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instruNet® Users Manual

1. AA AAA D 8 1 instruNet User s Manual TC 5 Ch 1 Installation Chapter 9 instruNet BASIC Overview Software License BASIC Page Buttons Benefits Print Digitized Channels Example Feedback Control Example Channel Setup and Calibration Example File I O Example Programming Example Mathematical Expressions Logical Operators Conditionals Basic Functions Round Off Functions Statistical Functions String Functions instruNet Hardware Trig Functions Temperature Conversion Functions Numerical Constants Base Keywords Time Keywords Debugging Objects Program Code Commands Pages amp Buttons Variables Strings Defines Object Database Comments Channel Address Channel Lists Text Files BASIC Files Startup iBs Version 1 25 Code Syntax Command Line item 1 item2 Italics parameter Text Math Expressions r and Floating Point Object Names Object Management Commands Append Clear 1 xL NO NO NO OO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO OQ C9 F2 F2 B2 F2 E02 OOo o0 TC 6 instruNet User s Manual Ch 1
2. 83 iNetErr_ instruNet network error Press Reset Button Try doing things differently Halton and hope it goes away Latest version of instruNet Driver might help 84 iNetErr_ instruNet network error Press Reset Button Try doing things differently QPTQP and hope it goes away Latest version of instruNet Driver might help 85 iNetErr_ instruNet network is busy Press Reset Button Try doing things differently qBusy before digitize and hope it goes away Latest version of instruNet Driver might help 86 iNetErr_ we aborted early Press Reset Button Try doing things differently abort and hope it goes away Latest version of instruNet Driver might help 87 iNetErr_ controller is busy doing Press Reset Button Try doing things differently cBusy something and hope it goes away Latest version of instruNet Driver might help 88 iNetErr_ controller did not finish the Press Reset Button Try doing things differently cNotFin command and hope it goes away Latest version of instruNet Driver might help 89 iNetErr_ code generation segment Latest version of instruNet Driver might help CodeGen error 90 iNetErr_ instruNet network error Press Reset Button Try doing things differently CPTQPbad and hope it goes away Latest version of instruNet Driver might help 91 iNetErr_ compiler error Latest version of instruNet Driver might h
3. 43 iNetErr_ Intention number is out of Make sure the specified intention intention number Intention range parameter is correct See list of valid ion_intention NumOutOf values in interface h file Range We ee eee a Se see Sl 144 iNetErr_ Cannot write to this field Make sure the specified netNum deviceNum ReadOnly read only moduleNum chanNum settingNum Field fieldNum parameters are correct See Chapter 8 45 iNetErr_ Cannot read from this field Make sure the specified netNum deviceNum WriteOnly write only moduleNum chanNum settingNum Field fieldNum parameters are correct See Chapter 8 46 iNetErr_ Tried to set a field with a Make sure the specified netNum deviceNum Field Value value that is too high or low moduleNum chanNum settingNum OutOfRange fieldNum parameters are correct See Chapter 8 47 iNetErr_ ArgType parameter is out Make sure specified argType parameter is correct ArgTypeOut of range See list of valid instruNetDataType values in OfRange interface h file 48 iNetErr_ key was found in Check network cables Make sure a network BadKeyIn the field hierarchy data terminator is properly installed Latest version of Field internal data might be instruNet Driver might help Try pressing Reset Hierarchy corrupted button Resetting computer might hel
4. store open seve T Value Input Channel The Network Page is used to view and set parameters within an instruNet network This page provides a spreadsheet like format to scroll vertically through channels i e sensors and horizontally through the settings for each channel At any time one can click on a cell to open the Probe dialog which is used to view and modify individual settings Ss World z joNet World Se The Record Page is used to Start Stop View in real time Save to disk and Load from Disk waveforms Only channels that have been turned on via the Probe dialog are recorded The sample rate and number of points digitized per channel are specified by pressing the Setup button The Trigger is specified by pressing the Trigger button Figure 5 1 instruNet World Pages Search Test jJ BigTest Open j SaveRs IONET HARDWARE SEARCH RESULTS Date amp Time 11 8 1995 16 28 43 iver Nubus ioNet Controller slot 14 4000 Kb Model 100 Network Device IONET QUICK TEST RESULTS Date amp Time 11 8 1995 16 28 52 We ran 0 542568 million tests and did NOT hit 1 error The Test Page is used to determine what instruNet hardware is attached to your computer and to test all instruNet hardware and software After each test a report is printed to a miniature text editor wi
5. display s channel name label at the right edge of the display The _ Value Input 2 67166 Display dialog will open Choose Genial in the Settings popup Enter the value 20 in the samp rate field User Name as shown to the right and press OK This will cause the top channel to be digitized at 2096 of the master sample rate ERI ERE REED ERE Re RE or 200s sec The channel in the lower displays will continue to run at the master sample rate of 1000s sec Click the Start button to begin digitizing and then click Stop after a few moments Notice how the wave in the top display contains fewer points due to its reduced sample rate as illustrated to the left Click the Setup button at the top of the Record page and then click the Trigger button to open the Trigger dialog as shown in Figure 2 2 instruNet World allows triggering from any channel on either a low to high or high to low transition through a threshold value The threshold is specified in the Thresh EU field and the trigger direction is specified in the Slope field i e low to high or high to low The channel to trigger from is specified by its network address in the Trig Net Trig Dev Trig Mod and Trig Chan fields Three trigger types are allowed as specified in the Trigger field Off Auto and Norm If Off is selected data acquisition begins as soon as the Start button is pressed in the R
6. J Ro Shunt Vexe Vinit alpha delta GF 3 16 v Poisson Thermistor Celsius voltage divider Table 3 1 Sensors that can directly be connected to instruNet instruNet User s Manual 3 1 Ch 3 Connecting to Sensors Connecting a Sensor Directly to instruNet The instruNet voltage input terminals often labeled Vin or Vin can directly connect to a variety of sensors with instruNet software returning values in native engineering units e g degrees Celsius strain Volts Amps ohms This requires wiring the sensor to the instruNet hardware in the appropriate manner and then configuring the instruNet software for your particular sensor as described in the following steps 1 Physically Wire your Sensor to instruNet hardware The first step is to physically wire your sensor to the instruNet hardware per the Hardware Reference guidelines at the end of this chapter Each sensor listed in the previous table is discussed in detail in this reference For example to connect a J Thermocouple one would attach the positive lead of the thermocouple to the instruNet Vin terminal and the negative lead to the Vin terminal The input terminals are protected against over voltage and electrostatic discharge therefore it is not always necessary to power off network devices e g Model 100 while wiring sensors although turning power off is recommended as a good safety practice If your sensor does n
7. INET INT C and INET EXN C are designed to run without a prefix file pulled in before them i e prefix option in the dialog If you do have a prefix that is automatically pulled in you might get some compiler errors and need to debug it a little In general INET_INT c and INET EXN C can run with either 4 or 2 byte int s it assumes short s are 2bytes 8 to 12 byte doubles different struct packing schemes etc These 2 files are designed to be portable across different processors different operating systems and different compilers The INET_INT C file is all you need to add to your project to run instruNet It uses the INET MCS H and INET INT Hinclude files The INET_Ex1 c file contains many useful routines yet you might not want the console to run and therefore you might want to modify INET_EX1 c to your own taste Some lines of code in the example program open the instruNet World window and pass control to instruNet World until the user closes the instruNet World window to return back to the example program Don t let this freak you out 7 Read the example program source code and comments to get a feel for instruNet programming Step through the source code with the debugger to see it runs on a line by line basis Read the documentation in the INET_MCS H and INET_INT H include files Getting Started with Macintosh Symantec C C Compatibility instruNet interf
8. Please type the following into the window Delete Buttons NewButton BASIC Print 3x For to 3 Print channel 1 1 1 1 Nr Next EndButton End Press the Execute button to execute the code A button should appear at the top of the window entitled Print 3x Press this button and notice how the value of channel 1 1 1 1 i e Channel 1 from Network 1 Device 1 and Module 1 is printed three times Press the Save button to save your code to disk in a text file The first line of your program Delete Buttons causes all previously created buttons to be deleted so they do not accumulate each time you run this program The NewButton command creates a new button in the BASIC page with the name Print 3x The code between NewButton and EndButton executes when Print 3x is pressed This button causes a loop to execute 3 times via the For statement The body of the For loop is a simple print statement that prints the value of channel 1 1 1 1 and a carriage return character Congratulations You have now completed your first program What can instruNet BASIC do for ME instruNet BASIC can create more text editor pages within instruNet World for data and notes each with their own tab at the base of the window And BASIC can easily print notes and data to these pages save the text to disk and load text from disk Also with several lines of BASIC code one can spool digitized data to disk in one large t
9. The instruNet BASIC Examples directory contains many simple example programs To learn more about instruNet BASIC please load and run several of these examples and also see Chapter 9 instruNet BASIC instruNet User s Manual Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial Working With Calibration Different Scales amp Mapping instruNet supports Calibration and Converting to different scales e g show psi at sensor instead of Volts at screw terminals with a 2 point mapping scheme All channels have a Mapping settings area that defines the relationship between internal units and external units Internal units are the native units used by instruNet such as Volts External units are what the user sees in the Record page the Network page and the numbers returned by iNet External units are linearly mapped to Internal units and are therefore defined with 4 numbers that define 1 line xj y1 X2 y2 on an Internal Units Vs External Units 2 dimensional coordinate axis plane Sounds a little complicate Imagine a linear temperature sensor that puts out IVolts when dipped in ice water 0 C and 1 Volts when dipped in boiling water 100 C and you want instruNet to display C numbers in the Record page and the Network page To do this one would set the Mapping fields to internal 1 Volts internal 1 0 Volts external 0 C external 100 C And set the Units Label field in the General Settings area to C The Units
10. Specifies the Engineering Units value that corresponds to the top line of a Record page or Probe dialog snapshot display Driver This is used by programmers to hold digitized data For more Driver Ram _15 Defines a buffer in RAM memory that is maintained by the instruNet information please refer to Chapter 4 Programming If Digitize is set to the channel is enabled for digitizing and the digitized data is sent to the Driver Ram buffer at runtime Onj or Off2 Buffer Addr This is the address in RAM memory of the Driver Ram Buffer 0 if not used off The Buffer size corresponds to 1 Scan of data points where each point is stored in a 32bit floating point number 4 bytes per point Ptr Byte Size3 This is the size of the Driver Ram Buffer in Bytes This is often equal to 4 PtsPerScan Scan Num Ing Scan Number of last data point pushed into Driver Ram Buffer 1 numScans Pt Num Ins Point Number of last data point pushed into Driver Ram Buffer 1 PtsPerScan Scan Numg Scan Number of last data point pulled out of Driver Ram Buffer by Access_Digitized_Data_In_Ram_Buffer 1 numScans Pt Num Out7 Point Number of last data point pulled out of Driver Ram Buffer by Access Digitized Data In Ram Buffer 1 PtsPerScan programmers For more information please refer to Chapter 4 File 17 Specifies a file that contains digitized data This is used primari
11. 70 iNetErr_ bad static variable in driver Latest version of instruNet Driver might help Try BadStatic pressing Reset button or Resetting computer Check VarInDriver Interface to and installation of instruNet Driver 71 iNetErr_ bad integer math in driver Latest version of instruNet Driver might help Try BadInteger pressing Reset button or Resetting computer Check MathInDriver Interface to and installation of instruNet Driver da iNetErr_ bad channel Type Latest version of instruNet Driver might help Try BadChannel pressing Reset button or Resetting computer Check Interface to and installation of instruNet Driver 73 iNetErr_ Cpp compiler failed Latest version of instruNet Driver might help Try CppCompiler pressing Reset button or Resetting computer Check DidBad Interface to and installation of instruNet Driver 74 iNetErr_ Memory Manager failed Latest version of instruNet Driver might help Try MemMngr pressing Reset button or Resetting computer Check Failed Interface to and installation of instruNet Driver 15 iNetErr_ Toolbox failed Latest version of instruNet Driver might help Try Toolbox pressing Reset button or Resetting computer Check Failed Interface to and installation of instruNet Driver 76 iNetErr_ CrtRect failed Latest version of instruNet Driver might help Try CrtRect_ pressing Reset button or Resetting computer Check Failed In
12. C such as the Caddock part TN130 resistance 0 025 20 are recommended 5 6 To do temperature measurement using a Thermistor the user must 1 Setthe Sensor field in the Hardware settings area to Thermistor This will cause a series of dialog boxes to appear asking the user several questions about the thermistor type i e resistance at 25 C shunt resistor value and excitation voltage It also recommends an excitation voltage and shunt resistor value based on the thermistor in use and the temperature range of interest in many cases using the recommended values are the best options Based on the responses to these questions instruNet loads the following fields in the Constants setting group with the following information Ro thermistor resistance at 25 C in units of ohms instruNet User s Manual 3 19 Ch 3 Connecting to Sensors Rshunt actual shunt resistance in units of ohms Vout excitation voltage output the Vout screw terminal alpha the a Steinhart amp Hart coefficient delta Rlead Steinhart amp Hart coefficient GF the c Steinhart amp Hart coefficient V poisson the maximum expected temperature in degrees C units Vinit the minimum expected temperature in degrees C units instruNet also sets the Voltage Range field in the Hardware settings area to a value appropriate to the specified temperature range The smaller the temperature range the better the accuracy therefore one should not make the
13. Model 311 and 322 Power Supplies Model 330 Electrical Isolator instruNet User s Manual 6 1 Ch 6 Hardware Reference Model 200 PCI and 220 Nubus instruNet Controllers The Model 200 s and 220 s instruNet Controller boards attach to personal computers via an expansion slot to drive an instruNet network and to provide several Digital Timer I O channels at a 34 pin connector as illustrated in Figure 6 1a Table 6 1 describes the pins at the Controller 34 pin connector Digital HO Connector Device 2 Device 1 3dpin male header A grid 025 posts 57 57 restricted restricted 127 12 el restricted restricted els 12 12V T Chilo Dont Chid Din Dout Cho Din EN 32 bit pProcessor Cha Dout Cha Din Ch Dout Ch Din Ch Dout Che Din ChS Dont ChS Din Ram Buffer Chd D aut Chd Din Ch3 Dout hs Din Che Chz Din ru Chl Daut amp Chil Din 7 Cd 4 Gnd 7 x Gnd 2 Gnl Model 200 BOI Bus connector ioNet He tyork Connector Model 230 PC Card Bus connector Model 220 Nubus connector D B z5 female Fig 6 1a Model 200 and 220 instruNet Controller Connector Layouts Specifications The physical specifications for the Model 200 and 220 Controllers are as follows Digital I O Connector 34 pin male ribbon connector Network Connector DB 25 female connector Network Data Throughput 100Kbits sec to 4 000Kbits sec Dimensions 4 x 7 Operating Temperature Range 0 to 70 C Storage Temperatur
14. Chl Vin or Ch4 Vin After your waves are loaded in they should appear in their displays D Ch4 lin D ioNet prf instruNet User s Manual 2 3 Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial Digitizing Analog Signals into the Computer p Digitize The Setup button at the top of the Record page opens a dialog box that effects the manner in which waves are recorded Click the Setup button to open the Setup dialog as illustrated in Figure 2 1 Record Setup Pts Per Scan 10000 Horiz Scale i E Of Scans Disp Height Sample Rate Plot Scan Mode Oscilloscope Digitize Into To File Type iNet Binary Figure 2 1 The Setup Dialog The Setup dialog is used to set the base sample rate the number of points to be acquired per Scan the number of Scans to be acquired and the recording mode i e oscilloscope or strip chart recorder All instruNet Networks are set up with one base sample rate i e number of points digitized per second and individual channels can have sample rates less than or equal to the base sample rate This allows in effect each channel to have its own sample rate The Sample Rate field sets the base sample rate The Pts Per Scan field determines the amount of data to be collected in each Scan The No of Scans sets the number of Scans to be acquired The Scan Mode popup has three choices Strip Chart Oscilloscope and Oscillo Queued Strip Chart is selected for continuous strip ch
15. arg In 3 1 09 Logarithm base 10 log arg log 3 47 Reciprocal 1 x recip x recip 10 0 1 Square x x sqr x sqr 4 16 Square Root x 1 2 sqrt x sqrt 16 4 x to y th power pow x y 2 3 8 Round Off Function Notation Example Functions Round to closest integer int arg int 3 1 2 3 Round down to integer RndDn arg RndDn 3 1 23 Round up to integer RndUp arg RndUp 3 1 4 Value to right of decimal fract arg fract 1 2345 2345 Statistical Function Notation Example Functions Minimum of x amp y min x y min 9 10 2 9 Maximum of x amp y max x y max 9 10 2 10 Average of x amp y avg x y avg 9 10 2 9 5 String Function Notation Example Functions length of string sLen string sLen abc 3 string compare sCompare s 532 sCompare ab ab 1 string search sSearch s1 s2 sSearch abcdef cd 3 string to ascii value sAscil string sAscii a 97 instruNet Function Notation Example Hardware value of instruNet channel channel n d m c 1 1 1 1 1 2 31351 instruNet User s Manual Ch 9 instruNet BASIC Trig Functions radians units Temperature Conversion Functions Numerical Constants Base Keywords Time Keywords Function Notation Example Cosine radians units cos arg cos 1 54 Sine sin arg sin 13 5 8 Tangent tan arg tan 1 1 55 Arc Cosine acos arg acos 25 1 31 Arc Sine asin arg asin
16. e g off 40Hz 4KHz Each hardware device offers different analog low pass filter options as described in Ch 8 Hardware Reference not all devices support hardware analog filtering Low pass filters cause high frequencies to be rejected while low frequencies are passed Visually the signal becomes smoother To see the effects of various filters view the digitized signal at the bottom of the probe dialog after making different selections you might not be able to do this until you are further along in the set up process 8 Set your Digital filters as needed If you need to do a digital low pass high pass band pass or band stop filter on your digitized waveform please set the fields in the filter Settings areas e g Low Pass High Pass as desired Digital filters are run on the waveform post acquisition and only effect digitized waveforms not single values read by instruNet Please refer to Ch2 Tutorial Setting Digital Filters for an expanded discussion of this powerful feature 9 Consult the Sensor Reference for specifics Carefully implement the Sensor Reference instructions for your particular sensor later in this chapter and read the corresponding footnotes at the end of this chapter Different sensors require different range filter and constants settings and care should be taken to insure accurate results 10 Check your Work To check your work view the incoming signal in realtime at the bottom of the Probe dialo
17. e g the directory that contains the instruNet World program itself To create a startup file develop your script in the instruNet BASIC page and then save it with the name Startup iBs to one of the previously mentioned directories Then exit instruNet World and run it again to see if your startup script executes upon program launch instruNet User Manual Version 1 25 Ch 9 instruNet BASIC Version 1 25 or later of the instruNet software contains the instruNet BASIC feature with documentation in the instruNet BASIC Documentation directory and examples in instruNet BASIC Y Examples Also Chapter 9 of the instruNet Manual contains extensive documentation on this powerful feature Code Syntax Command Line item1 item2 Italics parameter Text Math Expressions r and X A line of instruNet BASIC begins with the name of the command followed by a list of parameters with space characters separating each parameter e g commandName param param2 param3 We don t use commas since they are used by many European nations as decimals e g in Germany 1 2 means 1 2 and instruNet BASIC supports numerical expressions with a comma in the decimal point Brackets are used to describe a parameter that must be passed as one item from a given list where the list is encapsulated in brackets and the items within the list are separated with characters For example the syntax Debug On Off re
18. folder created in step 3 After creating the project choose Project Type in the Project menu and then set the Partition i e application file size to 1500 Also turn the Debugger On in the Project menu unless you want to use less ram at run time and do not want to step though the source code and read the documentation joNet Symantec 68K B v Segment 2 INET EXN C to the project If working on a 68K code in a separate segment add the Symantec MacTraps and MacTraps2 Libraries Macintosh Libraries 68K BH IONC INT C ENTIRE RETE Libraries folder and in another segment add the Symantec ANSI Library in the umero Standard Libraries folder If MacTraps developing ppc code add the ppc at transa equivalents to your project 68K Symantec C Project Select Run from the Project menu The main in file INET EXN C will first run instruNet World You can view and change fields and record data following the directions in Chapter 2 Tutorial When you quit instruNet World the C program will put you in the console window where you can read and write individual fields To exit the console window select Quit from the file menu Some lines of code open the instruNet World window and pass control to instruNet World until the user closes the instruNet World window to return back to the example program Don t let this fre
19. iNet 200s 220s and 230s and the instruNet BASIC License iNet 350 all include a license to the instruNet BASIC Software To register this liscense and enable this feature one must 1 Install the standard instruNet software as describe in the previous pages of this chapter 2 Run the instruNet World application program e g in the instruNet directory and then press the BASIC tab at the bottom of the window 3 Locate your instruNet BASIC License number included with the iNet 200s iNet 220s iNet 230s and iNet 350 This is printed on a sheet of paper entitled instruNet BASIC Software License and is in a zz ssssss yyyyy format 4 Type the following into the BASIC window License zz ssssss yyyyy substituting the number printed on your license document for the zz ssssss yyyyy For example if your license was 23 012345 54321 you would type License 23 012345 54321 ow into the window Please do not place a space before or after the The license is in a Zz ssssss yyyyy format where ssssss matches the serial number of your controller card The license for each controller card is unique If you purchased instruNet BASIC iNet 350 you will need to contact your supplier to make sure you get a license number that matches your controller card 5 Press the Execute button An alert should appear notifying that the license was accepted and was stored in the Operating System directory in a file called iNetLens txt
20. if chlValue gt 3 then SetChannelBit DIO 1 4 if chlValue lt 2 then SetChannelBit DIOS 0 4 if chlValue 5 set Vout depending on Chl Vin SetChannel VOUT3 chlValue 2 else SetChannel VOUT3 chlValue 4 endif endwhile end 9 4 instruNet User Manual Ch 9 instruNet BASIC Channel Setup and Calibration Example The code below sets up a batch of strain gages and a batch of thermocouples For source code similar to this example please see files instruNet BASIC Examples TakeData iBs and file instruNet BASIC Documentation Template doc Defin Defin Define ALLCH NewBu Se Se Se Se Se Se Se Se Se Se Se FT EL x X UEEUEL aC COE Se Se Se Se Se Se EE OY UY OEC ER X Ale EndBu e GAGES 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 strain gages channels e TCs 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 10 thermocouples channels 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 10 allchannels tton Data Setup SETUP STRAIN GAGES F GAGES General Units_Label uStrain vertical units label F GAGES Mapping Scale 1 0e6 Internal to External EU mapping F GAGES Hardware Wiring Q Bridge wiring type F GAGES Hardware Sensor Strain Gage sensor type F GAGES4 Hardware Integrate 0 016 integration secs for 1 reading GAGES Hardware Range 10mv Voltage range in Volts F GAGES Constants Ro 350 bridge resistance in ohm
21. slot 13 2666KBD 7us 95 ale Device iNet 100 SN37526 Cal 8 27 1997 Rev 3 27 52C Tus 4mA Test Click the Test button to test all Controllers Devices Modules Channels and This test requires less than a minute and when done displays an alert similar to that shown to the right A report similar to that shown below is also printed to the Test Page s TEXT window For a list of the error codes please consult Appendix II instruNet Error Codes For tips on trouble shooting please consult Appendix I We ran 0 542568 million tests and did NOT hit 1 error ioNe INSTRUNET QUICK TEST RESULTS Date amp Time 11 8 1995 17 17 1 We ran 0 542568 million tests and did NOT hit 1 error Big Test is identical to Test except it runs continuously until you press the mouse button down and hold it down until the test stops It will run all night if you let it This is helpful at identifying intermittent problems that occur once in a blue moon Opens a TEXT file and displays its contents in the Test Page s mini text editor Save As Saves the contents of the Test Page s mini text editor to disk in a TEXT file Clear Discards the text in the Test Page s mini text editor instruNet User s Manual 5 15 Ch 5 instruNet World lication Program The BASIC Page Execute Stop Save save Hs Clear The BASIC page contains a text editor that is used to develop t
22. the following figures and the software must be configured exactly as described in the adjacent instructions Single ended Single Ended Voltage measurement involves Voltage reading a voltage between the Vin or Vin Measurement _ imstruNet input terminal and the Gnd input terminal as illustrated in the figure to the right The Gnd terminal is typically tied to earth ground through the user s cable the instruNet network cable or an external power supply cable Most amplifiers that supply a single ended output signal have their grounds tied to Fig 3 1 Singled Ended earth ground via the power supply cable Voltage Measurement Mode instruNet channels configured for Voltage with Two Signal Sources measurement return a value in units of Volts The Vin and the Vin screw terminals function identically when used to read single ended voltages e g Chl corresponds to Vin and Ch2 corresponds to Vin on the Model 100 To do a Single Ended Voltage measurement you must 1 Set the Sensor field in the Hardware settings area to Voltage 2 Set the Wiring field in the Hardware settings area to Vin GND 3 Wire your voltage source per figure 3 1 and refer to the steps at the beginning of this chapter for more information on how to set up your sensor 3 6 instruNet User s Manual Ch 3 Connecting to Sensors Differential Differential Voltage measurement involves reading a Voltage voltage between a pair of instruNet Vin and Vi
23. within your computer You will not need to do this operation again on this computer provided the current OS directory stays in service To view the instruNet BASIC license number installed on a computer press the Test tab at the base of the window and then press the Search button to print out the license number You have now enabled the powerful instruNet BASIC feature If this feature was not enabled BASIC code would still execute yet in demo mode where data read from instruNet hardware is simulated 6 After learning about instruNet via Chapter 2 Tutorial we recommend venturing on to Chapter 9 instruNet BASIC to learn more about this powerful feature 1 10 instruNet User s Manual Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial 2 instruNet Tutorial This chapter is a step by step tutorial that shows the user how to navigate within the world of instruNet Controlling instruNet hardware can be done manually though the instruNet World application program or through the programming languages Visual Basic and C This chapter deals exclusively with the easy to use application program instruNet World application program while Chapter 4 covers programming languages The instruNet World allows you to set up and probe your network record waveforms save them to disk load them from disk and view them post acquisition Record Waveforms in 7 Easy Steps This section explains how to record waveforms in several easy steps 1 Install your hardware and sof
24. yet does not see properly or is damaged chapter for information on this scenario rows of data are computer for free at www instrunet com Beware displayed in Network that if the driver files are also in the same directory as the application e g in the same directory as instruNet World the application may use those driver files instead of the one s in your operating system directory therefore make sure that both are current or delete the driver Controller i e only 3 Driver is not compatible with your Install latest version of driver available files in the same directory as the application instruNet World opens instruNet 100 device is not Use a flash light to make sure connectors ok yet does not seean connected to the instruNet at the controller end and device are well instruNet 100 Device controller by an instruNet cable or seated Some computers have a small instruNet cable is not well seated corridor through which the instruNet cable must pass through to get to the instruNet controller DB 25 connector and in some cases this hole is not large enough and subsequently requires reducing the size of the instruNet cable molding with a knife instruNet box is radiating ata high Attach a short 18 gauge local ground frequency w r t Earth Ground wire from instruNet Box GND terminal to a local Earth Ground instruNet Terminator not attached Check Terminator to the end of t
25. 1 Network 1 iNetChannelAddr vin iNetFLT32 V iNetError e LoadChannelAddress amp vin 1 1 1 1 V GetField f1t32 amp vin sgt General fldNum General valueEu amp e Digitizing There are several routines summarized below that are used to simultaneously digitized channels to ram or to disk as described in C file INET_INT c and Visual Basic file INET Common Code bas EnableChannelForDigitizing Mark this channel for digitizing i e when digitizing is started DisableAllChannelsForDigitizing Disable all channels for digitizing Set iNet TIMING Parameters Set digitize timing parameters e g sampleRate ptsPerScan etc Set iNet TRIGGER Parameters Set digitize trigger parameters e g trigger on off trigger source Service All iNet Digitize Buffers Services internal buffers while digitizing Access Digitized Data In Ram Buffer Provides access to digitized data even during acquisition Simple digitizing is illustrated nicely in Example 2 In summary to digitize one must instruNet User s Manual 4 3 Ch 4 A Tutorial for Programmers 1 Call DisableAl1ChannelsForDigitizing to disable all channels for digitizing Specify which channels are to be digitized by calling LoadchannelAddress and EnableChannelForDigitizing for each digitize channel Specify timing parameters e g sample rate with Sec iNet TIMING Parameters Specify trigger para
26. 2 2 453343e0 The code that produces this table in realtime is shown below NewButton Test Record create a new button in the Test Page tell user what we are going to do Alert We are now going to record Press Mouse to Stop print the following to the Test page XYZ Data date xx yy xz time pp dd qq Print Test rXYZ Data date date time time r r Calibrate Hardware calibrate instruNet Hardware define a list of channels Define MYCHAN 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 print header to the Test page Table MYCHAN general user name Test XE Xr T6 Table MYCHAN general units label Test Nt r 16 Loop 3 1 mouseStop print 3 rows Iper sec mouse down to stop print the value of each channel in the list Table MYCHAN general value input Test Nt Vr 16 Endloop end of loop EndButton end of button TheNewButton Test Record command defines a new button The two parameters after NewButton are the instruNet World pageName e g Test BASIC instruNet User Manual Ch 9 instruNet BASIC new user pagel new user page2 and the new button name When this button is pressed the code between the NewButton command and EndButton command i e the body is executed This button causes about 10 lines of code to be executed The and characters indicate that a comment follows and is ignored by the interpreter The first command is an Alert that displa
27. 25 252 Arc Tangent atan arg atan 25 2 244 Arc Tan of x y atant x y atant 3 4 64 Hyperbolic Cosine cosh arg cosh 25 3e10 Hyperbolic Sine sinh arg sinh 3 10 Hyperbolic Tangent tanh arg tanh 1 76 Function Notation Example Celsius to Fahren Fahren to Celsius Celsius to Kelvin Kelvin to Celsius Fahren to Kelvin Kelvin to Fahren CtoF Celsuis FtoC Fahrenheit CtoK Celsius KtoC Kelvin FtoK Fahrenheit KtoF Kelvin CtoF 100 212 FtoC 32 0 CtoK 0 273 16 KtoC 100 173 16 FtoK 273 16 32 KtoF 32 273 Format Notation Example Integer XXXXXX 3 312312 Floating Point 3 1 1221 1213 Scientific Notation H Xx yyyezz 123e 10 Hexadecimal OxHHHHHH Ox12A Oxacf0c2 Binary ObXXXXXXXX Ob01 061101011 Interpretation Keyword Example logical true 1 true true 2 1 logical false 0 false false 0 0 Zero zero 2 0 0 2 31 1 end end 2147483646 pie 3 14 pie pie 2 3 14159 e 2 718 e e 2 2 718 Mouse Up 0 Down 1 mouseB mouseB 1 Mouse X coordinate mouseX mouseX 418 Mouse Y coordinate mouseY mouseY 321 Interpretation Keyword Example 60Hz 1KHz Counter ticks ticks 2 232411 21 Tick counter in secs units tSecs tSecs 2 324 23 secs since 1 1 94 bSecs bSecs 2 1712233376 4MHz instruNet clock iSecs iSecs 123 12 current month cMonth cMonth 1 current day cDay cDay 1 current year cYear cYear 98 current hour
28. 31 048353 62581 Nubus Controller iNet 220 slot 13 4000KBD 94 Devic iNet 100 SN37532 Cal 9 28 1997 Rev 4 30 99C 6us 17mA If this does not match what you believe is installed on your network then check your hardware installation cables power etc Also it is possible that the instruNet Driver ppc instruNet User s Manual Ch 1 Installation instruNet Driver is older than the devices on your network which means you need the latest driver that recognizes these new devices The instruNet Driver is always listed as the 1st installed item 3 Press the Test button at the top of the window to test your controllers and devices and to report any problems if found The duration of the test can vary from 1 to 120 seconds depending on the size of the networks and the speed of the computer If no problems are found a report similar to the one below is printed in the window INSTRUNET QUICK TEST RESULTS Date amp Time 10 12 1995 12 53 23 We ran 0 510029 million tests and did NOT hit 1 error 4 Press the Big Test button to run an Ww We will run an exhaustive test on all ioNet hardware until you mouse down hold it down or hit an exhaustive test An alert irrar similar to the one on the right will appear to communicate that the computer will test all eee instruNet hardware until there is an error or until you press the m
29. BASIC Y Examples MathExp iBs and load the file into the instruNet BASIC text editor Press the Execute button to run this program Scroll up and down to review the various math oriented features MathExp iBs demonstrates many mathematical functions bitwise operators logical expressions string functions and time related features e Press the Open button navigate to file instruNet BASIC Y Examples Print iBs and load the file into the instruNet BASIC text editor Press the Execute button to run this program Scroll up and down to review the various print and string related features e Press the Open button navigate to file instruNet BASIC Y Examples TakeData iBs and load the file into the instruNet BASIC text editor Press the Execute button to run this powerful program This code creates a new page called Data creates several buttons for this new page and selects the new page Press the BASIC tab at the base of the window to return to the original code and then press the Data tab to return to the new data taking page Press the Setup button to set up several channels per the TataData iBs Setup button code Now press the Record button to digitize data into the Data page Hold the mouse down to stop the data taking after several lines have been printed This program shows how instruNet BASIC can set up channels record into a text editor and spool a large 2Gbyte file to disk via the Spool button
30. Box Figure 2 15 Three Channels in Record Page Each display has a Channel Name box which appears to the right of the display as shown to the left and in figure 2 15 This box displays the channel name and the real time channel value in Engineering Units Click on the Channel Name box of the top most display to open the Probe dialog at the Display settings area as show in Figure 2 16 Settings Display eee Disp EU Disp Min EU __ Figure 2 16 Display Settings Change the Disp Max EU Field to 2 change the Disp Min EU Field to 2 and click the lower right Enter button These 2 Fields are used to set the top and bottom plot values of the vertical axis in both the Record page display and the Probe dialog snapshot display These changes take affect when the Enter button is pressed and can be viewed at the bottom of the instruNet User s Manual 2 17 Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial Probe Dialog as shown in Figure 2 17 In many cases one must edit these values depending on the Engineering Unit range of the digitized signal For example one might set 0 and 100 for a temperature that ranges from 0 to 100C New top and bottom vertical axis bounds 1 25 2 3 75 Secs Chi Vint 1 1301 Volts Figure 2 17 Probe display with E U s set to 2V Press OK to exit the Probe dialog and then press Start to begin recording Notice how the vertical axis scale change effects the appearance of the record
31. Displays Horizontal starting position in Record page seconds per horizontal division Displays display left edge in seconds ex Settings Record Options Horiz scale o Mesrts Pic 5 Plot brid Plot Dots or Horiz Pos jo Save Data 2 Off Turn Display Maximum points plotted Specify where digitized data Lines in Displays Grid On or Off per horizontal pixel in is stored no where RAM Saving Data Off Record page Displays or Disk File Figure 5 9 Display Options It is in the Options dialog that one specifies to Plot Dots or Lines to turn the Grid On or Off to set the horizontal scale i e time per horizontal division and to set the maximum plotting density maximum points plotted per horizontal pixel Plotting Lines i e connecting points with lines takes more time than Dots yet is easier to read if the points are far apart The Grid take some time to plot as well and might not be desirable if you are trying to maximize your update rate in Oscilloscope mode If the horizontal scale Horiz Scale is too small e g 10ms div the waveform might whip across the screen and be difficult to see in the Strip Chart mode The maximum points per horizontal pixel Max Pts Pix parameter is useful at plotting only a fraction of the digitized points in cases where you are digitizing ten s of thousands of points and don t want the computer to slow down due to plotting The Horizontal Position Horiz Pos fi
32. Installation Copy Define Delete String string items Variable 2 math expression Programming Commands Debug End For Next Goto Label If elseif else EndIf If License Loop Synchronize While EndWhile User Interface Commands Alert Beep Delay Erase Print Question Page amp Button Commands NewPage NewButton Press Select Show Hide page Show Hide button Calibrate Hardware Calibrate Gages Calibrate Bridges Calibrate VDividers Calibrate Vinit Calibrate Int1 Int2 Digitize SetChannel SetChannelBit SetField SetTrigger Table File Commands Close Create Flush Open SetMasterDir SetPointer SetSize PO BO PO PO PO P2 PO BO P i En En eee Ea a pa pa Ea eee eee esse pa ea pa pa pa pa pa pa ja pn p 0O0oOOOQOWNWMGooooooOooe voooooooooo J 1 1 1 1 1OQOOONONONUAUtAnAUtACACACA CA HI HP NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO SO NO NO NO SO NO NO ND SO NO NO NO SO SO NO NO SO SO NO NO ND SO SO NO NO SO SO NO NO SO SO NO NO NO SO SNO NO NO 10 SO NO NO instruNet User s Manual TC 7 Ch 1 Installation Appendix I Troubleshooting Identifying Symptoms and Possible Causes A I 1 If the instruNet PCI Controller Board is not seen by the instruNet World Software A I 3 instruNet Technical Support Form A I 5 Appendix II Error Codes Error Codes A II 1 Appendix III Working With Spreadsheets Overview A III 1 Appendix IV Working With Application Software Worki
33. Low Pass Off Figure 2 12 Hardware Settings Area e Click on the Sensor popup to view the various Sensors that v Voltage can directly be attached to this channel as shown to the right Current Resistance This popup tells instruNet which sensor is connected to your Strain Gage physical hardware terminals instruNet has no way of seeing RTD what is out there For more detailed information on J Thermocpl connecting sensors to instruNet please refer to Chapter 3 K Thermocpl Connecting to Sensors T Thermocpl E Thermocpl R Thermocpl S Thermocpl Uin Vin Click on the Wiring popup and view the choices as illustrated to the left Gnd Shunt Resistor The Vin Vin option is used for differential Voltage measurements to measure the Voltage Divider voltage between the Vin and Vin terminals The common signal on both Bridge terminals is ignored and therefore this technique can be used to reduce noise The 0 Bridge Vin Gnd option specifies Singled Ended voltage measurement which measures H Bridge Bend the voltage between the voltage input terminal and the Ground terminal The latter 6 H Bridge Axial options Q Bridge Half Bridge Bend Half Bridge Axial Full Bridge Bend Full F Bridge Bend Bridge Axial I and Full Bridge Axial II are used to specify a wiring options when F Bridge Anl working with a Strain Gage sensor These wiring options are described in more F Bridge II detail in Chapter 3
34. Period Meas instruNet User s Manual 2 27 Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial Physically all controller channels are accessed at a 34 pin header connector 025 square pins with 1 spacing located on the Controller board This connector is independent of the DB25 Connector that is used to cable to the network Devices One typically cables to this connector via a 34 wire ribbon cable that terminates outside the computer at a screw terminal panel Please refer to Chapter 1 Hardware Installation for details on cabling and Chapter 6 Hardware Reference for details on each pin within this connector e Select the Network page by clicking the Network tab and then click in Column 1 of the first controller s Ch 1 Timer channel you might need to scroll down a little When the Probe dialog appears select Timer in the Settings popup as illustrated in Figure 2 25 The Function popup selects the channel s Function to be one of Digital Input Digital Output Clock Output or Period Measurement Input as described below Digital Output The ChX Dout connector pin is set to a logic 0 0 8V if the Value I O field in the General settings area is set to a 0 otherwise this pin is set to a logic 1 2V 5V Digital Input The Value I O field in the General settings area is read as O if the ChX Din connector pin is held by an external source below 8V otherwise it floats to 5V However if this pin is above 3 5V it is read as a 1 Clock Outp
35. Power Adaptor Block Diagram instruNet Device iNet 311 Power Supply Fig 6 4 Example Application of Model 300 Power Adaptor 110V instruNet User s Manual Ch 6 Hardware Reference Model 311 and 322 Power Supplies Power Plugs The following power supplies provide a 5pin Din output connnector compatible with the instruNet iNet 300 Power Adaptor iNet 330 Electrical Isolator and iNet 230 PC Card The 5pin DIN connector pinout is as follows 1 Com 2 n c or earth gnd 3 5 4 12V 5 12V Part 4 Plug Input Output fiNet 311 USA 3 Prong 120VAC 5V 7A 12V 24A fiNet 322 Euro 2 Prong 220VAC 5V 2A 12V 5A Linear power supplies are strongly recommended over switchers since switchers tend to have a spike on their COM output with respect to earth Ground and this typically creates a problem when doing low level measurements iNet 311 110VAC External Power Supply This includes a USA 3 prong plug and has a 110VAC input This mates with USA wall sockets Connecting to Sockets in Japan requires removing this plug and adding a Japaneese plug Japan is 110VAC iNet 322 220VAC External Power Supply This unit includes a European 2 prong euro plug with a receptical for the earth pin It mates with wall sockets in Germany France Italy Spain yet not UK If the power plug does not match your wall socket If the power plug doesn t fit we recommend that it be removed and replac
36. StopB F2 Figure 2 23 Bandpass Filter Model Passband E Stopband E Passband f Maximum Pass Minimum Stop Band ripple Band attenuation StopB Attn Y Amplitude DB PassB Ripple PassB F1 StopB F1 Figure 2 24 Bandstop Filter Model StopB F2 PassB F2 Frequency Hz instruNet User s Manual Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial Table 2 1 shows which fields in the Settings area must be set for each filter model Edit field or Lowpass Highpass Bandpass Bandstop popup Filter popup used used used used PassB Ripple used used used used StopB Attn used used used used PassBFIHz used used used used StopBFIHz used used used used StopBF2Hz notused not used used used PassBF2Hz notused not used used used Table 2 1 Fields required for each Filter model Play with the different filter models and settings while viewing their effects in the snapshot display For example to turn on a highpass filter select Highpass Filter in the Settings popup select Elliptic in the Filter popup and then set the PassB F1 Hz StopB F1 Hz StopB Attn and PassB Ripple fields as desires using Figure 2 19 as a guide Remember to press the Enter button to create the filter Working With Voltage Output Channels Some hardware devices such as the Model 100 provide Volta
37. Threshold EU PreTrigger Trig Chan MH Trigger from a Rising or Duration in seconds to digitize Network address of the Falling edge signal before the trigger event occurs Trigger Source Figure 5 10 Trigger options instruNet User s Manual 5 11 Ch 5 instruNet World Application Program Getting Ready to Digitize Digitizing If Your Sample Rate Is Too Fast The Trigger field is used to specify no trigger Off Automatic trigger or Normal trigger Normal trigger will wait forever until the trigger condition is met whereas Automatic will trigger after several seconds even if the trigger condition is not met The Threshold EU field is used to set the threshold level in engineering units that the incoming signal must pass in order to trigger The Slope field sets the trigger condition for either a low to high pass through the threshold Rising or a high to low Falling The Network number Device number Module number and Channel number fields are used to specify the network address of the input channel that is to be used as the trigger source For example 1 1 1 1 would specify the first channel within the first module in the first device tied to the first network Before you digitize you might want to view the settings in the Setup dialog box which is opened by pressing the Setup button at the top of the Record page This dialog s fields are described in detail in the previous pages In summary on
38. To operate on bits within 32bit integer values one can use bitwise bOr 1 bAnd amp bEor 1 s complement comp left shift lt lt and right shift gt gt operators Logically false is represented as 0 and true as non zero e g 1 Logical operators And and Or facilitate the comparison of two Boolean values Conditionally the instruNet BASIC supports less than greater than gt less than or equal to lt greater than or equal to gt equal to and not equal to The math evaluator supports several keywords ticks returns the value of the computer s internal tick counter 1000Hz clock on Win95 NT and 60Hz clock on Mac tSecs returns the value of the tick counter in seconds units iSecs returns the value of the instruNet hardware clock in units of seconds which is a 62bit 4MHz clock mouseB returns 1 if the mouse button is down and 0 otherwise mouseX returns the mouse horizontal pixel position mouseY returns the mouse vertical pixel position true returns 1 and false returns 0 For examples of mathematical expressions please see file instruNet BASIC Y Examples MathExp iBs The following operators and functions are supported by instruNet BASIC Operator Notation Example Add argl arg2 3 2 5 Subtract argl arg2 2 3 1 Multiply argl arg2 4 3 12 Divide argl arg2 6 3 2 2 Modulo remainder of x y x 96 y 5 3
39. be ok Byteswapping is necessay when saving on a bigEndian computer e g Macintosh and then loading on a littleEndian computer e g Windows 95 Reading instruNet Files From C The C programmer can read instruNet data files either direclty via the standard C file I O functions or via file functions built into the instruNet driver To read write data to from an instruNet RAM BUFFER user or driver one can send a command to the Command field within the File Setting Group of a channel To learn more about this please read the INET_INT C documentation on fldNum File fileCmd and ion FileCmdPopup and also strudy ExerciseFileSaveLoadCode in file INET EXI C These routines fascillitate paging in data that was spooled to disk For example if you spool 1000 scans to disk with 10K Pts Per Scan 10M total pts and need to load into ram one scan at a time for post acquisition processing then one could send fileCmd FileToRamBuffer or fileCmd FileToUserBuffer commands into the instruNet driver to fascillitate the paging in process Appendix V 2 instruNet User s Manual
40. between the Vout terminal and GND at the bridge possibly far from instruNet to hold the excitation voltage steady 3 Shunt Resistors and Bridge Completion Resistors Bridge completion resistors and shunt resistors should be as accurate as possible 1 15 often ok 01 is very good and have a low temperature coefficient 25ppm C is often ok 5ppm C is very good If you use a less accurate resistor we recommend that you measure it with a DVM and then type this more accurate value into the Rshunt field in the Constants setting area To determine the effect of a resistor inaccuracy calculate your engineering units for a typical case and then increase the resistor value by its expected error and note the change in the resulting engineering units output For example if a 100ohm shunt resistor is used to measure a 1mA current source and it changes 1 then the measured reading would change 1 or 01 mA Several manufacturers of resistors are listed below a Caddock Hlectronics Inc USA telephone 1 541 496 0700 Ask for Greg The Resistor Man or a Resistor Applications Engineer fax 1 541 496 0408 Caddock offers very precise resistors in the 2 to 20 range The MK132 Value Tolerance series parts are 3 4W 30 5Mohms 1 to 5 initial accuracy SOppm C and the TFO20R Value Tolerance Temperature Coefficient series parts are 33W 1K 2Mohms 01 to 1 5 to 15ppm C They accept VISA and MasterCard have no minimum o
41. channel and integrated each for 5ms e Select Constants in the Settings popup as illustrated in Figure 2 13 Constante Ro alpha 0 00385 Rshunt delta Rlead 1 492 Vout sr Vinit gt v Poisson 0 32 Figure 2 13 Constants Settings Area These Fields are used to specify constants that are used to calculate engineering units when working with Resistance Current RTD and Strain Gage sensors For example Rshunt specifies the value of the shunt resistor in ohms when doing a Resistance measurement Please refer to Chapter 3 for details on how to use these Click OK in the Probe Dialog to return to the Network page Enable the first three voltage input channels for digitizing by clicking once on Column 5 of each channel as illustrated in Figure 2 14 Channe I Addr Malus Input 2 229 149 T P E TAE EPE TEA E 0 00040 1 0 0075 12 Click here to enable digitizing Figure 2 14 First 3 channels of Model 100 are enabled for digitizing e Select the Record page by clicking on the Record tab at the bottom of the window 2 16 instruNet User s Manual Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial Click the Start button to begin recording The Record Page automatically creates a separate display for each recorded channel as shown in Figure 2 15 The actual signal that appears will depend on the connected signal sources Click the Stop button to Stop recording Channel Name
42. code open the instruNet World window and pass control to instruNet World until the user closes the instruNet World window to return back to the example program Don t let this freak you out 6 Read the example program source code and comments to get a feel for instruNet programming 7 Modify the Example source code to meet your own needs 8 If you want to operate instruNet from another C program copy files Inet int c Inet int h and iNet mcs h to your target project source directory add Inet_int c to your project call any of iNet mcs h macros from your own source code call any of Inet_int c subroutines from your own source code copy any of the useful subroutines in Inet ExN c into your own source code and away you go instruNet User s Manual 4 13 Ch 4 A Tutorial for Programmers 4 14 instruNet User s Manual h 5 instruNet World Application Program instruNet World Program Reference This chapter provides a detailed reference of the features within the instruNet World Application Program which is what we believe the 21st Century Strip Chart Recorder Oscilloscope will look like This chapter is intended to be used as a reference whereas Chapter 2 Tutorial is recommended to teach the basics To install instruNet World please follow the directions in the Software Installation section of Chapter 1 Installation The Network Page Record The Test Page joNet World
43. digits to the left of the decimal and y is the number of digits to the right of the decimal e g Print 1 3f var would print var in a x yyy numerical format To force scientific notation use x ye To allow the compiler to decide floating point or scientific notation use x yg To force a integer printout use xd instruNet BASIC uses the same numerical formatting conventions as ANSI C C To learn more about this please consult a book on the ANSI C library and focus on the printf function and the general topic of printing numbers instruNet User s Manual 9 17 Ch 9 instruNet BASIC Question questionText responseStr defaultResponseText pressedRightBtnVariable leftBtnText rightBtnText Shows a dialog box that asks a questions provides an edit field area for the user to type a response and two buttons e g OK and Cancel The response is placed into string responseStr and variable pressedRightBtnVariable is set to true 1 if the user pressed the right button to exit the dialog and is set to false 0 otherwise Optionally the response field can contain a default response that appears when the dialog is first opened And one can specify the labeling of the two buttons leftBtnText via and rightBtnText For example Question How old are you response 20 userPressedRightBtn Cancel would show an alert with the How old are you question and a default response of 20 with Cancel OK ex
44. e SimultaneouslyDigitizeAndAnalyze if e goto Exit 9 Modify the Example source code to meet your own needs Tutorial In summary the Programming Tutorial will involve the following steps Summary 1 Make sure you have done Ch2 Tutorial in its entirety 2 Install your programming environment on your hard disk load an example program shipped with your Programming Language compile and then run to verify that your Programming Environment is set up properly 3 Create a new Folder Directly on your hard disk Make a copy of the instruNet example program and place it into this folder along with include files instruNet User s Manual 4 7 Ch 4 A Tutorial for Programmers 4 Compil e and link the code If you have any compile or link errors please use the source code to debug the system all source code is provided 5 Run the example programs to verify that the compiler example files driver and computer are all working well together 6 Read the example program source code and comments to get a feel for instruNet programming Getting To do the above steps with the programming language of your choice please Started jump to the appropriate Getting Started with in the following pages WORKING WITH ANY C COMPILER Macintosh or Windows 95 instruNet provides C source code that is designed to run on virtually any C compiler for the Macintosh and Windows 95 To run the example instruNet C code we re
45. e g Nubus PCI PC Card yet they are all very similar internally Each Controller is an independent computer in itself that utilizes a powerful 32 bit microprocessor and onboard RAM to control all aspects of data acquisition along its network One can install as many Controllers as desired space permitting since each controller operates independently Each network supports up to 32 Network Devices Each Device is a small box e g 10cm x 12cm x 25cm that is connected in a daisy chain configuration to form a chain of Devices Each network can be up to 300 meters long All networks are anchored with an instruNet Terminator at the far end and an instruNet Controller at the near end This makes instruNet a cost effective method for designing large scale high speed multi channel data acquisition systems The following table lists the instruNet Controllers described in this manual instruNet User s Manual 1 1 Ch 1 Installation Windows 95 NT x86 Compatible Computer with PCI Rev 22 0 compliant 32 bit 5V slot or Macintosh with PCI Slot PC Card PC Card 2 x3 Windows 95 x86 Compatible Computer with Controller Type II PCMCIA compliant 2 v2 1 or 2 PC Card 95 PC Card slot Table 1 1 instruNet Controllers described in this Manual Network Network Devices typically provide voltage input channels voltage output channels Devices digital inputs and digital outputs The following Network Devices are describe
46. gage s are unstrained in a bride circuit This is measured by putting instruNet into Voltage mode Differential Wiring with low voltage Range e g 10mV and then measuring the resulting bridge voltage e g via the value shown at the bottom of the Probe dialog You must then enter this voltage value into the Vinit field in the Constants settings area reset your Sensor field to Strain Gage and reset your Wiring field to where you had it Subsequently all reported strain values will reflect resistance changes from the unstrained scenario Vinit is used as an offset correction factor to balance the bridge If you do not want to go through the trouble of balancing your bridge simple set Vinit to 0 9 The Strain Gage GF Factor All strain gages are manufactured with a specific Gage Factor GF which relates a change in resistance to strain The GF is often printed on the strain gage package and must be correctly entered into the instruNet GF field within the Constants settings area This is used to calculate the strain value returned by instruNet 10 Accuracy of Measurements Accuracy measurements are affected by the noise pickup on the leads the accuracy of the sensor itself i e thermocouple s are typically accurate to 1C to 3C and the instruNet measuring system A noisy environment and long sensor leads are often the worst threat to accuracy Integrating via the Integrate field a signal over a period of tim
47. i ork Controller Meth 21 complan PC Cand 54 57 SIME Memor Space Pan 15 ROO ikt Band CE Compl instruHet He twork Connector D B 25 female instruHet He tvork Power Input Connector opin DIH female Fig 6 1b Model 230 instruNet Controller Specifications physical specifications for the Model 230 Controller is as follows Network Connector DB 25 female connector Network Power Input Connector 5pin DIN female connector Network Data Throughput 100Kbits sec to 4 000Kbits sec Dimensions 2 1 x 3 4 Operating Temperature Range 0 to 70 C Storage Temperature Range 25 to 85 C Relative Humidity Up to 90 non condensing Power Consumption 5V 5 max 6 4 instruNet User s Manual Ch 6 Hardware Reference Model 100 100B and 100HC Network Devices Units stack via mating slide 187 x 067 4 40 hex top battom rails nut small format nut into groove to mount enclosure E Power Ch 25 Digital Wo Ch 1 24 Voltage available to Inputs amp Voltage user Outputs Fig 6 2 Model 100xx Network Device Connector Layout Model 100xx Connector I O Terminals Specifications Ch 25 Digital I O Digital 1 0 Digital Input Output 8 non latching input bits and This is a digital I O port consisting of 8 individual 8 latching output bits at 8 lines each of which can be configured as either a bidirectional screw termi
48. instruNet Driver might help 25 iNetErr_ Controller failed Power Computer off then on Press Big Test IncCounter CounterInc test button in Test page Disconnecting network cable TestFailed from Controller might help Controller might need service Latest vers of instruNet Driver might help 26 iNetErr_ Controller failed Power computer off then on Press Big Test EchoCmd EchoCmdToStatus test button in Test page Disconnecting network cable ToStatus from Controller might help Controller might need TestFailed service Latest vers of instruNet Driver might help 27 iNetErr_ Controller failed Power Computer off then on Press Big Test Controller Test_A_Booted_Controller button in Test page Disconnecting network cable BootTest test from Controller might help Controller might need Failed service Latest vers of instruNet Driver might help 28 iNetErr_ Controller failed to Boot Power Computer off then on Press Big Test Controller button in Test page Disconnecting network cable FailedToBoot from Controller might help Controller might need service Latest vers of instruNet Driver might help 29 iNetErr_ Controller failed to execute Press Reset Button Try doing things differently Controller command and hope it goes away Latest version of instruNet CmdFailed Driver might help 30 iNetErr GUI error related to graphical Try reinstall
49. interface h file instruNet User s Manual 8 1 Ch 8 Settings Reference Settings Group Field fieidNum Field Description fieldValue settingType Bandpass Defines a digital bandpass filter For more information please refer to Filter 10 Chapter 2 Working with Digital Filters Filter Selects filter model Off Elliptico Chebyshev Chebyshev S4 or Butterworths PassB Ripple Specifies maximum allowable passband ripple in dB StopB Attn Specifies the minimum stop band attenuation in dB Filter Order Displays filter order Automatically determined by the filter design which is based on the specified criteria PassB F1 Hz Specifies lower cutoff frequency of the band that is passed Frequencies between Hz and PassB F2 Hz are passed StopB FI Hzg Frequencies below StopB F1 Hzg are attenuated Pass B F2 Hz Specifies high cutoff frequency of the band that is passed Frequencies between PassB Hzs and PassB F2 Hz are passed Stop B F2 Hzg Frequencies above StopB F2 are attenuated Bandstop Defines a digital bandstop filter For more information please refer to Filter 1 Chapter 2 Working with Digital Filters Filter Selects filter model Elliptics Chebyshev Chebyshev S4 or Butterworths Filter Order Displays filter order Automatically determined by the filter design which is base
50. it is being digitized by the software view the probe dialog display as you disconnect one wire from your sensor The value printed in the dialog lower right corner should change to indicate that your displayed value is in some way connected to that wire Also if you touch the input terminal with your finger you should notice some slight variation since your body acts as an antenna and causes radio stations and such to drive the input terminal due to its high input impedance b Check that instruNet is correctly measuring the voltage At any time you can set the Sensor popup to Volts and set the Wiring popup to Vin Vin to cause instruNet to measure the voltage between the Vin and Vin terminals The measured voltage appears in the Probe dialog lower right You can then check this against a volt meter that is placed in parallel between the Vin and Vin terminals Remember to set the Range popup if your signal is clipping on a bound To measure the voltage between your Vin screw terminal Vin or Vin and ground you would do the same thing yet select Vin Gnd in the Wiring popup c Check the engineering units calculations If your voltage looks good yet the returned engineering units value looks bad then pull out a calculator or better yet a spreadsheet and run your constants and known values into the equations listed in the Sensor Reference to check the processing of these numbers Perhaps one of the fields in the Const
51. of the file fromEOF or from the current position fromPos If the byteIncrement value is positive the pointer is moved forward otherwise it is moved backward SetSize fileName numBytes toPointerPosition Sets the size of the specified open file to a specific number of bytes or if keyword toPointerPosition is used to the location that was last read from or written to Before spooling a large amount of data to disk it is often helpful to preset the filesize so that new space on the disk is not constantly being allocated during data acquisition time instruNet User s Manual 9 2 Ch 9 instruNet BASIC 9 22 instruNet User Manual Appendix Troubleshootin Troubleshooting If your instruNet system is not operating properly use the information in this chapter to isolate the problem If the problem appears serious enough to warrant technical support please contact your instruNet supplier Identifying Symptoms and Possible Causes Use the Troubleshooting information in the following table to try to isolate the problem This table lists general symptoms and possible solutions for problems with instruNet hardware and software Symptom Possible Cause Possible Solution Computer crashes The Controller board is not seated Check the installation of the Controller when instruNet World properly or it is damaged hardware and instruNet software per is run directions in Chapter 1 Try rebooting th
52. of the printout Chl Vin 1 935999155045 Ch3 Vout 0 5221114754677 Ch25 Dig In 231 Cycle Chan l 4 0 256 Thechivalue channel VIN14 line reads the value of channel Ch1 Vin into variable ch1 Value The following print command prints the loop number in 5 integer digits and then prints Chl in floating point format with 3 digits to the right of the decimal The Synchronize 1 command causes the loop to execute once each second The following code sets outputs depending on the state of channel Ch1 Vin For the source code to this example please see instruNet BASIC RW Chan iBs Delete Variables Define VIN14 1 1 1 1 Chl Vin Define VOUT34 1 1 1 3 Vout Define DIO 1 1 1 25 Ch25 Digital I O print Sic print value of several channels print rChl Vin channel VIN1 print rCh3 Vout channel VOUT3 print rCh25 Dig In channel DIO Nt r print rCycle Chan 1 r cycle 0 while 1 loop until mouse is pressed chlValue channel VIN1 get value of Chl Vin channel print formatted Ch1 Vin channel print 5d cycle 2 3f chlValue cycle cycle 1 Synchronize 1 execute loop once every if mouseB true then end erase 1 erase last printed line of text set output bit depending on Chl Vin
53. or an output 1 Highpass Defines a digital highpass filter For more information please refer to Filter Chapter 2 Working with Digital Filters Filter Selects filter model Off Elliptico Chebyshev Chebyshev S4 or Butterworths PassB Ripple Specifies maximum allowable passband ripple in dB StopB Attn Specifies the minimum stop band attenuation in dB Filter Order Displays filter order Automatically determined by the filter design which is based on the specified criteria PassB F1 Hzs Frequencies above PassB F1 Hzs are passed StopB FI Hzg Frequencies below StopB F1 Hzg are attenuated Pass B F2 Hz Not used Stop B F2 Hzs Not used Lowpass Defines a digital lowpass filter For more information please refer to Filter Chapter 2 Working with Digital Filters Filter Selects filter model Elliptic Chebyshev Chebyshev S4 or Butterworths Filter Order Displays filter order Automatically determined by the filter design which is based on the specified criteria Table 8 1 Channel Setting Group Reference 8 6 instruNet User Manual Ch 8 Settings Reference the Computer and Chapter 5 Display Options Settings Group Field fieldNum Field Description feldValue settingType Display Specifies how waveforms are displayed and stored while digitizing For Options 18 more information please refer to Chapter 2 Dig
54. point instruNet will return an error message In Oscilloscope mode the most recent scan is always returned and others are discarded While scans are discarded in Oscilloscope mode the buffer will not overflow If the time to process data takes less than the time of a scan then both modes will behave identically Figure 5 8 below shows the difference between Oscilloscope and Oscillo Queued modes instruNet User s Manual 5 7 Ch 5 instruNet World lication Program Oscillo Queued Scans Internal data buffer of acquired data All S Retreived for a ee Oscillo Scope data processing occurs here P um scans not scans not scans not retreived retreived retreived of acquired data O 213 475 6 7 8 9 opu omoi Po of E Most R S Retreived for m 9 Processing Figure 5 8 Oscilloscope and Oscillo Queued Modes Record Setup S Digitize ee DISpIay o Pts Per Scan 10000 Horiz Scale No Of Scans Disp Height 40 Sample Rate Plot Dots ScanMode Oscilloscope Grid Timing J Storage RR Digitize Into File Type iNet Binary Figure 5 8b RecordSetup Dialog instruNet User s Manual Ch 5 instruNet World Application Program Record Setup Timing Options The Record Setup dialog illustrated in Figure 5 8b is used to set the base sample rate the number of points to be acquired per Scan the number of Scans to be acquired
55. prints the channel name field the second Table command prints the units label field and the third Table command prints the value of each channel three times due to the Loop 3 1 mouseStop The c sr 16 inthe Table commands tells the interpreter to place a tab between each column a carriage return at the end of the row and pad each point with spaces so that each point consumes exactly 16 characters The Loop command tells the interpreter to execute the body of the loop 3 times at a rate of once through the loop every 1 second and a mouse down will cause the interpreter to fall out of the loop to allow the user to stop early Another way to stop execution is to press the Stop button in the BASIC page Another way to digitize is to use the Digitize command which consolidates the loop and table commands into 1 line of code and is capable of moving data more quickly Both the Table and Digitize commands can send date to the instruNet World text editor or a file on disk of up to 2GBytes in size For an example of the Table and Digitize commands please see file instruNet BASIC Examples Y TakeData iBs instruNet User s Manual 9 3 Ch 9 instruNet BASIC Feedback Control Example The code below prints the value of the several channels and then enters a feedback loop The loop runs until the mouse is pressed An example of printed output text is shown the below The value of channel Chl Vin is printed once a second on the last line
56. sees the driver if 15 rows are displayed then the Controller e g PCT is seen as well and if 40 rows are displayed then an instruNet 100 network device is also seen Also to verify that these three items are installed one can click on the TEST tab at the bottom of the window and press the SEARCH button to display a list of installed resources e g DRIVER CONTROLLER DEVICE If the Controller e g pci card is not seen on a Computer then please proceed with the following steps 1 Usea flash light to make sure the board is well seated in its connector With some computers it is difficult to insert the tab at the bottom of the I O fence into its receptacle Sometimes the I O fence at the back of the computer is not registered with respect to the motherboard and tightening the I O fence screw causes the card to enter its connector at an angle If this happens leave the screw loose and make sure the card is properly aligned in its connector so that the pcb finders correctly align with their mating receptical pins 2 Turn the computer power off for 10 seconds turn it back on to boot the computer and then run instruNet World to see if the card is found If itis not found and you are running on a Windows 95 NT computer please power the computer off and then on again since re configuring the cards internally sometimes requires two power off on cycles sometimes due to plug and play arbitration going on inside the computer 3 If r
57. settings area to specify an excitation voltage to be applied to the bridge If you are applying an external excitation voltage enter Ro value in the Ro edit field e g 100 instead of 100ohms to tell the software that the excitation is external and then enter the external excitation voltage in the Vout In high current cases e g gt 2mA it is often helpful to alternate the polarity of the excitation voltages to evenly burden the 12V supplies 5 Wire your voltage source per figure 3 5 and refer to the steps at the beginning of this chapter for more information on how to set up your sensor 10 Strain measurement using a voltage divider circuit involves connecting a strain gage in series with a shunt resistor of known value applying a voltage across the pair and measuring the voltage across the strain gage as illustrated to the right The voltage across the strain gage is measured between a pair of E shunt instruNet Vin and Vin input terminals while a the excitation voltage for the divider is amp supplied by the instruNet Vout terminal pi instruNet calculates the value of the strain using the following equations and returns Fig 3 6 Strain Gage Measurement strain engineering units Voltage Divider Circuit Rgage Ohms Rshunt Vin Vin Vout Vin Vin Strain 1 GF Ro Rgage Ro Ro is the resistance of the unstrained strain gage and Rgage is the resistance of the gage when stra
58. spaces Unless a parameter is in quotes capitalization is ignored One parameter cannot contain a space character otherwise the interpreter would think you have 2 parameters To indicate a space underscore characters are sometimes substituted If you want spaces or you want to retain capitalization s the entire parameter must be enclosed in quotes The instruNet World software provides environments for working with instruNet called pages each of which are selected with a tab at the base of the instruNet World window Record Network Test and BASIC are standard pages included with instruNet Additionally the user can create new pages with an associated tab with the NewPage command User created pages contain a text editor in the body of the window and a row of user created buttons at the top that execute code when pressed instruNet BASIC supports variables that are stored internally as 8byte floating point numbers Variable names are suffixed with the character e g var x and are often defined with an equal sign e g var 3 2 Variables can be passed as parameters to functions e g Loop ctr and many commands support variables as destination or source arguments e g print var abs a b1 instruNet User s Manual 9 11 Ch 9 instruNet BASIC Strings Defines Object Database Comments Channel Address Channel Lists Text Files BASIC Files Startup iBs instruN
59. the device ground Network Interface Network Utilization Occupies 1 physical address in instruNet Network The Model 100 cables to a Controller and or other Compatibility All instruNet Controllers and Network Devices via DB 25 cables Network Devices Network Connector DB 25 male connector input DB 25 female connector out Physical Environmental I O Connector Screw Terminals Dimensions 1 8 x 4 2 x 9 All I O signals cable to the Model 100 via screw Operating Temperature 0 to 70 C terminals Storage Temperature 25 to 85 C Relative Humidity Up to 90 non condensing Power Power Consumption 5V 180mA max 12V 80mA max Power consumed by the Model 100 Network 12V 80mA max Device without additional Network Devices attached without a terminator and without outputs loaded Total system power consumption is the sum of the power consumed by the Controller and each attached Network Device Table 6 2 Model 100 100B and 100HC Technical Specifications instruNet User s Manual 6 7 Ch 6 Hardware Reference 1 Measurement Accuracy 0 70 C no condensation iNet 100xx Rev 3 temperature has not changed since self calibration Accuracies are typical within 2 standard deviations Accuracy is effected by the Channel Switching field i e set in the Setup dialog to Accurate or Fast and the integration time If the Channel Switching field is set to Accurate the signal is given more time to settle after the chan
60. the recording mode i e oscilloscope or strip chart recorder the storage mode and the display mode This dialog is described in detail in Chapter 2 Digitizing Analog Signals into the Computer The Timing dialog illustrated in Figure 5 8 is used to set Fields that determine the digitization length and method This dialog is opened by pressing the Timing button inside the Setup dialog and mirrors some of the settings inside the Setup dialog Turn Digitization On or Number of samples Network data Channel Off Start and Stop Digitized in one transfer rate switching speed buttons do this as well second for each bits per second channel Settings Digitize Off Sample Rate Pts Per Scan Min Secs Tfr 6e 06 Mn Scans Scan Mode Switching Fast Network BPS 100000 Number of scans digitized Select continuous or non Number of points in each scan when Start button is pressed continuous recording mode each scan is a set of points Figure 5 8 Timing Dialog The Pts per Scan and the No of Scans Fields specify the number of points 4bytes per point that are digitized for each Scan and the number of scans that are digitized when the Start button is pressed For example if you digitize 100 pts second with 1000 points per Scan i e 10sec per scan and 10 scans then your entire acquisition would consume 100seconds Pressing the Stop button will halt the digitization process indepen
61. with the NewButton command Clear files sets the filesize of all open files to 0 and in effect clears them of data Clear pageName clears the specified text editor e g Test BASIC user defined pagel Clear fileName clears the specified open file and Clear All clears all previously mentioned items Copy pageFileStrVarDefine source pageFileStrVar destination Copies the text in the specified source object e g string variable define quotedText math expression or numerical constant to the destination page string or open file For example Copy BASIC Test would copy the text in the BASIC page into the Test page Copy abc str would copy abc onto string str String Copy is very similar to string Append yet replaces the destination text with the source text instead of appending it Define name substitutionText Substitutes substitutionText for name every time name appears later in the program code Define names must end in a character Substitution text can be of any length yet must be enclosed in quotes if it contains spaces or capital letters Also the substitution text can appear on multiple lines within the text file in the event itis lengthy Defines are similar to strings except they are typically set once and read often whereas strings are typically set multiple times Delete all variables pages buttons files Deletes the specified sets of objects from memory Delete Variab
62. word debug to the instruNet World application name e g change it to instruNet World debug run instruNet World debug a text file named iNetDiag txt will be created and saved into the system directory Extensions Folder on Macintosh Win95 System Directory on Windows 95 and WinNT System32 Directory on Windows NT with diagnostic information if on Ver 2 1 21 and then fax or email this to your supplier This will tell the supplier specifically where it is having trouble and they will then get back to you with further suggestions After generating this report restore the instruNet World application name to its original form Also if running under Windows 95 NT it is recommended that you also send a System Report at the same time to your supplier as described in the next step Appendix I 4 instruNet User Manual Appendix Troubleshooting 10 If on a Windows 95 NT computer Fax or email a copy of the Windows System Resource Report to your instruNet supplier A 7 to 9 point font is ok for fax however email is sometimes easier since this report can be 5 to 15 pages long To create a copy of this report a If on Windows 95 Run Windows Explorer Open the Control Panels folder double click on System select Device Manager tab press Print select All devices and system summary select Print To File amp press OK b If on Windows NT Select Windows NT Diagnostics in the Administrative Tools gr
63. work To save the current configuration of instruNet i e the settings displayed in the Network page and accessed via the Probe dialog press the Network tab at the bottom of the window to select the Network page and then press the Save button at the top of the window to save the settings to disk A file save dialog appears and it is here that you must specify a file name and file location remember where you put it To check your saved settings exit instruNet world re enter instruNet e g launch Windows 95 instruNet World Win32 exe or Macintosh instruNet World Mac press the Network tab at the bottom of the window to select the Network page press the Open button at the top of the window select your saved settings file this will load your save settings click on the channel that you just set up and then view the realtime display at the bottom of the Probe dialog Alternatively one could press the Store button to save the settings directly to a preferences file in the operating system folder and then press the Restore button at a later date to restore them The advantage of Save Restore is the user does not need to specify a file name or file location whereas the disadvantage is the saved file is overwritten the next time someone presses Store Sensor Reference instruNet connects directly to a variety of sensors and returns engineering units as summarized in the following pages Each sensor must be wired exactly as shown in
64. 0 Please download the instruNet TestPoint interface files from WWW instrunet com Appendix IV 2 instruNet User s Manual Appendix V Working with instruNet Files V Working With instruNet Files instruNet File Types Text Text Merge Binary Binary Merge instruNet supports the following different file types for waveform data Text Text Merge Binary and Binary Merge Data is stored in text form where each wave appears as a column of numbers with one file for each channel One can easily open these files with a word processor or spreadsheet Text Merge is similar to Text yet includes an additional text file called Merged txt which contains all channels in one file with one column devoted to each channel This is useful for opening the entire dataset into one spreadsheet file Data is stored in binary form with one file for each channel A binary header is stored at the beginning of the file in the form of one GWI file header struct struct defined in file INET_INT H and this is followed by the wave data stored in a one dimensional array of 32bit floating point numbers The first 4 bytes in the header is the length of the header in bytes i e 516 0x0204 Binary Merge is similar to Binary yet all channels are stored in one file in an interlaced format Binary Merge supports faster throughput rates than Binary since the hard disk writing head stays in one place on the platter when writing multiple chan
65. 00392 for European RTD s and delta is the Callendar Van Dusen delta constant typically 1 492 These constants are often supplied by the manufacturer of the RTD The instruNet temperature linearizer only supports temperatures above 0 C Many RTD manufacturers recommend a RTD current source with RTD voltage dividers since this often dissipates several milliwatts and therefore does not cause noticeable self heating An example would be a 100 ohm RTD which will vary from 25 to 400 ohms as the temperature varies i e 25 to 400 a 4 5V excitation voltage i e Vout and a 5000 ohm shunt resistor The average current and power dissipation of the RTD at 0 C would be Current Amps Volts Resistance 4 5V 5000 100 88mA Power watts Current Current Resistance 0088 0088 5100 3 8mW The voltage across the RTD would vary from 22mV to 352mV as the resistance across the RTD changed from 25 to 400 ohms corresponding to a temperature change of 260 to 850 Celsius therefore an input Voltage Range of 600mV would be ideal with a 100 ohm RTD 4 5V Vout voltage and 5000 ohm resistor To do temperature measurement using an RTD in a voltage divider circuit you must 1 Set the Sensor field in the Hardware settings area to RTD 2 Set the Wiring field in the Hardware settings area to Voltage Divider 3 Set the Voltage Range field in the Hardware settings area to something similar to Vout RTD_Max Rshunt RT
66. 0ohm resistor with a 100 ppm C temperature coefficient and 30C Watt thermal resistance that is passing 50milliAmps would enjoy the following situation 5Volts across resistor 100ohms 50mA 0 25Watts power dissipation 5V 5V 100ohms 7 5 C temperature change 30C Watt 25Watts 0 075 ohms change due to temperature change 7 5 C temp instruNet User s Manual Ch 3 Connecting to Sensors change 000lohms ohm C thermal resistance 100 ohms 2 Excitation Voltages for Bridge Circuits If you type an unreasonably high value into the Vout field of the Constants area and press Enter instruNet will set the output voltage to the highest possible value without allowing the internal output amplifier to saturate e g lt 4mA for iNet 100 100B and lt 15mA for iNet 100HC Setting the highest possible Vout causes the highest possible voltage to be read by the Vin terminals which increases the signal to noise ratio and therefore increases accuracy The downside to having a high excitation voltage is that it increases the power dissipated by the resistors which increases their thermal heating which increases the drift from their resistance s at ambient temperature e g typical resistors offer 100 resistance drift per degree C change in temperature Resistors with low temperature coefficients e g 25ppm C are helpful if this is a problem Also if noise is a problem it is sometimes helpful to install a capacitor e g luF
67. 15uV Osec Accurate 45uV Osec Fast x60uV 10mV lms either 10uV Osec Accurate 30uV Osec Fast 50uV Signal To Noise Ratio 78dB Differential Linearity 1 5 LSB Integral Linearity 2 LSB Input Over voltage Protection 15 V power on or off Input Impedance 10MQ 19 3pf Common Mode Voltage CMV 5V min Common Mode Rejection 80dB Temperature Drift Gain 5ppm C of FSR Offset Self cal ed to 0 Gain 27ppm lyr typ Offset Self cal ed to 0 Time Stability Analog Outputs D A Resolution 8 bit Number of Channels 8 Output Voltage Range 100 100B 5 4mA 001u 100 5V 15mA 010 Short to ground continuous 4us to 1 2 LSB 5V step Output Protection Output Settling Time Analog Output Accuracy 0 4 Digital Coupling 20mV Gain Drift 10ppm C of 5V FSR Offset Drift 5gV C Table 6 2 Model 100 100B and 100HC Technical Specifications instruNet User s Manual Ch 6 Hardware Reference Model 100xx Connector I O Terminals Specifications 5V 12V 12V 45V 100 mA max 12V 30 mA max These screw terminals can be used to power 12V 30 mA max external devices The maximum allowed current specified in the table to the right should not be exceeded else the controller and or the computer could be damaged To power an external device run a wire from a voltage output terminal e g 5V to the device and also run a wire from one of the ground terminals i e GND to
68. 2 Operator Notation Example Bitwise And argl amp arg2 060101 amp Oxf 5 arg bAnd arg2 050101 bAnd Oxf 5 Bitwise Or arg arg2 060101 1 0x7 5 arg bOr arg2 050101 bOr 0x7 2 5 Bitwise Eor argl arg2 050101 0x7 22 instruNet User Manual 1 bEor arg2 Bitwise Shift Left argl lt lt arg2 Bitwise Shift Right argl gt gt arg2 1 s Complement comp arg Ch 9 instruNet BASIC 0b0101 bEor 0x7 2 2 050101 lt lt 2 20 20 gt 2 5 0 00 Oxf0 Return bitNum value Set bitNum bit to 1 GetBit arg bitNum GetBit 8 3 1 SetBit arg bitNum SetBit 0 3 2 8 Set bitNum bit to 0 ClrBit arg bitNum ClrBit 8 3 0 Logical Operator Notation Example Operators Logical And arg amp amp arg2 1 amp amp 1 1 arg And arg2 true And true 2 1 Logical Or arg1 ll arg2 010 2 0 argl Or arg2 false Or false false Not not arg not true false Conditionals Conditional Notation Example Less than argl lt arg2 4 5 true Greater than argl gt arg2 4 5 false Less than or equal to argl lt arg2 5 lt 5 true Greater than or equal to argl gt arg2 3 gt 5 false Not equal to argl arg2 4 5 true Equal to arg arg2 4 5 false Basic Function Notation Example Functions Absolute Value abs arg abs 3 1 3 1 e to the x th power exp s exp 3 9 49 4 Natural log base 2 In
69. 9E 09 Record page DataType 5 5 5 6 Press the Start button to begin recording Internali 5 00E400 5 00 00 5 00E400 and the Stop button to stop recording E etemal SE ES E 7 Press the Save button in the Record page Imm Eo 25 002190 LTD to save the data to disk in a text file named MEI ee MERGED TXT This file places each gis 1 1i 1 0 00Z400 2 35E 03 1 29603 1 85505 channel in its own column and looks 00 05 2 355 03 2 45E 05 1 831 03 something like the illustration to the left 2 00B 05 2 35603 1 25503 6108 04 when opened with a spreadsheet program 3 00E 03 3 57E 03 1 23E 03 1 632405 4 00E 03 2 35E 03 1 058E 05 1 83E 03 E Columns are separated with TAB characters 5 00E 03 2 35E 03 1 21E 03 6 12504 and rows are separated with CARRIAGE RETURN characters instruNet User s Manual Appendix III 1 Appendix 111 Working With Spreadsheets Appendix III 2 instruNet User s Manual Appendix IV Working With Application Software Working With Application Software DASYLab instruNet is compatible with DASYLab software Version 2 4 01 11 with the instruNet Driver and is available from DASYTEC Inc DASYLab with instruNet runs on a Windows 95 or NT computer and is full 32bit compatible DASYLab is the easy to use data acquisition software application Its outstanding analysis and display features make it the ideal tool for many types of measurement and control applications Designe
70. B25m DB25f 100 yes single RCC4067B DB25m DB25f 150ft yes single RCC4067C DB25m DB25f 250ft yes single RCC4067X ft DB25m DB25f any yes single A supplier of high quality twisted pair low capacitance double shielded cable without connectors is Belden Inc The following is an outstanding cable choice Belden Cable Part 8112 Low Capacitance RS 485 RS 232 cable available in 100ft 500ft and 1000ft lengths 12 5 Pairs with copper braided shield 24 gage wire 41pF meter between pairs 72pF meter between a wire and the shield 78ohms killometer wire resistance instruNet User s Manual Te 10 Ch 1 Installation Minimum Base System One Controller and one Network Device is all you need to purchase to digitize waveforms save them to disk and view them Maximum Sample Rate As the physical length of the network increases the maximum aggregate data acquisition sample rate decreases from 166Ks sec maximum with a short network e g 5 meters to 4 1 5Ks second aggregate with a long network e g 300 meters This maximum aggregate rate includes both input and output channels For example one instruNet network could support two voltage input channels and two voltage output channels at a maximum rate of 41 5Ksamples sec for each channel i e 166Ks sec throughput The same network would allow 4 channels of voltage input to be acquired at 41 5Ks sec per channel The maximum aggregate rate can be increased by installing additional
71. Bridges Half Bridge Bend Half Bridge Axialg Full Bridge Bendo Full Bridge Axial Full Bridge Axial Table 8 1 Channel Setting Group Reference instruNet User s Manual 8 5 Ch 8 Settings Reference Settings Group Field fieldNum Field Description fieldValue settingType Hardware Low Specifies lowpass analog filter cutoff frequency in Hz e g OHz off Continued 40Hz 4000Hz Integrate4 Specifies amount of integration i e smoothing in units of seconds Signal are sampled and averaged for the duration specified in this field Ranges Specifies maximum input range for the measured voltage in units of Volts For the most accurate readings specify the smallest range possible without causing the measured voltage to hit the bound For example if your maximum expected input range is 4 50 mV select a range of 3V i e set the Ranges field to 3 Hardware 5 Specifies parameters that control a Digital I O channel e g Ch25 Dio on with the Model 100 Device For more information please refer to Chapter 2 Digital Working with Digital I O Channels Digital Output Specifies the logic level of bits that have been set up as digital outputs in the Direction field Please see Chapter 2 Working with Digital I O Channels for details on how this is done Direction Sets the direction of the various digital bits as an input 0
72. CE 1 32 Many devices have only 1 module iNetUINT8 chanNum Hardware CHANNEL number 1 32 Each device contains a number of channels each of has which its own channel number iNetChannelAddr To read or write an instruNet field with a Simple Format function one must first load an iNetChannelAddr structure with the netNum deviceNum moduleNum chanNum This is often done with the LoadChannelAddress routine LoadChannelAddress Specify an instruNet channel address instruNet User s Manual Ch 4 A Tutorial for Programmers After the structure is loaded it holds the netNum moduleNum deviceNum chanNum information one can then read or write an instruNet field with any of the following routines SetField int32 Set instruNet field with 32bit signed integer number SetField uint32 Set instruNet field with 32bit unsigned integer number SetField f1t32 Set instruNet field with 32bit floating point number SetField cStr Set instruNet field with C string terminated with 0x00 GetField int32 Read instruNet field into a 32bit signed integer variable GetField uint32 Read instruNet field into a 32bit unsigned integer variable GetField f1t32 Read instruNet field into a 32bit floating point variable GetField cStr Read instruNet field into a C string variable terminated with 0x00 For example the following C code would read the real time value of Channel 1 at Device 1 Module
73. Click on the Range popup and view the options as illustrated to the left Select the largest range e g 5V This Field specifies the voltage input range Accuracy is increased as the range is reduced For example a 80mV range might be accurate to 100uV whereas a 5V range might only be accurate to 2mV If you input a voltage in excess of a bound the bound is read For example If you apply 3V a voltage input with a 1 25V range then 41 25 will be read by the computer instruNet User s Manual 2 15 Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial w Off Click in the Low Pass popup and view the options as illustrated to the left 40Hz The options that you see will depend on the connected hardware device This Field 4KHz is used to select an analog filter at the front end of the voltage input amplifier Please consult Chapter 6 Hardware Reference to learn more about the analog filter options for each hardware Device The Integrate field specifies how long in Seconds instruNet averages an input signal before 1 number is returned to the user This is often used to reduce high frequency noise that has been added to a signal The integration feature is implemented by sampling the signal many times with the A D converter as fast as it can and then averaging the A D values with software The maximum allowable integration time depends on the number of digitized channels and the sample rate For example 2 channels could be sampled at 1000s sec per
74. Controller 1 100 Module Chi Lh Uin Ch3 Vout Saving amp Loading Network Settings Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial When instruNet World resets e g powers on the expansion slots in the computer are scanned for instruNet controllers Each controller found is given a Network Number For example in Figure 2 10 instruNet World found a controller in Slot 14 of a computer and designated the network connected to it as Network 1 Hence the popup reads 1 Slot 14 This popup enables the user to select any instruNet controller installed on the computer There is a special Controller in the popup that is labeled Driver Network 0 This refers to the instruNet Driver itself and appears only once in the Network popup no matter how many Controllers appear The Driver contains fields that determine things like the way displays show data in the Record page The Device popup menu lists the network Devices that are attached to the Controller specified in the Network popup menu When you select a Controller in the Network popup all devices attached to it appear in the Device popup In the figure shown to the left only one network device is attached to the Controller in Slot 14 and it appears as the second item in the popup It is a Model 100 and is designated Device 1 1 100 The Controller itself is a Device Device 0 and appears as the first item in the Device popup The Controller contains Fields that are specific to the contr
75. D Max where RTD Max is the RTD resistance at 0 C times 4 4 Set the Rshunt field in the Constants settings area to 13 6 5 Set the Ro field in the Constants settings area to the resistance of the RTD at 0 C in ohms units 6 Setthe Vout field in the Constants settings area to specify the excitation voltage that is to be applied to the divider In high current cases e g gt 2mA it is often helpful to alternate the polarity of the excitation voltages to evenly burden the 12V supplies 7 Set the alpha field in the Constants settings area to the alpha value of your RTD 8 Set the delta Rlead field in the Constants settings area to the delta value of your RTD 9 Wire your voltage source per figure 3 13 and refer to the steps at the beginning of this chapter for more information on how to set up your sensor To reduce noise 0 001 seconds of integration is often helpful i e set the Integrate field in the Hardware setting area to 0 001 5 10 3 16 instruNet User s Manual Ch 3 Connecting to Sensors Temperature Temperature measurement using an RTD in Measurement abridge circuit involves wiring an RTD as RTD is leg ofa beens kes applying i voltage across the bridge and measuring the Bridge Circuit voltage across the two intermediate bridge nodes via a pair of instruNet Vin and Vin input terminals The excitation voltage for the bridge is supplied by either the instruNet Vout
76. Delete Variables Clear Variables or exits instruNet World Execute pageFileOrStr Executes the text in the specified page open file or string With files one must first use the Open command to open an existing file or the Create command to create a new file and then close the file with the Close command when done For variable Start To Stop Next This is the traditional For loop which facilitates a loop with a control variable that increments by 1 each time through the loop starting at Start and going until Stop For example the code below prints Channel 1 three times For to 3 Print Cycle c Chl Vin Channel 1 1 1 1 Nr Next Goto label label Labels are unique words by themselves on one line with a suffix e g StageTwo They are ignored when executed directly yet instead are used as targets for a Goto Label statement For example the code below continuously prints Channel 1 TakeData Print Chl Vin Channel 1 1 1 1 Wr Goto TakeData instruNet User s Manual 9 15 Ch 9 instruNet BASIC If mathExpression elseif mathExpression else endif The If Elseif Else Endif commands facilitate executing specific fragments of code depending on a mathematical test The Elseif components can be repeated many times providing a means by which one can include many different cases Endif must be placed at the end of the decision tree Below is an example of an If b
77. EI Chi Vint i1 1 1 00262 iUolts Chis Vint i1 1 1 000115 iUolts i Uol tage Chib Uint 11 171 0D0S18 Wolts Chg Wink D 000140 Uolts jii1DD Mol tage 1 Che Uint 11 171 006370 Vol ts ch AA Be 000300 Volts 2100 jMeltage AFAFA 000206 Volts 121 1 007665 iVolts i Uol tage P E nE ru SEU TET TTE ECL ERECEEER 003507 00000 1 Select Record Select Test acol through ecrall through Page Page channel settings channel listing Figure 5 2 The Network Page 5 2 instruNet User s Manual Ch 5 instruNet World Application Program Overview The Network Page is used to view and modify Fields that control all Analog Digital and Timer I O channels within an instruNet network These Fields do things like define the cut off frequency of a digital low pass filter set the range of a voltage input or define the type of sensor that is connected to the input Surfing The After starting the instruNet World application the Network Page is Net selected by clicking the Network tab at the bottom of the instruNet World window Your Network Page will resemble Figure 5 2 although your rows and columns may differ depending on what is attached to your network gt Each row corresponds to a Channel e g typically one sensor is attached to each voltage input channel and the co
78. For details please see Ch2 Working with Controller Digital Timer I O Channels Digital Outputs Digital Output Port Logic Output Levels Clock Outputs Duty Cycle Range Period Range Time Base Accuracy Output Signal 1 latching output bit per channel TTL compatible VoH 2V min 5V max VoL 0 5V max OV min 12mA max Ior 24mA max 01 to 100 Susec to 536 sec programmable 0 01 TTL Compatible Power Available to User 5V 12V 12V These terminals can be used to power external devices The maximum allowed current listed to the right must not be exceeded otherwise damage might occur to the Controller or computer To power an external device one must attach a wire from one of the Controller power terminals to the external device s power input and also attach a wire from the Controller s Gnd terminal to the external device ground 5V 12V 12V 300 mA max 50 mA max 50 mA max Table 6 1 Model 200 and 220 Controller 34 pin Connector Technical Specifications The Model 230 PC Card Controller does not include the 34 Pin Digital I O Connectors and its signals instruNet User s Manual Ch 6 Hardware Reference Model 230 PC Card instruNet Controller The Model 230 s PC Card 16bit PCMCIA instruNet Controller attaches to a personal computer via a 16bit PC Card slot to drive an instruNet network as illustrated in Figure 6 2 Device 2 Device 1 instruNet a 2 BE
79. Label does not effect instruNet numerically yet is interpreted as random text that is simply placed next numbers i e it is a label The Mapping fields however effect numbers yet not labels The Mapping numbers can also be used to implement calibration Suppose a thermocouple i e temperature sensor is attached to instruNet and is already returning C numbers since that is the native units for the thermocouple yet you find there is a 2 C offset error in your sensor and want instruNet to correct for this error To do this the user would set up a mapping from internal units to external units that reflected the offset error e g internal 100 C internal 0 0 C external 102 C external 2 0 C Notice that Mapping can be used to correct for an offset error by adding a constant and can correct for a gain error by multiplying by a constant The Mapping setting area describes a line using two different methods two points xj y 1 x2 y2 and y x scale offset One can use either method For example instead of setting the above 4 values one could have set the Offset field to 2 0 to show a 2 C Offset When the Scale or Offset fields are changed the 1 2 2 fields update automatically to reflect the new line when the OK or Enter button is pressed instruNet User s Manual 2 21 Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial Working with Digital Filters All voltage input channels support digital lowpass highp
80. Multiple Controllers Next Step Ch 1 Installation 1 gt RR 1 WWWNONNNNR RRR eR DON nanne ORNKF OO instruNet User s Manual TC 3 Ch 1 Installation Chapter 3 Connecting to Sensors Connecting a Sensor to instruNet Sensor Reference Single ended Voltage Measurement Differential Voltage Measurement Bridge Ratio Voltage Measurement Current Measurement Resistance Measurement Voltage Divider Circuit Resistance Measurement Bridge Circuit Strain Gage Measurement Voltage Divider Circuit Strain Gage Measurement Quarter Bridge Strain Gage Measurement Half Bridge Bending Strain Gage Measurement Half Bridge Axial Strain Gage Measurement Full Bridge Bending Strain Gage Measurement Full Bridge Axial I Strain Gage Measurement Full Bridge Axial IT Temperature Measurement RTD Voltage Divider Temperature Measurement RTD Bridge Circuit Temperature Measurement Thermocouple Temperature Measurement Thermistor Sensor Reference Footnotes Chapter 4 A Tutorial For Programmers Programming Overview instruNet Function Call Simple Format Functions Digitizing Support Functions Interface Files Programming Examples instruNet Data Types instruNet Macros Example Code Tutorial Summary Getting Started Working with any C compiler Getting Started with Ma
81. NEL iNetUINT8 intention ion intention intention getValue intention setValue intention getNameStr intention getMaxValue iNetUINT8 argType argument type intl6 int32 stri5 etc void ptrToArg this is where data is kept we read or write to this location These parameters specify a field such as the cut off frequency of a low pass filter the sample rate or the actual real time value of a channel This function can both read from and write to any field on the network For a description of each field please refer to Ch 6 One uses iNet to both set up the networks and then do I O with the various channels Also iNet can be used to tell the instruNet Controllers to digitize and then download the digitized data into computer memory iNet is extremely powerful it can even open the instruNet World window and turn over control to the user There are also a collection of Simple Format functions that read and write instruNet fields using a structure that specifies a channel address netNum deviceNum moduleNum chanNum This structure User Defined Variable if in Visual Basic is defined as follows typedef struct iNetChannelAddr iNetUINT8 netNum NETWORK number 0 numNetworks 0 is Driver 1 is the first controller installed into the computer iNetUINT8 deviceNum DEVICE number 0 numDevices 0 Controller 1 1st device on network iNetUINT8 moduleNum MODULE number within hardware DEVI
82. Ripple StopB Attn Ch14 Vin Filter Order PassB F1 Hz StopB Hz Ch16 Vin Highpass Filter Filter type PassB Ripple StopB Attn Ch17 Vin Filter Order PassB F1 Hz StopB F1 Hz Ch19 Vin Bandpass Filter Filter type PassB Ripple StopB Attn Ch20 Vin Filter Order PassB F1 Hz StopB F1 Hz Ch22 Vin PassB F2 Hz StopB F2 Hz Ch23 Vin Bandstop Filter Filter type PassB Ripple StopB Attn Filter Order PassB F1 Hz StopB Hz PassB F2 Hz StopB F2 Hz File File Digitize File Name Command Scan Num Ist Pt Num Num Pts Driver Ram Digitize On Off Buffer Addr Ptr Byte Size Scan Num In Pt Num In Scan Num Pt Num Out User Ram Digitize On Off User Ptr Ptr Bytes Size Scan Num In Pt Num In Scan Num Out Pt Num Out Ch3 Ch6 Ch9 General Value Output Units Label User Name Ch12 Chl5 Sample Rate Ch18 Ch21 Display Display On Off Disp Max EU Ch24 Vout Display Min EU Ch25 DIO General Value Output Units Label User Name Sample Rate Display Display On Off Disp Max EU Display Min EU Hardware Digital Out Direction Table 7 1 Channel Reference 7 2 instruNet User s Manual Ch 8 Settings Reference 8 Settings Reference This chapter summarizes the Setting
83. Scan General 6 Specifies general information about a channel such as its name and value Value I O Specifies realtime value of the channel in engineering Units If the channel is a voltage input this reflects the realtime voltage at the input terminals If the channel is a voltage output this is the voltage at the output terminals d Units Label Specifies vertical label that is shown in the Record page and Probe dialog displays e g Volts C User Name3 Specifies the name of the channel that is shown in the displays e g Pressurel 2 96 Sample Specifies the channel s sample rate as a percentage of the master sample Rate rate that is defined in the Timing dialog press Timing in Setup dialog 001 100 For example if the master sample rate is 1Ks sec and Ch1 s Sample Rate is set to 25 then Chl will digitize at 250s sec Hardware 3 Specifies parameters that control a Voltage Input channel For more with information please refer to Chapter 2 Working with Sensors and Chapter Voltage 3 Connecting To Sensors Input Channels Sensor Specifies type of sensor attached to Voltage input terminals Voltage Current Resistance3 Strain Gage4 RTDs Types J6 K7 Eo R10 S11 B12 N13 Thermocouple Thermistor 4 Wiring Specifies wiring at Voltage input terminals Vin Vin Vin Gnd Shunt Resistor3 Voltage Divider4 Bridges Quarter
84. Value instruNetDT INT16 void gINT16TempArg specificPage amp gINTl16TempArg amp gINT16TempArg Example 1 does the following things using the instruNet interface functions C source code is shown in Courier font 1 Load instruNet Driver The C code below calls Load instruNet Driver to load the instruNet Driver and to get the number of installed controller cards If the driver does not load properly an error is returned and Show ALERT if hit iNet Error displays a dialog box with an error code Please consult Appendix II for more information on error codes iNetError e iNetINT16 driverIsInstalledOK numNetworks e if Load instruNet Driver TRUE reset instruNet amp driverlIsInstalledOK amp numNetworks e iNetErr None Show ALERT if hit iNet Error e return 0 Tell the instruNet Driver to open the Network Page Window The C code below tells the driver to open the Network Page Window From the Network Page fields can be viewed and set following the procedures in Chapter 2 instruNet Tutorial If a non zero error code is returned the program will jump to an exit routine OPEN instruNet WINDOW instruNetCM OpenWindow Network e goto Exit instruNet User s Manual Ch 4 A Tutorial for Programmers 3 Read several voltage inputs and set a voltage output The next few lines of code read several voltage inputs and write to a
85. a little different from the Figures E CES eeeneel li 2l4LL4AQRsegn m e lLne Channel Metarork Device Module 3t Channe Addr i Wo ue Input Units E sRate i Sensor Wiring 2 9199 19 fis 0 000338 Bo Mnt ok Wisi 30 000571 Melts i100 jUoltage jUin j Fields The Network Page Figure 2 5 Partial view of the Network Page Each row in the Network page corresponds to an input or output channel which is often associated with a physical sensor in the real world Each channel has a Network Module Device Channel address both within the software data tree and the physical outside world This address is shown in the first 4 columns of the Network page The first column indicates the Channel name and number For example Chl Vin1 is Channel 1 and the channel name is Ch1 Vinl Columns 2 through 4 indicate the channel s Network Device and Module which correspond to a physical address The column labeled Value Input depicts the current real time value input or output of the channel in engineering units All columns to the right of the Value Input column are Fields that specify the type of signal connected to the channel and how it is being read The horizontal and vertical scroll bars are used to move around and make changes to the tables contents To change a Field s setting one can click on its cell and then change its value For example to change the name of channel C
86. able iNet cString Reads or writes to a field via a C string variable iNet pString Reads or writes to a field via a Pascal string variable iNet DLL Reads or writes to a field via any type of variable DRIVER ROUTINES Load instruNet Driver Loads instruNet driver into memory 4 4 instruNet User s Manual Ch 4 A Tutorial for Programmers CloseDriverAndReleaseDriverRam Closes instruNet driver and releases memory Show ALERT if hit iNet Error Shows an alert if instruNet hit an error Show Simple Alert Displays a message in an alert dialog box Get iNet Error Gets error code to last instruNet function call Get Last iNet Call Returns pointer to struct with params to last iNet call Interface Files instruNet disk includes interface files for C and Visual BASIC that enable your program to call the above listed functions No compiler object files are used therefore you are not at the mercy of a specific version of a specific compiler on a specific computer Instead you simply add the following glue source code to your program VB Files C Files Interface Description INET Interface bas INET INT C Contains low level source code that INET Common Code bas interfaces to the instruNet driver INET Declarations bas INET INT H Contains many low level enums and defines that support instruNet INET Macros bas INET MCS H Contains macros that help set read instruNet field
87. ace for Symantec C C is compatible with Symantec C C for 68k Macintosh and PowerPC version 7 0 or 8 0 Minimal system requirements are a 68020 Macintosh with at least 8 Meg of RAM and System 7 0 or newer Recommended system requirements are a 68040 or PowerPC Macintosh with 16 Meg of RAM System 7 or newer and Color QuickDraw are also required Getting Started get started with Symantec please do the following steps 1 Make sure you have done Chi Installation and Ch2 Tutorial in its entirety 2 Install Symantec C C onto your computer launch the compiler and then run an example Symantec C C project to verify that your compiler is set up properly You can try running the Hello World project or any of the other Symantec supplied projects Close the example project 3 Create a new folder called instruNet Symantec C Example and place 2 folders inside it called instruNet C Source and End User Source Copy i e duplicate the following files and place them into the instruNet C Source folder INET INT C INET MCS H INET INT H INET EX1 C or INET EX2 C 4 Select New Project from the File menu Select Empty Project in the New Project popup or select an ANSI C project stationary give the project a name e g instruNet Symantec C Example and put it into the instruNet example instruNet User s Manual 4 9 Ch 4 A Tutorial for Programmers Add the files INET_INT c and
88. ak you out Read the example program source code and comments to get a feel for instruNet programming Step through the source code with the debugger to see it run on a line by line basis Read the documentation in the INET_MCS H and INET_INT H include files 8 Modify the Example source code to meet your own needs Getting Started with Mac metrowerks CodeWarrior C C Getting Started The instruNet interface for metrowerks CodeWarrior C C is compatible with metrowerks CodeWarrior for 68k Macintosh and PowerPC Minimal system requirements are a 68020 Macintosh with at least 8 Meg of RAM Recommended system requirements are a 68040 or PowerPC Macintosh with 16 Meg of RAM System 7 or newer are also required instruNet can run on any version of metrowerks C greater than 7 0 on a 68K or Power Macintosh To get started with CodeWarrior C C please do the following steps 1 Make sure you have done Chi Installation and Ch2 Tutorial in its entirety 2 Install metrowerks CodeWarrior onto your computer launch the compiler and then run an example CodeWarrior project to verify that your C C compiler is instruNet User s Manual Ch 4 A Tutorial for Programmers set up properly You can try running the MW Hello World project or any of the other metrowerks supplied projects Close the example project Create a new folder called instruNet CodeWarrior C Example and place 2 folders inside it called instruNet C So
89. amming Modify the Example source code to meet your own needs instruNet User s Manual Ch 4 A Tutorial for Programmers Getting Started with Microsoft C C 4 x for Windows 95 NT Compatibility The instruNet interface for Microsoft C C is compatible with Version 4 x which requires a 2 80386 PC PC Compatible Computer running Windows 95 and 28 MB Ram Getting Started get started with Microsoft C C please do the following steps 1 Make sure you have done Ch2 Tutorial in its entirety 2 Install Microsoft C C onto your hard disk load an example program compile and then run to verify that your C C is set up properly 3 Duplicate the Project MS 4 x C Example directory in the instruNet Win95 Disk directory It contains the following source files Inet_int c Inet int h Inet_Exl c Inet Ex2 c and iNet mcs h We will run modify the files in the duplicate copy 4 Open Inet32 ExampleN mdp with the Microsoft Developer Studio select Set Default Configuration under Build choose Win32 Debug press OK select Debug Step Into under Build and watch it compile You should not get any compiler errors or warnings If it builds properly it will begin to run under the debugger Press the Step Over under Debug i e F10 button to step through the example program 5 Step through the example program to verify that the compiler example files driver and computer are all working well together Some lines of
90. and is 3 14159 6 Selecting a Voltage Divider Shunt Resistor Shunt resistor values are typically chosen to cause a large voltage several volts maximum to be measured by instruNet without heating up the resistor significantly to cause its resistance to change or causing the excitation voltage source to over shoot its maximum output current e g 4mA on the iNet 100 100B and 15mA on iNet 100HC If the Rshunt value is low then the voltage across it is low and this decreases the signal to noise ratio of the measured signal Also Rshunt must be selected such that the voltage across Runknown does not exceed the instruNet maximum input voltage e g 5V with the Model 100 Due to these limitations instruNet might not let you set some of the fields too high or too low 7 Voltage Range Settings For Strain Gages Since strain gage voltages are often very small a small input range e g 10mV works best for most measurements Increasing the voltage range increases the range of strain that can be read while sacrificing accuracy with small voltages e g instruNet can read 5mV more accurately with 10mV range than with a 100mV range Please refer to your equation for details on how strain relates to voltage measured instruNet User s Manual Ch 3 Connecting to Sensors 8 Balancing your Bridge with the Vinit Correction Voltage Vinit is the voltage measured across the intermediate nodes of the bridge when the strain
91. ants settings area is not set correctly d Make sure you do not exceed the maximum input voltage Make sure you are not exceeding the maximum input voltage with respect to the Gnd terminal as specified in Ch8 Hardware Reference To check this measure the voltage between the Vin or Vin terminal and the Gnd terminal with a Volt Meter For example in the Model 100 this voltage must not be less than 5V or greater than 5V Exceeding a maximum typically does not cause damage unless it is very large e g greater than 20V e Check your ground connections If the ground between the instruNet device and your signal source is unstable then connecting a wire between the instruNet Gnd terminal and your signal source ground might help e g attach a wire or 1Kohm resistor between the GND and Vin terminals Alternatively if the instruNet Gnd is tied to the ground of your signal source and these are at different voltages with respect to Earth ground then current will flow between them This current will cause voltage drops and subsequently may induce weird effects breaking this ground connection might help The best way to determine what helps is to try different things e g hold a wire between two grounds and observe what happens in the display at the bottom of the Probe dialog g Recheck your work Recheck your hardware wiring and software settings instruNet User s Manual 3 5 Ch 3 Connecting to Sensors 12 Save your
92. apter 8 file instruNet BASIC Documentation Template doc or the previous Channel Setup and Calibration Example discussion The optional separator parameter is text that is placed between each data point e g is a tab and the optional astRowChar parameter is text that is placed at the end of each row e g r is a carriage return The optional charPerCol parameter specifies the number of characters dedicated to each point padding with spaces when necessary For an example please see Print Digitized Channels Example found earlier in this chapter File Commands For a discussion of file issues and a review of example files code please see the File I O Example discussion found earlier in this chapter 9 20 instruNet User Manual Ch 9 instruNet BASIC Close fileName a11 Closes the specified open file or if keyword all is specified closes all open instruNet files Create fileName masterDir showDialog lastDialog osDir appDir Creates a file with the specified file name in the specified directory Keyword showDialog invokes the File Save dialog to allow the user to specify the OS file name which is different from fileName used by the code to keep track of the new file and file save location keyword lastDialog causes the new file to be placed in the same directory as the last file I O operation keyword osDir causes the file to be placed in the operating system directory i e Wi
93. arameters as described below Network Number If O this refers to the Driver itself e g plot lines or dots in the Record displays otherwise this number refers to an instruNet Controller board where the first board found in the computer is designated Network Number 1 the 2nd board found is Network 2 etc Device Number This refers to hardware devices e g Model 100 attached to an instruNet Controller board where the hardware Device closest to the Controller is Device 1 the next device is Device 2 etc Module Number This refers to the module within a hardware device At this time all Devices have only 1 module that is referred to as Module 1 Channel Number This refers to a specific channel in a hardware device Each channel typically corresponds to a physical wire somewhere such as a voltage input voltage output digital input or digital output For example in the Model 100 the screw terminal marked Chl Vin is Channel 1 and is a voltage input Setting Number Each channel includes different Settings areas such as lowpass filter settings highpass filters settings Hardware settings etc It is here that one selects a settings group e g Lowpass Filter fields have a Settings Number of 9 Field Number This is the Field Number 1 8 within a settings group For example in the Lowpass Filter settings group the cut off frequency in Hertz is stored in Field 5 The instruNet World user navigates within this data
94. art recorder mode and Oscilloscope or Oscillo Queued are selected for oscilloscope mode Refer to the Oscilloscope or Strip Chart section of Chapter 5 for a full description of these modes The Digitize field is used by programmers instruNet User s Manual Trigger Modes Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial instruNet Networks are self configuring and on startup determine the maximum rate at which data can be transferred This rate is displayed after pressing the Timing button in the Network BPS field in units of bits per second 4 million bits per seconds is the fastest and 100Kbps is the slowest This rate slows down with networks that have many Devices and long network cables i e gt 100ft Select Oscilloscope in the Scan Mode popup and set the Pts Per Scan field to 100 100 points at 1000s sec will take 1 seconds to acquire Leave the rest of the Dialog in its default settings and click OK to return to the Record Page Click the Start button to begin digitizing Notice how 0 1 second long waveforms continuously appear on the screen in a manner similar to an Oscilloscope Before we were in Strip Chart mode where these segments were continuous with respect to each other We are now in Oscilloscope mode To learn much more about digitizing please refer to the Record page discussion in Chapter 5 instruNet World Reference Click the Stop button to stop digitizing and then click on the top E Settings ___General
95. as restarting the computer For example Reset will reset clock in the controller whereas Clear will not Working with Sensors Any voltage input channel can attach to any of the following sensors Voltage source Current source Resistance source Strain Gage RTD or types J K T E R S B and N Thermocouples Sensors can be wired in a variety of configurations including Differential Voltage Measurement requires 2 voltage input channels e g Chl Vin and Chi Vin Single ended Voltage Measurement Shunt Resistor Voltage Divider Bridge Quarter Bridge and for strain gages Half Bridge Bend Half Bridge Axial Full Bridge Bend Full Bridge Axial I and Full Bridge Axial II Select the Network page by clicking on the Network tab Click on the name of the voltage input channel with the attached signal source e g Chl Vin The Probe dialog will open with the address of the channel you clicked on displayed in the Network Address Additionally the real time value of the channel in Engineering Units EU will appear at the bottom of the display as shown in Figure 2 11 Real time plot of channel s value 1 25 2 5 3 75 Secs Chi Vint 2 52568 Volts Actual reading in Engineering Units instruNet User s Manual Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial Figure 2 11 The Snapshot Display e Select Hardware in the Settings popup as shown in Figure 2 12 Seine Hardware eene reete pee Sensor Voltage Range Wiring
96. ase of the window And BASIC can easily print notes and data to these pages save the text to disk and load text from disk Also with several lines of BASIC code one can spool digitized data to disk in one large text file filling a 2 GByte file at rates of approximately 5000 points second instruNet BASIC can also create buttons at the top of the instruNet World window that execute BASIC code when pressed Buttons can be used to set up the calibration of channels record data save data and view data instruNet BASIC can declare a list of channels that are many channels long and then with one line of code globally set a field e g sensor type wiring integration for each of those channels This enables one to set up channels without manually setting fields within the instruNet Network page For more details please see the text files in folders instruNet BASIC Examples and instruNet BASIC Documentation One can read these by pressing the BASIC tab at the base of the instruNet World window pressing the Open button and then navigating to the instruNet BASIC directory Print Digitized Channels Example The following code creates a button called Record that when pressed digitizes 3 points from several channels and prints the results to an instruNet World text window in a table like format As shown below each channel has its own column and each dataset its own row Chl Vint Ch4 Vint Volts Volts 1 231531e 2 3 976332e0 1 899534e
97. ase the Ripple field value filters order being increased by 1 EOrderToo Specified filter order is too Increase the digital filter Attenuation field value or Low DCIIR low order being decrease the Ripple field value automatically increased Table AII Error Codes instruNet User s Manual Appendix II 5 Appendix Il instruNet Error Codes 66 EActualOrder Required filter order Check digital filter fields DCIIR s biquadratic section s 67 iNetErr_ a variable type in interface Latest version of instruNet Driver might help Try InterfaceCom file e g INET_INT C 15 pressing Reset button or Resetting computer Check piledBadly bad Interface to and installation of instruNet Driver 68 iNetErr_ the key field passed to Latest version of instruNet Driver might help Try BadInterface driver is bad pressing Reset button or Resetting computer Check Interface to and installation of instruNet Driver 69 iNetErr_ bad address passed to Latest version of instruNet Driver might help Try BadAddrPa driver pressing Reset button or Resetting computer Check ssedToDriver Interface to and installation of instruNet Driver
98. ased decision tree if x 0 print x is 0 elseif x 1 print x its 1 else print x is not 0 and not 1 endif If mathExpression then commandToExecutelfMathExpressionIsTrue This is a one line version of the traditional If mathExp EndIf where only one line of code is executed if the math expression is true There is no body of code and no EndIf command in this one line version For example If a 2 then Beep sounds a beep if variable a is less than 2 License 555555 Registers the 13 digit instruNet BASIC license and enables BASIC for your computer This license is printed on a sheet of paper included with the iNet 200s iNet 220s iNet 230s and iNet 350 products The license command saves the license number in the Operating System directory therefore one only has to do this once while the current OS directory is in service The license is in a Zz ssssss yyyyy format where ssssss matches the serial number of the controller card i e iNet 2x0 The license for each controller card is unique If you purchased instruNet BASIC iNet 350 you will need to contact your supplier to make sure you get a license number that matches your controller card Loop numCycles secsPerLoop mouseStop EndLoop Executes the code between Loop and EndLoop numCycles times If the secsPerLoop parameter is not specified the loop executes as fast as possible otherwise it executes the body of th
99. ass bandpass and bandstop filters The cut off frequencies minimum dB stopband attenuation i e filter order maximum dB passband attenuation and filter type e g elliptic Chebyshev B Chebyshev S and Butterworth can all be programmed separately for each channel via the Lowpass Highpass Bandpass and Bandstop Settings areas In fact these 4 models can be run at the same time i e in serial to simultaneously do lowpass bandpass bandstop and highpass filtering on the same channel For example one might only want to see frequencies between 20 and 1000Hz except for the 55 to 65 band This would involve a highpass filter at 20Hz a bandstop filter between 55 and 65Hz and a lowpass filter at 1000Hz Select the Network page by clicking on the Network tab and then press the Reset button to reset the network and all Fields Click the channel name cell of the channel that is attached to your signal source e g Chl Vin and then select Lowpass in the Settings popup as shown in Figure 2 19 v Uff Elliptic Filter Off PassB F1 Hz oo Chebyshev P Chebyshev s PassBRippe stopB F1 nz e 0 Tero e a Passe F2 Hz 0 Figure 2 19 Lowpass Filter settings area The lowpass filter is illustrated in Figure 2 20 Notice that 4 numbers are needed to describe the lowpass filter minimum stop band attenuation dB maximum pass band ripple dB pass band cut off frequency Hz and stop band
100. asured temperature will be shown as varying in the opposite direction from ambient e g if the instruNet terminals are at 25 C the thermocouple is at 35 C and the leads are backwards then instruNet will report 15 C 5 If your measured signal is noisy try connecting a wire or Kohm resistor between the Vin and GND terminals to reduce common mode noise and refer to footnote 5 at the end of this chapter for details on how to low pass filter the measured signal To reduce noise 0 001 seconds of integration is often helpful i e set the Integrate field in the Hardware setting area to 0 001 3 18 instruNet User s Manual Ch 3 Connecting to Sensors Thermistor Thermistors are two wire devices whose Temperature resistance varies with temperature in a known Measurement _ fashion often accurate to 0 2 C The instruNet thermistor measurement feature supports ysi Omega 100ohm to IMohm thermistors between the temperatures of 80 C to 250 C When Thermistor is selected in the Sensor popup instruNet assumes a thermistor is connected in the prescribed fashion and subsequently returns the thermistor temperature in degrees C units after applying a Steinhart amp Hart resistance to temperature conversion Measuring a thermistor temperature involves a voltage divider circuit with a shunt resistor of known value applying a voltage across the pair and measuring the voltage across the thermistor as illustrated to the rig
101. asurement using Measurement a 1 4 bridge circuit involves wiring a strain gage as one leg of a full bridge circuit applying a voltage across the bridge and measuring the voltage across the two intermediate bridge nodes via a pair of instruNet Vin and Vin input Fig 3 7 Strain Measurement terminals The excitation Quarter Bridge Circuit voltage for the bridge is supplied by either the instruNet Vout terminal or by an external voltage source In figure 3 7 Rgage is a strain gage Ro is either a fixed resistor of known value or a fixed unstrained strain gage of value Ro and Ry is the lead wire resistance instruNet calculates the value of the strain returning strain engineering units using the equations Quarter Bridge Vr V Vin Vin Vinit Vout Strain 4Vr GF 1 2Vp 1 Ro GF Vinit and Vout are fixed values that are specified by the user in the Constants Settings area whereas Vin Vin are measured in realtime by instruNet Ro and Unstrained Rgage must be the same value e g 3500hms in order for the bridge to operate properly For details on this measurement please request the 6pg Quarter Bridge Strain Gage Application Note from your instruNet supplier To do Strain Gage measurement using a 1 4 Bridge circuit you must 1 Setthe Sensor field in the Hardware settings area to Strain Gage 2 Set the Range field in the Hardware settings ar
102. at the base of the window For example Hide Network hides the Network tab at the base of the window and prevents the user from selecting it Show Hide pageName buttonName 9 18 instruNet User Manual Ch 9 instruNet BASIC Shows or hides a button at the top of the window For example Hide BASIC Execute hides the Execute button in the BASIC page preventing the user from pressing it Data Acquisition Commands Calibrate Hardware Implements full instruNet hardware calibration This takes several seconds and is used primarily to correct for minute measurement errors caused by temperature drifts Calibrate Gages This does a 0 uStrain calibration for all channels that are set up as strain gages by reading the voltage across the bridge and placing it into the Constants Vinit field for each strain gage channel Calibrate Bridges This balances all channels that are set up with a Bridge wiring type by reading the voltage across the bridge and placing it into the Constants Vinit field for each bridge channel Calibrate VDividers This balances all channels that are set up with Voltage Divider wiring by reading the voltage across the sense resistor and placing it into the Constants Vinit field for each voltage divider channel Calibrate chList Vinit For each channel in the cAList the Vinit fields are loaded with the measured voltage The Vinit fields are used to balance a bridge Calibrate chList I
103. be saved and if they are not Load Fields If Load Fieldsy is set to the network Fields are loaded from disk when one presses the Open button in the Record page or Off2 File Types Specifies the file type for waveforms saved to disk via the Save button in the Record page Binary Text ASCII Text Merge ASCIT s Binary Merge4 Binary and Binary Merge are fast and compact whereas Text is compatible with other programs such as word processors and spreadsheets Text Merge saves an additional Merged txt text file that contains all waves in one file Binary Merge saves all channels in 1 file and spools to disk very fast whereas Binary saves each channel in its own file and uses less RAM memory Commandg Writing New Directory to the Commande field causes a new directory folder to be created Writing Show Dialog to the Commandg field causes the File Open dialog to appear which enables one to modify the Path Name field Commande is used primarily by programmers Table 8 1 Channel Setting Group Reference instruNet User s Manual 8 3 Ch 8 Settings Reference Settings fT Group Field fieidNum Display 7 Defines the vertical scale of Record page Displays and allows one to enable a channel for digitizing Display If Display is set to the channel is enabled for digitizing when the Start button is pressed in the Record page Onj or Off Disp
104. ber in the memory Minimum Size field Each point consumes 4 bytes since they are stored as 32 bit floating point numbers For example 100K points would consume 400KBytes If you have just completed an acquisition with data being sent to RAM and want to save it to disk press the Save button at the top of the Record page This will save all waves to disk You can then load the waves by pressing the Open button To File If you want to save all scans to disk set the Digitize Into option to To File This will cause all waves to be spooled to disk as they are acquired If you are doing Strip Chart work you can then use the horizontal scroll bar to scroll through the entire stream of data To load in data that was previously saved to disk press the Open button and then select a previously saved wave in the File Open dialog Saving to disk is helpful if your waveforms are longer than available RAM User Control If User Control is selected in the Digitize Into field then data will be saved per the settings in the User Ram Buffer Driver Ram Buffer and File Settings areas which are described later in this manual Trigger Options The Trigger dialog is accessed by pressing the Trigger button within the Setup dialog This dialog is used to specify when digitizing begins after the Start button is pressed as illustrated in Figure 5 10 Set Trigger On or Off Trigger when signal passes this threshold value in engineering units Trigger
105. ble Compiler amp Version if applicable instruNet returned the following error codes or messages To reproduce the problem do the following steps Problem I am encountering the following problems Appendix I 6 instruNet User Manual Appendix II instruNet Error Codes instruNet Error Codes The table below lists error codes returned by the instruNet driver along with possible causes and solutions to the problem These are instruNet error codes and are very different from your operating system error codes Error Error Code Label Possible Cause Possible Solution 0 iNetErm error The operation was successfully completed None LR 1 iNetErr_ potentially anything Try doing things differently and hope it goes away General 2 iNetErr_ instruNet has not been Check cables Try pressing the Reset button See Controller initialized Chapter 1 NotInitialized 3 iNetErr_ instruNet initialization Check network cables and termination Check InitFailed failed software installation Try pressing the Reset button 4 iNetErr_ Device number Make sure all hardware Devices are connected and DeviceNum deviceNum is out of powered on Press Search button in Test page for OutOfRange range list of registered Devi
106. cHour cHour 12 current minute cMinute cMinute 21 current second cSecond cSecond 42 instruNet User Manual Debugging Objects Program Code Commands Pages amp Buttons Variables Ch 9 instruNet BASIC Below are several techniques that aid the debugging process 1 An alert typically appears when the instruNet BASIC interpreter hits a problematic line of code alerting the user to a specific problem Also if the code is executing out of the BASIC page the problematic line is automatically selected in the text editor 2 Enable debugging by placing the following in your program code Debug On This causes debugging information to be printed to the BASIC page each time a line of code is executed 3 Add print statements to your code to indicate progress as it executes One could print to the BASIC page or the Test page i e Print BASIC or Print Test sd 4 Press the Stop button at the top of the BASIC page to stop execution of all code if you think it is stuck in an infinite loop instruNet BASIC works with the following objects instruNet BASIC contains a list of commands that are recognized by the instruNet BASIC interpreter This code can be loaded into an instruNet window for execution or can be executed directly from a file via the Execute command Each command e g Alert Print resides on one row in the code file where the first word is the command and parameters follow separated by
107. ces Make sure the specified deviceNum is correct See Chapter 1 5 iNetErr_ Channel number is out of Make sure the specified chanNum channel number ChannelNum range parameter is correct See Chapter 7 OutOfRange 6 iNetErr_ Field number is out of Make sure the specified fieldNum field number FieldNum range parameter is correct See Chapter 8 OutOfRange 7 iNetErr_ instruNet Controller not Make sure the specified netNum network number ControllerNot found parameter is correct Press Search button in Test Found page for list of registered Networks See Chapter 1 Hardware Installation 8 iNetErr_ specified netNum deviceNum Make sure the specified netNum deviceNum FieldDoesNot moduleNum chanNum settingNum moduleNum chanNum settingNum Exist fieldNum parameters are correct See Chapter 8 Table AII Error Codes instruNet User s Manual Appendix II 1 Appendix Il instruNet Error Codes iNetErr_ BadfieldNat iveDataType iNetErr_ BadField ReadType iNetErr_ Timeout AtReadBegin bad data type bad read type time out at controller crashed controller moduleNum chanNum settingNum Make sure the specified netNum deviceNum fieldNum parameters are correct See Chapter 8 moduleNum chanNum settingNum Make sure the specified netNum deviceNum fie
108. channels For example the Model 100 Device offers 8 bi directional digital I O bits where 8 different terminals physically marked DIO1 DIO8 can be set up independently as either a digital input or digital output With the Model 100 digital outputs 0 to 8V is a logic 0 and 2V to 5V is a logic 1 however with the Model 100 digital inputs 0 to 1V is a logic 0 and 3 2V to 5V is a logic 1 Also with these signals voltages above 12V or below 12V will result in physical damage careful These 8 hardware bits are all handled by 1 instruNet channel named Ch25 Dio where the 8bits are read from or written to with a 1 byte word i e 8 bits in a number between 0 and 255 To set digital output bits such as those on the Model 100 it is necessary to do the following kinds of things Click on the cell that contains the name of a Digital I O Channel e g Ch25 Dio and select Hardware in the Settings popup menu The Direction field specifies the bit direction where a value of 1 specifies output and 0 specifies input This field packs the 8bits into one 0 to 255 number where dO corresponds to DIOI d1 corresponds to DIO2 etc For example 410 000001002 would specify DIO3 as an output and the rest of the hardware bits are inputs A Direction value of 010 000000002 specifies all hardware bits as inputs and a value of 25510 2 111111112 specifies all bits as outputs The Digital Out field is used to set the state of the bits that have b
109. cintosh Symantec C C Getting Started with Macintosh metrowerks CodeWarrior C C Getting Started with Microsoft Visual Basic for Windows 95 NT Getting Started with Microsoft C C for Windows 95 NT R2 Ea Ea pa pa pa pa pa EA EA AD OO OO OS ON 02 2 2 2 GW 2 WW WWW Ww DOoOmMAMNNBWWNK BHRHRHHHHASHHHAHHHAHSE r RO COO NNO Dco instruNet User s Manual Chapter 5 instruNet World Program Reference The Network Page Overview Surfing The Net Modifying Fields Channels Turning A Channel On Pull Down Menus Saving Your Configuration Reconnecting With A Changed Network Buttons The Record Page Setting Up Channels Setting Up Displays Oscilloscope or Strip Chart Setup Options Saving Data Trigger Options Getting Ready to Digitize Digitizing If Your Sample Rate is Too Fast Buttons The Test Page Buttons The BASIC Page Buttons Chapter 6 Hardware Reference Model 200 PCI and 220 Nubus instruNet Controllers Specifications Model 230 PC Card instruNet Controllers Specifications Model 100 100B and 100HC Network Device Specifications Model 300 Power Adaptor Model 311 and 322 Power Supplies Model 330 Hlectrical Isolator Chapter 7 Channel Reference Channel Reference Chapter 8 Settings Reference Settings Reference Ch 1 Installation EA ea En n Ea ra EEL ON ON CA CA SR NANANBNNNNRO CA CA
110. commend that you create a project that supports the printf text console not needed with Windows C the Operating System rou tines and ANSI routines At a bear minimum you would need to include the following files into a project in order to run an instruNet Example INET EXN C Contains Example N code use one example c file at a time INET INT C Contains interface to instruNet Driver includes files INET MCS H INET_INT H ansi library Contains ANSI subroutines os library Contains interface to Operating System console library Supports printf text window only use with Macintosh To compile the instruNet example code and run it you must 1 Install the instruNet software onto your computer following the directions in Chapter 1 Installation 2 Make sure you have the correct version of the instruNet Driver installed on your comput er 3 Create a new folder called instruNet Example and place 2 folders inside it called instruNet C Source and End User Source Copy i e duplicate the following files and place them into the instruNet C Source folder INET I NT C INET MCS H INET INT H INET EX1 C or INET EX2 C 4 Create a new project that supports the ANSI library and the console window 5 Add IN ET INT C and INET EXN C to the project instruNet User s Manual Ch 4 A Tutorial for Programmers 6 Compile and run
111. counts 4MHz Select the Network page by clicking the Network tab and scroll down until you see the Controller s Ch12 Time channel Notice how the Value cell slowly increments at a second rate 2 30 instruNet User s Manual Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial Working With Multiple Controllers Triggering Off A Digital Input Next Step instruNet supports multiple controllers i e networks in one computer In this case the meaning of the network number becomes more important since it selects a particular network in the data tree from which to operate To digitize simultaneously from multiple controllers one must select channels for digitizing in the Network page any channel combination across all controllers and then press the Start button in the Record page There is one complexity however which is that each controller has its own Trigger settings This is because each controller operates independently i e each has its own processor that manages its own data acquisition task To access a Trigger dialog for a specific network press the Trigger button in the Setup Dialog and then select a specific network in the Network popup menu Setting the Trigger with multiple controllers is a little tricky since one controller cannot physically see the trigger signal attached to other controllers and each controller has no way of sending messages to its colleagues in a short period of time To make the digitizing from all networks trig
112. cting a resistor of unknown Bridge Circuit value as one leg of a full bridge circuit applying a voltage across the bridge and measuring the voltage across the two intermediate nodes The intermediate node voltage is measured between a pair of instruNet Vin and Vin input terminals while the bridge excitation voltage is supplied by either the instruNet Vout terminal or an external voltage source In figure 3 5 Fig 3 5 Resistance Runknown is a resistor whose value is being Measurement Bridge Circuit measured and Ro is a similar valued resistor of known value This technique is only accurate if Runknown stays in the range of Ro 50 If you need to measure a resistance with more range please use the Resistance Measurement using a Voltage Divider described earlier instruNet calculates the value of Runknown using the following equation and returns a value in ohms units Runknown ohms Ro Vout 2 0 Vin Vout 2 0 Vin Vin instruNet User s Manual 3 9 Ch 3 Connecting to Sensors Strain Gage Measurement Voltage Divider Circuit To do a Resistance measurement using a Bridge circuit you must 1 Set the Sensor field in the Hardware settings area to Resistance 2 Set the Wiring field in the Hardware settings area to Bridge 3 Set the Ro field in the Constants settings area to the value of one Ro bridge 4 completion resistor in ohms units 5 4 Set the Vout field in the Constants
113. cut off frequency Hz And notice how these 4 numbers corresponds to the StopB Attn PassB Ripple PassB F1 Hz and StopB F1 Hz Fields in the Lowpass Filter settings area Turn the filter On by selecting Elliptic in the Filter popup or any of the other options other than Off Enter a passband cut off frequency value into the PassB F1 Hz field a stopband cut off frequency into the StopB F1 Hz field a minimum stop band attenuation into the StopB Attn field and a maximum pass band ripple into the PassB Ripple field Acceptable values would be 100 150 80 1 Press the Enter key when done setting the values If the filter is impossible to design due to constraints of the specified values an alert will appear with a message coaching the user into selecting different parameters In fact instruNet will not allow you to exit this dialog until the parameters are acceptable or the filter has been turned off by selecting Off in the Filter popup 2 22 instruNet User s Manual Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial UN Maximum Pass o Bandripple dB Minimum Stop Band 5 PassB Ripple attenuation dB StopB Attn 2 z lt a Y Passband Stopband F1 Hz StopB Hz Frequency Figure 2 20 Lowpass Filter Model The filter order ranges from 1 to 32 in bandpass and bandstop filters and from 1 to 16 in highpass and lowpass filters depending on the supplied parameters As the filter becomes mor
114. d as an open system DASYLab contains drivers for more than 250 different data acquisition devices as well as software interfaces and extension toolkits With its unique structure DASYLab is able to acquire data up to 1 Mhz into the PC s RAM stream data to disk at up to 400 kHz and display data online at up to 150 KHz LabVIEW instruNet Drivers for the Macintosh amp Windows 95 NT Version of LabVIEW 2 4 are available The part numbers for these low cost drivers are listed below Please consult their documentation for information on how to link instruNet to LabVIEW In summary they provide LabVIEW icons for many of the instruNet functions described in Ch4 Programming and provide examples of their use iNet 380 instruNet Drivers for Mac amp Win95 LabVIEW iNet 380 10x Ten more iNet 380 s after buying Ist one iNet 381 instruNet LabVIEW Driver lyear Update instruNet User s Manual Appendix IV 1 Appendix IV Working With Application Software HP VEE MicroLab TestPoint InstruNet is compatible with HP Vee Version 24 0 on Windows 95 and NT 4 0 Please download the instruNet to HP Vee interface files from www instrunet com instruNet is compatible with Version 21 30 of MicroLab uLab which includes the instruNet interface instruNet is compatible with Version 24 0 of Origin Please download the instruNet Origin interface files from www instrunet com InstruNet is compatible with TestPoint Version 23 0 on Windows 95 and NT 4
115. d in this manual Voltage Inputs Voltage Outputs of Absolute of Write Read back Digital Model Channels Range Accuracy Channels Accuracy Accuracy 100 l6ch w 5V 2000uV 8ch with 40mV 3mV 8 screw 6V A00uV 4mA 1KpF Bidirectional terminal 4 80mV 75uV Drive I O Bits access _ 8mV 40 Capability 1008 as iNet 100 yet with 16 additional BNC connectors for l6se voltage inputs 100HC Same as iNet 100 yet with voltage outputs that have 15mA 01uF drive capability Table 1 2 instruNet Network Devices described in this Manual instruNet instruNet includes software to interrogate test configure and do I O with all Software network channels This includes an application program called instruNet World drivers interfaces to C and Visual BASIC instruNet World and the instruNet Driver can configure all I O channels store your settings view digitized data in real time stream data to disk and scroll through your waveform post acquisition instruNet software runs on both a PC and a Macintosh Free Updates Free software and manual updates are available on the web at www instrunet com 1 2 instruNet User s Manual Ch 1 Installation Computer Requirements The following table summarizes the computer required to run instruNet Computer OS RAM HD Slot Model Controller Required Required Req
116. d on the specified criteria StopB F1 Hzg Specifies lower cutoff frequency of the band that is stopped Frequencies between StopB Hzg and Stop B F2 Hzg are stopped i e attenuated Stop B F2 Specifies higher cutoff frequency of the band that is stopped Frequencies between StopB Hzg and Stop B F2 Hzg are stopped i e attenuated Table 8 1 Channel Setting Group Reference 8 2 instruNet User Manual Ch 8 Settings Reference Settings Group Field fieldNum Field Description fieldValue settingType Constants 4 Defines constants used to calculate engineering units when measuring sensors e g RTD strain gage etc For more information please refer to Chapter 3 Connecting To Sensors Ro Specifies value of bridge completion resistor unstrained strain gage or resistance of an RTD at 0 C Units are ohms Rshunt Specifies value of shunt resistor in voltage divider or current measurement circuit Units are ohms Vout Sets excitation voltage in bridge voltage divider circuits Units are Volts Vinit4 Specifies voltage across unstrained bridge Used for bridge calibration American RTD s and 00392 for European RTD s This constant is specified by the manufacturer of the RTD Units are ohms ohms C delta Rleadg When connecting to an RTD delta is the Callendar Van Dusen delta Specifies temperature coefficient of an RTD at 0 C typically 00385 for constan
117. de except measured data is sometimes simulated with fake triangle wave data Code is developed in the BASIC page which is enabled by pressing the BASIC tab at the base of the instruNet World window This page contains a text editor that supports typing placing an insertion point scrolling vertically selecting text Cutting text to the clipboard Copying text to the clipboard and Pasting text from the clipboard The text editor is used to create edit view execute and test instruNet BASIC files which are based in standard text files and appear as regular unformatted text Several buttons at the top of the BASIC page aid in the programming process The BASIC Page Open button loads text files into the text editor and the Save Save As buttons save the text editor contents to a text file on disk The Clear button clears the text editor and the Execute button executes the entire contents of the text editor as BASIC code unless a portion of text had been selected with the mouse in which case only that portion is executed If a line is not recognized an alert appears execution halts and the problematic line of code is selected in the text editor The Stop button stops all currently executing instruNet BASIC code instruNet User s Manual 9 1 Ch 9 instruNet BASIC Benefits What can instruNet BASIC do for ME instruNet BASIC can create more text editor pages within instruNet World for data and notes each with their own tab at the b
118. dent of where it is in its cycle The Scan Mode field was discussed in detail in the previous Strip Chart or Oscilloscope Scan Mode discussion The Sample Rate fields specifies the number of points digitized per second per channel All channels run at this rate unless their Sample Rate Field in their General settings area has been modified from its default value of 100 This field enables one to run specific channels at a sample rate less than the master sample rate in the Timing dialog For example if the master sample rate is 1000s sec and a channel s Sample Rate is set to 25 then the channel will run at 250s sec The Network BPS specifies the network data transfer rate in units of bits per second On power up the network is set to the fastest possible rate The Switching popup is sets the analog channel switching to Fast or Accurate If Fast is used the system switches from one channel to another as fast as possible otherwise with Accurate instruNet User s Manual 5 9 Ch 5 instruNet World lication Program the switching is a little slower yet provides the amplifiers more time to settle and is therefore a little more accurate Display The Fields in the Display Options dialog are used to specify Options Display attributes as illustrated in Figure 5 9 This dialog is opened by pressing the More button inside the Setup Dialog and mirrors some of the settings within the Setup dialog Horizontal Scale in Record page
119. e instruNet might show an alert that states it is having a little trouble The Network Page has the following buttons at the top of the window Restores the state of all Fields that existed when the Store button was last pressed Restore loads a settings file that is kept in an operating system preferences directory You must press Store to save this file before you press Restore Restore and Store are very similar to Open amp Save except Open amp Save show a File dialog that enables the user to pick the file name amp directory whereas Restore amp Store always go to the same file amp directory and do not bother the user with file issues Saves a file to disk that contains the state of all Fields This preferences file is stored within the operating system directory and is reloaded by pressing the Restore button File Save and File Open dialogs are not used since the file name and directory are always the same Saves a file to disk that contains the state of all Fields The user specifies the file name and location within the standard File Save dialog Loads a file from disk that contains the state of all Fields The user must pick a previously stored settings file via the standard File Open dialog instruNet User s Manual Ch 5 instruNet World Application Program Clears all Field settings to their default values Resets all instruNet hardware and Clears all Fields to their default values Calibrate Calibrates all inst
120. e must specify the number of samples digitized per second per channel i e sample rate the number of points per scan the number of scans and weather or not the scans are continuous i e Oscilloscope or Strip Chart Recorder mode The Trigger dialog is used to define when the digitizing begins e g begin when the voltage at Channel 1 exceeds 3Volts In many cases there is no Trigger and the digitization begins when the Start button is pressed To begin digitizing press the Start button in the upper left corner Waveforms will plot across the screen in real time as they are digitized To stop digitizing press the Stop button If the waves had been saved to Ram or Disk i e via the Digitize Into field in Options dialog then you should be able to scroll through your data with the Horizontal scroll bar If the sample rate is too fast an alert will appear notifying the user to a buffer overflow or sample rate problem This means the computer and or Controller cannot keep up with the incoming data In this case you have several options 1 Reduce the master sample rate i e Sample Rate field in Setup dialog or the number of digitized channels 2 Decrease the Sample Rate field in a Channel s General settings area to decrease the sample rate for that specific channel For example if you run 1 channel at 10 of the master sample rate then its sample rate will be 1 10 of that of the other channels 3 Decrease the amount of
121. e Range 25 to 85 C Relative Humidity Up to 90 non condensing Power Consumption 5V 1A max does not include network 12V 10mA max 12V 10mA max 6 2 instruNet User s Manual Ch 6 Hardware Reference Controller 34 pin Connector I O Terminals Ch1 10 Din The Chl Din Ch10 Din digital input terminals are used to sense a digital high or digital low state or to measure the period of a changing digital signal The inputs are protected against high voltages up to 6Volts and down to 6V To measure the logic level or the period of an input signal connect it directly to a Controller Din terminal and then connect the signal source ground to a Controller Gnd terminal For details please see Ch2 Working with Controller Digital Timer I O Channels Digital Inputs Specifications typical at 25 C Digital Input Port Input Levels Period Measurement Measured Period Range Resolution 1 non latching input bit per channel Vin 3 5V min 6V max Vip 75 max 6V min 120uA V 3 5V Ty 6mA max VHYSTERESIS 5V 3us to 16ms with 25us accuracy or 12ms to 576sec with 4ms accuracy 65536 16 bit Ch1 10 Dout The Ch1 Dout Ch10 Dout digital output terminals can be set to a high or low state or set up to output a digital clock signal To wire a Dout terminal to a device connect the Dout terminal to the device input and the Controller Gnd terminal to the device Ground
122. e Wiring field in the Hardware settings area to Bridge 3 Setthev Poisson field in the Constants settings area to the v poisson value of the material that your are twisting e g aluminum is 32 4 Wire your voltage source per figure 3 12 and refer to the steps at the beginning of this chapter for more information on how to set up your 5 10 Tem perature Temperature measurement using a voltage Measurement divider circuit involves connecting an RTD in 2 RTD series with a shunt resistor of known value Volta applying a voltage across the pair and Je ing the volt the RTD Divider measuring the voltage across the as illustrated to the right The voltage across the RTD is measured between a pair of instruNet Vin and Vin input terminals while the excitation voltage for the divider is supplied by the instruNet Vout terminal instruNet calculates the value of the strain using the following equations and returns degrees C engineering units ETD Fig 3 13 Temperature Measurement RTD Voltage Divider Circuit Rgrp Ohms Rshunt Vin Vin Vout Vin Vin a Ro alpha 1 0 delta 100 0 b Ro 1 0 alpha delta 100 0 100 0 c Ro RgTD Temperature Celsius c 0 5 b sqrt b b 4 0 a instruNet User s Manual 3 15 Ch 3 Connecting to Sensors Alpha is the temperature coefficient of the RTD at OC typically 00385 for American RTD s and
123. e can place a comment after a command an its parameters Channels are specified with a 4 number address separated by characters in netNum deviceNum moduleNum chanNum order For example 1 2 3 4 refers to netNum 1 deviceNum 2 moduleNum 3 and chanNum 4 To specify a list of channels enclose the entire list of channel addresses in quotes and separate each address with a space character comma or tab Xt For example 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 refers to Channel 1 and Channel 4 Channel lists be defined using multiple rows of text i e it is ok to place a carriage return between two channel addresses The text within user defined Pages is easily saved to disk in a text file Alternatively one can write directly to a text file without first viewing the data via the Print Table Digitize Clear Copy and Append commands A number of commands in the language manage files including Open Create Copy Append Clear Print SetSize Flush and Close The instruNet text windows can contain a maximum of 32K characters however a file on disk can be up to 2GBytes in length instruNet BASIC code is typically saved in a text file with the 1Bs suffix This instruNet BASIC file is executed when the instruNet window is first opened if it exists in one of the following folders WinNT System32 Win95 System or Mac System Extensions V or within the directory that contains the currently executing application program
124. e computer Also refer to the next section of this chapter entitled your controller is not seen by the instruNet World Software paying careful attention to the discussion about making sure the card is properly seated in its connector Digitized waveforms An open connection may existona Check the wiring to the input terminals appear to be invalid channel The sensor is not wired correctly Refer to Chapter 5 for instructions on wiring sensors The Field settings are not correct Refer to Chapter 5 Sensors Reference Chapter 7 Channel Reference amp World Tutorial be completed before Chapter 8 Settings Reference It is attempting to wire sensors recommended that Chapter 2 instruNet A Channel is configured as a Check the wiring to instruNet and the single ended input while the Wiring settings Check the transducer transducer is a differential type type or vice versus Check the installation of the Controller hardware and instruNet software per the directions in Chapter 1 The Controller board is not seated properly or is damaged Computer will not boot Table AI 1 Troubleshooting instruNet User s Manual Appendix I 1 Appendix Troubleshooting Symptom Possible Cause Possible Solution instruNet World opens The Controller board is not seated Please refer to the next section of this
125. e demanding the filter order increases and the time to run the filter also increases In a typical case it takes 1 to 20 per order per point to run the filter For example on a Macintosh 840av 1993 technology it takes 2us per order per pt or 20us per point to implement a 10th order filter This would limit the maximum sample rate to 50Ksamples second i e 1 20e 6 50e3 View the results of your filter by observing the effect it has on the waveform in the Snapshot display If you have a function generator connected watch what happens when you slowly change its frequency from 10Hz to 500Hz for example Figure 2 21 shows a 35 Hz signal applied to Ch1 Vin before and after the implementation of a 30 Hz lowpass filter Figure 2 21 35 Hz Sine Wave before and after 30 Hz Lowpass Filter Figures 2 19 through 2 21 show the filter models for the Highpass Bandpass and Bandstop filters instruNet User s Manual 2 23 Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial Minimum Stop Band attenuation dB StopB Attn Y Amplitude Transition Stopband StopB F1 Hz Figure 2 22 Highpass Filter Model Maximum Pass Band ripple dB PassB Ripple Passband PassB F1 Hz Frequency Stopband S Passband S Stopband H 2 E f E a Maximum Pass Minimum Stop Band ripple E Band attenuation PassB Ripple StopB Attn E 4 Y StopB F1 PassB F2 Frequency Hz PassB F1
126. e horizontal scroll bar to scroll through them Saves to disk the current Scan in RAM memory The user is prompted for a directory name in which to save the set of data where each wave is saved in its own file in one common directory The data is saved in the fast instruNet Binary Merge format multi file Binary format or slow generic TEXT format as determined by the File Type field in the Digitizer Channel within the Driver If Text Merge is selected in the File Type popup an additional Merged txt text file is saved that contains all waves in one file one column of text per wave This is useful when transferring data to a spreadsheet Binary Merge saves to disk faster than Binary yet consumes more RAM memory Setup Opens the Record Setup dialog as described in the previous pages instruNet User s Manual 5 13 Ch 5 instruNet World Application Program Test Page The Test Page illustrated in Figure 5 12 is used to determine what instruNet hardware is attached to your computer and to test all instruNet hardware and software After each test a report is printed to a miniature text editor within the Test Page The user can then type notes into this window and save them to disk as a TEXT file to later be opened with the Open button in the Test Page or a word processor The Test Page supports the standard text Cut Copy and Paste commands in addition to typing To select the Test Page press the Test tab at the base of the instruN
127. e instruNet Gnd terminal it might be necessary to also attach the instruNet Vin terminal to the instruNet Gnd terminal with a short wire Sometimes this wire makes things better and sometimes this wire makes things Fig 3 15 Temperature worse instruNet calculates the value of the Measurement Thermocouple temperature in degrees Celsius using a polynomial linearizing equation ABER amo m To do temperature measurement using a thermocouple you must 1 Setthe Sensor field in the Hardware settings area to the appropriate Thermocouple type J K T E R S 2 Set the Wiring field in the Hardware settings area to Vin Vin 3 Set the Range field in the Hardware settings to either 80mV or 10mV approximately depending on the temperature range being measured If your temperature range is lt 170C for a type J thermocouple lt 230C for a type K thermocouple lt 180C for at type T thermocouple lt 900C for a type R thermocouple lt 900C for a type S thermocouple or between 250C to 140C for type E thermocouple then set the range to approximately 10mV Otherwise set the Range for approximately 80mV Measurement resolution is approximately 1 2uV in the 10mV range and approximately 10uV in the 80mV range 4 Wire your voltage source per figure 3 15 and refer to the steps at the beginning of this chapter for more information on how to set up your sensor 0 If your thermocouple leads are backwards then the me
128. e loop once every secsPerLoop seconds If keyword mouseStop is included it falls out of the loop if the mouse button is pressed One can also stop by pressing the Stop button at the top of the BASIC page Synchronize secsPerLoop When placed inside a loop e g While For Loop this causes the synchronizer causes the loop to execute once every secsPerLoop seconds While mathExpression EndWhile This is the traditional While loop which executes the body for as long as the math expressions evaluates as true For example the code below prints Channel 1 three times 9 16 instruNet User Manual Ch 9 instruNet BASIC 1 while c lt 3 Print 1 c Chl Vin Channel 1 1 1 1 Nr endwhile User Interface Commands Alert alertText Shows an alert with the specified alert text which could be in the form of quoted text a string or a define For example Alert Hello would show an alert with Hello in the body of the dialog Beep Sounds a short beep Delay seconds Implements a delay that is seconds long For example Delay 1 2 would implement a 3 second delay One can stop the delay only by pressing the Stop button at the top of the BASIC page Erase pageName numOfLines Erases the last numOfLines lines from the specified page For example Erase BASIC 1 would erase the last line of text from the BASIC text editor page Print PageOrFile quoted text numericalva
129. e measurement using a 1 2 Bridge circuit you must 1 Do steps 1 through 7 listed in the previous Strain Gage Measurement Quarter Bridge discussion Set the Wiring field in the Hardware settings area to H Bridge Axial Set the v_Poisson field in the Constants settings area to the v poissson value of the material that your are twisting e g aluminum is 32 Wire your voltage source per figure 3 9 and refer to the steps at the beginning of this chapter for more information on how to set up your 5 10 A UON Strain Gage Measuring bending strain using a full Measurement bridge configuration involves wiring four strain gages as shown in figure 3 10 applying a voltage across the b bridge and measuring the voltage across the two intermediate bridge nodes via a pair of instruNet Vin and Vin input terminals The excitation voltage for the bridge is supplied by either the instruNet Vout terminal or by an external voltage Fig 3 10 Strain Measurement source instruNet calculates the value Full Bridge Circuit Bending of the strain returning strain engineering units instruNet User s Manual 3 13 Ch 3 Connecting to Sensors Strain Gage Measurement Full Bridge Axial 1 using the equations Vr V V Vint Vin Vinit Vout Strain Vr GF GF Vinit and Vout are fixed values that are specified by the user in the Constants Settings area whereas Vin Vin are meas
130. e will give a more accurate measurement by filtering out noise at the expense of a lower maximum sample rate An example of how to calculate accuracy is as follows Suppose you are doing a current measurement where the current is calculated as the voltage drop across a shunt resistor divided by the resistance in ohms of the resistor Current Amps Volts across shunt resistor shunt resistance in ohms Suppose the measured voltage is accurate to 1mV and ohm shunt resistor is accurate to 1 Subsequently the accuracy of the measured current would be Max Current Error 1mV 01 1K 100microAmps 11 Alternating Positive and Negative Excitation Voltages To reduce the burden on one side of a power supply e g 12V or 12V excitation voltages often alternate postive and negative For example when powering 350ohm strain gages the excitation voltages are typically set to 5V 5V 5V 5V The alternating polarity evenly burdens the 12V supplies Please note that in low current cases e g lt 2mA this is not necessary instruNet User s Manual 3 23 Ch 3 Connecting to Sensors 3 24 instruNet User s Manual Ch 4 A Tutorial for Programmers 4 A Tutorial For Programmers This chapter explains how to control instruNet from a programming environment such as C or Visual Basic It assumes you have done the tutorial in Chapter 2 in its entirety If you haven t please do so now This chapter also assum
131. ea to 10mV 7 3 Set the Ro field in the Constants settings area to the value of one Ro bridge completion resistor in ohms units 4 4 Setthe GF field in the Constants settings area to the gage s gage factor 5 Set the Voutfield in the Constants settings area to specify the voltage that is to be applied to the bridge 1V is typical If you are applying an external excitation voltage enter Ro value in the Ro edit field e g 100 instead of 100 ohms to tell the software that the excitation is external and then enter the value of the external excitation voltage into the Vout field e g 4 2 In high current cases e g gt 2mA it is often helpful to alternate the polarity of the excitation voltages to evenly burden the 12V supplies instruNet User s Manual 3 11 Ch 3 Connecting to Sensors Strain Gage Measurement Half Bridge Bending 6 Set the delta Rlead field in the Constants settings area to the resistance in ohms of the wires leading to the bridge 0 ohms is typically ok Set the Vinit field in the Constants settings area to the voltage measured when the bridge is unstrained in Volts units 8 Set the Wiring field in the Hardware settings area to Q Bridge Capacitors across the voltage input terminals are highly recommended for reducing errors caused by RFI With 350ohm gages 0 10 caps create a low pass filter at 4KHz AK 1 6 28 350 1e 6 and are ideal at minizing RFI effect
132. ealtime Rynknown E shunt Funknown 5 Select the appropriate input voltage range Set the Range popup in the Hardware Settings area as needed This selects a voltage range that is used by instruNet If the voltage exceeds a bound then the bound is returned by the software For example if you input 2V and the range is 1V then instruNet will return 1 Volt The resolution and accuracy of the measured signal increases when the range is reduced For example with the Model 100 the voltage accuracy is 25uV in the 10mV range and 1mV in the 5V range with 1ms of integration Some sensors require a specific voltage range or only allow one range For example the range with thermocouples is always in the neighborhood of 100mV 6 Set the Integrate popup Set the Integrate popup in the Hardware Settings area as needed This selects the duration that the signal is averaged before instruNet returns one number For example if you choose 16ms it will return the average signal value over a period of instruNet User s Manual 3 3 Ch 3 Connecting to Sensors 16ms This is helpful at reducing noise for signals acquired at slow sample rates e g to integrate 16ms worth of data the sample rate must be greater than 16ms per point or slower that 60samples second Each hardware device offer different Integrate options 7 Select the appropriate Analog Filter Set the analog Low Pass filter popup in the Hardware Settings area as needed
133. ear Copy and Append instruNet User Manual Ch 9 instruNet BASIC commands Then when finished it must be closed with the Close command To close all open instruNet files simply execute Close All In general one can write data either to an instruNet text window or to an open file The text windows provide visual feedback whereas direct to text file is faster and disk based files can be up to 2GBytes in length For an example of file I O please see file instruNet BASIC Examples V File rw iBs Programming Example The code below shows an example use of the For Loops While Goto Label If Then and If Elseif Else Endif commands for f 1 to 3 For ctr start To end print Vr if XL If Elseif Elseif Else print f 1 elseif f 2 print f 2 else prant EL c 2 endif one line If Then if f 2 then print inside if w 0 while w lt 2 While Endwhile w w 1 print w w endwhile if 0 loops 2 Loops print i i endLoops goto LabelOne Goto Label LabelTwo Next end LabelOne print inside goto Goto LabelTwo When this code is executed the following text is printed f 1 1 2 i 0 i 0 inside goto f 2 inside if w 1 w 2 i 0 i 0 inside goto f gt 2 w 1 2 i 0 i 0 inside goto The For command facilitates a loop with a loop variable The I
134. ecord Page If Auto is selected data acquisition begins after the trigger criteria is met but if the trigger condition is not met within a second or so instruNet User s Manual 2 5 Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial Display Options the recording begins anyway If Norm is selected instruNet waits until the trigger condition is met indefinitely of necessary Settings T E Trigger Off Trig Net v Rising Fig 2 2 The Trigger Dialog Enter the address of a channel to trigger from into the Chi Uin i1717 Trig Trig Dev Trig Mod and Trig Chan fields pra yey DEA If you are not sure of a channel s address go back to the E E IE Network Page and look at the Channel and Addr column for the channel you want to trigger from The address for the two channels shown in the above figure would be 1 1 1 1 and 1 1 1 4 For example if you wanted to trigger from channel Ch4 Vin you would enter the following values 1 into Trig Net 1 into Trig Dev 1 into Trig Mod and 4 into Trig Chan Select Auto in the Trigger popup type a reasonable threshold voltage into the Threshold EU field e g 1 V and then select Rising or Falling in the Slope popup Click OK to exit the Trigger Dialog click OK to exit theSetup Dialog and then click the Start button to begin recording The waveforms should appear on the screen with the beginning of each Scan synchronized to the trigge
135. ed signal as shown in Figure 2 18 1 i i i 1 l A EN Se UN ARA 1 5 3 4 5 5 2 9 9 Secs Figure 2 18 Record Page with top display Min Max E U set to 2V Working with instruNet BASIC instruNet BASIC enables users to automate the setting up of channels digitizing viewing results and saving to disk It is predicated on the BASIC programming language and features many additional commands that facilitate working with instruNet hardware instruNet BASIC builds on the instruNet World strip chart recorder by automating common tasks done at experiment time This is especially helpful at reducing the chance of error and making the data taking process more pleasant A person who is not too familiar with the computer doing many manual steps at a fast pace under pressure can lead to a problem instruNet BASIC addresses that issue by consolidating a series of steps into one button press in the instruNet World window For details concerning this powerful language please see Chapter 9 instruNet BASIC instruNet User s Manual Simple Example Benefits Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial Press the BASIC tab at the base of the window to select the BASIC page which is used to develop and execute instruNet BASIC code The BASIC text editor is used to create edit view execute and test instruNet BASIC files which are based on standard text files and appear as regular unformatted text
136. ed to the right The voltage across Runknown is measured between a pair of instruNet Vin and Vin input terminals while the excitation voltage is supplied by the instruNet Vout terminal instruNet then the value of Runknown using the Fig 3 4 Resistance Measurement ollowing equation and returns a value in Voltage Divider Method ohms units Divider Circuit Runknown Ohms Rshunt Vin Vin Vin Vin Vout To do a Resistance measurement using a Voltage Divider you must Set the Sensor field in the Hardware settings area to Resistance 1 2 Set the Wiring field in the Hardware settings area to Voltage Divider 3 Set the Rshunt field in the Constants settings area to the value of your external 4 user supplied Rshunt resistor in ohms units 1 3 6 Set the Vout field in the Constants settings area to specify the excitation voltage that is to be applied to the divider In high current cases e g gt 2mA it is often helpful to alternate the polarity of the excitation voltages to evenly burden the 12V supplies 5 Setthe Voltage Range field in the Hardware settings area to something similar to Vout Runknown Maximum Runknown Maximum Rshunt 6 Wire your voltage source per figure 3 4 and refer to the steps at the beginning of this chapter for more information on how to set up your 0 Resistance Resistance measurement using a bridge circuit Measurement involves conne
137. ed with one that does instruNet User s Manual Ch 6 Hardware Reference Model 330 Electrical Isolator The Model 330 Hlectrical Isolator provides 1000 Volts of optical isolation at one point within an instruNet network This is often used to eliminate ground loops between the computer and items under test and to reduce noise that is transmitted from the computer to sensors When measuring small voltages e g 10mV optical isolation is sometimes critically important The Model 330 Electrical Isolator is very similar to the Model 300 Power Adaptor described earlier except for its isolation capability An external power source e g iNet 311 must be connected to the 5pin DIN Power Source Connector to provide power to outbound devices Multiple Model 330 s can be placed in one network e g place one Model 330 every 4 Devices in a 16 Device network instruNet Electrical Isolator iNet 330 HIGHWAY Power In Outbound Devices Optical Isolation earth 2 shield 12V 5A 5 4 12V 5A Outbound Devices 5 3 1 Com External Power Input Looking Into Male 5p DIN Plug Fig 6 5 Model 330 Electrical Isolator Block Diagram instruNet Device iNet 311 Power Supply 110V Fig 6 6 Example Application of Model 330 Electrical Isolator instruNet User s Manual 6 11 Ch 6 Hardware Reference Isolating From Earth Ground Wild Grounds Sl
138. een marked as outputs by the Direction field It does this with one 0 to 255 number where each bit in the byte sets its corresponding hardware bit For example if 8 bits were set up as outputs then a Digital Out value of 1710 000100012 would set DIO1 and DIOS to a logic 1 and the rest to a logic 0 The Value EU field in the General settings area is used to read the states of the 8 bits via a to 255 number where each bit in the received byte corresponds to a hardware bit For example reading 310 000000112 would mean that hardware bits DIO1 and DIO2 are high and the rest are low Set the Digital Out field to 310 000000112 set the Settings Hardware Direction field to 110 000000012 and click the Poe Enter button to update the Digital Aut 223 bits i E e Select General in the Setting popup menu and note the value displayed in the Value EU field 2 26 instruNet User s Manual Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial Value EU should show 25310 2 111111012 This is because the high 6 bits have been set up as digital inputs in the Direction field and if nothing is connected to them they will float high to a logic 1 DIOI is set up as an output in the Direction field and has been set to a 1 in the Digital Out field and is therefore read as a 1 DIO2 has also been set up as an output in the Direction field yet has been set to a 0 in the Digital Out field and is therefore read as a 0 Working With Control
139. el 1 1 1 25 0 3 sets Ch25 Dout bit 3 to 0 SetField chList settingsGroup fieldName newFieldValue Sets field fieldName in settingsGroup to newFieldValue for every channel in the chList channel list Please see file instruNet BASIC Documentation Template doc for examples of SetField which can be abbreviated SetF Also for more information please see the Channel Setup and Calibration Example discussion found earlier in this chapter and the below discussion about the Table command SetTrigger triggerSource_chList threshold rising falling off auto norm Sets the digitize trigger source channel e g 1 1 1 4 threshold slope keywords rising or falling mode keywords off auto or norm For example SetTrigger 1 1 1 1 2 0 rising auto would tell the Digitize command to not digitize until the voltage at Channel 1 rose above 2 0 Table chList settingsGroup fieldName pageFileOrStr separator lastRowChar charPerCol Prints the value of the specified field for every channel in the list on one row of text If a destination Page string or open file is not specified then it prints to the current window The channel list is stated explicitly e g 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 10 or through a define name The settingGroup parameter refers to a settings area e g Hardware General Mapping and the fieldName parameter refers to the name of a field e g scale wiring sensor For a list of these please see Ch
140. eld is very similar to the Horizontal scroll bar in that it defines the time of the left edge of all displays The Digitize Into option in the Display Options dialog is used to determine whether waveform data is saved to To Ram Buffer saved to To File not saved Off or determined by the user User Control If the user selects Off the waveforms are viewed while they are digitized however you cannot scroll through them post acquisition since the computer had not saved the data Since this does not consume memory or disk space one could digitize many waves at a fast rate for a long time instruNet User s Manual Ch 5 instruNet World Application Program To Ram Buffer If one selects To Ram Buffer each Scan is sent to RAM memory which is limited by the amount of RAM that has been allocated to the instruNet World application program or the calling application program in the case of calling the instruNet driver The buffer in memory holds only one Scan s worth of points and therefore overwrites the previous Scan with each subsequent Scan If you are doing Strip Chart work and don t like this set the No of Scans field in the Timing dialog to 1 and the Pts Per Scan field to the value required to hold the entire acquisition If you run out of RAM memory on a Macintosh you should consider giving your application more by selecting the Application Icon from the Finder choosing Get Info under File and then increasing the num
141. elow Voltage input channels are typically labeled ChX Vin or ChX Vin These work identically when doing single ended voltage measurement i e read a voltage between an input terminal and ground and are used as a pair when doing differential voltage measurement i e reading a voltage between 2 input channels If instruNet voltage input hardware is not installed you will not be able to digitize Also note that the contents of the Network page may vary depending on what is installed on your computer Channe l Value Input Chi Mint 0 574599 uabaan as Ch4 lint 17171 lg 0 000381 To Enable Disable a Channel for digitizing Attach a signal source If possible attach a signal source to at least one channel s hardware input terminal For example one might attach a Function Generator output to the instruNet Chl Vin input terminal and the Function Generator s ground to the instruNet AGND terminal It is not necessary to connect a signal source to do the tutorial however the displayed waveforms are more interesting if a signal is applied otherwise you get a flat line at OVolts Select the Record Page Select the Record page by clicking on the Record tab at the base of the window as illustrated below Network 111 Click here to select Reco
142. elp Compiler 92 iNetErr_ driver or user ram buffer Try reducing the sample rate making displays much bOverflow overflow smaller plotting less PointsPerPixel 93 iNetErr_ non compatible operating Latest version of instruNet Driver might help nonCompOS system 94 iNetErr_bad bad channel Points Per Try a different Points Per Scan i e press Timing ChPtsPerScan Scan value button or sample rate 95 iNetErr_ destination buffer not found Latest version of instruNet Driver might help Try DestBuff pressing Reset button or Resetting computer Check NotFound Interface to and installation of instruNet Driver 10000 Controller this is an error code from Press Reset Button Try doing things differently to Status the instruNet controller and hope it goes away Latest version of instruNet 10255 Register Error Status register Driver might help 1 OS Error this is an error code from Press Reset Button Try doing things differently to the Operating System and hope it goes away Latest version of instruNet 32000 Driver might help Table AII Error Codes instruNet User s Manual Appendix II 7 Appendix Il instruNet Error Codes Appendix II 8 instruNet User s Manual Appendix 111 Working With Spreadsheets Ill working With Spreadsheets instruNet supports the acquisition of data into instruNet World with Export to a spreadsheet po
143. er channel If the specified rate is too fast instruNet will adjust to the fastest possible rate All channels run at this rate unless their Sample Rate field is requesting a slower rate Min sec tsfrg Specifies the minimum acceptable time to transfer a 16bit value on the instruNet network in units of seconds Network BPS7 Specifies the instruNet network data transfer rate in bits per second 100 000 4 000 000 This is automatically set to the fastest possible rate when instruNet is reset Long network cables and or many network Devices sometimes require a slower rate Switchingg Specifies analog channel switching to run Fast or Accurate If Fast is used the system switches from one channel to another as fast as possible otherwise with Accurate the switching is a little slower yet provides the amplifiers more time to settle and is therefore a little more accurate Table 8 1 Channel Setting Group Reference 8 8 instruNet User Manual Ch 8 Settings Reference Settings Group Field gcaaNum Field Description fieldValue settingType Trigger 13 Specifies the Trigger condition that must be met before digitizing after the Start button is pressed For more information please refer to Chapter 2 Digitizing Analog Signals into The Computer amp Ch 5 Trigger Options Trigger Sets the trigger mode to one of Auto or Norm Off specifies no trigger Norm3 mandates that the digiti
144. er for a folder name every time a recording session is initiated with the Start button The waveforms are then saved to this folder while they are recorded One can then scroll through these long disk based waveforms e g 20M points per channel via the horizontal scrollbar Any waves saved to disk using the To File option can be opened and scrolled through with the Record Page s Open button The File Type field determines the file format for the saved data and is set to one of Binary Binary Merge Text or Text Merge For a detailed description of each format please see Appendix V Working with instruNet Files e Select Lines in the Plot popup select Off in the Grid popup select Strip Chart in the Scan Mode popup and set the Pts per Scan field to 10000 to set the buffer size of an intermediate RAM buffer that holds data before it is sent to disk 10000 points at 1Ks sec is a comfortable size Set the Digitize Into popup to To File and select 0 5 secs div in the Horiz Scale popup Click OK to exit the dialog Click Start to begin recording When the File save dialog appears type a folder name and select a location for the waveforms that are about to be spooled to disk After a minute or so press the Stop button to stop digitizing Scroll through your waveforms via the horizontal scrollbar Notice that the computer goes to your hard disk periodically to automatically load in information from disk It is recommended
145. erefore to process a large disk based stream one typically needs a software package that interprets 32bit floating point interlaced data For details on this file format please Appendix V To learn more about Setup Options please refer to the Record Page discussion in Chapter 5 Try various options and settings to gain some familiarity with the wonder world of instruNet World Some things to try are listed below Press the Start button to start recording again Press the Save button to save the digitized waves to disk if they are RAM based Press the Open button to load previously recorded waveforms from disk Press the Setup button to adjust the sample rate and number of points that are digitized when the Start button is pressed Press the Trigger button within the Setup Dialog to adjust the trigger options Press the Network tab to select the Network page and then turn on other channels for digitizing by clicking on their digitize on off cells The instruNet Data Tree instruNet stores field settings in a hierarchical data tree illustrated in figure 2 4 Setting Group ss LL Module Cin Device S 0 C i Network ea 0 32 __ KREE JTL _ E i Figure 2 4 Network Hierarchy for instruNet instruNet User s Manual Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial To access a piece of information you must supply an address within this data tree This address consists of 6 p
146. es by connection expand PCI bus if you see PCI Card select it amp press the Remove button and exit System Control Panel Do not install a PCI card driver at this time Run the SetupEx exe Windows installer program This creates an instruNet directory installs many files into it creates an instruNet program group installs WindowsWSystemMnet22 dll installs Windows SystemMnet95 vxd and installs WindowsNT System32 drivers inet sys Turn the computer off install the instruNet pci card attach the instruNet network devices attach the instruNet terminator tighten the thumbscrews and then power the computer back on It may ask you for a PCI Card Driver on boot up Navigate via the Browse button to Program Files instruNet Win95 iNet PCI Driver Vinet95 inf Run the Start Programs instruNet instruNet World application in the instruNet folder to operate and test your instruNet hardware and software If you hit a problem please proceed to Appendix I Make sure you are on a Windows NT computer 2 80486 with at least 4MB of ram 8MB is better Turn the computer off install the instruNet pci card attach the instruNet network devices attach the instruNet terminator tighten the thumbscrews power the computer back on and log in as the Administrator Run the SetupEx exe Windows installer program This creates an instruNet directory installs many files into it creates an instruNet program group install
147. es you have a working knowledge of your programming language and programming tools Programming Overview iNet Function Call An instruNet data acquisition system is controlled with one main subroutine called iNet that is callable from C or Visual Basic The actual iNet code resides in the instruNet Driver file that you installed in Ch 1 i e Macintosh Code Resource or a Windows 32bit DLL The iNet function includes 7 parameters that specify a field in the network hierarchy that is to be read or written to as shown below iNetINT16 iNet iNetUINT8 netNum NETWORK number 0 numNetworks 0 is Driver 1 is 1st Controller installed into the computer 2 is the 2nd Controller etc iNetUINT8 deviceNum DEVICE number 0 numDevices 0 Controller 1 1st device on net iNetUINT8 moduleNum MODULE number within a hardware DEVICE 1 32 Each DEVICE can contain up to 32 separate modules Many devices have only 1 module iNetUINT8 chanNum Hardware CHANNEL number 1 32 Each device contains a number of channels i e signals that are accessed via a screw terminal or connector each of which has its own channel instruNet User s Manual 4 1 Ch 4 A Tutorial for Programmers Simple Format Functions iNetINT16 fieldGroupNumOrType If 0 this is a field Group Number 1 numFieldGroups if 0 this is a field Group Type iNetINT16 fieldNum Field number within the fieldGroup of the CHAN
148. est save and view instruNet BASIC Code This language is designed to help users automate the set up of instruNet channels calibration and data taking This language is described in detail in Chapter 9 instruNet BASIC and for a tutorial please refer to Chapter 2 Automate Setup and Data Taking with instruNet BASIC The BASIC page buttons are described as follows If text is selected in the BASIC page this text is executed as instruNet BASIC code otherwise the entire contents of the BASIC page is executed Stops execution of all instruNet BASIC code Opens a TEXT file and displays its contents in the BASIC Page text editor Saves the contents of the BASIC Page in the last saved or loaded TEXT file If one does not exist the Save Dialog prompts the user for a file name and location Saves the contents of the BASIC Page to disk in a TEXT file Discards the text in the BASIC Page 6 instruNet User s Manual Ch 6 Hardware Reference 6 Hardware Reference This chapter includes specifications for the following instruNet hardware products instruNet Controllers Model 200 s instruNet Controller for Win95 NT PCI bus or Macintosh PCI bus Model 220 s instruNet Controller for Macintosh Nubus bus Model 230 s instruNet Controller for Win95 PC Card bus 16bit PCMCIA instruNet Network Devices Model 100 100B and 100HC Analog Digital I O Network Device instruNet Network Accessories Model 300 Power Adaptor
149. et BASIC supports string variables These contain text and can be of any size memory permitting Strings names are suffixed with the character e g str abc and are often defined with an equal sign e g str initialText Strings can be passed as parameters to functions e g v sin str 2 and many commands support strings as destination or source text e g copy strAS strB The Define command tags a name to a segment of text enabling one later in the code to use that name instead of the original text segment For example Define MYCHANNELS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 allows one to use the name MYCHANNELS later in the code to refer to the list of channels Define names themselves must end in a character to indicate they are a define name Defines are similar to strings in that they contain text yet unlike strings they are typically written to once when they are initially defined instruNet World contains an internal database of variables strings and defines These objects are global in that any code fragment can read from or write to them They are non volatile in that they remain alive even when a code stops executing so that another fragment can use them Delete Variables deletes all objects in the database and Clear Variables sets all variables to 0 0 and all strings defines to no text Comments are preceded by or A row of text can begin with a comment or on
150. et Terminator novo SERE mme Device 1 Controller x DB z5 Cable DB 25 connector female Figure 1 5 instruNet Network 12 Tighten all DB 25 thumbscrews until lightly snug 13 Install an instruNet Terminator on the end of each network 14 Itis recommended that the user attach the instruNet instrumentation ground i e instruNet box and instruNet GND screw terminals directly to Earth ground with a 16gauge wire from the left most GND screw on the instruNet box to the closest Earth ground e g screw next to power socket This will reduce the chance of RFI coupling into the instruNet ground and is required if the user wants to meet EC and FCC RFI guidelines 1 6 instruNet User s Manual 15 16 Ch 1 Installation If working with an iNet 230 PC Card attach an external power supply e g iNet 311 or 322 to the PC Card Spin DIN connector This supplies power to the external network devices i e not the PC Card itself Turn the computer power ON and then Turn ON all powered devices attached to the instruNet network Software Installation Windows 95 1 Computer 2 3 4 5 6 7 Windows 1 Computer 2 3 4 5 6 Macintosh 1 Computer 2 3 Make sure you are on a Windows 95 computer 2 80486 with at least 4MB of ram 8MB is better If reinstalling new software over Version 1 22 software Run The System Control Panel select Device Manager select View Devic
151. et World window Test all ioNet Load text file Clear text hardware from disk in window Print list of installed Repetitively test all Save text window ioNet hardware ioNet hardware contents to disk Met rl EI End user notes Steve HcCabe 117117953 HAROWARE SEARCH RESULTS Date amp Time 11 9 1995 17 10 46 Search results Net Deu Mod Device Or i ver Hubus ioMet Controller slat 14 4000 Kb Hodel 100 Network Device IONET QUICK TEST RESULTS Test results Date amp Time 117971995 17 10 47 He ran 0 542568 million tests and did HOT hit 1 error o o ooo 0 A m Network Record EE Select Network Select Record Text editor Scroll through text Page Page window editor window Figure 5 12 instruNet World Test Page instruNet User s Manual Ch 5 instruNet World Application Program Test Buttons The Test page sports the following buttons Generates a report similar to that below that lists all instruNet hardware attached to your computer This includes all Controllers and all Devices If this report disagrees with what you think is out there please check your cables and consult the Verify That Your System Is Working Properly discussion in Chapter 1 INSTRUNET HARDWARE SEARCH RESULTS Date amp Time 10 23 1995 19 23 20 Net Dev Mod Device 0 Mac OS Ver 8 0 0 1 instruNet Driver Version 1 24 1 instruNet BASIC license 32 048353 62581 1 Nubus Controller iNet 220
152. etting Group Fields Model200PCL Chl 10 General Value I O Units Label User Name Model 220 Nubus Digital Timer Sample Rate Model 230 Display Display On Off Display Max EU PC Card Display Min EU Controllers Timer Function Period Clk Out Hi Measure Meas Resol Meas Cycles Ch 11 Time General Time Secs Units Label User Name Sample Rate Display On Off Max EU Min EU Ch 12 Digitizer General Value Units Label User Name Sample Rate Timebase Digitize Off On Pts Per Scan No Of Scans Min sec tsfr Sample Rate Scan Mode Switching Network BPS Trigger Trigger Off On Threshold EU Slope Trig Trig Dev Continued Trig Mod Trig Chan Table 7 1 Channel Reference instruNet User s Manual heel Ch 7 Channel Reference Hardware Device Channel Setting Group Fields Model 100 Chi Vin General Value Input Units Label User Name Analog amp Ch2 Vin Sample Rate Digital O Ch4 Vin Hardware Sensor Wiring Low Pass Integrate System Ch5 Vin Range Ch7 Vin Constants Ro Rshunt Vout Vinit alpha Ch8 Vin delta Rlead GF v Poisson Ch10 Vin Display Display On Off Disp Max EU Ch11 Vin Display Min EU Ch13 Vin Lowpass Filter Filter type PassB
153. ext file filling a 2 GByte file at rates of approximately 5000 points second instruNet BASIC can also create buttons at the top of the instruNet World window that execute BASIC code when pressed Buttons can be used to set up the calibration of channels record data save data and view data instruNet BASIC can declare a list of channels that are many channels long and then with one line of code globally set a field e g sensor type wiring integration for each of those channels This enables one to set up channels without manually setting fields within the instruNet Network page For more details please see the text files in folders instruNet BASIC Examples and instruNet BASIC Documentation One can read these by pressing the BASIC tab at the base of the instruNet World window pressing the Open button and then navigating to the instruNet BASIC directory instruNet User s Manual 2 19 Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial DVM Example Math Example Print Example Data Acquisition Example To Learn More e Press the Open button navigate to file instruNet BASIC Y Examples DVM Bs and load the file into the instruNet BASIC text editor Press the Execute button to run this program and press the Stop button when done monitoring its activity This program reads several channels and prints them to one line in the text editor once each second simulating a digital voltmeter e Press the Open button navigate to file instruNet
154. f elseif else endif commands allow one to make decisions While continues to loop while the instruNet User s Manual 9 7 Ch 9 instruNet BASIC test case is true while Loops loops a fixed number of times Goto jumps to a Label and labels are simply a unique word suffixed with a character For an example use of these commands please see instruNet BASIC Examples program iBs Mathematical Expressions Math Operators Bitwise Operators A powerful feature within the instruNet BASIC is the ability to evaluate mathematical expressions Parameters passed to functions with enclosing parenthesis are first evaluated mathematically For example Print 2 3 prints the number 6 One can nest several parenthesis within one expression For example var 2 3 3 4 correctly evaluates to 35 Objects within parenthesis are evaluated numerically This means that one can place variables strings and defines within a mathematical expressions For example if v 2 3 and 4 then v s def evaluates to 10 And many common mathematically functions are also supported For example abs 1 calculates the absolute value of the 1 argument returning 1 One can enter constants as integers e g 3 3 floating point numbers e g 3 1 2 12 scientific notation values e g 1 34e 10 hexadecimal numbers with a Ox prefix e g OxACO1 and binary numbers with Ob prefix e g 0601010
155. fers to a command that is expressed as Debug On or Debug Off Parameters that are shown in italics are to be defined by the user whereas parameters shown in non italics are keywords that are to be typed as shown For example the Close command is described as follows Close fileName a11 This command has one parameter that is either fileName or the keyword all When one uses this command to close a specific file they would refer to that file s name otherwise they would use the keyword all to close all open files Parameters shown in parenthesis are optional For example Loop numCycles secsPerLoop describes a command with one mandatory parameter numCycles and one optional parameter secsPerLoop One could express this command as Loop 3 or Loop 3 1 yet not simply as Loop If the secsPerLoop parameter in this example is not included the loop runs as fast as possible without a secsPerLoop synchronizer Quotes are used to encapsulate text that retains spaces amp capitalization s For example Alert Is anyone there displays the quoted text exactly as shown If text is not in quotes space characters indicate a new parameter and capital letters are converted to lower case by the interpreter Subsequently non quoted code is not sensitive to lower case upper case discrepancies Encapsulating a parameter in parenthesis causes it to be mathematically evaluated for value For example Print 3 2 pri
156. ftware numbers each controller in the order that they are found in the computer netNum ranges from 1 to of Controllers Each controller manages its own network of devices In most cases only one controller is necessary The advantage of multiple controllers is that each is its own real time machine and more controllers can do more things simultaneously 2 Install up to 16 Devices on each Network One can attach in daisy chain configuration up to 16 Network Devices to each instruNet Controller Each Network Device has two DB 25 connectors one for network input male and another for network output female To connect a chain of Network Devices one must connect each input connector to each output connector via a DB 25 Male Female cable The Controller is attached to the first device in the chain and an instruNet Terminator is attached to the far end of the instruNet User s Manual Ch 1 Installation chain Due to the male female polarization the network cannot be installed incorrectly with instruNet Male Female cables Each Controller includes Timer I O Channels Each Controller except iNet 230 PC Card provides 10 Timer I O channels Each channel can be programmed as a digital input digital output 0V 4V TTL compatible clock output or period measurement input Each Controller includes one Terminator One instruNet Terminator must be installed at the end of each network chain This terminator mates with t
157. g 10 8 11 11 2 11 4 Secs Chi Mint 2 3418 Volts This display shows the sensor s value in realtime in native engineering units e g Volts Amps degrees Celsius strain based on your software settings and external hardware wiring The numerical value displayed at the bottom right is the actual real time value being read by instruNet The plot shows the digitized version of your sensor value vs time The horizontal scale of this display is determined by the Pts Per Scan No of Scans Scan Mode Horiz Scale and Sample Rate fields within the global Setup dialog i e press the Record tab at the bottom of the instruNet World window and then press the Setup button at the top For details on how these work please consult Ch2 Working with the Voltage Inputs To adjust the vertical scale of the probe display select Display in the Setting popup and then set the Disp Max EU and Disp Min EU fields to the desired engineering units values that correspond to the top and bottom of the display e g set 1 and 1 to view a signal that varies from 1V to 1V Press the Enter button to cause the new settings to take effect and then view the updated display instruNet User s Manual Ch 3 Connecting to Sensors 11 If your Sensor is not working Fix it Listed below are several debugging hints for channels that are returning bad results a Check that you have the correct channel To check that you have the correct channel and that
158. g fixed unstrained strain gages of the same ohmic value 3 5 Filter Settings for Low Level Measurements Strain gage thermocouple and RTD voltages are typically very low and therefore often require low pass filtering to reduce noise Low pass filters cause high frequencies to be rejected while low frequencies are passed Visually the signal becomes smoother instruNet provides several low pass filter options a The Low Pass popup menu in the Hardware settings area can select a variety of analog low pass filter options e g the Model 100 provides the following analog one pole low pass options off 40Hz and 4KHz b The Integrate field in the Hardware Settings area selects how long the signal is averaged before instruNet returns one number This averaging in effect is a low pass filter Careful this averaging fully consumes the instruNet controller and therefore reduces the maximum possible sample rate A 0 001 sec integration time is often very helpful at reducing noise and increasing accuracy c The Low Pass settings area provides a means by which one can digitally filter a signal post acquisition with tremendous accuracy d The user can manually place a capacitor across the Vin and Vin input terminals with any bridge or voltage divider circuit to provide a I pole low pass filter where the cut off Frequency in Hertz is equal to 1 2 x R C where R is the source resistance in ohms C the parallel capacitance in Farads
159. ge Output channels In summary these channels output the Voltage specified in the Value Output field within the General settings area Accuracy s are discussed in Ch6 Hardware Reference Voltage Output channels are named ChX Vout in the Network Page n the Network page click on the Ist cell of the first B Settings M voltage output channel For the Model 100 this would be Ch3 Vout channel Value Output When the Probe dialog opens set the Value Output Units Label field to 1 and press the i Enter button as illustrated to User Name Ch3 Wout the right The analog output channel is Samp Rate immediately updated to the new value when Enter is clicked Click OK to return to the Network page and view the Value Input column for the chosen Voltage output channel It should display a value in the vicinity of 1V With Voltage outputs instruNet reads back the output voltage and displays this value in the Value Out column This is useful information when loading of the output signal will change its value An example of this is a bridge excitation circuit where it instruNet User s Manual 2 25 Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial is important to know the value of the excitation voltage within a small margin e g to 01 yet the actual voltage only needs to be within several percent of the target voltage Working With Digital I O Channels Some hardware Devices provide Digital I O
160. ger off the same signal one must attach the trigger signal to one channel from each network and set up the Trigger dialogs for each network to trigger off that one channel in each of their respective networks To trigger off the instruNet 100 Ch25 Digital Input specify this channel as the trigger source attach your trigger signal to Ch25 DIOS and set the trigger threshold to 200 When DIOS is high i e 2 5V Ch25 is read as 128 255 and when DIOS is held low i e 0 8V Ch25 is read as 0 127 This concludes the tutorial From here you might consider exploring the following areas Chapter 3 Sensor Reference which summarizes how to connect sensors Chapter 4 Programmers Tutorial which is a tutorial designed to get programmers up and running quickly instruNet User s Manual 2 31 Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial 2 232 instruNet User s Manual Ch 3 Connecting to Sensors 3 Connecting to Sensors This chapter describes how to connect sensors to instruNet hardware and how to configure instruNet software for each type of sensor instruNet allows different sensors to be connected directly to each input channel including RTD s thermocouples strain gages resistance sources current sources and single ended and differential voltage sources In some cases the user must add an external resistor to facilitate the reading of a sensor This chapter is not intended to be a complete reference on sensors and their use For a wonderful
161. gger than RAM data yet one must consider how they will process the huge disk based file To Digitize Into File set the Digitize Into field to To File set the File Type field to Binary Merge set the Sample Rate field to the desired points per second per channel set the Pts Per Scan field to a nominal value e g 5000 to set the intermediate RAM buffer size and then set the No Of Scans field to the number of RAM buffers of data that are collected For example digitizing 1000 scans of 5000pts instruNet User s Manual 2 3 Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial per scan data digitized at 1000pts per sec will spool to disk a total of 5M points over a 5Ksec period When the Start button is pressed in the Record page it will prompt you for a file name before digitizing and send the data directly to disk The main issue when digitizing directly To File is How are you going to deal with all that data on disk instruNet World will not allow you to load it into ram since file based data 1s typically too large to fit into ram and then save it back out in another file format It will only allow you to scroll though and view the data it automatically pages in segments from disk as needed for display And to digitize To Disk quickly you need to use the Binary Merge File Type which interlaces all channels into one file in 32bit floating point form There is physically no other way to spool to disk at fast rates without saving in this manner Th
162. h1 Vin1 one would click on the Chl Vin1 cell Click on any cell in the Units Label column to open the Probe dialog as shown in figure 2 6 instruNet User s Manual The Probe Dialog Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial Settings popup Network Device Module Channel Network Address EL ME TIN i 3 Settings General Value Input 0 733619 UserName Chi U in D 1 25 2 5 3 75 Secs Chi Vint 0 76474 Volts Fields for General settings area Figure 2 6 The Probe Dialog Using the Probe dialog any Field within the instruNet Data Tree can be viewed or modified The upper most 4 popup menus specify a channel address i e Network Device Module Channel the Settings popup specifies a Setting group e g General Lowpass Filter Highpass Filter etc and the Settings area shows between 1 to 8 Fields depending on the Settings group selected For example in Figure 2 6 we are viewing the General settings for channel Ch1 Vin which is physically connected to the Ist Device a Model 100 attached to the Ist Controller i e Network which is plugged into computer slot 12 The General settings group contains 4 Fields Value Input Units Label User Name and 96 Sample Rate The Value Input field shows the real time current value of the channel Units Label is the displayed label for the channel s value e g Volts Amps C User Name i
163. he excitation is external and then enter the external excitation voltage in the Vout 2 In high current cases e g 2mA it is often helpful to alternate the polarity of the excitation voltages to evenly burden the 12V supplies 5 Set the Vinit field in the Constants settings area to the voltage measured when the bridge is not stimulated in Volts units to null the bridge 6 Wire your voltage source per figure 3 2b and refer to the steps at the beginning of this chapter for more information on how to set up your sensor 0 Current measurement involves reading the voltage across an external user supplied shunt resistor to which a current source is connected as illustrated to the right The voltage is measured between a pair of instruNet Vin and Vin input terminals instruNet then calculates the current through the shunt resistor using the following equation and returns a value in Amps units Fig 3 3 Current Measurement current Amps Vin Vin Rshunt Shunt resistor values are typically chosen to cause a large voltage several volts maximum to be measured by instruNet without saturating the current source i e exceeding its maximum output voltage and without heating up the resistor significantly to cause its resistance to change If the Rshunt value is low then the voltage across it is low and this decreases the signal to noise ratio of the measured signal Also Rshunt must be selected such that the
164. he network Blown power fuse e g 5V 12V To test if your fuses are ok measure the or 12V in the Device or in the voltages at the 5V 12V and 12V Controller which could have been screw terminals on the instruNet 100 caused by plugging in devices For example to measure the 5V while the power is on instruNet voltage place one voltmeter lead on the 100 units manufactured after 5V screw terminal and the other lead 9 1 97 contain resettable fuses that on the GND screw terminal If the automatically reset after blown voltage is off by more than 1V a fuse is probably blown in either the instruNet 100 or the Controller card Please contact your instruNet supplier if this is the case Bad instruNet Cable Try another cable Broken Controller or Device Consult your instruNet supplier Table AI 1 Troubleshooting Appendix I 2 instruNet User Manual Appendix Troubleshooting If the instruNet PCI Controller Board is not seen by the instruNet World software After installing the instruNet software per Chapter 1 one can easily verify its installation by running the instruNet World software If on Windows 95 NT select instruNet World in the instruNet group within the START menu to run instruNet World When this software first opens a list of instruNet resources are listed in a spreadsheet like format If only 3 rows of information are displayed then the software only
165. he output connector of the last device instruNet Controllers include an instruNet Terminator therefore they do not need to be purchased separately Caution Do not use a SCSI Terminator in place of an instruNet Terminator they are different Each Network Device includes one cable Each instruNet Network Device is shipped with one 10foot DB 25 Cable Male Female cable for purposes of configuring your network You can purchasing your own cables If you want a specific cable length you can purchase your own DB 25 male to DB 25 female shielded wired point to point i e pin X to pin X cables We recommend 24 gauge wire for gt 4 meters however 28 gauge is fine with lt 4m Twisted pairs are recommend for gt 4 meters with the following wires twisted 1 amp 14 2 amp 15 3 amp 164 amp 17 5 amp 18 6 amp 19 7 amp 20 8 amp 21 9 amp 22 10 amp 23 11 amp 24 12 amp 25 these are physically next to each other in the connector A supplier of high quality DB25M DB25F instruNet compatible cables is Global Computer Supplies 11 Harbor Park Dr Dept RC Port Washington NY 11050 Tel 800 845 6225 or 516 625 6200 Fax 516 625 6683 www globalcomputer com Global Low of Part Description Length Cap Shields RCC91445A DB25m DB25f 6ft no double RCC91445B DB25m DB25f 10ft no double RCC91445C DB25m DB25f 15ft no double RCC91445D DB25m DB25f 25ft no double 914458 DB25m DB25f 50ft no double RCC4067A D
166. ht The voltage across the thermistor is measured between a pair of instruNet Vin and Vin input terminals while the excitation voltage for the divider is supplied by the instruNet Vout terminal instruNet calculates the thermistor resistance using the following equation E shunt Thermister Fig 3 16 Temperature Measurement Thermistor Voltage Divider Circuit RTherm Ohms Rshunt Vin Vin Vout Vin Vin TemperatureTherm C 273 15 1 0 a b Ln RTherm c Ln RTherm 3 a b and c are a function of 3 points in the resistance to temperature table as are calculated by instruNet after the user completes a short dialog box interview To minimize self heating it is recommended that thermistors operate at less than 100uW 50uW is better An example would be a 2252 ohm thermistor which will vary from 394 5 to 7355 ohms in the 0 70 C temperature range With 37V excitation voltage i e Vout and a 1000 ohm shunt resistor the current and power dissipation at 70 C would be 100uW Current Amps Volts Resistance 0 37V 1000 394 5 265mA Power watts Current 2 Resistance 0002652 1394 5 100uW The voltage across the thermistor would vary from 104mV to 320mV as the resistance across the thermistor varied from 394 to 7355 ohms therefore an input Voltage Range of 6V would work nicely in this case Shunt resistors with an initial accuracy of 025 and a temperature drift of 20ppm
167. i Uim 11 1 1 50 i100 5000 nv A 9OAG A Figure 2 8 Network Page scrolled horizontally to view the Ro amp Rshunt Fields Scroll horizontally to the left edge so that Value Input is in Column 6 and then scroll vertically until an input channels is no longer in the top row For example in Figure 2 9 a Voltage Output channel is in the top row Notice that the title to Column 6 changed from Value Input to Value Output This is because the titles are optimized for the one channel in the top row Chanrie Addr Ma ue Qutpujtnits Chiz Wout 11 1 1 0 013493 iualtz Chis Wout HI 0 013740 ts Figure 2 9 Network Page scrolled vertically to view the title for voltage outputs e Vertically scroll to the top of the table and then click on the net cell of the first row it should contain a 1 This will cause the Probe dialog to open and to display the clicked on cell The upper region of the Probe Dialog shown in Figure 2 10 is used to select a Channel s address 1 e Network Number Device Number Module Number and Channel Number UNBTIBDEE HUE BS t taie Din ona Dae iato iau deos Mute ert asina Network Device Module Channel 1 510414 510114 1 14100 1 1 100 Chilin Figure 2 10 Network Address Configuration section of Probe Dialog instruNet User s Manual Network Driver 1 Sloti4 Device
168. i e drag the lower left corner of window The minimum display height is about 2cm therefore if more displays exist than there is room only a subset will be shown and the user can vertically scroll through the viewed subset with the vertical scroll bar The horizontal scroll bar is used to horizontally scroll through waveforms post acquisition and consequently sets the time of the left edge for all displays To adjust the engineering units value that corresponds to the top and bottom of each display click on its label pictured to the left Settings Display If the channel is digitized and Display displayed if the Record page is open when the START button is pressed otherwise it is dormant while Digitizing Disp EU St This corresponds to the vertical axis value in engineering units at the top of a Disp Min EU ps Display This corresponds to the vertical axis Oscilloscope or Strip Chart Scan Mode value in engineering units at the bottom of a Display Figure 5 5 Display settings instruNet supports two Scan Modes Oscilloscope and Strip Chart one of which is selected in the Scan Mode popup within the Setup Dialog Oscilloscope digitizes individual Scans similar to a real Oscilloscope whereas Strip Chart links a set of scans together seamlessly to form one long waveform the user does not notice the individual Scans as illustrated in Figures 5 6 and 5 7 Put a litt
169. ined Voltage divider circuits are less accurate than bridge circuits when measuring small resistance changes which are typical in strain gage measurements but are easier and less expensive to build For strain gage measurements a bridge circuit is highly recommended over a voltage divider To do a strain gage measurement using a Voltage Divider you must Set the Sensor field in the Hardware settings area to Strain Gage 1 2 Set the Wiring field in the Hardware settings area to Voltage Divider 3 Setthe Voltage Range field in the Hardware settings area to something similar to 4 Vout Ro Rshunt Ro Set the Rshunt field in the Constants settings area to the value of your external user supplied Rshunt resistor in ohms units 1 3 6 5 Setthe Ro field in the Constants settings area to the value of your gage when unstrained in ohms units 6 Set the GF field in the Constants settings area to the gage s gage factor instruNet User s Manual Ch 3 Connecting to Sensors 7 Setthe Voutfield in the Constants settings area to specify the excitation voltage that is to be applied to the divider In high current cases e g gt 2mA it is often helpful to alternate the polarity of the excitation voltages to evenly burden the 12V supplies 8 Wire your strain gage per figure 3 6 and refer to the steps at the beginning of this chapter for more information on how to set up your sensor 5 10 Strain Gage Strain me
170. ing field in the Hardware settings area to F Bridge Axl I Set the v Poisson field in the Constants settings area to the v poison value of the material that your are twisting e g aluminum is 32 Wire your voltage source per figure 3 11 and refer to the steps at the beginning of this chapter for more information on how to set up your UON instruNet User s Manual Ch 3 Connecting to Sensors Strain Gage Measuring axial strain using a full Measurement bridge configuration involves wiring H four strain gages as shown in figure 3 12 applying a voltage across jur 5 f ge bridge and measuring the voltage across the two intermediate bridge nodes via a pair of instruNet Vin and Vin input terminals The excitation voltage for the bridge is supplied by either the instruNet Vout arial by an external voltage Fig 3 12 Strain Measurement source instruNet calculates the value Full Bridge Circuit Axial II of the strain returning strain engineering units using the equations Vr V V Vint Vin Vinit Vout Strain 2Vr GF 0 1 Vr o 1 v GF Vinit and Vout are fixed values that are specified by the user in the Constants Settings area whereas Vin Vin are measured in realtime by instruNet To do Axial Strain Gage measurement using a Bridge circuit you must 1 Do steps 1 through 6 listed in the previous Strain Gage Measurement Quarter Bridge discussion 2 Set th
171. ing installing Driver file and make sure user interface you install correct version of Driver 31 liNetEmr QSPIis busy running Press Reset Button Try doing things differently QSPI Busy and hope it goes away Latest version of instruNet Driver might help 32 liNetErm QSPI hit HALT error Press Reset Button Try doing things differently QSPI Halted and hope it goes away Latest version of instruNet Driver might help 33 iNetErr_ QSPI argument out of Press Reset Button Try doing things differently QSPI Arg range and hope it goes away Latest version of instruNet OutOfRange Driver might help 34 iNetErr QSPI hit time out error Press Reset Button Try doing things differently QSPI and hope it goes away Latest version of instruNet TimeOutErr Driver might help 35 iNetErr QSPI is acting flaky Check instruNet network cables Make sure a FlakyNet network terminator is properly installed See work Chapter 1 Hardware Installation 36 iNetEm could not find instruNet Make sure you installed the correct instruNet Driver CouldNot Driver file in system folder file at the correct location on your computer See LocateDriverFile Chapter 1 Software Installation Table All Error Codes instruNet User s Manual Appendix II 3 Appendix Il instruNet Error Codes 37 1NetErr netNum is out of range Make sure the specified netNum network number netNumOut pa
172. instruNet sers Manual January 5 1998 Manual Version 1 25 This equipment complies with the requirements in Part 15 of FCC Rules for a Class A computing device Operation in residential areas may cause unacceptable RFI interference Contents Chapter 1 Installation instruNet Family Overview Overview Controllers Network Devices instruNet Software Computer Requirements Constructing Your Network Install as many controllers as desired Install up to 16 Devices on each Network Each Controller includes Timer I O Channels Each Controller includes one Terminator Each Network Device includes one cable You can purchase your own cables Minimum Base System Maximum Sample Rate Turn power OFF when cabling Large networks require external power supply Hardware Installation Software Installation Windows x86 Computer Macintosh Computer Verifying That Your Systems Is Working Properly instruNet BASIC Software License Installation Chapter 2 instruNet Tutorial Record Waveforms in 7 Easy Steps Digitizing Analog Signals into the Computer The instruNet Data Tree Explore Your World The Network Page The Probe Dialog Channel Address Working with Sensors Working with instruNet BASIC Working with Calibration Different Scales and Mapping Working with Digital Filters Working with Voltage Output Channels Working with Digital I O Channels Working with Controller Digital Timer I O Channels Working with The Controller Time Since Reset Channel Working with
173. instruNet networks and controllers For example two controllers could support 332Ks sec aggregate throughput if run simultaneously When the instruNet powers up it empirically tests i e it test the cable impedance of the network to determine its maximum throughput rate 1 4 15 to 166Ks sec The maximum rate is decreased by additional network devices longer aggregate network cable length non twisted pair cables and thinner cable wire e g 28 gauge instead of 24 gauge Turn power OFF when cabling Always turn the computer and powered Network Devices Off before adjusting network cables Large networks require external power supplies The instruNet network cable provides power from the computer to the external Network Devices As the number of devices increases more current drawn and the cable lengths increases more voltage drops it becomes increasingly necessary to add an external power supply for the Network Devices We recommend adding an external power supply if your cable is gt 50 meters or for every 4 Network Devices after your 3rd Device In other words only add an external power supply if you have more than 3 network devices or if your network is longer than 50 meters Hardware Installation To install an instruNet network please N Un d WN Read the previous Constructing your Network discussion Turn OFF your computer Turn OFF all powered devices connected to your network Touch bare metal
174. iring field in the Hardware settings area to H Bridge Bend 3 Wire your voltage source per figure 3 8 and refer to the steps at the beginning of this chapter for more information on how to set up your sensor 10 instruNet User s Manual Ch 3 Connecting to Sensors Strain Gage Measuring axial strain using a 1 2 Measurement bridge configuration involves wiring z two strain gages as shown in figure Half Bridge 3 9 applying a voltage across the Axial bridge and measuring the voltage across the two intermediate bridge nodes via a pair of instruNet Vin and Vin input terminals The excitation voltage for the bridge is supplied by either the instruNet Vout terminal or by an external voltage source In figure 3 9 Rgage is a Fig 3 9 Strain Measurement strain gage Ro is either a fixed Half Bridge Circuit Axial resistor of known value or a fixed unstrained strain gage of value Ro and is the lead wire resistance instruNet calculates the value of the strain returning strain engineering units using the equations Vr V V Vin Vin Vinit Vout Strain 4Vr GF 1 v0 2Vr 0 DID 1 RE Ro v Ro GF Vinit and Vout are fixed values that are specified by the user in the Constants Settings area whereas Vin Vin are measured in realtime by instruNet Ro and Unstrained Rgage must be the same value e g 350ohms in order for the bridge to operate properly To do axial Strain Gag
175. is the field name which corresponds to the names of the fields in the Probe Dialog For details on these fields please refer to Chapters 2 3 5 and 8 instruNet User s Manual 9 5 Ch 9 instruNet BASIC The forth parameter is the new value for the field which is set for all channels in the specified list The following example creates a button that balances the strain gage channels when pressed Balancing involves measuring the voltage across the bridge when the gage is unstrained i e 0 uStrain and then loading this value into the Vinit field within the Constants setting group NewButton Test Balance create new button in Test page Alert Please apply 0 strain and then press OK Calibrate GAGES Vinit balance all strain gages Alert Thank you That was good EndButton The Calibrate chList Vinit command loads the Vinit field with the voltage at the channel screw terminals for every channel in the chList and subsequently balances the bridges with one line of code If one did Calibrate chList Int1 then the value of each channel would be loaded into the Mapping Internal or Internal2 if Int2 was specified field to facilitate two point calibration File I O Example The code below creates a button called Save As that saves the contents of the Test page to disk in a text file NewButton Test Save As create new button in Test page Create MyNewFile showDialog create a new file via
176. it dialog buttons Button and Page Commands NewPage pageName Creates a new tab at the bottom of the instruNet World window that selects a text editor region For example NewPage Data creates a new tab named Data and a new text editor region that appears when Data is pressed Subsequent code can then reference this region with the pageName Data For example Print Data Hello r would print the word Hello to the Data page NewButton pageName buttonName EndButton Creates a new button that executes the code between NewButton and EndButton when pressed pageName specifies the page that the button is to reside and buttonName specifies the text that appears inside the button at the top of the window Button names are typically less than 9 characters in length Subsequent commands refer to this button by its buttonName Press pageName buttonName This command automatically presses buttonName in page pageName For example Press Network Open causes the Network File Open dialog to appear If we created a new page called Data and placed a new button into this page called Calibrate then executing Press Data Calibrate would be the same as if the user had pressed that button herself himself Select pageName Selects page pageName and displays its contents This is similar to pressing a tab at the base of the window For example Select Record causes the Record page to appear Show Hide pageName Shows or hides a tab
177. itizing Analog Signals into dialog i e Seconds per horizontal division Use 0 0 to enable automatic Horiz Scale Specifies the horizontal scale of the displays in the Record page and Probe scale selection which is based on the sample rate and Scan size Horiz Pos Specifies the horizontal position of the displays in the Record page and Probe dialog i e seconds associated with the display left edge This in effect is linked to the horizontal scrollbar with lines Lines or Dots Lines requires more processor time Grid4 Turns display grid on or off or Off Max Pts Pixs Sets the maximum number of points plotted in each vertical column of pixels Specifies where digitized data is saved Off ToRamBuffero ToFile3 or UserControl Plots Specifies whether to plot one dot per data point or to connect data points Overflow Alrt7 Specifies whether or not the instruNet driver shows an alert when the Digitizer buffer overflows or Off and 220 instruNet Controllers not 1Net 230 For more information please refer to Chapter 2 Working with Controller Digital Timer I O Timer 14 Specifies the function of the Digital Timer I O Channels on the Model 200 Channels Outputs Period Measurement4 See Chapter 2 Working with Controller Digital Timer I O Channels for details Function Sets the channel function as one of Digital 01 Digi
178. ldNum parameters are correct See Chapter Press Reset Button iNetErr_ TimeoutAt WaitFor ReadDone time out at controller crashed controller Press Reset Button iNetErr_ Controller IsInWeeds iNetErr_ill egalDataType bad data type moduleNum chanNum settingNum Make sure the specified netNum deviceNum fieldNum parameters are correct See Chapter iNetErr_ FailedCopy DataTest Try reinstalling installing Driver file and make sure you install correct version of Driver iNetErr_ Compressor HitError compressor hit error Press Reset Button iNetErr_ FailedRam Test Power Computer off then on Press Big Test button in Test page Disconnect network cable from Controller to see if that fixes it Controller might need service iNetErr_ RanOutOf instruNet Driver ran out of memory memory Try reducing the number of points per Try giving calling application program more scan Try a computer with more RAM iNetErr_ AlertFailed the routine that shows an alert failed Try reinstalling installing Driver file and make sure you install correct version of Driver iNetErr_ CtrlrRom NotBooting instruNet Controller s ROM does not seem to boot up poss problem controller bus rom Power Computer off then on Press Big Test button in Test page Disconnect network cable from Controller t
179. le differently Oscilloscope waits for a Trigger specified in the Trigger dialog before digitizing each Scan and Strip Chart only waits for a Trigger before digitizing the first Scan Trigger 1 mi mi nm nm mi time 1 P gt amp waitfor trigger C M digitize Scann Bef digitize Scan n 1 BP digitize Scan n42 4 time 0 4 Start button pressed Figure 5 6 Strip Chart Recorder Mode instruNet User s Manual Ch 5 instruNet World Application Program Trigger Trigger d time P gt A waitfortrigger Me wait for trigger CM digitize Scann P gt 4 digitize Scan n 1 M c time 0 A time 0 r Start button pressed Figure 5 7 Oscilloscope Mode Oscilloscope mode has two variations Oscilloscope and Oscillo Queued Both Oscilloscope and Oscillo Queued acquire and store scans of data in a buffer for processing In Oscilloscope mode the most recent scan of data in the buffer will always be returned for processing first in last out In Oscillo Queued mode the scans are retrieved from the buffer in sequence first in first out A typical example of how a data acquisition program using Oscilloscope mode would work is as follows first the program would wait for the user specified trigger condition and then acquire the first scan of data next the program would process the acquired scan i e display analyze save to disk while instruNet continued to acquire scans in the background ba
180. ler Digital Timer I O Channels The Model 200 and 220 not 230 instruNet Controller boards have 10 digital input output channels each of which can be used for period measurement clock output digital input or digital output Each of these channels runs independently of the others and of the other channels on the network For example Chl Timer is the first channel in a controller board Its network address is Device 0 Module 1 Channel 1 and its physical location is two pins on a 34 pin header connector located on the controller board The two connector pins are labeled Ch1 Din and Chl Dout one for digital input and one for digital output With the controller digital outputs 0 to 8V is a logic 0 and 2V to 5V is a logic 1 however with the controller digital inputs 0 to 8V is a logic 0 and 3 5V to 5V isa logic 1 Also with these signals voltages above 6V or below 6V will result in physical damage careful An instruNet Field is used to specify the function of Channel 1 as digital input digital output clock output or period measurement If digital input or period measurement are chosen the Chl Din pin is used otherwise the Ch1 Dout pin is used 2 US dms a setings Timer 7 Digital In Cik Period 0 0005 Cik Out Hi 0 0005 Cycle time Cycle time High time Figure 2 25 The Timer Settings Area Function Meas Resol Measure Digital In Digital Out Clock Out
181. les deletes all variables strings and defines from memory Delete Buttons deletes user created buttons from memory Delete pages deletes user created pages and Delete deletes all previously mentioned items 9 14 instruNet User Manual Ch 9 instruNet BASIC String quoted text numbers var str def math expression Copies a concatenated list of text items to the specified string This is the same as the Print command except the destination string is first cleared before text is concatenated onto it For example a 9 8 b abc Str a b 3 a bS 2 3 causes Str to be loaded with 9 8 abc 12 8bc For details please refer to the documentation on the Print command Variable math expression Loads the specified variable with the result of the math expression For example a 2 s 3 2 v abs a s 3causes v to be loaded with 8 2 For details please see the previous discussion on Math Expressions Programming Commands Debug on off Toggles debugging on or off If on diagnostics are printed to the BASIC page for each line of code that is executed This can be useful when debugging code that is not working properly Also adding additional Print statements to your code e g Print BASIC Print Test canaidin debugging as well End Stops program execution All variables defines and strings remain alive and well until one does
182. licking the Store button saves the current network settings to a preferences file within your operating system folder Clicking Restore loads in this file File open and save dialogs do not appear since the Fields are always saved to the same file i e a file with the same name Obviously you loose your last saved network when you press the Restore button careful Press the Store button to save your current Field settings to disk instruNet User s Manual 2 13 Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial Press the Clear button to erase your Field settings to their default values Notice how the Amps units label has now returned to its default setting of Volts Press the Restore button to restore the previously saved settings Notice how the Amps units label has returned To save the settings to the file of your choosing click the Save and Open buttons Press the Save button Type a file name and select a file location when the File Save dialog appears Remember where you put this file Now press the Clear button to clear all settings to their default values Press the Open button and select your saved file in the File Open dialog Notice how the Amps units label now appears At this time you have 2 files on your hard disk with your saved network settings The Reset button differs from the Clear button in that it resets the hardware in addition to clearing your fields It has the same affect on an instruNet network
183. lue var str def math expression time date variables Prints a list of items to the specified destination page i e tab at bottom of window or open file If the first parameter after Print is not a file or page the printing is directed to the current page If keywords time or date is in the list the current time or date are substituted for those keywords Text in quotes is printed exactly as is The list of items i e quoted text time date variables strings defines can appear in any order and be of any length r within quoted text is interpreted as a carriage return or tab character respectively Items within parenthesis are first evaluated mathematically e g 3 abs a 3 in item list would be evaluated mathematically and its result would be printed For many examples of the print command please see file instruNet BASIC Y Examples PrintiBs Print Variables causes all variables to be printed To print a range of a string supply the start and stop indices into the string array base 0 within square brackets For example print str 3 5 prints the characters from string str after the first 4 characters One can separate the items in the print list with a space character or plus symbol For example Print a b d e prints abcde To print value in a floating point format from a variable string or defines prefix x y to the object name where x is the number of
184. lumns are used to display the settings of Fields that pertain to each Channel The horizontal scroll bar is used to scroll through the Fields and the vertical scroll bar is used to scroll the Channels Modifying Fields To change a Field simply click on its cell The Probe dialog will pop open and it is here that one can view and modify all Fields within the network Typical networks will house thousand of Fields yet their default values in most cases will suffice relax For a detailed description of the various settings please refer to Chapter 8 Settings Reference of this manual Channels Figure 5 3 shows an expanded view of the Network Page The Channel names appear in the left most column and the real time values of each channel are under Value Input The network address i e network number device number and module number of each channel is shown in column 2 The first channel in the first module of the first device attached to the first Controller will have a physical network address of 1 1 1 1 The table header is optimized for the upper most visible channel and therefore may change slightly when scrolling vertically Turning A To enable a channel for digitizing so you can see its signal in the Record Page Channel On one must click on the small vertical rectangle after the network address It will darken to indicate that the channel will be digitized when the Start button is pressed in the Record Page Clicking i
185. ly by Programming If Digitize is set to On the channel is enabled for digitizing and the digitized data is sent to the Driver Ram buffer at runtime or Off2 File Name3 Specifies the file name that 1s linked to the channel This is often the same as the channel name e g Chl Vin Table 8 1 Channel Setting Group Reference 8 4 instruNet User Manual Ch 8 Settings Reference Settings fT Group Field raaNum _setting Type ji 0 d File 17 Command4 Writing to the Command field causes the following to occur use the Continued Record window Open Save commands to connect with datasets on disk File gt Ram buf Transfer Num Pts number of points from the Scan Nums scan starting at PointNume from the File to the Driver Ram Buffer If FileType is Binary Merge this occurs for all channels stored in the file for this network File gt User buf4 Same as File gt Ram buf yet to User Ram Buffer Ram buf File3 Transfer the data in the Driver Ram Buffer to the file on disk If FileType is Binary Merge this occurs for all channels stored in the file for this network User buf gt Files Same as Ram buf gt Files yet from User Ram Buffer Get File Infos Get information about the File Load Scan Nums PointNumg with the last point in the file and load Num Pts7 with the number of points per scan Num Pts7 Refers to the number of points in the last Scan 1 PtsPer
186. meters with Set iNet TRIGGER Parameters Tell the instruNet driver to start digitizing with PRESS iNet BUTTON iNetCM BtnPress Record Start Periodically e g 4 times per second call Service A11 iNet Digitize Buffers to provide the instruNet Driver time to service internal buffers this is mandatory 7 Callaccess Digitized Data In Ram Buffer to access digitize data for each channel Support Additional functions defined and described in C file INET_INT c and in Visual Functions Basic file INET Interface bas are listed as follows UTILITY FUNCTIONS iNet Peek intl6 Reads 16bit integer number from a specific logical address iNet Peek int32 Reads 32bit integer number from a specific logical address iNet Peek f1t32 Reads 32bit floating point number from a specific logical address iNet_Poke_int16 Writes 16bit integer number to a specific logical address iNet Poke int32 Writes 32bit integer number to a specific logical address iNet f1t32 Writes 32bit floating point number to a specific logical address iNet Get VarPtr Returns a pointer to the passed variable iNet_memcopy Copies memory block from one place to another ADVANCED FIELD READ WRITE ROUTINES iNet int32 Reads or writes to a field via a 32bit signed integer variable iNet uint32 Reads or writes to a field via a 32bit unsigned integer variable iNet f1t32 Reads or writes to a field via a 32bit floating point vari
187. n Measurement 2 terminals as illustrated in the figure to the right The Gnd terminal is not used when connecting a differential voltage source to instruNet however you must be careful to insure that the voltage applied to the Vin or Vin terminal does not exceed the maximums specified in Ch8 Hardware Reference e g all Vin terminals on the Model 100 must be kept between 5V Fig 3 2 Differential and 5V with respect to the Gnd terminal in order to Voltage Measurement assure accurate readings Differential mode is with One Signal Source preferable for applications involving significant amounts of low frequency lt 5kHz common mode noise that might result from long signal cables instruNet channels configured for Voltage measurement return a value in units of Volts To do a Differential Voltage measurement you must Set the Sensor field in the Hardware settings area to Voltage Set the Wiring field in the Hardware settings area to Vin Vin Wire your voltage source per figure 3 2 and refer to the steps at the beginning of this chapter for more information on how to set up your sensor If your measured signal is noisy try connecting a wire or 1 Kohm resistor between the Vin and GND terminals to reduce common mode noise and refer to footnote 5 at the end of this chapter for details on how to low pass filter the measured signal gt U N E Bridge Ratio Bridge Ratio Voltage measurement Voltage inv
188. nNT System32 Win95 System or Mac System Extensions V keyword appDir causes the new file to be placed in the same directory as the currently executing application program and keyword masterDir causes the file be placed at an internal pathname called the Master Directory One can set the Master Directory with the SetMasterDir command described below Flush fileName a11 Writes pending data to disk for the specified open file This is not necessary since data is flushed periodically automatically yet is here to allow additional control over internal file buffers Open fileName masterDir showDialog lastDialog osDir appDir Opens the specified file in the specified directory For details on the directory options please see the above discussion on the Create command SetMasterDir showDialog lastDialog newFolder Sets the master directory pathname via a file open dialog showDialog or to the last used pathname lastDialog Keyword newFolder causes a new folder to be created After being set this global pathname can be used to direct other file I O operations SetPointer fileName bytelncrement romStart fromEOF fromPos All open files have an internal pointer that refers to the last written to or last read from byte location starting with 0 The SetPointer command moves this pointer a relative amount forward or backward from the 1st byte of the file fromStart the end
189. nals digital input channel or a digital output channel When configured as an input a channel can be used to MPut Levels VIN Y R sense a digital high 3 2V to 10Volts or digital low 0 Jue d to Volts When configured as an output a channel In can be set high 2 0V min or low 5 max The HL 5 ree eee e volloges up JO and Output Levels VoH 2V 5V max 5mA max IoL 500mA max Vo 1 7V IoL 50mA max Vo 7V Table 6 2 Model 100 100B and 100HC Technical Specificati instruNet User s Manual 6 5 Ch 6 Hardware Reference Model 100xx Connector I O Terminals Ch 1 24 Vin Vin These are voltage input ports that can be wired for any of the sensors described in Chapter 5 Sensor Reference When wiring single ended inputs the Vin and Vin terminals function identically Ch 1 24 Vout These are voltage output ports that can be used for purposes such as stimuli and sensor excitation Specifications Analog Inputs A D Conversion Time 4us min A D Resolution 14 bit A D Ranges 5V 6V 78mV 8mV Amplifier Gain 1 8 64 512 Number of Channels 16se 8di System Throughput 166Ksamples second max Measurement Accuracy Voltage Integration Channel Voltage Range seconds Switching Accurac 5V lms either 7mV Osec Accurate 1 5mV Osec Fast 2 5mV 6V lms either 75uV Osec Accurate 150uV Osec Fast 225 80mV lms either
190. nction popup instruNet ignores all other Fields in the Timer area instruNet User s Manual Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial Field Digital In Digital Out Clock Out Period Meas ClkPeriod notused not used used not used ClkOutHigh notused not used used not used Measure notused not used notused used Meas Resol notused not used notused used Meas Cycles not used not used notused used Table 2 2 Fields used with different Controller Digital I O Functions We will now set up one channel as a clock output and measure its duration with another channel This will require a 34 wire screw terminal block cabled to the digital connector on a Model 200 or 220 instruNet Controller board If you do not have a screw terminal block wired to your Controller you can still do this experiment yet the measured period will not be correct Connect a physical wire between Pin 6 Ch1 Dout and Pin 7 Ch2 Din of the Controller Digital I O connector Set the Function popup to Clock the Clk Period pe Settings Timer field to 005 and Clk Out Hi field to 001 Select General in the Settings _ popup and set the User Period field to Clock Out e Click the Enter button in bottom right of the Probe M Dialog to start the clock easure output e Select Ch2 Timer in the upper right Channel pop
191. nel multiplexor is switched Accurate switching has a lower maximum sample rate than Fast switching Integration time is independently programmable for each channel and reduces noise by averaging many samples Also if more than 125 samples are averaged a dithering noise generator automatically turns on to add noise to the input signal This increases the accuracy further by using more a d codes to establish the input voltage 6 8 instruNet User s Manual Model 300 Power Adaptor Toward Computer instruNet controllers provide power to external devices however this power is sometimes inadequate due to too many devices on the network or a network length that induces an unacceptable voltage drop between the controller and the devices Subsequently one can insert a Model 300 Power Adaptor inline the instruNet network preferably close to the Devices receiving power Ch 6 Hardware Reference iNet 300 go 3 instruNet Power Adaptor DIGITAL HIGHWAY Power In and connect an external power source e g iNet 311 or 322 Power Supply to the Model 300 External Power Source input connector Multiple Model 300 s can be placed in one network e g place one Model 300 every 4 Devices in a 16 Device network Outbound Devices earth 2 shield 4 12V 5A 12V 5A 5 5V 1A 3 1 Com External Power Input Looking Into Male 5p DIN Plug Fig 6 3 Model 300
192. nels as opposed to whipping back and forth between separate files for each channel The beginning of the Binary Merge file contains an array of GWI file header struct structs defined in file INET INT H for the various channels followed by the interlaced 32bit floating point data The first 4 bytes in the header is the length of the header for 1 channel in bytes i e 516 2 0x0204 To read the of channels stored in the file read the channelsPerFile field of the first struct e g to see how many headers are there After the header the data is saved in an interlaced form where points are stored in the order that they are acquired in time For example data from 3 channels A B and C at the same sample rate would be stored as instruNet User s Manual Appendix V 1 Appendix V Working with instruNet Files If Channel B was stored at 1 N of the sample rate where N is 2 N is ALWAYS and integer and is defined in the sampleRate Divider field the data would be packed in the following way The binary data is stored in Intel little endian Windows or 68k big endian Macintosh format as noted by the file endian field in the header Use the jnt32key int32key_StructTest intl6key and flt32key fields to make sure you are reading things correctly as defined in file INET_INT H These keys are preset to specific values If you save the file on a Windows 95 NT computer and load it on a Windows 95 NT computer things should
193. ng with DASY Lab Working with LabVIEW Working with HP VEE Working with MicroLab Working with Origin Working with TestPoint Appendix V Working With instruNet Files instruNet File Types A V 1 Reading instruNet Files From C A V 1 Manual by Glenn Weinreb and Stephen McCabe Copyright 1996 98 GWI instruNet is a registered trademark of GWI Manufactured in USA TC 8 instruNet User s Manual 1 Ch 1 Installation Installation This chapter explains how to install instruNet hardware and software onto your computer and how to verify that your instruNet System is operating properly With new systems it is recommend that you first do the Chapter 1 Installation and then proceed to the Chapter 2 Tutorial instruNet Family Overview instruNet Controller Overview Controllers Network Network Device Device instruNet is a hardware and software product family that enables one to interface computers such as the Apple Macintosh and Windows 95 NT x86 PC Compatible computers to common laboratory and factory equipment for purposes of data acquisition and control instruNet utilizes a high speed network approach that is both low cost and flexible for providing voltage inputs voltage outputs digital inputs digital outputs and timer I O to the computer Each instruNet Network is controlled by a Network Controller board that installs into a computer A different controller board is used with each common bus interface
194. ntl Int2 For each channel in the cAList the Mapping Internall or Internal2 fields are loaded with the measured engineering units value This facilitates doing a two point calibration via the Mapping Setting Group Digitize chList sRate nPts PageFileOrStr separator lastRowChar charPerCol mouseStop time Digitizes the channels in the chList channel list at the specified samples per second per channel sRate and number of points per channel nPts Data is printed to the specified page open file or string with each channel in its own column If keyword mouseStop is included in the command line a mouse down aborts the data taking also pressing Stop in the BASIC pages stops execution If keyword time is included in the command line then the point time is placed in the left most column of instruNet User s Manual 9 19 Ch 9 instruNet BASIC the resulting printed table For a description of the separator lastRowChar and charPerCol parameters please see the Table description below SetChannel chList newValue Sets the value of each channel in the chList to the specified newValue This is most applicable with voltage output and digital output channels For example SetChannel 1 1 1 3 2 0 sets Ch3 Vout to 2 0 Volts SetChannelBit chList 0 1 bitNum Sets the bitNum bit of each channel in the chList to the specified 0 or 1 value This is most applicable with digital output channels For example Set Chann
195. nts 6 For details please see the previous Math Expressions discussion Backslash characters followed by an r or t i e amp t are used to indicate carriage return or tab characters within quotes For example Print A 1 rB 2NrC 3 r prints 3 rows of text instruNet User s Manual 9 13 Ch 9 instruNet BASIC nw Floating Point Floating point numbers must use a decimal point to separate the integer and fractional part e g 1 8 refers to 1 and 4 5 Object Names String names must be suffixed with the character variables names with the character and define names with the character Object Management Commands Append pageFileStrVarDefine source pageFileStrVar destination Appends the text in the specified source object e g string variable define quotedText math expression or numerical constant to the destination string variable page or open file For example Append BASIC Test would append the text in the BASIC page onto the end of the text in the Test page Append abc str would append abc onto the end of the existing text in string str Clear all variables pages userPages buttons files pageName fileName Clears the specified objects of their data Clear Variables clears all variables strings vars defines of their data Clear userPages clears the text in the pages created with the NewPage command Clear Buttons deletes the buttons created
196. o see if that fixes it Controller might need service iNetErr_ CtrirRam NotBooting instruNet Controller s driver in RAM does not seem to boot up poss problem controller bus ram rom download from uC bad driver downloaded Power Computer off then on Press Big Test button in Test page Disconnecting network cable from Controller might help Controller might need service Latest version of instruNet Driver might help iNetErr_ DriverDown loadFailed the download of the uController driver into uC ram failed driver may be bad or hardware is bad the keys did not match Power Computer off then on Press Big Test button in Test page Disconnecting network cable from Controller might help Controller might need service Latest version of instruNet Driver might Table All Error Codes Appendix II 2 instruNet User s Manual Appendix Il instruNet Error Codes 23 iNetErr_ failed during controller rw Power Computer off then on Press Big Test CtrlrRW test in Test_DualPort_Ram button in Test page Disconnecting network cable TestFailed from Controller might help Controller might need service Latest version of Driver might help 24 iNetErr_ Interface block between Power Computer off then on Press Big Test Interface uController and host button in Test page Disconnecting network cable BlockTest computer is invalid from Controller might help Controller might need Failed service Latest vers of
197. oller such as the network sample rate or the value of a digital output on the Controller s Digital I O Connector The Module popup lists all Modules in the currently selected Network Device Most Devices only have 1 module as shown to the left The Channel popup lists all analog and digital I O channels in the currently selected Network Device Module The illustration to the left shows 3 channels 2 of which are voltage inputs and the 3rd which is a voltage output Explore your instruNet world via the 4 Channel Address popup menus at the top of the Probe dialog and the Settings popup menu Press OK when you are done exploring All instruNet Fields i e all the cells in the Network page are saved to disk and loaded from disk with the press of a button When a configuration is saved all information including items such as trigger conditions sample rates and channel units are stored Waveform data is not stored at this time but can be saved by pressing the Save button in the Record page When a configuration is loaded all items are restored to their previously saved condition This means that instruNet configurations for specific experiments only need to be set up once And once a configuration is loaded it can be changed and then saved again if needed possibly in a different file e Select the Network page by clicking the Network tab The first two buttons at the top of the Network Page Restore and Store work as a pair C
198. olves measuring the ratio of the Measurement Voltage measured across a bridge to the excitation voltage applied to the bridge as illustrated in the figure to the right This involves applying a voltage across the bridge and measuring the voltage across the two intermediate bridge nodes via a pair of instruNet Vin and Vin input terminals The excitation voltage for the bridge is supplied by Fig 3 2b Bridge Ratio either the instruNet Vout terminal or by Voltage Measurement an external voltage source instruNet calculates the ratio returning V V engineering units using the equations Vr V V Vint Vin Vinit Vout Vinit and Vout are fixed values that are specified by the user in the Constants Settings area whereas Vin Vin are measured in realtime by instruNet To do Voltage ratio measurement using a Bridge circuit you must 1 Setthe Sensor field in the Hardware settings area to Voltage instruNet User s Manual 3 7 Ch 3 Connecting to Sensors Current Measurement 2 Set the Wiring field in the Hardware settings area to Bridge 3 Set the Ro field in the Constants settings area to the value of one Ro bridge resistor in ohms units 1 3 4 Set the Vout field in the Constants settings area to specify an excitation voltage to be applied to the bridge If you are applying an external excitation voltage enter Ro value in the Ro edit field e g 100 instead of 100ohms to tell the software that t
199. on your computer to discharge personal static electricity Remove the cover from your computer to gain access to the card slots as needed Remove the small I O fence cover from the back of your computer as needed instruNet User s Manual Ch 1 Installation 7 If you require access to an available Controller Digital Timer I O Channel run a 34 wire ribbon cable from the Controller s 34pin header connector out of the computer any way you can e g through another slot opening to the breakout of your choice e g a screw terminal block as illustrated below Digitall O amp Clock Computer IO Connector DB 25 connector male 3d wire screw terminal Computer Bus POL Hubuz 3d ire ribbon cable Figure 1 4 Installing an instruNet Controller into a Computer 8 Install the instruNet controller s into the computer s expansion slot s If working with a PCI Card make sure the Controller connector is well seated and inspect this connection with a strong light to make sure the printed circuit board fingers are aligned with their mating connector pins 9 Bolt the board metal I O fence to the computer as needed some computers do this Please skip this step if tightening this bolt causes the card to not seat well in its connector 10 Put the cover back onto the computer as needed 11 Attach the external instruNet Network Devices in a daisy chain configuration as illustrated below DB 25 conector male
200. ot fit into one of the standard categories in the previous table then you need to choose the closest category and then do the calculations necessary to resolve your desired engineering units If you do power OFF your network please use the following sequence Power OFF powered devices connected to the Network Power OFF Computer Configure network cables sensors and devices Power ON Computer Power ON powered devices connected to the Network APS 2 Tell the instruNet software which Sensor is connected Set the Sensor popup in the Hardware settings area of the Probe dialog to the correct Sensor e g Volts J Thermocouple etc The sensors to choose from are listed in the first column of the Sensor Hook up Table at the beginning of this chapter Network Address Network Device Module Channel 1 Sloti3 Slot13 1 1 100 1 1 100 Chi Vine s Waltage auem Current Wiring Resistance d Strain Gage Low Pass RTD i Method J Thermocpl Thermocpl T Thermocpl E Thermocpl R Thermocpl S Thermocpl 3 75 Secs Chi Vint 1 9181 Volts 3 2 instruNet User s Manual Ch 3 Connecting to Sensors To set the Sensor popup one would 1 Open the instruNet World window by launching the Windows 95 instruNet World Win32 exe or Macintosh instruNet World Mac application program e g double click on its icon Select Hardware in the Settings popup menu Select the desired sensor in the Sensor po
201. oup within the START menu press the PRINT button select Complete Detail select File Destination and then press OK The report will be printed to the file specified in the Save dialog which can be faxed or emailed to your supplier who will be able to advise you further 11 If on a Windows 95 NT computer please request the instruNet application note on buggy PCI bios s instruNet User s Manual Appendix I 5 Appendix Troubleshooting instruNet Technical Support Form If all else fails please contact your instruNet supplier To do so please duplicate the following form fill it out and then fax or send it to your instruNet supplier Also do the following Check the installation of your hardware amp software per the directions in Chapter 1 Check all cabling and connections and make sure they are secure Determine if the cause of the problem is repeatable and if possible document the sequence of steps to reproduce the problem If you are telephoning for support please call from a phone next to the computer on which your instruNet System is installed End User Name Company University Address Fax E mail Computer Computer Manufacturer Model Processor Operating System Version number RAM MB HD Capacity MB Hardware instruNet Controller s and Network Devices Software instruNet Driver Version Application Software amp Version if applica
202. ouse button down It will test your network s all night long if you let it Press OK to begin the Big Test Wait 20 seconds or longer If an error occurs while testing an alert will appear and the error message will also be printed in the window Refer to Appendix II instruNet Error Codes for more information on error codes and Appendix I Trouble Shooting for tips on de bugging if necessary If no error alerts appear and you want to stop the test press the mouse button down and hold it down until the an alert appears announcing the end of the test Click OK to exit this alert The test results are printed in the window in a format similar to what is shown below INSTRUNET BIG TEST RESULTS Date amp Time 11 7 1995 15 53 19 We will run an exhaustive test on all instruNet hardware until you mouse down hold it down or we hit an error We ran 2 170272 million tests and did NOT hit 1 error Big Test is identical to Test except it runs for a longer period of time and is useful at finding intermittent problems that only occur once every minute hour or day Big Test can be run overnight for extensive testing of all hardware 5 Youare done Your instruNet hardware and software is installed correctly and running beautifully Please proceed to Chapter 2 Tutorial to learn more instruNet User s Manual 1 9 Ch 1 Installation instruNet BASIC Software License Installation The instruNet s series controllers i e
203. ower Speeds The External Power Input pins 1 and 2 are both tied to the outbound instruNet device ground case and pcb If this is also tied to the 3rd prong of the power supply AC input connector and you want to isolate instruNet from this earth ground then you would need to place a 2 to 3 prong Adaptor at the power supply input connector or rip the 3rd prong out of the plug with a pair of strong pliers If the outbound devices are not seen by instruNet World try temporarily holding a wire between the outer shell of the isolator inbound and outbound DB 25 connectors If the outbound devices are then seen by instruNet World after Reset then this indicates that a very high frequency exists between the two grounds and is causing problems The Model 330 is designed to sustain a signal between the two grounds that is 50V peak to peak with 1000V us slew rate e g slews 1 Volt in Ins and this is adequate is most applications Since the optical isolators introduce delays the Model 330 reduces the speed of the instruNet network from 4M bits sec to 1 33M bits sec on short networks In a worse case scenario this would reduce the maximum sample rate 3 to 1 instruNet User s Manual Ch 7 Channel Reference Channel Reference The following table summarizes the Channels provided by each instruNet hardware Device the Settings offered by each channel and the Fields within each Settings group Hardware Device Channel S
204. p 49 iNetErr_ A maximum value is less Latest version of instruNet Driver might help Try Max_LT_ than a minimum value in pressing Reset button Resetting computer might MinInField the field hierarchy help Hierarchy internal data might be corrupted Table All Error Codes Appendix II 4 instruNet User s Manual Appendix Il instruNet Error Codes 50 iNetErr_ Hierarchical field data is in Latest version of instruNet Driver might help Try Hierarchy trouble internal data pressing Reset button Resetting computer might FieldData might be corrupted help In Trouble eee 5 iNetErr_ The channel name is in Latest version of instruNet Driver might help Try Channel trouble internal data pressing Reset button Resetting computer might NamelInvalid might be corrupted help 52 liNetEm temperature scale C K F Check temperature measurement hardware and tempUnits out of range software outOfRange 53 iNetErr_ sensor type out of range Check sensor hardware and software sensorType outOfRange 54 liNetErm circular digitizing data Try a slower sample rate or ask instruNet to do less CircBufErr buffer error while digitizing 55 liNetErm circular digitizing data Try a slower sample rate or ask instruNet to do less DataBuffer buffer overwrote data while digitizing Overflow before it wa
205. plotting by reducing the size of the instruNet World window plotting Dots instead of Lines i e set the Plots field to Dots in the Options dialog or reducing the plotting density by decrease the Max Pts Pix field in the Options dialog 4 Reduce the amount of digital filtering in the Low Pass High Pass Band Pass and Band Stop settings areas Digital filters consume several microseconds to lus per Filter Order per point digitized instruNet User s Manual Ch 5 instruNet World Application Program Record Buttons The Record Page sports the following buttons Start Start digitizing channels that have been turned On Each channel is viewed in its own display The Digitize Into field in the Setup Dialog determines whether data is saved to RAM or Disk Stop digitizing If the data had been saved to Ram then one can now scroll through the most recent Scan or save the Scan to disk by pressing the Save button If the data had been saved to Disk in Strip Chart mode the user can now scroll through the entire set of Scans via the horizontal scroll bar The Open button loads waveforms to disk that had been previously saved to disk during acquisition or by the Save button after acquisition had completed The standard File Open dialog is used to select the specific wave file Since waves are saved in their own file in one directory it is necessary to only select one file in order to load the entire set Once loaded one can use th
206. ported by instruNet Every instruNet Visual Basic program must include the following files INI ET Interface bas INET Common Code bas INET Declarations bas and INET Macros bas Getting Started To get started with Visual BASIC 2 4 x please do the following steps 1 2 Make sure you have done Ch2 Tutorial in its entirety Install Visual Basic onto your hard disk load an example program compile and then run to verify that your BASIC is set up properly Duplicate the instruNet VBasic Examples directory in the instruNet directory We will run modify the files in the duplicate copy This directory contains the following sub directories VB Examplel example program 1 VB 2Ch Oscilloscope example oscilloscope program with a nice display VB Common Source common source code files VB Direct To Excel digitize directly to Excel Version 28 example Run one of the example programs If you have any errors please use the source code to debug the system all source code is provided Some lines of code open the instruNet World window and pass control to instruNet World until the user closes the instruNet World window to return back to the example program Don t let this freak you out Runan example program to verify that the compiler example files driver and computer are all working well together Read the example program source code and comments to get a feel for instruNet progr
207. program instruNet World Mac on Macintosh and instruNet World Win32 exe ona Microsoft Windows computer in the instruNet directory A window will open similar to what is pictured to the right If necessary you might need to click on the Hn gt ESE K Test lt Script Network tab at the bottom of the window to select the Network page If this window opens then you know your instruNet driver file is installed and working correctly The list of channels shown in the window s table will vary depending on what instruNet hardware is connected If the instruNet window does not appear then check the Software Installation section at the beginning of this chapter to make sure that the software has been installed correctly If it appears that the software is installed correctly but not functioning properly then see Appendix I Trouble Shooting 0 000332 Press the Test tab at the bottom of the window to select the Test page and then press the Search button at the top of the window A report will print that lists the controllers and network devices that are currently installed on your computer For example the report below shows one Controller and one Model 100 Network Device instruNet HARDWARE SEARCH RESULTS 10 2 1997 12 12 41 Net Dev Mod Device Date amp Time HOODOO 0 1 1 1 1 OS Ver 7 5 3 instruNet Driver Version 1 24 instruNet BASIC license
208. pup menu as illustrated in the previous figure 2 Click on the Network tab at the bottom of the window to select the network page 3 Click on the name of your channel in the left most column to open the Probe dialog 4 5 3 Tell the instruNet software how the Sensor is wired Set the Wiring popup in the Hardware settings area of the Probe dialog to the correct Wiring e g Single Ended Differential Bridge Voltage Divider etc Please consult the Sensor Hook up Table at the beginning of this chapter for guidance Recall that the chosen wiring popup must match your actual physical hardware wiring 4 Set the appropriate constants as required Set the fields in the Constants settings area as needed This involves selecting Constants in the Setting popup and then setting specific Constants fields as noted in the previous table For details on specific sensors please consult the Sensor Reference at the end of this chapter For example to measure a resistance instruNet needs to know the value of an external shunt resistor Rshunt in ohms and the value of the excitation voltage Vout in volts as illustrated to the right This would involve setting the Rshunt and Vout Constants fields to correspond to your actual wiring instruNet software would then automatically return an amplitude in ohms units after measuring the voltage at the Vout terminal measuring the voltage between the Vin and Vin terminals and calculating the r
209. r event If the signal applied to the trigger channel does not periodically cross the threshold voltage Auto trigger will digitize anyway every second or so Press Stop when you are done acquiring To learn more about Triggering please refer to the Record page discussion in Chapter 5 Click the Setup button at the top of the Record page to open the Record Setup dialog as shown in Figure 2 1 The Horiz Scale field sets the display horizontal scale in seconds per division If set to Auto instruNet picks a horizontal scale that is appropriate based on the sample rate and number of data points being acquired The Disp Height field sets minimum height of each display in the Record page in pixels If the number of waveforms being digitized is greater than the available space on the screen only a subset are displayed and a vertical scrollbar selects that set The Plot popup is used to set the drawing mode to plot Dots or Lines i e light one pixel for each data point or connect these data points with lines and the Grid popup selects whether or not to overlay a grid on each display instruNet User s Manual Digitize Into Ram or File RAM Based Digitizing File Based Digitizing Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial The Digitize Into popup has 2 primary settings To Ram Buffer which saves digitized data into RAM and To File which digitizes data directly to disk If Digitize Into is set to To File instruNet automatically prompts the us
210. rameter is correct Press the Search button in the OfRange Test page for a list of registered Networks See Chapter 1 Hardware Installation 38 iNetEm setting GroupNum is out of Make sure the specified settingGroupNum setting SettingGro range group number parameter is correct Press the upNumOut Search button in the Test page for a list of registered OfRange Networks and Devices See Chapter 7 amp Chapter 9 39 iNetErr_ deviceType is out of range Check instruNet network cables Make sure a UnitType network terminator is properly installed See OutOfRange Chapter 1 Hardware Installation 40 iNetErr_ Driver did not get a chance Check the interface to Driver Make sure you DriverDid to set the error code installed the correct instruNet Driver file at the NotSetErr therefore Driver or correct location on your computer See Chapter 1 Code interface to Driver is in Software Installation SettingGroup range group type parameter is correct Press the Search TypeOutOf button in the Test page for a list of registered Networks and Devices See Chapter 8 42 iNetErr_ Module number is out of Make sure the specified moduleNum module 41 iNetErr_ settingGroupType is out of Make sure the specified settingGroupType setting ModuleNum range number parameter is correct it is usually 1 Press OutOfRange the Search button in the Test page for a list of registered Networks and Devices
211. rd Page Tell instruNet to start digitizing Click the Start button at the top of the window to tell instruNet to record and display channels that have been enabled for digitizing e g Chl Vin You should see your waveforms move across the screen as they are digitized in real time as illustrated below instruNet User s Manual Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial Click Start to start recording Stop to stop recording pie Merwork Test c script IY 8 Tell instruNet to stop digitizing Click the Stop button to stop the digitizing process Save your waveforms to disk Click the Save button to save your waveforms to disk When the save dialog appears type a name and choose a convenient location to save the data Saving does not specify a file name but rather a folder name in which all acquired waveforms and a preferences file are saved For example if you digitized 2 waves and then clicked Save 3 files would be stored in your one named instruNet prf that contains the Field settings and two files that have the same name as the two channels that contain the wave data 10 Record again Click the Start button to start recording again and then click the Stop button after a few moments 11 Load your saved waves from disk Click the Open button to load in the previously saved waves from disk A File open dialog will appear and it is here that you must select one of your previously saved files e g instruNet prf
212. rder and often have items in stock b Digi Key Corporation USA telephone 1 800 344 4539 fax 1 218 681 3380 Part value X ND are 50 1 4Watt 100ppm C temperature drift 1 initial accuracy Resistors that are not too accurate yet very easy to order and are low cost c RN 55 E value 0 1 resistors are a common series that offers 1 8Watt 0 1 initial accuracy and 25ppm C temperature drift for approximately 1 Also the RNC 60H value 0 196 series is similar yet with 50ppm C temperature drift at 1 4W These are manufactured by folks like IRC Inc and Dale Inc and distributed by companies like Newark Electronics USA telephone 800 463 92775 fax 1 312 907 5217 and Allied Electronics USA telephone 1 800 433 instruNet User s Manual 3 21 Ch 3 Connecting to Sensors 5700 fax 1 817 595 6444 They accept common credit cards and if one series is not in stock ask them to suggest something that is similar 4 Bridge Completion Resistors in Strain Gage Bridge Circuits In a bridge all 4 resistors must be the same value within 10 or so 1 is better 1 is excellent in order for the bridge to operate properly In some bridge circuits all 4 resistors are supplied by the sensor manufacturer whereas in others e g 1 4 or 1 2 bridge circuits the user must supply completion resistors of the same value as the gage to complete the bridge circuit This can be done by installing precision resistors e g 0 1 or by installin
213. reference and catalog of temperature and strain sensors please call USA Tel 1 800 826 6342 Fax 1 203 359 7700 and request a free copy of The Temperature Handbook amp The Pressure Strain and Force Handbook instruNet supports a direct connection returning native engineering units to the following sensors Sensor Units Wiring Constants Figure Voltage Volts single ended none 3 1 Voltage Volts differential none 3 2 Voltage Volts bridge Vinit Vout 3 2b Current Amps shuntresistor Rshunt 3 3 Resistance Ohms voltage divider Rshunt Vout 3 4 Resistance Ohms bridge Ro Rshunt Vout 3 5 Strain Gage Strain voltage divider Ro Shunt Vout Vinit GF 3 6 Strain Gage Strain Q bridge Ro Vout Vinit GF Rlead 3 7 Strain Gage Strain Hbridge bend Ro Vout GF Rlead 3 8 Strain Gage Strain Hbridgeaxial Ro Vout Vinit GF Rlead v Poisson 3 9 Strain Gage Strain F bridge bend Vout Vinit GF 3 10 Strain Gage Strain F bridge axial I Vout Vinit GF v_Poisson 3 11 Strain Gage Strain bridge axial II Vout Vinit GF v_Poisson 3 12 RTD Celsius voltage divider alpha delta Ro Shunt Vout 3 13 RTD Celsius bridge alpha delta Vout Vinit Ro 3 14 J K T E S Celsius differential none 3 15 amp NThermocouple ALA
214. ruNet hardware To set up this button to also balance strain gages at OuStrain press the Setup button in the Record page press the More button select Window in the Settings popup select Bal Gages in the Cal Btn field and then exit the dialogs The Record Page The Record Page is used to view recorded i e digitized waveforms in real time store these waves to disk load them from disk and scroll through them post acquisition The Record page illustrated below is chosen by pressing the Record tab at the base of the instruNet World window Stop recording Save waves to disk Load waves View amp edit atant recording from disk setup options 2 551120 Chi Mint Network Test Script gj select Network Select Test Scroll through Glick here to Channel Channelreal Fage Fage acquired data change nane time value charnels parameters Figure 5 4 The Record Page Setting Up A display is shown for each Channel that has previously been turned On For instruNet User s Manual 5 5 Ch 5 instruNet World Application Program Channels Setting Up Displays example in Figure 5 4 one channel i e Ch1 Vin has been turned On To learn how to turn Channels On and Off please consult the Turning A Channel On discussion earlier in this chapter The height of each display is determined by the number of ON Channels and the height of the window In some cases it is helpful to resize the window
215. s Every instruNet C program must include the following files INET INT C INET_INT H and INET MCS H Every instruNet Visual Basic program must include the following files INET Interface bas INET Common Code bas INET Declarations bas and INET Macros bas Programming The instruNet disk includes example programs in Visual Basic and C Examples The C Example 1 and VB Example 1 do the same thing yet just in different languages In fact they do many of the same things that are done in Ch 2 Tutorial For example in Ch 2 one is asked to turn on a low pass filter by selecting a popup menu Example will do the same thing with the iNet function call With instruNet each task can be done automatically under program control or manually in the instruNet World window This will become more clear as you work with the example programs The instruNet disk includes the following example programs C Files VB Files Example Description INET EX1 C iNetExamplel fp frm This is a lengthy and comprehensive iNetExamplel bas example that shows how to call almost every instruNet function in a text window based environment INET_EX2 C iNetExample2_fp frm This is a simple example that shows how iNetExample2 bas to read and write instruNet fields and how to digitize instruNet Data instruNet defines its own data types that allow you to keep your code platform Types machine and opera
216. s 10 Wire your voltage source per figure 3 7 and refer to the steps at the beginning of this chapter for more information on how to set up your sensor 0 Me Measuring bending strain using a 1 2 Rr bridge configuration involves wiring two strain gages as shown in figure 3 8 applying a voltage across the bridge and measuring the voltage across the two intermediate bridge nodes via a pair of instruNet Vin and Vin input terminals The excitation voltage for the bridge is supplied by either the instruNet Vout terminal or by an external voltage source In figure 3 8 Rgage is a Fig 3 8 Strain Measurement Half strain gage Ro is either a fixed Bridge Circuit resistor of known value or a fixed unstrained strain gage of value Ro and Ry is the lead wire resistance instruNet calculates the value of the strain returning strain engineering units using the equations Vr V V Vint Vin Vinit Vout Strain 2V GF 1 Ro GF Vinit and Vout are fixed values that are specified by the user in the Constants Settings area whereas Vint Vin are measured in realtime by instruNet Ro and Unstrained Rgage must be the same value e g 350ohms in order for the bridge to operate properly To do a bending Strain Gage measurement using a 1 2 Bridge circuit you must 1 Do steps 1 through 7 listed in the previous Strain Gage Measurement Quarter Bridge discussion 2 Set the W
217. s WindowsWSystemMnet22 dll installs Windows SystemMnet95 vxd and installs WindowsNT System32 drivers inet sys Reboot the computer and log in under any account Run the Start Programs instruNet instruNet World application in the instruNet folder to operate and test your instruNet hardware and software If you hit a problem please proceed to Appendix I Insert the instruNet Macintosh disk into your computer If the items on the disk are compressed i e the file has a sea or sit suffix uncompress it by double clicking on it s sea file and telling the computer to place the decompressed folder on your hard disk Copy a driver file from the instruNet folder on your hard disk into the Extension folder within the System folder Several driver files are provided Please refer to the table below for the Driver that is most appropriate for your computer For example on a Power Macintosh 7200 computer one would place a copy of instruNet Driver ppc file into the Extensions folder instruNet User s Manual Ch 1 Installation Power Macintosh Computer Appropriate Driver File 68K Macintosh w Floating Point Co Processor instruNet Driver 68K amp FPU Table 1 4 Macintosh Driver files Verifying That Your System Is Working Properly Verify that your hardware and software is working in 5 easy steps 1 Run the instruNet ri instruNet World E Ei World application
218. s GAGES Constants GF 25155 strain gage factor F GAGES Constants delta Rlead 3 8 bridge lead resistance F GAGES Constants Vout 4 5 excitation output voltage F GAGES Display Disp Max Eu 4000 Display Top in Eng Units F GAGES Display Disp_Min_Eu 4000 Display Bottom in Eng Units 3 SETUP THERMOCOUPLES F TCs General Units Label vertical units label F TCs Hardware Wiring Vin Vin wiring type Cs Hardware Sensor T Thermocpl sensor type F TCs Hardware Integrate 0 016 integration secs for 1 reading F TCs Hardware Range 10mv _ Voltage range in Volts F TCs Display Disp_Max_Eu 100 Display Top in Eng Units F TCs Display Disp_Min_Eu 0 0 Display Bottom in Eng Units rt Thank you All channels are now set up tton The above example makes extensive use of the SetField command abbreviated SetP The syntax for the SetField command is SetField chList settingsGroup fieldName newFieldValue The first parameter of the SetField command refers to a list of channels This could be one channel e g 1 1 1 4 a list of channels e g 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 or a define name that was previously set to either of these The above example uses two channel lists one for strain gages and one for thermocouples The second SetField parameter is the Setting name e g General Constants Hardware which corresponds to the Settings popup choices inside the Network page Probe Dialog The third parameter
219. s recommended that you unplug them one at a time while power is off boot the computer for each case and run the instruNet software 6 It is possible the controller is broken To detect this try a different computer or a different controller 7 With older computers it is sometimes possible that an old ISA card driver is conflicting with a new PCI card A conflict resolution program such as First Aid or reinstalling the OS software might remedy the problem 8 If running under Windows 95 with an instruNet PCI card and instruNet Version lt 1 22 was previously installed on this computer and you are now running 21 22 then it might be necessary to remove some debris from the older software To do this run The System Control Panel select Device Manager select View Devices by connection expand PCI bus if you see PCI Card select it amp press the Remove button and exit System Control Panel Then reboot your computer and when it asks for a PCI driver Navigate via the Browse button to Program Files instruNet Win95 iNet PCI Driver V inet95 inf This inf file is installed on your computer when you run the gt 1 22 instruNet Setupex exe file Then run instruNet World software and look for gt 14 rows in the Network page indicating that it found the pci controller if only 3 are shown it means that it found the Driver software yet not a controller card 9 If the above steps did not remedy the problem add the
220. s area to the resistance of the RTD at 0 C in ohms typically this is also be the bridge completion resistor resistance Set the alpha field in the Constants settings area to the alpha value of your RTD Set the delta Rlead field in the Constants settings area to the delta value of your RTD 7 Setthe Voutfield in the Constants settings area to specify the voltage that is to be applied to the bridge 1V is typical If you are applying an external excitation voltage enter Ro value in the Ro edit field e g 100 instead of 100 ohms to tell the software that the excitation 1s external and then enter the value of the external excitation voltage into the Vout field e g 4 2 In high current cases e g gt 2mA it is often helpful to alternate the polarity of the excitation voltages to evenly burden the 12V supplies 8 Wire your voltage source per figure 3 14 and refer to the steps at the beginning of this chapter for more information on how to set up your sensor To reduce noise 0 001 seconds of integration is often helpful i e set the Integrate field in the Hardware setting area to 0 001 5 10 N m Nu instruNet User s Manual 3 17 Ch 3 Connecting to Sensors Temperature Temperature measurement using a Measurement _ thermocouple involves connecting the two thermocouple leads to a pair of instruNet EE Thermocouple Vin and Vin input terminals If this voltage floats with respect to th
221. s field groups used by the instruNet field hierarchy Each group may be used many times for example the Display group contains 3 fields Display On Off Disp Max EU and Display Min EU and is used with 25 Channels in the Model 100 hardware device Each Settings group contains 1 to 8 fields as described in the following table And each field can be set to a different value as described in this table For Programmers Each Setting Group has an associated settingType value which are passed to the iNet subroutine in the settingGroupNumOrType argument These are listed in the Ist column of the table in subscript form For example the settingType of the Filter Settings group is 11 These are also listed in the ion settingGroupType area of the interface h file Each Field has an associated fieldNum value which are be passed to the iNet subroutine in the fieldNum argument These is listed in the 2nd column of the table in subscript form For example the fieldNum of the PassB Ripple field within the Filter Settings group is 2 These are also listed in the fldnum areas of the interface h file Some Fields have several possible values which are passed to the iNet subroutine in the ptrToArg argument These are listed in the 3rd column of the table in subscript form For example the fieldValue for the Elliptic option of the Filter field within the Filter Settings group is 2 These are also listed in the fldnum areas of the
222. s read 56 iNetEm circular digitizing data Try a slower sample rate or ask instruNet to do less PulledToo buffer error where pulled while digitizing MuchOn too much on last pull LastPull 57 ERequired Atleast one cutoff Check digital filter Frequency Cutoff fields fbx DCIIR frequency passband or stopband is needed for each transition band of bandpass and bandstop digital filters 58 EFreqToo Cutoff frequency must be Check digital filter Frequency Cutoff fields and Large fx less than half the sampling make sure they are lower than half the sample rate DCIIR rate 59 EFreqsNot Cutoff frequency negative Check digital filter Frequency Cutoff fields Ascending or frequencies not in DCIIR ascending order 60 ERequired Missing one or more cutoff Check digital filter Frequency Cutoff fields fx_DCIIR frequencies 61 ERequired_ Missing passband ripple adelx DCIIR and or stopband attenuation Check digital filter Ripple and Attenuation fields 62 EInvalidArg Invalid argument Check digital filter fields DCIIR 63 EOrderToo Necessary or specified filter Reduce the digital filter Attenuation field value or High DCIIR order is too high increase the Ripple field value maximum order is d 64 EEven Filter order must be even Reduce the digital filter Attenuation field value or ndeg DCIIR for bandpass and bandstop incre
223. s the user s name for the channel e g Temp 1 Pressure 2 etc and Sample Rate is the speed as a fraction of the Master Sample Rate that the channel is digitized e g 5096 would mean the channel is digitized at one half the sample rate specified in the master Setup dialog The small display at the bottom of the Probe dialog shows a plot of the current real time value of the Channel Click on the Units Label field and change Volts to Amps Click OK to exit the Probe dialog The clicked on cell should be update to Amps as shown in figure 2 7 instruNet User s Manual 2 11 Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial Channel Addresses Channe Addr La ue Input Uri ts Chi Uint 1 1 1 3 2143 Amps EDEN SEO ecannathehskewahalGsisinihassevrstasravesssehemoastecssaubicwaseeatnatevesievaSuateqhibsasavvacsivcns sence Ch4 Wint 11 1 1 0 00 1557 Ch Mint 121 1 0 007571 iUaltz Dep ME pp aor m rur sete nre Amps Figure 2 7 Edited cell within the Network page Scroll through the Fields of the Network page using the horizontal scroll bar at the base of the window Notice that the first 5 columns remain fixed while the cells to the right of Column 5 shift left and right with the horizontal scrollbar You can scroll through and view all Fields for all Channels in this manner Figure 2 8 shows the Network Page for Chl Vin after scrolling a little to the right Chanre Addr l Range iRshunt Ch
224. sed on the trigger condition while the processing is going on next the program would retrieve the most recent scan from the queue ignoring older scans In the Oscilloscope case the scan returned from the buffer will always be the most recently acquired scan and all other scans in the buffer will be ignored For example if each scan were 10ms long the trigger condition was set to none and the processing took 40ms then the program would retrieve the first scan process it and then retrieve the 4th of the 4 queued scans i e the most recent scan that had accumulated in the buffer while it was processing the first scan The 3 other older scans would be discarded If the example above were done in Oscillo Queued it would work as follows first the program would wait for the user specified trigger condition and then acquire the first scan of data next the program would process the acquired scan i e display analyze save to disk while instruNet continued to acquire scans in the background based on the trigger condition next the program would retrieve the next scan in the queue i e the acquired scan that immediately followed the first acquired and processed scan In Oscillo Queued mode triggered scans continue to accumulate in the queue and are returned in order In Oscillo Queued mode all scans are returned by instruNet for processing but if a lot of processing is required between scans the instruNet buffer can eventually overflow at which
225. ser closes the instruNet World window to return back to the example program Don t let this freak you out Read the example program source code and comments to get a feel for instruNet programming Step through the source code with the debugger to see it run on a line by line basis Read the documentation in the iNet CW Example 68K p Code Data x Sources INET_INT C UEM C 1 82 ANSI 2i C 68K Lib ANSI 2i C 68K Lib SIOUX 68K Lib UN Min TEC PI Ue mede MathLib68K 2i Lib CPlusPlus lib 8 file s 68K CodeWarrior C Project 2S inet CW Example ppc zm File Code Data NT Sources 1 3K 1 INET_INT C 3908 334 INET EX1 C 10028 1135 ANS I 118K 25K ANSI C _PPC Lit 49324 10724 ANSI C PPC Lib 54244 13665 SIOUX PPC Lib 17868 1758 rn ROO InterfaceLib i 0 0i MathLib B 0 0 pem ael MwCRuntime Lib 10788 2452 8 file s 142K 30K PPC CodeWarrior C Project INET MCS H and INET INT H include files 8 Modify the Example source code to meet your own needs instruNet User s Manual Ch 4 A Tutorial for Programmers Getting Started with Microsoft Visual Basic 24 0 for Windows 95 NT Compatibility The instruNet interface for Visual Basic is compatible with VB Version 2 4 x which requires a 2 80386 PC PC Compatible Computer running Windows 95 and 28 MB Ram A BASIC for the Macintosh is not sup
226. sk you are saving the Fields that have changed from their default values When you load the state back in instruNet will first set all Fields to their default values load the file and then update the Fields that were changed therefore these state files are typically small e g several KB In fact you can open these TEXT files with a Word Processor or Spreadsheet program to glean a sense as to how instruNet internally stores Fields settings instruNet keeps all state in Fields therefore it is not necessary to save anything else except waveform data in order to get you back to where you were Saving waveform data is done independently via the Save and Open buttons at the top of the Record Page The Network Page manages Fields whereas the Record Page manages waveforms If your instruNet Network changes e g you physically pull out 1 device and then install 2 more the stored Field settings may no longer apply to your new network instruNet does its best to reconnect and will alert you to any discrepancies yet it is always a good idea check your settings after physically changing your network Typically adding hardware will not cause discrepancies since you are adding Fields that will be kept at their default values when you load in the settings to other fields However if you physically reduce your instruNet network or replace one device with another a settings file may try to set a field that no longer exist and in this cas
227. specified range unnecessarily large If you want to run through the dialog box interview again select Voltage in the Sensor field and then select Thermistor to invoke the interview again If you want to manually set any of the fields in the Constants settings group do the interview and then set them to your liking after selecting Constants in the Settings popup 2 Wire your thermistor per figure 3 16 and refer to the steps at the beginning of this chapter for more information on how to set up your sensor To reduce noise 0 001 seconds of integration is often helpful i e set the Integrate field in the Hardware setting area to 0 001 5 10 Sensor Reference Footnotes l Heating Considerations with Resistors When current is pumped through a resistor it heats up When a resistor heats up its resistance changes and this can cause errors in your measurement The current though a resistor is calculated via Current Amps Volts Across Resistor Resistance in ohms The power dissipated by a resistor is Power Dissipated Watts Volts Volts Resistance Current Current Resistance The amount a resistor heats up is Change in Temperature Celsius Thermal Resistance C Watt Power Dissipated Watts The amount a resistor changes for a change in temperature is Change in Resistance ohms Change in Temperature Celsius Temperature Coefficient ppm C Resistor Value ohms For example a 10
228. st acquisition and also supports the digitizing of data directly into an Excel spreadsheet in realtime via the Direct To Excel VBasic Example program This program is compatibe with Version 8 0 of Excel in Office 97 and requires that Visual Basic 24 0 be installed or that the VB400032 dll be installed MERGED THT F Exporting a file to a spreadsheet post Hmm acquisition is done by first acquiring data into instruNet World software saving it to disk in the form of a text file and then opening that m text file with a spreadsheet as illustrated to the Dated Time 2118197 22 03 00 left To do this one would ChanHame Chi Vinc Ch4 Vint Ch Vinc UserHame Chi Vint Cht Vint Ch Vind 1 Run instruNet World vlInitz Volts Volts Volts 2 Select channels for digitizing in the hUnitz Saez Saas Faas Network Page PrePerZean 10 10 10 3 Press the Record tab 0 0 4 Press Setup button to open the Setup 10 10 dialog Select Digitize Into To Ram O 00EH0 O 00E HIO 0 008400 Buffer select File Type Text Merge select 1 00E 03 1i 00E 03 1 00 05 ele 8 A the desired Sample Rate select the desired 1 Pts Per Scan set the No of Scans to 1 set 1 1 Scan Mode to Oscillo and press to exit 1 4 the dialog A E E 5 Press the Network tab press the Save A E 4 button to save these settings to disk 21940 21940 21940 then press the Record tab to return to the 1904002 2 939809 2 928E 409 2 95
229. t typically 1 492 This constant is specified by the manufacturer of the RTD When doing measurements using quarter bridge and half bridge circuits Rlead specifies the lead resistance of the wires connecting the sensor i e strain gage to the bridge 5 EL OE GF Specifies the gage factor of a strain gage This constant is specified by the manufacturer of the strain gage and relates resistance change to strain v Poissong Specifies Poisson s ratio in axial strain gage measurements Contains fields that specify where and how information is saved to and Directory 19 retrieved from disk For the most part this is only used by programmers For more information please refer to Chapter 4 Programming Path Name Specifies the path name for the directory folder that 1s used when loading or saving files via the Save or Open buttons in the Record page New Name When the Save button is pressed in the Record page to save waveforms to disk a new directory folder is created for the new files If the New Name field is set to Prompt Userj the user is prompted for the new folder s name and location otherwise if New Name is set to Auto Generate the folder is automatically created and named Save Fieldss When the Save button is pressed in the Record page to save waves to disk the user has the option of saving the network Fields with the waveforms Save Fields is set to On if Fields are to
230. t again will turn it off Figure 5 3 shows Channel Chl Vin as being turned On Hetenark Humber Device Humber nn Humber hannels Ch Mint i H 4 M 70 010446 m eltz i E BO oi m fol tage Mint ee 1 0 000204 Molte iq00 5 i Mol tage s Curent value of Channel m Hame Metarork Charmel attributes Address Digitize EnablediDisabled Figure 5 3 Expanded view of the Network Page instruNet User s Manual 5 3 Ch 5 instruNet World Application Program Pull Down Menus Saving Your Configuration Reconnecting With A Changed Network Buttons Restore Store Pull down menus vary depending on your operating system For example the Macintosh version of instruNet World provides the minimum menus of Quit under File and Cut Copy amp Paste under Edit Control keys e g Control C or Command C for Copy To Clipboard are also supported in the Test Page s text window The buttons at the top of the Network Page are used to save Field settings to disk load them from disk Clear them to their default values and to Reset hardware In a typical session the user will modify several Fields e g turn on 2 channels and set their filter and sensor parameters save these settings to disk via the Save button exit instruNet World run instruNet World a week later and reload these settings via the Open button When the state of instruNet World is saved to di
231. tal Outo Clock When doing Period Measurement this specifies if the cycle time or the high time is measured Cycle Time or High Time Meas Resol 5 When doing Period Measurement this specifies the measurement accuracy to one of 25us 1 4152 Meas Cyclesg When doing Period Measurement this specifies the number of cycles or high times that must elapse during the measured duration 0 255 Table 8 1 Channel Setting Group Reference instruNet User s Manual 8 7 Ch 8 Settings Reference Settings Group Field fieldNum Field Description fieldValue settingType Timing 12 Specifies parameters for the DSP based digitizing via the Model 200 220 and 230 instruNet Controllers For more information please refer to Ch2 Digitizing Analog Signals into the Computer amp Ch 5 Timing Options Digitizey Turns digitizing on or off for all channels On or This field is automatically set to On when the Start button is pressed and Off when the Stop button is pressed Pts Per Scan Specifies the number of points digitized for each Scan at the master Sample Rates Scan Mode4 Specifies whether consecutive Scans are continuous with respect to each other Strip Chart Oscilloscopez Queued3 Please refer to Chapter 5 Strip Chart and Oscilloscope Scan Modes for details Sample Rates Specifies the master sample rate in units of samples per second p
232. terface to and installation of instruNet Driver 77 iNetErr_ Dialog Code failed Latest version of instruNet Driver might help Try DlogCode_ pressing Reset button or Resetting computer Check Failed Interface to and installation of instruNet Driver 78 iNetErr_ Driver file needs FPU Latest version of instruNet Driver might help Try DrvrNeeds pressing Reset button or Resetting computer Check Fpu Failed Interface to and installation of instruNet Driver 79 iNetErr_ ur code failed Latest version of instruNet Driver might help Try iirCode pressing Reset button or Resetting computer Check Failed Interface to and installation of instruNet Driver 80 iNetErr_ sprintf failed Latest version of instruNet Driver might help Try sprintf_Failed pressing Reset button or Resetting computer Check Interface to and installation of instruNet Driver 81 iNetErr_ Digitize initialization failed Press Reset Button Try doing things differently DigitizeInit and hope it goes away Latest version of instruNet Driver might help 82 iNetErr_ instruNet network error Press Reset Button Try doing things differently SPEoff and hope it goes away Latest version of instruNet Driver might help Table All Error Codes Appendix II 6 instruNet User s Manual Appendix Il instruNet Error Codes
233. terminal or by an external voltage source In figure 3 14 RRTD is an RTD Fig 3 14 Temperature and is a resistor of known similar Measurement RTD Bridge Circuit value instruNet calculates the value of the temperature returning degrees Celsius engineering units using the equations Ohms Ro Vout 2 0 Vin Vin Vout 2 0 Vin Vin Ro alpha 1 0 delta 100 0 b Ro 1 0 alpha delta 100 0 100 0 Ro Temperature Celsius c 0 5 b sqrt b b 4 0 a Alpha is the temperature coefficient of the RTD at OC typically 00385 for American RTD s and 00392 for European RTD s and delta is the Callendar Van Dusen delta constant typically 1 492 These constants are supplied by the manufacturer of the RTD The instruNet temperature linearizer only supports temperatures above 0 C The RTD bridge circuit is very accurate when the RTD resistance is close to the Ro bridge resistance i e the RTD resistance varies between 5 Ro and 2 Ro If you need more RTD temperature range please use the RTD Voltage Divider circuit To do temperature measurement using an RTD in a bridge circuit you must Set the Sensor field in the Hardware settings area to RTD Set the Wiring field in the Hardware settings area to Bridge Set the Range field in the Hardware settings area to something small such as 100mV Set the Ro field in the Constants setting
234. that one Digitize Into RAM if your RAM is large enough RAM based digitizing is easier since data in RAM can easily be saved in different file formats is easily loaded back into RAM from disk to be saved to disk in another file format and supports faster digitizing rates Due to these advantages we recommend digitizing directly To Ram unless your RAM is not large enough to hold the data To digitize into RAM set the Digitize Into field to To Ram Buffer set the No Of Scans field to 1 and then use the Pts Per Scan field to determine how long you digitize If you digitize multiple scans directly To Ram data is overwritten in the RAM buffer and lost therefore we set the No Of Scans field to 1 After digitizing into RAM one can press the Save button in the Record page to save the data in the RAM buffer to disk in the format specified by the File Type field To transfer data to another software package one typically sets File Type to Text Merge This causes a file named Merged txt to be saved to disk that is easily opened by a spreadsheet with each channel in its own column To save RAM based data in a compact fast format we recommend File Type Binary Merge To calculate the amount of RAM used to hold your data mulitply the number of points by the number of channels by Abytes per point For example 3 channels of 10K points each would consume 120KBytes of RAM 120KB 4 3 10000 It is recommended that one Digitize Into File for bi
235. the File Save dialog Copy Test MyNewFile copy contents of Test page into the file Close MyNewFile close the file EndButton The Create command creates a new file on disk The first parameter is the file s name and subsequent code must reference this file by this internal filename The 2nd parameter is a keyword that specifies the directory in which the file is saved Keyword showDialog instructs the interpreter to show the File Save dialog and let the user decide where to place the file Other directory keywords are appDir which refers the same directory as the application file osDir which refers to the Operating System directory where the instruNet driver is kept and masterDir which is a global pathname that can be moved to any folder via the SetMasterDir command In the above example the Copy command is used to copy the contents of the Test page to the new open file The syntax of the Copy command is Copy sourceText pageFileOrStr destination This command copies the source text e g page file variable string define numerical constant or text in quotes into the specified destination page open file or string In the above example the Close command closes the open file when finished In general files must first be established with the Create or Open command Create creates a new file whereas Open opens an existing file Once a file is open it is read to or written from via the Print Table Digitize Cl
236. thin the Test Page The user can then type notes into this window and save it to disk as a TEXT file instruNet User s Manual Ch 5 instruNet World Application Program Three Pages instruNet World is an application program that can manage monitor and operate an instruNet hardware network This network can be used to digitize long continuous waveforms spool them to disk view incoming waveforms in real time and then allow post acquisition viewing instruNet World is included free of charge with all instruNet Controller boards and does not require programming experience it is as easy to use a simple word processor relax This chapter describes the three instruNet pages as illustrated in Figure 5 1 Each page is selected by pressing a Tab at the bottom of the window The Network Page save network tings save network Clear network settings to preferences file settings to a disk file and reset hardware Restore network settings Load network settings Clear network from preferences file from a disk file settings Restore Store open Save Clear Reset Channel Addr l Wo ue Input Units im sRateiSensor Chi Vint 010446 iuolts Vol tage E EPE PEDERLEPSEETI peste plea HOSCE PE rr nas Eon Sei Cha Vine i1 1 1 000415 iMolts Che Mint i1 1 1 D sa27 iUanlts i Uol tage rE TEE EPEE I NF AN EEE E ETE A E RUE NEAR RAE a EE E E
237. ting system independent instruNet data types are defined in the file INET_INT H example of an instruNet data type definition is typedef unsigned short iNetUINT16 16bit unsigned integer instruNet User s Manual 4 5 Ch 4 A Tutorial for Programmers instruNet Macros Example Code Always use instruNet data types when calling the instruNet driver and macros In this manual the following are used to refer to variable types po mio mio mio mmo NetINTS8 signed 8bit integer 128 to 127 NetUINTS8 unsigned 8bit integer 0 to 255 NetINT16 signed 16bit integer 32768 to 32767 NetUINT16 unsigned 16bit integer 0 to 65536 NetINT32 signed 32bit integer 2 147 483 648 to 2 147 483 647 iNetUINT32 unsigned 32bit integer 0 to 4 294 967 295 iNetFLT32 32bit floating point number instruNet defines a number of macros for the more common driver calls The macros are defined in file INET_mMcs H The macros are platform machine and operating system independent An example of a macro call is OP EN instruNet WINDOW instruNetCM OpenWindow Network which when called will open the Network Page of instruNet The Network Page could also have been opened by directly calling the instruNet C function iNet iNetUINT8 netNum DRIVER iNetUINTS8 deviceNum CONTROLLER iNetUINT8 moduleNum 1stModule iNetUINT8 driver ChanNum OpenWindow sgt General fldNum General valueEu intention set
238. tree via the Probe dialog described in the next discussion instruNet World does not require the user to know about Setting numbers and Field numbers since all items are defined using popups and edit fields The programmer on the other hand must supply 6 numbers to a subroutine to read and write to any field on the instruNet data tree The Network page shows the current Field settings for each channel in a tabular i e spreadsheet format and is also a useful tool for navigating around the instruNet data tree The data tree maintains any changes you make until you Reset the network via the Reset button reset the computer or load in new setting from disk via the Restore or Open buttons at the top of the Network page In many cases a user will set the fields as needed stored them to disk and then reload them when instruNet world is first opened instruNet User s Manual 2 9 Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial Explore Your World Chi Mint Ch4 Wint Channels Ch Mint Run instruNet World if it is not already open Select the Network page by pressing the Network tab at the bottom of the window Press the Reset button at the top of the window to reset all Fields in the Data Tree Press OK when a dialog asks for confirmation Figure 2 5 illustrates how information is organized in the Network page The channels that are displayed on your computer will vary depending on what hardware is installed therefore don t worry if your screen is
239. tware per instructions in Chapter 1 If your instruNet World hardware and software is not installed please install it now as described in Chapter 1 Run the instruNet World application program Locate the instruNet world application program within the instruNet folder on your hard disk and then Win 95 NT Double click on instruNet World Win32 exe or run Start Programs instruNet instruNet World Macintosh Double click on the instruNet World Mac icon Select the Network Page instruNet World offers several Pages Record Network and Test Click on the Network tab at the bottom of the window to select the Network page The Network tab will inverse black to indicate the Network page is selected 4 Uin EZ Im Network Click here to select the Network Page instruNet User s Manual Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial Enable a Channel for digitizing A channel is enabled for digitizing by clicking on the small cell between the addr and Value Input columns within the Network page as illustrated below Once enabled the channel will be digitized when the user presses the Start button on the Record page To disable a channel one must click the digitize on off cell again This digitize on off cell is black or red when On and white when Off Any number of channels can be selected for digitizing Please enable two voltage input channels e g Ch1 Vin and Ch4 Vin on the Model 100 for digitizing as illustrated b
240. uffer 1 PtsPerScan Table 8 1 Channel Setting Group Reference instruNet User s Manual 8 9 Ch 8 Settings Reference 8 10 instruNet User Manual Overview Software License BASIC Page Buttons Ch 9 instruNet BASIC 9 instruNet BASIC instruNet BASIC enables users to automate the setting up of channels digitizing viewing results and saving to disk It is predicated on the BASIC programming language and features many additional commands that facilitate working with instruNet hardware instruNet BASIC builds on the instruNet World strip chart recorder by automating common tasks done at experiment time This is especially helpful at reducing the chance of error and making the data taking process more pleasant A person who is not too familiar with the computer doing many manual steps at a fast pace under pressure can lead to a problem instruNet BASIC addresses that issue by consolidating a series of steps into one button press in the instruNet World window This manual assumes the user is familiar with the BASIC programming language instruNet BASIC is built into Ver 1 25 or later of instruNet World software and runs in demonstration mode unless a Software License has been registered This license is included with iNet 200s 1Net 220s 1Net 230s and iNet 350 products and is installed as described in Chapter 1 instruNet BASIC Software License Installation Demonstration mode is very similar to Licensed mo
241. uired Required Required 200 s PCI IBM PC Windows gt 4MB gt 6MB free PCI Slot 26 8 Rev Controller Compatible 95 NT 22 0 compliant 32 bit E 2 NOI 200 s PCI 68K w math System gt 4MB gt 6MB free PCI Slot 26 8 Controller coprocessor 27 0 or Power Macintosh 230 s PC Card IBMPCor Windows gt 4MB _ gt 6MB free Type II PC Card Slot Controller Compatible 95 with 2 v2 1 PCMCIA 2 80486 compliant card services 220 s Nubus 68K or System 2 5MB gt 6MB free Nubus Slot 26 8 Controller Power 27 0 Macintosh Table 1 3 Computer Requirements for instruNet Controllers Constructing Your Network instruNet hardware is 100 plug and play for all computers instruNet does not use dip switches DMA low memory interrupts and I O addresses All you need to do is plug the Controller board into your computer connect your network devices slap a terminator onto the end of your network and run the instruNet World software The instruNet driver automatically determines the physical locations of all installed Controllers and Network Devices Please keep in mind the following when designing and constructing your network 1 Install as many controllers as desired The number of available slots determines the number of controllers i e networks that can be installed and simultaneously run on one computer The so
242. unning under Windows 95 NT make sure iNet32 DLL Version 2 1 23 is installed in the System directory within the Windows directory i e Win95NSystemNNet32 dll or WinNTNSystem32NNet32 dll If on a PPC Macintosh make sure instruNet Driver ppc Version 2 1 23 is installed in the System s Extensions folder If on a 68K Macintosh make sure instruNet Driver 08K amp FPU Version 1 23 1s installed in the System s Extensions folder If running under Windows NT make sure you log on as the Administrator before running Setupex exe and then restart your computer after running the Setupex exe Also make sure that file inet sys is installed at WinNT system32 driver inet sys The latest software is available for download free of charge at www instrunet com instruNet User s Manual Appendix I 3 Appendix Troubleshooting Beware that if the driver files are also in the same directory as the application e g in the same directory as instruNet World the application may use those driver files instead of the one s in your operating system directory therefore make sure that both are current or delete the driver files in the same directory as the application 4 If on a Windows computer If you are running a video accelerator try turning it off and see if this helps 5 If your computer has several ISA or PCI cards that are not necessary for computer operation e g sound card fax modem card scsi card etc then it i
243. up to select the 2nd channel in you instruNet Controller Set the User Name field to Clock Meas Select Timer in the Settings popup e Set the Function popup to Period Meas set the Resolution popup to 25us set the Measure popup to Cycle Time and set the Meas Cycles field to 1 as shown in figure 2 25 Press OK to return to the Network page Notice how the names of your first two Controller channels have changed to Clock Out and Clock Meas and how Clock Meas s Value field is displaying 005 seconds of measured period This is the period of the clock signal being output by Ch1 Timer and being measured by Ch2 Timer If you remove the wire connecting the Output of Chl Timer and the input of Ch2 Timer the Value field will change instruNet User s Manual 2 29 Ch 2 instruNet Tutorial Settings Timer Jessea Function Meas Resol 25us CikPeriod MOE Meas Cycles 1 CikOutHi 0 0005 Measure Cycle time Figure 2 25 Timer Settings for Period Measurement Working With The Controller Time Since Reset Channel The instruNet Controllers offer a channel that provides the time accurate to 25us since the Controller was last reset A reset occurs when instruNet is first used after power up the computer resets and when the Reset button is pressed in the Network page This clock channel is called Ch12 Time and returns a number in units of seconds that is derived from a 62bit counter that
244. urce and End User Source Copy i e duplicate the following files and place them into the instruNet C Source folder INET INT C INET MCS H INET INT H INET EX1 C or INET EX2 C Select New Project from the File menu In the Project Stationary popup select ANSI 68k C C pnif compiling for 68K and ANSI C c p if compiling for ppc Specify a project name e g instruNet CodeWarrior C Example and then place the project into the instruNet example folder created in step 3 After creating the project choose Preferences under Edit select 68K PPC Project and set the Preferred and Minimum Heap i e application file size to 1500K B Also select Enable Debugger in the Project menu to turn on source level debugging unless you want to use less ram at run time and do not want to step though the source code and read the documentation Add the files INET_INT c and INET EXN C to the project Select Run from the Project menu The main in file INET EX1 C will first run instruNet World You can view and change fields and record data following the direction in Chapter 2 Tutorial When you quit instruNet World the program will put you in the console window where you can read and write individual fields To exit the console window select Quit from the file menu Some lines of code open the instruNet World window and pass control to instruNet World until the u
245. ured in realtime by instruNet To do bending Strain Gage measurement using a Full Bridge circuit you must 1 Do steps 1 through 7 listed in the previous Strain Gage Measurement Quarter Bridge discussion 2 Set the Wiring field in the Hardware settings area to F Bridge Bend 3 Wire your voltage source per figure 3 10 and refer to the steps at the beginning of this chapter for more information on how to set up your sensor 0 Measuring axial strain using a full bridge configuration involves wiring four strain gages as shown in either figure 3 11 or figure 3 12 applying a voltage across the bridge and measuring the voltage across the two intermediate bridge nodes via a pair of instruNet Vin and Vin input terminals The excitation voltage for the bridge is supplied by either the instruNet Vout terminal or by an external voltage source instruNet calculates the value of the strain returning strain engineering units using the equations Fig 3 11 Strain Measurement Full Bridge Circuit Axial I Vr V V Vint Vin Vinit Vout Strain 2V GF v 1 v GF Vinit and Vout are fixed values that are specified by the user in the Constants Settings area whereas Vin Vin are measured in realtime by instruNet To do Axial Strain Gage measurement using a Full Bridge circuit you must 1 Do steps 1 through 7 listed in the previous Strain Gage Measurement Quarter Bridge discussion Set the Wir
246. ut square wave clock signal is driven out of the ChX Dout connector pin where the cycle time is specified by the CIk Period field in units of seconds and the high time is specified by the Clk Out Hi field in units of seconds Period The duration of the signal applied to the ChX Din connector pin Measurement 15 measured and returned in the Value I O field of the General settings area in Seconds units If the Measure field is set to Cycle time the time is measured between consecutive falling edges otherwise the time is measured between a rising edge and the next falling edge The Meas Cycles field varies from 1 to 255 and sets the number of cycles or high times that must occur over the measured duration For example measuring 10 cycles of a IKHz square wave would return 10ms whereas measuring 5 high times of a 20KHz square wave would return 125us If the Meas Resol popup is set to 25us the measurement is accurate to 25us and the falling edge to falling edge time or rising edge to falling edge must range from 3us to 16ms Otherwise if the Meas Resol popup is set to 4ms the measurement is accurate to 4ms and the falling edge to falling edge time or rising edge to falling edge must range from 12ms to 576 secs Table 2 2 shows which Fields are used for each of the different functions instruNet ignores settings not needed for a particular function For example if Digital Input or Digital Output is selected in the Fu
247. voltage output They assume a Model 100 is attached to the 1st network controller card 4 Print the values for the first 5 channels on instruNet The C code below calls the function Pxint iNet Channels which reads one value from each of the first five input channels of an instruNet Network and prints them to the console window The function call is defined in file INET_EX1 C e Print iNet Channels 5 if e goto Exit 6 Print the first 3 Fields The C code below calls the function Print Fields which scans the network and prints the values of the first 5 fields that it finds The function call is defined in file INET_EX1 C e Print iNet Fields 3 if e goto Exit 7 Read and write instruNet Fields The C code below calls the function ReadWriteFields_iNet prompts the user for a field address displays the current value of the field and allows the user to change the field value The function call is defined in the program INET EX1 C e ReadWriteFields iNet if e goto Exit 8 Digitize some analog input channels The C code below calls the function SimultaneouslyDigitizeAndAnalyze which digitizes several channels When writing code that acquires data seamlessly it is important to continuously call Service All iNet Digitize Buffers while the data acquisition is running This function call is defined in the file Example 1 file
248. voltage across it does not exceed the instruNet maximum input voltage e g 5 with the Model 100 Due to these limitations instruNet might not let you set some of the fields too high or too low To do a Current measurement you must Set the Sensor field in the Hardware settings area to Current Set the Wiring field in the Hardware settings area to Shunt Resistor Set the Rshunt field in the Constants settings area to the value of your external user supplied Rshunt resistor in ohms units 1 3 Set the Voltage Range field in the Hardware settings area to something similar to the maximum expected current Rshunt Wire your current source per figure 3 3 and refer to the steps at the beginning of this chapter for more information on how to set up your sensor If your measured signal is noisy refer to footnote 5 at the end of this chapter for details on how to low pass filter the measured signal also if your current source is fully isolated from GND connecting a 1K ohm or wire between the Vin and GND terminals might reduce common mode noise Un A U N instruNet User s Manual Ch 3 Connecting to Sensors Resistance Resistance measurement using a voltage Measurement divider involves connecting a resistor of Voltage unknown value in series with an external user supplied shunt resistor of known value applying a voltage across the divider circuit and measuring the voltage across Runknown as illustrat
249. ys the text in quotes in an alert box Alerts are helpful at guiding the user during an experiment The above Print command prints several lines of text to the Test page The first Print parameter refers to a page e g Test BASIC new user pagel followed by quoted text which is printed as is Keywords like time and date are substituted with the current time or date The r and t within the quoted text are replaced with a carriage return and tab respectively The previous Calibrate Hardware command tells instruNet to calibrate all hardware and to correct for any minute temperature related drifts in the measurement circuitry which is a nice thing to do before acquiring data The Define statement specifies a list of channels and assigns the name MyCHANt to that list Each channel is referred to by its network device module channel address For example 1 1 1 4 refers to Ch4 in Module 1 of Device 1 attached to Network 1 The list of channels can be quite long and are referred to with a Define name which is a unique word that ends in a character The Define statement can be used to consolidate a long string into one word and when that word later appears in the code the interpreter substitutes the Define text for that word The syntax of the Define command is Define name substitutionText The previous Table command line prints a field s value for a list of channels The first Table command in the above example
250. zing cannot begin until the trigger condition is met and Auto waits for the trigger condition yet digitizes anyway if the condition is not met within several seconds Slope3 Specifies the direction the waveform must cross the threshold in order to trigger Rising or Falling User Ram 16 Defines a buffer in RAM memory that is maintained by the programming end user This buffer is used to hold digitized data For more information please refer to Chapter 4 Programming Digitize If Digitize is set to the channel is enabled for digitizing and the digitized data is sent to the User Ram buffer at runtime On User Addr This is the address in RAM memory of the User Ram Buffer 0 if not used off The Buffer size must be enough to hold 1 Scan of data points where each point is stored in a 32bit floating point number 4bytes point This is the size of the User Ram Buffer in Bytes This must be greater than or equal to 4 PtsPerScan Scan Num Ing Scan Number of last data point pushed into User Ram Buffer 1 numScans Pt Num Ins Point Number of last data point pushed into User Ram Buffer 1 PtsPerScan Scan Numg Scan Number of last data point pulled out of User Ram Buffer by Access Digitized Data In Ram Buffer 1 numScans Pt Num Out Point Number of last data point pulled out of User Ram Buffer by Access Digitized Data In Ram B

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