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ConSteel 8 User Manual

1. D0505005555545 if the there is value entry option in the table cells multiple value entry is possible for the selected cells clicking on the right mouse button and defining the common value FIFI e E lm sisi cols icoicslice 33 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Output tables used on the ANALYSIS and STANDARD RESISTANCE tabs and in the DOMINANT VALUES and MODEL INFORMATION dialogues have the following common features the rows of the table can be ordered according to a column increasing decreasing or ABC order clicking to its heading cell the actual table can be saved to file for Excel the actual table can be saved for the own documentation which can be inserted into the final report in the documentation module see Chapter 11 1 5 HOT KEYS The hot keys can significantly soeed up the modeling work In ConSteel the following hot keys can be used CTRL N new model CTRL O open model CTRL S save model CTRL Z undo last action CTRL Y redo CTRL A select all CTRL I inverse selection CTRL 1 switch to XY view CTRL 2 switch to XZ view p p p j j p j j CTRL 3 switch to YZ view CTRL 4 switch to XYZ view CTRL 5 switches the view perpendicular to the raster ESC unselect all or terminate or abort the last action Delete delete selected objects F1 o
2. 99 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL If the column is moved with 300mm in the y direction in the local coordinate system then the support moves with the column HEA 600 Continuous Release end point Continuous Eccentricity y mnm 300 Eccentricity z mm 0 Rotate deg 0 Number of finite elemen Automatic Bow imperf L v 0 Bow imperf L w 0 Element type Beam column with we A e If the column is rotated with 45 degree then the support moves together with the column B164 HEA 600 HEA 600 Release start point Continuous Release end point Continuous Eccentricity y mnm 300 Eccentricity z mm 0 Rotate deg 45 Number of finite elemen Automatic Bow imperf L v 0 Bow imperf L w 0 Element type Beam column with wz p 100 www consteelsoftware com GB CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Selecting any of the above eccentricity types for positioning a support changing the eccentricity of the supported object the support will keep the originally given relative position from the new position of the supported object and will keep the orientation defined by the applied coordinate system for placing this support WARNING BE AWARE THAT SINCE THE FINITE ELEMENT FOR THE STEEL BEAMS AND COLUMNS HAS 7 DOFS THE POINT SUPPORT ALSO HAS 7 DOFS THE 7 DOF REP
3. Parameters of selected connections Value ag 5160 28Y 7l Painted zl Size of galvanizing hole Next gt A special dialogue window appears for every joint type where the following settings can be made name of the exported joint macro file other joint parameters which are needed for the StruCad joint macro but not necessary for the joint calculation in csJoint These parameters can be different for each connection If you click on the SAVE SETTINGS FOR SELECTED CONNECTIONS then the parameters will be saved ONLY for the selected connection The other option is the SAVE SETTINGS FOR ALL CONNECTIONS button in this case the parameters will be the same for all the connections in the list By clicking the NEXT gt button the selected connection of the next type will appear for editing their parameters Clicking the lt PREVIOUS button the user could return to the previous screen 38 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL When the window of the last connection type appears after pressing the OK button the export process will continue The following task is to check and in case of need to change the names of sections and the material grades for the case these names are used differently in ConSteel and in the used default settings in StruCAD It could be done manually or using some prepared files Path of the section conversion file C ConSteel 6 0 Data Export SecnameConvStruCad csv P
4. If selected members option is chosen and then the black arrow is clicked then previously selected members can be removed from the selection or new members can be added 6 4 5 TEMPERATURE LOAD i anal e Temperature loads can be defined to members 2 or to surfaces L First choose the type of the temperature load the temperature can change along the cross section s height or the width Then add the construction temperature reference temperature and the upper and lower temperature of the cross section The last step is to select the member where you would like to apply the load Type of temperature load Varying along the height of the section Varying along the width of the section Construction temperature Tref gt g C Temperature of upper fibre T1 20 E I Temperature of lower fibre T 20 i www consteelsoftware com Type of temperature load Varying along the height of the section Varying along the width of the section Construction temperature Tref 35 c Temperature of left fibre T1 C I Temperature of right fibre T2 20 i lira 118 CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Construction temperature Tref 30 ac TIl a Temperature of upper fibre T1 20 a Temperature of lower fibre T2 230 i T ky pees the surface a 6 4 6 PRESCRIBED DISPLACEMENT E Prescribed displacement can be applied for point supports it It can be placed according to the G
5. Ne Mays Mee Interaction of buckling and bending members not susceptible to torsional deformations Ne Menu Ne Mez Ne Mey Moz Interaction of lateraltorsional buckling and bending Mey M Depending on the member not all checks can be performed If the normal force is negligible then strong or weak axis buckling design cannot be run If strong or weak axis buckling option is selected then first the design parameters has to be set The program automatically identifies the supports which could have effect on the buckling check 21 13 Design parameters Results Weak axis z z flexural buckling Design parameters 12 84 kdt 7 Segment 1 2 2 om 159 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Among the supports the member is divided to segments Segments can also be turned off in order not to calculate them during the analysis The design parameters can be individually set for each segment by clicking on the three dots icon Weak acs 2 2 fxeural buckling Design parameters Segment 1 2 T Basic crtical wial force 2323 87 Brectrve lengh fact ks 085 Crtica load muitplyer egenvalue Se 53 580 X Cee ea The actual segment is highlighted with green There are two options to set the design parameters set the effective length factor manually by typing in the appropriate value or by choosing the right critical load multiplier The second op
6. Show the thickness of plates in mm t Show the load intensity f Show initial bow imperfection kN Show the units of quantities Show labels of the local cordinate axes Action point sets The Action point sets offer a wide range of setting the point snapping functions Ei Wd whey mG a Snapping the end points of graphical lines arcs and structural beams columns objects 25 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL es Switch divide function On OFF ON In case of Divide snap mode is ON a new field will appear on the status bar There are 3 options for the divide snap point specification The user can select by clicking on the icon before the numeric field po 2 Clicking the icon the percentage will be calculated to a length of the approached element and from the approached end this length will be measured by the snapping points Usually there is arest distance at the end of the element 3 1000 clicking to the k icon a distance can be specified This length will be measured by the snapping points from the approached end of the object Usually there is a rest distance at the end of the element b AO o clicking to the d icon the number of division can be specified This snapping points show the endpoint of the subdivided length There is no rest distance at the end of the element OFF The field of division will disappear from the bottom status bar x Sna
7. unit of length list box 59 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Measure angle E Function measure the angle between two lines was defined by clicking three snap points in the 3D space in the plane of the two lines in degree or radian in Data of structural member o Function shows on the screen the length the surface and the weight of the selected structural member Farameters Data of structural member Unit of length TETE Unit of two dimensional figure degree angle i a 60 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Unit of two dimensional figure degree angle 61 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 4 DRAWING GEOMETRY 4 1 BASICS The first step of the modelling phase is the geometry drawing of the structure In ConSteel all the geometrical objects can be easily created and modified in a 3D space Among the basic CAD drawing modifying and moving functionality advanced snap options make the modelling efficient All the CAD functionality is placed on the GEOMETRY tab the further view select and snap options are on the side and status bar Additionally all the relevant modelling functions are placed on the dialogues of structural members supports and loads 4 2 COORDINATE SYSTEMS For the appropriate modelling and interpretation of the analysis and design results it is of high importance to be aware o
8. 2 4 Complete model export into Tekla Structures ccccssccccssececesseeccesececeecesseneeseeseceseeeeens 41 2A Lonte MaN aea NO 43 3 Model WIG ass pcenstsescersarussevntan mse a ENEE EERE EA RENEE ENEN 45 BAE pesca E E E SE A E E E 45 32 ModE VIEWS wccntssarenetereenctatoa A AATA E E AEA eee 45 Bi SS CU OID A E E E EA E EE E ES 48 SAPON Mna SM erare AE ET A E AT 50 3 5 Object names and Renumbering esssssessserssrerssrersseressrreserrssrerssreessreessereseersseerssereseeress 52 SODITE ON e E E AA A 54 INe PUO e E ses E E E E E E A eens 59 2 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 4 Drawing geometry ccccccseccsscccseccsecccseccsuccesecseuccensccseccesessecceuceeseessuseeseessuseeaeeseesensenes 62 71 BICS ee ene nr en eee ee ee ee ee eee ee ee 62 4 2 COORONG CIN Sr seraceie se acai cccrssraecet neuro Nenie dey esate dan a0 aie E EEEE SEES AEE ENESTE 62 42 1 WISER COOK Cie Ue Syste eeren EE 63 4 2 2 Local coordinate system of bar elements ccecccceecccceeceeenecseeeecceeeeeceuecseeueseeeueeeeeueeeegess 64 4 2 3 Local coordinate system of surface elements cccccccccceeeceesseesesssseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesaaaaaeeeseees 65 43 Defining acHon IN CS eric ecine aacpote acne ac spe we rna EEr E E N OE E Oeae 67 A DAVE eeen A E aAA E 67 aR EE a VANS EEE EN AIA II OEE E TEE 69 TW Aly E IEA IE PEPEE E IOE E EAE E E A E E N 73 yes dU lerd 8 1 Mid 21 110 one en ne eee ee ee eee 75
9. CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 6 7 WIND LOAD GENERATOR Wind load generator can generate wind load for the most common type of structures according to the following standards m EuroCode 1 EN 1991 4 m Spanish standard SE AE HEIGHTS OF THE STRUCTURE h FOR GENERATING WIND LOADS ARE CALCULATED FROM THE GLOBAL Z O LEVEL THEREFORE THE STRUCTURAL MODEL HAS TO BE PLACED TO ITS REAL HEIGHT IN THE MODELLING AREA MEASURED FROM THE GLOBAL Z O LEVEL FOR EXAMPLE LOWEST EDGE OF A WINDWARD WALL CANNOT BE PLACED BELOW THE GLOBAL Z 0 LEVEL OR IF THE MODEL IS A ROOF OF A BUILDING THEN THE ROOF MUST BE PLACED IN THE REAL HEIGHT MEASURED FROM THE GLOBAL Z O LEVEL 6 7 1 WIND LOAD CASES Wind load cases must be defined as a first step of the wind load generation If a wind load group is created a dedicated button will be active to create the wind load cases Copy Delete Factor of frequent load level Factor of quasi permanent load level new a wna Load case including self weight Dead Load The dialog window contains all the possible EC wind load cases Multiple selections are possible by pressing the SHIFT buttons 130 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Angle of the Internal Lateral wind attacked Lateral leeward basic wind pressure surface F G H zones surface 1 J Zones Pressure Pressure v Wind_0_ FGHmax_Umax ind 0_FoHmax Imin ind_0_FoHmin_ Imax ind 0_FoHmin_
10. Eer TIDE N H M a VA i ae M Define fire effect and fire protection The first option is to set the nominal fire curve The second one is to set the fire resistance time The fire effect can be set to different intensity in the top and the bottom of the section Different fire protection can be created by clicking on the three dot icon next the Fire protection data In this window it is possible to select between Unprotected and Protected 185 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL If Protected is chosen then the insulation material and the thickness must be specified The third parameter to set is the grading according to EN 1993 1 2 4 5 Protection 1 D Unprotected Protected EN 13381 1 2 and 4 roistonnatis pondre Cenet gt thickness 10 mm Grading according to EN 1993 1 2 4 5 and table 4 03 Contour encasement of uniform thickness exposed to fire on three sid If the fire protection is set then the members must be selected It is possible to apply fire effect to more members at the same time This case the members should be selected before clicking the fire icon 10 2 ANALYSIS During the finite element generation ConStee calculates the steel temperature and the reduced modulus of elasticity These values can be viewed in the FINITE ELEMENT tab by selecting the appropriate load case J b fi j N mm2 a mm2 59346 J C j mm2 J N E SX
11. H Ld Main data Le Points 1 3 Lines L 4 Material L5 Bar members L Loads H 1 6 1 Load case and load groups B 1 6 2 Load combinations i i ee e After creating the documentation it will be opened in a new window At the top right of the window the chapters can be seen The chapters can be moved up or down using the red arrow icons 1 if a chapter is selected It is also possible to delete content from document by clicking the third icon 2 Text can be inserted anywhere in the document if you click on the fourth icon 3 and type in the desired text into the window It is also possible to insert headings by clicking on the fifth icon 4 You can also insert page break anywhere in the document using the sixth icon 5 The last three icons can be used for the following purposes Edit heading and increase or decrease level of heading The last two icons on the right are different if you click on a chapter or in a paragraph If you click on a chapter then the icons are as described above If a paragraph is clicked where there is a table the last icon E can be used to delete any column from the table If you click on a paragraph which contains text then the last two icons on the right can be used to edit the paragraph content and the alignment 192 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL x Content Pictures Tables Appendices i A t J jo AT ce RK p Front page gt Conten
12. TUN me E ko i 6 59346 soa th came f f SMA m2 Te vz m 2 n 186 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL The analysis for the accidental fire load combinations are performed in global level Therefore the calculated deformations and internal forces include the effect of the expansion and decreased elasticity modulus of those members which are subjected to fire 10 3 DESIGN ConSteel performs cross section resistance checks for all members which are subjected to fire effect by using the adequate formulas from the EuroCode 3 standard Tension EN 1993 1 2 4 2 3 1 Permanent temperature 1 Ymo Noanne a N es Class 1 4 YM fi where k y 6 value based on a function according to Table 3 1 N pLRd based on normal case Varying temperature 2 N fit Ra Aon Eon Class 1 4 M fi Compression Class 1 3 EN 1993 1 2 4 2 3 2 Class 4 Annex E 2 Permanent temperature 1 k 0 ef Noga At Class 1 3 YM fi k f Nenen Ay na Cassi YM fi where K 90 2 0 value based on a function according to Table 3 1 Varying temperature 6 Conservative way case 1 where 0 ainia 187 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Bending EN 1993 1 2 Class 1 2 4 2 3 3 Class 3 4 2 3 4 Class 4 Annex E 2 Permanent temperature 1 Ymo M iora T ko l M ra YM fi where Mpa M s ra Orin case of shear Mpa Mypr Class 1
13. Used capacity 57 8 Used part of standard 6 3 3 6 61 6 62 forn Strong axis buckling Summary of results Used capacity in lateral buckling 6 2 Place of the dominant cross section 0 mm from the first nc Number of the dominant finite element 1 Place of the dominant FE node j Class of the dominant cross section for compres 2 Used part of standard 6 3 1 6 46 6 49 form Detailed calculation Lateral torsional buckling Summary of results Used capacity in lateral torsional buckling 50 2 Place of the dominant cross section 4800 mm from the firs Number of the dominant finite element 8 Place of the dominant FE node k Class of the dominant cross section for compress 1 Used part of standard 6 3 2 6 54 6 56 form Detailed calculation Results of minor axis bending Capacity of minor axis bending check 4 5 Place of the dominant cross section 4800 mm from the firs Number of the dominant finite element 8 mm from the first nc Place of the dominant FE node j Class of the dominant cross section for bending 1 Used part of standard 6 2 5 6 12 6 15 forn MzEd 1 3 kNm Mzb Rd 28 3 kNm Woly 5381 2 mm Interaction factors i 163 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL In the results tab the dominant member is automatically shown The number next to the member number shows the capacity 8 3 COMPOSITE DESIGN Composite column design related functions can be found on the GLOBAL CHE
14. b flange thickness tf and the characteristics of the haunch should be set Haunch on bar i Parameters L mm h mm tw mm b mm tF imm Characteristics of the haunch lower v i a start point of the haunch on the beam 81 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL The position of the haunch is set by simply clicking on the member the start point where the height of the haunch is full and the direction point of the haunch on the member It should be noted that if the start point is a common end point of more members this is the usual case for instance at a beam to column connection point then this point should be approached and clicked on the member to be haunched The characteristics of the haunch denote the appropriate side of the haunch on the member according to the direction of its ll local z axis In the case of usual beam position it results the followings lower upper symmetric 82 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL THE HAUNCHES CAN BE SELECTED AND MODIFIED IN THE PARAMETER TABLE AS SEPARATE OBJECTS amp j X a Haunch 1 Name Haunch2 Bar member B29 200 0 Initial height End height Web thickness 10 Fange width a oS 1400 bottom 0 IMPORTANT TO KNOW THAT FOR THE HAUNCHED PART OF THE MEMBER NEW SECTIONS ARE CREATED DURING THE AUTOMATIC FINITE ELEMENT GENERATION WHICH CO
15. eccentricity of the supported object the support will keep its position relative to the section By changing the Rotation angle attribute of the supported object the position of the support will rotate too 96 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Example for the different types of eccentricity 1 Example Both supports were placed with 150mm eccentricity in the y direction but left case was defined relative to the reference line of a section and the right case was defined relative to the middle middle point of the section geometry If the eccentricity of the columns is changed to y 100mm the new position of the supports is as follows Bar member 2 Name different Section properties HEA 300 Section HEA 300 Release start point Continuous Release end point Continuous f Eccentricity y mm 100 Eccentricity z mm 0 Rotate deg 30 Number of frite elemer Automatic _ Ca S 97 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL In case of the left case the position of the support did not change because the position of the reference line of the column also did not change but in case of the right case the support was moved with the points of the section of the column 2 Example The support is placed according to the global coordinate system the eccentricity is 300 mm in the z direction of the local coordinate system of
16. etc are detected the Diagnostic windows visibility will switch ON automatically showing the name of problematic objects in a tree structure x g Possible error There is overlap between bars H B228 B190 The first type of diagnostic results is the error messages appearing in red color The second type of the diagnostic result is the possible errors in yellow color 29 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL By clicking on any of the object name in tree structure and pressing the SELECT button the selected object will be highlighted in the model space You can select more objects at the same time clicking their name while pressing the SHIFT or CTRL key The selected object can be erased by pressing DELETE button at the bottom of the Diagnostic window or using the DELETE key on the keyboard Object properties window Selecting one object in the model space all the relevant properties will appear in this window The values of the parameters can be overviewed and in most cases these parameters can be changed Hall with pox Options Standards Help yoy po bos eS Geometry Structural members Loads Finite element Analysis Global checks Member checks Serviceability checks LUZ US N RKRDZEF Pi arx ERER Model Content Portions Manager ml a S 2 WPPOPHEABhAF Sn Cp Layers Docu Gs Portions ve 6 mezzanine SE internal frames SE e
17. 01 28 2010 03 17 15 01 18 2010 03 17 15 01 06 2010 03 17 15 00 52 2010 03 17 15 00 42 2010 03 17 15 00 31 2010 03 17 15 00 20 2010 03 17 15 00 08 2010 03 17 14 59 39 C ConSteelModels C ConSteelModels C ConSteelModels C ConSteelModels C ConSteelModels C ConSteelModels C ConSteelModels CAConSteelModels C ConSteelModels C ConSteelModels The first big icon 1 is for creating a new model the second 2 is for open model from folder 1 2 2 THE GRAPHICAL WINDOW The structural model appears always in the graphical window There are no other window opening options however there are lots of viewing possibilities in this single window The graphical window helps the modeling by the global coordinate system GCS and a moveable rotatable and size adjustable grid which is the main area for drawing The coordinate system at the left bottom corner denotes always the unchangeable GCS the origin of the user coordinate system UCS takes place at the middle point of the grid which is always the plane 10 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL XY of the UCS The following moving possibilities and quick view settings should be used during the structural model manipulation Move push and hold down the middle mouse button or use the four arrow buttons on the keyboard to move the model on the screen Rotate hold down the ALT key and
18. 171 8 4 5 Relative deflection Check for 2 POINTS ccccccesscccceeseccceeseccceeescceseusececeeeeceeseeecessunecessenes 171 9 Section Module sessssssciajesveierasenawerpdavauevidevearspesrorenianana plainer daveaieeoleiainapaudaniaiiee 172 S AS parte ee ete ren ate et pam aay econ dpe nessa E O A aap cero E E T E E N 172 9 2 Section administration axewenseuncwsre ese nisaeneritrachenmts renew are esennineneri ita ehernts een ese Aee 172 9 3 Section Modelling oacecsceartetansy grensetusteeaanmciecepsacetetoaciarersedusteosanenseessacsauceasieecsasacsbosaremanarncaeceus 174 DALTE EPO MOOO ea a E A E A A E E 174 Oi 2 WC G MOO e E peuteiensanntecnctunmuanuseatecotinenvnentoorss 177 9 4 Section TOOLS scenrscsecrsavesnecngdcascuvaavamcernssseeuvacssncengetssonrcersierpacssooviactsasmatissonvseraanpaneonaniacessaes 177 94 LGeometricalcalculatiONS seeps nanpi reo Er eE EE EEEE aN 177 TA iO ANS E A 178 s a Wie E o hee E A E ee ee ee ee ee 179 9 4 4 Effective CroSS Sections iinic Cran en n e A a RE OETA SRE E 180 9 4 5 Standard resistance Calculations ccccccccccsssssseeeccccecseeeeseeccccceesaueuseececeeessuaaeaeeeeceseesaaas 180 AST SECC C LOSS SCIONS a E E E ed E E 180 9 4 5 2 Composite and reinforced concrete cross SECTIONS ccccceeececeesseeeeeseeeeseeeueceeeueseeeneeees 182 gA S TRE E e E E S 183 Dg OC INIA ARO i EEEIEE OIE O EE OETI E IEI OETI E E EE 184 6 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 10 FIR
19. 2 Mr Mapz orin case of shear M M Class 3 M pa M oy ra Class 4 k 6 value based on a function according to Table 3 1 Varying temperature 2 f M isra W inont Class 1 2 YM fi Ymo 1 M itra Sa ae M ara Class 3 mMm fi 1 Ko where x 0 7 if protection 1 and m_factor_section 2 3 or 10 K 0 85 if protection 2 and m_factor_section 3 or 4 k 1 0 in other cases K 1 0 conservative M army k uo d m fit Rd p0 2 0 max eff Rd Class 4 M fi Ky Ko Shear EN 1993 1 2 Class 1 2 4 2 3 3 6 Class 3 4 2 3 4 4 Class 4 Annex E 2 Permanent temperature Yumo Ve Class 1 4 M fi V inr K o web Varying temperature k the hottest point in the web y 0 web In case of complex internal forces ConStee use the conservative interaction formula neglecting the effect of shear lt N jie 4 M ira 4 M ic N fi 0 Rd M y fi 0 Rd M z fi 0 Rd 188 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL A typical cross section check in ConSteel looks like below Applied part of standard EN 1993 1 2 4 2 3 2 rr ee a a o oO Oe 189 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 11 DOCUMENTATION 11 1 BASICS In ConSteel there is a powerful and easy to use documentation engine in order to create precise easily editable static documents that meet the requirements of the structural engineers The static documentation contains the full
20. Documentation C fid Model General Solid Section a The General Solid Section GSS was created in order to model any kind of cross sections as accurate as possible The model dissolves the section with arbitrary shape into triangle elements and calculates the sectional properties by the finite element method The section can be assembled with any number of different materials and the automatic finite element mesh generates separate triangles for the certain materials controlling the mesh size according to the elastic properties of the material Beyond the usual properties sectional area second moment of inertia etc the GSS model precisely calculates the torsional and shear properties like St Venant and warping moment of inertia shear areas and factors etc and these accurate properties are used in the global analysis The elastic normal torsional and shear stresses can be also calculated on this model using a spectacular colored view 9 4 SECTION TOOLS 9 4 1 GEOMETRICAL CALCULATIONS There are three coordinate systems in Section module main axis system y z section edit system v w and the section edit system moved to the centre C of the section Y Z The point D is the centre of rotation The section properties can be viewed according to these coordinate systems 177 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 9 4 2 LOADS If the section module is opened from the model then all the load combinat
21. Finnish NWA EN Singapore NA EN Portugal NA EN Sweden NA EN Austrian NA Spanish standard EN Recommended Values Open Save Save As The functions are according to their names 12 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Export Selected part of the model can be exported to TEKLA Structures New model dads Finite element _ Analysis Model attribute TT Fe Open Save Save As In EDIT menu the common functions can be found Ctrl Ctrl X Ctrl C Ctrl V In VIEW menu With the first four functions the visibility of the dockable windows can be switched With the SIZES OF OBJECTS function the size of the objects can be changed 13 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Object dimensions oy y y my In OPTIONS menu the following settings can be found SAVE UPDATE LANGUAGE STYLES and DIAGNOSTICS Save If Autosave is clicked the program automatically performs a save periodically in accordance with the adjusted number of minutes If backup is clicked ConStee creates a backup file after manual save is performed The backup model file can be used as a normal model by removing the bak extension 14 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Update ConSteel looks for an available new version on the web at every startup It can be turned off The check for a new version can be performed manually b
22. Sevcesty choc OOC mR PtH KAKNVVNAA TESE Submodel view LOA spent CE bovenkant spant 1 3 CIE kolommen spant 1 3 16 spant1 3 ou f compare weight vo lame Storeys V Show hidden parts of the structure translucently This option shows only the selected parts of the model 47 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL or checked the Show hidden parts of the structure translucently checkbox at the bottom of the PORTIONS MANAGER From GEOMETRY to GLOBAL CHECKS in every tab the selected submodel will be visible To make the whole model visible again click the FULL VIEW icon Model Content Portions Manager ll af a ot oo oP E wf 5 z 7 Columns Sa Led Columns left Lite C Storeys 3 3 SELECTION Objects can be selected on the graphical window in the object tree or by the additional selection options As a general rule only the visible objects can be selected graphically accordingly the same action can result in different selection on different tabs or model views A selected object change to unselected by clicking on it while pressing the SHIFT button The ESC button always unselects all objects The basic selection modes and their operation are the followings simple graphical selection click on the object on the graphical window by the left mouse button All objects will be selected which graphical symbol intersects the imaginary line set up perpendicular to the vie
23. There are no predefined supports for supporting surfaces By pressing the button the user can create new surface support types for specifying 3 constrains 102 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Name of support model 5F5 x y z 7 Paar i Degrees of freedom Support DrSoxy Free Fix Semitigid Stiffmess kN mm m kNm rad m E a surface f it 2 i ect the suface for support By clicking on a plate object all the surface of this selected object will be supported by the support 5 9 LINK ELEMENTS Ttt Link element E can be used to connect elements which are not directly connected to each other Parameters of the link element can be defined in the middle part of the dialog Position of connection this parameter defines the place where the continuity acts in the percentage of the length of the link element Value can be between 0 and 1 Rotation rotation value defines the angle of the link element in degrees Release predefined releases can be assigned to the specified position If new release type is needed the RELEASE dialogue can be called by pressing the button next to the combo There are two different types of link element 103 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL t 5 9 1 CONNECT TWO STRUCTURAL POINTS h This type of link element can be used to connect two structural points Link element For example if there is a cantilever on a relati
24. Vv My kNm a Mz kNm E B kNm2 Load combinatio CHS11438 6 Vz 0 2 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 Teherkombinsci IPE 400 Vz 152 4 0 0 304 7 0 0 0 0 Teherkombin ci IPE 400 My 39 8 01 3380 0 5 0 2 Teherkombin c KA_20 v 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Teherkombinaci HEA300 V 245 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Teherkombin ci HEA300 My 239 2 0 0 366 1 0 0 0 0 Teherkombinaci HEB340 v 300 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Teherkombin ci HEB 340 My 222 1 00 530 2 0 1 0 1 Teherkombin ci HEB300 vz 204 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Teherkombin ci HEB300 My 168 1 0 2 0 4 0 2 Teherkombinsci 7 6 6 ANIMATION OF DYNAMIC SHAPES In case of vibration analysis the animation of the Animation speed dynamic shapes can be reached to click on the a icon Animation spees can be increased and decreased with the slide bar 153 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 8 STANDARD DESIGN The design functionalities are placed on three tabs the GLOBAL CHECKS MEMBER CHECKS and SERVICEABILITY CHECKS tab 8 1 BASICS The required code checks of the different types of structural components cross sections members can be conveniently evaluated based on the following standard Design of steel structures EuroCode o EN 1993 1 1 General rules and rules for buildings o EN 1993 1 2 General rules Structural fire design o EN 1993 1 5 Plated structural elements particular amp Spanish standards o Structural Steel Code EAE Design of composite steel a
25. also known as the NET API This provides an interface for third party applications to interact with the model in Tekla Structures Therefore both applications need to have installed in order to export model from ConSteel to Tekla Structures ConSteel export to Tekla Structures can be used from version 14 onward To export a model from ConSteel it is important to run both program at the same time and to have a model opened in Tekla Structures Then click on the FILE menu and select EXPORT then select TEKLA STRUCTURES File Edit View Options Standards Help New model Model attribute Open Ctri O Save Ctri Save As A dialog window opens asking for selecting model parts to be exported Bear in mind that only those joints will be exported which are placed in the model and selected before exporting The next step is to select a reference point and click on the EXPORT button After selecting the reference point in Tekla the SECTION EXPORT MANAGER window appears It is possible to change the conversion file for grades and for sections or edit the section name and grade manually 42 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Fath of the section conversion file C SharedAll ConSteel 5 0 Beta 2010 03 24 _TEKLA Data Export SecnameConvTeki Path of the grade conversion file C SharedAll ConSteel 5 0 Beta 2010 03 23_TEKLA Data Expor t MatnameConvTekl If manual changes have been made then the list can be
26. applied in the same time m With the checkbox previously created and placed joints stiffness can be used during the calculation In the Statical calculation group 2 the necessary analysis first or second order can be set separately for the ULS and the SLS load combinations Here can be set the calculation of the load cases also with the last checkbox Statical calculation can be turn on off with the checkbox near the name of the group In the Buckling analysis group 3 the parameters of the buckling analysis can be set Buckling analysis can be turn on off with the checkbox near the name of the group If buckling analysis is turned on by default 10 eigenshapes will be calculated for each load cases Number of the eigenshapes can be modified at the Load combinations tab In the dropdown menu previously created model portion or whole model can be selected for buckling analysis Buckling analysis will be performed just for the selected portion Here can be entered also the upper limit of the relevant buckling eigen values All of the eigen values which are higher than the limit will be skipped Because of this the final number of the calculated eigenshapes could be les then the set With the last checkbox the buckling sensitivity analysis can be turn on and off In the Vibration analysis group 4 the parameters of the vibration analysis can be set Type of the stiffness matrix first or second order can be chosen and in case of earthqua
27. be selected and program calculates the height distance between them Check is done after clicking the CALCULATION button The dominant bar is automatically selected in the model to make the interpretation easier 8 4 3 GLOBAL VERTICAL DEFLECTION CHECK Global vertical deflection check works similar to the global horizontal deflection check There is just minor difference which is the following reference length has to be set instead of reference height This can be set manually or by clicking two points on the model www consteelsoftware com Load combination 2 _Load combination 3 _Load combination 4 Load combination 5 Load combination 1 Model portion Reference height H mm First structural point k Second structural point k Deflection limit Results Dominant load combination Bar name Finite element point 8 0 USER MANUAL X 0 Y 0 Z 6000 X 0 0 2 0 H 100 Dominant horizontal deflection mm Deflection limit mm Capacity Check name Type of design First order analysis To cal Load combinations v _ Load combination 1 v Load combination 2 M Load combination 3 M Load combination 4 M Load combination 5 Parameters Model portion Reference length L mm First structural point Second structural point Deflection limit Results Dominant load combination Bar name Finite element point Dominant vertical deflection mm Deflecti
28. cross sections structural columns beams slabs and walls diaphragm and rigid body supports and connections are collected on this tab The automatic members to plate conversion function can be also found on this tab LOADS TAB Geometry Structural members Loads Finite element Analysis Global checks Member checks Serviceabilty checks Ovi tae ee ONY ee MS O All types of loading including load cases load groups load combinations and unique loads placed on the structure can be created on the LOADS tab Functions of wind load generation and fire effect and protection can be found also here FINITE ELEMENT TAB Contains functions connected with finite element mesh generation and modification and a model check option indicating the possible modeling mistakes ANALYSIS TAB Geometry Structural members Loads Finite element Analysis Global checks Member checks Serviceability checks a f First order Load combination 92 intemal forces My Contour suface mam T Bie The structural analysis types can be set and executed the results can be viewed and labeled in various forms GLOBAL CHECKS TAB The GLOBAL CHECKS tab contains the options and results viewing possibilities of cross sections and global buckling standard checks 19 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL MEMBER CHECKS TAB Steel member design related functions buckling lateral torsional buckling and interacti
29. detail for both section design including the shape parameters geometrical mechanical and design results and the generated documents can be attached to the main documentation of the global structure After clicking the Documentation option on the menu bar the way for creating documentation is the same as in ConStee main module see Chapter 11 for more detailed instructions aidais aad Applied part of standare 6 2 1 7 6 2 formula Nes 61 8 kN Ne 2 998 5 ka Maes 459 2 kum l MsRe 1464 5 kNm _ _Waming _ effect of shear and torsion i neglectet Meza 4 khim Maps 177 6 iden Waring effect of shear and torsion i neglecter Obtanabie cata _ Geometrical data F Omensans of secton Mest properties EiGeneral properties in the princpal axis system 7 2 General propertes in the section edt system replaced in PY drechon shea stress from SV torsion FTZ direction shear stress from SV torsion i Remove tick from the chapters does not need to insert into the Gocumentation cme Loon _ 184 www consteelsoftware com GB CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 10 FIRE DESIGN 10 1 FIRE EFFECT AND PROTECTION Before define fire effect an accidental load group and at least one accidental load case must be created The fire effect and protection can be defined by clicking the appropriate icon O on the LOADS tab Loads checks Serviceabilty checks wt ii Ji 2 m T Du
30. directly from the GLOBAL CHECKS tab to click on the proper cross section on the model area or in the result table with right click 8 2 2 MEMBER CHECKS 8 2 2 1 BASICS Member design f5 B koai r r 7 All steel member design related functions can be found on the MEMBER DESIGN tab The following parts of the Eurocode 3 EN 1993 1 1 can be evaluated 6 3 1 Uniform members in compression 6 3 2 Uniform members in bending 6 3 3 Uniform members in bending and axial compression 8 2 2 2 INDIVIDUAL MEMBER DESIGN To run member design first the members have to be selected and then added to the list It can be performed by clicking on the ADD button After that one member has to be chosen and SELECT button is clicked Name Parameters State Validity a O Bt lee B5 L 12000mm IPE 330 Unexamined No B2 L 10000mm IPE 600 Unexamined No B9 L 6000mm IPE 330 Unexamined No B3 L 10000mm IPE 600 Unexamined No B7 L 6000mm IPE 330 Unexamined No B4 L 6000mm IPE 330 Unexamined No E If a member is selected the corresponding row highlighted with green and analysis results are automatically loaded Member design can be run if there is analysis result first and second order and cross check for the member Same like in the analysis the type of the result view can be set by three drop down menus www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Special analysis can be run by clicking on the second icon 1 Only one load com
31. distance between two ribs a parameter can be set 6 6 4 2 Sheeting with ribs perpendicular to the supporting beams The design shear resistance of studs is taken as the resistance of the stud in the solid slab multiplied by the reduction factor as defined in equation 6 23 limited to the maximum value as defined in Table 6 2 While calculating the resistance of studs in solid slabs the stud ultimate tensile strength is limited to 450 N mm 8 4 SERVICEABILITY CHECKS 8 4 1 BASICS All serviceability related functions can be found on the SERVICEABILITY tab By clicking on the blue arrow icon a new dialog appears The previously defined serviceability checks can be found and it is also possible to open or delete the selected checks Open check Delete check In order to create a new serviceability check NEW CHECK button is clicked The following checks can be performed amp Global horizontal deflection check Global vertical deflection check 169 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL Local deflection check by members Relative deflection check for 2 points 8 4 2 GLOBAL HORIZONTAL DEFLECTION CHECK Global horizontal deflection check can be used to check the biggest horizontal deflection in the model or in the model portion First or Second order analysis can be selected just like the serviceability load combinations that need to be taken into account Reference height can be typed in or two points can
32. editable field on the window If Automatic calculation is turned on and any changes take place then the calculation of the joint is automatically rerun It can be turned off In that case click on the CALCULATION button to run the calculation see previous picture 3 part In the pull down menu the type of the result visualisation can be set to three different types Summary for the whole joint Summary for the selected connection Detailed results of the selected connection In the last two cases a connection must be chosen in the connection tree 213 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Automatic calculation Calculation Summary of results of the whole joint Summary of results of the whole joint Summary of results of the selected connection E Detailed results of the selected connection Dominant load case Positive loading Class of ae Partial strength Beam flange and web in compression 6 2 6 7 Fec fb Rd 567 50 kN Dominant tension component Bot row 1 Column flange in bending Fti Ra 141 12 kN Mode 3 Bolt failure The result of the joint calculation can be seen in the highlighted part of the window If the detailed result is selected then all the results of the necessary calculations can be seen according to the selected load combination or according to the dominant load case IT SHOULD BE BEAR IN MIND THAT THE SETTINGS IN TH
33. kN or mm initial curvature the value of the initial curvature on structural bar members coordinate system the names of the local coordinate axes X Y Z Additionally arbitrary text can be assigned to structural elements manually on the DIMENSIONING dialogue using the last tool 3 6 DIMENSIONS For the documentation of the calculated structural model it is very important to be aware of the exact dimensions of the model The dimensioning tool can be found on the GEOMETRY tab 54 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL File Edit View Options Standards Help Geometry Structural members Loads Finite element Analysis Global checks Member checks 5e S OOCMIBD p n nA H Place dimension This provides a great number of different dimensioning options Projected dimension of a linear object gt l The projected length of the selected linear object onto the global X or Y or Z axis will be dimensioned Parameters Auto moving the mouse the system detects the desired reference axis m According to global axis X the X axis projection of the length of the linear object m According to global axis Y the Y axis projection of the length of the linear object m According to global axis Z the Z axis projection of the length of the linear object 55 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 7 Lengthwise dimension of a linear object The length of the select
34. members from the selection using the SHIFT Left click After the corresponding members have been selected and OK is clicked then the surface is created Surface load can be placed by using the method described in chapter 6 4 3 There are two visibility options view the surface load or view the distributed load Changing the views is possible by clicking on the dedicated icon which can be found among the visibility of graphics symbols setting There are two possible methods to convert surface load to the selected members Converting surface loads to uniform line loads is performed by a meeting the following requirements the resultant force of all the line loads is the same as for the surface load m the line loads are constant on all the selected members 116 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Distribute surface load to uniform line loads Distribute surface load based on structural points Endpoints of loaded bars common points of continuous bars toa _ Intersection points of loaded bars a Intersection points of loaded and unloaded bars laying in the surface a Intersection points of loaded and unloaded bars not laying in the surface Converting the surface load to line loads based on structural points has the following background 1 the surface load is first converted to concentrated point loads acting on the selected structural points using the Delaunay triangul
35. of finite Automatic Bow imperf L v 0 Bow imperf L w 0 Element type General beam column f Element group fias Design parameters Internal 2 m Layer Layer_1 In the design parameters window you can set the distance between parallel beams the number of shear studs the type of analysis moment redistribution and the support point positions along the member The support position table can be automatically filled up by 80 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL clicking on the button above the table You can create more design parameters and assign them to different members You can also use more design parameters to easily switch between them to find the best parameters or to simply compare different settings 7 Equal beam layout Distance between the paralell a 3000 beams b 500 mm b2 500 mm Z Automatic calculation Uncracked analysis acc to EN 1994 1 1 2010 5 4 2 3 Cracked analysis Moment redistribution according to EN 1994 1 1 2010 5 4 4 Table 5 1 Bracing points 1 2 3 4 0 333323 66667 1 5 2 2 HAUNCHED MEMBERS The created members can be strengthened if necessary by using HAUNCH function The haunch can only be used for members with I type IPE HEA welded I sections and the shape of the haunch is considered as half of a welded section with one flange with decreasing web height On the dialogue panel the length L height h web thickness tw flange width
36. supplementary web plate Morrison stiffener single or double skew plate stiffener etc 202 www consteelsoftware com 8 0 USER MANUAL CONSTEEL a ejd pug ajdwig ayejd uly 3 2 d 1955N5 aejd uly uwnjop 0 weag a ejd pug USO a ejd pu3 jdw pape 203 www consteelsoftware com 8 0 USER MANUAL CONSTEEU zejdu gam ejd pu3 UBWO we g 0 we g 31e d puz ajduuis zejd Jjds we g zejd pu3 USWOIWY sods wesg 3 e 0 puz ajawis 204 www consteelsoftware com 8 0 USER MANUAL CONSTEEL 90e1g ajsuy ejd aayds zejd oduey ajqnog Sp JAMO pue joddn _ Jeq puno 10 ajsue MO JOY 8qGN uoIpas Heig 932 JassnH ejdpu p yog 921g ajsuy ajejd jds ejd oduey ajqnog adpe PPIN 205 www consteelsoftware com 8 0 USER MANUAL CONSTEEL 206 uoys MO JOY JO qn uopas BdeIg 10 H mojjoy aqn uoypas pJoyp l azjds ssn pJOUD UOISUa Jeuejdnjnyy adAj 4 pue adAj N pue y weaq punoid YM a e q aseg UOQIBUUOD pisiy UdI IaS5 MOJJOH aseg uwnyjo www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Splice plate component One side simple One side double Two side double Two side simple splice plate splice plate splice plate splice plate 207 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 12 3 CREATE JOINT 12 3 1 CREATE JOINT WITHO
37. the supported column from the reference line If the column is moved with 300mm in the y direction in the local coordinate system then the position of the support will no change B164 HEA 600 HEA 600 Continuous Continuous Eccentricity y mm Eccentricity z mm Rotate deg Number of finite elemen Automatic Bow imperf L v 0 Bow imperf L w 0 Element type Beam column with wz 7 98 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL The support keeps its original relative position to the centreline of the column If the column is rotated with 45 degrees the support is also rotated accordingly but it keeps the directions of its local axis parallel to the axis of the global coordinate system which was selected by for positioning the support B164 HEA 600 HEA 600 Release start point Continuous Release end point Continuous Eccentricity y mnm 300 Eccentricity z mm 0 Rotate deg 45 Number of finite elemen Automatic Bow imperf L v 0 Bow imperf L w 0 Element type Beam column with wz a 3 Example The support is placed according to the global coordinate system the eccentricity is 300mm in the z direction of the local coordinate system of the supported column relative to the middle middle point of the section geometry
38. the member in the list at the bottom changes to Examined from Unexamined 8 2 2 3 MEMBER GROUP DESIGN By using the SELECT button it is possible to select more members for the member design SELECT can be used for remove members from the selection Member group design works nearly the same as individual member design there are just minor differences No special analysis can be run in member group design therefore the critical load factor cannot be selected If the members are selected then the next step is to select the design type and set the design parameters then click CHECK button similar to the individual member design 162 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Design parameters Resuits D Load combinations Load combination 1 Load combination 2 Load combination 3 Load combination 4 Load combination 5 Load combination 6 H i E Ej For each load combination member design can be turned off It is important to know that not all the design options can be run for all members in load combinations It depends on the analysis result Calculated problems e Load combination Load combination 2 X being co Examined system length s Strong axis buckling Summary of results a
39. the parameter of an existing member by clicking on it and assigning those Member parameters can be defined in the middle part of the dialog A mamo D E Initial bow imp o to Lk Element type Bement row m Naber of fite elements Local eccentricity yimm 0 z mm 0 degree 0 3000 eas e contnous ve Continous v 0 Ly 0 L z Members EI Naber of frite lent Local eccentricity y mm 0 z mm 0 it enamel Section before creating a beam or column member cross sections should be loaded and the appropriate section can be selected from the combo including the loaded sections If no section has been loaded in advance the SECTION dialogue can be called by pressing the Ss button next to the combo For more information about section administration see Chapter 9 2 A Parameters h 290 bf 300 tw 8 5 tf h 440 bf 300 tw 11 5 tf h 590 bf 300 tw 13 tf 2 h 790 bf 300 tw 15 tf 2 Source Standard Standard Lenmonncats Standard State Not used Not used Used Not used h 300 bf 300 tw 11 tf 1 Standard h 300 b 100 t 6 r 12 b1 100 tf1 10 h 200 tw bc 400 hc 700 I 150 t 1 www consteelsoftware com Standard In the m In the m Not used Not used Not used 76 CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Release start end predefined releases can be assigned to t
40. the rotation angle and click on the APPLY button The Effect of the options are the same as it was described above The further modifying functions are on the GEOMETRY tab Sizing of the selected objects Select objects to sizing Set the sizing centre the sizing reference point and the sizing multiplier point the distances of the sizing reference point and the sizing multiplier point to the sizing origin point determines the sizing factor The sizing will be performed The length and depending on the sizing origin maybe the position of the objects will be changed The length of the line loads will be changed proportionally PN curve selected line element Select the edge for bend Set the insert point gt Refract the selected line element Select the edge to refract and the insert point along the axis of the selected object Set the new position of the selected point The original object will be broken into two parts The coordinates of the new position of the selected point also can be given manually accordingly to the selected coordinate system A 2 Divide selected objects Lines and bars can be divided into equal or unequal parts By selecting the To equal parts option the number of the segments or the length of the segments can be set 71 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL To unequal length parts 2 A 1000 A By selecting the two unequal parts option a series of relative or
41. to check the model performance before executing more costly calculations for instance eigenvalue analysis The steps of the first order analysis are the following 1 Calculation of first order initial stiffness matrices K of the finite elements in their local coordinate system 2 Compiling the global stiffness matrix K and nodal force vector P of the whole model by transforming the element stiffness matrices into the global coordinate system 3 Modifying the global stiffness matrix and nodal force vector considering the special boundary conditions supports continuity releases between the elements prescribed displacements temperature loads etc 4 Solution of the basic linear system of equations which writes the relationship between the applied nodal forces known variables generated from the loads and the nodal displacements unknown variables U in the global coordinate system for the global model see section 7 2 FINITE ELEMENTS for the interpretation of nodal displacements and forces 1 KU P gt U K P 4 5 Calculation of the internal forces and stresses of the elements f in their local coordinate system by transforming the global nodal displacements of the element into local system u using their local stiffness matrices f K a Vie 2 7 5 2 SECOND ORDER The second order calculations take into account that the loaded and deformed structure can behave differently than
42. which will be the subject of the modification then click on the name of the part model you are going to modify and finally click on the MODIFY icon 3 ment Analysis Global checks Member checks EE Layers f Document b s a lx RRE go amp E Show hidden parts of the structure translucently different different different different different 51 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL The MODIFY PORTION window will appear with the following options Modify portior Add selected elements to portion 0 Remove selected elements from portion Assign only selected elements to portion Modify height h mm Add selected elements to portion By clicking the OK button the selected members will be added to the active portion When in the selection some member already belongs to the actually modified portion then it will have no additional effect Remove selected elements from portion All those selected elements will no longer belong to the modified portion Assign only the selected elements to portion The modified portion will contain only the selected elements Renaming the Portion can be done by clicking the name of the portion and click on RENAME icon 5 Portion can be deleted by clicking by clicking the name of the portion and click on DELETE icon 4 3 5 OBJECT NAMES AND RENUMBE
43. 0 USER MANUAL 5 8 SUPPORTS There are three types of supports in ConStee point support line support and surface support Structural members Loads Finite element Analysis Global checks Member checks PUPNARSGGHF PURE Supports can be placed according to the Point loads can be placed according to the Global vi Local EE or the User coordinate system Ay Placing supports according to the member local coordinate system is very useful feature when working with sloping members The visibility of the local coordinate system can be turned on with the Visibility of the coordinate systems option and also the name of the axes can be shown on the screen using the appropriate options of the Visibility of labels functions 5 8 1 POINT SUPPORT 4 Point supports can be placed on any part of a line member or surface member predefined points are not needed end points or snap points can be used 92 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL After selecting the coordinate system the type of the support has to be selected from the list box There are several point supports types predefined By positioning the used coordinate system determines the orientation of constrains of the 7 support Using the Global KON Local EE or the User coordinate system me the orientations of the constrains represented by the support will be different By changing the eccentricity of the suppo
44. 00 Building sizes parallel and perpendicular to the basic wind direction Parallel to the basic wind direction do mm Perpendicular to the basic wind direction bo mm Loaded area A m Ground level www consteelsoftware com 132 CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL The next step is to assign standard categories to the load transfer surfaces There are 7 categories wall flat roof sharp eaves flat roof with parapets flat roof curved eaves flat roof mansard eaves monopitch roof duopitch roof If duopitch roof is chosen two surfaces must be selected directly one after the other Standard surface category Duopitch root Velocity pressure WindyelocityPressure 1 al m Internal pressure Wind nternialPressure 1 m Geometric parameters WindGlobal 1 ans i P elect the surface Wind surface has a symbol of an air sleeve Wind surface can be modified by selecting and setting the parameters WindSurface Geometric parameters WindGlobal 1 WindInternalPressure 1 WindVelocityPressure 1 If the three dots icon is clicked the WIND ZONE VIEWER window is opened and the standard zones and Cpe values can be checked 133 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Schematic zone figure with sizes Wallview a d e e e 75 gt 4 5 e A10 Al B10 B1 C10 C1 D10 DA 12 14 08 11 05 05 07 10 08 11 05 05 07 1 0 E10 El 03 03 03 03 6 7 3 WIND GENERATOR Win
45. 2 LINE LOAD tai Line loads can be assigned to existing lines line members or edge of surface members or to lines drawn for the loads only for instance on a surface Line loads can be placed according to the Global ie Local i User coordinate 2 Bd system cS and Global projection system which is commonly used when modeling the snow load MsriOers qi X Y Z q2 X Y Z Position of q along the line x4 Poston af aadler ene ea o Local eccentricity e yimm o z mm o In order to place a line load click on the member using the select function M Line load can be applied to multiple members at the same time by using PLACE LOADS icon i 110 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL This case the members must be selected before clicking on the LINE LOAD icon on LOADS tab If just a partial line load need to be applied along the member then there are two ways to apply 1 The first way is to use the draw function by selecting the E icon and set the start point and the end point of the line load This function can be used both for linear and AL curved members in accordance with the selected drawing function Line loac B Ge amp General Wind action Parameters ai X Y Z 0 kN m q2 X Y Z 0 kN m Poston of q lana the Ine Ge o Position of q2 along the line x2 0 Local eccentricity we QcReteeniee ns Gal y mm o z mm o 111
46. 4 OD ee O e ES g E E E E EE EAE EPEE E A E E E ions 155 823 BUCKING CROCK erosten nen a EA 155 RESINS a E E EA 156 WAE S AE E T A E A E A E A A A E E A 157 3 LBAS E a N ee ee ee eee 157 5 www consteelsoftware com GS CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 8 2 2 2 Mdividual Member CSIC Is asec sete cence oracachuactean seeansceeeaanco ser recessanaese beens cateietuseeeeadeeereds 157 82 2 Mimnber Group DES Cia ecadarccaceaenosstaisenencsd vosacutasnncontacnagy utes ooauecd EE 162 oe 8 19 918 11 Kom JESIEN eee enone nn ee eae nora nee S ene ees 164 8 3 1 Composite column design ccsecccesseccccseccccesccecesececeeeececseeseceseuseceseeneceesseneeetsusecetsenes 164 a LL IRESUINS a E E E 165 8 3 2 COmposte hean desai eesi T E 166 DANS OOE era E ee eee ee 166 2 2 Deea OS e E EEEE 166 6 3 2 5 Design OF shear Studs creerea E EE 167 8 3 2 4 Additional comments on composite beam CESIAN cccccssecceceesececceneceeeeeseeeseueeeesenes 168 CAL Serviceapility CNECKS osecoccheasazcesoay vac nidecasoheseaeubaerant stay k e E iai iien 169 SABI E E E eeecasseaeiane eee 169 8 4 2 Global horizontal deflection check esssssssssenssssssssrersssssssssrrresssssssrrrresssssserereessssseeereesss 170 8 4 3 Global vertical deflection CHECK cccccccccccceessseeeecccccseeeessecccccceseueusseeeceessssuauseseeseeeenagas 170 8 4 4 Local deflection Check by members cccccccsssececessececeeseceeseesececeeseceseeueceeseesecessuecesseges
47. 6 2 Earthguake CHOC s iicecsdos acs dscridoesacusasndsnmsdseesdveaPudnusedoanasodtedeveadencndesatecossdiweasmitedeumaceesstereieds 127 6 6 2 1 Standard design response SpectrUM inisceavenedciancoasccdvoncbsdetunsscavesadiseannacusavnedhiacesanceaneneseins 127 6 6 2 2 User defined design response SpectrUM esssessesesrreserreresrrreesrereserersseeresererserereserersseeee 128 6 6 2 SEIS mic analysis Seting Seca seco aN 129 6 7 Wind IOC generator sineriirincriiisesiidinnneiinn e aai EN ANa 130 PARAN WA IS SS o r E A E EE E E oe A EE IE E EO 130 6 7 2 WING SUNT ACES sieer n EE EAEE 131 6 723 WNA GENE ITO erer E E E EE E E E E 134 7 Structural analysis ennonn E aA EE SAEN ERA 136 rA E AG NG Sires E PE A O S II EE E N E PET E A E O EA PE T 136 4 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 7 2 Finite elements wecerresvccessexoncet ior vncs picxunesosoennce siaanceti ovencesaeneees beonchiaxanetiaracepaaten eset 136 Ye ee E E see E ene eee eer eee ere er ee eee ee eee 136 Tedd NACE ING NG E E E A A A E A E E E nance eueiameaetve 137 7 3 Model check diagnostics cc siccicueiantrinnsnccevamateeadvavideracncianthiovtvadasimatdeniseusierasncixathlontncdssimatdess 139 FA ANN S SERINE en E E E E EER E E E E E 140 LALDT a E 140 7 4 2 Load combinations tab ccccccccssnnssesecccccccnnsssesecccecceenassenscccecssnaassssesececsenaasesesseeesaeaanes 142 TA Lodd Cace E e A E E E E AEE E E 142 TA NOUNS T D ee ER EE E uesenobeniesseveva
48. BASIC SETTINGS TAB On the BASIC SETTINGS tab set analysis will be performed for all load combination For a better transparency the analysis setting are ordered in separated groups Set analysis parameters Basic settings Load combinations Load cases Joints Clobal settings Calculate load combinations E Calculate simplified combinations by superposition Global imperfection Indude connection stiffness RP Statical calculations Ultimate limit states Serviceability limit states First order analysis First order analysis Second order analysis Second order analysis E Calculate load cases IW Suckling analysis Model portion Whole model Upper limit of relevant buckling eigen values E Buckling sensitivity Vibration analysis Settings of the Global settings group 1 are applied for the whole model 140 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL m For the calculations two types of load combination can be used 1 previously created load combinations see chapter 6 2 or 2 simplified load combinations by superposition of the load cases In case of second option just the first order analysis type is available but the running time of the calculation can be much more shorter instead of the first option With the global imperfection dropdown menu previously created Global imperfection see chapter 6 5 can be set for the model Only one global imperfection can be
49. CKS tab beam design related function can be found on the MEMBER CHECKS tab 8 3 1 COMPOSITE COLUMN DESIGN Cross section of the composite columns can be evaluated on the GLOBAL CHECKS tab by clicking on the blue arrow On the design dialog the Cross Section check design settings has to be chosen by the check box Checks can be performed according to the first or the second order analysis and for the whole or a previously created portion model b comp Fully encased I S ei Upper bars 7 me z Reinforcement TE Diameter Upper bars Lower bars Left bars Modulus of elasticity applied in structural analysis Secant modulus of elasticity Eom 22 Fem 10 29962 0 Design value of elastic modulus Ecd Ecmfc 19974 7 Spedal calculation of the effective flexural stiffness taking into consideration the shrinkage creep and cracking C Apply L 200 initial sway in Y direction E Apply L 150 initial sway in 7 direction If the initial sways in the y and z directions were applied on the checked cross section then the stability check of the composite columns can be neglected Cross section checks are enough 164 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 8 3 1 1 RESULTS The results of the performed checks are demonstrated with graphical visualization and result tables for the general functionality of tables used in ConStee see section 1 4 GENERAL FUNCTION
50. CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL EUROCODE VERSION lt CONSTEEL Version 8 0 08 05 2014 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL CONTENT 1 General descripti n een ee ee ne ee eee ey a 8 1 1 Installing the SOFtWALE ccccccesccccssececeesccccesececeececeeseecceececeaecesseeeeseeecesseecesseeeeseeeeagseeees 8 TZ TV Fi aN CO ana toes ornate AEN ernest one A E cnet ane E EANO 9 121 The SUA UI WW IIL O We ncracairataesteencewslened Erni N AEE EEE EEE ENE ENAERE 10 1 2 2 The graphical WINdOW sesriscisinserissinirsii dirn TTN TAN 10 DZ WIS mN A 11 LLA 8 gS 2 9 aer R 18 Be PING SOC Da E EE E E EE E E E A E EET 21 Te TS SAUS A a tee ecche mecca ea ered tctesasc tae acone eecand sade dora aceeesetig nace nadeataedonane ect 21 1 2 7 The windows of Object tree Diagnostics results and Object propertieS ccccccsceesseeeees 27 1 3 General structure Of dialogue WINKOWS ccccssecccsecccesceceesececeeceseusceeeeeeeseaecessuecessenees 31 1 4 General functions for tables ssrin A nays ethers ANa AETA 32 ESRO KOy eaa E E E A E EEO AEE EE EA 34 ANS E a E E E cs ec E E EE E A EN E OET 36 PLD a E E EEE E A EA oneraateaeeeae 36 PA ENC TIE S E E E E E E TE E E A 36 2 3 Model export into StruCad ssssssessseesssersssrrssrerssrerssrressrrssrrreseerssrerssrreseereseersseeesseeeserrese 37 ZS 1 COMO CUS modelexpo enpre EA 37 ad JOINT EDOT erii E E E E E E 40
51. Die eS OC Sarees E E A dosh PEE E osama ndaibe E E sees oarauude E EE T E 75 2 LMS WIA NCES sern A E E E ANE A E A A A E AE 75 aA L Creating line FINS MOOS edesset tetonaee rend ana deceaectune Nn NEE EEE E E OENE EEEE EEN 75 5 2 1 1 Composite column MOAEILING cccccceseccceseccceececeececeecseeeceeeneeeeeecsseuecesseceesueeeeeeesees 78 5 2 1 2 Composite beam modelling sectecesisecocarienswebrdsacnessadetecextcedseiseneoraleteedsstandesneeesevdnnesiouerabeteedes 79 5 2 2 Haunched gah ga 9 2 cae iikhen ink eee eer ee ee ee 81 S2 Tapered MEMDETS amen ee meen oe 83 Bie Oe SUNT a MSI aE AN E ARNE bens E nate gto cena O EE E E EANES 87 SK RD Tole A esac EEE E A EE PEA E E E doer seaepaces 88 TREA DOU eae E R AAE EE E A E E E 88 5 5 1 Modifying rigid body sssesesseseensesrenssrrrsssrrrssrreresrrresererssreressrereserresreresserresereresereessrereseeeesse 89 SG CONV Ell members to plat OS aca pacseescnsssacccansncentetorsparacosnacntssnnsesnaeceututsorssatacoinusntdseroensanseutatios 89 5 7 Material esirdin aiee T AE rE e AE E ERRE E E AREE E REEE ARES 90 Og OU OG S a E ER 92 SPSE egino a181 N A E TA E eee E ee eee 92 DeL INS UO eeo E 101 Bo rA O E e E EE 102 SI LIANG elements wise ce sucsaresspecnacnes onrar arie nE rE EEPE EPEE ES EENET ERA EEEa 103 591C Connect two structural DOI IES escenes aea EREE A 104 5 9 2 Connect two structural edges that are equal length and parallel 105 3 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 U
52. E CSJOINT MODULE PROFILES SIZES MATERIAL GRADES ETC WILL NOT EFFECTS THE 3D MODEL THE CHANGED VALUES WILL BE CONSIDERED IN THE JOINT CALCULATION ONLY THE USER HAVE TO WAY TO KEEP THE MODEL CONSISTENT 1 AFTER MODIFYING THE CONNECTION THE 3D MODEL HAS TO BE CHANGED ACCORDINGLY 2 CHANGE THE 3D MODEL FIRST RUN THE ANALYSIS REDEFINE THE CONNECTION 214 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 12 3 4 DEFAULT JOINT SETTINGS 8 0 USER MANUAL The default joint setting like weld sizes bolt diameter etc can be changed and saved Setting1 Web stiffeners Upper transverse plate Foundation bolts Plate thickness Welds ts 10 Plates Size of welds Moment end plate conne Gusset plate aw 4 Shear stiffeners Stiffener types Lower transverse plate Plate thickness ts 10 mm Size of welds aw 4 mm Dimensions of stiffener Plate thickness t 2 Size of welds aw 4 Stiffener of column flange Ai Size of weld aw 4 Thickness of plate ts 10 Create or delete new default settings Setting1 amp The default joint configuration file is saved to the Documents ConSteel folder as UserConfig xml For saving the data of a connection as a default setting click the icon Joint identification Name Joint_1 Comment www consteelsoftware com 215 CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 12 4 ANALYSIS OF CONNECTIONS All the analysis in CSJOINT module is ba
53. G SNAPSHOTS 8 0 USER MANUAL IT SHOULD BE BEAR IN MIND THAT THE DOCUMENTATION NEED TO BE REGENERATED TO BE UP TO DATE AFTER ANY CHANGES HAS BEEN MADE ON THE MODEL IF THERE ARE SNAPSHOTS IN THE DOCUMENTATION THESE SNAPSHOTS SHOULD BE TAKEN AGAIN AND NEED TO BE ADDED TO THE The second icon on the DOCUMENT tab can be used to take a snapshot of the model The Snapshots can be easily added to the desired part of the documentation see 11 2 1 1 chapter for detailed information Name of picture 1 Figure Dimension of picture A4 Portrait r Height mm 247 Width mm 180 Lier size lt a The size of the snapshot can be set and a dashed rectangle shows which part of the model would appear on the picture The model can be moved or rotated to fit into the dashed rectangle With the PRINT button the actual view of the model can be printed directly from the dialog www consteelsoftware com 194 CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL goc R OOCR R DRAIN Aad Cec r BaBeark s al gt BR ip i an w Y haro eAk x po 2 ine L BASO vos os 11 2 3 SNAPSHOT MANAGER The third icon on the documentation tab is the Snapshot manager where the taken snapshots can be exported to a file or can be deleted from the model except if the picture was inserted into the documentation in order to reduce model file size Multiple selected pictures can be saved and deleted at the same ti
54. Irmin ind_O _ Int_FGHmax_Urmax ind_O Int_FGHmax_Umin 0 0 Pressure Suction 0 0 0 0 ind_O Int_FGHmin_Umax 0 Suction Pressure 0 90 90 Suction Pressure Suction Suction Pressure Pressure Pressure Suction ind_O Int_FGHmin_Umin Suction Suction ind 90 FGHrmax_Lrnax ind 80 FGHmax_lUmin Pressure Pressure Pressure Suction 6 7 2 WIND SURFACES Any load transfer surface can be selected as a wind surface It is advised to cover all wind attacked sides of the model with load transfer surfaces It is important to check the local axes directions of the load transfer surfaces All Z axes must point out of the building If modification is necessary then it is recommended to use the invert z axis tool on the EDIT LOAD TRANSFER SURFACE dialog see image below Name LTS7 omm 131 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Before selecting the wind surfaces velocity pressure internal pressure and geometric parameters must be set ityPr ae Velocity pressure depending on reference height Terrain category gp Nim2 1500 0 Roughness length zo m Minimum height Zmin m Parameters Basic wind velocity vp m s 25 Air density p kg m 1 25 Orography coefficient colz 1 Turbulence factor k 1 Name WindInternalPressure 1 es Internal pressure factor for wind direction Cpi 0 0300 cry9040 20002 C w Cpi 180 0 200 Cpi 270 0 2
55. L MODELLING for the modeling warnings The TO elements have only 1 DOF which is the longitudinal displacement U These elements are considered in the calculation only if they are subjected to tension accordingly the calculations are iterative in nature At first an analysis is performed considering all the TO elements modeled by one finite element Next a force check is executed on the TO elements and the compressed ones are neglected from the model and a new calculation is 138 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL initiated It is continued until all the TO elements has tension This model configuration is taken into account in the eigenvalue calculations SINCE THE EIGENVALUE CALCULATIONS CAN NOT BE PERFORMED ITERATIVELY IT MAY HAPPEN THAT IN THE EIGENSHAPE THE TO ELEMENT GETS COMPRESSION I E ITS LENGTH SHORTENS IN THIS CASE IF THIS EFFECT IS SIGNIFICANT AND SHOULD BE AVOIDED A NEW EIGENVALUE ANALYSIS SHOULD BE RUN WITHOUT THE TO ELEMENT 7 3 MODEL CHECK DIAGNOSTICS In ConStee there is a possibility to perform a model check previous to executing any calculations This function automatically runs before starting the finite element mesh generation or analysis but can be initiated any time switching the Diagnostics on the VIEW menu and run examining the recent state of the model There are two kinds of diagnostics messages ERROR the errors make the calculations impossible or meaningless to ex
56. NSIST OF THE ORIGINAL SECTION AND THE HAUNCH WITH APPROPRIATE WEB HEIGHT THESE NEW SECTIONS ARE PLACED ECCENTRICALLY ON THE REFERENCE LINE OF THE MEMBER EXCEPT THE SYMMETRICAL HAUNCH TYPE Dx 0 6mm Dz m node 26 element 23 24 THIS ECCENTRICITY CAUSES ADDITIONAL EFFECTS IN THE ANALYSIS RESULTS DUE TO THE ECCENTRIC POSITION OF THE SECTIONAL FORCES FOR INSTANCE AT THE BEAM TO COLUMN CONNECTION POINT OF A FRAME WITH HAUNCHED BEAMS AND OR COLUMNS THE EQUILIBRIUM OF THE IN PLANE BENDING MOMENTS EXISTS ONLY IF THE ADDITIONAL MOMENTS FROM THE ECCENTRIC AXIAL FORCES ARE TAKEN INTO ACCOU NT 5 2 3 TAPERED MEMBERS Tapered members are frequently used in the economic design of steel framed structures so the fast and simple modelling of tapered members is of high importance For the definition of tapered member first a line member with welded or H box or cold formed C section should be created in the model 83 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Hot rolled and other shape of Macro section can t be tapered With the TAPERED MEMBER function L the section height of these sections can be set to linearly varying along the member length First the user has to specify the parameters and beam eccentricity options for the member to be tapered on the TAPERED MEMBER dialogue Specify the start H1 and end section height H2 independently of the original section height of the cross section The s
57. Name A HEM 280 h 310 bf 288 tw 18 5 tf 33 r 24 Steel standard Standard Used SHS 90x4 b h 90 t 4 r 8 i Steel standard Standard Not used Welded_L b1 250 tfl 20 h 600 tw 6 b2 25 Steel welded Inthe m Not used Into library_ 172 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Sections can be loaded from the library into the model In the section library all the most used standard European sections can be found in a tree structure If a section is selected the all the properties can be seen at the right Multiple sections can be loaded at the same time by using the typical Windows selection tools CTRL or SHIFT buttons h 250 mm b 260 mm t 7 5 mm t 12 5 mm r 24 mm European wide parallel flange beams hot olled ARBED profile according to Euronorm 53 62 Rename Delete It is very important to know that the material grade of the member must be chosen when the section is loaded into the database So called macro sections can also be created in ConSteel The following macro section types can be created Steel o Welded from plates o Cold formed or hot rolled o Compound Reinforced concrete Composite m Buckling Restrained Brace 173 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 9 3 SECTION MODELLING 9 3 1 THE EPS MODEL T st WQ Genera File Model Properties Standard resistance Documentation Model Elastic Plate Segment
58. ON 179 www consteelsoftware com GB CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 9 4 4 EFFECTIVE CROSS SECTION If the first icon fa is clicked and EPS model is selected then effective section take into consideration 9 4 5 STANDARD RESISTANCE CALCULATIONS my be bebe For the given loading case the module determines the necessary and possible checks performs all the standard calculations and evaluates the dominant case 9 4 5 1 STEEL CROSS SECTIONS The standard design procedures performed on the EPS model cover the major part of steel design methods in the Eurocode the whole EN 1993 1 1 and parts of EN 1993 1 5 including the calculations of general elastic resistance examination of pure cases plastic and conservative interaction resistances of certain section types web buckling analysis 180 www consteelsoftware com STEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL The following design checks are calculated by CSSECTION Section class Verification type Pure forces 6 2 3 6 2 4 6 2 5 7 6 2 6 2 3 e 6 2 6 4 5 6 2 7 EN 1993 1 5 Interactions plastic V T 6 2 7 6 26 6 2 7 6 27 5 6 2 7 6 28 5 M V T 6 2 8 My N V T 6 2 9 6 32 6 2 9 6 33 6 34 6 36 6 2 9 6 39 ENV 1993 1 1 1995 E 5 4 8 1 5 34 Miz N V T 6 2 9 6 32 6 2 9 6 35 6 37 6 38 6 2 9 6 40 ENV 1993 1 1 1995 E www consteelsoftware o
59. On the basis of the selected load groups the notional loads will be generated automatically in the selected load combinations Direction of the notional loads can be defined automatically or can be set for every load combinations Multiplication factor for magnitude of notional load can be selected from the dropdown menu or can be type manually This factor means how much percentage of the selected loads will be act as a notional load Value can be between O and 1 Pressing the APPLY or the OK button the notional load will be created Jal E eee ee 3lobal imperfecti Notional load Initial sway Application of eigenshape V Apply notional load Multiplication factor for magnitude of notional load Ni To Load combinations Load combination 1 X Load combination 2 Automatic Load combination 3 Automatic Load combination 4 Y Load combination 5 Automatic Load combination 6 Automatic Load combination Load combination 8 Automatic Load combination 9 Automatic Load combination 10 Automatic Load combination 11 Automatic Load combination 12 Automatic Load cornbination 13 Automatic Load combination 14 Automatic Load cormnbination 15 Automatic ia a a a a a e E a z z 4 Tea enn en 6 5 2 INITIAL SWAY Initial sway can be set for the whole model 121 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL With the NEW button seve
60. RESENTS THE WARPING OF THE CROSS SECTION ACCORDINGLY IF A CROSS SECTION ON A CERTAIN PLACE IS CONSIDERED TO FIXED FOR WARPING FOR INSTANCE IN HEAVILY STIFFENED JOINTS THE 7 DOF SHOULD BE FIXED IN JOINTS CONSISTING SEVERAL MEMBERS ESPECIALLY WHEN MEMBER ECCENTRICITIES ARE PRESENT IT IS RECOMMENDED TO APPLY WARPING SUPPORT 5 8 2 LINE SUPPORT E Line supports can be assigned to existing lines line members or edge of surface members or to lines drawn for the support only for instance on a surface Parameters support Local eccentricity There are two default types for line supports the Fixed and the Pinned With the button it is also possible to define a new line support by giving the attributes of constrains as it is needed 101 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Name of support model LS x y zz w Degrees of freedom wine E a ay a W By positioning a line support the effect of the applied coordinate system and local eccentricity type are the same as for the point support The select function The line support will be placed to the selected edge of a surface an edge of boundary or an edge of a hole or to an axis of a beam The draw function a The line support will be placed between the first and the second point defined by the draw function on the surface or on an axis of a beam 5 8 3 SURFACE SUPPORT tea Surface supports can be assigned to existing surfaces
61. RING Names and labels are used for the better organization of the different objects in the model and for the better transparency of the documentation The names and numbers of the objects are generated automatically while modeling In some cases for example creating Joints the user has the opportunity to give a name for the objects The following name and renumbering options are available numbering of finite element points generated fully automatically the user can t influence the process 52 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL names of structural element these are generated automatically while the user creates copies structural objects beam column plate wall consisting of a prefix and a number for instance B1 for a bar element These names appear on the object tree in the right side table The names can be modified by the RENUMBER SELECTED OBJECTS tool on the STRUCTURAL MEMBERS tab Using this function a specific prefix and a start number can be defined and a direction can be set in which the renumbering will be processed On the finite element view these names denote the numbering of the finite elements of the members names of structural supports releases and links these names show the type of the placed support release or link objects for instance Fixed or yy zz w names of joints these names show the user defined names of a placed joint for i
62. Rd 220 49 kNm Beam span j i E Nj Ra 542 72 kN E i i e Vj Rd 265 71 kN Lb 10661 7 mm ial sti Sj in 133514 04 kNmrad Secant stiffness for applied moment Sjsec 133514 04 kNm rad Set with mouse a a Stiffness class Rigid Class of strength Partial strength Dominant compression component Column web panel in shear 6 2 6 1 Vwp Rd 633 51 kN Dominant tension component Fit Rd 141 12 kN z cose 212 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL END PLATE properties geometry material can be edited in the 1 part of the image below Bolt properties can be seen on 2 part Joint loading Right flange Moment end Beam i Welds 780 Right flange Moment end plate connection Warning The haunch flange thickness is less then the beam flange thickness Error 0 Warning 1 Hint 0 Right flange Joint results for positive loading Moment resistance Mj Rd 267 82 kNm Nj Rd 705 60 kN Vj Rd 322 36 kN Sj ini 392646 70 Sj sec 392646 70 Rigid Partial strength ent compon Beam flange and web in compression 6 2 6 7 Fe fb Rd 587 50 kN Dominant tension component Fti Rd 141 12 kN Mode 3 Bolt failure The size of the welds and the method of weld design can be set if the WELDS is clicked in the joint tree Any changes made on the joint will take place either when pressing Enter on the keyboard or by clicking to another
63. S DESIO cecon eT a AEE EEEE AAE a OEE TREE ENN 185 10 1 Fire elfect and Protection sear as crease ceedenteestaicas semetoeazannesn ai a n E Ea Aa aTe A E 185 LOZAN eroaa E EEE IAEE OE E EEEN E E TAE EEE EEA 186 aLe D E A E A ee E A E E A E 187 11 Documentation cece ceccccsecceeeeceeeccaeseceeeeesseceesecesseeceseeceseecessusesseceeascesaesessesessesesees 190 Be ES 1 IC ate ce cit cates cei eis A A E cae cece A senses one oa reece E eee paca ene E E 190 11 2 The document tab saseccntscraesatvs there taevenaisnncsesdnpopet satrentbendeduesenaionansendnanvatsatvensbundadaesencionnsenaants 190 112 A Steal t COC UMN el IOM seseo 190 11 2 1 1 DOCUMENTATION module eeesssssssseeeeecccccccccessaceaeesssssssseeeeeececesesessausauaesssssseseeeeeeees 192 11 22 CreaUng SHAS IOUS scissrpsnorencnnin enni E 194 1123 Sapho manag Ol eearereina E 195 AMO PiN NA O a E E E N 196 P aaee T E A A A naneaeumedeene 197 12 L BASIC an crease E E E O E E E EE E A dane toeaegeenaees 197 TP 2 PONG e EE E E A A E etewenaneaquonroeteat 197 BoA E a E E O O IE OAE I O IOE OAA P E E OA T 208 12 3 1 Create joint without MOEN sasisisssicscsssained constendssadsenstieecectuantnsdesnatesetencdevntiesesnetnoedssceaseninnss 208 12 32 Create JOnt DY MORE liniers T 209 1253 3 Manip lating COnNNeEcCtHONS sesissrerirereies ni EE 210 12 3 4 Default joint settings sssssssssssssssececeeecccccceesseeeeeessssssseeeeeeeseceeeeessaasagaesssssseeeseeeeess 215 124 Ana
64. S FOR TABLES The shown results can be changed in the drop down menu Composite Interaction resistance Steel k Dominant calculation General elastic cross section Fure resistances Plastic interaction resistance Conservative interaction resistance Pure resistances When moving the mouse along the structural elements the result markers continuously appear showing the actual utilization The detail of the results can be seen in the Section module see section 9 SECTION MODULE Section module can be opened directly from the GLOBAL CHECKS tab to click on the proper cross section on the model area or in the result table with right click and select the CALCULATE SECTION menu 165 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 8 3 2 COMPOSITE BEAM DESIGN To run composite beam design go to MEMBER CHECKS tab and select COMPOSITE BEAM tab in the table at the bottom of the screen Then select the composite beams and click on ADD button Now the selected beams are added to the table Select the beam s from the list which you would like to design and click on SELECT SELECT button You can select which load combinations and first or second order results to use for the design Then click on the CHECK button and the design will be performed Composite beam design in ConSteel is carried out according to EN 1994 1 1 2010 standard The design bending resistance is determined using plasti
65. SER MANUAL 6 Struct ral Loads aoy tess otnactsaaepncat come connaiawannes buns aisamepeced E EEE ATEEN E binaaisauanecedsermecansaiannonrs binscssaan 106 ELBI 6 ee en oe ene ne eee ee ee ee A T eee 106 6 2 Load cases and load groups avacivsiaccnsvvsavannveveniassniaveniuviacannveravennuelentatsaiavanivetananiveanouwedaaans 106 AE skee nie aLa E E A E T E E niuaies nan song nNN 108 6 4 OG ara swears terval ye eae ninii anni on ENEE NENEA E ENEAN albeitsnemiedie Selon rcdavoncheuelacanalenncortentsentrcdarencieesae 109 CALPONIA E E E TS 109 BAL ENET r E E E T eee eee 110 PARTENE WNA O ee E E E A E E 113 iF SUI E aoe PEA E E A A E A S EE A E E E T 114 cA AAO ac roan er Se Ces E E E E 115 6 4 4 1 Modifying load transfer surface ccccccessccccessececcesececcescceceesececseeceeeeasecesausecessenecetseees 118 cAn EIS IEO EEE E 118 6 4 6 Prescribed displacement eera iaiipi rn a E A 119 64 7 Change in lengeth tension TOrCE sprioc e R 119 625 GIG Dal imperfections vacjescrosicesacuecesanewsparocayanneoautdcseeuesesecerssavacas aa EA Nai 120 ELNO Onal LOG oee r a E A A EA E E set A E IE E EO eee 120 CS2 MA SWAY aore A E EE 121 eS 5 ADDICTION o eeens ha pE sereine rE AA ETS 122 oo to mal Apply eren hape iee E N 123 oo Meo Managing eigenshaptS ee eee eee ne eee ee ee 124 OL E NOC oora anaa EEOAE EDE EAE S AEE E A T EN 125 6 6 1 Seismic load group and load CASEC ceccccessececcesecccceesececceecceceuseceseuseceesueeceesauecesseneceesees 126 6
66. Strectursimembers Loads inte element Analysis Giobaichecks Memberchecks Sermcestiity checks Layers Document Fi iy Second order ktemafoces My Diegem 7 Gee H 5 0l VU UC BBSaark _Le27000mm Composite beam 2 L 27000men Composite beam Edge 1 8 3 2 4 ADDITIONAL COMMENTS ON COMPOSITE BEAM DESIGN 6 2 2 3 Shear buckling resistance The shear buckling resistance of the web is determined in accordance with section 5 and Appendix A of EN 1993 1 5 2006 The shear resistance contribution of the flanges is ignored 6 2 2 4 Bending and vertical shear The influence of vertical shear on the bending resistance is ignored if the vertical shear force is less than the half of the shear resistance For Class 1 or 2 cross sections if the vertical shear force exceeds the half of the shear resistance the reduced design steel strength is used to calculated the bending strength of the member as defined in 6 2 2 4 2 6 4 Lateral torsional buckling of composite beams 168 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Lateral torsional buckling of composite beams is not included 6 6 4 1 Sheeting with ribs parallel to the supporting beams The design shear resistance of studs is taken as the resistance of the studs in solid slab multiplied by the reduction factor as defined in 6 6 4 1 2 If the sheeting is discontinuous ConSteel assumes that it is welded to the flange of the beam but the
67. TOMATIC FINITE ELEMENT GENERATION WITH APPROPRIATE SECTION HEIGHTS THESE NEW SECTIONS ARE PLACED ECCENTRICALLY ON THE REFERENCE LINE OF THE MEMBER EXCEPT THE SYMMETRICAL TAPERING THIS ECCENTRICITY CAUSES ADDITIONAL EFFECTS IN THE ANALYSIS RESULTS DUE TO THE ECCENTRIC POSITION OF THE SECTIONAL FORCES FOR INSTANCE AT THE BEAM TO COLUMN CONNECTION POINT OF A FRAME WITH TAPERED BEAMS AND OR COLUMNS THE EQUILIBRIUM OF THE IN PLANE BENDING MOMENTS EXISTS ONLY IF THE ADDITIONAL MOMENTS FROM THE ECCENTRIC AXIAL FORCES ARE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT 86 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 5 3 SURFACE MEMBERS Plane surface members with uniform thickness can be modelled Two options are available for surface member modelling the arbitrary shaped and positioned plate member and the vertical and square wall member wN The latter one is a modelling aid for the frequently used definition of walls since only the reference base line and the two height values should be defined L Aa mm Xi th Ds 12 15 EN 1992 1 1 2010 T fet one corner point of the rectangle 500 1 200 mm C12 15 EN 1992 1 1 2010 w In the PLATE and WALL definition panels the drawing functions are collected in order to create the plate with the desired shape Arbitrarily shaped holes can be defined in existing plate members Three parameters can be set the thickness the material and the finite element size of the surface member The finite element
68. UT MODEL Joint models can be created without global model by clicking on the EDIT JOINT icon on the STRUCTURAL MEMBERS tab Geometry Structural members Loads Finite element Analysis Global checks Member checks Serviceability checks ZUSNRSZF lila A a n ARE Edit joint In this case the geometry and the loads need to be set manually After clicking on the CREATE BUTTON on the top left corner the name of the joint must be given There is an option to select one of the predefined parameter file These files contain the preferred basic parameters of the joint which will be used for the creation The user could prepare several parameter files Then the type of the joint needs to be chosen see chapter 12 2 for the possible joint types The next step is to choose the geometry of the connection and then the type of connection 208 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 12 3 2 CREATE JOINT BY MODEL Creating joint by the model is simple and easy Just click on the CREATE JOINT BY MODEL button and select the joint Geometry Structural members Loads Finite element Analysis Global checks Member checks Serviceability checks Create joint by model The members will be automatically identified and the possible connection types are offered Here it is possible to remove some members from the connection by removing the appropriate tick Default settings of the joint Default After creat
69. absolute lengths can be defined measured from A or B endpoint of the object Break two selected objects Select the two intersected objects to break Both object will be broken by the intersection point It works with linear and curved objects lt Trim selected element by cutting edge Select cutting edge Select the part to be trimmed It works both with linear and curved objects Extend selected line elements to limit line Selecting the limit line and click on the linear object to extended to the limit line a a Divide by trim Cut out a part of the selected element Select object for cut out Select start point and the end point of the segment of the cut out NI Chamfer of two selected linear element Select the first and the second linear element The chamfer will be applied according to the order of selection 72 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Parameters First chamfer distance mm Second chamfer distance mm eee the first straight line Filleting of the edge of the section of two line element Select the first and the second linear element Chose a fillet radius 4 6 LAYERS W layers dialog window can be used for Create new layers Copy existing
70. al vibration and any interactions of these 7 6 ANALYSIS RESULTS 7 6 1 RESULT TYPES For the two types of finite elements line and surface elements the following analysis results are available 1 Line elements First and second order calculations Deformations on the finite element nodes in the global coordinate system XYZ all components X only displacements in the X direction Y only displacements in the Y direction Z only displacements in the Z direction Equilibrium signed summation of the internal nodal force components and the appropriate external force and reaction components all the values should be zero which means the model is in equilibrium in the calculated deformed state Internal forces on the end nodes of each finite element in the local coordinate system N axial force V shear force in the local y direction V shear force in the local z direction M torsional moment Ml My bending moment about the local y axis M bending moment about the local z axis B bimoment m Reactions on the support nodes in the global coordinate system R all the reaction forces and moments Rp all the reaction forces 146 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Repr all the reaction moments R reaction force in the in the global X direction R reaction force in the in the global Y di
71. ame as the buckling design in ConStee usage there are only small differences New cases can be defined and unnecessary cases can be deleted For each segment start and end node can be set Design parameters Resuits Lateraltorsional buckling 3 67 e O 1 2 3 Segments Start node End node 0 00 l Segment 1 2 iT Zee s F Segment 23 Zamm Bn G Limm Mer kNm kz kw C1 C2 C3 zg Segments 1 2 2733 00 548 96 1 00 1 00 1 88 1 00 0 94 0 00 E Segments 2 3 1717 00 805 51 1 00 1 00 1 21 1 00 1 00 0 00 By clicking on the three dots icon the design parameters can be altered The elastic critical bending moment can be calculated from the analytic formula or from the critical load multiplier When the first method is used the factors can be typed in or a special automatic C factor calculator can be used by clicking on the AUTOC button The second option is to choose the corresponding critical load multiplier from the list 161 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Design parameters Results Lateraltorsional buckling Place Segment 1 2 Hastic critical bending moment kNm 618 31 Analytic formula Effective length factor Ke 130 Warping factor kw 0 84 Ci factors Cr 2 44 Ca 1 00 Eccentricity of load mm a 00 Ciical load mukiplyer eigenvalue a Interaction stability design goes through the steps of the pure cases After the check is made the state of
72. amp oe a e com Shape type 181 CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 9 4 5 2 COMPOSITE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE CROSS SECTIONS In case of reinforced concrete section the CSSECTION module can perform just the resistance surface of the section It is also possible to view the resistance line along three different axes and the arbitrary section www consteelsoftware com 182 CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL For the composite sections the resistance surface and the part of the EC 4 are performed The following design checks are calculated by CSSECTION for the composite sections Pure forces O MERAM D O BEBBE D OO MENEN O BEMBE E 9 4 5 3 RESULTS There is a short summary about the calculations on the right and also the name of the dominant case formula and load combination can be found there Summary Adequate Ra 8 O o Load combination tebe Pure resistances Compression E Bending about the maji 89 3 EN 1994 1 1 6 7 3 2 6 19 figure 6 7 3 5 200 0 kNm 2 561 406 630 0 mm part of stanc i Interaction E Compression Bending 81 1 EN 1994 1 1 6 7 3 6 6 45 formula 1 000 0 kN 200 0 kNm 224 1 kNm 274 1 kNm 2 part of stang Design resistance 183 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 9 5 DOCUMENTATION Each analyzed cross section can be separately documented in
73. ath of the grade conversion file C ConSteel 6 0 Data Export MatnameConvStruCad csv 39 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL The user could select the right name conversion files by clicking the appropriate icon After changing any of the section names or material names the user can save the changes clicking the Ei icon at the bottom left of the above window for further use In order to import the model into StruCad click on the dedicated ConSteel icon in StruCad or use the CSIMPORT command The exported macro files of the joints must be copied into the relevant StruCad model s mac folder Afterwards these joints will appear among the Local Macro end types in StruCad 2 3 2 JOINT EXPORT For exporting only joints the EDIT JOINT function has to be chosen from the STRUCTURAL MEMBERS tab Geometry Structural members Loads Finite element Analysis Global checks Member checks Serviceability checks By pressing CTRL SHIFT E keys all the defined connection will appear in a window To choose a destination folder and to give the optional parameters are same as above 40 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL O ecto export Names of exported macro files Connection identifier Name of macro file BB Left beam BB Right beam csc 2 BB 1 Left beam csc 3 BB 1 Right beam csc 4 BB 7 Left beam csc 5 BB 7 Right beam csc 6 The
74. ation technique 2 the concentrated loads are then converted to line loads on the selected members meeting with the following requirements the resultant force of all the line loads is the same as for the surface load the line loads are linear on all the selected members the end value of the line loads on the selected structural points for all the selected members are equal Distribute surface load to uniform line loads Distribute surface load based on structural points Bee ce a points of continuous Intersection points of loaded bars Py Intersection points of loaded and unloaded bars laying in the surface 117 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL The basic working method is the following 8 0 USER MANUAL First create the load transfer surface Select the members which it distributes load to or accept the default setting which is distribute loads to all planar members Apply surface loads to the surface at every load case where it is necessary 6 4 4 1 MODIFYING LOAD TRANSFER SURFACE Load transfer surface can be modified by selecting it and changing the properties in the property bar Member selection can be easily modified from the planar members to selected members It is possible to highlight the previously selected members by clicking on the blue thick Load transfer surface 1 Name of load transfer s Member selection Load transfer surface main model id 2524 Selected membe i
75. atus bar K are for specifying the interpretation of the coordinates during drawing modeling actions while values are entered manually after pressing the appropriate letter X Y Z L for coordinate axis or length into a direction or a b L for polar coordinates The user could influence the interpretation of the manually entered values with the following settings D Global i User A Absolute Relative 21 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL K Descartes 4 Polar Even if you are in Descartes coordinate system and you have picked the first point of a new structural beam approaching another point with your cursor in the model space after typing L lowercase you can enter the length of your beam manually into the L field Than press the Enter key By moving or clicking the slider with the right mouse button the size trl P ap sophisticated visibility adjustment Approaching any of these icons with the cursor a group of representation of the objects can be changed The next four icons allow the graphic symbols will appear ordered into a matrix shape Clicking the first icon on each of these four visibility setting matrix the scope of the settings will be changed between global i valid for all tabs or valid only for the current tab Setting this option on any of the 4 visibility matrix the selected scope will change on all the other three accordingly Changing this s
76. bination can be selected at the same time Buckling and lateral torsional buckling analysis is performed just for the selected member If the normal force is negligible then no buckling analysis can be run On the basis of these special analysis ConSteel can determine the factors effective length factors warping factor etc for the buckling and the lateral torsion buckling design To Name Number of buckling eigenshapes Number of LT buckling eigenshapes Load combination 1 5 5 Load combination 2 5 5 L Load combination 3 5 5 TT Load combinations 5 5 TT Serviceabitity 1 5 5 Serviceability 2 5 5 Serviceability 3 5 5 Serviceability 4 5 5 The next step is to choose the load combination and design type from the options pure cases strong axis buckling weak axis buckling lateral torsional buckling and interaction Stability interaction of buckling and lateral torsional buckling interaction of buckling and bending interaction of lateral torsional buckling and bending The dominant load combination is automatically selected and marked with a symbol 158 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Design parameters Resuits Load combinations Load combination 2 Buckling V Strong axis buckling Lateraltorsional buckling Interaction stability Interaction of buckling and lateraltorsional buckling members susceptible to torsional deformations Ne Moby
77. c effect must be set in each load cases Load case In case of each load cases permanent variable etc must be set to consider the loads as mass if it should be taken in to account in the calculation The setting can be done on the field of the load cases Load case Name DL Load group Permanent ef oe a Z The actions can be favorable in the combination 126 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 6 6 2 EARTHQUAKE EFFECT b gt EARTHQUAKE EFFECT dialog can be opened in two ways 1 Directly from the LOAD CASES AND LOAD GROUPS dialog Click on the tree dots button on the seismic load case s field 2 With the dedicated EARTHQUAKE EFFECT function on the LOADS TAB Response spectrum can be defined in two ways 1 According to the Eurocode 8 2 Entering the points of the spectrum by the user 6 6 2 1 STANDARD DESIGN RESPONSE SPECTRUM Basic data Type of spectrum 2 Importance dass I wi Consider vertical seismic effect Ground type c fe Z Same behaviour in Horizontal XY directions Ground acceleration a gR m s2 0 981 Behaviour f in dir Horizontal X qx TE Vertical acceleration ayg ag 0 45 Behaviour f in dir Horizontal Y qy 1 5 Lower limit of spectrum B 02 Behaviour F in dir vertical Ee Show response spectrum Horizontal Po The standard design response spectrum can be defined according to the EuroCode 8 The parameters of the spectrum are automat
78. c theory according to 6 2 1 2 or 6 2 1 3 where the cross section is in Class 1 or 2 The section class is determined acc to 5 5 2 Class 3 and 4 cross sections are not covered by ConSteel composite beam design The composite beam is checked for plastic bending vertical shear and shear buckling crushing of the concrete flange and longitudinal shear at all the critical cross sections The critical cross sections are determined according to 6 1 1 4 The following methods are not included in ConSteel non linear resistance to bending 6 2 1 4 and elastic resistance to bending 6 2 1 5 The profiled steel decking is assumed not to contribute to the resistance 8 3 2 1 ANALYSIS MODEL In the analysis model the calculation of the effective width of concrete flange is based on the method defined in 5 4 1 2 During the elastic analysis constant effective width is assumed over the whole length of each span 5 4 1 2 4 The spans are calculated according to the support positions along the beam which can be set in the design parameters window Equivalent spans are calculated according to the method described in 5 4 2 1 In the analysis tab the analysis model is displayed 8 3 2 2 DESIGN MODEL For the design model there is a special algorithm which analyse the bending moment diagram of the beam to recognise the support positions and also calculates the lengths between points of zero bending moment i e equivalent spans Le 166 www const
79. cope will also change the visibility between the previously adjusted global and the current tab visibility settings Visibility options of graphic symbols zX A Visibility of lines created with line circle and arc function of Geometry menu Visibility of the structural members created with beam or column function in Structural members menu Switching these members non visible their centerlines might still be visible accordingly to the status of line visibility settings F Visibility of pins end releases 22 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL L Visibility of the 2 dimensional shapes Switching these 2 dimensional shapes non visible their surrounding lines might still be visible accordingly to the status of line visibility settings a Visibility of the 3 D objects plates slabs and walls Switching these 3D objects non visible the surrounding lines and 2d shape components might still be visible 5 accordingly to the status of line visibility settings of lines a and 2d shapes amp visibility of supports Visibility of link elements F Visibility of placed joints symbols f Visibility of initial bow imperfection t Visibility of point line and surface loads te Visibility of load transfer surfaces Switching these load transfer surfaces non visible their surrounding lines might still be visible accordingly to the setting of visibility of the lines A st Visibility of distributed sur
80. creased with the dedicated bottoms 4 www consteelsoftware com 128 CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 6 6 2 3 SEISMIC ANALYSIS SETTINGS Relative modal damping factor 0 05 Bix 0 01 civ or oor Combination of the effects of the components of the seismic action a max E fas 0 3 Eed 0 3 East b max 0 3 EEdy Eedy 0 3 Eggo c maxfEeg 0 3 Edy 0 3 Eeact Accidental torsional effects Considered combinations teaxtesv a sy ae Storeys considered for accidental torsional effect Storeys Level 6000 Level 4500 Level 3000 Analysis settings can be found on the second tab on the earthquake dialog On this tab can be set the following settings al al Relative modal damping factor Consideration of the modal shapes two options can be chosen Consider all modal shapes or neglect modal shapes under the threshold values Different values can be set in the three directions X Y Z Accidental torsion effect effect of the uncertainty of the location of masses can be considered in the calculation Considered storey for the accidental torsion effect calculation must be selected the storeys where should be worked the effect Storeys can be added in the portions manager Deformation behaviour factor value of the deformation behaviour factor can be set Deformation factor can be equal with q equal in X Y Z directions or different in X Y Z directions 129 www consteelsoftware com
81. d generator function can be found on the LOADS TAB a god pe ce A Bl be Me Wind generator The function can be used to automatically generate wind load based on the wind surface settings internal pressure velocity pressure geometric parameters Each direction and wind surface can be turned on and off for analysis 134 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Name Category Type Status O 9 180 20 Generate WindSurfacel Wall Standard Valid Defined Defined Defined M WindSurface2 Wall Standard Valid Defined Defined Defined Defined V WindSurface3 Wall Standard Valid Defined Defined Defined Defined V WindSurfaced Wall Standard Valid Defined Defined Defined Defined V WindSurface5 Duopitch roof Standard Generate F 135 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 7 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 7 1 BASICS The analysis of the structural model can be the most black box type phase of the design process for the engineer and additionally the modern structural standards usually define the appropriate and required analysis type for the used design formula The ConSteel applies the finite element method for all the calculations using two beam column element types traditional 12 DOF Timoshenko and 14 DOF thin walled including warping of the section and two shell elements triangle and quadrilateral The great variety of calculation possibilities includes first and complete secon
82. d order not only P effect analysis flexural torsional and lateral torsional buckling solutions local buckling analysis of slender steel members built from shell elements static and dynamic eigenvalue analysis and earthquake calculation based on elastic response spectrum and modal analysis The exceptionally fast and robust equation solvers yield optimal calculation time even for unusually huge models The functionalities connected with the structural analysis are placed on two tabs the FINITE ELEMENT and ANALYSIS tab On the FINITE ELEMENT tab mesh generation options are available for surface elements and the generated finite element model can be viewed Usually this step can be skipped since in the first step of the analysis the finite element mesh generation is automatically performed 7 2 FINITE ELEMENTS 7 2 1 BASICS The mechanical performance of the calculated model is always highly influenced and limited by the applied finite element type The considered displacements forces shape functions second order effects within the finite element model basically determine the quality of the analysis the expectable results and accordingly the applicable standard verification methods On the other hand the engineer should be aware of the important characteristics of the used finite elements already at the model building phase in order to avoid the non expected structural behavior and calculate the mechanical performance of the imagined s
83. description of the model and also the results of the analysis and design 11 2 THE DOCUMENT TAB Layers Document E e a 11 2 1 START DOCUMENTATION All icons which related to the documentation are placed in the DOCUMENT tab The documentation can be generated if first icon is clicked The documentation wizard guides you through the documentation generating process On the first window the name of the documentation can be set The name appears on every page of the documentation Other fields like the name of the project the name of the engineers and the date of the creation can also be set but would appear only on the front page Name of document Document 1 Name of project Names of engineers Date of creation 2008 11 10 Default language of documentation lick into required Field to define propert y i dding name of document is compulsory The names of engineers should be eparated by semicolon 190 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL The header and the footer pictures of the document can be customized so your own company logo can be added In order to do so the default header and footer images need to be replaced These files can be found in the software s installation directory the default path is the following C Program Files ConSteelversion Pic The Header_pic png and the Footer_pic png need to be replaced by your own images Analysis results i lt Pre
84. distance but less than the adjusted value here the program sends a warning message and shows with yellow sign the relevant members in the diagnostics window The STANDARDS menu The menu provides a great opportunity to view existing and to create new standard parameters in an easy way The used standard can be set in the FILE menu EN1990 Eurocode 0 Basis of structural design Action type _ Table A 1 1 Combination factors Table A 1 2 8 Safety factors Imposed loads in buildings category see EN 1991 1 1 Table A 1 3 Accidental and seismic combinations EN1991 Eurocode 1 Actions on structures Category F traffic area vehicle weight 30 kN Category G traffic area 30 kN lt vehicle weight lt 160kN 7 1 Recommended values of external pressure Category H roofs o l 7 2 External pressure coefficients for flat roofs Snow loads on buildings see EN 1991 1 3 7 3 a External pressure coefficients for monopi Wind loads on buildings see EN 1991 1 4 7 3 b External pressure coefficients for monopi 7 4 a External pressure coefficients for duopitc Temperature non fire in buildings see EN 1991 1 5 i i 7 4 b External pressure coefficients for duopitc EN1993 Eurocode 3 Design of steel structures _ Part 1 1 General rules and rules for buildings _ 6 3 2 2 2 Imperfection factors for lateral torsional _ 6 3 2 3 1 Parameters for LTB curves Roll
85. dominant values The table is view sensitive which means that the dominant values are always selected from the current result type Only the values at the ends of structural members are examined The functionality of the table is as follows Settings Limit state Extreme values Sort Bar end V If the dominant value was 0 the table does NOT include it F Separate rows E Iv E V kN M kNm My kNm M kNm B kNm2 Load combination 277 156 3 152 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Limit state selection of appropriate load combinations belonging to resistance or serviceability limit states the deformations are automatically appear for the serviceability limit state while the internal forces and reactions for the resistance limit state Extreme values setting the type of extreme values Sort sorting the values for bars structural members bar groups or cross sections Bar end handle the ends of the members separately A B ends or together Both ends Single or multiple component selection is possible the dominant values are always highlighted by colored cells the Dominant column contains the dominant components Settings Limit state Extreme values Sort Bar end Minimum gt Vif the dominant value was 0 the table does NOT indude it Separate rows Designation Dominant E N kN E Vy kN ua Vz kN a Mx kNm
86. e can be selected only from this list box Support eccentricity relative to the section geometry can be specified in two ways The first way is select one of the typical point of the section geometry 1 9 from the list the second way is select one of the typical point 1 9 of the section relative position of the support by clicking the position on the graphical imitation of a section click the button left to the list Local eccentricity Giving value for the y or z parameters for local eccentricity these values will be added to the above selected position 95 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Changing the eccentricity of the supported object the new position of the support will be calculated accordingly Depending on the type of the selected local eccentricity used by placing the support the transformation rules are the following By selecting the 0 Reference line eccentricity type ll Placing a support with this eccentricity type for example changing the y eccentricity of the supported object the support will keep its position relative to the reference line not to the section By changing the Rotation angle attribute of the supported object the reference line also rotates and the position of the support will rotate too By selecting the 1 9 eccentricity type lla Placing a support with any of these eccentricity types for example changing the y
87. e structural standards and the applied loads are automatically converted into finite element loads for the calculation model All the loading functionality connecting with the load modelling is placed on the LOADS tab Geometry Structural members Loads Finite element Analysis Global checks Member checks Serviceabilty checks EA Hong es Pe SS La he YO 6 2 LOAD CASES AND LOAD GROUPS Before place any loads in the model load cases and load groups must be defined As a default one load case has been defined in ConSteel for quick calculations In a Load group several load cases can be defined Properly specified load groups needed to automatically generate load combinations Gee ooo Create load cases and load groups There are 5 different load group types in ConSteel Persistent Transient Meteorological Accidental and Seismic As a special type of meteorological load group there is a Wind load group This has to be used for the automatic wind load generation 106 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL By clicking on the NEW button the standard load groups will appear Selecting one of the standard load group a new load group is created For each load group safety and combination factors must be given The combination factors can be edited manually or can be selected on the Standard values of factors dialog On the dialog typical cases can be selected which are pro
88. e will belong to an imperfection group which can be selected from the list With the NEW GROUP button a new group can be created One load group can contain more than one eigenshapes If more than one eigenshapes are in an imperfection group than the effect of the eigenshapes will be added together during the application Type of amplitude o mm value maximum displacement value of the eigenshape can be given in mm The other displacement values will be commensurable to the given amplitude o multiplication factor the calculated displacement values can be multiplied with this factor Value of amplitude value of the previously selected amplitude type has to be given 123 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Imperfection group 1 Type of amplitude mm value Value of amplitude 20 Ss oon Pressing the OK button the eigenshape is applied as an imperfection with the set parameters 6 5 3 2 MANAGING EIGENSHAPES Previously created imperfection groups and applied eigenshapes can be managed on the GLOBAL IMPERFECTIONS dialog s APPLICATION OF EIGENSHAPE tab By the first dropdown menu imperfection groups can be switched and whole imperfection group can be deleted with the DELETE button In the middle part of the dialog can be seen the applied eigenshapes in the selected imperfection group With the checkboxes in the first column each eigenshape can be turn off and on With the last two columns the ty
89. ect is considered by the 7 DOF In the following figure the considered nodal displacements are illustrated The first 6 DOF are the conventional displacements Ux Uy Uz and rotations Dy D according to the local coordinate system of the member see section 4 2 COORDINATE 137 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL SYSTEMS What needs more explanation is the 7 DOF which is mathematically the first derivative of the twist about the longitudinal axis mechanically it represents the warping of the section which is straight consequence of torsion on thin walled members The next figure illustrates the warping effect of shaped cross section when the flanges step out of the original plane of the section In this case the warping DOF can be considered as a dual and opposite rotation of the flanges about the axis perpendicular to their width in this case the local axis z Since steel members are usually relatively slender various modes of global stability failure can occur flexural buckling torsional buckling lateral torsional buckling and any interactions of these all modes can be calculated by the 7DOF element It is a quite important and advantageous feature in the stability design of these members but since the accurate calculation of all the torsional modes is highly dependent on the 7 warping DOF it is essential to consider this effect already in the modeling phase see chapter 5 STRUCTURA
90. ecute so the detected errors stop further calculations WARNING the warnings allow the calculations but notice the possible errors Part of the model checks is performed on the user model basic check these are basic requirements for the normal performance of a model the other part is performed on the generated finite element model pre calculation check The following basic checks are performed m existence of load on the structure existence of support on the structure length of bars line loads and line supports value for the thickness and finite element size for surface members overlap length and compatibility of haunches YF YF FF F multiple supports on the same place compatibility of tension bars The following pre calculation checks are performed m overhang of line loads and line supports point loads and point supports are not on the model overlap of surface members overlap of bar members 139 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL m very small distance lt 5 mm between points or lines of surfaces bars loads or supports the limit distance can be set in the OPTIONS menu The object which the errors or warnings are detected on can be selected and deleted from the diagnostics results table in the middle of the right tables 7 4 ANALYSIS SETTINGS The required analysis types can be set on the ANALYSIS PARAMETERS panel The analysis settings are separated in four tabs 7 4 1
91. ed I or H shape wide parallel flange Create or delete user defined standard parameters nen The first row of the Standard tree shows the applied standard which is stored in the model For creating a user defined standard press NEW button select one of the existing standard from the list 17 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Create or delete user defined standard parameters ssaconyot Eveconmended abe v Name ur O O name the new defined standard parameters for the new defined standard can be changed in the chapters User defined National Annex saved to the following file Documents ConSteel UserStandard xml 1 2 4 THE TABS File Edit View Options Standards Help Geometry Structural members Loads Finite element Analysis Global checks Member checks Serviceability checks Layers Document JOOCRRHR p A K INNING A The tabs contain the systematically collected functions of modeling analysis and design leading the engineers through the logical steps of the structural design By approaching any of the icons with the cursor the short name of the icon will be appeared GEOMETRY TAB JOOCMIAD PF YANN A Contains all the important CAD drawing modification functions dimensioning and measuring tools STRUCTURAL MEMBERS TAB VPUPN APSF Pb sA Ke TERE 18 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL The functions related to
92. ed linear object could be placed in one of the plane which is defined by centerline of the object and the global coordinate system X Y plane and a plane perpendicular to this plane and containing the centerline of the object Parameters Auto moving the mouse the system is detects the desired plane Projected dimension of the distance between two selected points gt The length of the distance between two selected points will be projected onto the global X or Y or Z axis 56 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL i E g According to global axis Y ding to global axis Z Parameters Auto moving the mouse the system is detects the desired reference axis m According to global axis X the X axis projection of the distance between two selected points According to global axis Y the Y axis projection of the distance between two selected points According to global axis Z the Z axis projection of the distance between two selected points V points could be placed in one of the following plane Lengthwise dimension between two points The distance between the selected two Plane defined by centerline of the object and the X Y plane global coordinate system The plane perpendicular to the above plane and containing the centerline of the object Ziseneesensenenesnsnsensnsensnsensnsensnsensnssnsnssnsnssnsnssnsnesnsnesnsneewenes r Auto i Se ene Parameter
93. eelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Analysis model Uncracked design model Cracked 3 design model 3 0 85xL1 0 15xL1 0 15xL2 0 7xL2 0 15xL2 0 15xL3 0 85xL3 0 75xL1 0 25xL1 0 25xL2 0 5xL2 0 25xL2 0 25xL3 0 75xL3 FIGURE EFFECTIVE WIDTH IN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN MODELS 8 3 2 3 DESIGN OF SHEAR STUDS If the Automatic number of shear studs option is selected by default it is turned on the number of studs and the layout will be determined by an iteration algorithm which is based on the minimum number of shear studs that also meet the plastic bending capacity requirements i e Mpira gt My eq The utilization in this case is always 100 because the optimal number of studs are used The green segment shows the segment on which the optimal number of studs and layout are calculated 167 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL If the exact number of shear stud is added the program checks whether it meets the code specified strength and spacing requirements The number of shear studs must be defined for the whole composite beam and during the design process ConSteel calculates with the number of studs over the length under consideration assuming that the studs are placed uniformly The utilization of the shear studs is calculated by dividing the optimal number of the studs by the applied number of studs Utilization Nopt Nact File Eda View Options Standards Help Geometry
94. elect the load combination multiple LC s can be selected with using CTRL or SHIFT buttons and click on the DELETE LOAD COMBINATION icon It is important to set the limit state correctly because design checks will be made to Ultimate ULS load combinations and also serviceability check are performed for Serviceability SLS combinations 108 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 6 4 LOAD TYPES Any placed load will belong to the load case selected from the list Geometry Structural members Loads Finite element Analysis Global checks Member checks serviceability checks at faba eo Tre eh A Point loads can be placed on any part of a line member or surface member predefined points are not needed end points or snap points can be used Point loads can be placed according to the Global KON Local EE or the User coordinate e system Uy m i Clr b Load X Y Z kN o kN Moment X Y Z O0 kiim o Local eccentricity me skeen as a mm 0 z mm 0 i the action paint of load Eccentricity can be applied on the point load also The effect of the selected coordinate system the applied local eccentricity type and values are the same as point support see chapter 5 8 1 109 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Point load m i El amp Load X Y Z 0 Moment X Y Z 0 Local eccentricity Type T select the aci pirat oi oa oi 6 4
95. ents the design tools covers practically the whole joint standard Eurocode 3 Part 1 8 A joint can be defined alone or based on the global model by the automatic joint identification tool A prepared joint can be placed several different places in the global model to make the joint integral part of it A placed joint is always automatically rechecked based on the current analysis results and the connection stiffness is also updated modifying the global model consequently 12 2 JOINT TYPES The number of the joint types is one of the most dynamically developing parts of the software usually considering the claims of the users At the moment the CSJOINT module has the following joint and connection types kE Lu Selected joint configuration Beam to column joint 197 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Beam to column joints Beam connected to column flange Column section aso e Beam connected to column web o Connections on the flanges Welded moment connection Simple shear connection Bolted end plate moment connection Web finplate connection Gusset plate connection with double plate flange splice of sections plate splice of hollow sections angle brace or bolted end plate of sections o Connections on the web Simple shear connection 198 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Web finplate connection Gusset plate connec
96. eshotonuss 142 PEE SIS CY CS EIEEE ENEI EE A EEE E 143 PoP TO OT a a A E E E E E cee eeeueatsecoe 143 Tse SO COMO Or OT seer E E E E 143 7 5 3 Static eigenvalue buckling analySiS essssesssuseseenssrensssreresrresssreresrresssreresererssreressreeeseeres 144 T UE IG SETS UV ee NE 145 7 5 4 Dynamic eigenvalue vibration ANALYSIS cccccccssseccccseccccesececeesececeeueceesseseceeeunecessegas 145 FO PSIG TOS NS erea rE EE E N EE A TEE 146 PEAR UE a E A oa ate AE ane tencatseacals 146 7 6 2 Vis alization OptiOnS viscose cisevcincssassionacdvevossasnotdaedhanveseasawslanuubsiedgasncnseseichsevsneaaesseniwareceetessaeoneent 149 Ve RESU MAKENS ocre nes cearonrsvananeeseecmonaaaenereanehs 150 7 6 4 Show original shape of StructUre esssessssesesrreserreresrrressreressrerssrereseresssrereserersseeresereeeseeree 152 7 6 5 Table Of COMINANt VAIUES cccccssssssssececcccceeeesececccesseeessseeccccsssaueuseeceeeesssauaseeeseesensaggses 152 7 0 6 ANIMALION OF dynamic SNADES eoisicciessesiossaanosesssinovadisiadoasavaniesetbaiedsaddelivevantiscubsadseesenetboaventecses 153 SSandra DES 24 0 ene en nee ne ee ene ne eee eee one eee ee eee 154 a ae IC Scene nectdcioosaeeartoaeuengntsenaneiwrnatagasneegs qutevevedtasarsteavcnesianaensaceeah gsnteseeesent A E TT 154 E SSE SIN ete ences oct eran ns eset E sess oo c an nes EE A E scons sega ose eee 154 SPEE elo Koj e S E E EE E E nose mates A E EE E 154 GL BIS e E E E tee ate 15
97. f the applied coordinate systems This section summarizes in detail all the coordinate systems used in the ConSteel Two different type of coordinate systems can be used the rectangular Descartes system XYZ and the polar system aBL In the polar system a denotes the angle between the axis X and the vertical plane defined by the axis z and the point B denotes the angle between the section line of that plane and the coordinate plane XY and the line from the origin to the point and L denotes the distance from the origin The polar coordinate system is less frequently used so the rest of this section describes the Descartes system As a general convention all the Descartes coordinate systems axes directions and rotation signs follow the most commonly applied right hand rule This rule is valid for the definition of geometry and loads as well The positive moments and rotations are defined as counter clockwise about the axis if it is viewed in front towards the origin in both the global and local system 62 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL In the further text the following denotations are used In case of global geometry 3D structural modelling X Y Z global coordinate system x y z local coordinate system In case of cross sections 2D modelling of sections v w section edit coordinate system Y Z section edit coordinate system with its origin in t
98. f the axis X by two points Set the direction of the axis Y by two points YT Li Set the direction of the axis Z by two points a Reverse the direction of the selected axis 4 2 2 LOCAL COORDINATE SYSTEM OF BAR ELEMENTS The reference line of bar members defines the axis x of the local coordinate system of the bars The direction of the axis x is given by the start J and end K node of the reference line In the basic case the local coordinate system of a bar can be determined considering its reference line x identical to the global axis X In this case the US Z direction of local axes y and are identical to the global axes Y and Z The position of the cross section on the bar is the following the reference line goes through its centre of gravity and the section YZ system coincides with the local yz system of the bar 64 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL In case of a generally positioned beam member not column with vertical reference line the plane xz system takes always vertical ll Z defined by the loca position and the axis points towards the positive Z direction For beams with single curvature the axis x is always the tangent In case of vertical reference line column members the local axis y has the same direction as the global axis Y the direc
99. face loads Visibility options of the grid and the local coordinate system ls T Visibility of the grid 7 Visibility of the axes of the local coordinate systems of structural members beams and columns Visibility of the axes of the local coordinate systems of 3 dimensional objects plates Slabs and walls 23 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL amp Visibility of the axes of local coordinate systems of supports Visibility of the axes of local coordinate systems of link elements Visibility of the axes of the local coordinate systems of the load transfer surfaces When the visibility of the object is off the axes of the object also will not be visible Visibility options of object names 2 Visibility of the number of finit elements Visible only on the Finite element and Alnalysis tabs 7 Visibility of the name of bar elements Visibility of the name of 3 dimensional objects plates slabs and walls A Visibility of the name of supports F Visibility of the name of pins end releases Visibility of the name of link elements F visibility of the name of placed joints symbols Visibility of the name of the load transfer surfaces When the visibility of the object is off the name of the object also will not be visible 24 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Visibility options of labels ap a Show materialsgrades 1l Show shapenames
100. forcement Steel material The latter is only used for the rebar reinforcement of concrete or composite cross sections The material parameters are taken from the appropriate Structural Eurocode chapters EN 1993 1 1 for steel and EN 1992 1 1 for concrete and reinforcement and the default indelible material types are set with the standard values New materials can also be created with arbitrary parameters ier oe 90 www consteelsoftware com GB CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL In ConSteel only elastic material is considered in the analysis so the calculation results are only affected by the elastic modulus Poisson factor density if the self weight of the structure is considered and temperature expansion factor if temperature load or fire is applied In case of concrete material the Effective elastic modulus is used in the analysis as it defined in the EC 2 Name of reinforcement Parameters of material IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT IN CASE OF BAR MEMBERS BEAMS COLUMNS THE MATERIAL IS THE PARAMETER OF THE CROSS SECTION OF THE MEMBER SO THE CURRENT MODIFICATION SHOULD BE APPLIED FOR THE APPROPRIATE CROSS SECTION THIS FEATURE ALLOWS THE DEFINITION OF CROSS SECTIONS WITH MULTIPLE MATERIALS E G COMPOSITE SECTION ACCORDINGLY IF IDENTICAL CROSS SECTIONS WITH DIFFERENT MATERIAL ARE LIKED TO BE USED IN ONE MODEL THEN MULTIPLE CROSS SECTION DEFINITION IS NEEDED 91 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8
101. g the slide beside the combos the scaling of the results can be adjusted on the graphics In case of partial or submodel view the graphics and the tables show only the results of the actual model part Three types of result tables can be viewed a Extreme values by members select the maximum and minimum values for each structural members Ke User defined values show the values belonging to the markers defined by the user discussed more deeply in section 7 5 3 RESULT MARKERS AL All values The result tables arrange the values according to the current result type m displacement type results first or second order deformations static or dynamic eigenshapes finite element node number displacement components 149 www consteelsoftware com STEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL force type results internal forces forces or stresses on surface finite element node number finite element number force components reaction type results reactions equilibrium finite element node number reaction components 7 6 3 RESULT MARKERS On the graphical interpretation of the results markers can be placed in order to show certain significant values When moving the mouse along the structural elements or more correctly the finite elements the result markers continuously appear showing the actual values These markers can be fixed by clicking on the right mouse button and choosing the Marker option The fixed markers will appear on ever
102. he centre of gravity of the section y z section principal coordinate system 4 2 1 USER COORDINATE SYSTEM The User coordinate system UCS is used for making the modelling easier and faster The UCS is a specially positioned Descartes system XYZ The tools for creating and modifying the coordinate systems can be reached by the SET GRID AND COORDINATE SYSTEM button on the side bar Change coordinate system Oty tg tz IN Xt Yt Zt Parameters SS Origin ka ol mrm Y ol mm Z ol mm Grid ka mm i mm Size mm Step k mm T mm i E origin of coordinate system The User coordinates system can be switched on or switch back to the global system at the bottom status bar 63 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL The following creation options are available from left to right i j TY F Y F7 al Switch to global system Set new origin for the UCS ll 1 bs ll xy The XY plane of the global system will be the XY plane of the UCS Ai The XZ plane of the global system will be the XY plane of the UCS bz u yz The YZ plane of the global system will be the XY plane of the UCS Set the UCS by 3 points the origin the direction of X and Y axis L Set the standing of the UCS identical to the local coordinate system of the selected ey plane with origin placed into the first node of this plane Xl Set the direction o
103. he ends of the members If new release type is needed the RELEASE dialogue can be called by pressing the button next to the combo Initial bow imp half sine wave shaped initial crookedness can be defined in the two local direction perpendicular to the member reference axis y z with the given amplitude at the mid length Element type Section made from steel Beam column with warpi Two choices are possible Tensoubar Beam column with warping and Tension bar these types influence the finite element type used in the analysis The beam column with warping is a special element with 14 degree of freedom including the warping of the thin walled cross section It is an important effect in case of structures with usual steel profiles The tension bar can only resist tensional axial force no bending or torsional moments and shear if it got compression the analysis neglects its effect Reinforce concrete or Composite sections There is only one choice EEGEALrSuE Mis ithe General beam column type this is the commonly used 12 degree of freedom finite element Element group the members can be sorted out into element groups for various purposes selection dominant results sensitivity analysis etc a Fhase 1 if new element group is needed the GROUPS OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS dialogue can be called by pressing the button next to the combo eee l 7 4 18 Number of finite element
104. ically loaded from the selected national annex The following standard parameters can be changed on the dialog Type of the spectrum if the selected nation annex allow Importance class Ground acceleration Behaviour factor it can be same in the horizontal XY directions or different 127 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 6 6 2 2 USER DEFINED DESIGN RESPONSE SPECTRUM Ground acceleration a gR m s2 1 Vertical acceleration aygr a gr 0 5 Consider vertical seismic effect Edit design spectrum points ofall al Num 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a 9 1 17 B H Tis 0 00 0 10 0 20 0 40 0 60 0 74 0 88 1 02 116 1 30 1 44 1 58 1 72 1 86 Sd agR 0 767 1 342 1 917 1 917 1 917 1 554 1 307 1 127 0 991 0 885 0 799 0 728 0 669 0 618 User defined response design spectrum can be set on the following ways Entering the point of the spectrum Sg agr in the proper time Formerly entered and saved user spectrum can be loaded Existing standard spectrum can be cloned as a user defined and can be modified in the various time Different user defined design spectrum can be set in the three directions X Y Z If in the horizontal X Y directions the behaviour of the structure is same it is possible to set one spectrum in the two directions 1 The set design spectrum can be saved 3 to csv or txt file and can be loaded with the open function 2 Number of the columns of the table can be increased and de
105. ing functions are placed on the left sidebar Move point and edge Select the point and or edge to be moved Set the new position of the point edge This function is used for change the position of any of the end point of a linear or circular element or to change the position of an edge or a corner point of a polygon or of hole in a polygon AD D Boe selected objects The selected objects can be moved or copied Select the objects and click the MOVE SELECTED OBJECTS icon Select the transformation Move or Copy The copy function can be activated by radio button near the Copy function The number of copies can be selected Set start point of the vector for moving copying Set the end point of vector for moving copying The selected members loads and supports will be moved or copied to the position which is defined by the given vector accordingly to the selected options The Move Copy function is independent from the actual UCS Effect of the options Copy structural members Unchecked Use when only the loads and or the supports of the structural member need to be coped or moved Checked Default Structural members will be copied or moved 69 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Copy loads Unchecked The loads will not be copied with the selected structural members Checked The loads will be copied with the selected structural members Copy supports Unchecked The supports of the
106. ing the joint it is advisable to place it in the global model To do so use the PLACE JOINT function of ConSteel Geometry Structural members Loads Finite element Analysis Global checks Member checks Serviceability checks PUPA RGSS PLB AKER Place joint 209 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL One joint can be placed to several places in the model where the same geometry exists After the joint is placed ConStee automatically import the loads from the global model 12 3 3 MANIPULATING CONNECTIONS No matter if a joint is created with our without model manipulating the joint is the same Joint details appear in a new window where numerous settings can be made In the following pages we would like to give you an overview of the Joint module CsJOINT using a beam to column connection as an example Select the connection from the tree structure on a F the CSJOINT OPEN dialog and press DETAILS A button E test csJoint 8 0 004 e bee Se File Options Standards 0 p Pe EE 8 co dh LA l h csJ Beam to column joint G Joint_1 G Joint_2 Joint_5 Beam splice joint G Joint_3 G Joint_4 Bracing joint G Joint_6 Column base joint G Joint_7 Design standard E EN Recommended Values The 1 part in the below contains the general information about the joint Joint name project engineer date etc These properties will a
107. ion R reaction moment about the global Z direction Static eigenvalues and corresponding eigenshapes on the finite element nodes in the global coordinate system Dynamic eigenvalues and corresponding eigenshapes on the finite element nodes in the global coordinate system 148 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 7 6 2 VISUALIZATION OPTIONS The results of the performed analysis are usually a huge amount of data so the efficient handling of it has great importance There should be opportunities for global overview and for obtaining accurate detailed information about a certain part or problem There are two main possibilities for the demonstration of the analysis results the graphical visualization and the result tables for the general functionality of tables used in ConStee see section 1 4 GENERAL FUNCTIONS FOR TABLES The two visualization options are obviously in strong connection and can be manipulated by the functions placed on the upper part of the ANALYSIS tab The four combos contain the following selection options from left to right selection of analysis type discussed in section 7 4 ANALYSIS TYPES selection of load combination or load case selection of result type discussed in section 7 5 1 RESULT TYPES FF F selection of type of view All the model view options discussed in section 3 2 MODEL VIEWS are applicable on the result graphics Movin
108. ion factor op a minimum of y yL7 b interpolated between y 717 For the buckling check the following parameters can be set Elastic critical factor Oc op eigenvalue of the buckling analysis It can be the first or the selected eigenvalue according to the design situation Eigenvalue can be selected on the ANALYSIS tab to click in the model area with right click 155 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Ultimate resistance factor Qut reciprocal of the utilization of the conservative interaction resistance Value of the utilization can be considered by members or by the model portion Reduction factor Xop reduction factor for the op slenderness It can be determined from the minimum of 7 1 or from the interpolated value of 1 Check can be performed for the whole model or partial model 8 2 1 4 RESULTS The results of the performed checks are demonstrated with graphical visualization and result tables for the general functionality of tables used in ConStee see section 1 4 GENERAL FUNCTIONS FOR TABLES The shown results can be changed in the drop down menu 156 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL When moving the mouse along the structural elements the result markers continuously appear showing the actual utilization The detail of the results can be seen in the Section module see section 9 SECTION MODULE Section module can be opened
109. ion from the model are automatically imported into the section model The relevant is chosen but any other can be selected and checked It is also possible to add load combinations manually by F clicking on the NEW LOAD COMBINATION icon 1 Lcomb Current Nea kN My ea kNm Mz ea kNm Vy ed kN Vz Ed kN Bed kNm2 Tred kKNm Tw ed kNm Ted kNm Ber op Bur Load Combination 1 first order 0 0 162 3 0 0 0 0 1 370 0 937 Load Combination 1 second order V 162 3 0 0 0 0 1 370 0 937 CSSECTION can be launched from the model if the ANALYSIS or GLOBAL CHECK tab is chosen and first or second order analysis or standard design had been run There are two ways to open CSSECTION directly for a selected section First is to press right click over the section which needs to be analyzed and select CALCULATE SECTION Capacity 134 0 Label Remove label Calculate section Calculate connection The second way is to press right click over the element in the result sheet which can be found in the bottom of the screen and click on CALCULATE SECTION 178 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 9 4 3 STRESSES Stresses can be checked by selecting the PROPERTIES tab and clicking on the STRESSES icon Sf Stresses can be viewed both in the EPS and the GSS model The following stresses are calculated by CSSECTI
110. ke load combinations the number of dynamic eigenshapes can be given Vibration analysis can be turn on off with the checkbox near the name of the group If vibration analysis is turned on by default 10 eigenshapes will be calculated for each load cases Number of the eigenshapes can be modified at the Load combinations tab 141 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 7 4 2 LOAD COMBINATIONS TAB Basic settings Load combinations Load cases Joints CS e eee Mame oaae o aam aaa aey alet i Bla j i Iv vo lw 10 A im mm e lw 10 a p o EF M O0 E a On the LOAD COMBINATIONS tab every analysis parameters and settings can be set for each load combinations uniquely Load combinations can be turn on off with the checkboxes in the first column 7 4 3 LOAD CASES TAB On the LOAD CASES tab load cases can be turn on off for calculation with the checkboxes in the first column 7 4 4 JOINTS TAB On the JOINT tab previously created and placed joints stiffness can be applied in the calculation in the selected load combinations With the checkboxes in the second column secant stiffness can be used instead of initial stiffness 142 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 7 5 ANALYSIS TYPES 7 5 1 FIRST ORDER The first order analysis calculates the structural response considering the initial stiffness of the model It is advisable to run a first order analysis in order
111. l IT SHOULD BE KEPT IN MIND THAT THE ENGINEER SHOULD BE AWARE OF THE FEATURES POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF THE APPLIED ANALYSIS MODEL ALREADY AT THE MODELLING STAGE BECAUSE THE MISUNDERSTANDING OF THE MODELLING OPPORTUNITIES CAN LEAD TO UNEXPECTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN RESULTS All the functionality connecting with the structural modelling are placed on the STRUCTURAL MEMBERS tab Due to the high importance and wide range of modelling possibilities the functions of the cross sections and joints are collected in separate modules CSSECTION Chapter 9 and cSJOINT Chapter 12 5 2 LINE MEMBERS 5 2 1 CREATING LINE MEMBERS From the ConSteel 6 0 version the line members with steel thin walled reinforced concrete and composite cross section can be modelled The members depending on the placement can be columns or beams The column is a special position line member which is always vertical so the placement is simpler because only the height should be defined The dialogue allows the following modelling options for creating members Draw the reference line of the member 75 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL ZO po draw as a line segment or continuous line 8 0 USER MANUAL draw as an arc by centerpoint startpoint and angle 3 points or startpoint endpoint and tangent jmi parameters to the one to be created Select an existing line for the section as a reference line of a member Read out
112. l deflection mm Capacity 7 Relative vertical deflection Deflection limit mm Dominant load combination Dominant vertical deflection mm Capacity caciaton_ 171 CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 9 SECTION MODULE 9 1 BASICS The wide functionality of the ConStee connected with cross sections suggested detaching a separate module Section Module CSSECTION This module collects all the tools relate to the creation property calculation stress analysis and standard design of a cross section Two parallel modeling possibilities exist the General Solid Section GSS is an accurate finite element based surface model for any kind of cross sections the Elastic Plate Segment EPS is a thin walled model especially for steel profiles The steel standard design formulas are easy to evaluate on the EPS model including the real effective section generation of class 4 cross sections based on the sectional forces resulted from the structural analysis Section administration and Section module can be launched by clicking the icons shown above These icons can be found in the STRUCTURAL MEMBERS tab 9 2 SECTION ADMINISTRATION Section must be loaded into the model database in order to use it in the model This can be done in the section administration dialogue Here you can see all the previously loaded sections and new sections can be loaded or created by clicking the appropriate buttons on the right 7 3 i
113. layer definition to a new layer Delete layers Y F Edit properties of existing layers colour line style thickness and transparency 73 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Turn the visibility of layers on and off Freeze layers from activity whilst keeping them visible Turn on and off own style If Objects of own style checkbox is turned OFF then all the objects on the layer use the selected colour line style thickness etc If it is turned ON default setting then all the objects use the global style All CAD systems have a layer concept of some sort Objects are placed on appropriate layers as a practical way of managing the objects within the model 74 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 5 STRUCTURAL MODELLING 5 1 BASICS From ConSteel 5 0 great emphasis was taken on the user friendly structural modelling in which the engineer can build the structural model using real structural elements Accordingly the user model built by the engineer using whole structural members beams with haunches tapered columns tension braces slabs etc is completely separated from the calculation model which is an automatically generated sophisticated finite element model used by the structural analysis and design It follows that the engineer does not need to deal with the calculation model he she can concentrate solely on the direct productive labour building the real structural mode
114. left side bar WePVrFEaBRAA Beyond the usual model views top view front view side view axonometric view perpendicular to raster view there are fore visualizing options for the objects used 4 surfaces by a two dimensional figure without thickness the supports are line types b line view the simplest model view the bars are represented by a single line the Recommended to use in the model building phases since the clear visualization of the member snap points making the placement of supports and loads easier 45 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL N A N INN ANN LAAN PNS Ze P i thickness appear the supports are line types wireframe view on the wireframe view the lines of the cross sections and plate hidden line view Sy the cross section and plate thickness appear in a solid form without shading and sparkling effects the supports are solid types 46 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL solid view the cross section and plate thickness appear in a solid form with shading and sparkling effects the supports are solid types When the full model tends to be more complicated and parts of the model are in focus then the SUBMODEL VIEW should be applied Spent Curaca Eile Edit Yiew Options Standards Help e __ Goomesy _ Suuchealnenbers sede Fale cement Auten Gubelciects Mester checks 1
115. lied in structural analysis Secant modulus of elasticity Ecm 22 fem 10 27085 0 Cover ay TETEE Cover az Design value of elastic modulus Ecd Ecmfc 18056 7 J Special calculation of the effective flexural stiffness taking into consideration the shrinkage creep and cracking E Apply L 200 initial sway in Y direction E Apply L 150 initial sway in Z direction 78 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL For the structural analysis two types of elastic modulus can be used which can be selected on the middle part of the cross section creation dialog Standard initial sways also can be defined in y and z directions for the cross section If the initial sways are applied than the cross section check is enough according to the EuroCode Stability check is not necessary 5 2 1 2 COMPOSITE BEAM MODELLING The first step is to define a composite beam cross section There are two types available composite beam with solid concrete slab and composite beam with profiled steel sheeting The cross section macros can be found among the MACRO SECTIONS El Steel i Welded from plates Cold formed or hot rolled Reinforced concrete i Buckling Restrained Brace Composite beam with constant slab thickness When creating a new composite cross section the effective breadth must be defined It is important to know that during the analysis the actual effective breadth is automatically calc
116. lobal ON or the User coordinate system el and can be given with components or by vector Prescribed displacement Ai ee Parameters with components by vector Displacement i x Z 0 D mm Rotation t w Y Z 0 j 0 i E the point For prescribed displacement 6 4 7 CHANGE IN LENGTH L9 J TENSION FORCE L The change of the original member system length can be set and applied as a load on bar members with the change in length function With this function prestress effect can be modelling 119 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL eli Parameters Change in length dL 15 mm mm T pees the member For elongation Tension force can be applied on bar members as a load 6 5 GLOBAL IMPERFECTIONS Geometry Structural members Loads Finite element Analysis Global checks Member checks Serviceabilty checks BP e Hong ee Do ee ot Pc ic e Sh a al Global imperfections Three types of global imperfection can be applied on the model with the GLOBAL IMPERFECTION function Several numbers of imperfections can be created but only one can be used for the analysis at the same time Used imperfection can be set for the analysis at the ANALYSIS TAB S SET ANALYSIS PARAMETERS dialog chapter 7 4 6 5 1 NOTIONAL LOAD Initial imperfections can be taken into account by the application of notional loads 120 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL
117. lysis OF COMME CHOINS eo sccicceacccoseeienamactnsecavah sya raician aore ENa aTa aaee d aea 216 12 5 Results and documentation ances screcundstancessnameatisvonccesnanpnunseanpiessnnmatiovanmivananadedaininnsences 216 12 6 Structure Joint interaction sssessssssesresseosresresressresresreesresresreessesresreeseesresreeseesresreess 217 12 20 EO eeir arani EREE E EREE ES EES 218 7 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1 1 INSTALLING THE SOFTWARE In the followings we give those hardware and software requirements the ConSteel software cannot be run without or their lack may result in a slow operation Minimum hardware requirements Processor Intel Pentium IV or equivalent Memory 2 GB HDD 100 MB Video card 128 MBnon integrated amp Operating system MS Windows 2000 XP Recommended hardware m Processor Intel Core 2 Duo or equivalent Memory 4 GB Video card 512 MBnon integrated You will need to have administrative or power user rights for the installation Without administrative rights you cannot install the hard lock driver and those dll files which are indispensable for the system You will have to set the language of setup The ConSteel will use this language for the first time you start but you may switch to another language later During installation the instructions of the setup shall be followed step by step The installing program will copy the elemen
118. lysis results 217 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL In order to place a joint to the global model click on the PLACE JOINT IR icon on the STRUCTURAL MEMBERS tab One joint can be placed to several places in the model if these meet the geometrical requirements The stiffness of the connection can also be taking into account during the analysis if desired In order to do so click on the analysis parameters and puta tick to APPLY CONNECTION STIFFNESS Rerun the analysis to the changes take place Joints Import stiffness of semi rigid connections in the analysis by load combinations 12 7 JOINT EXPORT All joints can be exported to TEKLA structural steel detailing software See chapter 2 4 for more detailed information 218 www consteelsoftware com
119. me The name of the images can also be edited by double clicking the name of the image 195 www consteelsoftware com 0 REY RE na Sm 23 48 CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 11 2 4 MODEL INFORMATION With using the fourth icon on the DOCUMENT tab the model information can be viewed or can be exported to a file The model information window shows the most important features of the model like Number of bars Number of supports Total weight of the structure etc The mass surface and the length can be viewed for each section in the model The model information can be shown based on the full model or on the current view if the model view shows only a part of the full model using the sub model view Define model information Based on the full model Based on the current view Main data Number of bars Total weight of structure t 3 46 Number of support Total surface to be painted m2 61 05 Total length m 30 25 Hame Mazs t Surtace m2 Length rn IFE 500 1 955 35 04 15 25 HEA 400 1 503 2d 12 196 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 12 JOINT MODULE 12 1 BASICS In the ConStee design approach great emphasis is placed on the integrated modelling and calculation of the global structure and its connections therefore a powerful joint analysis engine is developed as a separate module csJoint A great range of different joint types can be created easily applying several special connection elem
120. meters are set to the same as for the selected object 31 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL _ el 7 amp 8 0 USER MANUAL coordinate systems in which the directions are considered al a 4 A E additional drawing functions if the placement is by drawing The main parameters of the object 5 are placed in the middle part of the dialog qi X Z gz2 X Y z Position of qialong the line xi Position of q along the line x2 Local eccentricity Type The information field 6 gives always information about the next required step of the placement Every icon on these dialogues has a tooltip with the name of the function on it The text will appear when the mouse approaches the icon 1 4 GENERAL FUNCTIONS FOR TABLES Basically there are two types of tables in ConSteel the input tables and the output tables Since tables are usually used for working with large amount of data both table types have special features making the data managing more comfortable 32 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Input tables used in the LOAD COMBINATIONS and ANALYSIS PARAMETERS dialogues have the following common features clicking on the heading cells the whole column below will be selected if the there is a checking option in the table the multiple checking is possible for the selected cells clicking on the right mouse button T Name_ V ULS LC 1
121. model The Elastic Plate Segment EPS model is a thin walled simplification of the usually steel profiles from welded hot rolled or cold formed sections The model is very easy and fast to calculate and has accurate results for thin walled sections compared with the GSS model which can be used and run for the same section side by side The model yields the same general torsional and shear properties and stresses and moreover it calculates the static moments and sectional classes according to the EuroCode The EPS model is also very suitable for the evaluation all of the standard design formulas in a very sophisticated way In case of Class 4 profile the effective cross section is automatically generated based on the proper sectional forces and the standard procedures can be evaluated on this effective section 174 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 175 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Plate element tragj Niment trae N mm trys N mm 013 003 pono e C l 000 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 on 002 003 003 002 009 005 0 00 0 00 0 00 000 0 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 BS wN jnm Lend La ou 0 00 0 08 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 01 203 0 06 0 00 0 00 0 00 Beseggesseees 176 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 9 3 2 THE GSS MODEL F st WQ General File Model Properties Standard resistance
122. mplete model into StruCad follow the steps below First click on the FILE menu and select SAVE AS option Add the name of the StruCAD snf file The length of the filename is maximized to 8 characters and does not contain spaces or non English alphabet letters for example letters with accent Select the snf file type and click on the SAVE button As the first phase of the export ConSteel will check the defined and the placed joints When there are some defined joints which were not placed in the model the system will worn the user listing all the defined joints in a window where the placed joints are checked and the unplaced joints are unchecked This window will appear only when there are placed and unplaced defined joints at the same time When created joints are not placed but at least one joint has been placed in the model than the joints can be selected to be exported in the following dialog C Users herbaya Desktop ConSteel_teszt Bemutato Opslaghal_01_ Joints to export 37 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL In the first field you can specify a folder for the connection macros on the top of the window In case of a placed macro is unchecked than this macro will not be exported Click on the NEXT gt button the user could specify additional parameters to the different types of connections Names of exported macro files Connection identifier BASE 1 Column base Base 2 Column base
123. name of the StruCad macro file can also be changed but bear in mind the following naming conventions The name of the exported joint macro file has a prefix for example csb This prefix calls the relevant macro in StruCad Do not change or delete this prefix If you do so a warning appears on the screen The number next to the prefix can be changed but must not be longer than 6 characters This suffix should contain only numbers m Make sure not to use a macro file name more than once in a model Each macro name should be unique After the export the files could be sent to the detailer 2 4 COMPLETE MODEL EXPORT INTO TEKLA STRUCTURES The smooth and quick transition from the structural model to the detailing model can save Significant time and cost therefore ConStee has a high level interface module to Tekla Structures Besides the export of the global structural model ie beams columns slabs walls all the joint models appear in ConStee have the corresponding Tekla component so the designed structural model with the placed joint models can be converted in one piece easily into detailing model without additional modeling efforts on the joints This unique interface can save significant detailing time and therefore can appreciably reduce the project costs 41 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL CONSTEEU 3 TEKLA Structures ConSteel uses Tekla Open API Application Programming Interface
124. nd concrete structures EuroCode o EN 1994 1 1 General rules and rules for buildings Several National Annexes are implemented and user annex can also be defined and saved 8 2 STEEL DESIGN Steel design related functions can be found on the GLOBAL CHECKS and the MEMBER CHECKS tabs 8 2 1 GLOBAL CHECKS 8 2 1 1 BASICS Global checks _Member checks Serviceabilty checks fe Steel Dominant calculation 7 154 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Cross section and global buckling check according to the Section 6 3 4 General method of EN 1993 1 1 can be evaluated on the GLOBAL CHECKS tab 8 2 1 2 CROSS SECTION CHECK Cross Section check EN 1993 1 1 6 2 Model portion Whole model hi First order elastic Cross section check can be done according to the EN 1993 1 1 6 2 or EN 1993 1 2 4 2 if the combination contains fire effect Check can be performed for the whole model or partial model 8 2 1 3 BUCKLING CHECK Buckling check can be evaluated for steel structures according to the EN 1993 1 1 6 3 4 Oln Kop ult k gt l 0 Yui To run the buckling check it is required to have buckling analysis results Buckling check EN 1993 1 16 3 4 Model portion Whole model Elastic critical factor cter op First buckling eigenvalue Selected eigenvalue Ultimate resistance factor cuts minimum value by members 9 minimum value in model portion Reduct
125. nd walls OA Frame 3 e 2 Line 1 Bar member 1 Name Section properties IPE 300 Section IPE 300 Release start point Release end point 2 Continous m 2 Continous Eccentricity y mm Eccentricity z mm Rotate deg Number of finite elemen Automatic Bow imperf L v Bow imperf L w Element type Beam column with warp Element group Members Layer_5 k y Haunch31 B191 In the lower table all the selected objects and sub object appear and after expanding one object all the parameters of it can be seen and modified if possible In case of multiple www consteelsoftware com 30 CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL objects selection only the identical parameters appear however the different ones can also be changed to identical With the unselect button previously selected object type can be removed from the selection 1 3 GENERAL STRUCTURE OF DIALOGUE WINDOWS Several dialogue windows especially the most important ones on the STRUCTURAL MEMBERS and LOADS tabs show same structure in order to make easy the orientation in the labyrinth of tools and functions The usual parts of these dialogues are described below 1 the method of placement assign to an element or draw from one 2 extract data from a previously placed object All the para
126. nstance Beam to column 01 Renumbering the objects To renumbering the objects first select the relevant objects then click on the RENUMBER SELECTED OBJECTS icon onthe STRUCTURAL MEMBERS tab lv Point support V Placed joint The members to be renumbered should be selected before the start of the dialogue 53 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL The RENUMBER SELECTED OBJECT window will appear with the automatically recognized object types contained by the set of selection With the checkboxes could be selected the different types objects for renumbering The following functions can be used for renumbering Prefix of the name can be defined Start number can be defined Priority of the renumbering can be set in the 3 main directions X Y Z The new names of the objects will built up from the given prefix and the new serial number except the Placed joint object type Label s visibility The visibility of the labels can be set on the bottom status bar as it was discussed above Chapter 1 2 6 The following label options are available material the used material name of structural members for instance S235 shape the name of the used cross sections of structural bar members for instance HEA 200 thickness the thickness of the used structural plates or walls load intensity FF FY units the units of load and thickness if set for instance
127. nts of the element into local system u using their local stiffness matrices f Z K Iu 7 Ifthe difference between the new nodal displacements and the ones obtained earlier exceeds a certain limit repeat the calculations from step 2 7 5 3 STATIC EIGENVALUE BUCKLING ANALYSIS In a mechanical interpretation the eigenvalue analysis approximates the elastic critical load levels where the structure is subjected to some modes of loss of stability Mathematically it means that the second order equation of 3 has no unique solution because the second order stiffness matrix is singular In ConStee linear eigenvalue analysis is performed considering one parameter conservative loading and that the geometric stiffness matrix depends linearly on the load factor A K Af AK f 4 In this case the eigenvalue analysis can be written in the following form K 2K JU 0 5 The solutions are certain critical load factors buckling loads factor A a which make the second order stiffness matrix singular and corresponding displacements buckling shapes U The possible buckling shapes which can be calculated by this eigenvalue analysis are basically influenced by the considered second order effects which are determined by the applied finite element In case of beam column structures the 7 DOF finite elements have the 144 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL capability to consider all modes of global b
128. oads coming from different places or different combinations and the dominant place and combination is automatically highlighted The spectacular documentation shows the detailed geometry of the joint with its connections and the summarized and detailed results for all cases can be flexibly documented 216 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 1 Right flange Moment end plate connection 1 1 Joint geometry The way for creating documentation is the same as in ConStee main module see Chapter 11 for more detailed instructions 12 6 STRUCTURE JOINT INTERACTION The most up to date structural design procedures take into account the mechanical interaction between the global structural model and its connections rigid semi rigid or pinned which generally makes the results more economic and realistic However this approach requires a more complicated relationship between the joints and the structure and accordingly more serious modelling effort from the engineer In the ConSteel all the joint types can be defined freely or based on the global model geometry using the automatic identification tool which examines the position of the connected members and the proper cross sections and offer the possible joint types After defining the joint it can place back to the global model and the appropriate connection stiffness can be automatically used in the global analysis and a placed joint is always rechecked based on the current ana
129. of the beam which can be set if the BEAM is clicked in the joint tree see below E Bolted moment end plate co Column Stiffeners Joint loading Right flange Moment e Beam End plate Welds V Automatic calculation Calculation Summary of results of the whole joint gt Right flange Teherkombinaci6 1 P2 Moment resistance Mij Rd 691 14 kNm Moment capacity 54 Adequate Axial design resistance Nj Rd 2820 00 kN Shear resistance Wj Rd 1005 95 kN Shear capacity 17 Adequate Dominant weld component Flange weld on the lower haunch Dominant weld capacity 93 Adequate Initial stiffness Sj ini 254622 98 kNmrad Secant stiffness for applied moment Sj sec 25462298 kNmrad Stiffness class Semi rigid 91 7 Class of strength Full strength Warning The haunch web thickness is less then the beam web thickness Error O Varning 1 Hint 0 m r If the BEAM is selected in the connection tree then beam related properties of the connection can be set like the section size and material grade 1 Beam end configuration can be set such as haunch 2 Furthermore the beam span and position of the beam are essential for the joint calculation 3 Joint_12 Column i Stiffeners Joint loading Left flange Moment end pl 4 Automatic calculation Summary of results of the whole joint Left flange Joint results for positive loading j E Mj
130. on stability and the composite beam design functions can be found on the MEMBER DESIGN tab SERVICEABILITY CHECKS TAB All serviceability related functions horizontal and vertical deflection checks can be found on the SERVICEABILITY CHECKS tab LAYERS TAB Provides functions for adjusting the layer properties DOCUMENT TAB Layers Document GH 6 i ah The functions on the DOCUMENT tab allow of the creation of the flexible and detailed Statical documentation and contain a model information tool 20 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 1 2 5 THE SIDE BAR Save model Undo Redo Settings for the coordinate system and snapping grids Model views Top Front Side Isometric Perpendicular to raster Line view visualization of the model Wireframe visualization of the model Hidden line view visualization of the model Solid view visualization of the model HI ir a b J i Move point and edge Move Copy the selected objects mei E Mirror the selected objects Rotate the selected objects Make a section works on shell models only Select all objects Deselect all objects Invert selection Select by properties Fit view Ctrl 0 The side bar contains the mostly used functions for modeling 1 2 6 THE STATUS BAR A k x o Y ew zp L 00021 g iy e Gin amp e P50 The first field is a progress bar shows the progress of the actions The next 3 icons on the st
131. on limit mm Capacity Global vertical deflection check Second order analysis Whole model v 7000 x0 0 2 6000 x 7000 Y 0 2 6000 L 100 Load combination 2 B2 3 291 489 70 462 170 B CONSTEEL 8 4 4 LOCAL DEFLECTION CHECK BY MEMBERS Local deflection check by members goes through all the beams in the model and checks the local deflection and then selects the maximum This check is suitable only for horizontal beams i e members in XY plane Local deflection check by members is not adequate for cantilever beams just for beams which are supported by two other beams or supports in both ends 8 4 5 RELATIVE DEFLECTION CHECK FOR 2 POINTS Relative deflection check for 2 points can be used for two clicked points Relative horizontal or vertical check can be selected and performed www consteelsoftware com 8 0 USER MANUAL _Load combination 2 _Load combination 3 _Load combination 4 Load combination 5 Finite element point Dominant relative vertical deflection mm Deflection limit mm Capacity _Load combination 2 Load combination 3 Load combination 4 _Load combination 5 Load combination 1 First structural point k X 0 Y 0 Z 6000 Second structural point k X 5000 Y 0 Z 6000 Relative horizontal deflection Deflection limit mm Dominant load combination Load combinations Dominant horizonta
132. onsteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Draw Arc Arcs could be created out of the actual UCS e Draw arc by centre point start point and angle Select the centre of the arc Select the start point of the arc Select the angel of the arc or type it to the dialog window Era arc by 3 points Select the start point Select the end point Select a point in the arc L Draw arc by start point end point and tangent Select the start point Select the end point Select the other point of the tangent Draw two dimensional plane elements S Draw two dimensional plane element Define the geometry of the plane element Draw hole Select the plane element Define the geometry of the hole Rectangle closed polyline or circle Fl nance the direction of the local x axes of a plane element by defining two points Select the surface Select the start point Set the direction with the second point The construction modes of the plane elements Sy on construction mode of a rectangle type plane element can be selected rectangle or leaning rectangle OR construction mode of a circular type of the plane element can be selected draw circle by radius by diameter or circle by 3 points E Draw polygon a closed polyline Set the first point Set the next points To close the polygon press right click on the mouse 68 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 4 5 MODIFYING The four mostly used modify
133. oot ini file with 3GB switch boot loader timeout 30 default multi O disk 0 rdisk O partition 2 WINNT operating systems multi O disk O rdisk 0 partition 2 WINNT 3GB The 2 in the above line represents the name of the operating system you have to add the 3GB text at the end of that line 1 2 THE MAIN WINDOW The main window consists of six separate parts containing different functionalities The graphical window is the area for the 3D structural modeling the menu contains some important commands the tabs from left to right lead the engineer through the steps of structural design the side bar contains functions of grids views most commonly used transformations and selections the status bar makes the drawing phases easy and the object and parameter tables at the right gives always sophisticated information about the model making fast modifications possible www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Q What s the difference between mechanical engineers and civil engineers A Mechanical engineers build weapons civil engineers build targets 1 2 1 THE STARTUP WINDOW After starting ConSteel there is a startup dialog window which allows creating and opening models easily The latest models can be opened without browsing folders They are sorted by the last modification date as a default setting but it can also be sorted by name or by model path 2010 03 17 15 01 38 2010 03 17 15
134. orce i Vy plate shear force on the section perpendicular to the local x axis Vy plate shear force on the section perpendicular to the local y axis Vp resultant plate shear force Qn principal directions of the membrane forces 147 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 1 2n a a 90 2 a0 n n Qm principal directions of the plate moments 2m a arctan 90 lt a lt 90 Z m m y Stresses on surface on upper middle and lower plane of the surface on the end nodes of each finite element in the local coordinate system normal stress in the local x direction normal stress in the local y direction Oxy shear stress maximum principal stress Oumu Huber Mises Hencky stress a 2 Ommu O O 0 0 30 Qos principal directions of the stresses 1 20 y a arctan 90 lt a lt 90 2 O O m Reactions on the support nodes in the global coordinate system R allthe reaction forces and moments Rp all the reaction forces Rer all the reaction moments R reaction force in the in the global X direction R reaction force in the in the global Y direction R reaction force in the in the global Z direction R reaction moment about the global X direction Ry reaction moment about the global Y direct
135. ore the position of the reference plane is essential for the joint calculation The image on the right gives a visual help about the meaning of Lsr and Lc variables Csom pont_1 Stiffeners Joint loading S Right flange Moment end t www consteelsoftware com V Automatic calculation Summary of results of the whole joint Right flange Moment end plate connection Calculation Werning The haunch flange thickness is less then the beam flange thickness Error 0 Warning 1 Hint 0 Right flange Joint results for positive loading Moment resistance Axial design resistance Shear resistance Dominant compression component Beam flange and web in compression 6 2 6 7 Dominant tension component Bolt row 1 Column flange in bending Mode 3 Bott failure Mj Rd 267 82 kNm Vj Rd 322 36 KN Sj in 143642 89 Sj sec 143642 89 Semi rigid 79 3 Partial strength Fe fb Rd 587 50 kN Fti Rd 141 12 kN Da _ cose C ox 211 CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Stiffeners can be added if STIFFENERS is clicked in the connection tree Upper and lower stiffener plate properties can be seen in the 1 part of the image below Additional web and flange stiffeners can also be defined 2 In order to place shear stiffener in the joint click on Use stiffener check box 3 Bear in mind that the position of the stiffeners are measured from the reference plane
136. parate file with csr ConSteelResult extension but this file cannot be opened solely Open and save csm the ConSteelModel file created by autosave functionality AutoSave settings can be edited in the OPTIONS menu csm bak the ConSteelModel backup file Backup save settings can be edited in the OPTIONS menu Backup file is created at every manual save and stores the previous saved version of the model If necessary bak extension can be deleted and backup model used as a normal model anf StruCad text file type Only for open csf old ConStee version binary file type ConSteel 2 x 3 x Only for open asc Tekla Structures ASCII file Only for open dxf AutoCad text file type For open and save SC1 BoCad text file type For open and save optional module is needed for Bocad snf StruCad text file type For open and save 36 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 2 3 MODEL EXPORT INTO STRUCAD A special interface option has been developed in order to make the StruCad export functionality complete Using this unique feature not only the beam and bar objects of the structural model can be exported to StruCad but all the details of the calculated joints Moreover if a joint is placed to the structural model the export process identifies these joints and the model will appear with their completely developed and detailed connections in StruCad 2 3 1 COMPLETE MODEL EXPORT To export the co
137. pe of the amplitude and the value of the amplitude can be modified With the DELETE ROW button the selected eigenshapes can be deleted from the imperfection group 124 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL we Load combination 1 Load combination 1 1g eigenshapes 2 ig eigenshapes 2 mm value a we Load combination 1 Load combination 1 1g eigenshapes 3 ig eigenshapes 3 mm value M Load combination 2 Load combination 2 ig eigenshapes 7 ig eigenshapes 7 mm value 6 6 EARTHQUAKE Seismic load can be determined according to the modal response spectrum analysis For each vibration shapes the equivalent static loads are generated Combination of the seismic loads in one direction is calculated according the CQC Complete Quadratic Combination method Combination of the components of the seismic actions is computed using all of the three following combinations 125 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL a EEdx 0 30 Egay 0 30 Efaz b 0 30 EEdx Egay 0 30 EEaz c 0 30 Egg 0 30 Egay Egaz 6 6 1 SEISMIC LOAD GROUP AND LOAD CASE The first step is to create the seismic load group and the necessary number of seismic load case For one seismic effect one load case is necessary For the seismic loads the dedicated seismic load group must be used Persistent Transient Meteorological Wind E Accidental GS Seismic Cancel The proper seismi
138. pen Help system X manual definition of X coordinate value al Y manual definition of Y coordinate value 34 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Z manual definition of Z coordinate value a manual definition of alpha polar coordinate value b manual definition of beta polar coordinate value L manual definition of length from the previous point in a defined direction R switch between the global and last defined user coordinate system Middle mouse button move model ALT left mouse button rotate model ALT right mouse button zooming model M move model up J move model down gt move model right lt move model left middle mouse button scale model scale up model scale down model SHIFT left mouse button unselect 7 F Y F Y Y F Y Y F FF F FF F F FF F SHIFT ALT left mouse button window scale 35 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 2 FILE HANDLING 2 1 BASICS The file handling in ConStee follows the same usual and simple way of the MS Windows standard The saved files contains all information about the model it can be relocated to other folder and opened Normally the csm file extension is associated with the ConSteel these files can be opened by double click 2 2 FILE TYPES The following file types are handled in ConStee csm the ConSteelModel file native binary file type It can be opened with or without results The result file is saved to a se
139. placed 114 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 6 4 4 LOAD TRANSFER SURFACE P Load transfer surface is a special surface which distributes surface loads to members as line loads This is very useful in those cases when surface load need to be distributed to members like floor loads snow and wind load etc After clicking on the 2 icon on the LOADS taba dialog window appears Edit load transfer surface Name Load transfer surface Mo Boome xin i a x Just like in the two dimensional figure drawing there are different possibilities to draw the surface draw a rectangle draw leaning rectangle draw circle draw polygon After drawing the surface it is possible to select the members to which the surface distributes the load There are two options distribute load to the selected members or distribute load to all members covered by the surface in the surface plane If second option is clicked then the appropriate members will be highlighted If none of the options is clicked then the second one will be applied as a default Name load trarsfer saface Draw surface Select members Distribute load to the selected members Distribute load to af members in the surface plane ear Chose S 115 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL It is also possible to choose the first option and select members for carrying the surface load or remove
140. ppear in the joint documentation and also useful to distinguish joints from each other The 2 part in the image below shows the general type of the connection Additional connections can be added or removed with the three dots buttons if necessary The 3 part shows the tree structure about the joint all components of the connection can be seen and selected here 210 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL Joint configuration Beam to column joint 8 0 USER MANUAL x ph eo V Automatic calculation Summary of results of the whole joint Right flange Moment end plate connection Calculation he ad Warning The haunch flange thickness is less then the beam flange thickness Error O Warning 1 Hint 0 Right flange Joint results for positive loading Moment resistance Class of strength Dominant compression component Beam flange and web in compression 6 2 6 7 Dominant tension component Bolt row 1 Column flange in bending Mode 3 Bolt failure Mj Rd 267 82 kNm Nj Ra 705 60 kN Vj Rd 322 36 kN Sjin 143642 89 Sj sec 143642 89 Semi rigid 79 3 Partial strength Fc fb Rd 587 50 kN Fti Rd 141 12 KN vr __ cose J ox If the COLUMN is selected in the connection tree then column related properties of the connection can be set like the section size and material grade 1 Setting the position of the column is also very important 2 Furtherm
141. pping the intersection points of graphical lines circles arcs and structural beams columns objects li Snapping the parallel point to a linear object is Snapping the nearest element point to an object ve Snapping the lengthened point of a linear object The system is showing the actual distance of the snapping point in mm from the endpoint of a linear element 33 Switches On OFF the snap point of the raster amp Snapping point to a tangent of an Arc Circle from one point l Snapping point to a perpendicular from one point to an object Line or Arc Circle snapping to Center point of Arc Circle For snapping the center of linear elements you have to use the appropriate settings of Snap divided points see above 26 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL The last field of the Status bar is the STEP field Here the given number in mm is the snapping distance towards the length direction of line and bar elements when the lengthening Snapping point is ON x 1000 Y 41000 z 6500 L fs215 Bure Gg nf Step 1000 1 2 7 THE WINDOWS OF OBJECT TREE DIAGNOSTICS RESULTS AND OBJECT PROPERTIES The visibility of these windows can be switched ON OFF in the VIEW menu Object properties StatusBar Diagnostics Sizes of objects 27 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Object tree window Object window has two tabs MODEL CONTENT tab Z
142. ral initial sway can be created or can be deleted by the DELETE button To create an initial sway the direction height of base level and the extent of initial sway 1 Fi have to be given Pressing the APPLY or the OK button the initial sway will be created Notional load Initial sway Application of eigenshape Name iser Direction of the initial sway x E Y O Unique angle from axis X 0 degree Give the height of base level Lowest paint of the model Give unique height Extent of the initial sway Extent of the initial sway 1 Fi EN 1993 1 1 5 3 2 Fi Fi_0 x Alfa hx Alfam 200 lt 1 Fi lt 424 26 6 5 3 APPLICATION OF EIGENSHAPE Previously calculated buckling modes can be applied as a geometric imperfection with user defined amplitude Even more buckling modes can be easily superposed as one imperfection 122 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 6 5 3 1 APPLY EIGENSHAPES To apply eigenshapes as an imperfection previously the buckling analysis has to be run On the ANALYSIS tab from the dropdown menu the proper eigenshape has to be chosen To apply the eigenshape as an imperfection clicking in the graphical area with right mouse button and choosing the Apply eigenshapes as an imperfection option Select eigenvalue for design Apply eigenshape as imperfection In the appeared dialog the following settings have to be set Imperfection group any eigenshap
143. rect values of the parameters It is important to know that load intensity is calculated using the parameters added on the window and these parameters can be modified later but every line wind load is independent from the others Therefore modifying the parameter of a line wind load will not have effect on the other line loads If one or more parameter s need to be modified for all line wind loads then all must be selected and the appropriate parameter s must be modified Velocity pressure qp kN m 1 Frame distance 3 m Internal pressure cp 0 2 ums Extrenal pressure Cp 1 Load intensity kN m 2 4 Local eccentricity y z Position of load 1 along the line Position of load 2 along the line T eee 113 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL By clicking on the Internal Pressure the window below will appear It is possible to view and select the Cpe values after choosing the type of the wind surface wall flat roof duopitch roof etc gt a d e Hle 415 e gt Standard Cpe table EN 1991 1 4 2007 Table 7 1 hd Al0 Al B10 B1 C10 C1 D10 Dl 10 El 0 250 12 14 08 11 05 0 5 07 10 03 03 0250 12 14 08 11 05 0 5 07 10 03 03 hd A B Ic D E 0 250 1 200 0 800 0 500 0 700 0 250 1 200 0 800 0 500 0 700 0 300 6 4 3 SURFACE LOAD Surface loads can be defined using the same method like in point or in line loads No surface moment loads can be
144. rection R reaction force in the in the global Z direction R reaction moment about the global X direction R reaction moment about the global Y direction R reaction moment about the global Z direction Static eigenvalues and corresponding eigenshapes on the finite element nodes in the global coordinate system Dynamic eigenvalues and corresponding eigenshapes on the finite element nodes in the global coordinate system m Surface elements First and second order calculations Deformations on the finite element nodes in the global coordinate system XYZ all components X only displacements in the X direction Y only displacements in the Y direction Z only displacements in the Z direction Equilibrium signed summation of the internal nodal force components and the appropriate external force and reaction components all the values should be zero which means the model is in equilibrium in the calculated deformed state Forces on surface edge forces and moments per unit length on the end nodes of each finite element in the local coordinate system m bending moment on the section perpendicular to the local x axis my bending moment on the section perpendicular to the local y axis Mx torsional moment n normal force in the local x direction ny normal force in the local y direction Nyy membrane shear f
145. rted object the support will keep the orientation to the coordinate system which was used by placing the support 93 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL If any special supports are needed during the modelling process different from the predefined support types then click on the support definition icon ex With the NEw button new type of point support can be defined 7 DOFs Degrees of Freedom can be set to free fix or semi rigid For semi rigid DOF the stiffness must also be set in kN mm or kNmm rad Name of support model X z 2z w Degrees of freedom Fr Fix Semitigid Stiffness kN mm kNm rad x Y z RX The support type names can be clearly understood For instance x y z xx means any movement is fixed in x y and z direction and the rotation around x axe is also fixed All the rest DOFs are free Local eccentricity can also be defined to the supports This feature can be used for example for modelling the support effect of the bracing which is not connected to the reference line of the member but supporting the flange of the beam Local eccentricity Type pair 4 Middle Left 5 a Middle 94 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL The eccentricity of the support can be defined relative to the reference line of a section or relative to the section geometry The O Reference line local eccentricity typ
146. s Auto moving the mouse the system is detects the desired reference axis i ka hi a Diameter ofa circle 57 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Radius of a circle Angle of two lines gt After selecting two lines any of the four angle could be dimensioned sim the selected points of a construction relative to global Z direction related to the given Height dimension This function helps for quick dimensioning the high positions of value in Basic line filed The content of the Basic line field means the height of the O level in the global Z direction All the picked points will be measured from to this value as a 0 PETRE o Textbox to a given line The given text A 2 in the script field can be placed into the model Io g maf O Q ja A Parameters A 2 i plans ia 58 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 3 7 MEASURE During modeling sometime necessary to measure distances and angles The MEASURE tool can be found at the end of the GEOMETRY tab File Edit View Options Standards Help Geometry Structural members Loads Finte element Analysis Global checks Member checks OOCMIA D PHe xa VVAR The following window offers the measuring functions aE Measure distance Shows on the screen the measured distance between two picked points in meter or in millimeter selected from the
147. s the required number of finite elements used on the member in the analysis can be set The default automatic option gives a sufficient result in the most cases Local eccentricity member eccentricity can be defined in the local coordinate system y z of the member and the section can be rotated about the local coordinate x At the bottom of this dialog there is an instruction and command area for guiding the user 77 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT NOT ONLY THE ECCENTRIC AXIAL FORCE PRODUCES INFLUENCE IN THE ANALYSIS ADDITIONAL BENDING MOMENTS BUT THE ECCENTRIC BENDING AND TORSIONAL MOMENTS ADDITIONAL BENDING AND TORSIONAL MOMENTS AND BIMOMENT 5 2 1 1 COMPOSITE COLUMN MODELLING The first step is to define a composite column cross section Five types of cross section are available fully encased section in concrete partially encased section in concrete encased maltese cross section in concrete fully encased section in hollow section and fully encased section in circular hollow section The cross section macros can be found among the MACRO SECTIONS plese Fully encased I section in concrete During the creation of the cross section the parameters of the concrete section reinforcement and the encased steel section have to be set z perlbars C12 15 EN 1992 1 1 201 v Lower bars a wo he Modulus of elasticity app
148. s _l lVaapsssusso 7ousSsT S3 _ _ Model Content Portions Manager El Model Layer El Section H Element group l Support types H Point support Eel Release types Line load H Load group E Load case E Load combination Placed joint By defaults this tab contains all the predefined n OOCmM ADP p ANSA basic object types which are necessary for building up a structure While modeling each new object materials sections loads members supports 2 VMPC r Eata etc will appear in the tree Py Sz object structure in the oa i AEP Tem appropriate group Selecting any of the objects it will be highlighted selected in the model space Multiple selections of objects are Z 3250 L pi95 6 of LG possible in this tree 28 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL PORTIONS MANAGER tab x Model Content Portions Manager e l oe El A a i Portions he E Frame5 G Braced portion W Show hidden parts of the structure translucently Please find the description of this tab in the 3 2 MODEL VIEWS and in the 3 4 PORTIONS MANAGER chapters below Diagnostic window In case of a geometrical or modeling mistakes like overlapping two or more object missing supports
149. s multiple objects selection To reselect any of the selected object hold down the CTRL key and click on the object name again in the object tree The additional generalized selection options select all unselect all inverse selection can be found on the left side bar or they can be reached by right mouse button click on the graphical window 3 4 PORTIONS MANAGER PORTIONS MANAGER is a great tool to manage different but related parts of the model ie floors columns bracings beams etc This function can be achieved on the PORTIONS MANAGER tab New portions can be added by clicking the NEW PORTION icon 2 Before do so select the parts of the model which will belong to the portion The portions can be arranged into folders New folder can be created by licking the NEw FOLDER icon 1 50 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Model Content Portions Manager ot iai BAE a W Portions ooh UO Columns To turn on portion check in the check box in front of name of the portion More portions can be turned on at the same time If the Show hidden parts of the structure translucently check box 6 is clicked at bottom of the PORTIONS MANAGER tab then the hidden parts of the model are also shown but those parts a translucent Any objects of the structural model can be part of more portions at the same time To modify a previously defined Portion first select the relevant parts of the model
150. saved hH and can be used as a conversion file in future exports After clicking OK button the model will be exported 2 4 1 JOINT EXPORT LIMITATIONS Base Plate 1042 No haunch can be exported Anchor rod type must be set manually in Tekla ConSteel settings has no effect on the export m Anchor rod properties which have effect on the export are the followings diameter grade Foundation will not be exported Upper and lower flange weld thickness would be the same in Tekla model different ConStee l settings has no effect on the export Haunch 40 43 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL m Upper and lower haunch dimensions are the same upper haunch dimensions come from the lower No shear stiffeners are exported into Tekla only supplementary web plate Flange stiffeners are not exported into Tekla Apex haunch 106 No upper haunch Stiffened end plate 27 There is no web stiffener plate in Tekla 44 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 3 MODEL VIEW 3 1 BASICS The transparent and multipurpose model views are very important to the engineer since these views provide the first graphical model survey opportunity Accordingly the first and most important objective of the model views is to feedback the user about the objects placed yield a visual proof that the right objects are on the right place 3 2 MODEL VIEWS The model viewing options can be found on the
151. sed on the standard procedures of Eurocode 3 Part 1 8 these procedures are almost entirely covered by the module For the different types of connections the following analyses are performed Moment connections e Moment resistance based on the plastic tension components of the individual or grouped bolt rows and compression components including the effect of axial load e Shear resistance of the bolts in combined shear and tension e Bearing resistance of plates e Web and flange weld resistance and capacity to the applied load the section strength or the appropriate component e Initial and secant stiffness based on the tension and compression components and applied moment Shear connections e Shear resistance of bolts and plates e Bearing resistance of plates e Block tearing resistance of plates e Weld resistance and capacity to the applied load or section strength Hollow section connections e Chord face failure web failure shear failure and punching shear failure e Brace failure e Local buckling of the members 12 5 RESULTS AND DOCUMENTATION The analysis results are displayed in two main forms a summarized view containing the main resistances stiffness and capacities and a detailed view showing the components of the main results which is comprehensive enough to see what are the weakest point of the connections and what type of strengthening would be the most efficient to apply A joint is calculated for all the l
152. selected structural members will not be copied Checked The supports of the selected structural members will be copied In case of the selection set does not contain at least one selected member than the selected supports will not be copied Join point If the Join points box is checked then the end points of the copied objects will be connected with lines dG Mirror selected objects The two given points represent mirroring axis will be projected into the actual UCS system and the mirroring will be performed in the actual UCS symmetrically to the axis of mirroring As first step select the UCS for mirroring if it is needed select objects to be mirrored and click on the MIRROR SELECTED OBJECTS icon V Copy loads W Copy supports E Join points iji t the first point of the mirror axis Selecting the mirror line by picking two points for the mirror axis the selected objects will be moved or copy to the mirrored position The effects of the options are the same as it was described above 70 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL my mech Rotate selected objects Select the objects for rotation W Copy loads 1 K W Copy supports a Apply E Join points i ie center of rotation Select the Move or Copy option for the transformation The number of copies can be selected Set the centre of rotation Set reference point of rotation Set the direction point or type in
153. size is an approximate target maximum size for the finite element mesh used for the calculation of surface members 87 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 5 4 DIAPHRAGM In plane rigid element can be defined on the model in arbitrary planar The added members distance from each other will be same in the plane of the diaphragm element With diaphragm element the in plane rigid structural elements for example slab trapezoid sheet can be modelled After clicking on the icon on the STRUCTURAL MEMBERS tab a dialog window appears i A ae Just like in the two dimensional figure drawing there are different possibilities to draw the geen i surface draw a rectangle L draw leaning rectangle 2l draw circle p With the select function previously created LOAD TRANSFER SURFACE can be select to use as a diaphragm also draw polygon After drawing the surface it is possible to select the members which are added to the diaphragm or all of the planer members can add DIAPHRAGM element can be used also as a LOAD TRANSFER SURFACE and surface loads can be placed on it 5 5 RIGID BODY Arbitrary rigid body line can be defined on the model Separate structural members can be linked with the rigid body 88 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Before clicking on the Z icon the lines members and surface edges have to be selected which should be converted to rigid body B
154. tart value for section height applied at the start point of the member the end value applied at the other end To change the H1 and H2 values click the icon The values will be changed and selecting again the member for tapering the sizes of the tapering will change adequately The rules for the beam eccentricity of the tapered member relates to the axis of the originally positioned member to be tapered Set beam eccentricity Place the centroid of the smaller section to the axis of the beam Place the centroid of the bigger section to the axis of the beam Place the centroid of the original section to the axis of the beam 1 Place the centroid of the smaller section to the axis of the beam the centre of smaller H value of the tapered member will be positioned to the axis of the original beam 2 Place the centroid of the bigger section to the axis of the beam the centre of bigger H value of the tapered member will be positioned to the axis of the original beam 84 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 3 Place the centroid of the original section to the axis of the beam the edge of the tapered member is coincident with the original member end and the tapering will start from this position The relative position of the tapering can be z the left side of the tapered member will be parallel to the axis of the originally placed member symmetric or z the right side of the tapered member will be parallel to
155. te system can be modified using the tools presented in Chapter 4 2 1 66 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 4 3 DEFINING ACTION POINTS te l Action points snap points can be set by moving the cursor on the Slicon on the right side of the bottom status bar You can find the description about the snap point settings above in Status bar section Chapter 1 2 6 4 4 DRAWING The functions for drawing described below are collected on the GEOMETRY tab Draw line ino line drawing First select the start point Then select the end point 2 Polyline drawing First select the start point Then select the next points Press ESC to interrupt line drawing Draw rectangle with lines o Draw rectangle Select the corner point Select the opposite corner e Draw leaning rectangle in the space Select the corner point Select end point of the side of the rectangle Select third point of the rectangle Draw Circle S Draw circle by radius Select the centre point of the circle Select the radius of the circle The circle will be created in the plane containing the centre point and parallel to the actual UCS S Draw circle by diameter Select the start point Select the end point The circle can be created out of the actual UCS system Draw circle by 3 points Select first point Select second point Select third point The circle will be created in the plane defined by the three definition points 67 www c
156. the axis of the originally placed member These definitions regulate the directions of the offset of the given height values along the local z axis of the tapered beam Below shown the effect of the different relative positioning by the chosen eccentricity 1 Place the centroid of the smaller section to the axis of the beam the centre of smaller H value of the tapered member will be positioned to the axis of the original beam Z symmetric Z 2 Place the centroid of the bigger section to the axis of the beam the centre of bigger H value of the tapered member will be positioned to the axis of the original beam Z symmetric Z 85 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 3 Place the centroid of the original section to the axis of the beam The edge of the tapered member is coincident with the original member end the tapering starts from this position Z symmetric Z Activating the icon by clicking an earlier created tapered member in the model the values the eccentricity and the relative positioning will be read out of that clicked and appear in the dialog box By clicking another member for taper these parameters will be applied IN CASE OF SELECTING A TAPERED MEMBER NOT ONLY THE MEMBER BUT THE TAPERING WILL BE SELECTED AUTOMATICALLY AND CAN BE MODIFIED IN THE PARAMETER TABLE AS SEPARATE OBJECT IMPORTANT TO KNOW THAT FOR THE TAPERED MEMBERS NEW SECTIONS ARE CREATED DURING THE AU
157. the initial configuration This effect can be considered as if the initial stiffness was changing during the loading history The steps of the second order analysis are the following Performing the whole first order analysis as described in the previous section Calculation of geometric stiffness matrices K of the finite elements in their local coordinate system by the internal forces of the elements f 143 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 3 Compiling the second order global stiffness matrix K K and nodal force vector P of the whole model by transforming the element stiffness matrices into the global coordinate system 4 Modifying the second order global stiffness matrix and nodal force vector considering the special boundary conditions supports continuity releases between the elements prescribed displacements temperature loads etc 5 Solution of the basic linear system of equations which writes the relationship between the applied nodal forces known variables generated from the loads and the nodal displacements unknown variables U in the global coordinate system for the loaded and deformed global model see section 7 2 FINITE ELEMENTS for the interpretation of nodal displacements and forces k K JU P gt U K K P 3 6 Calculation of the internal forces and stresses of the elements f in their local coordinate system by transforming the global nodal displaceme
158. the left mouse button The center of rotation is always adapting the actual model view Scaling spin the middle mouse button forth and back or use the and buttons on the keyboard or hold down the ALT key and the right mouse button Zoom window window drawing by the left mouse button while pressing SHIFT ALT keys Hotkeys for vie o Ctrl 1 Switch to top view O Ctrl 2 Switch to front view o Ctrl 3 Switch to side view o Ctrl 4 Switch to axonometric view o Ctril 5 Perpendicular to actual raster plane o Ctril 0 Quick zoom all 1 2 3 THE MENU In ConStee the menu does not contain many commands since the main functionality is placed to the structured tabs and side bars and the applicability and modeling efficiency does not really need to duplicate the functions However six important function groups appear here the FILE handling some EDIT options undo redo VIEW and diagnostics OPTIONS for settings for saving updating selecting language and for model diagnostics STANDARDS for reviewing and defining standard parameters for design and HELP 11 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL In FILE menu New model New model can be created Model attribute Model description and the EN National Annex or design standard can be changed These parameters can be set at first by creating a new model American Standard 2010 EN Recommended Values EN Hungarian WA EN Dutch NA EN
159. tion is possible if the special analysis has already been run In both cases the elastic critical axial force is automatically calculated If all the design parameters has been properly set then design check can be performed by clicking on the CHECK button Results will be displayed Design parameters Results Calculated problems lod conto mwa ooo Examined system lenath s 1 2 3 Weak axis buckling Summary of results Used capacity in lateral buckling 4 5 Place of the dominant cross section 0 mm from the first node Number of the dominant finite element 1 Place of the dominant FE node j Class of the dominant cross section for compres 2 Used part of standard 6 3 1 6 46 6 49 formula E Detailed calculation Nea 43 5 kN Nb Rd 964 3 kN Ner 2329 9 kN L 2733 mm k 0 846 i 0 737 a 0 340 0 863 x 0 763 A 5381 2 mm fy 235 0 N mm r 160 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL There are three drop down menus in order to view different results The first one can be used to change member the second one is to change load combinations and the third one is to change the buckling case The corresponding case is highlighted with green in the image A short explanation can be read in the bottom when any of the rows is selected Lateral torsional buckling design is more or less the s
160. tion of the local axis z depends on the placement of the column position of the start and end points The interpretation and signs of the inner forces on a member is defined by its local coordinate system and the mentioned general sign convention as described in the following figure 4 2 3 LOCAL COORDINATE SYSTEM OF SURFACE ELEMENTS For surface elements the local plane xy is defined in the plane of the surface the axis z is perpendicular to that plane and the direction of z is in accordance with the right hand role of coordinate systems The roles of the directions of the local axes of the plane surface elements 65 www consteelsoftware com FG CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL By creating a rectangle shaped plane surface element mh the axis x and y are parallel with the edges of the rectangle plane element The z direction created in accordance with the right hand role of the coordinate systems By creating a plane surface element with polyline border m the axis x is parallel with the line defined by the first and the second picked points It is the first edge of the plane surface element m the axis y points accordingly to the direction of the third picked point It is the second edge of the created plane surface element m The z direction created in accordance with the right hand role of the coordinate systems In case of surface elements the local coordina
161. tion with double plate flange splice of I sections plate splice of hollow sections angle brace or bolted end plate of sections Beam splice joints with Simple shear connection Bolted end plate moment connection Beam splice plate connection Beam to beam web joints with Simple shear connection Bolted end plate moment connection Web finplate 199 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Bracing gusset plate joint to beam flange and web with double plate flange splice of sections connection plate splice of hollow sections connection angle brace connection 200 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Column base joints with Bolted base plate moment connection Rigid connection with ground beam Solu mn b ase gt join aa Hollow section truss joints with Kand N connection T and Y connection Multiplanar truss Tension chord splice connection ol gt S at ey CEN CTA 201 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Splice plate component One side simple splice plate One side double splice plate Two side double splice plate Two side simple splice plate The module offers a number of strengthening possibilities such as lower or and upper haunch with or without flange transverse web stiffeners flange stiffeners and flange backing plates shear stiffeners
162. tructure as accurate as possible In ConSteel all the finite elements model always have the real 3D behavior there are no options for special reduced degree of freedom calculations plane frames plate or membrane surfaces etc if it is required appropriate support and or load system should be applied All the defined loads and supports are converted to nodal 136 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL forces by load cases and nodal supports no forces or supports are considered along the finite elements this feature is taken into account during the automatic FE mesh generation The subsequent sections do not intend to introduce the deep theory behind the applied finite elements it can be found in the literature only the most significant features are presented and explained which are important to know for the appropriate interpretation of the results 7 2 2 LINE ELEMENTS There are three options for line elements a 6 degrees of freedom 6DOF general beam column element for the bars subjected to axial force shear force bending moment torsion or any interaction of these a 7 degrees of freedom 7DOF beam column with warping element for the bars subjected same as 6DOF element warping effect a tension only TO element for bars subjected by tension force The 7DOF element is specially developed for thin walled members where the warping of the cross section is of high importance in the behavior this eff
163. ts El 1 Model of structure A 1 1 Main data iv Total number of bar members f 1 1 1 Steel members 1 2 Points 1 3 Lines H 1 4 Material 1 5 Bar members H 1 6 Point support 1 7 Loads on 2 Results of second order analysis 5 2 1 Dominant internal forces at H 2 2 Dominant internal forces at a 2 3 Dominant internal forces at ce 2 4 Dominant reactions by suppor 6 2 5 Reactions of point supports By clicking the Pictures tab the image handling icons can be seen Any of the taken Snapshots can be inserted into the documentation or can be deleted The image will be inserted below the selected paragraph Content Pictures Tables Appendices he AE 2 Sections 3 Supports 4 Deflection The third tab is the Tables There are lot of possibilities in ConStee where tables can be ES in a table then that table is saveable Any previously saved tables can be inserted to the saved If you see the icon during analysis and design process where the results appears documentation or can be deleted from the model database The table will be inserted below the selected paragraph The last tab is the Appendices If any joint or section documentation had been generated previously these can be found here and can be added to the end of the documentation The appendices can also be deleted from the database 193 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEU DOCUMENTATION 11 2 2 CREATIN
164. ts of the software into the Directory you have specified then it will position the Menu of the program onto the selected place of the START menu Finally the install shield will place the starting icon onto the desktop The last step of the setup is the hard lock driver installation This has no progress signal so you will have to wait while it finishes As a default both 32 and 64 bit Windows operating systems are able to provide 2 GB RAM for the 32 bit applications like ConSteel is today When the computer has more than 2 GB RAM physically than with the following changes in the configuration of the boot ini file of the Windows operating system approximately 3 GB will be accessible for ConSteel www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Change the configuration for Windows Vista and Windows 7 operating systems To extend the available memory run the following from the command prompt bcdedit set increaseuserva 3072 to switch back run the following from the command prompt bcdedit deletevalue increaseuserva The configuration steps for the following operation systems e Windows XP Professional e Windows Server 2003 e Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition e Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Edition e Windows 2000 Advanced Server e Windows 2000 Datacenter Server e Windows NT Server 4 0 Enterprise Edition backup the original boot ini file and then put the 3GB switch in your boot ini here is the sample b
165. uckling shapes flexural buckling torsional buckling lateral torsional buckling and any interactions of these 7 5 3 1 BUCKLING SENSITIVITY Buckling sensitivity analysis is a very useful function to assist the global stability design Buckling sensitivity gives a review about the eigen shapes of the structure and gives for every member the relevant eigen shape which is the best for the buckling analysis Teherkombin ci 1 idee Teherkombinaci6 3 Teherkombinaci6 3 Teherkombindci6 3_ Teherkombinaci6 3 Teherkombinacio 3 7 5 4 DYNAMIC EIGENVALUE VIBRATION ANALYSIS In a mechanical interpretation the dynamic eigenvalue analysis approximates the eigenfrequencies where the structure is subjected to some modes of free vibration In ConSteel linear eigenvalue analysis is performed considering the second order stiffness matrix and consistent mass matrix M K K M U 0 6 145 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL The solutions are certain eigenfrequencies and corresponding displacements free vibration shapes U The possible vibration shapes which can be calculated by this eigenvalue analysis are basically influenced by the considered stiffness and mass matrices which are determined by the applied finite element In case of beam column structures the 7 DOF finite elements have the capability to consider all modes of global vibration shapes flexural torsional lateral torsion
166. ulated based on the design parameters The effective breadth which must be set at the cross section creation is used in the graphics and for determining the self weight of the beam It is also possible to create an edge composite beam with different width in left and right side Rebars can be easily defined either with pitch or with area mm7 m 79 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL ba 0 mm Deo 0 mm he 300 Material 20 25 EN 1992 1 1 20 v Longitudinal rebars Diameter mm Diameter mm Pitch among bars at 150 mm Pitch among bars ar 150 mm Area of rebars ast 335 103 mm jm Area of rebars aT 335 103 mm jm V The rebar is nearer to the concrete surface The rebar is nearer to the concrete surface Modulus of elasticity applied in structural analysis Secant modulus of elasticity Eem 22 fem 10 29962 0 Design value of elastic modulus Ecd Eemfc 19974 7 After the composite cross section is defined it can be used for member creation the same way as a Steel cross section Before running the analysis select the composite beam s and set the DESIGN PARAMETERS on the OBJECT PROPERTIES Name B133 Section properties Composite beam 2 Section Composite beam 2 m Release start point yy zz Release end point yy 2z Eccentricity y mm 0 Eccentricity z mm 0 Rotate deg 0 Number
167. vely high tapered column see image below it is advisable to connect it not directly to the reference line of the column but with the link element If it is connected the way like that the analysis and design results are more accurate and the modelling is more exact Connection elementi Connection element ste main model id 635 Connection element en main model id 629 Rotate 25 Position of connection 0 3 Release Continuous 104 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 5 9 2 CONNECT TWO STRUCTURAL EDGES THAT ARE EQUAL LENGTH AND PARALLEL L Equal length and parallel edges and members can be connected with this kind of link element This type of link element can be used for example when connecting a slab eccentrically to a beam 105 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 6 STRUCTURAL LOADS 6 1 BASICS The definition of loading on a structural model is one of the most important modelling phases Contrary to the modelling of structural members the load modelling is minutely controlled and supported by the structural codes and standards since the appropriate definition of loads ensures the major part in the reliability of structural performance In ConSteel several types of loading options help the engineer in this work In accordance with the modelling of structural member the engineer can work with the load types and options defined and handled in th
168. vided by the EuroCode and the Spanish EAE standard Factor values are dependent from the selected NA Category G traffic area 30 KN lt vehicle weight lt 160kN _ E Category H roofs Snow loads on buildings see EN 1991 1 3 sk lt 2 75 kN m2 4 0 70 0 40 0 20 m ConSteel can add the structure s dead load to one of the load cases if necessary In order to do so please select the appropriate load case at the bottom right corner of the dialogue 107 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 6 3 LOAD COMBINATION According to the actual structural design code load combinations must be set from load cases Load combinations can be created manually by giving the safety and combination factors manually for each load case or can be created automatically by using the AUTOMATIC LOAD COMBINATION GENERATION function of ConSteel It is possible to edit multiple safety factors at a time select safety factors and right click over it e E __ y j T The yellow rows in the load combination table are the automatically generated combinations The white ones are manually edited Huge number of load combinations needs long period of time to calculate in the analysis So it is good to keep the number of the load combinations to the minimum If the automatic load combination feature is used in ConStee it is advisable to delete those rows which cannot be relevant To do so s
169. vious Ei First order Second order 5 First and second order The second step is to choose which of the analysis results need to be included in the documentation Any of the analysis results can be chosen if had been calculated previously c W Dominant internal forces at member ends by member groups 4 a S loonie reactions by supports for loadcombinations Reaction in direction X W Reaction in direction Y _ W Reaction in direction Z W Reaction moment about direction X Reaction moment about direction Y 4 l Reaction moment about direction Z a x iDosinent reactions by supports for loadcases Reaction in direction X W Reaction in direction Y _ W Reaction in direction Z _ W Reaction moment about direction X _ Reaction moment about direction Y L E Reaction moment about direction Z Reactions of point supports 191 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL The third window of the wizard includes the name of the chapters which can be added to or can be removed from the documentation Documentation templates can be saved with the SAVE button Most used documentation structures can be saved as templates Based on the templates documentation can be created with one click If you click on the CREATE button the program will generate the documentation 11 2 1 1 DOCUMENTATION MODULE i A235 tal e E3 n Front page 2 Contents on L Model of structure
170. wing camera plane at the clicking point It means that 48 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL the selection depends on the size of the graphical symbol of the objects and note that the covered objects will be selected as well window selection holding down the left button and moving the mouse will create the window It is completed when the mouse button is released The actual size of the window is continually seen on the screen Drawing the window from left to right then only those members are selected that are within the window with their full size inclusion window selection Drawing the windows from right to left then every member is selected no matter with how small part is found in the rectangle section and inclusion window selection selection by property this option can be reached on the left side bar or by right mouse button click on the graphical window The selection can be made by choosing the desired object and further narrowing is possible by sorting the appropriate parameters out Select all Delete selection Invert selection Select by property Sizes of objects object tree selection selecting objects by clicking on the elements of the Object Tree Model Content Portions Manager 49 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL By clicking the object names in the object tree while holding down the CTRL or SHIFT key result
171. www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL 2 The second way is to give the exact distances of the start and end points of the line load from the member s end points Using the setting of Position of q1 q2 there are 2x3 6 possible option to define a partial line load The Position of q1 set to From end A has 3 options and setting it to From end B has also 3 options Position of qi along the line x4 Position of q2 along the line x2 Position of qi along the line x1 Position of q2 along the line x2 Position of qi along the line x Position of q2 along the line x2 This is a flexible way for numerical input the line load positions Eccentricity can be applied on the line load also The effect of the selected coordinate system the applied local eccentricity type and values are the same as point support see chapter 5 8 1 112 www consteelsoftware com GB CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Poston fg the ine o m Position of qzalong the ine x o j By clicking the il icon the attributes of the selected line load fill out the parameters of the line load window even if it was set by the draw function 6 4 2 1 LINE WIND LOAD Line wind load is a great tool to apply wind load to members easily It saves time because only the basic data must be added and ConSteel automatically calculates the appropriate wind load The three dots icons provide help determining the cor
172. y clicking on the APPLY button the rigid body is created 5 5 1 MODIFYING RIGID BODY RIGID BODY can be modified by selecting it and changing the lines members and surface edges selection on the property bar With the black arrow previously selected members can be removed from the selection or new members can be added Rigid body2 5 6 CONVERT MEMBERS TO PLATES The selected members can be automatically converted to plates with CONVERT MEMBERS TO PLATES function AN Parameters Se y The following members with section can be converted to plates e Hot rolled l H and tube section e Cold formed C Z and tube section e Welded I H and box section 89 www consteelsoftware com GB CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL By clicking on the APPLY button the selected members will be converted to plates During the conversion the given eccentricities are considered therefore the eccentric loads and supports will be in the same position after the conversion Attaching nodes of the connecting members haunches and tapered members are automatically converted In case of hot rolled sections not only the flanges and web are converted to plates but also the neck area with a suitable additional plate element Therefore the section properties of the original member and the converted are the same 5 7 MATERIALS New material grades can be defined as one of the three different types of material steel concrete and concrete rein
173. y clicking on the Search for updates now icon Automatic search for updates Language The language of the user interface can be set here from the following languages English German French Spanish Portuguese Russian Chinese Turkish Hungarian Polish Czech Slovak Slovenian Rumanian Bulgarian and Serbian ConSteel has to be restarted after changing The language of the user interface after next start 15 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Styles Colour of the objects can be changed Name According to the attribute Point Line Arc Two dimensional figure Steel Concrete Reinforcement Bolt Section Plate element Support Point support Line support Surface cumnmnrt Diagnostics Minimal sistance os structural elements 1 lt Error lt Warning lt 1000 Error 2 Warning 5 Before the analysis the program checks the possible modeling mistakes There are two different levels to worn the user for the possible modeling mistakes Error In case of the distance between the endpoints of two members is more than O but less than the adjusted value the program sends an error message and shows 16 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL with red sign the relevant members in the diagnostics window and not perform the analysis Warning In case of the distance between the endpoints of two members is more than the defined error level
174. y result views where it has interpretable value Deformation Normal force 150 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 8 0 USER MANUAL Bending moment When there are fixed markers on the model the User defined values table contains the appropriate view dependent values of the marked points In this table the markers can be switched to disabled by uncheck the proper row 5 37 60 130 0 000 4 900 0 000 56 820 0 000 0 000 56 71 400 0 000 52 980 0 000 186 740 0 000 75 880 78 680 221 200 The markers can be deleted by click on the proper row in the table by the right mouse button m click on the marked point on the graphics by the right mouse button and chose Remove marker Extreme values can automatically marked by the check boxes on the Extreme values table rows 151 www consteelsoftware com CONSTEEL 7 6 4 SHOW ORIGINAL SHAPE OF STRUCTURE 8 0 USER MANUAL SHOW ORIGINAL SHAPE OF STRUCTURE function i will show the original shape of structure and the deformed structure at the same time D f Secondonier gt Tehekombn o amp Deformation XYZ gt Daya p g F amp H m y g f N ff EP V By _ lt b E Be gt of digs Yo 7 6 5 TABLE OF DOMINANT VALUES The last icon on the ANALYSIS tab activates the table of

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