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Overtone Analyzer - User Manual and Reference Guide

1. gt Better Accuracy on Melody Show Advanced Settings Y Time Resolution for Pitch Detection 44 r updates second 23 ms 1024 samples FFT Window Function Type Blackman Alpha 7 50 a a a Figure 4 32 Analyzer Settings The Analyzer Settings determine the frequency and time resolution and other aspects of the spectrum spectrogram and pitch analysis In particular the Time Resolution has a large influence on the kind of information that the analyzer will extract from a recording Sampling Rate The Sampling Rate determines the number of measurements samples per second recorded from the input source You can measure frequencies of up to half the sampling rate For example if the sampling rate is 11025 samples per second then the analyzer can measure frequencies up to around 5500Hz Standard music CDs have a sampling rate of 44100Hz This should be a reasonable setting for most practical purposes as it gives a good balance between frequency resolution and sound quality however see the note below Note The sampling rate can only be changed on new files before you have made any recording The format of existing recordings cannot be changed If you want to change this setting and it is disabled click on File New first Overtone Analyzer uses two separate mathematical methods to analyze sound One method is the Fast Fourier Transform FFT which calcul
2. Y draw note frequencies on analyzer view background Figure 4 37 Scale Settings On this dialog you can select range type and orientation of the frequency scale Most of those settings can also be found on the toolbar Frequency Scale Scale Range This is the lowest and highest note or the lowest and highest frequency that are displayed the piano and Analyzer Views The scale range can also be changed by clicking and dragging the frequency scale in the main view or by using the mouse wheel in that view Frequency Display This determines if the frequency scale is linear or logarithmic 54 Reference Guide C6 Maze ES 10 B5 21ct 1000Hz Eo AS 39Ct 900Hz E 8 G5 35ct 800Hz B 7 FS 4ct 700Hz 6 D5 37ct 600Hz 5 B4 21ct 500Hz E 10 B5 21ct 1000Hz 33 9 A5 39ct 900Hz 4 G4 35ct 400Hz 9 AS 39ct 900Hz 8 G5 35ct 800Hz 7 FS 4ct 700Hz 5 IEEE 6 D5 37ct 600Hz E 5 B4 21ct 500Hz E 2 G3 35ct 200Hz 4 G4 35ct 400Hz BEES 3 D4 37ct 300Hz Fm 2 G3 35ct 200Hz 3 D4 37ct 300Hz 1 G2 35ct 100Hz Figure 4 38 Linear and Logarithmic Frequency Scale Figure 4 38 illustrates the difference between the linear left side and logarithmic right side frequency scale Both sides show the same frequency range from about 80Hz to 1 100Hz which corresponds to the note range from E2 to C6 When the scale is linear c
3. Channel Format The channel format allows you to select between stereo and mono recordings It is also possible to extract only the left or right channel of a stereo signal and save the resulting recording into a mono file This can be useful with certain sound cards that do not properly support mono recordings or if a stereo sound card has only one mono microphone connected to one of the channels Note A stereo recording requires twice as much storage space as a mono recording 46 Reference Guide Temp Folder This is the folder where Overtone Analyzer will store data as you are recording it Make sure that you have enough hard drive space left A mono recording with 44100 samples per second and a sample size of 16 bit requires about 350 MB half a CD per hour The Temp Folder can only be set in the Live and Premium editions Playback Wave Output Device This is the device for playing back the recorded sound Midi Output Device This is the device for playing the sounds from the piano keyboard and the overtones except for the Pure Sine Wave overtone sound which is played through the wave output device 47 Reference Guide 4 2 3 Analyzer Settings gt Analyzer Settings F4 Sampling Rate 44100 v samples per second Frequency Resolution 5 4 v Hz 8192 points per transform Time Resolution 12 gt updates per second 83 ms 3680 samples per update Better Accuracy on Pitch lt
4. Reference Guide 4 2 2 Device Options Device Options F3 Recording on Microphone USB Device Options Sampling Rate 44100 v Hz Sample Size Channels Mono X Temp Folder 114 5 GB remaining 387 hours and 10 minutes C Users bodo AppData Local Temp um Wave Output Device Speaker USB X MIDI Output Device Microsoft GS Wavetable Synth y Figure 4 31 Device Options The device options dialog lets you adjust the format of the recorded data You can also select the devices for playback and midi output Recording i Note These settings can only be changed on new files before you have made any recording The format of existing recordings cannot be changed If you want to change these settings and they are disabled click on File gt New first Sampling Rate The Sampling Rate determines the number of measurements samples per second recorded from the input source This is the same setting found on the Analyzer Settings dialog Sample Size The sample size influences the quality but also the storage requirements of the recorded sound The default setting of 16 bit per sample corresponds to the quality of standard audio CDs and should be sufficient for most purposes A higher bit depth of 24 or 32 bit can be useful when the dynamic range of the recorded signal is very high and when it contains very quiet passages that should later be amplified
5. 4 5 Profile Madalena ere iii TI AS Word d rece qu 4 5 2 Profile Cate Orient Ss 78 4 5 3 Predefined Profiles erbe ree eet Dec peer eee et ee eee el ea oa yee pee e epe 79 3 Sample Uses Ree DE 80 O eot desque N AEE REE EERE NES 81 List of Figures 3 1 Selecting the Quickstart profile eos rav A needy ER SE tege EI PETS tere Poe Dash 6 3 2 Program with Quickstart profile applied sssssssssssssee eem emen mentre 6 3 3 Toolbar buttons iui rr Ree Prem RR RE bends vaste pr Re adeeb REED 7 3 4 Right click on Input Volume to select mic sese IH emere 7 3 5 Singing a tone on the same pitch for one breath ocoooccnccnnccnnccnncnnncnnncnnconnconnconnccnnccnnccnncnnncnninonose 8 3 6 Using the mouse on the scales for scrolling and ZOOMING seseee IH 9 3 7 Zoomed in detail of pitch i ier bm ede Ete ee Pret rte reb ERR 9 3 8 Click Spectrum button to bring up secondary view sssssssse Hee 10 3 9 Long term and short term VIEW 5 ioo etse re tere rebar tee re D ERU R EVER ER e Ep Re POR ds EE 10 3 10 Select time range 1 0 to 3 0 seconds ossai E EEEE E EEEE EEE E oE 11 3 1 Analyzer View Settings io ure eter dec eros Ee TEEDE RES aed Ee Pre ERE PR EE PES Eee S reri nd 12 3 12 Displaying Spectrogram and Spectrum ssssssssssses eene mene hennee 13 3 13 Adding Frequency Filter e tr Ote c Ee ERE aes OE Re teases RR NTE 14 3 14 Subtractive Frequ
6. can enable it by clicking on View Toolbars Overtone Sliders The toolbar settings are explained on the Note Sliders dialog Number of sliders Use orb Use transparent on screen accidental sliders Set snap mode A RAE pM Play selected tones Labels show note and or frequency Show lines for music notes in background Fixate sliders on screen Figure 4 19 The Sliders Toolbar 34 Reference Guide Displaying Overtone Sliders You can set the number of shown sliders on the toolbar or on the Note Sliders dialog There you can also choose to how display the labels of each slider and whether to show the note name and the frequency value Manipulating Overtone Sliders The following table lists the various mouse commands that you can use to manipulate overtone sliders Refer to Figure 4 17 for the slider elements Mouse action Change frequency Click Drag Line Move line If snapping is enabled the line will snap to the nearest tempered tone or the nearest spectral peak Shift Click Drag Move line in 1 cent increments This allows more precision than the normal way of moving Control Shift Click Drag Move line in 1 4 cent increments This allows the highest amount of precision Double click in empty space Move fundamental of slider to that position This is useful when the slider is outside the visible range Change frequency or time position Click Drag Move Handl
7. It can be changed by scrolling and zooming the spectrum intensity scale or by dragging the brightness and contrast sliders on the toolbar 3 4 Waveform Timeline Amplitude Range This setting determines the dynamic range shown on the Waveform and Timeline You need to enable the Waveform in the View menu to see the amplitude scale 5 Timeline zoom The Timeline itself can also be zoomed by holding Ctrl while using the mouse wheel or the mouse wheel emulation keys on the Spectrogram or the Timeline You can also enable the Timeline Zoom Slider in the View menu and use that to change the Timeline zoom To reset the zoom level of the Timeline click on View Zoom out fully 21 Reference Guide 4 1 3 Selection In Overtone Analyzer the concept of a selection extends to a time range of the recording and to elements that can be selected individually such as piano keys and note sliders Ctri Click to select tones on piano and on overtone sliders 500 400 300 nbu 200 3 0 4 4 5 Time s R Time s y time range 3 5 seconds to 4 5 seconds Figure 4 3 Selecting time range and notes Selecting time range of a recording Parts of the recording can be selected on the Timeline the Waveform View and on the Spectrogram Simply click anywhere on these views hold the left mouse button and move the mouse to the end of the area that you want to select The selected area will be marked with a different back
8. Loading a slider layout Click on Sliders Load note slider layout to open an existing oa file This will replace your current slider layout Export note sliders as MIDI Click on Sliders gt Export note sliders as MIDI to save the current note slider layout into a MIDI file which can be played by many audio programs and which can be imported as a note track into your music notation software At the bottom of the export dialog you can choose if you want to export just the fundamental notes or the fundamentals and the overtones The latter option is only relevant if you have transcribed or composed a piece with overtones where the Overtone Sliders have a fundamental and at least one overtone In that case the fundamentals and overtones will be exported as two separate voices Specifying the default layout for new files By default when you create a new file you will have a single overtone slider with a fundamental frequency of 220Hz which is the note A3 If you simply want to change the number of displayed sliders or turn sliders off for new documents go to Options Customize Advanced Settings and change the Initial number of Overtone Sliders 73 Reference Guide You can also save a slider layout as DefaultSliderLayout oa into the folder where Overtone Analyzer is installed After you restart the application new documents will use this layout Note You still have to set the number of sliders to appear in the advanced optio
9. Reduced toolbar that fits in one row of buttons 3 Default Toolbar Default toolbar with most common buttons Uses two rows 4 Full Toolbar All toolbars and buttons shown Manage profiles Figure 3 1 Selecting the Quickstart profile Selecting a profile is a shortcut for applying all the settings stored in the profile There is no difference between applying a profile and going through the program options and manually selecting the corresponding settings Now the program should look like this 03 2013 02 07 27 Overtone Analyzer Loja File Edit View Filters Markers Sliders Tools Window Help neun D 3t n o 12 JM gt Frequency Hz Wie AULT O 0 9 Time s 0 02 2013 02 07 27 0 02s D 12ct 72 Figure 3 2 Program with Quickstart profile applied Here you can see the empty Timeline on the bottom the Staff View and Piano on the left and the empty Analyzer View in the main section Here is a closer look at the Toolbar Quickstart Tutorial Transport Buttons Spectog pectrogram Mode show Spectrum ob e j mmus JE 0 KO e COR E Input Volume Onions Lock Selection Figure 3 3 Toolbar buttons 3 2 2 Select Recording Source Now we will check that you are recording from the correct microphone Right click on the Input Volume control on the Toolbar and make sure the correct microphone is selected Here is an example althou
10. The Waveform display modes are only available in Overtone Analyzer Premium The Waveform and Timeline can display the intensity of the recording in various ways If you right click on the Waveform or the Timeline you can select one of these display modes IL B IL Table 4 3 The same recording in various waveform display modes Table 4 3 illustrates the four display modes The layout determines if the view is symmetrical or not In the skyline mode only the upper half of the scale range is shown The scale mode determines if the intensity is shown on a linear or a log scale Depending on what you want to do one mode may be more useful than the other Notice how in the bottom row of Table 4 3 the beginning of the recording is not shown That is because the log scale has no lower end it would be at minus infinity and therefore small values are hidden in this mode On the other hand the display of intensity in log mode is more similar to the way we hear volumes than in the linear mode Linear Amplitude Log Intensity Shows entire range from 0 to 1 Shows intensity from loudest range at 0 dB towards some cutoff point depending on scale zoom Very quiet passages are still visible Quiet passages may be hidden Does not accurately represent human perception and Is a better model of human perception and allows for makes it hard to compare the volume of different better volume comparisons sections Good for editing and for
11. for the first time 67 Reference Guide Keep help window on top Determines if the help window should be kept in the foreground of the application window If you prefer to use the application and the help window side by side keep this checked If you would rather make the help window fill the entire screen and switch been the application and the help window uncheck this option Show Timeline on top Shows the Timeline above the Spectrogramm instead of below it Smooth Spectrogram Colors If the frequency resolution is low this will interpolate the colors between two consecutive points on the spectrogram if they are further than 1 pixel apart on the frequency axis Figure 4 45 Spectrogram with color smoothing enabled Figure 4 46 Spectrogram with color smoothing turned off Note This setting is different from the Interpolate colors checkbox found on the Colormap Editor The setting on the Colormap Editor determines which color represents each intensity value The Smooth Spectrogram Colors setting applies to the rendering of the spectrogram where pixels need to be colored for which there is no data With Smooth Spectrogram Colors enabled the pixels between two data points will be interpolated with colors from the start and end point With this setting turned off half the pixels will be drawn with the color of the first data point and the other half with the color of the second Recording Insert silence after each ta
12. or Shift keys to scroll 2 scroll or zoom 3 scroll or zoom Frequency Range Dynamic Range 30 Intensity dB 1b scroll or zoom Time Range 1 2 3 4 5 14 nk ore pee GARE 3E Time s 1c move slider with mouse 1d use mouse wheel to scroll Time Range to scroll Time Range v Figure 4 2 Scrollable and zoomable areas 1 Time Range Because the Spectrogram is the most frequently changed range there are many different ways to manipulate it Try out the various ways of scrolling and zooming the time range with the mouse shown in Figure 4 2 Moving the Time Range Slider 1c or clicking on the Timeline 1d is for navigating quickly to any part of the recording while scrolling the time scale 1b is much more precise for small adjustments The time range can also be manipulated by the forward and backward buttons and the zoom buttons on the toolbar or by the Zoom entries in the View menu You can also use Markers to bookmark specific parts of a recording and return to them quickly 2 Frequency Range You can change the frequency range by scrolling and zooming the frequency scale 2 You can also set precise values on the Scale options dialog or on the Scale Range toolbar this toolbar is not shown by default and needs to be enabled 3 Dynamic Range The displayed dynamic range determines the range of intensities shown on spectrogram and spectrum It can also be set on the Colormap editor
13. 0 Reference Guide Command Option Pages N Audio Settings Device Options R Analyzer Settings Analyzer View a Colormap Editor Scale Sliders File Export Save As Wav Save As Flac SS oT EE GM LT ASS LC A NE CL I QM E A A E A Save As Ogg Save As Mp3 Send Email As Ogg Send Email As Mp3 Save Copy As Ogg Save Copy As Mp3 Profiles 1 Minimal Toolbar 2 One line Toolbar 3 Default Toolbar 4 Full Toolbar Quickstart Standard Frequency Range Standard Time Zoom Table 4 7 Keyboard Shortcuts 65 Reference Guide 4 2 10 Fonts and Colors Options Es Fonts and Colors E Colors Profile E General Standard hd Selected EJ ADB6Di UR r Playing B ocos PlaybackPositionLine EJ 40FF40 Delete TimeCursorLine B 707070 Read only E Analyzer View Background Bl 060606 EmptyBackground Bl 000000 SelectedBackground B 252525 SpectrumLine 3 7979FF SpectrumLineThickness 1 50 SpectrumFill S scscec UnfilteredSpectrumLine C F2F2FF UnfilteredSpectrumLineThickness 1 00 PitchLine E 4786F0 PitchLineThickness 3 00 TemperedLine B 222222 Fonts and Colors TemperedLineThickness 1 00 E Waveform Display L Oszillonraml ine EU 7979FF Y l Figure 4 44 Fonts and Colors dialog On this page you can customize the fonts colors and line thicknesses
14. 68 4 47 Export Image D3alog coe eh dong gu iext itt eset eec deett eot Pes ode deste os EE Lek e ders eode e s tdeo di 72 4 48 Normalize Dialog mii UTR PRIUS ENIM een eden 76 4 49 AA 77 vi List of Tables 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 Commands for scrolling and ZOOMING occooccnnconoconncnnncnnncnnnnnnronnronccnnronnconnco enm hen then enm he nennen 20 Overtone Slider Mouse Commands sss ee e ee emen hen ens men trennen eee 35 The same recording in various waveform display modes sss 40 Waveform scale mode comparison 0 eee ee cece ence ence ence eee HI He meme mese mee hen ren rent enne 40 Sampling Rate and Frequency Resolution sse HH eme eere rene 49 Colormap Editor Mouse Commands o oooooccnnconnconnconnconornnnnnnrnnnronncnn seca eene ment ent ent entre nennen 52 Keyboard Shortcuts vil Chapter 1 Introduction Overtone Analyzer is a tool that helps you you understand the phenomenon of harmonic overtones of sounds intuitively and in a musical context The program was originally developed for musicians composers and singers who work with overtones in performance education and musical theory However it should excite anyone who wants to analyze sound in a musical context 1 1 Why a new software There are several good software applications for analyzing sound on the market but we could not find any that help visualize the musical interpretatio
15. Add Marker Add Range Marker Add Thumb up Marker Add Thumb down Marker Delete Marker Ctrl Num Del Go To Previous Marker Go To Next Marker Zoom To Previous Marker Shift Q Zoom To Next Marker Shift W Merge Markers Search Markers Edit Current Marker Ctrl F Zoom to Current Marker Activate Marker 1 Activate Marker 2 Activate Marker 3 Activate Marker 4 Activate Marker 5 Activate Marker 6 Activate Marker 7 Activate Marker 8 Activate Marker 9 Activate Marker 10 EA IA EE A ESA o A EU Tools Rewind to start 63 Reference Guide Command Rewind page Rewind Play and Stop Stop Record Record Forward Forward page Forward to end Replay last take Loop playback Play Selected Tones Stop Playing Tones Deselect all Tones ProfileManager Options Volume Increase input volume Decrease input volume Increase output volume Decrease output volume Window NewWindowOnCurrentSelection Tile horizontally Tile vertically Maximize current window Close all Close all but active Note Sliders Insert Note Slider Use Note Transcription Tool Fix Sliders on Screen Display Toggle Spectrum Toggle Spectrogram Toggle Pitch Disable Analyzer Display Show Spectrogram Show Spectrum Show Spectrogram and Spectrum 64 Shortcut Page Up Ctrl Left Ctrl Space Ctrl Right Ctrl Backspace Ctrl Shift N Ctrl Shift H Ctrl Shift V Ctrl Shift M Ctrl Shift W Ctrl
16. ER cisne 8 3 5 Zooming frequency range suerte AEE cob tee eees as EEEE vege ces eye eee ipie iR deed 8 3 6 Short term VIEW 5o cet po in Ete knee Ev ER Ia Rue n eese Pateat p PO te Eve ER A see 9 EMEN JEVAET T ime 10 3 8 SDectrOgTAm OARRA E e e ree E repete pre exer epe Ried 11 3 9 Frequency Filter nes Ee Pipe er pt pen EE IRIS 13 3 10 Overtone A PR De rte ite rere E Dr EE Er RETE 15 ESI M ey 16 4 Reference Guide ene RO rrr Re I REPRE E E PD REP ed REFER EET Ei 18 4 1 User Interface viii Due pU E elt 18 A V 1s OVERVIEW PEE 18 4 1 2 Scrolling and ZOOMING eerte Iur egeret tee ceti rer ete gre iter ses 20 41 3 Selection ei eoe Rr te ee RE RE irse Re eR 22 AA Analyzer VIEW C rd 24 4 1252 Frequency Filters uti tarda 27 41 6 Markers oe A A A A is 30 4 1 7 Overtone Sliders erred prr Ree af sores iR Re ERR E REIR UR 33 4 1 8 Rulers and the Vowel Chart sese HH eere rene 38 4 1 9 Timeline and Waveltorm iuit ger rr Pee UR pos POCO E SR nie 39 AMLO Too lb e 41 4 2 OptIOnS eee etd teet HER Hr rir lr 43 42 1 Audio Settings cua ere es REIP eroe tipp seres 43 42 2 Device Options oe ote rp o terrx ee Paste ld dpi ias 46 4 2 3 Analyzer Settings us eR SEE ere tee rere Ere eve e MAUS Ce P Gates 48 4 2 4 Analyzer View Settings iiic socero OR ERR ERREP TR EE ESSE EUREN ER CERE SERRE RAM ERR 51 4 2 5 Colormap Editor eie
17. Filters gt Add new frequency filter If the new filter is not visible scroll the Frequency Scale down or zoom it out until you see the filter You can move and resize the filter with the mouse Here is an overview of the various controls 27 Reference Guide Toggle additive or Change filter Move multiple filters subtractive mode strength in parallel Deactivate filter without deleting it Delete filter Grab frame to move filter Resize frequency range Hold Ctrl to resize symmetrically Figure 4 10 Filter Controls Move filter Simply grab the frame of the filter with the left mouse button to move it to a different frequency range Move multiple filters in parallel If multiple filters exist a new handle will appear next to the handle for resizing the frequency range This new handle allows to move all existing filters in parallel as a group Resize filter The width of the filter can be changed by moving the red resize handles in the middle of the filter If you hold Ctrl while using the resize handles the filter is resized symmetrically around its center Toggle additive or subtractive mode The and buttons change the behavior of the filter An additive filter Mode keeps the filtered frequencies and removes everything else A subtractive filter Mode removes the filtered frequencies and keeps everything else 300 400 500 600 700 800 Figure 4 11 Additive filter Mode 28 Refe
18. Profile Manager 5 Manage Profiles Existing Profiles Standard Frequency Range T Create New Rename Copy Delete E Read only Current Profile Standard Frequency Range Category Frequency Scale Description reset the frequency scale to the default range Shortcut Shift F3 Clear Key Settings stored in this profile Time Zoom Inner Window Layout Analyzer Settings Analyzer View Spectrum Colormap Y Frequency Scale C2 C8 65 4186 Hz log Rulers and Filters niii Slider Layout Keyboard Shortcuts P Fonts and Colors Toolbars Figure 4 49 Profile Manager PREMIUM Note The Profile Manager is only available in Overtone Analyzer Premium The Profile Manager is a tool for advanced users that allows to save a group of settings for later use This allows for example to load different predefined toolbar layouts for beginners intermediate or advanced users It also allows to share settings between users by exporting layouts from one computer and import them on another Another use is to assign hotkeys to frequently used settings for example to quickly return to a specific frequency range Each Profile can contain settings from one or more categories such as frequency scale settings toolbar arrangement fonts and colors etc When the Save settings to current profile button is pushed the current value of the selected settings i
19. To change the time range of a marker simply move it with the mouse on the Timeline You can also click and drag the edges of a Range Marker to change its start or end time Setting Marker Visibility You can toggle the visibility of individual marker types with the Show markers and Hide markers commands in the Markers menu Searching Markers and Files The search box at the top right corner of the File Marker List window allows you to search for file names and for marker texts that contain specific words At the bottom of the window are three buttons that allow you to switch the scope of the search between searching all files or just those that are currently loaded Recent file history When no search term is entered the File Marker List shows a list of the most recently opened files in reverse order so that the last file you opened comes first Simply double click on an entry in the list to open that file 32 Reference Guide 4 1 7 Overtone Sliders An Overtone Slider is a visual tool that is laid over the spectrogram A slider consists of lines that each represent a specific frequency The distance between the lines corresponds to the harmonic series of a given fundamental Overtone Sliders can be used to learn the harmonic series for each tone and to analyze the harmonic content of a recording They can also be used to transcribe the notes in a recording Another use is to illustrate the role of overtones for compositio
20. a long term view for the spectrogram and short term view for the spectrum If both views are active the cursor position in the long term view determines the content of the short term view The spectrum shows a graph of intensity per frequency The spectrogram shows how the spectrum changes over time Pitch shows the fundamental frequency Showing neither spectrogram nor pitch can useful if you want to work with the Overtone Sliders alone Scroll Mode The Scroll Mode determines what happens when the time cursor reaches the end of the visible range during recording and playback Scrolling Keeps the time cursor at fixed position and scrolls the window to the left Paging Switches to a new empty page and then moves the time cursor across the page Spectrum Type Here you can select various options for the appearance of the spectrum Pitch Display These options allow you to customize the appearance of the pitch display The current note always corresponds to the fundamental pitch at the current cursor position Display current note name If the short term view is active the name of the current note is displayed on top of the spectrum 51 Reference Guide Display frequency If the short term view is active the frequency of the current pitch will be shown in Hz on top of the spectrum Show current note on piano and staff view If this is checked the current note is highlighted on the piano and shown as musical note on the staff
21. an organ with one microphone and the sound from the outside with another Green line that indicates the time in the recording that is currently being played orthat will be played next Also when the Spectrogram and the Spectrum are both visible the Time Cursor determines the time position of the Spectrum The Time Range Slider is a graphical interface element on the Timeline View that shows the current time range of the Spectrogram and the Waveform The time resolution of the analyzer determines the length of a piece of a recording that the analyzer uses to calculate its Spectrum or pitch A lower time resolution means that the analyzer can look at a longer piece of a recording This will give more accuracy in the frequency domain at the expense of resolution in the time domain The Timeline View shows an overview of the entire recording It is similar to the Waveform View The difference to the Waveform View is that the Timeline is zoomed out further than the Spectrogram and may show the whole recording while the Waveform always shows the same time range as the Spectrogram An undertone is a tone that relates to a specific fundamental tone Each undertone has a frequency that is a whole ratio of the fundamental tone So undertones follow the sequence 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 etc For example if the fundamental has 100Hz the undertones have the frequencies 50Hz 33 33Hz 25Hz 20Hz etc Each undertone is a tone that has the reference tone
22. and not to the pitch value The Spectrogram is a series of spectra Whereas the Spectrum shows a single frequency intensity diagram the Spectrogram shows many such diagrams side by side Therefore the Spectrogram is a two dimensional diagram where one axis shows time and the other shows the frequency The intensity of each frequency at a specific point in time is now represented by the color of this point The Spectrum shows the strength of the individual frequency components in a piece of sound at a specific point in time The Spectrum is a two dimensional diagram where one axis shows the frequency and the other shows the intensity of each frequency The Staff View shows a musical staff with treble and bass clefs The location of the staff lines corresponds loosely to the location of the associated pitch 84 Glossary Stereo Time Cursor Time Range Slider Time Resolution Timeline Undertone Vowel Chart Waveform on the frequency scale When notes are played on the piano or the overtone sliders they are shown as musical notes on the staff view A stereo recording has two channels To make a stereo recording you need a recording device with two separate microphones Stereo recordings are normally used to add depth to a recording by reproducing sound as a human listener would hear it with two ears However the two channels can also be used for different purposes for example to record the sound from within
23. as one of its overtones The vowel chart shows the first and second resonance frequencies of the oral cavity sometimes called Formants that are used in many languages to form a specific vowel The chart is a two dimensional diagram where one axis represents the first and the other the second formant The vowels are shown as symbols from the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA The Waveform View shows the samples of a digital recording When the displayed time range is very small in other words when the view is zoomed in very far the individual samples are shown as on an oscilloscope When the view is zoomed out each pixel shows an aggregate with the maximum and minimum values of the samples contained in the time range corresponding to this pixel The values in the vertical middle of the Waveform show the Root Mean Square RMS of the signal 85
24. clicking on input volume meter on toolbar Piano and Overtone Instrument The two settings for Piano Instrument and Overtone Instrument control the instruments used for playing tones when you press keys on the piano or labels on the Overtone Sliders You have a choice between a large list of standard MIDI instruments and between a sine wave generator that plays pure sine waves Playback Piano Instrument Acoustic Grand Piano 5 Pure Sine Wave Overtone Instrument Piano Acoustic Grand Piano MIDI Volume Brigh t Acoustic Piano Electric Grand Piano Master Volume Honky Tonk Piano Electric Piano 1 L3 Electric Piano 2 V Loop playback Harpsichord Clavi Chromatic Percussion Celesta Glockenspiel Music Box Figure 4 30 Piano and Overtone Instruments Sine Wave Generator The first entry in the list with the label Pure Sine Wave uses a tone generator that plays pure sine waves with high accuracy MIDI Instruments All other entries use the standard MIDI instruments and their sound depends on the quality of your sound card or of your connected keyboard Their volume is controlled by the MIDI Volume slider The frequency of the MIDI Instruments may be less accurate than that of the sine wave generator Loop playback If this option is checked playback of the current file or selection will be repeated in a loop Otherwise playback will stop when it reaches the end of the current selection or file 44 Reference Guide 45
25. doing Singers can use the program as a visual feedback aid to practice pitch and to support the development of vibrato and formants as well as other aspects of their vocal technique Voice therapists can use the program to monitor the progress of their client and as another sensory feedback channel for certain exercises Instrument builders and tuners can easily measure and analyze their instruments with extreme precision and detail Instrument vendors can document the sound characteristics of their wares This is especially useful for handmade instruments where each item is highly unique Overtone musicians can use Overtone Analyzer to study and improve their vocal or instrumental technique and to create or rehearse complex compositions assisted by the visualization of their own overtones and by listening to changing fundamentals and harmonics Musical theorists find in Overtone Analyzer a new visual aid to illustrate the development of tuning systems and the interplay of natural overtones in classical harmony theory Choir conductors can recognize the role of overtones in chords and can use this knowledge to improve the brilliance of their choir and to achieve pure intonation Recordings can be analyzed in order to systematically optimize the sound of specific passages The timbre of individual passages can be adjusted to their current chord which enables even amateur choirs to achieve a professional sound Composers that want to under
26. general navigation through a Good for analyzing the dynamic range of a recording recording and for inspecting variations in loudness Table 4 4 Waveform scale mode comparison 40 Reference Guide 4 1 10 Toolbar The Toolbar provides quick access to many frequently used functions of the program It is divided into several smaller toolbars which can be individually turned on or off by clicking on View Toolbars If you point the mouse cursor on a toolbar button a description of this button will pop up and a more detailed description will appear at the bottom of the main window on the Status Bar Customizing the toolbar You can change the arrangement of the toolbar buttons by clicking on View Toolbars Customize This will bring up the Customize Toolbar Dialog Customize BSc Commands Toolbars Menu Options Categories Commands File y l ES z Edit DisplayDraw TemperedLines E View Di ew La Filters dh splayHoriz Scale Markers LIN DisplayLinearScale Sliders Tools 106 DisplayLogScale Window Help HZ DisplayShowFrequency Displa i 2 DisplayShowNotename Display ShowOnly Spectrogram Description Figure 4 24 The Customize Toolbar Dialog Once you are in the customize mode you can drag individual buttons off a toolbar or drag them to different toolbars You can also click on the Commands section of the dialog and drag individual commands from the dialo
27. indicated with an arrow File New means select New from the File menu Introduction User Interface Buttons are indicated like this Press OK to continue Keyboard commands look like this press F1 to open help The Glossary at the end contains definitions for many subject specific terms used in this document f r Chapter 2 System Requirements This section explains the minimum system requirements that you need to install and use Overtone Analyzer 2 1 Operating System Overtone Analyzer requires a computer running Microsoft Windows XP with Service Pack 3 or later We recommend Windows 7 or 8 Mac OS X Overtone Analyzer is not yet available for Mac OS X but we are working on it 2 2 Computer We recommend a recent computer with at least 4GB RAM and an Intel Core CPU If you buy a new computer for audio work select a model that operates as quietly as possible A Solid State Drive SSD is highly recommended as it eliminates hard drive noise 2 3 Mouse Although not essential an external mouse with a scroll wheel is very helpful for using the program If you use a laptop and don t have a mouse be aware that the 1 and 2 keys are used to emulate a mouse wheel for zooming in and out of the frequency and time range 2 4 Microphone We advise against using the internal microphone or sound card of your computer as these are often very noisy and don t allow the connection of professional microphones Instead get the be
28. microphone and adjust the recording level until it is getting a strong signal without clipping If there is no signal from the microphone make sure it is connected correctly and that you have selected the right one Also some devices can only record in mono while others can only record in stereo You may have to click on the Options button and open the Device Options dialog and experiment with different settings 3 3 Recording Now you are ready to record some sound Click the Record button on the toolbar or press Ctrl Space to start a recording During the recording keep an eye on the Input Volume control and make adjustments if the input level is too quiet or too loud Quickstart Tutorial Make some sounds For example sing the vowel Ah for one breath on the same pitch You could also click on a key of the piano keyboard listen to it and then try to sing the same pitch Fill up half a screen and then press Space or click the Stop button to stop recording This should look something like this CAI j Figure 3 5 Singing a tone on the same pitch for one breath The Timeline at the bottom shows the intensity or volume of your sound The horizontal blue line in the middle is the pitch of your voice The vertical green line is the Time Cursor The Piano highlights the key that best matches the pitch of the recording at the time where the Time Cursor is and the Staff View shows the same key as a musical
29. note 3 4 Loading sample file To make this tutorial easier to follow you can load the same audio file that was used to make the screenshots shown here so that you will see exactly the same screens Click on Help gt Open sample file and select the file vibrato female ogg After you have opened the file click on the profile list and select the profile Standard Time Zoom to ensure your view matches the following screenshots 3 5 Zooming frequency range Notice how the blue line is not straight but is slightly moving up and down This is due to the vibrato of the singing voice Let s examine this a bit more closely Move the mouse over the Frequency Scale as shown in Figure 3 6 and rotate the scroll wheel of your mouse or experiment with pressing the 1 and 2 buttons on your keyboard This will zoom the frequency range in or out Once you have zoomed in a bit click on the Frequency Scale and drag it up or down with your mouse This will scroll it Zoom and scroll the frequency range until you see much more detail of the pitch line Quickstart Tutorial Scroll or Zoom pa Frequency NEN LL LL e al S oso MNE n _ mam e E LEE Scroll or Zoom 9 Figure 3 6 Using the mouse on the scales for scrolling and zooming Now use your mouse on the Time Scale also shown in and zoom into time a bit So now you have zoomed the frequency range and the time rang
30. or frequency they correspond to Make sure that you still have a selection Then click on Sliders Insert note slider at selection A slider will appear at the fundamental pitch of the selected range Use the mouse to point at the slider and drag up the red upwards pointing triangle to expand the number of overtones shown 15 Quickstart Tutorial 3 11 E 6 G 6 19ct 1643Hz E 5 F6 35ct 1369Hz 4 C 6 21ct 1095Hz B 3 G 5 19ct 822Hz 2 C 5 21ct 548Hz 1 C 4 21ct 274Hz Time s Figure 3 15 Adjusting the number of harmonics shown by the Overtone Slider You can scroll down the Frequency Scale and zoom it slightly until you see enough detail of the Overtone Slider The slider gives you a theoretical view of the overtones that belong to a particular sound The labels of the slider lines show the number of the harmonic its music note and its frequency The underlying Spectrogram shows the harmonics that are actually present in the recording Click on the labels of the Overtone Slider and move the mouse up and down while holding the mouse button to hear the overtone scale belonging to the current fundamental pitch Compare this to the actual overtones in the sound that you could hear with the Frequency Filter Summary This concludes this quickstart guide You have learned the basics of how to record and visualize sounds with Overtone Analyzer and had an introduction to the basic features and interface element
31. second will cause the analyzer to show the melody more clearly but with less accuracy in the pitch Time Resolution for Pitch Detection This is similar to the Time Resolution for the FFT but is used by the algorithm for pitch detection which is separate The Time Resolution value determines the length of a recording segment that the pitch algorithm considers to find its fundamental pitch Changing this value is for advanced users only as the default value works best in most situations Sampling Rate and Frequency Resolution Higher sampling rates are not automatically better because a higher sampling rate means lower frequency resolution for the same FFT size To understand what that means open the Analyzer Settings dialog and experiment with changing the sampling rate from 11025Hz to 96000Hz Notice how the frequency resolution decreases as the sampling rate increases If the sampling rate is doubled the FFT Size also needs to be doubled to get the same frequency resolution Therefore set the sampling rate as high as necessary for the highest frequency that you want to measure but not higher If you want to measure very low frequencies 100Hz or lower lowering the sampling rate will increase the accuracy of the measurement without requiring a larger FFT Size The table below shows the spectrum of a tuning fork that is tuned to 105Hz at various FFT Sizes to compare the analyzer accuracy at sampling rates of 11025Hz and of 44100Hz Samp
32. slider adjusts the top level or saturation value of the displayed dynamic range In the displayed spectrogram or spectrum all values with an intensity above the value of this slider will be displayed as maximum intensity Displayed Dynamic Range Contrast This determines the width or spread of the displayed dynamic range A large value will show more detail at the expense of clarity and a small value will make the stronger intensity values stand out more Use current peak If this option is enabled the colormap top will be set to the loudest sample of the currently loaded audio file Disable this option to set the top value manually Linked UI Colors This tab will bring up a window similar to the Fonts and Colors editor However all changes made here are local to the current colormap For example the background color of the spektrum is normally determined by the global color scheme With the Linked UI Colors feature you can change the background locally for example to white Similarly you can adjust other UI element colors to match your preferred colormap 53 Reference Guide 4 2 6 Scale Settings Scale F7 Scale Range from to G6 linear horizontal 64Hz 1515Hz w 9 logarithmic Frequency Display Orientation 9 vertical Musical Notes Accidental b E b Concert Pitch A 440 00 Hz Notation System Scientific C0 C7 Concert A A4
33. the cursor location and it displays the note name of this pitch in large letters Trace the pitch line on the left with the mouse cursor and notice how the pitch display on the right changes If the mouse cursor leaves the Long term view the short term view will display details for the time location of the green Time Cursor line 3 7 Play selection In this recording the singer is singing the note C Press the black C key on the piano highlighted in red in Figure 3 10 to hear the note from the piano Now press the Play button on the toolbar or press Space on your keyboard to play back the recording Listen to it and hear for yourself if the singer is singing in tune with the piano key Now let s select a part of the recording Stop playback by pressing Space or by clicking on the Stop button on the toolbar Now click on View Zoom out fully to show the entire recording Now click into the Analyzer View at the time position of 1 0 seconds and drag the mouse towards the time position of 3 0 seconds Clicking and dragging in the Analyzer View will make a new selection which is marked by a white frame and a different background color You can click and drag the borders of the selection to change its start and end position Do this until you have selected the time range 1 0 to 3 0 seconds This should look like this 10 Quickstart Tutorial vibrato female ogg Overtone Analyzer 0 EE Be Eat yew Fites Markers Siders Tools W
34. view 4 2 5 Colormap Editor Colormap Editor F6 Selected Colormap Rainbow2 _ Settings Linked Ul Colors Displayed Dynamic Range Brightness 22dB use curent peak Contrast 63dB Ely Control Points Space evenly V interpolate colors Reverse order ox ances ppt Hep Figure 4 34 Colormap Editor On this dialog you can choose among various colormaps to represent the intensities on the spectrum and spectrogram You can also modify existing colormaps or create your own Control Point Editor The colored field on the left shows which colors represent a given intensity level Colors are interpolated between the existing control points You can move and change the control points with the mouse or create new control points by double clicking into empty space Move control point Move control point with more precision Bring up context menu to set color or delete point Create new control point Table 4 6 Colormap Editor Mouse Commands Note The lowest control point will always be set to the background color of the Analyzer View Space evenly This button will arrange all control points such that they all have the same distance to each other This can be used after you have changed the number of control points and want them to be evenly spread 52 Reference Guide Interpolate colors If this is checked th
35. Frequency Filter 3 9 Frequency Filter If you still have the selection from the previous steps great Otherwise once again select the time range from 1 to 3 seconds and lock the selection by clicking on Edit Lock selection or by pressing the Lock selection toolbar button Position the Time Cursor line in the middle by clicking into the long term view at 2 0 seconds Now click on Filters Add new frequency filter Your screen should now look like this 13 Quickstart Tutorial vibrato female ogg Overtone Analyzer n oe x File Edit View Filters Markers Sliders Tools Window Help Pue D 2 o 1 Frequ e Y 40 Intensity dB vibrato_female v Click set cursor Click drag select time range Mouse wheel zoom Ctrl mouse wheel zoom timeline Double click set note slider 2 00s C44 18ct 26 Figure 3 13 Adding a Frequency Filter The grey frame between 200 and 400 Hertz is the Frequency Filter It will remove all frequencies outside of its range Enable looping Start playback again and hear the effect of the filter Then while playback is running move the filter up and down by dragging it with the mouse The Spectrum on the right will show a white outline of the filtered parts while the unfiltered and therefore audible part is shown in color You can change the width of the filter by dragging the red handles that appear when the mouse cursor hovers over the filte
36. Guide Pitch only display N L gt 5 E 2 mj d ma G3 23ct LIU s 0 70 60 50 Intensity dB 300 400 200 Figure 4 8 Pitch only display It is possible to turn off spectrogram and spectrum and show only the fundamental pitch as in Figure 4 8 26 Reference Guide 4 1 5 Frequency Filters Frequency Filters are a powerful tool that allows you to listen to the different frequency ranges of a sound separately This enables you for example to inspect individual overtones of a recording or to reduce or amplify the singer s formant and hear the effect of this change Filtered spectrum at Time Cursor pos 3 7 s Parts of the spectrum that are removed by the filter Frequency Filter for 300 Hz to 500 Hz Selected time range 3 1 seconds to 4 4 seconds Time Cursor at 3 7 seconds Figure 4 9 Using a Frequency Filter Figure 4 9 shows a frequency filter that removes any frequencies outside of the range from 300 to 500 Hz The left side of the image shows the spectrogram with a time selection Only the selected time range is filtered The right side of the image shows the spectrum The only part of the spectrum that is left by the filter is the second harmonic at 400 Hz All other parts are removed and will not be audible when the recording is played back However you can still see the outline of the removed parts Using Frequency Filters Create a new filter by clicking on
37. Overtone Analyzer User Manual and Reference Guide Overtone Analyzer User Manual and Reference Guide Table of Contents T Introduction wesc rire e reet ebore tte Piece imt cip acie tere Pie da bU Se b EO xU cates sea POLUM 1 IVA A A core See be do E yet poe te ee e aee wed ORE eR VEN ee PPM Lee 1 1 2 What can you do with Overtone Analyzer sssssesssessessese eee em e Hee eere 1 1 3 Who is Overtone Analyzer for oooooccnnccnnconoconoconccnncnnnnnnoronncnnccnnconnccnnconncrnncnnncnnnrnnnenarenass 2 1 4 How to use this manual 2 nett t re etre bat a RR ER DERE OR Rev PO Db Repo IE 2 1 4 1 Terminology used in this document oocooccccnncnncnncnoconcnoroncnoroncnnroncnnroncnnroncnnroncnnroncnnnos 2 2 System Requireinents 1i eret PR tee REPERI E reete E e REPRE 4 2 1 Operating System oett EU I Eig He esie gites ey 4 2 2 Computer 5 5 n rettet Poterie pre rra Pig DEDE 4 2 3 MOUSE EE 4 2A Microphone eee o a PR REV EE RESCUE ERE adan 4 3 Quickstart Tutorial sti e er EI eU EM Ei pr M ueteri by 5 3 1 Prerequisite S siera terr PRO p c ERR Ee ECHO sah POE chou e oye Baas T Pe ER RE eases 5 3 22 EE 3 32 1 Apply Settings Profile ore trae Red p Ere Re Poe copectases sess 3 3 2 2 Select Recording Source uiae eb eee er eoe reve tese eee 7 3 2 3 Set Input Level eerte ss Pe tet rper ete Pie Deer resorte ioter 7 3 3 ROCOSAS np I ete Less 7 3 4 Loading sample file rer re o eerte Re ERR
38. ady been uncompressed and is still in the cache Overtone Analyzer will skip the uncompression which will be much faster Automatically check for updates When this setting is checked Overtone Analyzer will periodically check the sygyt com website to see if a new version is available which will require an Internet connection Logging Level This specifies the amount of detail that is written to the log file Input Level Meter The Input Level Meter is the slider on the toolbar that controls input volume and shows the strength of the current input signal Here you can change its parameters Enable monitoring When the Input Level Meter is on Overtone Analyzer will always record sound from your sound card which could be undesirable in some cases so you can turn it off here You can also right click on the Input Level Meter on the toolbar to enable or disable it 69 Reference Guide Displayed range This is the dynamic range shown on the Input Level Meter Max updates per second This number determines how often the Input Level Meter is redrawn You could lower this value if your computer is very slow because every redraw uses up a small amount of CPU time Peak History This is the amount of time in seconds that the peak display is using For example if the peak history is 3 seconds the Level Meter will show the maximum value from the last 3 seconds 70 Reference Guide 4 3 Loading and Saving This section expla
39. all markers and can be used as a summary and a table of contents of the file Marker Types i File Description The File Description is a special type of marker that is automatically added to every file You can use it to add information that applies to the whole file such as where it was recorded when and with whom The File cen Description marker is always the first entry in the marker list of a file and it has the 42 icon Auto Markers Every time you press record record for a while and then press stop an Auto Marker is added to mark this last recorded segment Auto Markers have a circle icon on the Marker List Each segment is called a take and takes are numbered By default 0 5 seconds of silence are added after each take This can be changed in the Advanced Settings 30 Reference Guide MarkerTest wav 0 00 0 07 File Description 0 00 0 01 take 1 0 01 0 02 take 2 0 03 0 04 take 3 0 05 0 06 take 4 e Figure 4 14 Auto Markers on the Timeline and the Marker List 53 Range Markers A Range Marker marks a period of time with a beginning and and end To add a new Range Marker select a time period and then click on Markers Add marker Range Markers have a rectangular icon on the Marker List Y Point Markers A Point Marker marks a point in time To add a new point marker click somewhere on the Timeline or the Spectrogram to position the Time Cursor and reset the selection Then click o
40. alog Toolbars Profiles with this category contain the layout of all toolbars and auxiliary windows such as the File Markerview and the Vowel Chart This is useful to save the layout of toolbars that have been customized 4 5 3 Predefined Profiles Overtone Analyzer comes with a set of predefined profiles that you can use to apply various standard settings Presets The profiles in the Presets category contain collections of various settings to give examples of how profiles can be used and to provide a way to restore default settings of the program Quickstart Settings for the Quickstart Tutorial Standard Frequency Range Set the Frequency Scale to be logarithmic and to range from C2 C8 this is 65 Hz to 4186 Hz Standard Time Range Set the Time Scale to have a range of 10 0 seconds Toolbars The profiles in this category apply only to the toolbars and the visibility of auxiliary windows such as the Vowel Chart and Marker List Minimal Toolbar A minimalistic toolbar for absolute beginners Only contains buttons for recording and playback One line Toolbar A toolbar with most standard buttons for recording editing and visualization Fits one a single row of buttons to preserve screen real estate Default Toolbar A two row toolbar with buttons for most operations including Overtone Sliders zooming and window management Recommended most users that have some experience in using the program Full Toolbar A two row t
41. and of musical instruments Overtone Analyzer helps visualize measure and understand various aspects of your sound Pitch What pitch am I singing or playing e Am lin tune e How is my vibrato Timbre e How strong are the different harmonics overtones in my sound e How is my resonance e Whatis the relationship between the physiology of the voice the physics of sound and the theory of music Change How does my sound change over time How does my voice develop and what progress have I made How do different recordings look and sound in comparison While the previous list includes most functions of Overtone Analyzer it may not yet be obvious how this relates to specific tasks that you can perform with the program Here are some more specific examples of things you can do with Overtone Analyzer Record your voice visualize it and listen to it Introduction Measure the pitch of an instrument Practice holding the pitch over an entire note Analyze the harmonic structure of an instrument Listen to and learn the harmonic series Identify the overtones belonging to a specific fundamental Practice singing the overtone scale Transcribe the notes in a musical recording Construct a musical scale through relating the constituent tones by their overtones 1 3 Who is Overtone Analyzer for Singing teachers can use Overtone Analyzer like a mirror for the voice to explain to the student what he or she is
42. at when a recording is saved as a flac file and then loaded again the reloaded data will be exactly what it was before This perfect quality comes at a price however because the compression is usually not more than 5096 compared to an uncompressed wav file Saving as Mp3 or Ogg The formats mp3 and ogg use lossy compression When a recording is saved in these formats and then loaded again the restored data will be different from the original and depending on the strength of the compression more or less detail will be lost However this enables much higher amounts of compression than the lossless formats Files saved as mp3 or ogg are often 90 smaller than a wav file with the same data You can specify the amount of compression if you have selected one of those file types and press the Options button on the Save File Dialog Mp3 is the most popular format for compressed audio files Ogg is a newer format that has been designed to replace mp3 It claims to have a better sound quality for files of the same size While you are editing a sound file it is recommended to save it in the wav format to avoid losing quality from compressing and uncompressing the file many times while it is opened and saved again When the file is ready for archival save it in flac if you need perfect quality or save it in ogg if you want smaller files and can accept a certain loss in quality If you want to save files in the mp3 format you have to first instal
43. ates the Spectrum This gives the intensity of the individual frequency components of a sound The other method is the detection of the fundamental pitch which is completely separate from the FFT The two methods are both dependent on the sampling rate of a recording However while lowering the sampling rate can increase the accuracy of the FFT in same circumstances the pitch detection works best with sampling rates of 44100Hz or higher Frequency Resolution FFT Size The frequency resolution is the smallest difference between two frequencies that the analyzer can distinguish Internally this setting is stored as the size of the Fast Fourier Transform FFT which is the number of points that are computed for each update 48 Reference Guide A higher FFT Size gives you more accuracy and shows more detail in the spectrum and spectrogram but it also requires more processing power and may slow down your computer In general you should choose the highest setting that still gives you acceptable performance when moving the range slider on the Timeline Time Resolution updates per second This setting determines whether the Analyzer should be more accurate in the frequency or in the time domain In other words are you more interested in measuring the exact pitch or in measuring the melody the variations of the pitch over time Fewer updates per second will increase the accuracy of the pitch display but hide the melody while more updates per
44. by right clicking on the actual scale Frequency Hz di E c pu e N Y Scale with horizontal text Scale with vertical text Show only scale units By default the scales will display the name of the scale and the unit such as Time s and Frequency Hz If this option is checked the scales will only display their unit such as s and Hz Markers This settings control the visibility of Markers on different windows This allows to further refine the Marker visibility in addition to setting the visibility of Markers by type Draw marker heads on timeline If checked the labels of Markers will be shown on the Timeline If this option is not checked only the boundaries of the Markers will be shown Show markers above the spectrogram If checked Markers will be drawn above the Spectrogram the visibility for each marker type must also be enabled in the Markers menu Initial Time Range in seconds This is the time range that will be set for new empty documents By default it is 10 seconds Fixed Timeline Range in minutes By default the Timeline range starts with a range of 10 seconds for new recordings and expands as a recording grows longer If the Timeline range is fixed by setting this option it will stay the same length at all times Initial number of Overtone Sliders Sets the number of visible overtone sliders for new empty documents or for existing documents that are loaded
45. can simply click on the Timeline or Analyzer View to remove it This will reposition the playback cursor and reset the selection You can also clear the selection by clicking on Edit gt Reset selection or by pressing the ESC key 22 Reference Guide Selecting Tones You can select and deselect tones on the piano keyboard and on the Overtone Sliders by clicking on them while holding the Control key To play those tones click on Sliders Play selected tones or press the Return key 4 D6 46ct 1143 7Hz 2 D5 46ct 571 8Hz Figure 4 4 Playing selected tones To make all tones unselected click on Sliders Deselect all tones 23 Reference Guide 4 1 4 Analyzer View This is the main view of Overtone Analyzer The Analyzer View can show the spectrum the spectrogram the fundamental pitch or any combination of these You can select what to display on the toolbar or on the Analyzer View settings dialog This view can also display overtone sliders and other overlays Surrounding the Analyzer View are the Frequency Scale Time Scale and Intensity Scale They can be turned on and off in the View Menu Spectrum Display The Spectrum Display shows the intensity of the frequency components of a sound at a specific point in time It can also show the fundamental pitch of the sound at this time N gt o c 2 p B TE 400 600 200 20 Intensity dB Figure 4 5 Frequency Spectrum and Fundamental Pi
46. content of the email before you can decide to send it Sending images as email only works if you use local email client such as Microsoft Outlook or Mozilla Thunderbird It won t work with web based email clients that you use through your browser such as Gmail You can avoid having to explicitly check the send image as email box by using the Send Screenshot email keyboard shortcut which by default is Shift F12 Export Now This will save the selected output image immediately Export with Hotkey This button will store the current image export settings and close the dialog Now whenever you press the Save Image hotkey a new screenshot will be saved into the output folder By default the hotkey is F12 but you can change that in the keyboard options dialog You can check the include mouse cursor option to include the mouse cursor in screenshots that are saved with the hotkey 4 3 3 Loading and Saving Overtone Slider Layouts If you have created a complex configuration of Overtone Sliders you might want to save it so that it can be used again later Overtone Analyzer will automatically remember the slider layouts for the last few audio recordings but you can also explicitly save a slider layout so that you can use it for different audio files or on their own Saving a slider layout Click on Sliders Save note slider layout and specify where you want to save the layout file The file type ending is oa for Overtone Analyzer Files
47. cted area in the Overtone Analyzer window Image Size This field shows the size in pixels of the saved screenshot You can change the size by resizing the exported windows by selecting different views to be exported or by clicking on the Set Size button Set size This button allows to set the size of the exported area by adjusting the size of the main window First select the views to be exported and then click on the Set Size button to enter the desired target size Overtone Analyzer will attempt to resize the main window such that the exported views fit your requested size 72 Reference Guide Output Images This section determines the location and name of the exported image file Output Folder Select a folder where the image will be saved If you check the box use location of current recording the image will be saved in the same location in which the current audio file is stored Filename Enter the name of the current screenshot If you check the box use name of current recording the name of the image will be derived from the name of the current audio file If you save multiple screenshots a number will be appended to the filename so that each file has a unique name Overtone Analyzer will not overwrite existing files send image as email If this is checked Overtone Analyzer will attempt to compose a new email in your email program with the saved screenshot as an attachment You still have to specify the recipient and the other
48. ding Recording Source Microphone Samson GoMic X Recording Volume Playback Piano Instrument Acoustic Grand Piano Y Overtone Instrument y MIDI Volume Master Volume l V Loop playback Figure 4 26 Audio Settings On the Audio Settings dialog you can select the sound card from which to record and you can adjust its volume You can also select the instruments for the piano keyboard and the note sliders Recording Source This is the input line from which to record audio data when you press the record button If you have more than one sound card installed for example because you are using an external USB microphone make sure that the correct one is selected here Recording Volume This determines the input level of your recording It is very important to set this so that the full dynamic range is used without clipping to get a good recording A clipped signal will cause artifacts in the spectrogram Figure 4 27 input level too high 43 Reference Guide Figure 4 28 recording volume ok Recording source and volume can also be set through the input level meter on the toolbar You can set the recording volume by moving the slider and you can select the input source by right clicking on the input level meter COCO 0 A she a om a v Microphone Samson GoMic N Stereomix VIA High Definition Audio Microphone Webcam Enable monitoring Figure 4 29 Right
49. dynamic range is typically measured in decibel In digital audio common dynamic range values are 90db for 16 bit audio and 140db for 24 bit audio The FFT is a mathematical process that converts a series of samples in the time domain such as a digital audio recording into a list of frequencies and their intensity The window function is a set of coefficients between O and 1 that are multiplied with a sequence of samples before taking the FFT of this sequence The purpose of this is to reduce mathematical artifacts in the Spectrum arising from discontinuities between the beginning and the end of the signal The File Marker List is a window that lists the Markers of the current file It can also show a list of recently used files or a list of search results Further it allows to add and edit markers and marker descriptions 81 Glossary File Description Filter Formant Frequency Frequency Filter Frequency Resolution Fundamental Harmonic Harmonic Series Hertz Hz Intensity Lin The File Description is a special type of Marker that is automatically added to every file Each file has a description which is the first entry in the marker list and which has the round information icon as symbol It can be used to add a description to the file such as what it contains when it was recorded where with whom and any other relevant information Short for Frequency Filter A formant is a resonance f
50. e to show more detail on both scales Your screen should now look similar to this Frequency Mz Time Range Slider Figure 3 7 Zoomed in detail of pitch Notice how the Time Range Slider in 1s now much smaller than in the previous image because the time range has been zoomed in You can drag the Time Range Slider with the mouse when you grab it in its middle where the mouse cursor will change into a hand Try this now Or you can simply click anywhere on the Timeline to bring the Time Range Slider to that position 3 6 Short term view We have already observed that the pitch line moves up and down Now with the detailed close up let s analyze the range of this pitch movement Click on the Show Spectrum button as shown on to bring up the Short Term view Quickstart Tutorial Show Spectrum Short term view FEL e Select Profile Figure 3 8 Click Spectrum button to bring up secondary view Now the Analyzer View is split into two parts On the left side is the long term view and on the right is the short term view Long term view Short term view C4 27ct Figure 3 9 Long term and short term view The two views are linked If you move the mouse cursor over the long term view on the left side the short term view on the right side will show a detailed close up for the time at which you point Right now we are displaying only pitch so the short term view shows a blue line with the exact pitch of
51. e 4 6 Spectrogram Display The bottom scale now shows time instead of intensity and the intensity is now represented by the color of each point on the display Think of it as looking at a series of stacked spectra from the top In Figure 4 6 you see the spectrogram of a male singer The fundamental pitch moves around 200 Hz The periodic rise and fall of the pitch is the vibrato of the singer The second harmonic at 400 Hz is much louder than the first The higher harmonics between 600 Hz and 2000 Hz change over the time range shown This is because the singer is changing the vowel he is singing The singer s formant at 3000 Hz stays strong throughout Combined view Spectrogram Spectrum It is possible to show spectrogram and spectrum side by side Frequency Hz 6 5 Time s j 30 Intensity dB Figure 4 7 Spectrogram and Spectrum side by side In this case the spectrogram on the left side shows how the frequency components change over time and the spectrum on the right shows more details for a specific point in time If you move the mouse cursor over the spectrogram the right side will show the spectrum for the time pointed at by the mouse If the mouse cursor is not over the spectrogram the spectrum will show the frequency components for the time where the green cursor line is For example in the image above the cursor is at 6 0 seconds so the spectrum shows a cross section of the spectrogram at this time 25 Reference
52. e Guide 4 1 6 Markers PREMIUM Note Markers are only available in Overtone Analyzer Premium Markers allow you to set bookmarks in files and to add descriptions to them This allows you to manage large collections of recordings and to find parts of interest again Here is a screenshot of a recording with markers c scales on changing fundamental wav Overtone Analyzer JE x File Edit View Filters Markers Sliders Tools Window Help M b B b me gt Manage profiles y 5 tone scale on semitone step Files Markers E P X ceste P scales on changing fundamental wav 0 00 1 02 Ascending and descending sca 0 00 0 08 short scale on semitone step 0 08 0 19 5tone scale on semitone step 0 19 0 34 Stone scale on semitone step 0 34 1 02 scale on whole tone step 3 0 00 1 02 Ascending and descending scales on semitone step and whole tone step of the fundamental short s 5 tone scal 9 tone scale on scale on whole tone step Normalized Recorded September 15 2012 0 10 0 15 Show Files 0 current open Dall Listing all markers of the current file Files Markers Vowel Chart scales on changing fundamental wav Figure 4 13 A recording with markers Figure 4 13 shows an audio file that includes a number of separate sections Each section has been marked and labeled with a marker The File and Marker View on the right shows a list of
53. e Move time position or frequency position of slider depending on the direction of the move Change number of displayed over and undertones Move Overtone Sizer Change the number overtones or harmonics that are shown for this slider Move Undertone Sizer Change the number of undertones or sub harmonics shown for this slider Double click on Over or Undertone Sizer Reset number of over or undertones to zero Snap line to reference frequency Alt Click Drag Move line but with reversed snapping behavior For example if snapping is enabled holding Alt while moving the line will disable snapping and vice versa Control Click Drag Move line and snap to nearest line on the slider to the left or the slider that currently has the focus This is very useful to construct specific intervals For example to create a perfect fifth snap the second harmonic of one slider to the third harmonic of another Control Alt Click Drag Move line and snap to the nearest line on the slider to the left even if the focus is on a different slider This is useful for quickly constructing scales Other commands Right click on Label Open Context Menu for this slider Table 4 2 Overtone Slider Mouse Commands 35 Reference Guide Selecting and Playing Slider Tones The labels of the overtone sliders show information about the corresponding frequency and note but they also serve as buttons that allow playing back the corres
54. e Timeline and the Marker List o ooocoooccnnccnnconoconoconocnnocnncnnaroninnnos 31 4 16 Editing Markers in the File Marker List oooooconocnnccnnccnnccnncnnncnnocnnconnconnccnnccnncrnncnnncnnncnnnenarenoss 32 4 17 Main elements of Overtone Sliders oooccoccnccnnccnnccnnccnnconnconnccnncnnnconnconnrnnnnnnronnronnrnnconnccnnccnnions 33 4 18 Two overtone sliders forming a perfect fifth oooooconocnnccnnccnnccnnconoconcconccnnconnccnnccnnccnncrnncnnncnnnes 34 4 19 The Sliders Toolbar i 2205 re eres tette Bess oye deere Adra 34 4 20 Note Sliders fixated to the Timeline nsise somniis srna esere EE ge Perdre rre Ere reni e Re 36 4 21 Rulers and the Vowel Chart i ient pee a eerte pie rr be re erii ple ebay une eh herren 38 4 22 Waveform and Timeline 5 ort tee E ER REO Petre Ere m ti aaa Parr Ree eoa pnr 39 4 23 Fully zoomed in Waveform as oscilloscope sssssse Hee eene 39 4 24 The Customize Toolbar Dialog 2 ert Rer ED Pe RR Rer rhe Enea 41 4 25 Toolbar with large icons and text labels ooooooooccnnccnnconcconoconncnnncnnncnnronnconccnnccnnccnnccnnconnconncnnnss 4l 4 26 Audio Settings i cote ro Et e p Te Deep e rsb erede E a rre UR ee ese eth a to seabed 43 4 27 anput leyel too high cintas 43 4 28 recording volume ok etes tr HER RR REX ER REERRPO REC RE essen A ERR IRSE RESTER 44 4 29 Right clicking on input volume meter on toolbar sssssssese cece een eeneee
55. e colors between the control points will be smoothly interpolated If the box is not checked the color scheme will use hard color boundaries between the different control points also look at the different but related setting Smooth Spectrogram Colors Here is an example of a spectrum with and without colormap interpolation Figure 4 35 Spectrum with interpolated colormap Figure 4 36 Spectrum with discrete colormap Reverse order Clicking this button will reverse the order of the control points so that the colors for the highest intensity are now at the bottom and vice versa This will invert the appearance of the spectrogram and can be useful when trying out new color schemes Displayed Dynamic Range This is the range of intensities represented by the colormap The intensities are measured in decibels dB A value of OdB corresponds to the loudest possible sine wave that can be represented by the selected audio format With a recording bit depth of 16 bits per sample it is theoretically possible to represent a dynamic range of 96dB However on the spectrogram it is often better to limit the shown dynamic range to reduce the amount of displayed noise The dynamic range sliders can also be found on the toolbar and are useful for adjusting the displayed dynamic range on the fly to get the best contrast on the spectrogram The best way to understand those sliders is to play with both of them Dynamic Range Top Level Brightness This
56. eform and Timeline for example if they are symmetric and if they show decibel It also includes Marker visibility settings Analyzer Settings This category stores the settings from the Analyzer Settings dialog Analyzer View Settings This category mostly contains the settings that are found on the Analyzer View dialog Spectrum Colormap This category stores the current colormap of the spectrum which can be selected on the ColorMap Editor Frequency Scale This category contains the range of the frequency scale and whether the scale is linear or logarithmic These settings are found on the Scale Settings dialog Rulers and Filters This category stores the current layout of rulers on the frequency and amplitude scales and the current number and position of frequency filters 78 Reference Guide Slider Settings This category contains the settings for Overtone Sliders These are found on the toolbar and on the Note Sliders dialog Slider Layout This category stores the current number and position of note sliders Keyboard Shortcuts This category stores the current keyboard shortcuts which can be set on the Keyboard Shortcuts dialog Note il If you assign a shortcut key to your profile and you use profiles with different keyboard shortcut configurations be aware that the profile hotkey must be separately assigned in all configurations Fonts and Colors This stores the settings from the Fonts and Colors di
57. ency Filter sese III He ee hem meme mee hene entree rene 15 3 15 Adjusting the number of harmonics shown by the Overtone Slider ooooconoconccnnccnnncnnccnoccnaccnicnnos 16 4 1 User Interface OVervIeW tert epi Ie EDIDI ERR eb E EEEE I KEE ETES E 18 4 2 Scrollable nd zoomable areas session 5 i eter e ttp yes reete ee bg bees P see Sd ERAS 21 4 3 Selecting time range and notes ocooccnnccnnconncnnnconncnnncnnnrnnnnnnrnnnrnn ceca rro he men nor t ent ent emen hee nennen 22 4 4 Playing selected tones iiu ee rer medir Re rre ere Pre RE DRE ERR ERE PER EES yi 23 4 5 Frequency Spectrum and Fundamental Pitch ooooooncnnccnncnnccnnccnnconnconnccnnccnncnnnconnconncnnnrnnccnnroninnno 24 4 6 Spectrogram Display 5 3 pete err E red Pet Er ETE Ea Pet ee RIP RS ERROR ER EORR ee RR e REDI Res 25 4 7 Spectrogram and Spectrum side by side ooooccnoccnoconocnnccnnonnncnnnronocnnccnnconncconccnnconncnnncnnncnnncnarenose 25 4 8 Pitch only display ire etr ette betas des ERO TREE ER PEE ERES SEES 26 4 9 Using a Frequency Filter occitano 27 4 10 Filter Controls 5 oct rito E ret Ot s C t o pic 28 4 11 Additive filter Mode ocioteca trece eh ceret regn ree ette pee genre rre eire 28 4 12 Subtractive tilter Mode i5 e e eee eme RE 29 4 13 A recording with Markers cocotero EE HERES ee 30 4 14 Auto Markers on the Timeline and the Marker List 2 0 0 0 cece cece cece ce eece me 31 4 15 Range and Point Markers on th
58. end to the standard MIDI synthesizer that is part of the operating system or it can be send to external instruments connected to the computer MIDI is also used as a file format to store a musical piece as a sequence of notes A mono recording has one channel for example the input of a single microphone Same as Overtone Slider The terms Note Slider and Overtone Slider are used synonymously depending on the context A display that shows how a signal changes over time on a two dimensional graph where one axis is time and the other axis is the intensity of the signal In Overtone Analyzer an oscilloscope display can be shown by zooming in the Waveform View very far An overtone is a tone that relates to a specific fundamental tone Each overtone has a frequency that is a whole multiple of the fundamental frequency For example if the fundamental has a frequency of 100Hz its overtones have 200Hz 300Hz etc Also called harmonic or partial tone Same as Note Slider Overtone Sliders are a visual tool that is laid over the Spectrogram Each slider represents a frequency This can be interpreted as a music note and it can be played as a sound Sliders can be drawn out to show the overtones and undertones of the fundamental frequency Sliders can be used to highlight a specific frequency or note to illustrate principles of music theory and acoustics or to transcribe a piece of music and show its notes Other word for
59. ew and modify the keyboard shortcuts for all the different commands To modify a shortcut simply click on it and press the new key combination that you want to use for the selected command Duplicate assignments will automatically be removed The Profile bar on the right allows you to save and retrieve different keyboard layouts In addition there are buttons to add and remove shortcuts to commands Add Key When a command is selected pressing the Add Key button will add a new shortcut to this key so that a single command can have multiple shortcuts Clear Key Clear the key for the selected command Here is an overview of the default shortcut assignments Command File Ctrl Alt S Ctrl Shift S Reference Guide Command Send Screenshot Email Edit Undo Redo Ctrl Z Ctrl Y Ctrl X Ctrl C Ctrl V Num Del Ctrl R Ctrl A Q amp Copy Paste Delete Crop to selection Select AII Select Visible Set selection Reset selection Lock selection Normalize FadeIn FadeOut Replace with silence Insert silence Reinsert silence View Zoom in current view Zoom in Shift 1 Zoom out Shift 2 Zoom to fit selection 62 Reference Guide Command Frequency Scale AAA Spectrum Intensity Scale O Set Language Toggle Language Ctrl Shift L Filters Add Filter Enable Realtime Preview Apply Filters Filter Additively Filter Subtractively Markers Add and edit Marker
60. for it during the saving of the file 4 3 2 Saving Images and Screenshots Overtone Analyzer can take screenshots from any part of the user interface and save them as image files Click on File gt Save Image to open the Export Image Dialog Export Image lt Export Area Output Images 9 entire window Output Folder C Overtone Analyzer Screenshots n selected views 7 use location of current recording Timeline Waveform Filename screenshot png Y Staff View IF Piano use name of current recording Frequency Scale V Analyzer Window Time Scale Intensity Scale Amplitude Scale e Email send image as email Image size 1280x720 Capture with Hotkey Set size V indude mouse cursor export with Hotkey Fin Cms e Figure 4 47 Export Image Dialog This dialog has two main sections On the left side in the Export Area section you specify what you want to save and on the right side in the Output Images section you specify where you want to save it and under which name Export Area In this section you control if the entire Overtone Analyzer window is saved or if only parts of the interface should be saved If you choose to save only selected views check those views that should be included Overtone Analyzer will export the smallest rectangle that includes all selected views so in same cases that views may be implicitly included You will see a yellow frame marking the sele
61. for many screen elements For example you can adjust the colors of the Analyzer View background and of the overtone sliders to achieve the best contrast with specific spectrum colormaps You can manage several different color schemes through the profile bar on the right Note On this page you define the global fonts and colors profile If you want to you can associated colors of specific UI elements with the colormaps of the spectrum by going to the Linked UI Colors section of the colormap editor For example there is a White background colormap that defines the spectrum background to be white thereby overriding whatever background color is defined by the current color profile 66 Reference Guide 4 2 11 Advanced Settings This dialog has various settings that are intended for advanced users to further customize the program Display Waveform The Waveform settings control the appearance of the Waveform and the Timeline Views They are also available by right clicking on either of those views Waveform uses Decibel If checked the Waveform and the Timeline will display intensity on a logarithmic scale Use symmetric waveform If checked the Waveform and Timeline will display intensity symmetrically Scales Use vertical scale labels Determines if the text on all scales along the Y Axis will be vertical or horizontal Vertical text uses less screen space but horizontal text is easier to read You can also access this setting
62. g onto a toolbar Quick customize You can quickly rearrange toolbar buttons by holding the ALT key and moving buttons with the mouse to a different toolbar or drag them off a toolbar To restore your toolbar bring up the Toolbar Customize Dialog click on the Toolbars tab and click on Reset All Large buttons and text labels The toolbar appearance can be customized on the Options tab of the Customize Toolbar Dialog You can choose to display large icons and or text labels Here is an example of this File Edit View Filters Markers Sliders Tools Window Help Rewind to start Play Stop Record Forward to end Figure 4 25 Toolbar with large icons and text labels 41 Reference Guide When the Customize Toolbar Dialog is open you can also change the appearance of individual buttons by right clicking on them Toolbar Profiles The Profile List on the toolbar contains several predefined toolbar arrangements that you can activate by clicking on one of the entries in the list 42 Reference Guide 4 2 Options Most settings in Overtone Analyzer are controlled through the View Menu and the Options Dialog The most common settings are also on the toolbar You can bring up the options dialog by clicking on the options toolbar button by clicking on Tools Options or by pressing F10 Below are explanations for each different part of the options dialog 4 2 1 Audio Settings mre Audio Settings F2 Recor
63. ged values that affect the display are the dynamic range of the Spectrogram and Spectrum and the dynamic range of the Waveform and Timeline There are various ways to change those values but one of the fastest is to use the mouse to drag things with the left button or to zoom the scales with the mouse wheel Mouse wheel emulation If you don t have a mouse wheel you can point at the scale or window to be zoomed and use the the 1 and 2 keys on your keyboard Wherever this manual mentions the mouse wheel remember that you can also use those keys instead Interactive areas The following table lists the mouse commands for scrolling and zooming and where they can be used Left click and drag Scroll any scale Time Scale Frequency Scale Intensity Scale Amplitude Scale Zoom Press the 1 and 2 keys Shift mouse wheel Scroll time range Ctrl mouse wheel Zoom the Timeline View instead Spectrogram Timeline of zooming the time range of the Spectrogram Table 4 1 Commands for scrolling and zooming The following image shows all areas that can be manipulated by left click or mouse wheel 20 Reference Guide vowel sequence 2b third higher wav Overtone Analyzer File Edit View Filters Markers Sliders Tools Window Help neme AAAA C T 2 0 t Amplitude 1a Use mouse wheel 4 scroll or zoom 0 or 1 2 keys Amplitude Range to zoom Time Range Use Shift mouse wheel aya E
64. ges The Customize Fundamental Ranges Dialog lets you change the background of the Staff View where the different ranges of normal singers and of overtone singers can be displayed Voice Range Profiles You choose from several predefined profiles through the list box on the right LUMLEY i hd aa ra gt p ES oe E v SATB m Hr m mr I e 2 Tu c seet Figure 4 40 SATB Voice Range Profile This profile shows the normal four choir voice ranges Soprano Alto Tenor and Bass Standard Voice Range Profile LALALA LLL ILL a p 2 imd ied iz e A Al o AE LH APTARI gt 0 Ex 9 A NEN f w gt Figure 4 41 The standard voice range profile This profile shows the four choir voice ranges and the range of overtones that are singable in a controlled manner by consciously amplifying specific overtones Overtones NG L LALALA LALA TA a2 Figure 4 42 The Overtone Technique Profile In this profile the singable overtones are divided by the technique used to produce them The NG Technique uses the entire oral cavity without the tongue and is more suitable for the lower overtones The L Technique uses the tongue to divide the oral cavity into two separate chambers This technique is used to produce the higher overtones Changing the frequency ranges The predefined frequency ranges are only approximat
65. gh this may look different on your computer due to the variety of audio devices available we a v Microphone Samson GoMic Stereomix VIA High Definition Audio Microphone Webcam Enable monitoring Figure 3 4 Right click on Input Volume to select mic 3 2 3 Set Input Level Right click again on the Input Volume control and make sure that the last entry called Enable monitoring is checked This will show the current input level even when you are not recording The Input Volume control also allows you to monitor and adjust the volume of the recorded sound The slider that you can move sets the input volume of the microphone The colored stripes in the background show the strength of the current signal If you make a noise into your microphone you should see some activity there It is very important to adjust the recording volume correctly to prevent clipping If the input volume reaches the the red area reduce the input level or increase the distance to your microphone You should aim to keep the maximum volume of the recorded sound just at the upper end of the yellow area Recording Volume too low Analyzer Display will lack detail Recording Volume too high Analyzer will show clipping artefacts this is worse than the volume being too low Recording Volume optimal Signal uses most of the available dynamic range without clipping Analyzer will show best amount of detail Make some test sounds into your
66. ground color You can click and drag the borders of an existing selection to make it longer or shorter Working with a time selection Once you have selected a time range you can press the Play button to play it repeatedly You can choose if playback should be repeated automatically by clicking on Tools gt Loop playback You can also click on View Zoom to fit selection to set the visible time range to match the current selection Conversely you can click on Edit gt Select visible range to select the time range that is currently visible Use the command Edit gt Set selection to enter precise numbers for the time range to be selected Further you can apply edit commands such as Cut Copy Paste etc to the current selection Locking a selection If you click anywhere on the Timeline or the Spectrogram the playback cursor will jump to the position of the click and the current selection will be reset Sometimes you might want to keep the selection a bit longer but still move the cursor within the selection to hear specific parts To prevent the selection from being lost when you move the cursor click on Edit gt Lock selection Now the selection can still be resized by moving its borders but clicking somewhere on the Timeline or Analyzer View won t destroy the existing selection This is particularly useful when comparing files and when working with Frequency Filters Resetting the selection If the selection is not locked you
67. hand There is no concept of being in a specific profile Instead you are free to change the settings of the program and to restore specific settings when you need them by applying a profile that contains the settings you want Sharing profiles You can save the current profile to a file by pressing Export and load this file on a different computer by pressing Import in the profile manager on that computer Loading profile files Profile files have the oapr file extension You can open those files in Overtone Analyzer through the File menu or by dragging the oapr file on the application window Importing profiles from web To make it easier to follow tutorials about Overtone Analyzer you can import settings from a website that offers a profile through a profile link Some browsers may show a security warning before opening the link 4 5 2 Profile Categories Here is an overview of the various categories of settings that profiles can contain and that can be selected on the Profile Manager dialog Time Zoom The time range of the Spectrogram and associated views This can be changed by zooming Inner Window Layout This category stores the layout visibility and configuration of the Staff view the Piano the Analyzer View the Waveform View the Timeline and the Scales Frequency Scale Time Scale Intensity Scale Amplitude Scale etc This includes configuration of the Scales for example if they show vertical labels and of the Wav
68. hile you can follow some of it in the Free Edition we recommend that you use the Live or Premium Edition to follow all steps in this tutorial You can download a free 30 day trial version of the Live or Premium editions at www sygyt com http www sygyt com en overtone analyzer editions Note This guide is available in various formats Online You can find an online version which you can view in your webbrowser at www sygyt com en quickstart http www sygyt com en quickstart PDF You can download a PDF version of the entire manual at www sygyt com en support http www sygyt com en support Video A video version of this tutorial is available at www sygyt com en videos quickstart tutorial http www sygyt com en videos quickstart tutorial 3 1 Prerequisites You have installed Overtone Analyzer on your computer You have a working microphone connected to your computer If you have not completed the above two steps see System Requirements for more information about what you need 3 2 Configuration 3 2 1 Apply Settings Profile To prepare the program to make a recording click on the profile list on the toolbar the box that says Select Profile and select the Quickstart profile Quickstart Tutorial p Select Profile y Select Profile Preset Quickstart Settings for the Quickstart Tutorial Toolbars 1 Minimal Toolbar Minimalistic toolbar with very few buttons 2 One line Toolbar
69. indow Heb MbEOGO M j 2 For Heip press F 1 1 005 Paria Y Figure 3 10 Select time range 1 0 to 3 0 seconds Now start playback again Notice how the selected time range is now played in a loop You can switch looping on or off by clicking on Tools Loop playback If looping is turned off pressing Space will play the selection just once until you press it again If you click anywhere on the Timeline or the Analyzer View the selection will disappear If you want to keep a selection and be able to click into it during playback to hear specific parts you can lock the selection by clicking on Edit Lock selection or by clicking on the Lock selection button on the toolbar Try this now Make a selection lock it start playback and then click at various points in time Don t forget to unlock the selection when you are done with it 3 8 Spectrogram So far we ve only looked at the pitch line which shows the fundamental pitch of the recording Now let s look at the Spectrogram which shows how loud the recording is at each point of the frequency range Click on Tools gt Options or press the Options button on the toolbar to bring up the Options dialog then click on Analyzer View on the left side to select the Analyzer View dialog 11 Quickstart Tutorial Analyzer View F5 Analyzer Display cdi 7 Short term view Scroling Y Spectrum Pagna V Pitch i Pitch Display Y Disp
70. ines have different colors 1 Red Octaves of the fundamental 2 White Harmonics that are not octaves 33 Reference Guide 3 Green Harmonics that perfectly match the harmonic of another slider on the screen 4 a2 880 0Hz 3 e2 2ct 660 0Hz 2 e2 2ct 660 0Hz 2 a1 440 0Hz Figure 4 18 Two overtone sliders forming a perfect fifth 1 e1 2ct 330 0Hz For example Figure 4 18 shows two sliders whose interval forms a perfect fifth The frequency of the second slider is exactly 3 2 times that of the first slider Every third harmonic of the first slider matches every second harmonic of the second slider Overtone Sizer Handle The handles appear when you move the mouse over a slider You can grab the handles with the mouse and move them The Overtone Sizer Handle controls the number of harmonics or overtones shown for this slider Undertone Sizer Handle This handle controls the number of undertones shown for the corresponding slider Move Slider Handle This handle allows you to move the frequency or the time position of a slider When the piano is vertical moving this handle up or down has the same effect as moving a slider line with the mouse Moving the slider left or right will leave the slider at the same frequency but move its start and end position in time The Overtone Sliders Toolbar Many aspects of sliders can be controlled through the Overtone Sliders Toolbar If the toolbar is not visible you
71. ins how to load and save audio recordings and other file types such as images 4 3 1 Loading and saving Audio Files Loading Audio Files If Overtone Analyzer is already running click on File Open to open an existing file You can also drag files into the Overtone Analyzer window In Windows Explorer you can right click on a file and select Open with and then chose Overtone Analyzer You may have to click on Choose program if Overtone Analyzer is not already listed Saving Audio Files Click on File Save to save a recording On the File Save Dialog you can select the file type on the bottom Depending on the file type the Options button on the lower right corner of the dialog may be enabled with further options Usually this allows to specify the amount of compression for the compressed formats There are several keyboard shortcuts for saving files in a specific format Supported File Types Overtone Analyzer can open most audio file formats It can also open some video formats and load their audio stream For saving Overtone Analyzer supports wav ogg mp3 and flac Wav files are uncompressed Those files require the most hard drive space but they are also the fasted to open and save Lossless and lossy compression The other three formats are compressed so they all produce smaller files than wav For compressed formats one distinguishes between lossy and lossless compression Flac is a lossless format which means th
72. ions and there are different opinions about what constitutes the range of singable overtones and the choir voices You can select the ranges that you want to display by changing the start and end frequencies for each voice Display Singing Voice Ranges This switch can be used to completely disable the display of the ranges when they are not needed so that the Staff View will only show the music notes 59 Reference Guide Inner and Outer values The Outer value specify the point where the voice starts to fade in from the background color and the Inner value is the point where it will reach the full color Color Type Overtone or Voice This selects the color that will be used for this range There are two different colors available Overtone and Voice Both can be customized on the Fonts and Colors dialog under Colors Staff View Range Overtone and Range Voice 60 Reference Guide 4 2 9 Keyboard Shortcuts Keyboard Shortcuts File Profile L New Ctrl N M ee T EF Open Ctrl O Rename Copy Close Ctrl W ER Loaded File Info ll Save Ct S Y Read only Save as Ctrl Alt S Saveall Ctrl Shift S Add Key Save note slider layout Clear Key Save Data Point D Save Image Ctrl 1 Screenshot Hotkey F12 Exit Save As Wav Save As Flac Save As Ogg Save As Mp3 m Create a new document Figure 4 43 Keyboard shortcuts On this dialog you can vi
73. ive notes on the spectrogram and the transcribe tool will insert a new note slider with every click To leave the transcribe tool you can double click right click press ESCAPE or press the keyboard shortcut for the transcription tool which by default is T Delete selected note sliders This command will remove any sliders in the current selection without affecting the audio data in this time period Space sliders evenly across selection This command ensures that the sliders in the current selection all have the same width and are adjacent and non overlapping Sort sliders by pitch This command may reorder the selected sliders such that they are sorted by their fundamental frequency where the slider with the lowest fundamental will come first This can be used for example during the construction of scales Use lowest undertone as fundamental If a slider has some undertones in other words if the Undertone Sizer Handle has been drawn down this command will swap the lowest undertone and the fundamental Note Practice Mode If you want to practice singing specific patterns or compositions you can click on the sliders in one window to control the single slider in another To understand how this works first close all open windows by clicking on Windows gt Close all Then open two new windows by clicking on File New twice Arrange the windows by clicking on Windows gt Tile horizontally Now create three note sliders in the first
74. ize A cent is one hundredth of the distance between two notes on the piano or between two semitones of the tempered scale In other words two consecutive keys on the piano regardless if black or white are 100 Cent apart The cent is used to measure extremely small intervals One octave is divided into 1200 Cent Clipping is the effect when parts of the recorded audio signal are too loud to be represented by the used sample format and are therefore cut off For example the audio format may be able to represent sample values between 1 0 and 1 0 If the incoming signal contains values larger than 1 0 they will all be set to 1 0 which causes a loss of information and a distortion of the signal The decibel is a logarithmic unit that indicates the ratio of an intensity relative to a reference level When used to represent the intensity of an audio signal or of individual frequency components the reference level is OdB which represents the loudest sound that can be encoded in a particular file format A decibel value of OdB equals an amplitude of 1 All intensities that are smaller than the loudest reference level have a negative decibel value The available range depends on the bit depth of the file format With 16 bit the smallest intensity that can be represented is 90dB and with 24 bit it is approximately 140dB The dynamic range is the ratio between the largest and the smallest value that can be represented by a given format The
75. ke This allows to specify an amount of silence that will be added to a file each time recording is stopped Default recording folder If this is specified the Save File dialog will always open this folder when saving a new file Cursor Lines When moving the mouse across the Analyzer View helper lines appear to make it easier to read the current cursor position on all scales These settings allow to individually control the visibility of those lines Show Time Cursor Line Show the time of the cursor location across all views that have a time scale Show Frequency Cursor Line Show the frequency of the cursor location across all views 68 Reference Guide Show Intensity Cursor Line Show the intensity line for the cursor location on the Spectrum Show time range on crosshair Mark the time ranges on the cursor that are used to calculate the spectrum and the pitch Vowel Chart These settings control the frequency ranges and scale mode of the Vowel Chart Audio Performance Recording Latency This is the approximate time in milliseconds that passes from the moment a signal arrives in the microphone until it is displayed on the screen A lower latency means that the screen is updated more frequently Therefore this value should be as low as possible to ensure that the analyzer display is responsive However if the value is too low your computer may be unable to process the incoming data quickly enough and some parts of the recording
76. l the Lame mp3 encoder dll Installing the LAME mp3 Encoder To create Mp3 files with Overtone Analyzer the LAME Encoder lame enc dll needs to be installed on your computer Since Mp3 is a patented technology that requires an expensive license we cannot distribute this file ourselves and recommend the use of the Ogg file format for creating compressed audio files Ogg is a free alternative to Mp3 that also claims to have a better sound quality than Mp3 for compressed files of similar size http en wikipedia org wiki Ogg If you want to create Mp3 files there are a number of sites where you can freely download the LAME Encoder For example www rarewares org http ww w rarewares org mp3 lame bundle php 71 Reference Guide If that link doesn t work you could also go to the official LAME website http lame sourceforge net links php Binaries and look at their links section or try a web search ld Note Please be careful when downloading software from the Internet We are not in any way affiliated with rarewares org or any other site that distributes the LAME encoder we have absolutely no control over what is offered there and we cannot guarantee the safety of files offered by them Use files from these sites at your own risk To use the LAME Encoder put lame enc dll somewhere on your computer When you want to save a file as mp3 in Overtone Analyzer browse to the location of the lame enc dll when Overtone Analyzer asks
77. lay current note name Display frequency Show current note on piano and staff view Figure 3 11 Analyzer View Settings Check the Spectrogram and Spectrum options on the dialog so that it looks exactly like Figure 3 11 Then press on the OK button to close the dialog Now you should already see the Spectrogram and the Spectrum but the screen might still be zoomed in very far from the previous step On the toolbar click on the Select Profile button and select the Standard Frequency Range profile Then click on View gt Zoom out fully Now your screen should look similar to this 12 Quickstart Tutorial vibrato female ogg Overtone Analyzer e oe x Ele Edt View Fites Markers Siders Tools Window Help peer UL fi For Help press F 1 Figure 3 12 Displaying Spectrogram and Spectrum Figure 3 12 once again shows the long term and short term views but now they contain not only the pitch line but also the Spectrogram in the long term view on the left side and the Spectrum in the short term view on the right You can adjust the amount of detail of Spectrogram and Spectrum by changing the brightness and contrast sliders on the toolbar as shown on Figure 3 3 The Spectrum and Spectrogram show the intensity or volume of the individual frequency components of a sound To better understand what this means let s use another feature of Overtone Analyzer the
78. lete This command deletes the current selection If nothing is selected the entire file is deleted This can be useful if you want to quickly clear the screen when using Overtone Analyzer for practice If you deleted something by accident always remember that you can use the Undo command to revert your action Crop to selection This command does the opposite of Delete Instead of deleting the selected part of a recording it deletes those parts that are not selected which can be used to trim unneeded parts before and after a recording Normalize This command applies to the current selection or if nothing is selected to the entire file Normalizing a recording will raise its amplitude such that the loudest part of the selection will use the largest possible value of the current file format This can be used to raise the volume of very quiet recordings It can also be useful to normalize recordings before sharing them with others to ensure a consistent volume across multiple files However normalization cannot substitute a good recording that was made with a properly adjusted microphone Normalizing is similar to increasing the brightness of a photograph that is too dark no new information is added the available information just becomes slightly easier to see or hear Also since normalization uses the loudest part of a selection as a reference loud noises in the recording will prevent successful normalization Hence if loud noises are p
79. ling Rate 11025Hz Sampling Rate 44100Hz FFT Size 2048 Points Frequency Hz 1 105 0Hz 30 Intensity dB 30 Intensity dB 3 sity Resolution 5 4Hz Resolution 21 5Hz FFT Size 4096 Points 49 Reference Guide Sampling Rate 11025Hz Sampling Rate 44100Hz 40 30 Intensity dB 70 80 50 40 30 Intensity dB Resolution 10 8Hz FFT Size 8192 Points 40 30 Intensity dB 70 6 amp 0 50 30 Intensity dB Resolution 5 4Hz FFT Size 16384 Points 70 80 50 49 30 Intensity dB Resolution 0 7Hz 70 0 50 40 30 Intensity dB Resolution 2 7Hz Table 4 5 Sampling Rate and Frequency Resolution In this example the frequency scale range is 75Hz to 135Hz and the dynamic range is 66dB starting at 8dB The time resolution was set to 1 update per second 50 Reference Guide 4 2 4 Analyzer View Settings Analyzer View F5 Analyzer Display Scroll Mode Analyzer View C rmap Editor Spectrum Type MMM lu Pitch Display Y Display current note name Display frequency Y Show current note on piano and staff view Figure 4 33 Analyzer View Settings On this dialog you can choose the appearance and behaviour of the Analyzer View Analyzer Display This selects the kind of analysis that you want to show The main analyzer window can show a single view or it can be split into
80. my be lost This will appear as clicks or gaps in the recording If you have a fast computer you can try to lower this value and see if the recording still appears correct File Playback Latency This setting is similar to the Recording Latency but for playback A lower number will mean there is less delay between performing an action such as changing the playback position and hearing the result but if the value is too low you may hear clicks or gaps during playback If that is the case raise the value until playback sounds smooth and continuous Tone Generator These settings affect only the Sine Wave Generator that can be used to play overtones and piano keys You can change the sampling rate and the playback latency A lower latency value will make the program appear more responsive to changes of the pitch of a slider when you move it System Reopen last session at startup If this is checked Overtone Analyzer will remember which files were open when it was last closed and open those files again on the next startup Number of uncompressed files to cache When Overtone Analyzer loads compressed files such as Mp3 or Ogg files it first converts them into an uncompressed file that will be stored in your temp folder This allows much faster access for scrolling and editing the file but it might use up a lot of hard drive space This setting determines how many uncompressed files will be stored in the temp folder If you open a file that has alre
81. n Markers Add marker Point Markers have the triangle icon They can also have the Thumb up or Thumb down icon There is no difference between the Thumb Markers and regular Point Markers except for the icon E MarkerTest2 wav i 0 00 0 07 File Description 0 03 Range 1 EH 0 03 0 04 Range 2 v 0 04 Point 1 0 05 Point 2 Figure 4 15 Range and Point Markers on the Timeline and the Marker List Navigating with Markers To jump back and forth between markers click on Markers Jump to previous marker or Jump to next marker You can also use the Q and W keys for this When you press Shift Q or Shift W you will jump to the previous or next marker and zoom to it so that the entire time range of the marker is visible and selected You can click on a marker on the Marker List to jump to it or double click on it to select its time range and zoom to it 31 Reference Guide Editing Markers MarkerTest2 wav 3 0 00 0 07 File Description 0 01 0 03 Range 1 Select marker EH 0 03 0 04 Range 2 Vv 0 04 Point 1 v 0 05 Point 2 0 01 20 0 02 56m Range 1 Edit marker text here Press TAB or ESC to leave this window Figure 4 16 Editing Markers in the File Marker List You can edit the text and color of a marker in the lower half of the File Marker List window If this window is not visible you can bring it up by clicking on Markers gt Show File Marker List
82. n and music theory Overtone Sliders may also be called Note Sliders depending on the context of use Main elements of Overtone Sliders The following image shows an Overtone Slider with four harmonics where the fundamental frequency is 110 Hz On the piano this would be an A Each harmonic has a frequency that is a multiple of the fundamental Therefore the second harmonic has a frequency of 2 110 Hz 220 Hz the third one 330 Hz and so on A Overtone Sizer Handle motu Click on label to play Ctri Click to select 4 A4 440Hz Second Harmonic First Overtone 2 A3 220Hz Fundamental Tone First Harmonic 1 A2 110Hz V Undertone O Sizer Handle Move Slider Handle Figure 4 17 Main elements of Overtone Sliders The image also shows the basic elements of the slider including the controls that you can use to manipulate an Overtone Slider with the mouse Slider Labels The labels show the number of the harmonic and optionally the note name and frequency This appearance can be adjusted on the Note Sliders dialog and on the toolbar You can click on Labels to play them The instrument used for playing them can be selected by the Overtone Instrument on the Audio Settings dialog You can select one or more Labels with Ctrl Click Press on Sliders Play selected tones or press Enter to play them Slider Lines Lines can be moved with the mouse The l
83. n of the sound Most spectrum analyzers are optimized for experts with a background in the physics of sound Musicians and voice teachers are not normally trained to read physical data Hence it is useful for musicians to relate the physical representation of the sound to the musical terms that they are familiar with Therefore we started to add visual aids to the spectrum analyzer that make the visual representation of frequencies accessible to musicians directly and intuitively The addition of a musical staff and a piano keyboard already simplified things greatly A further step to enhance the understandability of spectrograms was to switch from the linear frequency scale that is common in physics to the logarithmic scale that is more familiar to musicians because it more closely models how the ear perceives pitch The overtone sliders highlight the relationship between a fundamental and its overtones in a direct and intuitive way and helps simplify the understanding of the sometimes very complex spectrograms Many other programs are also not very practical to use Overtone Analyzer has been refined through much feedback from people who use it daily to record their voice students or their instruments It is not simply a tool for analyzing sounds it also helps to collect and manage a large set of recordings 1 2 What can you do with Overtone Analyzer As a software application for recording and exploring sound especially the sound of the voice
84. neeeneeeeneeees 44 4 30 Piano and Overtone Instruments cett ERR R ER RET REDI ERR e BERE E TRES e E Mb eo Pete 44 4 31 DEVICE OPUS RC roaa re Daria od Unreleased 46 4 32 NAS err PERDRE SRI ECT RENE RR RP ME 48 4 33 Analyzer View Settings iicet a eras 51 4 34 Colormap Editor ite tee e te iR vans ratita 52 4 35 Spectrum with interpolated colormap sssssssssssssesene ee e enm enne he m emen nre 53 4 36 Spectrum with discrete colormap irte med eerte rote EE Eye ER cases ER era RR EP SEES 53 4 37 Scale Settings ces iere ida a 54 4 38 Linear and Logarithmic Frequency Scale essessessss e meme mennhenren 55 4 39 Note Slider Settings o eere derer eed sete enter ete ve De pe ye Py ez ee PEEE ULP EP dera 57 4 40 SATB Voice Range Profile sessioni isses etre reo Per Ere esset lei Ere ren 59 Overtone Analyzer 4 41 The standard voice fange profile syrsorna ea Fenopy Ue gebe re ee pea Oh EAE eT ER DERE eue des 59 4 42 The Oyertone Technique Profile 5 ire eere eet eye east edet e estote er beet Ur le gs 59 4 43 Keyboard Shortcuts cbs sed etuer sete et ch vc cute thea hes dens tees ex REC nte ce ste torte a tg Pent en o tdeo a dio Qe e tes 61 4 44 Fonts and Colors dialog 5 e UE Ae e ER Ir et REUS 66 4 45 Spectrogram with color smoothing enabled sssessesseee He 68 4 46 Spectrogram with color smoothing turned off seessssssessseseee eene
85. notes played on the piano The colored areas in the background indicate the ambitus the range from lowest to highest singable note of the singing voices and of the singable overtones Analyzer View This is the main view of Overtone Analyzer and contains output from the analyzer such as spectrum spectrogram and pitch as well as note overtone sliders rulers markers and frequency filters Timeline The Timeline shows an overview of the entire recording or loaded audio file as a waveform The Timeline also acts like a scrollbar and lets you navigate through a long recording by moving the current range slider with the mouse 18 Reference Guide Status Bar The status bar shows context help and status information If the mouse cursor points at something that can be clicked or manipulated with the mouse the status bar will show details about the specific operations that you can perform If the mouse cursor is over the Analyzer View the Status Bar will show the time frequency note name and intensity of the recording at the current mouse cursor position The Status Bar also has a slider for the main output volume 19 Reference Guide 4 1 2 Scrolling and Zooming Overtone Analyzer is designed to make it easy to change parameters and to see the effects of those changes immediately The most important parameters that are changed frequently are the displayed time range and the displayed frequency range The other frequently chan
86. ns 74 Reference Guide 4 4 Editing Audio Files 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 6 This section explains how to perform editing operations such as cutting and copying inserting silence fading and normalization Most of those commands are found in the Edit Menu Some also have toolbar buttons and all of them can be accessed through customizable keyboard shortcuts Undo Redo The Undo and Redo commands revert or restore the last action that has been performed The commands can be found in the Edit Menu and on the Toolbar The toolbar buttons for Undo and Redo can show a history of all commands Cut Copy The clipboard commands Cut Copy and Paste work mostly like you would expect from any other program You can select a parts of your recording or the entire file and copy or cut it Doing so will put the copied section on the clipboard so that it can be pasted elsewhere Paste Once you have copied or cut a piece of a recording you can insert it with the paste command If you simply place the cursor somewhere and paste the audio data will be inserted at this position If you make a selection and paste the pasted audio data will replace the current selection 1 Note Pasting across files only works when the receiving file is an empty new file or if the files have the same sampling rate and channel format Overtone Analyzer does not perform any automatic file format conversions during paste De
87. one small difference Harmonics are counted such that the fundamental is the first harmonic while overtones are counted such that the first overtone is the second harmonic The harmonic series is the set of frequencies that are all integer multiples of a fundamental frequency Hertz is the unit of frequency to indicate the number of cycles per second of a periodic phenomenon It is named after the German physicist Heinrich Hertz The intensity is a measure of how loud or strong a signal is The Waveform shows the intensity of the entire recording for each point in time while the Spectrum shows the intensities of the individual frequency components The intensity can be measured as amplitude or in decibel The intensity is not identical to the loudness of the whole signal or of the frequency components because the human ear perceives different frequencies differently For example if two tones are played with the same intensity one with 100Hz and the other with 1000Hz a human listener might hear one as louder than the other even though they have the same amplitude when leaving the speaker The intensity that Overtone Analyzer can show is therefore not the loudness experienced by a human listener but the sound pressure level recorded by the microphone Short form of linear Opposite of logarithmic On a linear scale numbers with the same distance have the same difference 82 Glossary Log Long term view Marker MIDI M
88. ono Note Slider Oscilloscope Overtone Overtone Slider Partial tone Pitch Short form of logarithmic Opposite of linear A log scale can be useful to display numbers that range from very small to very large especially values that represent quantities perceived by humans On a log scale numbers with the same distance to each other have the same ratio whereas on a linear scale numbers with the same distance have the same difference The piano has a log scale All octaves are the same distance apart as each octave is a doubling of the frequency If the piano is projected on a linear scale the piano keys become progressively wider The long term view is part of the Analyzer View and shows things that span a relatively long range of time such as a Spectrogram a melody or a musical piece The long term view has a frequency scale and a time scale A marker marks a specific point in time or a time range in a recording It can hold text to name and describe the area of interest Markers can be used as searchable bookmarks to easily find specific points in a recording and to add comments and notes There are four types of markers Auto Markers Range Markers Point Markers and the File Description Short for Musical Instrument Digital Interface a standard protocol to encode messages to electronic instruments In Overtone Analyzer MIDI output is used to play the keys of the piano keyboard and of overtone sliders It can be s
89. onsecutive harmonics have the same distance on the screen but the piano keys get wider for higher frequencies With the logarithmic frequency scale all piano keys have the same size but higher harmonics are spaced more and more closely than the lower ones The logarithmic scale represents how the ear perceives pitch Towards the lower end of the scale we can distinguish very small frequencies and hear them as different notes On the upper end of the scale each note covers a much wider frequency range The logarithmic scale is therefore more suitable for analyzing music as it shows much more detail in the lower note range Orientation This setting simply determines whether the frequency scale is aligned horizontally or vertically Musical Notes This group of settings controls how note names are shown on the piano keyboard and on the overtone sliders Accidental This determines if the notes on the black keys of the piano are displayed with the sharp or flat sign You can also right click into the Staff View to switch the accidental Concert Pitch A Here you can set the frequency of the concert pitch that is used as a reference for all other tones By default the concert pitch A is 440Hz Notation System You can choose between three different notation systems Helmholtz Notation This system is used mainly in German speaking countries The notes on the piano range from A2 to C and then from c c5 Notice the use of both upper and lowe
90. oolbar with most buttons that are available including controls to set the frequency scale range 79 Chapter 5 Sample Uses This section contains various tutorials for common tasks that can be done with Overtone Analyzer Since it will contain many tutorial videos it is only found online at www sygyt com en sample uses http www sygyt com en sample uses 80 Glossary Ambitus Amplitude Analyzer View Auto Marker Bit Depth Cent Clipping Decibel dB Dynamic Range Fast Fourier Transform FFT FFT Window Function File Marker List The ambitus of a voice is the range or the distance between the highest and the lowest singable note The staff view can show the typical ambitus of speaking and singing voices and of singable overtones The amplitude is the maximum value of a signal over a given period of time This correlates to the intensity and to the perceived loudness of a signal It has no unit but is scaled into the range 1 1 where 1 and 1 represent the largest values that a particular file format can encode The Analyzer View is the central window in Overtone Analyzer and contains one or two sub windows that can show the Spectrogram the Spectrum or both An Auto Marker is a type of Marker that is automatically created for each recorded segment In other words every time you press record and then stop a new auto marker is created to mark the recorded time period Same as sample s
91. overtone Pitch is a perceptual property of a sound that corresponds to the frequency of a tone Pitch allows to classify tones as higher or lower Pitch is not a purely objective physical property because a human listener may perceive the pitch of a tone differently from its measurable fundamental frequency However in Overtone Analyzer pitch and frequency of a sound are used mostly synonymously 83 Glossary Playback Cursor Point Marker Profiles Range Marker Ruler Sample Sample Size Sampling Rate Short term view Spectrogram Spectrum Staff View Other word for Time Cursor especially during Playback A Point Marker is a type of Marker which marks a specific point in time and has no range Profiles are a set of user settings that can be stored and retrieved Profiles can contain most settings that can be changed by the user such as the range of the frequency scale the arrangement of toolbar buttons or the display configuration When a profile is saved the current state of those settings is written into the profile When the profile is later activated all affected settings will be set to the value in the profile A Range Marker is a type of Marker that marks a period of time with a beginning and an end A ruler is a visual aid that marks a specific frequency or amplitude Over the Spectrogram rulers are similar to Overtone Sliders in that they represent a frequency However contra
92. ponding tone by clicking on them This is explained in the section called Selecting Tones Once you have clicked on a slider label that slider has the input focus and you can use the arrow keys on the keyboard to quickly move up and down the harmonic series Snapping Sliders When moving sliders it can be useful to snap the manipulated line to some reference This may be a music note a nearby peak in the spectrum or another slider You can control the current snapping behavior on the toolbar on the slider settings dialog and by using keyboard modifiers when moving a slider as explained in Table 4 2 Overtone Slider Mouse Commands Fixate sliders on screen or on Timeline By default sliders are fixated to the screen When the underlying recording moves in time the sliders stay at the same position on the screen This allows you to use a small number of sliders as a reference for example when practicing pitch or when measuring the overtones in a sound The Sliders can also be fixated to the Timeline when the option Fixate note sliders on screen is not checked In that case each slider has a specific start and end time like the notes in a piece of music This can be used to transcribe the notes in a recording or to construct new compositions or scales In this mode the Timeline shows a miniature view of all the note sliders in a recording 0 00 5 0 01 0 0 01 5 0 02 0 0 02 5 0 03 0 0 03 5 0 04 0 0 04 5 m s 7 T a ye ap
93. r Now click on Filters Mute filtered frequencies to invert the filter Instead of keeping only the frequencies inside of it it now punches a hole in the spectrum by filtering out the frequencies inside of it To see this more clearly set the brightness slider on the toolbar to 10 dB and set the contrast slider to 40 dB Drag the Frequency Filter to cover the range from 400 to 700 Hz so that it removes the second harmonic in the recording 14 Quickstart Tutorial vibrato female ogg Overtone Analyzer JE mes File Edit View Filters Markers Sliders Tools Window Help Puno C D 1 amp m ee s Frequency Hz Time s O 45 40 35 30 25 Intensity dB 0 5 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 35 Time s vibrato female ogg v Click set cursor Click drag select time range Mouse wheel zoom Ctrl mouse wheel zoom timeline Double click set note slider 1 92s B4 42ct 50 Figure 3 14 Subtractive Frequency Filter Notice in Figure 3 14 how the Spectrum shows an outline of the second harmonic while the other harmonics are in color Once again start playback and move the filter up and down to hear its effect To remove the filter click on the box on its top right corner 3 10 Overtone Slider The Frequency Filter enables you to listen to the individual harmonics or overtones in a recording and the Overtone Slider is a tool that allows you to easily count the overtones and to see which note
94. r case Scientific Notation This notation is more common in English speaking countries The notes on the piano range from AO to C8 55 Reference Guide Piano Keyboard Notation In this system the keys are numbered from 1 to 88 as they would appear on a real piano counting white and black keys This notation is mainly used by piano tuners Draw note frequencies in Analyzer View background If this option is checked thin lines will be drawn in the Analyzer View background that represent the frequencies of notes on the piano 56 Reference Guide 4 2 7 Note Slider Settings Options mE i Note Sliders F8 Number of note sliders 1 gx Note Slider Labels 7 show note name E hide middle labels FP undertone octaves only Y show frequency E transparency 42 7 E play top labels Snapping D no snapping snap to nearest musical note D snap to nearest peak in spectrum Editing E highlight note borders Figure 4 39 Note Slider Settings On this dialog you can adjust the appearance and behavior of the Overtone Sliders which are also called Note Sliders Most of those settings can also be found on the toolbar Fixate note sliders on screen If this setting is active the note sliders are fixated on the screen and will stay in the same position regardless of how the time range of the Analyzer View is changed In Overtone Analyzer Free Edition the
95. r each vowel are not exact The chart just gives a general idea of the frequency range where a certain vowel may be heard Clicking on the Vowel Chart will move the lower two Frequency Rulers to the corresponding position If necessary two new Frequency Rulers will be created The frequency ranges and the scale mode of the Vowel Chart can be adjusted in the advanced settings or by right clicking on the Vowel Chart 38 Reference Guide 4 1 9 Timeline and Waveform The Waveform and the Timeline are closely related and show the same information which is how the intensity or volume of the recording changes over time The difference is that the Timeline shows a larger time range than the Spectrogram while the Waveform always shows the same time range as the Spectrogram It can be useful to display both views when working with longer recordings where the Timeline provides an overview over the whole recording and the Waveform shows a detailed view of the current time range If the Waveform is hidden you can show it by clicking on View Waveform Figure 4 22 Waveform and Timeline Figure 4 22 shows the Timeline at the bottom and the Waveform at the top The Timeline shows the whole recording which is 17 seconds long The Time Range Slider at the bottom highlights the range from 5 0 to 7 0 seconds this is the range shown on the Waveform and on the Spectrogram which is not shown in this image The Time Cursor is at 6 0 seconds
96. rence Guide s l 400 500 600 700 800 Figure 4 12 Subtractive filter Mode Change filter strength By default the filters are an all or nothing affair This can be changed by moving the Filter Strength Slider shown in Figure 4 10 Deactivate filter This button allows you to turn off a filter so that it is still there but has no effect If you want to reactivate the filter simply click the button again This allows you to experiment with the effect of the filter Delete filter When you are done with a filter click this button to completely remove it Filters menu The Filters menu has entries to add a new filter and to toggle between the and modes It also has the following entries Enable real time filter preview If this option is checked the effect of the filter is shown immediately both on the spectrogram and for playback This means you can see and hear how your recording is affected by the filter You can generally leave this on but in some cases it may be helpful to turn it off In particular you might want to arrange filters and still see the unmodified spectrogram before turning the filters on Apply filters permanently This command will apply the active filters to the current selection of your recording In contrast to the real time preview which does not change your sound file this is a permanent alteration of the recording although it can be undone by clicking on Edit Undo 29 Referenc
97. requency Rulers mark a specific frequency They can be created by right clicking on the Frequency Scale as shown in Figure 4 21 and selecting Insert new ruler here To move a ruler you can click and drag it on the Frequency Scale To delete a ruler right click on it on the Frequency Scale and then select Delete this ruler You can also delete it by dragging it out of the visible range Amplitude Rulers Amplitude Rulers work in the same way as Frequency Rulers except that they are created and moved by clicking on the Amplitude Scale and that they mark a specific amplitude instead of a frequency The Vowel Chart The Vowel Chart can be used to explain how sounds of specific frequencies form recognizable vowels This is based on the finding that vowels in many languages are created by amplifying two frequencies in the oral cavity The chart shows the first frequency on the horizontal axis and the second frequency on the vertical axis On the chart are several symbols from the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA The location of the symbol gives the approximate first and second frequencies that form the corresponding vowel If the Vowel Chart is not visible you can enable it by clicking on View Vowel Chart At the top of the chart is a list box that lets you select a language There may be several entries for some languages because different researchers have identified different frequencies for each vowel In any case the two frequencies fo
98. requency in the vocal tract The vocal tract has multiple resonance tones that will amplify sound with the frequency of that tone The sound can come from the vocal chords but it may also come from other sources The literature on the voice does not always clearly distinguish between formants and overtones Overtones are frequency components of a sound that may be amplified by the vocal tract if they match the frequency of a formant The frequency is the number of cycles per second The unit of frequency is the hertz Hz The frequency of a sound wave determines its pitch Frequency Filters are a tool to isolate individual parts of a recording in the frequency domain and make them louder or quieter This allows for example to listen only to specific frequencies in a recording or to take them away entirely The frequency resolution of the Spectrum is the difference in Hz between two frequencies that the analyzer can distinguish The frequency resolution can be set on the Analyzer Settings dialog Smaller values show more detail in the Spectrum and Spectrogram but they also require more processing power and can make the program slower For a tone that has multiple harmonic components the fundamental tone is the frequency that forms the base of an overtone scale that contains all these harmonics In most cases the fundamental is the pitch that a human listener will identify when hearing the tone Harmonic is another word for overtone with
99. resent it may be necessary to delete them before normalization 75 Reference Guide F Normalize mm Normalizing time range 0 000 to 1 178 Current maximum 26 3 dB Normalize maximum amplitude to 0 5 dB v Co h ce jJ teo Figure 4 48 Normalize Dialog Current maximum The largest intensity of the current selection Normalize maximum amplitude to This is the new value that the current maximum will be raised to If the current maximum is already equal to or larger than this value nothing will happen 4 4 7 Replace with silence This command replaces the current selection with silence This is different from the Delete command in that the recording retains its length when Replace with silence is invoked while with Delete the recording is shortened 4 4 8 Insert silence This command will insert silence at the current cursor position It will open a dialog where you can specify the duration of the silence that you wish to insert If you later wish to quickly insert the same amount of silence again you can press the shortcut for the Reinsert silence command 4 4 9 Fade in Fade out These commands will change the volume of the current selection so that it gradually fades into zero If you have copied and pasted part of a recording to a new file the fade commands can be applied to the edges of this segment to avoid any loud pops or clicks at the beginning and end 76 Reference Guide 4 5
100. ry to sliders rulers have no label no overtones and cannot be played They are simply a visual tool A single measurement of sound pressure or amplitude In a digital recording sound is stored as a sequence of numbers A sound wave travels through the air and moves the membrane of a microphone The microphone converts this mechanical movement into an electrical current and the sound card reads out this current many times per second and stores each sample as a number that can be further processed by the computer The number of bits of each sample in a digital recording Common values are 16 24 and 32 bit Larger values can represent a larger dynamic range of intensities The number of discrete measurements or samples per second stored in a digital audio recording The sampling rate determines the frequency range that can be represented by an audio file The highest representable frequency is half the sampling rate For example in a file with a sampling rate of 44100 Hz the highest frequency that can be displayed in the Spectrum is 22050 Hz Common values are 44100 samples per second for CD Quality sound or 48000 96000 and 192000 samples per second for studio quality sound The short term view is part of the Analyzer View and shows things that span a relatively short range of time such as a single Spectrum The short term view has a frequency scale and an intensity scale However the intensity scale only applies to the Spectrum
101. s For a more detailed description of the interface elements introduced here have a look at the chapter called User Interface in the Reference Guide The chapter Sample Uses has tutorials for specific tasks and workflows 17 Chapter 4 Reference Guide This section explains the user interface of Overtone Analyzer and the different program settings 4 1 User Interface 4 1 1 Overview Here is an overview of the main elements of the Overtone Analyzer user interface vowel sequence 2b third higher wav Overtone Analyzer Lo File Edit View Filters Markers Sliders Tools Window Help M b HQ b un ws EF d a fei o sil 2 wa BAIE 7 6 m Gaa elect Profile gt 3 z Toolbar J d lax o e D 0 o 2 Staff View E amp Pian Analyzer View m 300 400 200 Timeline 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 5 130 135 TZU TAS vowel sequence Click set cursor Click drag select time range Mouse wheel zoom Ctrl mouse wheel zoom timeline Double click A G3 22ct 198 56Hz 22 8 dB Status Bar Figure 4 1 User Interface Overview Toolbar The Toolbar provides quick access to many functions of the program Staff View amp Piano The Piano is a playable keyboard You can click on individual tones or use Ctrl Click to select entire chords and play them with the Play selected tones command The Staff View shows a musical staff It also shows the current
102. s of the program The main steps to remember are Select the microphone to be used by right clicking on the Input Volume control on the toolbar Ctrl Space starts the recording Space will start playback or stop the current recording or playback Always monitor the input volume during recording to prevent clipping Use the mouse on the Frequency Scale and Time Scale for scrolling and zooming Click amp drag to scroll use the mouse wheel or the 1 and 2 keys for zooming The Long term view shows a time range with the Spectrogram and or fundamental pitch The Short term view shows a detailed close up of the time where the cursor is in the Long term view Make a time selection by clicking and dragging on the Spectrogram The selection will be played in a loop if looping is enabled You can lock the selection to be able to click into it to position the playback cursor The Spectrum shows the intensity or volume of the individual frequency components of a sound The Spectrogram shows how the Spectrum changes over time Adjust the brightness and contrast sliders on the toolbar to show the desired amount of detail in the Spectrogram and Spectrum 16 Quickstart Tutorial The Frequency Filter can filter out individual harmonics or frequency ranges and allows to listen to them individually or to remove them Use the Overtone Slider to count and hear the theoretical harmonics that belong to a particular tone Next Step
103. s stored into the current profile 4 5 1 Workflow Creating profiles First bring the program into a state that you want to save Now click on Tools Manage profiles to bring up the Profile Manager 2 Press Create New to create a new profile or press Rename Copy to make a copy of the current profile Choose a name for your profile that indicates its purpose 77 Reference Guide 3 Then select the categories that you want stored in this profile by clicking on the various entries in the category list such as Frequency Scale Timezoom etc 4 Now press Save settings to current profile to store the current state of the program into your profile 5 Optionally you can also add a description for your profile and assign a keyboard shortcut to it Using profiles To apply a profile select it from the list of existing profiles on the toolbar This is the listbox that says Select profile If the profile has a keyboard shortcut you can press that to apply the profile If you are in the Profile Manager press Apply to activate the current profile Applying a profile means that the settings stored in the profile are applied to the program This is the same as adjusting these settings by hand and it is instantaneous For example the profile Standard Frequency Range sets the frequency scale to range from 65 Hz to 4186 Hz When you apply this profile the frequency scale is set to this range as if you had manually set this range by
104. sliders are always fixated on the screen When the sliders are not fixated on the screen each slider belongs to a specific time range of the recording like the notes in a piece of music This allows to represent an entire recording as a melody comprised of musical notes which can also be exported as a MIDI file Number of Overtone Sliders This is the number of distinct sliders shown Each slider can have a separate fundamental frequency The number of sliders can only be changed through this control if the sliders are fixated on the screen Otherwise sliders can be added and deleted through the commands Tools gt Insert note slider at selection and Tools gt Delete note selected sliders Note Slider Labels Show note name Show the name of a slider s note such as A3 12ct The second part of the name shows the difference in cent between the exact pitch of the slider and the named note on the piano Show frequency Show the pitch of a slider s frequency such as 220 Hz Hide middle labels If this option is activated the note name and frequency will only be shown for the fundamental and for the highest displayed overtone and the lowest displayed undertone of each slider 57 Reference Guide Transparency This option makes the sliders transparent so that the spectrogram underneath can still be seen This can make it easier to position sliders accurately The amount of transparency requires some experimentation for each si
105. st USB microphone that you can afford The models from Samson are good for beginners and have a good price performance ratio If you want something better get an external USB audio interface together with a professional condenser microphone Another interesting option is a mobile recorder that can be used as a USB audio interface such as the Olympus LS series These devices can provide excellent performance for their price category when used as a microphone and have the added benefit of being a stand alone mobile recorder that is always at hand Position the microphone as far away from the computer as possible to minimize the pick up of noise from the computer or get a silent computer Be aware that many monitors also emit some sound especially at lower brightness levels Most of these ambient noises can be seen in the recording and should be avoided as much as possible Chapter 3 Quickstart Tutorial This guide will show you how to record and visualize your voice or instrument with Overtone Analyzer If you have no idea what to do with Overtone Analyzer this is the place to start It will also show you how to use the main user interface elements of the program This quickstart guide is intended to be a short introduction You can find more detailed explanations of everything in the Reference Guide Important Some of the features shown in this guide are only available in Overtone Analyzer Live and Premium but not in the Free Edition W
106. stand the role of overtones in their compositions can use Overtone Analyzer to learn the necessary background knowledge about overtone music Very few professional musicians are familiar with the phenomenon of overtone singing since this is not yet taught in most music schools The software supports composers in relating ambitus vocal range vocal technique and harmony of the singable overtones Analyzing existing recordings gives insights into the sound and the expressive abilities of individual artists These are just a few examples of possible applications of Overtone Analyzer Of course there are no limits to one s imagination for example the author analyzed the sound of dolphins to sing them as overtones 1 4 How to use this manual This manual can be used in several ways If you already know what you want to do and simply need to know how certain things work have a look through the Reference Guide When you are using the program and need help with a dialog box a settings window that is currently open click on its Help button or press Fl to bring up the online help for this dialog If you want some ideas of what can be done with Overtone Analyzer have a look at the chapter Sample Uses It contains a list of tutorials and usage examples that will be continually expanded over time To simply get yourself started go to the Quickstart Guide and at the User Interface Overview 1 4 1 Terminology used in this document A menu choice is
107. tch The frequency axis is shown in Hertz cycles per second abbreviated Hz and the intensity axis is shown in decibel dB The loudest possible tone has 0 dB and all tones quieter than that have a negative decibel value In Figure 4 5 the first spectral peak is at about 200 Hz and has an intensity of 25 dB The second peak is louder It has a frequency of about 400 Hz and an intensity of 9 dB The cursor cross hair is snapped to the second peak at 400 Hz The pitch display the straight blue line shows a fundamental pitch of about 200 Hz which corresponds to the note G3 6ct The range of the intensity scale can be adjusted with the dynamic range slider on the toolbar The range of the frequency scale can be adjusted on the Scale settings dialog or on the Scale Range toolbar All scales can also be zoomed and scrolled with the mouse To scroll the scale range left click and drag a scale To zoom it point at the scale and use the mouse wheel If you don t have a mouse wheel you can also point the cursor at the scale and use the the 1 and 2 keys to zoom You can select different color schemes and display types for the spectrum display in the program options in particular on the Analyzer View settings dialog and the Colormap Editor Spectrogram Display The Spectrogram Display is very similar to the spectrum but instead of a single spectrum it shows a series of spectra over time 24 Reference Guide Freque Figur
108. this is the green vertical line Navigating with the Timeline Since the Timeline shows an overview of the entire recording you can use it to navigate to specific points in your recording Simply click on it anywhere to jump to that position You can also move the Time Range Slider with the mouse when you point at the middle of the slider where the mouse cursor changes into a hand Waveform dynamic range You can zoom the range of values shown on the Waveform and Timeline through the amplitude scale by pointing the mouse cursor at it and then using the mouse wheel or by pressing the 1 and 2 keys You can also left click and drag the scale to scroll its range This is explained in more detail in the chapter scrolling and zooming Timeline zoom The Timeline itself can be zoomed by pointing at it and then holding Ctrl and using the mouse wheel You can also show the Timeline Zoom Slider in the View menu and use that to zoom the Timeline Oscilloscope When the Waveform is zoomed out to show a relatively long time range each pixel on the screen shows the maximum amplitude for all the audio samples represented by the time range of that pixel When you zoom in very close the displayed time range becomes so small that individual audio samples become visible In that case the Waveform looks like an oscilloscope ime S Figure 4 23 Fully zoomed in Waveform as oscilloscope 39 Reference Guide Waveform display modes PREMIUM Note
109. tuation It can be adjusted here but the transparency can also be adjusted through a slider on the status bar Undertone octaves only This option will hide all undertones that are not an octave of the fundamental This can be useful when constructing scales where tones are used across many octaves Play top labels Checking this option will cause the highest visible overtone of each slider to be played together with the fundamental when the fundamental is played by clicking on it This can be used to play overtone melodies together with the fundamental Snapping When moving a slider along the frequency axis while this option is enabled the slider will snap to the nearest piano note or spectral peak This behavior can be reversed when the ALT key is pressed while moving a slider for more keyboard modifiers including the possibility to snap to other sliders refer to Table 4 2 Overtone Slider Mouse Commands no snapping The sliders can be moved freely snap to nearest musical note The slider will snap to the frequency that represents the nearest note on the piano snap to nearest peak in spectrum The slider will snap to the nearest maximum in the spectrum This allows to accurately measure the loudest frequencies in a recording Editing highlight note borders Checking this option will draw the note borders with high contrast which can be useful when editing note sliders 58 Reference Guide 4 2 8 Fundamental Ran
110. ue a qe ee SX d daa LO ee A tenes el Le e a Me Ag AD 0 30 0 40 0 50 1 00 1 10 1 20 1 30 1 40 1 50 m s Figure 4 20 Note Sliders fixated to the Timeline Figure 4 20 shows a recording that is about 2 minutes long In the upper part of the image the spectrogram shows the first five seconds The lower part contains the Timeline with on overview of the entire piece including a miniature view of the Note Sliders The lower line shows the fundamentals and the upper line shows the highest overtones for each note Editing Note Sliders Insert note slider at selection When the sliders are fixated to the screen you can simply add more sliders by increasing the number of sliders on the slider settings dialog or on the toolbar This doesn t work when the sliders are fixed in time Instead you can select a period of time and then click on Sliders gt Insert note slider at selection The slider will be inserted for the selected time period and it will have the frequency of the most common fundamental of this period If you don t see the new slider scroll the frequency scale or zoom it out Use Note Transcription Tool To speed up the workflow of selecting a time range and inserting a new slider for consecutive notes you can use the Note Transcription Tool in the Sliders menu When the tool is activated the mouse cursor will change to have a note symbol 36 Reference Guide Now you can simply click on the boundaries of consecut
111. ute IRI REI ae set uae bean ches isa 52 4 2 6 Scale Set ngs idee eerte d iR eR ag eee cet ae eee EE Ter Sa DR 54 4 2 7 Note Slider Settings ctc eee eere ue get pe cesbv eese setpe ye desi Pv ee dete s 57 4 2 8 Fundamental Ranges eripe eer rbd rte ER FREE EROR Er e ista 59 4 2 9 Keyboard Shortcuts cmo a PEE IY EUM 61 4 2 10 Fonts and Colors cias Pte ete resp Rr ghe dette Par cope EC pes 66 4 2 11 Advanced Settings 1 nion RII UR 67 4 3 Loading and Saving rne erre DR per re es reci pe ra ERR ERE 71 4 3 1 Loading and saving Audio Files ssssssesseee e emere 71 4 3 2 Saving Images and Screenshots ooocoooconncnoncnnccnnorononononnornnornnoronoronornn ro menn he nhe 72 4 3 3 Loading and Saving Overtone Slider Layouts coooconoccnccnnccnnocnncnnncnnoconccnnccnnccnnccnncons 73 4 4 Editing Audio A ttr Dr E Pei RR Perro Erie 75 111 Overtone Analyzer 44 1 Undo Redo o eot O 75 4 42 Gut 4 OO oD AEE eese E lla 75 24 95 Paste zio A A acu eR m etus RIGE 75 24 4 Delete rere eed deseo eae nde e Presence erster edere 75 AAS Crop to select esposo eoe dre pee eee eee aede e ex dee pe veu cous xe pe gr etd e eue 75 4 4 6 Normaltze 3 eere ro e dee doi a Pe eve de ra A eee P eed E P ELA eR ad 75 4 4 7 Replace with silence ide tes eo eee bun et OR dtr tette 76 44 8 Insert silence A ERIT PERDRE HE 76 44 9 Fade A rre ee vac bye vere OSEE esque de deer epos uec bep tum 76
112. window and one note slider in the second window Move the sliders in the first window so that they have different frequencies Then click on their labels Note that the slider in the second window always jumps to the label on which you clicked in the first window When you load an existing recording in the first window and have a new recording in the second window the practice mode can be used to practice the pitch and timbre of individual notes in an existing piece one by one Loading and saving sliders When a recording that contains Note Sliders is saved the sliders are automatically saved in the file for most file formats However it is also possible to save the sliders into a separate file for example to save the note track after a file has been transcribed This is described in Section 4 3 3 Loading and Saving Overtone Slider Layouts 37 Reference Guide 4 1 8 Rulers and the Vowel Chart Rulers are laid over of the spectrogram or waveform They are a visual guide that highlights a specific frequency or amplitude The Vowel Chart shows the two frequencies that are needed to form specific vowels in various languages Vowel Chart Amplitude Ruler i H on Waveform Second Frequency Rulers on Spectrogram Right click scale to create ruler First Formant 50 40 30 0a 2013 02 04 04 E 300 400 First Formant dB Figure 4 21 Rulers and the Vowel Chart Frequency Rulers F

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