as a proposed amendment of the Civil Aviation
Contents
1. a For spherical RPA the marks must be proportional to the surface area in two places diametrically opposite one another b For non spherical RPA the marks must be proportional to the surface on each side Allocation and specification of marks The South African nationality marks are the capital letters ZS ZT and ZU The nationality and registration marks must consist of capital letters in Roman characters without ornamentation Page 37 of 50 3 The width of each letter except letter l and the length of the hyphen must be two thirds of the height of the letter where possible 4 Each letter must be separated from the letter which immediately precedes or follows it by a space equal to one third the height of the individual letters the hyphen being regarded as a letter for this purpose 5 The lines forming the letters and hyphen must be solid and the thickness of those lines must be one sixth of the height of the letter 101 03 3 THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE EXAMINATION 1 General 1 The subjects and items relevant to the different categories of licence aeroplane helicopter and multirotor are specified below 2 Rewrite after failure a A candidate may not apply to rewrite an examination until he or she has received the official result notification b A candidate who has failed an examination conducted by the Authority for the issue of a flight crew licence or rating may not rewrite the examination2. RPAS Information RPAS type RPA structure RPA composition flight envelope capability RPA dimensions measurements and mass together with drawings mass and balance information ee ee ee DOR wiv ds Section 2 Performance Characteristics 2 1 maximum altitude 2 2 maximum endurance 2 3 maximum range 2 4 Airspeed take off cruise landing stall maximum 2 5 maximum rate of climb 2 6 maximum rate of descent 2 7 maximum bank angle 2 8 turn rate limits Section 3 Performance Capabilities and Limitations 3 1 RPA performance limitations due to environmental and meteorological conditions wind ice humidity temperature precipitation hail 3 2 required take off and landing distances and or areas 3 3 power type 3 4 propulsion system such as engine motor fuel electrical hydraulic pneumatic gas solar 3 5 flight control surfaces and actuators 3 6 payloads specific or generic 3 7 location of all air data sensors antennas radios and navigation equipment with respect to segregation and redundancy 3 8 autopilot type manufacturer description of working method 3 9 navigation systems description of the components together with horizontal vertical position and velocity accuracy 3 10 use of frequencies 3 11 sensors and or telemetry Page 35 of 50 3 12 flight recovery system 3 13 remote pilot station 3 14 ground support equipment 3 15 surveillance equipment Section 4 Emergencies amp Syste
3. Director in the appropriate form and accompanied by the appropriate fee as prescribed in Part 187 3 The Director shall issue an RMT authorisation if the applicant complies with the requirements prescribed in sub regulation 1 4 The holder of an RMT authorization shall not exercise privileges other than the specific privileges for which the authorization is issued 5 An RMT authorisation shall be valid for a period of 24 months RMT logbook Page 30 of 50 101 06 4 1 Any person responsible for maintenance of RPAS shall maintain a personal logbook and shall record therein all work carried out on an RPAS and its components 2 The form of and information to be contained in a logbook referred to in sub regulation 1 and the manner in which such logbook shall be maintained are as prescribed in Document SA CATS 101 3 No alterations of a logbook shall be made once it is signed off by a designated person SCHEDULE 2 PROPOSAL FOR THE INSERTION OF SA CATS 101 ISSUED UNDER THE CIVIL AVIATION REGULATIONS PROPOSER SACAA Private Bag X73 Halfway house 1685 PROPOSER S INTERESTS This proposer has been established in terms of the Civil Aviation Act 2009 Act No 13 of 2009 to control and regulate civil aviation in South Africa and to oversee the functioning and development of the civil aviation industry and in particular to control regulate and promote civil aviation safety and security MOTIVATION
4. s performance details including at least the type of RPA speed rate of climb and descent and abort or emergency landing procedure e Communicate and have approved or accept instructions pertaining to all movements of such RPA from the ATSU via air band communications f Include a detailed response and reaction procedure agreed by both the ROC holder and the relevant ATSU in respect to the handling of any emergency which as a minimum shall include i Aborting the RPA s activity detailing the time to and expected landing place and capability ii Loss of control which shall include both a technical failure of the RPA and a link failure between the RPS and the RPA and iii Procedures relating to a loss of communication between the ATSU CAMU and the RPA Operator 101 05 8 C2 OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS 1 A prospective operator of an RPAS shall develop the C2 performance requirements safety case for approval of the Director 2 The following C2 functions shall be considered for the safety case a Downlink i Link health telemetry for BVLOS operations ii System health b Telemetry i RPA flight dynamics ii Situation awareness for BVLOS operations iii Data records c Uplink i Flight Control ii RPA System control iii Automatic Identification System update for BVLOS operations iv RPAS hand over Page 47 of 50 v Link health telemetry for BVLOS operations
5. 3 The RPAS operator shall present the target values of the C2 Performance requirements that were obtained from the safety case of the C2 functions to the Director a Continuity b Integrity c Availability d Latency of the C2 data link 101 05 11 BEYOND VISUAL LINE OF SIGHT 1 Outside controlled airspace An RPAS intended for B VLOS operations shall as a minimum meet the following operational and technical requirements a The operator shall demonstrate compliance with the following technical requirements i iv v that the RPA will only be operated using command inputs has met the requirements prescribed in Technical Standard 101 02 2 that the RPA has the ability to remain clear from obstacles and any other hazards and can take appropriate action to execute collision avoidance from such obstacles or other aircraft where necessary This ability shall be applicable for normal and lost degraded C2 links unless aa The area is void of other air traffic or bb The operation occurs in specifically delimited or segregated airspace or cc Any other mitigation is in place to avoid other aircraft obstacles or any hazards the C2 datalink frequency to be used for data link is deemed appropriate by the Director and The C2 performance requirements as specified in Technical Standard 101 05 8 are acceptable to the Director b The operator shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Director the f
6. This proposal is for the addition of a new Part to the SA CATS the proposal is necessitated by the fact that there were no regulatory requirements for the operation of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems Page 31 of 50 101 01 5 101 01 7 101 02 2 101 02 4 101 03 3 101 03 4 101 04 5 101 05 3 Page 32 of 50 LIST OF TECHNICAL STANDARDS REMOTELY PILOTED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS GROUPING AND CLASSIFICATION RPA SALE AND RE SALE LABELLING RPAS SYSTEM SAFETY REGISTRATION AND MARKING 2 3 4 5 6 T POT AN Allocation of marks Identification plate Display of marks Location of marks Specification of marks Measurement of marks HEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE EXAMINATION General Items applicable to the remote pilot general examination Items applicable to all remote pilot licences Items applicable to the Remote Pilot licences Aeroplane Items applicable to the helicopter remote pilot licences RPL H Items applicable to the Remote Pilot licence Multirotor RPL MR FLIGHT TRAINING General Items applicable to all Remote Pilot licences Items applicable to the Remote Pilot licence Aeroplane RPL A Items applicable to the Remote Pilot licence Helicopter RPL H Items applicable to the Remote Pilot licence RPL MR OPERATIONS MANUAL CONTROLLED AIRSPACE 101 01 5 Class Class 1A Class 1B Class 1C Class 2A Class 2B Class 3A Class 3B Class 4A Class 4B Class 5 GROUPINGS AND C
7. by such ROC holder and ensure that they are made aware and where necessary trained in accordance with any relevant aspect relating to such amendment Page 17 of 50 6 The structure and contents of the operations manual shall be as prescribed in Document SA CATS 101 Documentation and records 101 04 6 1 An RPAS operator shall establish a system of record keeping that allows adequate storage and reliable traceability of all activities developed covering in particular a lines of responsibility and accountability b safety policy c identification of aviation safety hazards encountered by the activities of the operator assessment and mitigation of the associated risks including taking actions and verifying their effectiveness d personnel training and competence e quality safety and security management records 2 The format of the records shall be specified in the ROC holder s operations manual 3 Records shall be stored for at least 5 years in a manner that ensures protection from damage alteration and theft Security 101 04 7 1 The holder of an ROC issued under this Part shall a conduct background checks on all personnel recruited for deployment handling transportation and storage of any RPAS b conduct criminal record checks every 24 months on all personnel employed in the deployment handling and storage of RPAS Page 18 of 50 c ensure that RPAS not in use are stored in a secu
8. feet and b have strobe lighting installed on the RPA c for fixed wing operations have navigation lights or in the instance of a helicopter or multi rotor RPA have a beacon light installed 101 05 17 PRE FLIGHT PREPARATION 1 Every remote pilot shall verify the relevant notifications for his her area of operation before take off and coordinate if necessary 2 Every remote pilot shall verify the NOTAM publication for his her area of operation before take off and adapt the mission planning if necessary 3 The remote pilot shall take into account the meteorological information relevant for his her area of operations 4 When planning a flight the weather shall be assessed based on suitable documentation such as forecasts current weather or other suitable information to determine whether the planned flight can be carried out in accordance with the system s technical and operational limitations 5 The weather in which flights are to take place shall be such that the system can be operated in a safe way in all phases of flight 6 Before a flight is carried out the flight shall be planned and prepared using up to date aeronautical charts to determine in which type of airspace the flight will be carried out 7 Before a flight is carried out the flight shall be planned and prepared using information and documentation such as AIP AIP Supplements and Notams so that the flight can be carried out safely within the co
9. have completed the flight training referred to in this Subpart f have passed the theoretical knowledge examination referred to in this Subpart and g have passed the skill test referred to in this Subpart 2 An application for an RPL must be made to the Director on the appropriate form within 30 days of completing the practical skill test Theoretical knowledge examination 101 03 3 1 The theoretical knowledge examination applicable to the category of licence sought must be passed within 90 days preceding the skill test 2 The theoretical knowledge examination shall be conducted at an SACAA accredited test centre except as provided for in sub regulation 5 3 The syllabi as well as other requirements for the examination shall be as prescribed in Document SA CATS 101 4 Approval shall be obtained from the Director before any foreign theoretical training or theoretical knowledge examination is undertaken if such training or knowledge is to be accredited towards a South African RPL Flight training 101 03 4 1 The flight training syllabi for the different categories of licence shall be as prescribed in Document SA CATS 101 2 The organisation conducting the training shall issue a certificate stating that flight training has been successfully completed Page 13 of 50 3 All flight training shall be conducted with an aircraft of the same category for which the licence is sought 4 Approval sh
10. i in the case of a first or second failure within a period of 7 calendar days ii in the case of a third or subsequent failure within a period of 2 calendar months iii where a mark of less than 50 was achieved within a period of 2 calendar months c If a mark of less than 50 is achieved in conjunction with a third or subsequent failure the respective periods of 2 calendar months shall run concurrently 3 Re mark after failure a A candidate who fails an examination with a mark of 65 or above may within 30 days from the date of notification of the examination results apply in writing for a re mark b The application shall be accompanied by the appropriate fee prescribed in Part 187 c If the re mark results in a pass of the examination concerned the re marking fee will be refunded d A candidate may not rewrite any examination in respect of which a re mark has been requested and for which he or she has not been notified of the official result Failure to comply with this condition will result in the premature re write being invalidated and the applicable examination fee forfeited Page 38 of 50 Remote pilot general examination a This examination must be passed before the first licence examination may be written b The examination is not required for any subsequent licence examinations Licence examinations a Remote Pilot Licence Aeroplane b Remote Pilot Licence Helicopter c Remo
11. sight RMT means RPAS maintenance technician ROC means RPAS operators certificate RPA means remotely piloted aircraft RPAS means remotely piloted aircraft system RPL means a remote pilot licence RPS means remote pilot station R VLOS means restricted visual line of sight VLOS means visual line of sight Applicability 101 01 3 1 This Part applies to Page 8 of 50 a class 1 and 2 of remotely piloted aircraft unless otherwise approved by the Director and b persons acting as owners operators observers pilots and in the performance of maintenance of remotely piloted aircraft 2 For the purposes of this Part RPAS may be operated for the following purposes a commercial operations b corporate operations c non profit operations and d private operations 3 This Part does not apply to a autonomous unmanned aircraft unmanned free balloons and their operations or other types of aircraft which cannot be managed on a real time basis during flight b an aircraft operated in terms of Part 94 and toy aircraft Private operations 101 01 4 1 Subject to sub regulation 2 the provisions of Subparts 2 3 4 and 6 of this Part do not apply to private operation of RPAS 2 Private operations of RPAS shall be conducted only in R VLOS with a Class 1A or 1B RPA Grouping and classification 101 01 5 RPAS shall be grouped in accordance with the classifications as pre
12. with the provisions of regulations and the privileges granted by the certificate Register of operating certificates 101 04 9 The Director shall maintain a register of all certificates issued in terms of this subpart Page 19 of 50 Transferability 101 04 10 An ROC issued in terms of this Part shall not be transferable Insurance 101 04 11 An ROC holder shall at all times be adequately insured for third party liability SUBPART 5 RPA OPERATIONS Weather conditions 101 05 1 No person shall operate an RPAS in weather conditions that do not allow unobstructed visual contact to be maintained with the RPA by other airspace users and by the operator unless in B VLOS or night operations approved by the Director in their operations manual Landing on roads 101 05 2 No person shall use a public road as a place of landing or take off of an RPA except when involved in civil defense or law enforcement operations and provided that at all times reasonable care is taken to ensure the safety of persons and property on the ground Controlled airspace 101 05 3 1 No RPAS may be operated in controlled airspace except by the holder of an ROC and as approved by the Director in the operators Operations Manual 2 The Director may approve an RPA operation in controlled airspace as contemplated in sub regulation 1 only in a VMC in an ATZ and CTR below 400ft and Page 20 of 50 b subject to compliance with the conditi
13. 1 05 8 An RPAS shall comply with C2 operational requirements as prescribed in Document SA CATS 101 Precautions and safety considerations 101 05 9 1 No person shall operate an RPAS unless O the RPA is in a fit to fly condition the pilot is the holder of a licence issued in terms of this Part xor the remotely piloted aircraft station is compatible and interoperable with the aircraft it is connected to in all phases of flight and d the RPA is being controlled by only one RPS at any given moment in time 2 No person shall operate an RPA in a negligent or reckless manner so as to endanger the safety of any person property or other aircraft in the air or on the ground 3 The operator shall in the best interest of safety ensure that certain RPA operations are supplemented with additional personnel for non flying duties such that the RPA pilot can maintain control and situational awareness in respect to positioning and collision avoidance General restrictions Page 22 of 50 101 05 10 1 No person shall operate an RPA unless they have in their possession a a valid RPA Pilot Licence a copy of the ROC and associated OpSpec the certificate of registration for each RPA in operation acopy of the RLA and user manual for the RPA and the remote pilot station 2 No RPA shall a tow another aircraft b perform aerial or aerobatic displays c be flown in formati
14. 101 05 20 101 05 21 101 05 22 101 05 23 101 05 24 101 05 25 Page 4 of 50 Landing on roads Controlled airspace Releasing object or substance Dangerous goods Accidents and incidents Consumption of alcohol and drugs C2 operational requirements Precautions and safety considerations General restrictions Beyond visual line of sight Night operations Operations in the vicinity of people Operations in the vicinity of property structures and buildings Operations in the vicinity of public roads Radio communications requirements Pre flight preparation Duties of pilot Flight operations Right of way Use of time Flight folio Fuel oil and charging records First aid kits Hand held fire extinguishers SUBPART 6 MAINTENANCE 101 06 1 Continued system maintenance 101 06 2 RPAS maintenance 101 06 3 Issuing of an RMT authorisation 101 06 4 RMT logbook SUBPART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions 101 01 1 For the purposes of this Part unless the context otherwise indicates the following definitions shall apply autonomous unmanned aircraft means an unmanned aircraft that does not allow intervention in the management of the flight autonomous operation is an operation during which an unmanned aircraft is operating without intervention in the management of the flight background check means the checking of a person s identity and previous experience including any criminal history as part of the
15. 3 1 Except as provided in sub regulation 2 an RPA shall be equipped with an altimetry system that is capable of displaying to the operator on the RPS the height of the RPA above the surface 2 An RPA that is not equipped with an altimetry system required by sub regulation 1 shall be operated under R VLOS only Registration and marking 101 02 4 1 No RPA shall be operated unless such RPA holds a valid certificate of registration issued by the Director 2 An RPA registered on the South African Civil Aircraft Register shall be deemed to have South African nationality 3 An application for a certificate of registration shall be a made on the prescribed form and b accompanied by the fee prescribed in Part 187 4 The Director shall register an RPA issue a certificate of registration and a registration mark if the applicant complies with the requirements of this regulation The Director shall maintain a register of all RPAs registered in terms of this regulation Page 11 of 50 5 The nationality mark format size and location designated for use on RPAs shall be as prescribed in Document SA CATS 101 6 If the holder of a certificate of registration transfers to another person ownership of the RPA such holder shall within 30 days notify the Director of such transfer on the appropriate form SUBPART 3 PERSONNEL LICENSING General 101 03 1 1 No person shall act as pilot of an RPA except when undergoi
16. LASSIFICATIONS Table 1 RPAS Classification line of sight Kinetic energy Height MTOM kg kJ AGL ft R VLOS VLOS E A h lt 400 m lt 1 5 VLOS R VLOS VLOS E Ex lt 15 h lt 400 m lt 7 VLOS R VLOS VLOS E 15 lt E lt 34 h lt 400 m lt 20 VLOS VLOS Ex gt 34 h lt 400 m lt 20 Experimental Research RLOS Ex gt 34 h lt 400 m lt 150 VLOS Any h gt 400 m lt 150 RLOS Any h gt 400 m lt 150 Any Any Any m gt 150 Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved means to be defined in the future H means height above the surface E 1 2 Mass 1 4Vmax 101 01 7 Page 33 of 50 RPA SALES OR RE SALES LABELLING On the sale or re sale of any RPA the seller must display and insert a notice to notify the purchaser of the following information Such notice should as a minimum include the follows Note The operation of Remotely Piloted Aircraft RPA is regulated in terms of the South African Civil Aviation Regulations Operations as a hobbyist are subject to the terms of Part 94 whereas private use is restricted in terms of Regulation 101 01 4 of the Civil Aviation Regulations For private use a The RPAS may only be used for an individual s personal and private purposes where there is no commercial outcome interest or gain b The RPA may only be operated over property for which the operator has ownership or permission c The RPAS can only be used in Restricted Visual Line of
17. PROPOSED AMENDMENT OF THE CIVIL AVIATION REGULATIONS 2011 Under regulation 11 03 2 6 of the Civil Aviation Regulations the Chairperson of the Civil Aviation Regulations Committee CARCom hereby publishes for comment the proposed amendments to the Civil Aviation Regulations and Technical Standard 2011 as set out in the schedules hereto Any comments or representations on the proposed amendments should be lodged in writing with the Chairperson of CARCon for attention Ms Monica Sonjani or Mr Herman Wildenboer Private Bag 73 Halfway House 1685 fax 011 545 1201 or e mail at sonjanim caa co za or wildenboerh caa co za before or on 5 January 2015 SCHEDULE 1 PROPOSAL FOR THE INSERTION OF PART 101 OF THE CIVIL AVIATION REGULATIONS PROPOSER SACAA Private Bag X73 Halfway house 1685 PROPOSER S INTERESTS This proposer has been established in terms of the Civil Aviation Act 2009 Act No 13 of 2009 to control and regulate civil aviation in South Africa and to oversee the functioning and development of the civil aviation industry and in particular to control regulate and promote civil aviation safety and security MOTIVATION This proposal is for the addition of a new Part to the regulations the proposal is necessitated by the fact that there were no regulatory requirements for the operation of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems Page 1 of 50 1 PROPOSAL FOR INSERTION OF PART 101 1 1 Itis hereby proposed to i
18. RKING 1 Identification plate Page 36 of 50 Every South African registered RPA must have affixed to it an identification plate engraved stamped or etched with its nationality and registration marks The identification plate must a be made of fireproof material of suitable physical properties b be affixed to the RPA in a prominent position and c include the registration mark issued by the authority which appears on the RPA s certificate of registration Display of marks The nationality and registration marks must be a affixed to the RPA by an appropriate means so as to ensure that such marking will not become detached from the RPA in the event of an accident or destruction of the RPA b legible c displayed to the best possible advantage having regard to the construction or features of the RPA and d kept clean and visible at all times The registration mark letters and hyphen must be printed painted in Roman characters in black on a yellow background The height of the yellow background shall be at least 120 of the font height The size of the registration mark must be commensurate to the size of the Location of marks The marks on a fixed wing RPA must appear a on the bottom and top surface of each wing and b on both sides of the fuselage between the wings and tail surfaces or on the upper halves of the vertical tail surfaces The marks on a single or multi rotor RPA must appear
19. Sight which means within 500m of the pilot and never to exceed the height of the highest obstacle within 300m of the pilot during which the pilot can maintain direct unaided visual contact with the device to manage its flight and collision avoidance and d The pilot must observe all statutory requirements relating to liability privacy and any other laws enforceable by any other authorities For all other use a the RPA must first be approved by the South African Civil Aviation Authority for use by way of an RPA Letter of Authority RLA b all RPAs must be registered by the South African Civil Aviation Authority prior to use c an RPA may only be operated in terms of Part 101 of the South African Civil Aviation Regulations which includes specific requirements that the operator shall hold an RPA Pilot License and d no RPA may be sold to any person under the age of 18 101 02 2 RPAS SYSTEM SAFETY Page 34 of 50 An application for an initial approval where no certification exists from an ICAO Contracting state shall be accompanied by all of the following information that is available from the manufacturer a The RPAS Operating Manual from the manufacturer b A submission prepared by the applicant outlining all of the following information to the extent known or available i For Class 1 and Class 2 operations only sections 1 and 2 below ii For Class 3 Class 4 and Class 5 all sections below Section 1
20. able to the category of licence a Dimensions and weight of aircraft b Arm moment reference datum flight station centre of gravity c Forward and aft limitations of CG Servo motors and servo actuators used in remotely piloted aircraft Radio control link a Radio control transmitter and receiver i Setup as applicable to the category of licence b Frequencies used Data link C2 link a Airborne receiver b Remote pilot station i Command and control functions ii Telemetry iii Detect and avoid uplink and downlink Page 40 of 50 lt iv First person view FPV v Mission planner software vi Position and obstacle mapping vii Waypoint navigation c Frequencies used d Setup _ 10 Wireless links general a Line of sight i Fresnel zones b Interference c Coverage range d Antennas as used in remotely piloted aircraft systems 11 Flight controller autopilot system a Inputs and outputs b Inertial measurement unit IMU c Flight modes and facilities d Setup 12 Batteries a Sealed lead acid SLA b Nickel cadmium NiCad c Nickel metal hydride NiMH d Lithium ion Li lon e Lithium polymer Li Poly LiPo f Charging of batteries 13 The functions and required actions of the RPA observer 4 Items applicable to the Remote Pilot Licence Aeroplane RPL A 1 The stall a Boundary layer b Stalling angle of atta
21. aft or RPA traffic hazards identification local by laws obstructions restrictions habitation and conflicting activities public access permission from landowner likely operating site and alternative sites weather conditions and planning SQRDCSOCD E fe ee pene ee an en ek Ba ee ee ee ee E wma N x x Risk management Identification of the hazards risk assessment mitigating procedures Communication procedures Notification of intended operations to affected persons Part C Part D vi Location and site permissions vii Weather considerations On site procedures amp pre flight checks i Site visual survey ii Selection of operating area iii Crew briefing iv Cordoning off procedure where applicable v Communication range and capability requirements vi Weather observations vii Re fuelling or recharging viii Loading of operational equipment ix Preparation and assembly of RPA on site x Pre flight and post flight checks Flight procedure i start ii take off iii in flight iv landing v shutdown Emergency procedure i Unique to the RPA to be operated ii Fire Risk and preventative measures iii Accidents considerations and emergency response plan iv Loss of control link v RPA normal abnormal and emergency procedures Training Details of the operator s training programme Safety and Security An operator shall ensure that policy and p
22. all be obtained from the Director before any foreign flight training is undertaken if such training is to be accredited towards a South African RPL Skill test 101 03 5 1 The skill test for an RPL shall be conducted within 60 days of completing the flight training by an examiner accredited by the SACAA 2 The skill test shall be conducted with an aircraft of the same category for which the licence is sought 3 The holder of the RPL shall submit the skill test form to the SACAA within 30 days of the skill test 4 The skill test shall include the applicable sections for the E VLOS and B VLOS ratings if one or more of these ratings is sought Revalidation check 101 03 6 1 An RPL is valid to the last day of the 24th month from the date of issue 2 A revalidation check shall be conducted by an examiner accredited by the SACAA in the 90 day period before the expiry date of the validity period The revalidation shall be valid from the expiry date for a period of 24 months 3 The revalidation check shall be conducted with an aircraft of the same category for which the licence is held 4 If a revalidation check is completed more than 90 days before expiry or within 36 months of the expiry of an RPL the RPL shall be re issued from the date of the check for the normal 24 month period Page 14 of 50 5 The holder of the RPL shall submit the revalidation check form to the SACAA within 30 days of the revalidation che
23. assessment of an individual s suitability to implement a security control and or for unescorted access to a security restricted area beyond visual line of sight means an operation in which the remote pilot cannot maintain direct unaided visual contact with the remotely piloted aircraft to manage its flight and to meet separation and collision avoidance responsibilities visually command and control link means the data link between the remotely piloted aircraft and the remote pilot station for the purposes of managing the flight communication link means a digital or analogue data link to transfer voice or data between the remote crew air traffic control airspace users and other data users Page 5 of 50 corporate operation means a non commercial operation or use of RPAS by an entity for professional or aerial work as an aid to the conduct of business of that entity down link means the direct or indirect communication link form the RPA extended visual line of sight means an operation below 400 ft AGL in which an observer maintains direct and unaided visual contact with the remotely piloted aircraft at a distance not exceeding 1000 m from the pilot extended visual line of sight operation means an operation below 400 ft AGL in which an RPA observer assists in the direct unaided visual contact with the RPA in order to facilitate separation and collision avoidance requirements model a
24. ate the aircraft unless a first aid kit consisting of the medical supplies as prescribed in Document SA CATS 91 for manned aircraft is available within the remote pilot station and within 300 m of the takeoff and landing points A single kit may be used to comply with both these requirements 2 The owner or operator shall carry out periodical inspections of the first aid kit to ensure that as far as practicable the contents thereof are in a condition necessary for their intended use 3 The contents of the first aid kit shall be replenished at regular intervals in accordance with instructions contained on their labels or as circumstances require 4 The first aid kit shall be readily accessible to all crew members involved in the operation Hand held fire extinguishers 101 05 25 No owner or operator of an RPA shall operate the RPA unless a a hand held fire extinguisher is available in the remote pilot station and within 300 m of the takeoff and landing points b a hand held fire extinguisher suitable for use with electronic equipment and any power generating equipment in use is available in the remote pilot station and c a hand held fire extinguisher suitable for use on the RPA is available within 300 m of the takeoff and landing points SUBPART 6 MAINTENANCE Continued system maintenance 101 06 1 1 An RPAS shall be compliant with the manufacturer s instructions for continued equipment maintenance through a
25. ch device to be operated and iv for an initial issue an original Operations Manual prepared as prescribed in this Part 2 No RPA shall be registered under more than one ROC Validity 101 04 3 1 An ROC shall be valid for 12 months unless a itis surrendered by the holder thereof or b itis Suspended by an authorised officer inspector or authorised person or cancelled by the Director 2 The holder of an ROC shall at least 60 days immediately preceding the date on which such certificate expires apply for the renewal of such certificate 3 The holder of an ROC which is cancelled shall within seven days from the date on which the ROC is cancelled surrender such document to the Director Duties of the holder of an ROC 101 04 4 1 The holder of an ROC shall a conduct the activities granted by such certificate and ensure compliance with the provisions authorised therein b ensure compliance with any other requirements which the Director may impose and c report to the Director any changes directly or indirectly related to the ROC that may affect continued validity of the certificate or approval or safety of persons and property 2 For operations approved for E VLOS the operator shall a make use of at least one observer who shall not be younger than 17 years of age and Page 16 of 50 b ensure that each observer has completed the training prescribed by the operator and as approved by
26. ck Pilot logbook 101 03 7 1 The holder of a RPL must maintain in a pilot logbook a record of all his or her flight time instrument time simulation time and instruction time 2 Where electronic logbooks are used the electronic data must be printed on paper at least every 90 days and the printed pages filed sequentially in a binder 3 The pilot must retain all pilot logbooks for at least 60 months from the date that person no longer holds a valid pilot licence 4 The holder of an RPL must make the logbook available for inspection upon a reasonable request by an authorised officer inspector or authorised person SUBPART 4 RPAS OPERATOR CERTIFICATE General requirements 101 04 1 1 No person shall operate an RPAS in terms of this Part unless such person is the holder of a in the case of commercial corporate and non profit operations a valid ROC including the operations specifications attached thereto and b in the case of commercial operations an air services licence issued in terms of the Air Services Licensing Act 1990 Act No 115 of 1990 Application 101 04 2 1 An application for the issuing of an ROC or renewal or an amendment thereto shall be a made to the Director on the appropriate form b accompanied by Page 15 of 50 i the appropriate fee as prescribed in Part 187 ii a copy of the certificate of registration of each RPA to be operated iii a copy of the RLA for ea
27. ck c Aeroplane characteristics at the stall 5 Items applicable to the helicopter remote pilot licence RPL H 1 Flight controls a Collective control b Cyclic control d Anti torque control 2 Main and tail rotors Page 41 of 50 BIYOGGSS gt Swash plate Rotor head Rotor blade stall Fly bar Ground effect Helicopter setup Items applicable to the Remote Pilot Licence Multirotor RPL MR Different configurations and frames 101 03 4 FLIGHT TRAINING wa Sw N General Flight training can be a combination of simulator and aircraft training The exercises need not be done in the sequence given Items applicable to all Remote Pilot Licences Aircraft preflight inspection and setup Post launch in flight evaluation procedures checking of systems directly after launch if applicable to the category of licence Automated flying and flight controller flight modes First person view FPV flying if applicable Parachute assisted landing if applicable to the category of licence Evasive action maneuvers to avoid collisions Post flight inspection Items applicable to the Remote Pilot Licence Aeroplane RPL A Climbing and descending Turns while maintaining altitude Climbing and descending turns Speed changes while maintaining altitude Horizontal figure eight Stalls Recovery from a spin Takeoffs Catapult launch if applicable Hand launch if appl
28. ctions as the ATSU may give at any time during the operation of the RPA Pre flight preparation 101 05 17 An RPA pilot shall complete the pre flight preparations prior to each flight as prescribed in Document SA CATS 101 Duties of pilot 101 05 18 1 The pilot is accountable for safe operation of the RPAS 2 The pilot of an RPA shall on each flight operate such aircraft in accordance with the manual unless an unforeseen emergency dictates otherwise 3 The pilot of an RPA is responsible for separation and avoidance of the RPA from other aircraft and any other obstacles and hazards 4 The pilot of an RPA shall pilot such RPA in a manner so as to minimize hazards to persons and property on the ground and other aircraft in the air 5 The pilot shall ensure that at least one observer is used for E VLOS operations Flight operations Page 26 of 50 101 05 19 1 The RPAS shall be operated in such a way that appropriate separation from other aircraft is maintained and that adequate obstacle clearance is ensured during all phases of the flight 2 The pilot of an RPA shall ensure that the take off and landing area is safe and of the appropriate dimensions free from obstacles and has adequate surface conditions with regard to the type of operation the size of the aircraft the aircraft s performance and external factors Right of way 101 05 20 1 An RPA shall give way to manned aircraft 2 The RPA shal
29. ctions or inspections 2 The owner shall submit to the Director for approval a maintenance programme for the RPAS RPAS maintenance 101 06 2 1 The maintenance on an RPA or any component thereof shall be carried out by the following persons Page 29 of 50 a In respect of an RPA classified as a Class 3 and higher the holder of a valid RMT authorization or b In respect of an RPA classified as Class 2 and lower the ROC holder provided that the holder can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Director its ability to perform the required maintenance on the RPA Issuing of an RMT authorisation 101 06 3 1 An applicant for the issuing or renewal of an RMT authorisation shall be not less than 18 years of age and be a South African citizen or in possession of a valid permanent residence permit or valid temporary work permit with a letter of employment and c shall have successfully completed appropriate training provided by _ oO x i an organisation approved by the competent authority in the country where the training organisation is located ii training provided by an approved original equipment manufacturer or iii a training facility approved by the Director or d demonstrate the ability to perform maintenance functions to the Director where no training for the particular RPA is offered or available 2 An application for the issuing of an RMT authorisation shall be made to the
30. d command and control links and any other system elements as may be required at any point during flight operation restricted visual line of sight means an operation within 500 m of the RPA pilot and below the height of the highest obstacle within 300 m of the RPA in which the remote pilot maintains direct unaided visual contact with the remotely piloted aircraft to manage its flight and meet separation and collision avoidance responsibilities toy aircraft means a product designed or intended whether or not exclusively for use in play by children and falling under the definition of aircraft visual line of sight means an operation below 400 ft AGL in which the remote pilot maintains direct and unaided visual contact with the remotely piloted aircraft at a distance not exceeding 500 m Note See pictorial view of VLOS and EVLOS in Document SA CATS 101 Appendix A Abbreviations 101 01 2 For the purpose of this Part the following abbreviations shall apply AGL means above ground level Page 7 of 50 ATSU means Air Traffic Services Unit C2 means command and control link B VLOS means beyond visual line of sight CAMU means Central Airspace Management Unit CAR means Civil Aviation Regulations E VLOS means extended visual line of sight FUA means Fair Use of Airspace MTOM means maximum take off mass OpSpec means operational specifications RLA means an RPA letter of approval RLOS means radio line of
31. ht 6 Approach and landings 7 Actions after failure of a motor 101 04 5 OPERATIONS MANUAL Each ROC holder shall submit to the Director for approval an Operations Manual OM the content of which is commensurate with the size and scope of their intended operations The content of the OM shall be in the following format Part A General a Administration amp control i Company information address and contact details Page 43 of 50 v vi vii Table of Contents of Manual List of effective pages to control the version and revision of such OM Revision number Distribution list Definitions and Acronyms Statement of Compliance b Organization and operational control Organizational structure including an Organogram Organizational responsibilities of post holders and designated persons Responsibilities of support personnel Technical description of each RPAS for intended use by the ROC holder v Area or scope of operation vi Operating limitations and considerations required by the Director vii Operational Control Parameters viii Accident prevention and safety programme ix Flight crew qualifications and duties x RPA Operations xii Crew health xiii Documents and Record keeping Part B Operating Procedures a Flight planning preparation ii Page 44 of 50 Scope and feasibility Site location assessment considerations airspace considerations conflicting aircr
32. icable Approaches and landings Hand launching if applicable Engine failure a At altitude b After takeoff c On the approach Page 42 of 50 4 Items applicable to the Remote Pilot Licence Helicopter RPL H 1 Tail in hover 2 Tail in hover performing squares and circles 3 Takeoffs 4 Tail in hover performing a horizontal figure eight 5 Tail in hover performing a vertical rectangle 6 Side on hover both sides 7 Transition from hover to forward flight 8 Transition from forward flight to hover 9 Turns from level flight 10 Climbing and descending from level flight 11 Approach and landing 12 Nose in hover 13 Autorotation 5 Items applicable to the Remote Pilot Licence RPL MR 1 Tail in hover 2 Tail in hover yawing slowly to right and left 3 Tail in hover move to right then to the left 4 Tail in hover move forwards then backwards 5 Tail in hover ascend and descend 6 Takeoffs 7 Tail in hover performing a horizontal rectangle 8 Tail in hover performing a vertical rectangle 9 Nose in hover 10 From hover fly a square box rotating yawing the multirotor in the direction of flight 11 From hover fly a circle rotating yawing the multirotor nose in to the centre of the circle 2 Transition from hover to forward flight 3 Climbing and descending from level flight 4 Turns from level flight 5 Speed control in level flig
33. ircraft means a non human carrying aircraft capable of sustained flight in the atmosphere and used exclusively for air display recreational sport or competition activity observer means a trained and competent person designated by the operator who by visual observation of the remotely piloted aircraft assists the remote pilot in the safe conduct of the flight payload includes all elements of an RPAS that are not necessary for flight but that are carried for the purpose of fulfilling specific mission objectives private operation means the use of an RPA for an individual s personal and private purposes where there is no commercial outcome interest or gain radio line of sight means a direct electronic point to point contact between a transmitter and receiver Page 6 of 50 remote pilot means the person who manipulates the flight controls or manages the flight command instructions of a remotely piloted aircraft during flight time remote pilot station means the station at which the remote pilot manages the flight of the remotely piloted aircraft remotely piloted aircraft means an unmanned aircraft which is piloted from a remote pilot station excluding model aircraft and toy aircraft as defined in this Part remotely piloted aircraft system means a set of configurable elements consisting of a remotely piloted aircraft its associated remote pilot station s the require
34. l avoid passing over under or in front of manned aircraft unless it passes well clear and takes into account the effect of aircraft wake turbulence 3 When two aircraft are approaching head on or approximately so and there is danger of collision each aircraft shall alter its heading to the right 4 When two aircraft are converging at approximately the same level the aircraft which has the other aircraft on its right shall give way 5 An aircraft which is being overtaken has the right of way and the one overtaking shall alter its heading to keep well clear Use of time 101 05 21 1 For the purposes of reporting and recording time Co ordinated Universal Time UTC shall be used and shall be expressed in hours and minutes and when required seconds of the 24 hour day beginning at midnight 2 A time check shall be obtained from an air traffic services unit if possible prior to operating a controlled flight and at such other times during the flight as may be necessary Page 27 of 50 3 Wherever time is utilised in the application of data link communications it shall be accurate to within 1 second of UTC Flight folio 101 05 22 1 The owner or operator of a South African registered RPA shall ensure that the RPA has a flight folio or any other similar document which meets the requirements of and contains the information as prescribed in Document SA CATS 91 and the flight folio shall be accessible at the remote pilot
35. lder of an ROC and the operation has been approved by the Director in the operator s operations manual or b in the case of operations over a public road such road has been closed for public use and c reasonable care has been taken to ensure the safety of road users and pedestrians in the event of loss of control of the RPA Radio communication requirements 101 05 16 1 Except for R VLOS operations no RPA shall be operated unless the RPA pilot has a functioning air band radio in his possession tuned to the frequency or frequencies applicable to the ATSU providing services or controlling such area or airspace or to aircraft in such area or airspace 2 The air band radio shall have the required output and be configured in such a way that the range strength of transmission and quality of communication extends beyond the furthest likely position of the RPA from the RPA pilot Page 25 of 50 3 For VLOS E VLOS and B VLOS operations the RPA pilot shall using the registration of the RPA as a call sign make the required radio calls indicating the altitude location and intended operation of the RPA in that area and at such intervals as are required in order to ensure adequate separation from other aircraft is maintained 4 For approved RPA operations in controlled airspace the RPA pilot shall maintain radio contact using the registration of the RPA as a call sign with the relevant ATSU and acknowledge and execute such instru
36. m Failures 4 1 At the minimum the following emergency scenarios should be documented with procedures for handling them ie YS SES NS n loss of autopilot fatal error loss of flight control due to servo failure if applicable loss of propulsion power loss of engine power one engine out if applicable low battery voltage if applicable loss of navigation components heading or altitude loss of Global Navigation Satellite System loss of data link radio control link failure loss of remote pilot station remote pilot station communication failure loss of power of remote pilot station loss of remote pilot RPA observer communication dealing with structural damage any other failure modes or scenarios other than those listed above that can endanger safe flight shall be identified described and managed in appropriate manner SsaSsoacon x nnr n I A Z 3 Section 5 Hazard Assessment An objective assessment of the RPAS s potential hazard considerations which should include a Identification of RPAS functions Systems that assist with the identification of failure conditions Management and mitigations of the failure conditions b c d A list of alarms and methods for troubleshooting Section 6 Fail safe features Procedures to be followed by the remote pilot in case of malfunctions or failure Information of flight termination features 101 02 4 REGISTRATION AND MA
37. nditions specified in the ROC and according to the Operations Manual Page 49 of 50 8 The remote pilot shall have ensured before take off hat the flight can be carried out in a safe way 9 The operator shall ensure that the system s status is inspected before a flight is carried out 10 The remote pilot shall ensure that his her physical and mental condition are such that the safety of the air traffic will not be endangered failing which the remote pilot shall not start the flight 11 The remote pilot shall ensure that all required documents are available before starting the flight 12 Before every flight the roles and duties of each crew member must be defined in writing The remote pilot is responsible for the operation and safety of the aircraft and its payload if applicable and for the safety of all crew members 101 06 5 RMT LOGBOOK The log book shall contain the following information as a minimum a Fullname b Identification number c Name of employer Record of all technical courses attended e Date of maintenance f Type and make of RPA e g multirotor g Work carried out inspection repair overhaul etc h Signature of Quality Assurance Page 50 of 50
38. ng a skill test or receiving flight instruction unless he or she is in possession of a valid Remote Pilot Licence RPL in the relevant category 2 A Remote Pilot Licence may be issued for the following categories a RPL A Aeroplane Remote Pilot Licence b RPL H Helicopter Remote Pilot Licence c RPL MR Multirotor Remote Pilot Licence 3 The following ratings may be endorsed on the licence a VLOS visual line of sight operations b E VLOS extended visual line of sight operations c B VLOS beyond visual line of sight operations Requirements for the issue of an RPL 101 03 2 1 An applicant for an RPL shall a not be less than 18 years of age b i hold at least a valid Class 4 medical certificate for B VLOS operations or operations involving RPAS classified as class 3 or higher or Page 12 of 50 ii for all other classes or types of operation submit a self declared medical assessment report for operations involving RPAS classified as class 2 or lower provided that an applicant who cannot meet the requirements of the medical assessment shall submit a Class 4 medical certificate The report shall contain the information as prescribed in Document SA CATS 101 c hold a restricted Certificate of Proficiency in Radiotelephony Aeronautical d provide proof of the ability to speak the English language at proficiency level 4 or higher as prescribed in Part 61 e where required
39. nsert the following Part in the Regulations PART 101 REMOTELY PILOTED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS List of regulations SUBPART 1 101 01 1 101 01 2 101 01 3 101 01 4 101 01 5 101 01 6 101 01 7 SUBPART 2 101 02 1 101 02 2 101 02 3 101 02 4 Page 2 of 50 GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions Abbreviations Applicability Private operations Groupings and classifications Directives RPA sales and re sales labelling APPROVAL AND REGISTRATION RPA letter of approval RPAS system safety Altimeter Registration and marking SUBPART 3 PERSONNEL LICENSING 101 03 1 General 101 03 2 Requirements for the issue of an RPL 101 03 3 Theoretical knowledge examination 101 03 4 Flight training 101 03 5 Skill test 101 03 6 Revalidation check 101 03 7 Pilot logbook SUBPART 4 RPAS OPERATING CERTIFICATE 101 04 1 General requirements 101 04 2 Application 101 04 3 Validity 101 04 4 Duties of the holder of an ROC 101 04 5 Operations manual 101 04 6 Documentation and records 101 04 7 Security 101 04 8 Surveillance safety and security audits and inspections 101 04 9 Register of operating certificates 101 04 10 Transferability 101 04 11 Liability insurance SUBPART 5 RPA OPERATIONS 101 05 1 Weather conditions Page 3 of 50 101 05 2 101 05 3 101 05 4 101 05 5 101 05 6 101 05 7 101 05 8 101 05 9 101 05 10 101 05 11 101 05 12 101 05 13 101 05 14 101 05 15 101 05 16 101 05 17 101 05 18 101 05 19
40. ollowing operational capabilities prior to receiving approval for B VLOS operations i ii Page 48 of 50 Show how the intended RPA will perform all its flight tasks through control inputs whilst in flight and that such device is not ordinarily required to be flown manually Command the RPA to follow a predetermined course or group of way point inputs iii Provide inputs to the RPA that in the event of needing to avoid any aircraft or other obstacle the RPA pilot is able to interrupt or introduce commands or instructions to the RPA such that the RPA can be interrupted from its set course and can safely fly an alternative course or land to avoid known traffic iv How the exact position of the RPA is displayed to the pilot in real time on a moving map such that the RPA pilot will be able to make radio calls and report the position of such RPA to any aircraft in the vicinity or to an ATSU providing services or controlling such airspace v How it reacts in the event of receiving a flight position command that conflicts with obstacles or high ground 2 Inside controlled airspace B VLOS operations in controlled airspace shall meet requirements of Technical Standards 101 05 3 and 101 05 10 101 05 12 NIGHT OPERATIONS For operations at night the holder of an ROC must demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Director how in the instance of their RPAS a they meet the requirements for B VLOS operations below 400
41. on or swarm d be flown adjacent to or above a nuclear power plant prison police station crime scene court of law national key point or strategic installation 3 Except by the holder of an ROC and as approved by the Director no RPA shall be operated a above 400 ft above the surface b within a radius of 10 km from an aerodrome and b within restricted or prohibited airspace Beyond visual line of sight 101 05 11 1 An RPA shall not be flown beyond visual line of sight B VLOS unless by the holder of an ROC and as approved by the Director in the operations manual 2 The Director may approve B VLOS operation subject to the operator meeting the requirements prescribed in Document SA CATS 101 3 Approved B VLOS operations may only be conducted in VMC below 400 ft above ground level unless otherwise approved by the Director Page 23 of 50 Night operations 101 05 12 1 An RPA may not be flown at night except a in R VLOS operation or b by the holder of an ROC and as approved by the Director in terms of sub regulation 2 2 The holder of an ROC intending to operate an RPA at night shall as a minimum have each RPA approved under their ROC for night operations subject to compliance with the requirements prescribed in Documents SA CATS 101 3 An RPA may not be flown at night in controlled airspace except as approved by the Director as prescribed in regulation 101 05 3 Opera
42. ons prescribed in Document SA CATS 101 Releasing object or substance 101 05 4 No object or substance shall be released dispensed dropped delivered or deployed from an RPA except by the holder of an ROC and as approved by the Director in the operators Operations Manual Dangerous goods 101 05 5 1 Subject to sub regulation 2 no RPA shall carry dangerous goods as cargo except by the holder of an ROC and as approved by the Director in the operations manual 2 The provisions of Part 92 apply with the necessary changes to the conveyance of dangerous goods by an RPA Accidents and incidents 101 05 6 All accidents and incidents involving an RPA must be reported as prescribed in Part 12 where there is a any injury to a person b damage to property or c destruction of the RPA beyond economical repair Consumption of alcohol and drugs 101 05 7 No RPA pilot observer or RMT shall consume alcohol less than 8 hours prior to reporting for duty O commence a duty period while the concentration of alcohol in any specimen of blood taken from any part of his or her body is more than 0 02 grams per 100 millilitres Page 21 of 50 c consume alcohol or any psychoactive substance during the duty period or whilst on standby for duty or d commence duty period while under the influence of alcohol or any psychoactive substance having a narcotic effect C2 operational requirements 10
43. re manner to prevent and detect unauthorised interference or use d ensure that the RPAS is protected from acts of unlawful interference e ensure that the RPA is stored and prepared for flight in a manner that will prevent and detect tampering and ensure the integrity of vital systems f designate a security coordinator responsible for the implementation application and supervision of the security controls and g ensure that all personnel employed in the deployment handling and storage of RPAS have received security awareness training as prescribed in CAR Part 109 2 The holder of a ROC shall include in the operations manual referred to in regulation 101 04 5 the security aspects of the RPA operations as prescribed in this regulation and Document SA CATS 101 Surveillance safety and security audits and inspections 101 04 8 1 An applicant for the issuing of an ROC shall permit an authorised officer inspector or authorised person to carry out such safety and security inspections audits and oversight as may be necessary to verify the validity of any application made in terms of regulation 101 04 2 2 The holder of an ROC issued in terms of regulation 101 04 2 shall permit a person authorized by the Director to carry out such safety and security inspections audits and oversight including safety or security inspections and audits of its partners or subcontractors as may be necessary to determine continued compliance
44. rocedures in respect of the following aspects of security are addressed in its Operations Manual RPAS operator organisation and designation of a security coordinator Requirements for checks and searches of specific areas and accessible compartments of the interior and exterior of RPAS Prevention of unauthorised access to remotely piloted aircraft and ground control stations Page 45 of 50 d Protection efforts pertaining to limiting the software and C2 links from forms of interference e Response procedures for crew members and other staff for threats and incidents f Special procedures for crop spraying operations the carrying of weapons dangerous goods high consequence dangerous goods and high value cargo if applicable g Crew member briefings concerning security safety sensitive cargo loads h Additional security measures for special or more threatening situations i Reporting of security related incidents to the authority j Details on procedures and frequency on conducting background checks and recurrent criminal record checks and k Details on security awareness and response procedure training Part E Optional for smaller operators a SMS and b Quality Assurance Programme 101 05 3 CONTROLLED AIRSPACE 1 An RPA intended for operations within an ATZ or CTR shall as a minimum meet the following technical requirements which must be serviceable and functioning for the duration of such p
45. roposed operation the failure to any one of which shall require that such operations are terminated a Be fitted with a mode C or S transponder capable of displaying the unique squawk code issued to them unless otherwise exempted by the Director and or the applicable ATSU or CAMU according to an FUA application b Be fitted with an altimeter capable of displaying to the operator on the RPS the RPA s altitude above mean sea level corrected for ambient pressure QNH c Be fitted with a functioning strobe light or lights installed in such a way that such strobe lights are visible from both below and above the RPA at all azimuth angles and d In the instance of a fixed wing RPA be fitted with navigation lights 2 An ROC holder who intends operating in an ATZ or CTR shall as a minimum meet the following operational requirements Page 46 of 50 a Include in its Operational Manual details pertaining to such RPA operations under the ROC detailing how the safety and separation measures for aircraft operating in the ATZ or CTR will be achieved b Notify the relevant ATSU in advance of such operations outlining the intended type and scope of operations c Receive confirmation from the ATSU that such operations can be accommodated wherein such ATSU may outline any limitations requirements or considerations pertinent to the RPA design capability or operational circumstances d Supply the ATSU with the intended RPA
46. scribed in Document SA CATS 101 Directives Page 9 of 50 101 01 6 The Director may from time to time issue directives which are necessary for safe and secure operation of RPAS RPA sales or re sales labelling 101 01 7 No RPA shall be sold within the Republic unless the seller has by way of a packaging label or in the case of the resale thereof by way of written notification notified the buyer of the requirements as imposed by the Civil Aviation Authority as prescribed in Document SA CATS 101 SUBPART 2 APPROVAL AND REGISTRATION RPA letter of approval 101 02 1 1 No RPA shall be operated within the Republic unless such RPA has been issued with an RLA by the Director 2 An application for the issuing or renewal of an RLA shall be made to the Director on the appropriate form and accompanied by the appropriate fee as prescribed in Part 187 3 The Director shall issue an RLA if the applicant complies with the requirements prescribed in regulation 101 02 2 4 An RLA shall be valid for a period of 12 months RPAS system safety 101 02 2 1 An applicant for the issue of an RLA shall provide the Director with Page 10 of 50 a documentation regarding the standard to which the RPA was designed or b equivalent documentation that demonstrates a level of safety acceptable to the Director or c documentation demonstrating system safety as prescribed in Document SA CATS 101 Altimeter 101 02
47. station all times during flight 2 The flight folio shall be kept up to date and maintained in a legible manner by the PIC 3 All entries shall be made immediately upon completion of the occurrence to which they refer 4 In the case of maintenance being undertaken on the aircraft the entry shall be certified by the person taking responsibility for the maintenance performed Fuel oil and charging records 101 05 23 1 The owner of operator shall maintain fuel or charging records to enable the Director to ascertain that for each flight under his or her control the requirements of sub regulations 4 and 5 of this regulation are complied with 2 The remote pilot of the aircraft shall enter the fuel charging and oil records referred to in sub regulation 1 in the flight folio 3 The owner or operator shall maintain oil records to enable the Director to ascertain that trends for oil consumption are such that an aircraft has sufficient oil to complete each flight 4 During VLOS operations the remote pilot shall ensure that the aircraft has enough fuel or electrical charge to return to the point of landing complete a landing and then fly for at least two minutes 5 During B VLOS operations the remote pilot shall ensure that the aircraft has enough fuel or electrical charge to complete the intended flight plus a reserve of 20 Page 28 of 50 First aid kits 101 05 24 1 No owner or operator of an RPA shall oper
48. te Pilot Licence Multirotor Items applicable to the remote pilot general examination Air law for remotely piloted aircraft RPA a SACAR Part 101 and Document SA CATS 101 Human factors a Vision i Empty field myopia ii Adaptation to darkness iii Autokinesis b Stress management i Causes of stress stressors Meteorology a Factors affecting air density b Fog and mist c Wind and gusts x Thunderstorms e Aviation weather reports Navigation a Latitude and longitude b Aeronautical chart information VFR c GPS i Components of a GPS system as used on an RPA Lighting for remotely piloted aircraft Items applicable to all remote pilot licences Page 39 of 50 Construction and parts of the remotely piloted aircraft RPA as applicable to the category of licence Forces acting on an aircraft as applicable to the category of licence a Weight b Lift c Drag d Thrust Axes of an aircraft and motion about the axes a Lateral axis pitch b Longitudinal axis roll c Normal axis yaw Control of motion about the axes as applicable to the category of licence Propulsion systems as applicable to the category of licence a Electric motors i Brushed motors ii Brushless motors iii Motor ratings b Electronic speed controllers c Petrol engines d Fuel mixtures e Propellers i Sizes length and pitch Weight and balance as applic
49. the Director in their operations manual 3 The holder of an ROC is accountable for the overall operation Operations manual 101 04 5 1 An ROC holder shall develop for approval by the Director an operations manual containing all the information required to demonstrate how such operator will ensure compliance with the regulations and how safety standards will be applied and achieved during such operations 2 An ROC holder shall set out the type and scope of operations including the manner in which each type of RPAS and operation will be safely conducted 3 The operations manual or system of manuals should reflect all operational and legislative activities and obligations which the ROC holder is obliged to meet such that the content is commensurate with the size and scope of the operation 4 The operator shall submit amendments to the Director for approval a prior to a change in any proposed aspect type or scope of the operator s operation b where the operations manual no longer meets the requirements of these regulations or associated technical standards c on determining that any part or component thereof is or becomes inadequate or d as required by the Director 5 Upon the approval of the operations manual amendments by the Director the operator shall make such changes available to all persons engaged in the operation deployment handling security transportation and storage of any RPAS operated
50. tions in the vicinity of people 101 05 13 No person shall operate an RPA directly overhead any person or group of people or within a lateral distance of 50 m from any person unless a the operator is the holder of an ROC and the operation has been approved by the Director in their operations manual or b such person is the operator of the RPA or such person is under the direction of the operator of the RPA or c such person or group of people forms part of the operations of the RPA and is under control of the operator of the RPA and adequate provisions have been made for their safety Operations in the vicinity of property structures and buildings Page 24 of 50 101 05 14 1 No RPA shall be flown within a lateral distance of 50 m from any structure or building unless a the operator is a holder of an ROC and the operation has been approved by the Director in their operations manual or b permission is obtained from the owner of such structure or building 2 An operator conducting an operation as contemplated in sub regulation 1 shall take such measures as are necessary to ensure the safety of all persons on the ground accessing such building or in the vicinity of such structure Operations in the vicinity of public roads 101 05 15 No person shall operate an RPA over a public road along the length of a public road or at a distance of less than 50 m from a public road unless a such person is the ho
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