 so that when the printer signals it cannot accept more characters CTS is pulled up which disables the 8251 transmit circuit which in turn prevents software from sending characters to the 8251 This assumes the software polls the 8251 TxRDY status bit or is interrupt driven by the TxRDY line The former is true for all serial printer drivers from Vector Graphic at the time of this writing Note When the computer is sending a great deal of data to the TI 810 directly from memory without any pauses at all even 1200 baud is too fast The result will be occasional loss of a line of output This will not happen with most business software or program assembly because there are many pauses for disk access and or calculation It may happen however when printing editor or word processor text directly from memory If you expec
37. ivide down the clock frequency to provide the apporpriate PCIK signals to the 8251 serial I O chip to control the RS 232 baud rate The decoding circuitry is used to tell when the parallel and serial I O portions of the board have been selected by the appropriate combination of address line and MREO signals The SERIAL PARALLEL I O block sheet 7 contains the most ladvanced technology of the system An 8251 chip provides the RS 232 serial I O and handshaking signals through line drivers and receivers which convert TTL level signals to RS 232 level signals An 8255 chip provides three 8 bit parallel input or output ports There is also a control status register The 8255 is programmable and the output lines can be configured in 16 different combinations and that s only in the first mode there are three The S 100 DATA TRANSCEIVER block sheet 2 consists of a series of data in and data out tri state buffers which feed into or are fed from the MOS on board data bus They convert the MOS level signals used on the on board data bus to TTL level signals used on the S 100 bus The MOS and TTL signals are similar with respect to voltage but the TTL lines have more drive capability The S 100 ADDRESS BUFFER block sheet 3 is similar to the data transceiver block but simpler since they only have to be unidirectional from the processor onto the S 100 bus rather than bidirectional All address lines are buffered by 7418244 tri state buffers In addi
38. l not transmit Rev 1 B 6 11 80 2 17 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer anything Software can tell that the 8251 is ready to transmit by monitoring the TxRDY bit in the status byte or by being interrupted by the TxRDY 8251 output pin 15 For information on the 8251 status byte refer to one of the 8251 references mentioned in the Perspective section of this manual Remember that if you are connecting a serial port to a modem or other Data Communications Equipment and you are not using the Null Modem Cable you should disconnect RS 232C lines 5 and 6 from the 12 VDC source on the board unless you are positive it poses no danger to the Data Communications Equipment If you ARE using a Null Modem Cable the 12 VDC signals are routed to RS 232C lines 4 20 and 19 respectively on which the Data Communications Equipment CAN receive 12 VDC without harm Therefore when using a Null Modem Cable you do not have to disconnect a line from 12 VDC unless you want to control the status of that line from software To control an RS 232C handshaking line from software it must pass from an 8251 output pin to the input of one of the driver circuits in a 1488 quad line driver It must then pass from the output of this 1488 driver circuit to the RS 232C line To respond to an incoming RS 232C handshaking line it must pass to the input of one of the receiver circuits in a 1489 quad line receiver It must then pass from the output of this 1489 r
39. led 1 to 8 and also labeled 9600 4800 2400 1200 600 300 150 and 110 The switch is in addition labeled OPEN on the left side To select one of the labeled baud rates press the desired rocker down on the right side i e on the side opposite the OPEN designation Then press all other rockers down on the left side i e toward the OPEN designation The result must be that one rocker is down toward the right and all others are down toward the left Otherwise none of the serial channels will not work at all If you are not using the serial channel switch them to the OPEN position The labeled baud rates assume that the corresponding 8251 will be initialized for a clock factor of 16 It creates the baud rate by dividing the clock input by 16 This initialization is handled in software as described in the 8251 references given in Perspective All standard Vector Graphic software unless otherwise documented use a clock factor of 16 and therefore the labeled baud rates are correct However custom software can use a clock factor of 64 If this is the case the actual baud rate will be 1 4 of the baud rate selected on the switch The only two asynchronous clock factors allowed by the 8251 s are 16 and 64 Further it may be desired to create software which allows the operator to choose between two baud rates that differ by a factor of 4 For example the software may be designed in conjunction with a modem t
40. liminates the need for the extra wires in your external cable though it is a less elegant solution The following describes the external cabling required by three commonly used peripherals In each case we are referring to the serial interface version of the peripheral In each case do not forget to set the serial port on the ZCB board to the same baud rate that your are setting the printer 1 Hazeltine 1400 Video Display Terminal or equivalent Use a 25 wire ribbon cable Alternately create a 3 wire cable connecting lines 2 3 and 7 straight through Ignore the instruction in the Hazeltine 1400 Video Display Terminal Reference Manual May 1978 in Section 5 5 which direct you to cross lines 2 and 3 if connecting directly to a computer That instruction assumes you are connecting to a computer channel configured as Data Terminal Equipment Also ignore the instruction to connect line 1 and ignore the absence of an instruction to connect line 7 Other Hazeltine terminals are usually connected in the same way 2 Diablo 1610 or 1620 printers NEC Spinwriter with Diablo protocol Qume Sprint 5 or DataProducts letter quality printer with Diablo protocol Use a 25 wire ribbon cable Alternately you can create a 6 wire cable connecting lines 2 3 5 6 7 and 8 straight through However if you are not using the ASCII acknowledgement signals sent by these printers and you are not using a keyboard built into the printer you do
41. ly three lines Connect one end of the cable to the DB 25 of the ZCB Serial I O cable and the other end to the modem or coupler We strongly suggest that you do not modify the ZCB board itself or the ZCB Serial I O cable in order to cross lines 2 and 3 By modifying or adapting the external cabling instead the computer itself remains standard and the serial ports can easily be used for connecting to a terminal or other kind of peripheral if ever required 2 4 6 Connecting additional RS 232C handshaking lines I you are using a terminal which requires handshaking over and above the 12 VDC supplied on lines 5 and 6 or if you are using a modem or coupler which requires any handshaking at all that is requires more than a three line connection lines 2 3 and 7 then continue reading this section The following table lists all 25 RS 232C lines by name number and source and indicates what subset of these are connected to the ZCB board via the ZCB Serial I O cable For this subset the table specifies each line s pin number on the 16 pin socket connected to the end of the ZCB Serial I O cable The table also lists those lines which are connected to components or jumper pads in the factory configuration of the board and what they are connected to Ul6 13 means it is connected to pin 13 of Ul6 GND indicates the line is connnected to Ground in the factory configuration Rev 1 B 6 11 80 2 15 RS 232C name Source Protective Gro
42. med for input output or in the case of Port C control 16 different combinations are possible in Mode 0 more are available in Modes 1 and 2 See Intel s 8080 Microcomputer Systems User s Manual for more information on Modes 1 and 2 Additional pins provide 5 VDC and GND Exact pin assignments are given in Table 12 in Section 2 8 Input and output is accomplished using IN put and OUT put machine 1 6 Rev 1 B 6 11 80 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer language instructions within software prepared for specific applications Output is latched on the board so that after an OUT instruction is executed the eight bits of data remain available to the external device until the computer changes it Input is NOT latched so that software must be written to sense in some way that data is available and to input that data There are no interrupt lines connected to the parallel ports Rev 1 B 6 11 80 2 1 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer II USER S GUIDE Introduction The User s Guide explains how the board functions as manufactured and tells bow to change various user selectable options by means of jumpers and switches to fit other than standard requirements The User s Guide is divided into 3 sections to cover the three main areas of board operation CPU section EPROM RAM section and I O section 2 1 1 Standard jumpering and what it does The Vector Graphic ZCB single board computer has been prejumpered at the factory to fit current
43. onnections on ZCB Board in Section 2 4 6 lists the functions of each of these lines Any RS 232C line can be connected to 12 VDC on the board In addition for each port the 8251 can be used to monitor in software any one RS 232C handshaking line and the 8251 can be used to control from software the output of any two RS 232C handshaking lines and lastly the 8251 s transmitter can be disabled or enabled by any one RS 232C incoming Rev 1 B 6 11 80 1 5 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer handshaking line There is one spare RS 232C receiver and one spare RS 232C driver available on the board which can be used to connect one input and one output handshaking line For the large majority of applications no additional RS 232C lines will be required other than those already connected to active components on the ZCB board Thus the serial ports can very often be used as DCE RS 232C input output ports without modification Most serial printers and terminals can be connected with little or no difficulty f To connect to a modem acoustic coupler or other kind of Data Communications Equipment a serial port must be converted into a DIE RS 232C port This can either be done by changing the board wiring slightly or by attaching a Null Modem Cable to the external DB 25 which accomplishes the same thing However if RS 232C handshaking is required other than the lines already connected then additional modifications to the board will be necessar
44. rammed as 3 8 bit Uses an 8255 parallel I O controller chip Any increment of four from 00H to FFH Preset addresses are Port A 08H Port B 09H Port C OAH and the Control Status Register at OBH Output latched input not latched TTL input 1 low power TTL load output drives 1 TTL load 8 lines per channel programmable for input or output 5 VDC and GND are also provided Over 100K bytes second Optional Has 34 pin female connector and 34 line ribbon cable No connector is at the other end allowing user to configure as required Must be ordered separately 1 1 1 2 1 3 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer I PERSPECTIVE The ZCB as a system The Vector Graphic ZCB Single Board Computer provides the capability of a complete computer system on a single board The ZCB contains what you would normally find on a CPU board a PROM RAM board and an I O board all contained on one S 100 bus compatible board The ZCB contains a 2 80A microprocessor 1024 bytes of static RAM memory sockets for up to 12K of PROM one serial I O port and three 8 bit parallel ports Circuitry is provided to support static or dynamic memories All S 100 8080 signals are also generated making the ZCB compatible with 8080 based systems On board power regulation and filtering is provided using IC regulators and heat sinks for power dissipation Input loading on the bus is 1 low power TTL load while output fanout is 10 TTL loads While the ZC
45. rd and Serial Parallel I O board CPU section The Vector Graphic SCH is designed around the powerful 2 80A microprocessor The board is S 100 bus compatible All input and output lines are fully buffered Loading on the bus is no more than one standard TTL load In addition the board has the necessary circuitry to work with Rev 1 B 6 11 80 1 1 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer dynamic memories such as Vector Graphic s 64K memory board Simplicity of design has been stressed to enhance reliability of operation by the use of MSI and LSI integrated circuits 1 4 PROM RAM section The PROM RAM section features 1K of on board RAM memory using 2114 s and up to 12K of PROM ROM or EPROM Note For the purposes of discussion in this manual the terms PROM EPROM and ROM may be used interchangably Their technical distinction makes no difference in how they are used in the ZCB The PROM may be implemented using either 2708 s 2716 s or 2732 s This allows the user maximum flexibility with regard to choice of operating systems languages etc Several jumper options such as jump on power on reset are available Advanced address decoding logic permits a wide range of addressing options 1 5 I O section The I O section of the ZCB single board computer offers three 8 bit parallel ports or ports programmable as input or output and one RS 232C level serial port for interfacing with multiple perpheral devices such as printers modems and terminal
46. s The CPU sends data to the serial and parallel ports via I O addresses The I O addresses used by the board can be changed as a group The board uses eight I O addresses from 00H to FFH You specify the value of the addresses by jumper s as listed in Section 2 4 1 Thus the entire range of 256 possible port addresses may be accessed with the advanced decoding logic built into the Vector Graphic ZCB The ZCB Board does not come with any software for specific applications though Vector Graphic supplies certain items of software that make use of its features The Vector Graphic Extended Systems Monitor 4 0 will work with the board as it comes from the factory without any modification 1 5 1 Serial ports generally Discussion of the serial port centers around the industry standard 8251 USART Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter chip Much of the flexibility of the ZCB board derives from the flexibility of this chip and its parallel counterpart the 8255 both of which can be modified via software You through software can control the rate of serial transmission and the format of the transmitted data Data is transmitted as ASCII code having between 5 and 8 bits per character with an optional added on parity bit choice of even or odd and with one start bit and a choice of one one and a half or two stop bits per character Further using the 8251 the board can handle either asynchronous or synchronous communication
47. s as required in Area F 6 Cut away any pre existing jumpers as necessary Note The 1K of on board RAM will now occupy 4K of address space The first 1K will be populated the remaining 3K blank 2 3 5 Enable on board EPROM on boot Jumper area B Connections as manufactured jumpered Function Optionally causes processor to address the first 3 bytes of EPROM on system start up boot or reset Generally the first 3 bytes of the EPROM are a jump instruction to the fourth byte on the EPROM The board is shipped with this option enabled Options to disable this option cut the jumper between both pads 2 6 Rev 1 B 6 11 80 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer 2 3 6 Phantom enable disable Jumper area C Connections as manufactured jumpered Function Allows generation of phantom on S 100 bus line 67 When enabled phantom disables other system memory boards This is useful when you want to jump to a particular EPROM on system power on reset Options to disable the generation of the phantom signal cut jumper between both pads of jumper area C 2 3 7 Jumper areas K L and M These jumper areas have been included for future expansion The standard jumpers will accomodate all three types of EPROMs 2708 2716 2732 currently in use 2 4 0 I O SECTION 2 4 1 I O Port Addressing The ZCB supports all 256 port addresses possible with the 2 80 CPU However the choice of serial and parallel port addresses must be made from predef
48. s actually made outside the jumper area To cut this connection locate pad 7 of area J on the component side of the board and turn the board over Locate pad 7 on this side of the board and notice that there is a trace which leads from the pad to the large 5V trace at the left This also leads to pad 5 via an indirect route To cut the jumper from pad 7 to pad 5 of jumper area cut this trace Schematic errata on page 5 of the Schematic Area L pad 6 should be labelled pad 7 and pad 7 should be labelled pad 6 Make the same change for area M Area J is correct as it is
49. s can be chosen If you want the serial base address to be X4 and the parallel base address to be X8 then you do not need to change jumper area E unless the jumpers have been previously changed To set the address at other than the standard first cut any pre existing jumpers and jumper as per the Port Address Increments within Groups chart To set the serial port addresses jumper from Pad 1 to the desired address pad To set the parallel port base address jumper from pad 2 to desired address pad 2 8 Rev 1 B 6 11 80 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer 2 4 2 Address mirroring disable enable Jumper area 0 Connections as manufactured function enabled pad 3 connected to pad 2 Function emulates 8080 address mirroring 8 bit I O port address is mirrored on the high address bus during an I O instruction Options To disable address mirroring cut the jumper between pads 3 and 2 and jumper 1 and 2 together This will place the I O device address on the lower half of the address bus and the value of the contents of the accumulator on the upper half of the address bus during a direct I O instruction During indirect I O instructions including block moves the value of the contents of register C is placed on the lower half of the address bus device address while the value of the contents of register B is placed to the upper half of the address bus Rev 1 B 6 11 80 2 9 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer Additional RS 232 handshaking lines
50. s even or odd parity Also via software you can select separately for each port whether you are using internal or external synchronization and whether one or two synch characters are used Rev 1 B 6 11 80 1 3 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer 1 5 4 RS 232C theory This manual cannot describe the RS 232C protocol in detail For a full description obtain a copy of the RS 232C EIA STANDARD document published by Electonic Industries Association Engineering Department 2001 Eye Street N W Washington D C 20006 Alternately if you have access to Datapro or Auerbach reports on communications they contain thorough articles describing the protocol and its implications The following information however will be of immediate relevance in this manual An RS 232C signal can either be POSITIVE 12 Vdc or NEGATIVE 12 Vdc Positive is ON or SPACING Negative is OFF or MARKING These terms are industry wide conventions that date back to the days of key telegraphy RS 232C line drivers typically invert these signals when they are converted to and from TTL signals Hence RS 232C POSITIVE corresponds to TTL low about 0 Vdc and RS 232C NEGATIVE corresponds to TTL high about 5 Vdc An RS 232C cable consists of 25 lines An RS 232C transmit or receive data line carries a serial sequence of POSITIVE and NEGATIVE pulses that correspond with the characters you want to transmit or receive There is also associated formating and parity informat
51. t to encounter this install the mdification given above under 2400 baud or more if the printer is used at 1200 baud 2 14 Rev 1 B 6 11 80 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer 2 4 5 How to connect many low speed asynchronous acoustic couplers and modems This section is applicable to many acoustic couplers and modems which carry out asynchronous communications at rates of 1200 baud or less It is almost always applicable for asynchronous couplers and modems operating at 300 baud or less Specifically it is applicable to modems and couplers which require only three RS 232C lines coming from the computer Transmit Data line 2 Receive Data line 3 and Signal Ground line 7 Because the ZCB board is wired for direct connection to a terminal you cannot simply connect the ZCB serial I O cable to the modem This is because both the modem and the ZCB serial port in its normal configuration are Data Communications Equipment DCE and therefore both expect to receive data on line 2 and to transmit data on line 3 Another problem is that most modems and couplers have female sockets and the DB 25 connector at the end of the ZCB serial I O cable is also a female socket One solution create a three line cable with male DB 25 connectors at both ends Wire line 7 straight across and cross lines 2 and 3 In other words connect pin 2 of one connector to pin 3 of the other and vica versa Such a cable will work with any modem or coupler requiring on
52. t physically opening up the computer For example if you have a modem that is switch selectable for either 1200 bits second or 300 bits second you can write a program that enables the operator using the keyboard to change the computer s rate of communication to match that of the modem at any given time You can select via software the number of data bits in each ASCII character selecting either 5 6 7 or 8 You can also select the number of stop bits in each character selecting either 1 1 1 2 or 2 Finally you can select whether or not a parity bit is included for each character and if chosen whether or not it is even or odd parity For how to do this in software see the references given earlier for the 8251 USART 1 5 3 Serial synchronous communication You can enable the serial port to communicate in the synchronous mode Modifications to the board will be required to accmplish this In brief the 8251 SYNDET pin and the TxC and RxC clock pins must be connected to the outside world which is not the case in the standard configuration of the board Once set up for synchronous communication you can select the rate of communication by using an external clock between 0 and 56K bits second As with asynchronous communication you can select via software the character length selecting either 5 6 7 or 8 bits You can also select via software whether or not a parity bit is inciuded for each character and if chosen whether or not it i
53. tion circuitry is provided to mirror the lower eight address bits on the upper eight address bits if I O address mirroring has been enabled Serial ports The heart of the serial I O ports is the 8251 USART consisting of independent receiver and transmitter The function of the transmitter is to accept eight bits of parallel data from the data bus and convert this to serial data with a wide range of formats parity and stop bits The speed at which data is output in asynchronous mode is controlled by a selectable clock rate derived from the 2 MHz system clock by counters U8 and Ul The clock rate is normally sixteen times the required baud rate though this can be changed when the 8251 is initialized by software so a frequency of 153 6 KHz is required for 9600 baud This gives a frequency division ratio of 13 02 which is rounded to 13 relative to the 2 MHz clock U7 forms a divide by 13 stage and the gated terminal count at Ul4 8 can be selected by a DIP switch for 9600 baud The other common baud rates 3 2 Rev 1 B 6 11 30 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer except for 110 baud are obtained by successively dividing this frequency in half using Ul which is 7418393 binary counters The clock frequency for 110 baud is generated by dividing the frequency for 1200 baud by li The desired frequency is selected by a DIP switch for each serial port and applied to the TxC and RxC pins of the 8251 The 8251 USART is designed to interface eas
54. ty either expressed or implied including any implied warranty of fitness for intended use or merchantability However the above notwithstanding VECTOR GRAPHIC INC will for a period of ninety 90 days following delivery to customer repair or replace any ZCB Single Board Computer that is found to contain defects in materials or workmanship provided 1 Such defect in material or workmanship existed at the time the ZCB Single Board Computer left the VECTOR GRAPHIC INC factory 2 VECTOR GRAPHIC INC is given notice of the precise defect claimed within ten 10 days after its discovery 3 The ZCB Single Board Computer is promptly returned to VECTOR GRAPHIC INC at customer s expense for examination by VECTOR GRAPHIC INC to confirm the alleged defect and for subsequent repair or replacement if found to be in order Repair replacement or correction of any defects in material or workmanship which are discovered after expiration of the period set forth above will be performed by VECTOR GRAPHIC INC at Buyer s expense provided the ZCB Single Board Computer is returned also at Buyer s expense to VECTOR GRAPHIC INC for such repair replacement or correction In performing any repair replacement or correction after expiration of the period set forth above Buyer will be charged in addition to the cost of parts the then current VECTOR GRAPHIC INC repair rate At the present time the applicable rate is 35 00 for the first
55. und Transmitted Data Received Data Request to Send Clear to Send Data Set Ready Signal Ground Received Line Signal Detector Reserved for Data Set Testing Reserved for Data Set Testing Unassigned Secondary Received Line Signal Det Secondary Clear to Send Secondary Transmitted Data Transmitter Signal Element Timing DTE Source Secondary Received Data Receiver Signal Element Timing DCE Source Unassigned Secondary Request to Send Data Terminal Ready Signal Quality Detector Ring Indicator Data Signal Rate Detector Transmitter Signal Element Timing DCE Source Unassigned 2 16 Both DIE DCE DIE DCE Both DCE DCE DCE DTE DCE DCE Either DCE RS 232C pin number at the DB 25 CO SD U gt C2 NA D 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer ZCB Pin number on 16 pin socket J2 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 Component connected to on the board RS 232C and Connections on ZCB Board 8251 pin name Or other if relevant RxD TxD RTS CTS DSR GND Rev 1 B 6 11 80 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer It is important to note here that in the RS 232C protocol any given line has one name regardless of your point of view For example although a modem which is a kind of Data Communications Equipment DCE receives its data on line 2 line 2 is still called Transmitted Dat
56. us cycle generate one wait state after each Ml instruction generate no wait states Standard generate one wait state after each Ml instruction 1 standard TTL load on all inputs Fan out 15 standard 60 low power shottky Output buffer disable compatible with Vector Graphic EPROM RAM Boards which generate phantom in response to Power on clear POC Jumper selectable on off Standard enabled Standard enabled can be disabled SPECIFICATIONS I O 1 serial RS 232 and 3 8 bit parallel ports programmable as input or output 1 using 8251 controller chip Any increment of four from 00H to FFH Preset addresses are Data 04H echoed on 06H Control 05H echoed on 07H EIA RS 232C Typical handshaking is provided ie RIS CIS DIR DSR etc 110 9600 baud switch selectable 5 8 programmable 1 1 1 2 or 2 programmable Even odd or none programmable Rev 1 B 6 11 80 Vector ZCB Single Board Computer Synchronous Rates synch detect Clock Parity Data bits Sync character Parallel Ports Port Addresses Latching Signal level Number of lines Data transfer Cable Rev 1 B 6 11 80 DC 56K Can be wired for internal or external synch 8251 SYNDET line is not connected Not now connected to the external world as required for synchronous operation Even odd or none programmable 5 8 programmable Single or double synch character can be programmed 2 8 bit 2 4 bit can be prog
57. will be followed by an area by area breakdown Sheet 0 System Block Diagram When the system is initially turned on the RESET block sheet 4 pulls the POC line low to let the system know that a reset condition exists When the system has already been in an on condition the PRESET line going low will also cause it to issue the POC signal On board a reset condition will cause the processor to go through a reset It also causes Memory Control to issue a Phantom When the MEMORY CONTROL block sheet 4 is given a RESET it issues the Phantom signal which disables all memory on the S 100 bus If enabled the block will cause the first three bytes of the on board PROM to be addressed Normally these first three bytes are a jump to instruction which causes the rest of the monitor program to be run During normal operation the memory control block reads the address lines during an address cycle to determine whether any of the on board PROM or RAM is being addressed The jumpers in this seciton permit the use of 1K 2K or 4K EPROM The MEMORY block sheet 5 contains the on board PROM and RAM It is controlled from memory control the S 100 system control bus via the S 100 interface block or the CPU The CLOCKS and CLOCK DRIVERS blocks sheet 6 generate the timing signals required by the CPU and the system The clock can supply a 4MHz or a 2MHz clocking signal jumper selectable Even though not necessary with the 2 80 microprocessor a phase
58. y as explained in Section 2 4 5 Of course software is necessary in order to operate specific devices connected to the serial port Section 2 4 gives the standard I O port addresses and instructs you how to change them as necessary Other documents from Vector Graphic describe the particular I O addresses and peripheral devices which each Vector Graphic software product controls For example at the time of this writing any Extended Systems Monitor having option C enables a standard serial terminal to be plugged directly into the serial The Version 4 Extended Systems Monitor any option contains a program that enables the operator to communicate to a time share service via a modem connected via an RS 232C cable to the serial port which has to be converted to a DTE port first Lastly operating systems such as MDOS and CP M from Vector Graphic and Vector Graphic s Word Managagment System Output to printers via the serial port 1 5 6 Parallel Ports The ZCB has three independent parallel input or output ports called Parallel Ports A Band C They are connected to the outside world via one 34 pin connector which is mounted on the top of the card Vector Graphic supplies an optional 34 line ribbon cable that connects to this edge connector The other end of this cable has no connector on it allowing you to configure it as desired Many of the 34 lines are not used as discussed below Each parallel port has eight pins which can be program
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