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1. Figure 7 Pod Design tab Length Set the length of the pod Fine Ratio Set the fineness ratio for the pod VSP User Manual 15 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 4 Designing Wings All Wings There are three tabs that are common between all wing type browsers Plan Sect and Foil These three are explained below and the ones unique to each type are explained in separate sections Planform Plan Tab The Plan tab is shown in the figure below MM Multi Section Wing Geom AE MS WING Ms_Wing 0 Gen XForm Plan Sect Dihed Foil Total Planform_ Span gt lt 113 0000 ProjSpan gt 1121757 Chord gt lt Area gt Aspect Ratio Sweep Off gt lt 0 0000 Figure 8 Multi section Wing Plan tab VSP User Manual 16 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 4 Designing Wings Total Planform In this pane the user sets the planform of the wing as a whole Span Projected Span Chord Area These four parameters affect each other but can all be changed to shape the entire wing Aspect Ratio Cannot be set but is affected by a change in the span projected span or chord Sweep Offset Choose an angle from 85 to 85 degrees Foil Tab The Foil tab is shown on the following page The features on that tab are described below Airfoil Choose which section s airfoil is to be modified Name Although this field do
2. 1 0000 Reset apo Thin Shell Shell Mass Area 1 0000 Ses Figure 6 XForm tab for a Pod Transforms Absolute Abs or Relative Rel Select whether the transformation should be in reference to an absolute or relative coordinate system VSP User Manual 13 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 2 ntro to Modeling in VSP Location Loc Change how the part is located and orientated in the X Y and Z directions X Loc Y Loc Z Loc Rotation Rot Rotate the part in the X Y and Z directions X Rot Y Rot Z Rot Origin of Rotation Rot Orig This lets the user specify where the origin of rotation is to be placed 0 0 being the leading edge and 1 0 being the trailing edge Symmetry This allows users to modify the part quickly without having to do the same work twice Choose the symmetry about the plane on which the part is to be mirrored Scale Factor Change the overall size of the object and then accept the new scale or reset it to the previous scale Mass Properties Density Specify the density of the part Priority Specify the priority of this part Shell Mass Area Specify the shell mass area ratio Thin Shell Click to specify a thin shell geometry VSP User Manual 14 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 3 Designing a Pod Design tab The design tab specifically for a pod is shown below MM Pod Geom E m Ed POD Pod_0 110 0000 Fine Ratio gt 2 15 0000
3. Tan Str1 Tan Str gt DegPerSeg 9 RotateFoilTo Max Num Segs E Match Dihedal Interpolation Control Smooth Blend Figure 11 Multi section Wing Dihedral tab Blend Attach Points Attach 1 Choose what percentage of the interior part that will attempt to blend with the exterior side of the joint 0 5 50 Attach 2 Choose what percentage of the exterior part that will attempt to blend with the interior side of the joint 0 5 50 Blend Tangent Strength Tangent Strain Tan Str 1 2 Changes the strength of the blend which changes the shape of the object VSP User Manual 20 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 4 Designing Wings Deg Per Seg specify the number of degrees in each segment Max Num Seg specify the maximum number of segments in the body Rotate Foil to Match Dihedral Rotates a specific airfoil to match the dihedral angle specified above I nterpolation Control When smooth blend is activated the cross sections are slanted to give the wing a smoother look Hybrid Wing Bodies HWB Section Sect Tab The section tab for a HWB is shown below The section tab is very similar to the one for a MS Wing but with a few additional elements These elements are highlighted in the figure below Section Planform Filleted Tip Chord Filleted Root Chord Projected Span these values are related to the specified driver option values They will automatically update as the driver optio
4. lt 0 2500 M_EXP2 gt lt 2 0000 gt lt 1 7000 N_EXP2 lt 2 0000 lt 2 3000 M_EXP3 gt lt 2 0000 Side Section Parms PLN gt 0 4000 PLE gt lt 0 2000 j Eml gt l 3 0000 1 0000 lt 1 7000 lt 1 3000 lt 1 4000 lt 40 5000 lt 0 4000 lt 0 1000 lt 0 1000 lt lt lt lt lt 0 5000 0 5000 M_EXP4 gt lt 2 0000 q 3 N_EXP4 lt 2 0000 N_EXP3 lt 2 0000 Figure 19 HAVOC parameter tabs VSP User Manual 31 Version 1 7 92 Cnapter 7 Additional Parts External Store Ext Store Design gt Note By default the External Store part will create two external stores each time the user adds this part to the design To add only one external store at a time select the XForm tab and select None from the Symmetry drop down box MM Ext Store Geom AE External Store Gen XForm Design Rosconoccoroconcaconacaconc Type BOMB zi Length gt 6 5000 Finess gt l 15 0000 Cd Flat Plate gt a 0 0100 C Fyon Jon Height gt 0 Cd Flat Plate gt 0 0100 Figure 20 External Store Design tab Type Choose between a missile bomb or fuel tank Length The length of the chosen type VSP User Manual 32 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 7 Additional Parts gt Fineness Ratio F
5. Front F6 Left Side F7 Left Iso F8 Bottom F9 Rear F10 Right Side F11 Right Iso F12 and Center c To switch views either click on the desired view in the drop down menu or press the appropriate hot key VSP User Manual 44 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features Adjust view Geom Top F5 MS Adjust View Sel Ac Y Front F Left Side F7 Left Isa Po lt lt XPos gt gt gt Bottom Fo Rear F 10 Right side F11 lt lt Zoom gt gt gt Right Iso F12 Center c lt lt YPos Antialias Lines Texture Figure 33 Adjust option in the View Menu left and Adjust View control box right The Adjust option is most useful when modeling a current airplane with a picture of the aircraft set as the background picture When using the mouse it is difficult to line up the model exactly To remedy this select Adjust from the View menu and use the relocation keys in the Adjust View control box to align the model more precisely with the background image Alias Antialias Lines Top F5 Top FS Front F6 Front Fe Left Side F7 Left side FF Left Iso FB Left Iso F5 Bottom F9 sey ai Par Rear F10 Right Side F11 Right Iso F12 Right Side F11 Right Iso F12 Center cj Eee c Adjust ae E Antialias Lines Alas Lines Texture Texture Figure 34 Antialias Lines left and Alias Lines right options in Vie
6. User Manual Vehicle Sketch Pad Version 1 7 92 About VSP Vehicle Sketch Pad VSP is developed and provided free of charge by NASA Langley Research Center VSP and any related codes that might be obtained from NASA are solely for internal use at locations with an active Software User s Agreement Neither individuals nor institutions shall disseminate any software or documentation in any fashion without NASA s expressed consent Further this software and support documentation are for use only in the United States by United States entities Foreign nationals shall not be allowed copy access to these materials Please visit our website for more information http vspmanual webs com To obtain a software usage agreement for VSP please contact Mark Moore Aeronautics Systems Analysis Branch Mail Stop 442 1 North Dryden St NASA Langley Research Center Hampton VA 23681 0001 VSP User Manual 2 Version 1 7 92 Table of Contents Chapter 1 Getting Started SS A AA AD 6 iia A AAN nn A A terete Terre te tre 6 PVN EU WS o E EN E EEE EEEE A 6 Figure 3 Navigating between folders ccoooooononnnccnnnnnnononononcnnnnnnnnononnnannnnnnnnnnnnnnanos 7 NEO Cia 8 E a 8 DAS O No e e IX 9 Mouse DUO iaa 9 SI RP O 9 Chapter 2 Intro to Modeling in VSP ON II 10 Modine a Part soe accaccse tora cateeomanense asain onscost A EE EEE E E EE EE 11 AUS E A E N ole E 11 General Parameters Gen Ti Deere E mS 11 Cross Sect
7. Calculix Graphix entity Mises max 4 09e 002 min 0 00e 000 4 09e 002 3 89e 002 3 70e 002 3 51e 002 3 31e 002 3 12e 002 2 92e 002 2 73e 002 2 53e 002 2 34e 002 2 14e 002 1 95e 002 1 76e 002 1 56e 002 1 37e 002 1 17e 002 9 78e 003 7 84e 003 5 59e 003 3 95e 003 2 00e 003 5 88e 005 wing frd Figure 58 FEA Results from Calculix VSP User Manual 60 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features Figure 58 shows the stress results for Calculix for the wing mesh generated in VSP Listed below is the input file for this run INCLUDE INPUT feageom dat INCLUDE INPUT fixed nam BOUNDARY NFIXED 1 3 MATERIAL NAME AL ELASTIC 70000 0 0 33 20 0 DENSITY 1 894e 9 SHELL SECTION ELSET Eallquads MATERIAL AL 0 05 SHELL SECTION ELSET Halltris MATERIAL AL 0 05 INCLUDE INPUT feanodethick dat xK STEP INC 100 STATIC DLOAD Eallquads GRAV 98100 0 0 1 0 DLOAD Ealltris GRAV 98100 0 0 1 0 NODE FILE NSET Nall OUTPUT 3D U EL FILE NSET Eallquads OUTPUT 3D S EL FILE NSET Ealltris OUTPUT 3D S END STEP Link Modify CompGeom Mesh CFO Mesh Wave Slice Mass Prop Aero Ref Structure Figure 59 Link option under the Geometry menu VSP User Manual 61 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features E Parm Link Mer UserParm 1 Offset A 0 0000 Scale 1 0000 Add Link Delete Link Delete All Links GROUP PARM gt COMP_
8. Figure 38 Component Geometry Results Window Mesh E MM Mesh Geom Scri Modify Gen XForm Name amp Color Compreor Name Mesh_2 Material Default CFO Mesh Awave Slice Mass Prop Aero Ret structure Link Figure 39 Mesh option under the Geometry menu left and Mesh Window right Once selected it will produce a triangulated water tight geometry The mesh is of low quality and is not recommended for use in CFD The mesh is applicable for stereo lithography CFD Mesh The meshing code will intersect trim and mesh VSP models based on user defined grid density settings The VSP models must be closed to properly determine which triangles are interior Also co planer surfaces will not intersect correctly and will produce poor results The units for the values in CFD Mesh are in absolute units of measure VSP User Manual 48 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Majin Toolbar Features Modit CompGeom Mesh CFD Mesh Awave Slice Mass Prop Aero Ref Structure Link Figure 40 The CFD Mesh option under the Geometry menu E CFD Mesh CFD Mesh Max Edge Len 0 500 lt lt lt Adjust Len gt gt gt lt lt lt Adjust Rad gt gt gt al w Add Default Sources Length Point v Add Source Point imadseiresl Delete Source w oO Intersect Export Final Mesh Mesh Single Comp T Show Sources Mesh All H Show Mesh Figure 41 Mesh Source Controls The above
9. Top Tan Ang Bot Tan Ang All Tan Str y Figure 18 Fuselage Cross Sections tab Type The user can select the type of cross section to use gt Note Also one can read in a fuselage file fxs Graph The picture in the bottom of the window shows the current cross section Zoom To the right of the picture mentioned above is a scroll bar to zoom the picture Click on the bar and move the mouse upward to zoom out or downward to zoom in B Button Located in the bottom right hand corner This is for a background picture which must be in JPEG jpg format This is similar to the background for the Main Window VSP User Manual 30 Version 1 7 92 Cnapter 6 Introduction to HAVOC Definition HAVOC is an acronym for Hypersonic Aircraft Vehicle Optimization Code This part can be imported into that particular code To find what each adjustment does refer to the code s definitions Modifications The HAVOC part has 3 unique tabs that have many different features that can be adjusted The 28 different parameters and ratios that can be changed all correspond to different lengths radii etc that make up the HAVOC MM Havoc Geom SE MM Havoc Geom SEE MM Havoc Geom Havoc Geom Gen XForm Plan XSec Side Gencscssacarscnonos Gen XForm Plan XSec Side Planform Parms Cross Section Parms Length gt l lt 25 0000 M_EXP1 gt lt 2 0000 l N_EXP1 gt lt 2 0000 gt lt 0 2500 gt
10. are to be analyzed correctly Landing Gear Tires are just very short fuselages For example make a fuselage 5 long Have two cross sections that are circles of height 1 Locate the first cross section at 35 and locate the second cross section at 65 Now do a Z Rot of 90 degrees and the result will be a nice tire twelve inches in diameter Struts are also just fuselages Set the cross sections to circles and move the cross sections out to the ends This gives a cylinder Change the length and diameter to what is appropriate Wheel pants fairings are just short fuselages sitting around the tires Finishing touches There are some last Finishing touches that might be wanted to help dress up the model A rotating beacon is just a cylinder made in a similar manner to the strut explained above It 1s limitless the number of things that can be done in VSP Pretty much everything can be done with fuselages or multi section wings Just be creative VSP User Manual 78 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 10 Tips and Troubleshooting Tips When designing the models there is a need to learn the distance between two points One solution is to add a fuselage that is the length of what is to be measured and just use simple circular cross sections Move the first and last cross section out to the ends to form a cylinder Then change the color to make it stand out Name it Measuring Stick for example Then adjust the length to exact between the spots to be
11. to straighten the image again This button is next to the JPG Image in the Background Window If needed click it to make the image straight The second is to use the tools available in the Background window The height and width can be scaled with the W Scale and H Scale sliders The X and Y Offsets can also be set with sliders VSP User Manual 42 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features E Background SEE ass ci J esor En zs i l JPEG Image WScale 1 0000 HScale I 1 0000 Preserve Aspect X Offset E 0 0000 Y Offset r 0 0000 Reset Defaults Figure 30 Background Window Lighting The lighting on the model can be adjusted in order to see the model better The default light settings may not show surfaces and textures as well as desired Note that this feature works best when the model is near completion and is shaded The lights available are not directional and as such will light up both the dorsal and ventral sides of the model equally but with different intensity The more of the light boxes that are selected the more brightly lit the model will be The user may choose from three variables to control the light Ambient Amb This slider controls the intensity of the selected lights from 0 00 off to 1 00 full power Diffuse Diff This slider controls the amount of diffusing of the selected lights from 0 00 no diffuse to 1 00 full diffuse Note that the dramatic impact of th
12. 0 0000 Deg Per Seq E Trailing Edge Sweep Fillets Spani 1 Deg Per Seq 5 Dihedral Fillets Deg Per Seg 5 Interpolation Control Rotate Foils To Match Dihedral Figure 13 Fillet tab in HWB part Trailing Edge Sweep Fillets Span Tip Blends the two sections connected by the joint selected in the XY plane of the trailing edge Similar to Sweep Fillets but at trailing edge Dihedral Fillets Span Tip Blends the dihedral angles of the two sections together creates a smooth curve between the two Change to a front or rear view to observe these changes Interpolation Control This option allows the user to rotate the section s airfoil so that the airfoil is always aligned with the front of the aircraft Selecting this option will prevent an airfoil from rotating toward or away from the center of the aircraft as dihedral or anhedral is added VSP User Manual 23 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 4 Designing Wings Exercises In order to show the capabilities of a Multi section Wing the following complex geometries are given as exercises for the reader Ring Wing l TS e Open the Geom Browser and Add an MS Wing part Open the MS Wing Part Window and select the Section Sect tab Start with 3 sections 0 1 2 in the Total Num Secs box Access each section by using the arrows next to Section ID Set each section s Span TC tip chord and RC root chord to 2 0 by manually
13. 150400 E PP A 4 AAA II 42 WON PUE renales oto A aan cia 42 ack COU Pic suroriental iento NE 42 LA rd 43 LADOS nro ratero rato boot 44 A e A 44 ISSCC VIS ls 44 A Pe ca E A 45 PMT AS INU AAS WANS o me III 45 nn e A 46 Geometry Tools Geom Me U oooccccnnnnnnnnnncncnnnnnnononononnnnnnnnnononnnnnnnnnnnnnnnonnnnnannnnnnnnnnnnnnnos 47 MOU e E enemy rt reer ie tert eer eer tr ree rte 47 Component Geometry COMpGEe0OM coooooonnnnnnnncnononononnnnnnnnnononnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnncnnnnnnnss 4 IMS igre as ee pec E E E ie desan penedunsqecsionstesesuee ss cesuec penedue gees 48 CEON O sarao 48 AWAVE Slicing Awave ES escroto ico 52 Mass Properties Mass TIOD encara diia 54 Aero Relorence ACTO Re sirios 55 mubles Mode A oo PAU ES E E a EEE A nis 56 o IE A E E E E EE A 62 o NOON eorr r T E E S 62 SALO a oi A EE UU A O E E dneeseteees 63 NOO On A E E E PEA 63 VSP User Manual 4 Version 1 7 92 Table of Contents I Gh CPE PR e o A 63 A A oc graces ean ere renletnis sa theese sone teanseiara tease astcaeen oceseve sed 63 Mpat Tab green tacna E er ner ye rece ae 67 SIC LD e A E E E E E 69 CONTO leo e a E E A S saccade steeeseneansecee 71 EXC Li E E E 12 PRS YC y IPPO S E e o 74 ia yo ARPA PO 5 N O EOI 74 o E E E A aseeeneuace see 74 Chapter 9 Modeling Example A MIN aparece bee E A A EEE E PENET 75 A e EEC o oa 75 RS Ere S E ao i i A E E A E E E A E E 76 FGI COS SC O dl did adds 76 A TI AAA E meo nor TT E 78 Po TOU OS
14. 92 Chapter 7 Additional Parts MM Duct Geom lt 5 0000 Chord 100 Inlet Dia gt lt 10 0000 Inlet Area Inlet Qutlet gt lt 1 0000 _ Outlet Dia Outlet Area Figure 21 Duct Shape tab Foil Tab MM Duct Geom DUCT Duct_0 Name NACA 0010 Invert Y Type NACA 4 Series y Read File Camber lt 0 0000 Camber Loc gt lt 0 5000 Thick gt lt 0 1000 Thick Loc 6 Series IdealCl A LE Rad oe oe EE Figure 22 Duct Foil tab The Foil tab is identical to the MS Wing s Foil tab VSP User Manual 34 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 7 Additional Parts gt gt Note In the event that a negative camber for the duct is desired click the Invert Y button under the Airfoil title bar Propeller Prop Shape Tab MM Prop Geom E ES PROP Prop 0 _ Diameter i e lt 4 oooo Cone Ang o 0000 Blade Pitch gt EE 0000 Num Blades 58 Figure 23 Propeller Shape tab This tab allows the diameter cone angle and blade pitch to be set The Blade Pitch rotates all of the propeller s blades at the same time Num U and Num W This adjusts the number of radial U and spanwise W sections of each propeller blade Smooth When this option is selected the program will attempt to create smoother transitions along the span of each propeller blade
15. Num Blades This allows the user to select the number of blades for the propeller from one to twenty four VSP User Manual 35 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 7 Additional Parts Station Tab MM Prop Geom E E PROP Prop_0 Loc x R o e 0 0500 Offset y R gt lt 0 0000 Chord c R gt h 0 0800 Twist lt 45 0000 7 nai Tonu 4 oa Figure 24 Propeller Station tab Overview In this tab the location size and twist of the blade are adjusted Station This 1s similar to the Sect ID and Joint ID of the MS Wing Sect and Dihed tabs Each station denotes a different portion of the propeller Location This specifies the location of the adjustment 0 is the center of the blade and l is the tip Offset Advances that section of the blade Chord The width of the blade in different sections VSP User Manual 36 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 7 Additional Parts Foil Tab MM Prop Geom AE g PROP Prop 0 station Af o0 gt Name NACA 0020 Invert Y Type NACA4 Series Read File Camber lt 0 0000 Camber Loc gt 0 5000 Thick gt 0 2000 Thick Loc 6 Series LE Rad Ideal Cl A E Figure 25 Propeller Foil tab This is identical to the Foil tabs of the MS Wing and HWB p
16. Outer Mold Line OML When using an inner mold line the Modify buttons allow one to set the wall thickness for each mold line parametrically Note that changing wall thicknesses of any fuselage section when the IML button is selected will change the shape of the exterior of the fuselage and changing wall thicknesses when the OML button is selected will change the shape of the inner shape of the fuselage Profile Tab MM Fuselage Geom SEE Cross Section ID 4 1 gt Tangent Angle Str Angle Wt gt 0 0000 j Str 1 gt Str2 gt lt 0 2500 Hold SHIFT Key to Move Control Points Number of Interpolated XSecs lt lt Adjustan gt gt lt 0 2500 C nmi ET 6 C nma El m Figure 17 Fuselage Profile tab Cross Section ID Use the arrows to access each cross section for editing purposes VSP User Manual 28 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 5 Designing the Fuselage Tangent Angle Strength Angle Weight This is the angle between the two sections Strength 1 2 Changes the shape and placement of the affected section gt Note None of these parameters will work if there are no Interpolated Cross Sections gt Note To manually adjust the control points of the fuselage hover the mouse over the appropriate control point and hold the Shift key The placement of the control point can now be controlled by moving the mouse Number of I nterpolated Cross Sections Adjust All Adjust th
17. Then adjust the zoom and position of the model so the wing and horizontal tail line up correctly in the background image Now insert a fuselage The view will jump but just hit the side view key again to line it up Now set the length and forward and aft position of the fuselage Next set the nose of the part over the nose in the background image It should now be the proper length and in the proper location Editing Cross Sections It is now time to edit the cross sections of the fuselage in order to line them up over the background image Start off by setting around 3 or 4 cross sections Put them at major spots like the fuselage windshield junction and the max fuselage height etc Then switch to top view to set their heights Cross section types can be changed to more suitable shapes like round box or general or even a fuselage file if one is available or the user decides to create one Finally start adding more cross sections around the first few to get the curves smoother The more cross sections that are present the more accurate and smooth the fuselage will be Note that the number of cross sections used can quickly add up to do a very high quality job of this Cessna for example would require at least 20 fuselage cross sections to capture all of the curves of the aircraft VSP User Manual 76 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 9 Modeling Example At this point the aircraft should look roughly as follows o Hi ee essses l _
18. aa i ll inno Bry TARERE TS a Li A Prop This 1s one of the easier steps Just locate the prop correctly and change the stations on the prop to suit For the spinner there are 2 schools of thought First 1s to make the spinner and the rest of the fuselage one part The other school of thought is to have the spinner canopy and all the other pieces as separate parts The advantage to the first method is that the transition between the pieces is smooth because it is all the same part in VSP The advantage to the second is that all of the taper ratios can be used more than once The fuselage spinner and canopy might require different taper ratios but with the first method all of the required extra cross sections must be added in manually Which method is employed is considered purely a matter of personal preference Once the model is laid out add texture and shading to suit VSP does not feature photo realistic surface rendering however some basic shading and texturing is possible When finished the final model should appear as follows Figure 73 Three view of Cessna 210 and VSP model VSP User Manual 77 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 9 Modeling Example The process for adding and modifying landing gear is discussed below Although landing gear will not be added to the sample model it is important to ensure that models have landing gear 1f certain flight regime behaviors such as gear down performance etc
19. e E E E E EEE 78 o EE o E N EEN A E E E A E E ET 79 VSP User Manual 5 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 1 Getting Started Quick Start This section provides a basic understanding of Vehicle Sketch Pad VSP and is intended to give a rudimentary understanding of how to use the program Users are advised to read the manual in its entirety to gain a more complete understanding of VSP gt Note The Glossary pg 80 provided at the end of this document is available to clarify any confusing terms Things to Know File Extension Vehicle Sketch Pad uses the XML extension for its files VSP can read RAM files however the XML extension should be used 1f files are to be edited Saving Files iia Window Vi Figure 1 Save options under the File Menu When a new file 1s created the Save As command should be used for the first save If a new file is saved with the Save command rather than the Save As command it will save as VspAircraft XML in the directory of the vsp exe program After doing the first save as every successive Save will save the file under the name specified by the user Also as with many other programs users are highly encouraged to save their work often VSP User Manual 6 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 1 Getting Started Opening Files Whenever you are prompted to open import a file a window similar to the one shown below will appear Read Airfoil File v Favorites a Y Preview Filen
20. of control surfaces on MS Wing part right Create Control Surfaces Name allows a name to be specified for the control surface Type specifies the type of control surface on the figure from four choices flap slap all CAMB 0 Ang specify the angle of the control surface VSP User Manual 71 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features Chord specify the chord of the control surface Color specify the color of the control surface Refl specify whether the control surface 1s reflected Sym specify whether the control surface is symmetric or asymmetric Hinge specifies the location of the hinge moment A default value of O places the hinge moment at the location of the flap line Create use to add the control surface with the characteristics described above to the list Remove use to remove a specific control surface from the list Add Delete Control Surfaces Trap Number use the arrow buttons to access a specific trapezoid as denoted by the Interpolated slices Add Del Control Surf click to add or delete a control surface from the actual figure Execute Tab Execute Number of Sub Panels indicate the number of subpanels being implemented Use the single arrow button closest to the actual number to update the number in steps of 50 and the double arrow to update in steps of 200 SubDivide click button to further subdivide the model The program will simultaneously run Vorlax as well Calc Surface
21. shows the Geom window and the list of available parts MM Geom See E Geom AE _Add POD e O PAY OS EXT STORE Aircraft aircraft MS WING BLANK DUCT PROP ENGINE HWB Wire Sel All Wire Hidden a Hidden Show NoSh Shade NoShow Gano Texture Texture Figure 4 Geom window and list of available parts The selected part will appear in the Main Screen and the Part Window will open The Part Window allows the designer to change all of the parameters of the given part gt Note If the specific part is deselected by clicking anywhere else in the Active window the Part Window will disappear To have the Part Window appear again just click on the part name in the Part List To remove a part select the part from the list under the Active label and click Cut VSP User Manual 10 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 2 ntro to Modeling in VSP Modifying a Part VSP allows designers to quickly and easily create nearly any aircraft imaginable In order to do that parts must be modified to meet the design vision The following is organized by each part type Each Part Window has tabs to show different information on each part Clicking on the tab will bring up those parameters The following descriptions start from the left tab and work across to the right A word of warning VSP does not deal with units of measure directly in other words the program does not default to feet or meters etc All units for aspects s
22. the part is still highlighted in Geom Browser under the Active label Once the part is no longer highlighted either by clicking Aircraft or another part the Revert option will not undo any changes made prior to that action If the part is again activated in the Geom Browser the Revert option will undo changes made past that point In order to ensure that you do not accidently deactivate the part and be unable to undo your changes save your work as often as possible at key points in the design process Keep in mind the limitations of the Revert option while using VSP EXtXML Figure 68 Revert Option on Main Toolbar menu Help About This section provides the specifics of the software license and provides contact information in the case of further questions or concerns Please visit http vspmanual webs com for more software advice and technical support About Figure 69 About option under Help menu ADOUT VSP User Manual 74 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 9 Modeling Example The following exercise will guide the user through the process of designing a conventional single engine general aviation aircraft For the purposes of this modeling exercise a Cessna 210 Centurion will be the aircraft that is modeled Wing First set a background image of the top view of the aircraft to be modeled Then insert a wing Set the span to the published span then zoom and move the VSP model
23. under the Gen tab one can choose the Fixed Offset Matrix or the UV button to connect them Note The part window for the parent must be open when pasting another part as 1ts child The list of Parts in the Geom Browser window The window where the user can modify the details of the part The window is named for the kind of part followed by Geom For example the part menu for a wing would be titled Wing Geom This view shades the parts The color of the shade corresponds to the material with which the part is made Material type may be changed in the Gen tab of each part s Part Window This option lets the user choose whether or not they want a certain part shown on the main screen The subdivision of an entity or surface into one or more non overlapping primitives VSP User Manual 80 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 9 Modeling Example UV Button A type of Parent Child Relationship where the child s location follows a point on the surface of the parent Note this point can be adjusted with the sliders and or the number box to the right of the button Wire View This view shows the part in wire form which shows the different sections and cross sections implemented VSP User Manual 81 Version 1 7 92
24. 000 COn Aft Rho 0 5000 Inner Mold Line Inner Mold Line On T off i MAA Color E D a Dar IML Material E ee SIEM HEN osoo 0500 lt 05000 0 500 0 5000 0 500 E IML OML Figure 16 Fuselage Shape tab Global Shape Parameters These parameters define the basic qualities of the fuselage gt Note The more cross sections one adds the better the camber adjustment will be Inner Mold Line Definition Inner Mold Line IML is primarily used for jet transports to set a wall thickness and then see how much room is left inside the fuselage for passenger seats cargo or other equipment that will be stowed inside VSP User Manual 27 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 5 Designing the Fuselage Explanation To use IML first turn the IML on The on off buttons are just beneath the IML title bar in the Shape tab Select a color that will easily differentiate the inner mold line from the fuselage Then for each fuselage cross section set the target wall thickness the actual wall thickness will be shown to the right gt Note There are cases when these wall thickness values don t agree The IML function attempts to keep the aspect ratio of the cross section constant so the wall thickness might not always be constant The Modify variable beneath the Wall Thickness sliders allows the user to modify either the Inner Mold Line IML or
25. 8 Main Toolbar Features Mass Properties Mass Prop Awave SICE Mass Prop Structure Link Figure 49 Mass Properties option under Geometry Menu E Mass Properties Sele Mass Properties Num Slice 20 Figure 50 Mass Properties Window Mass Properties Num Slice specify the number of slices in the model The more slices there are the more accurate the results will be Compute Click to obtain results once the number of slices is specified Draw Cg places a graphical center of gravity on the model in the window Results Total Mass directly affected by the specified density of the part Cg X Y Z shows the calculated center of gravity positions on the X Y and Z scale VSP User Manual 54 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features I xx yy ZZ shows the calculated moment of inertias in the X Y and Z direction I xy XZ yz shows the cross products of the moments of inertia Aero Reference Aero Ref Scr Wave SICE Mass Prop Aero Ref Structure Link Figure 51 Aero Reference option under Geometry Menu is mae Bee Gere be fee AA leew Bp o Refresh M A C User i Area User E Span User el o en a MM Acro Reference Sele Figure 52 Aero Reference Window left and Coordinate System right Reference Comp Reference Comp select a specific component using the drop down menu Refresh updates the visual location in the window fo
26. B GROUP PARM Figure 60 Parameters Link Manager Window The Link option can be used to connect two parameters together so that any changes made to the model will not affect that connection For example consider if a engine is linked with the fuselage with respect to length at a certain distance along the fuselage from the end If the length of the fuselage is changed the engine will stay at that specific distance from the end despite the changes made In a similar manner a ratio of the length of the fuselage to the location of the engine can also be set Script Script Window Vorvieyv Script Window script Output Record Execute Clear All Play selection Save Script Figure 61 Script Window option in Scrip menu left and Scrip Window right VSP User Manual 62 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features Script Output US Vorview E Script Output Script window A script Output Quiet Mode Clear Close Figure 62 Script Output option in Scrip menu left and Scrip Output window right Vorview Edit The Edit option under the Vorview menu is shown in the figure below Input 1 Tab Base File Name Specify the name of the file of the figure being used Import Export cas Files use to import export case files to run in Vorlax Card 2 Solution LAX chordwise or steamwise spacing of vortices Setting this to 0 1s cosine spacing and setting the va
27. Cp click to calculate the surface coefficient of pressure Run VORLAX click to run Vorlax and receive results VSP User Manual 72 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features VORVIEW VspAircraft input Input2 Slice Control _Muamber of Sub Panets Jajaj 377 Cale Surtace cp Run VORLAX Pone TxXsecsurt Camber _ Sub Polys CScale l Slices Turn Off All Flat 0 001 0 001 0 225 0 451 2 260 surt Figure 67 Execute tab in Vorview window left and example of Vorlax result on MS Wing part right Display Xsec Surf click to show the original cross section surface Sub Polys displays the subdivided polygons on the cross section surface Slices displays the key slices on the cross section surface Camber shows the camber on the cross section surface The wheel next to Scale controls the size of the camber Turn Off All hides the Xsec Surf Sub Polys Slices and Camber from the figure Cp displays the difference in the coefficients of pressure Flat displays the Cp range for a flat plate approximation Surf displays the Cp range for the surface Color Bar use the wheels between Min and Mid and Mid and Max to define the color range VSP User Manual 73 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features Revert The Revert option on the main menu toolbar is similar to an undo button When clicked VSP will undo any changes made to the figure as long as
28. Geom Cowllen Len Eng Thrt gt 1 5000 HL Thrt Pp 3000 Fineness Aspect Ratios LipFR gt lt 1 9000 HW 2 1 0000 Up Surf 1 3000 Low Surf BER R 4 Figure 27 Engine Inlet tab Inlet Cowl Len The inlet length Area Ratios Eng Thrt The ratio of the inlet area to the fan faces area VSP User Manual 39 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 7 Additional Parts HL Thrt The ratio of tip area to the throat area Fineness Aspect Ratios Lip FR Determines where along the x axis the throat is located H W Adjusts the diameter of the cowling gt Note if the H W is set to a value other than 1 turn on the duct option otherwise a discontinuity will appear in the cowling Shape Factors Controls the tangent strength of the spine curves Rotations Angles X Rot Rotates the whole inlet about the X axis Scarf Rotates the face of the inlet about the Z axis VSP User Manual 40 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features File Menu Fe Window Vi Fie Window Vii al Window Vi Figure 28 Key items under File menu Insert This is most useful for building rotating groups of parts For example if a nacelle for a VTOL aircraft were needed it would be built in a separate VSP file and then imported to the main file When a file is inserted all of the parts in the inserted file become the children of a Blank part
29. ITRIM with a value of 2 this is the angle of attack that is used and it s also an array of NTRIM points EES VORVIEW VspAircraft Input 1 Slice Control Execute Card 3 Mach Numbers NMACH 1 XMACH ee UE E BS SE 5 0 50 0 750 1 250 0 000 0 000 in E Card 4 Alpha Numbers NALPHA 1 ALPHA E ae 1 000 2 000 5 000 0 000 0 000 MET E _ MRM 0 t 1 ALPHA_TRIM z See aE E 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 CMEPS 0001 REINF 0 000 IDRAG 0 REFLEN 1000 NUMREN 0 NUMMCH 0 Figure 64 Input 2 tab in Vorview Window CLTRIM for ITRIM with a value of 1 this is the desired C The default value is zero This is also an array of NTRIM points CMTRIM for ITRIM with a value of 1 or 2 this is the desired Cm The default value is zero and it is also an array of NTRIM points CMEPS the tolerance for convergence on CLTRIM gt Note The first control surface in the list is the one that will be used to trim gt Note you can set IAERO 1 in name list CARDS and the trim routine will use the Treffz plane value of CL VSP User Manual 68 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features Card 12 REINF free stream Reynolds number REFLEN reference length used to calculate REINF IDRAG when the value is 0 no viscous drag is calculated When the value is 1 a viscous drag calculation is performed gt Note if IDRAG is 1 and a stab control run is being run t
30. Joint 5 set Dihed 1 to 75 and Dihed 2 to 90 Double check to make sure you hit the Rotate Foil To Match Dihedral button for each joint so that the box is yellow 9 Choose the Sect tab 10 Access Section 6 and delete it by clicking Del 11 Insert one more section at the end after Section 5 with a Span of 0 2 12 Choose the Dihed tab For Joint 5 set Dihed 1 to 75 and Dihed 2 to 90 Make sure the Rotate Foil to Match Dihedral button 1s activated 13 Click the XForm tab Set Symmetry under the Transforms section to None mo RO TB VSP User Manual 25 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 4 Designing Wings Result A ninety degree turned pipe This can be rotated and moved to suit in the XForm tab The lengths of the various sections can be adjusted by changing their spans in the Sect tab Add more turns and whatever else is needed to finish the pipe An example of the turning pipe is shown below o AN ge yn lt W N AN Y i yr Y Ez SS SS N X Figure 15 Turning pipe example wireframe Hidden and shaded view VSP User Manual 26 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 5 Designing the Fuselage Shape Tab E Fuselage Geom Sele E FUSE Fuse 0 Global Ema pe Parms Length REE 0000 Camber lt 0 0000 CamberLoc gt i 0 5000 Aft Offset gt lt 0 0000 Nose Angle l A Nose Str lt 0 3000 On Nose Rho gt I lm 0 5
31. R Sa a Ideal CI A Fg os oe Figure 9 Multi section Wing Foil tab Multi Section MS Wings Section Sect Tab The section tab for an MS Wing is shown below Multi Section Wing Geom SEE MS_WING Ms_Wing_0 AI E Add Insert Copy _Paste Num Interpolated XSecs Num f 1 2 lt an gt Driver Span TC RC v AR TR Area Span gt lt 4 0000 tT Pp st 2 0000 RC oj lt Projected Span Sweep gt lt 65 0000 SweepLoc lt 0 0000 21 0000 Twist Reference Relative Twist gt lt 0 0000 TwistLoc lt 0 0000 Figure 10 Multi section Wing Sect tab VSP User Manual 18 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 4 Designing Wings Section ID Choose a section with which to work The section chosen will be highlighted with a red box on the main screen New sections may be added as needed However note that new sections will be added to the right of the currently selected section Number I nterpolated Cross Sections Num Interpolated XSecs Section Sect Increasing the number increases the amount of sections in the part selected However increasing the number of sections on slow computers will have a detrimental effect on the performance of VSP All Clicking on the arrows on either side of this field increases or decreases the number of sections in every part of the wing Section Planform Driver From this list the user may choose three out o
32. ain Toolbar Features gt Ms_Wing_0 documents and Settinga JR Desitop Nasa2007 4SP 1_5 vsp VapAltrciafit xm VSP 1 4 Vehicle Sketch Pad Figure 54 Multi Section Wing Figure 54 displays the multi section wing used in this example To add structural components select Geom Structure from the menu MS FEA Structure e ol Default Element Size 0 3500 Thickness Scale 1 0000 Section ID lt 0 Upper Skin METTET Export No Default Thickness 0 0500 Splice Line ID lt Splice Line Loc i Splices Click Window to Add Move Add Splice lt gt Delete 0 0300 0 8396 Export FEA Mesh Draw Mesh Figure 55 Skin Definition GUI VSP User Manual 57 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features Figure 55 shows the interface used to define the structure and in particular the upper skin thickness Default Element Size target edge size for the mesh Thickness Scale Scale the thickness of all ribs spars and skins Section ID Which wing section to edit 1 of 2 in this case Edit Tabs Select which part to edit ribs spars or skin Export no to remove the skin from the exported mesh Default thickness any area not covered by splice lines will get this thickness Density density of skin material Splice Lines Chord wise lines that define skin thickness Splice Line ID Choose which splice line to edit Splice Line Loc Location of line as a percentage of span per
33. ame Cancel Figure 2 Example of window to open a file The type of file that 1s being displayed can be managed next to Show by using the drop down menu For this example only af file extensions will be shown This will help to condense the amount of information that appears in the main window In order to search for specific files click on the periods placed before the backslash which is usually positioned at the top of the list It 1s outlined in red below Click on specific folder names placed before the backslash to open a folder Read Airfoil File Show af Favorites eA e Iw Preview l l Filename Documents and Settings OK lt Cancel Figure 3 Navigating between folders VSP User Manual 7 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 1 Getting Started Main Screen Rotate model Translate model Zoom model Center model in screen User Select views Preset Views Geom Browser Left mouse button Right mouse button Center mouse button or click scroll wheel or left and right buttons together for two button mouse c or View Center Menu Fl to F4 Hold Shift and Function Key to set press Function Key to view again FS to F12 Top Front Left Isometric etc Add a Part Select the part from the drop down list at the top of the Geom Browser Window then click Add Delete a Part Select Part from Part list then click Cut Modify a Part Select Part from Part Li
34. arts Engine Definition This feature is a pre built jet engine One can add an S Duct like on a L1011 or B727 center engine or like many fighter aircraft Engine Eng Nozzle Noz Duct Tab The tab to alter the geometry of the engine nozzle and duct of the engine is shown in the figure below VSP User Manual 37 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 7 Additional Parts MM Engine Geom Eat ENGINE Engine_0 RTip gt afi 5000 Hub RTip gt 0 5000 MaxwRTip gt gt 1 3000 Len RTip lt 4 0000 Length gt lt 2 0000 ExitiEng gt 2 0000 Figure 26 Engine Engine Nozzle Duct tab Engine Parameters RTip Defines the radius of the front fan Hub RTip The ratio of the bullet size to the fan size Max RTip The ratio of the outside cowling dimensions to the fan radius Len RTip The ratio of engine length to the fan radius Nozzle Parameters Length the length of the nozzle Exit Eng The ratio of the nozzle exit area to the engine area Duct Parameters On Off Toggle the intake duct with the two buttons VSP User Manual 38 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 7 Additional Parts X Off The distance forward to move the inlet Y Off The offset distance from the centerline of the engine Shape Adjust the Shape to change the turn of the inlet gt Note In order to offset the inlet in different directions in the YZ plane use X Rot under the X Form tab Inlet tab MM Engine
35. as necessary so that the wing overlaps the background picture Now adjust the shape of the wing to follow the picture in the background It may be advisable to resave the top view in order to line 1t up again after changing the wing A sample of the wing layout is shown below Figure 70 Top view of Cessna 210 and initial VSP wing Tails Now add the horizontal tail Insert another wing part Move it to the proper location and adjust the shape to line up with the picture For the vertical tail it 1s advisable to model the fuselage first To set the vertical tail insert a wing part Then under the XForm tab turn off the symmetry and give an X Rot of 90 to align it vertically For models with very long and faired tails such as this Cessna extend the vertical tail into the space where the fuselage will be this ensures a smooth transition between joints in the finished model The VSP model should appear as below VSP User Manual 75 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 9 Modeling Example Figure 71 Top and profile views of Cessna 210 with main wing vertical tail and tailplane Note the pronounced extension of the vertical tail into the fuselage space this will ensure a smooth transition between surfaces when the fuselage is added Fuselage Layout Now it is time to begin setting the fuselage For a very high fidelity model this will be the most time consuming part First set a background image of the side of the airplane
36. ass Attach to Parent There is a Parent Child Relationship that can be added to attach separate parts to each other See the Glossary pg 80 for more details Fixed The Fixed option allows XYZ attachment without the rotation component Mat Matrix attachment This allows the parent to control the rotation and movement of its corresponding child typical Parent Child relationship UV The UV option allows the parent shape to be modified and the position of the child to change for example attaching a pod to wing using UV then changing the sweep of the wing gt Note The UV attachment is based off of the trailing edge of the parent object To use the UV attachment select the child object and in the Transforms pane of the XForm tab click Rel Relative Now in the Gen tab select the UV box Note that V measures the child part s attachment from the trailing edge of the wing Adjusting the U slider moves the child part along the contours of the wing gt Note V controls where the child is attached to the parent This determines the line followed by the child when it is translated in the U direction along the parent For example if V is set to O or 1 then the child will move along the line that connects all of the points located on the trailing edge of the parent If V is set to some number in between 0 and 1 the child will become attached to some point along the curvature of the local airfoil Thus if V is set to 0 25 the
37. child will be attached halfway between the trailing and leading edges on the upper curve of the airfoil If V is set to 0 75 the child will be attached halfway between the leading and trailing edges on the lower curve of the airfoil If V is set to 0 5 the child will be attached to the leading edge of the airfoil So basically each airfoil is like a closed circuit starting from V 0 and ending at V 1 gt Note On a wing if U is placed at zero then the attached child will not follow the shape of the foil VSP User Manual 12 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 2 ntro to Modeling in VSP Tessellation Users may add more cross sections and points to the edges of each cross section to make the model more accurate but those with slow computers will not wish to add too many as this will begin to slow down the computer Export This is a list of default names that may satisfactorily identify the part that is being created The name chosen is what the part will export as Some other programs into which parts may be imported may only look for these specific names when attempting to import a part thus the nomenclature is important Cross Section Formation XForm Tab This tab allows the designer to change various scaling and position aspects of the part being modified MM Pod Geom gt 0 0000 gt lt 0 0000 Rot Orig X lt 0 0000 Symmetry None v Scale Factor
38. default sources Figure 45 Example aircraft mesh approximately 250 000 triangles AWAVE Slicing Awave Slice The Slice tool is useful in determining the area distribution along the aircraft For example the designer may want to have the cross sectional area distributed in a bell curve to minimize compressibility drag A menu will pop up to choose how many slices are desired as shown below VSP User Manual 52 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features Modify CompGeom Mesh CFO Mesh Ayu a YE j Mass Prop Aero Ref Structure Link Figure 46 Awave Slicing option under the Geometry menu E AWAVE Slicing SE Plane Cone O AAWE Output File slice bd E Slice Angle 4 Rotation Sections 6 Start Slicing Figure 47 Awave slicing options for sample BWB model Once the parameters are set click Start Slicing This command also writes a file to the directory of the vsp exe named slice txt When the slice txt file is opened it will list the area distribution in two columns X and Area These data may be ported to a spreadsheet program such as Excel to create charts that visually show the area distribution of the aircraft as shown below 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 X plane Coordinates Figure 48 Area distribution results for sample BWB model VSP User Manual 53 Version 1 7 92 Chapter
39. e cross sections on both sides of the cross section selected Num 1 2 Adjusts the cross sections on only one side Cross Section XSec Tab This tab is the most important of the available fuselage options Here one may add cross sections and change their shapes One can make any fuselage shape merely by adding more cross sections to get more accurate representations Cross Section I D ID This field allows the designer to choose which fuselage cross section is to be modified Location This slider controls where the selected cross section 1s located Moving the slider towards zero brings the cross section forward and increasing the location value moves the cross section rearward Z Offset This slider controls the location of the cross section along the z axis VSP User Manual 29 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 5 Designing the Fuselage Add Cut Copy and Paste Buttons Add inserts an identical cross section to the right of the current cross section Cut removes the current cross section Copy copies the current cross section Paste will take the previously Cut or Copied cross section and replace the current one with it E Fuselage Geom FUSE Fuse_0 Gen XForm Shape Profile XSec Gross secnonio 1 gt Location 0 2500 Z Offset gt lt 0 0000 Add Cut Copy Paste Type Elipse TIE Height gt lt 3 0000 Width gt lt 2 5000 Width Offset Corner Rad
40. e lighting and the amount of shadow detail available will depend in part upon the Diffuse value Specificity Spec The specificity of the selected lights influences the amount of highlight detail present in the model A low specificity will yield a very monotone model with little highlight detail Lighting T Light 0 F Light 3 F Light 1 F Light 4 F Light 2 l Light 5 Figure 31 Lighting Window VSP User Manual 43 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features Labels Ruler This feature places the dimensions of a part on the model at the given axis offset precision in decimal places units and color Text This feature allows the user to place a text label at any spot on the model and customize 1t with color and offset gt Note The name of the text will be what is written on the object Notes for both gt Note The dimensions and text stay on the main window even when no objects are present gt Note The dimensions and text are cut if the points to which they are attached are cut but the labels do not copy and paste Once the points are cut the labels are gone gt Note To remove a label select it from the Label Objects pane and click Remove Name j O BZ a 1 Size 15 i Hide Simple Full Sel All Remove Figure 32 Ruler Text option in Labels Window View Menu Preset Views The pre programmed views for VSP along with their hot keys are Top F5
41. es not accept input data from the user the displayed data will change as the parameters below it are changed For example selecting NACA 4 series from the drop down box and changing the Camber Camber Loc and Thick sliders will change the name of the NACA airfoil that is displayed in this field This allows designers to see which airfoil name corresponds to their selected parameters or assists in quickly setting the shape of the airfoil to be used if the name of the airfoil is already known Invert Y This button inverts the airfoil about the Y axis and can be toggled on or off Type Set the 2D airfoil shape There is a drop down list to choose the airfoil type Read File There is an option to import an airfoil file with an af extension These files define points that VSP will spline to make the curves of the airfoil Adjustments Below the drop down box and Read File button are parameters that may be changed to modify the selected airfoil Which parameters are active will depend on the type of airfoil selected gt Note At no time will all of the slider bars be active simultaneously VSP User Manual 17 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 4 Designing Wings MM Multi Section Wing Geom SEE MS_WING Ms_Wing_0 Gen XForm Plan Sect Dihed Foil 4 0 Name _Jnaca 3308 Invert Y Type NACA 4 Series v Read File Camber gt lt 0 0298 Camber Loc gt lt 0 3478 lt 0 0800 Thick gt Thick Loc CANNE
42. f the six parameters to define the specific wing section The user must select which of the six slider bars become available For instance selecting Span TC RC will allow the user to change the Span Tip Chord TC and Root Chord RC sliders just below the Driver drop down box but will not allow them to change the Aspect Ratio AR Taper Ratio TR and Area sliders gt Note There is no way to have all six sliders active at the same time This is because VSP is parametric and changing the characteristics of the active set of drivers will by necessity change the inactive set in some fashion Sweep and Twist Choose any angle from 85 to 85 degrees for the specific section Also the sweep or twist location can be chosen O being the leading edge and 1 being the trailing edge This is the location at which the sweep angle is measured Dihedral Angle of Planes Dihed The tab shown below in Figure 9 is only seen in a MS Wing part Joint ID Choose which joint is to be modified VSP User Manual 19 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 4 Designing Wings Dihed 1 Adjusts the dihedral angle between the center and the joint of choice 360 to 360 degrees Dihed 2 Adjusts the angle between the selected joint and the next joint or the tip of the wing 360 to 360 degrees MM Multi Section Wing Geom SE Dihedral Reference Relative Jointm jaf o Dihed 1 lt 0 0000 5 0000 0 0000 0 0000
43. figure shows the panel used to control grid density during the meshing process This panel is accessed from the Geom menu under CFD Mesh Max Edge Len Target edge length all triangles not covered by sources Adjust Len Adjust the target length of all sources Adjust Rad Adjust the affect radius of all sources Comp Select the component to edit sources Sources are attached to components in parametric UW space Add Default Sources Press this button to add pre defined sources for the current component VSP User Manual 49 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features Sources List of sources for this component Select source to edit Add Source Add a new source to the current component Use the pull down selector to choose the type of source Delete Source Delete the current source Name Edit the name of the current source Length Enter the target triangle edge length Radius Enter the affect radius of the source U W Slider Set the position and size of the source Intersect creates a single body out of many components It will determine which component is inside or outside e g wing inside a fuselage Mesh Single Comp places a mesh on a single component Mesh All places a mesh on all the components Export Final Mesh exports a real mesh that is accurate and water tight for CFD analysis The file is exported as a NASCART GT format file Show Sources shows hides the sources in the mesh Show Mes
44. h shows hides the mesh Figure 42 shows the three source types currently available The point source sets a target triangle length at a single point and affects a surrounding sphere that is defined by the source radius The effects of the three sources can be seen in Figure 43 Figure 44 shows an example aircraft with all default sources added Figure 43 shows the resulting grid after the target edge length were reduced using the Max Edge Len input and the Adjust Len buttons The mesh in Figure 45 was rendered in MeshLab an open source mesh visualizer VSP User Manual 50 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features E VSP 1 4 1 25 08 File Window View Geom Script Vorview ExtXML Help File Name VspAiroraftxml VSP 14 Vehicle Sketch Pad Figure 42 Source types a Lx 1 4 1 25 08 File Window View Geom Script Vorview ExtXML Help LISAS AAY a SES Cy ANN AY NS A ASS AY ALEIDA RYAN LS ANALIZA SAN v4 COPE SVT Bee ee AA Pas ae K s 3 7 NA Ay J SE T es A a ay s jst BADIA AVES Seas M LLAS REO S ines OA ee TERA UAVS RANE AAN DOKI ORI AINNIS DIRA KIN VA File Name VspAiroattxm VSP 14 Vehicle SketchPad Figure 43 Grid density based on sources in Figure 42 VSP User Manual 51 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features cuments and Settings JR Desidop Nasa2007 SP 1 3 1 vspfexp_10_24xml VSP 1 4 Vehicle Sketch Pad Figure 44 Example aircraft with
45. he drag used in the S amp C calculations will be the TOTAL drag Cdi Cdf NUMREN number of Reynolds numbers in Mach Re Cl Cd table NUMMCH number of Mach numbers in Mach Re ClI Cd table Slice Tab Auto Slice Auto Find places a key slice wherever a slope discontinuity in the shape occurs Auto Eliminate removes any unnecessary key slices Auto Merge combines any key slices placed closely together Auto Slice places interpolated slices throughout the structure Auto All will simultaneously Auto Find Auto Eliminate Auto Merge and Auto Slice Flat Plate approximates a 2D geometry from the figure Swap XY interchanges X and Y values Reset will restore the original conditions VSP User Manual 69 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features VORVIEW VspAircraft Input 1 Input 2 Control Execute Auto Find Auto Eliminate Flat Plate Auto Merge Swap XY Auto Slice Auto All Reset Add Key Slice Enable Y lt _ gt 0 8171 Add Symmetry Edit Key Slice Select Key Slice d 0 YA gt 0 0000 Num Region Slices 4 Foz Delete Figure 65 Slice tab in Vorview window left and example of Key slices in MS Wing part right Add Key Slice Enable places a key slice at the centroid and allows for the location to be adjusted The enabled key slice with be outlined in bright red Y slider allows for the location of the enabled slice to be adjusted alo
46. iness The fineness ratio 1s the ratio of length to width A smaller fineness ratio denotes a wider store Cd Flat Plate This parameter is for VSP s aerodynamic analysis tools Enter the Cd of the store as if the store were equivalent to a flat plate Equivalent flat plate area drag computes the drag of a flat plate at 90 deg angle of attack with a similar frontal area Pylon Choose between on and off Height Choose the height of the pylon that attaches the external store to the aircraft Cd Flat Plate Equivalent flat plate area drag compares the drag to a flat plate at 90 deg angle of attack with a similar frontal area same as that which is under the Type part of this section Blank Definition A Blank component is added as the ultimate parent in the parent child relationship It can be added as the parent of all of the inserted parts attached to it This allows all inserted parts to be moved and rotated as one See Insert under Advanced Features below for more information Duct Definition This part is a duct for use in a ducted propeller Shape Tab This tab adjusts the length inlet diameter and the ratio between the inlet and outlet diameters Inlet Outlet This adjusts the ratio of the duct s inlet area to outlet area When set to 1 0 the inlet and outlet are of identical diameter for values larger than 1 0 the duct s inlet will be larger than its outlet and vice versa VSP User Manual 33 Version 1 7
47. inputting the numbers next to the sliders Set the sweeps of each section to zero Access Section 1 and set the Span to 4 0 Go into the Dihed tab There are 2 joints 0 and 1 Select Joint O using the arrows next to Joint ID a set Dihed 1 to 0 and Dihed 2 to 90 b Set Attach 1 to 1 and Attach 2 to 0 5 c Set both Tangent Strengths to 0 5 Select Joint 1 using the arrows next to Joint ID a Set Dihed 1 to 90 and Dihed 2 to 180 b Set Attach 1 to 0 5 and Attach 2 to 1 c Set both Tangent Strengths to 0 5 Result Inside the main window there should now be a Ring Wing similar to the one shown below This actually is how the Duct part works inside of the program Figure 14 Ring wing example wireframe and shaded view VSP User Manual 24 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 4 Designing Wings Turning Pipe Now this following example could be useful in laying out V STOL aircraft to show ducting running through the aircraft For this example the airfoil of a circle will be used This file may be opened in Notepad and or Excel for editing Remember to save the file as af 1 Open the Geom Browser and Add a MS Wing 2 Open the Multi Section Wing Geom Browser and select the Section Sect tab 3 Each wing section can be accessed by using the arrows next to Section ID Delete the two outer sections sections 1 and 2 by hitting Del There should be one section left section 0 4 Under the Secti
48. int ZBAR Ordinate of moment reference point VSP User Manual 65 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features WSPAN Total wing span Card 8 LTAIL the distance in feet from the wing quarter chord C 4 to the quarter chord of horizontal tail measured in the free stream X direction Z TAIL the distance in feet from the wing quarter chord to the quarter chord of the horizontal tail measured in vertical Z direction SWPWNG the sweep of the wing s leading edge CDMACH the aerodynamic drag coefficient ISTAB when the value is 1 it performs a stability derivative calculation IAERO when the value is 0 it uses the values of the pressure integrated Cy and Cp default When the value is 1 the Trefftz plane values of Cr and Cp are used CDO the parasitic drag coefficient which is based on drag due to zero lift Card 9 IBURST a value of 1 will turn on the Vortex Burst model XREF the location in x of the start of the vortex ANGCRT the critical angle If the leading edge sweep of the panel is less than ANGCRT the Vortex Burst model is not applied This can be used in cases where the Vortex Burst model should be applied to a delta wing but perhaps no to some other lifting surface canard etc that while behind the starting vortex point and meeting the vortex point and in the vortex region The default is 0 degrees CK 1 the default value is 1 CK2 the default value is O CK1 and CK2 are matchi
49. ion Formation XForm Tab oooccnnccnncccnnccnnccnnoccnoncnnaronaronancnonccnnacanironoso 13 Chapter 3 Designing a Pod PAP II 15 Chapter 4 Designing Wings A PP E A 16 Plano lan TaD 16 A A AA EE E II A 17 AU secuon MS a A o O On 18 SCUO SOO al Ee ane ane enna E ae nee 18 Dihedral Angle of Planes Dihed erosiones david 19 Bly Dire Wins Bodies HWB assi E 21 SECON Go Re Taranto ee 21 TN E PPP OU SR o IS A 22 STIS E IE E E E E S E A 24 AA 24 is A o o 25 Chapter 5 Designing the Fuselage Sae L b MO AP A Eo 27 Prot A Dee a A A E E AAAA A EAA E 28 Os CoE ye O ASEO La Dorian R 29 Chapter 6 Introduction to HAVOC Do AA o PO ES E E EAEE A AE A A R 31 VSP User Manual 3 Version 1 7 92 Table of Contents Chapter 7 Additional Parts External Store EXE STOTE ao oleones 32 A e o o A R 32 BUO cE AA A 33 PA A 33 DU UN nn e A A 33 DA AAA O Ie e PE oo O E II 33 O A o A ion as eouoasceoveresnaseacseeeeses 33 A A e o Pr O OOO II 34 Propeller Pron nac apar ai 35 ADS Tae E E E E E E E E EE E tates 35 O A A ee ee ete 36 Poa sh acide A A cM areas ileus nea stouanes 37 o pe soe pee ONU E EE e 37 D E ENUE O e Reem tt nen RT RAC A E te E E 37 Engine Eng Nozzle Noz Duct Tab cccoooononnncnnnnncncnononoccnnnnnnnnnnonanonnncnnnnnnnnnanos 37 o AAA PP IA 39 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features ES MIO aportan otero EE dile ndice 41 A e e E ES PEE O OO Eu a 41 e O O PO O o II es svdsnemancs cesoeesses 41
50. is section Delete Spar Delete the current red spar Thickness Set spar thickness Density Set spar material density Position Set spar position percent span for this section Sweep Abs Sweep absolute from perpendicular to root chord of section Sweep Rel Sweep relative to leading edge sweep Trim At Section Border Check this box to trim spar at section boundaries Outboard section spars will always trim at the inboard section boundary VSP User Manual 59 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features MM VSP 1 4 3 13 09 _ Thickness 01000 Density _ _ _ 1 0000 Postion AAA f 95010 Sweep Abs Rel 0 0000 Trim At Section Border _ _ _ _ _ ee Export FEA Mesh Draw Mesh Write Results Wrote Calculix File teageom dat Wrote Calcullx File teanodethick dat NASTRAN File NASTRAN cat Total Mass 17 217031 Finished ROS and Settin geUR D esktop Nasa2007 VSP 1_Sivap VepAiretatt am VSP 1 4 Vehicle Sketch Pad i Figure 57 Final Mesh Figure 57 shows the mesh resulting from pushing the Export FEA Mesh button Several files are exported after the meshing is completed feageom dat The mesh geometry for Calculix 6 node triangles and 8 node quads feanodethick dat Thickness of each node for Calculix NASTRAN dat geometry for NASTRAN feamess dat Mass of the ribs spar and skins based in the input densities
51. lue to 1 1s equal spacing HAG Height above ground for ground effect If the value is O then no ground effect calculation is performed ISWEEP when this value is 0 it runs all the alpha mach cases inputted This means it computes a matrix of runs When the value is 1 it only runs the diagonal cases of the matrix and NMACH and NALPHA must be the same For example If NMACH NALPHA 5 the following input XMACH 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 ALPHA 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 VSP User Manual 63 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features VORVIEW VspAircraft Input 2 Slice Control Execute Base File Name VspAircraft aes Import cas File Export cas File Card 2 Solution SPC 1 000 FLOATX 0000 FLOATX 0 000 ROLLQ yawa 0 000 VINF 1 000 7150 000 XBAR 2500 ZBAR oo TAPER 0400 WSPAN 133 697 CBAR 0000 o Card 8 LTAIL 15 000 ISTAB 0 ZTAIL 5 000 IAERO 0 SWPWNG 0 000 cbo 0 000 0 000 IBURST 0 CK1 1 000 XREF 0 000 CK2 0 000 ANGCRT 0 000 IAC 0 ACEPS 0 000 Figure 63 Edit option in Vorview Menu left and Vorview Window right Will not run the 5 x 5 matrix but instead only the cases below XMACH ALPHA 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 3 0 0 4 4 0 gt Note Do not try to perform the Neutral Point analysis IAC 1 with ISWEEP 1 because the calculations do not work out correctly ITRMAX Maximum number of Gauss Seidell Iterations IDETAIL controls the am
52. measured and read the length of the fuselage in the Shape tab of the part window When symmetry is turned on for a part and then that part is edited the other half of the part may not adjust To remedy this change the axis of symmetry under the Xform tab and then change it back This forces a recalculation and will correct the problem VSP User Manual 79 Version 1 7 92 Glossary Bullet Finess Ratio Fixed Offset Button Geom Browser Window Hidden View IML Main Screen Parent Child Relationship Part List Part Window Shade View Show or No Show Tessellation The hub on the center of the fan for a jet engine Ratio of length to width A type of Parent Child Relationship where the child s location 1s a fixed offset from the parent The window that has the list of parts This view shows the part s sections but only those which are on the outside of the object as a whole Inner Mold Line For fuselage wall thickness This 1s the window that displays the Model It is titled with the version of VSP that 1s currently being executed A method of attaching one part to another When selected the child part will move when the parent part moves To connect a child part to a parent select the child part in the Geom Browser window click Cut select the parent part and click Paste The new child part should be shifted over by 2 minus signs to show the relationship Then in the child s Part Menu
53. model around the screen View Keys The Function Keys at the top of the key board are for preset views F1 through F4 are user defined views To set a user defined view adjust the model on the Main Screen then hold the Shift key and push the desired function key To come back to that view later simply push that function key The preset views in VSP are as follows Key Preset View F5 Top F6 Front F7 Left FS Left Isometric F9 Bottom F10 Back F11 Right F12 Right Isometric The c key has two functions the first is to center the model in the Main Screen the second is to resize the view from the F5 through F12 keys For instance a fuselage is added and its default size is 30 for a small UAV Pressing one of the function keys for a preset view will give a view that is zoomed out too far to see any detail of the aircraft When the c key is pressed VSP automatically zooms in to fill the Main Screen with the model gt Note The function keys F1 F12 can only be used when the main screen is selected or if the mouse is hovering over the main screen VSP User Manual 9 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 2 Intro to Modeling in VSP Adding a Part Let s get into building a model The first step is to add a part At the top of the Geom Browser Window select the part type from the pull down list For the following example select POD Then click the Add button to the left of the Parts window to insert the part Figure 1 below
54. ng factors The vortex burst model takes the form DCP 1 CK1 F x Cl CK2 Where DCP is the delta CP x is the distance from the start of the vortex and Cl is the total CL determined from Vorlax without vortex burst If a subpanel VSP User Manual 66 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features on the model has a DCP less than the above prediction the vortex is assumed to have burst and DCP is set to zero for that subpanel Hence CK1 and CK2 can be used to adjust the slope and intercept of the prediction for DCP Card 10 IAC a value of 1 will turn on the auto calculation of aerodynamic center ACEPS the tolerance for convergence on the aerodynamic center The default value is 0 0001 Input 2 Tab Card 3 Mach Numbers NMACH Number of Mach numbers to be analyzed XMACH NMACH number of Mach numbers Card 4 Alpha Numbers NALPHA Number of angle of attacks to be analyzed ALPHA NALPHA number of angles degrees Card 11 Trim ITRIM a value of 1 will turn on the auto trim This will find alpha and the control delta such that CLTRIM and CMTRIM are matched A value of 2 will turn on the auto trim so that it will find a control delta such that CMTRIM is matched The first alpha in the alpha array 1s used and C falls out NTRIM number of trim alphas C s and C s in ALPHA_TRIM CLTRIM AND CMTRIM ARRAYS VSP User Manual 67 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features ALPHA_TRIM for
55. ng the Y direction Add locks the enabled key slice into position Symmetry will place a key slice mirrored with respect to the enabled key slice Edit Key Slice Select Key Slice use the arrow buttons to select a specific key slice to edit The key slice will be highlighted in pink gt Note If the symmetry button is activated above two key slices will be highlighted in pink VSP User Manual 70 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features Y slider use the arrow buttons to specify a new location or manually input a value in the box to the right Num Region Slices increase decrease the number of interpolated slices by using the arrow buttons The interpolated slices will be updated towards the middle of the figure between two key slices The minimum number is 2 Note the single arrow button will update the number of interpolated slices in steps of 1 and the double arrow buttons will update the number of interpolated slices in steps of 5 Delete deletes whichever key slice 1s shown next to Select Key Slice If the symmetry button is activated two key slices will be deleted Control Tab VORVIEW VspAlrcraft Input Input Slice Execute Create Control Surfaces Car U Anm ao smn am x Chad 025 Hinge MATI Create Poe vi Add Delate Control Surfaces Trap Humber a 0 Add Del Control Surf Sas So y na S Figure 66 Control tab in Vorview window left and example
56. ns are changed Dihedral specify the dihedral angle of the wing VSP User Manual 21 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 4 Designing Wings E Hybrid Wing Body Geom Ea Gen XForm Plan Sect Fillet Foil fo gt Add Insert Copy Paste Del_ Total Num Secs 3 Num Interpolated b 1m Filleted Tip Chord ry lt 4 0000 12 0000 21 0000 Filleted Root Chord Projected Span Sweep gt 65 0000 SweepLoc lt 0 0000 Twist gt lt 0 0000 TwistLoc lt 0 0000 Dihedral lt 0 0000 Figure 12 Section Tab in HWB part Fillet Tab Joint ID Choose which joint is to be modified Deg Per Seg for all listed below Determines how smooth the blend is between sections 1 degree is very smooth 30 degrees is less smooth This is the angle of each segment added 5 degree sweep per segment 10 degree sweep per segment etc Sweep Fillets Span 1 Blends the two sections connected by the joint selected in the XY plane of the front edge This adds swept segments along the percentage length of the span selected 1 e a larger percent span selected means that more segments will be added VSP User Manual 22 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 4 Designing Wings MM Hybrid Wing Body Geom E EJ HWB Hwb_1 Gen XForm Plan Sect Fillet Foil Joint ID D Sweep Fillets
57. on Planform box set the Span to 4 0 the TC tip chord and RC root chord to 1 0 and the Sweep to 0 5 Choose the Foil tab and read in the circle airfoil file for the two airfoil sections Access each airfoil section by using the arrows next to Airfoil a Upload the circular airfoil by clicking on the Read File button and finding the circular af file wherever it 1s saved Double click it and VSP should read in the airfoil of a circle b Do this step for both Airfoil O and 1 c The result should look like a cylinder 6 Go to the Sect tab and Insert six more sections each with a span of 0 2 a Click Insert once and the Total Num Secs box should display 2 b Access Section 1 and change the span to 0 2 c Click Insert five more times until the Total Num Secs box displays 7 d Check to make sure Sections 1 through 6 have spans of 0 2 7 Choose the Dihed tab 8 For all joints listed below change the Dihed angles Make sure to select the Rotate Foil To Match Dihedral button for each joint so that the box is yellow Access each joint by using the arrow buttons next to Joint ID For Joint O set Dihed 1 to O and Dihed 2 to 15 For Joint 1 set Dihed 1 to 15 and Dihed 2 to 30 For Joint 2 set Dihed 1 to 30 and Dihed 2 to 45 For Joint 3 set Dihed 1 to 45 and Dihed 2 to 60 For Joint 4 set Dihed 1 to 60 and Dihed 2 to 75 For
58. ount of information presented in the Vorlax Output window A value of 0 will present a summary of the input values and the results A value of 1 will present a detailed list of the results VSP User Manual 64 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features SPC Leading edge suction vortex multiplier The corresponding cases for various SPC values are shown below SPC Case 1 00 100 leading edge suction 0 25 25 leading edge suction 1 00 100 vortex lift Polhamus analogy 0 25 25 vortex lift Polhamus analogy FLOATX Longitudinal vortex wake flotation factor FLOATY Lateral Vortex wake flotation factor Card 5 Flight Condition LATRAL Asymmetric flight configuration flag When the value is 0 it symbolizes symmetric flight and configuration When the value is 1 it symbolizes asymmetric flight and or configuration PSI Sideslip angle in units of degrees PITCHQ Pitch rate in units of degrees second Positive pitch is directed upwards ROLLQ Roll rate in units of degrees second Positive roll is directed leftwards which 1s negative of normal Q YAWO Yaw rate in units of degrees second Positive yaw is directed leftwards which is negative of normal R VINF Reference free stream velocity Card 6 Geometry SREF Reference area for force and moment coefficients AR Aspect Ratio TAPER Taper ratio of the wing CBAR Pitching moment coefficient reference length XBAR Abscissa of moment reference po
59. r the aerodynamic center and center of gravity depending upon the specify reference component picked VSP User Manual 55 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features M A C the mean aerodynamic chord for the wing Area the area of the body which can be updated manually Span the span of the wing which can be updated manually Aero Center a C X Y Z displays the aerodynamic centers of the model in the X Y and Z direction Center of Gravity Ref select where the center of gravity is referenced from either the Aircraft or the Static Margin c g X Y Z displays the center of gravity of the model in the X Y and Z direction Structural Modeling Modify CompGeom Mesh CFD Mesh Awave Slice Mass Prop Aero Ref Structure Figure 53 The Structure option under the Geometry menu Currently only multi section wings are supported for structural modeling The code allows the modeling of rib spars and wing skins and may be accessed by clicking Structure under the Geom menu The thickness of the skins can be defined using chord wise thickness definition lines called splice lines The resulting mesh is written toa NASTRAN geometry file using CTRIA6 and CQUADS elements Files are also generated that are compatible with the open source FEA code called Calulix Also the weight of the defined structure will be computed and exported to a file VSP User Manual 56 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 M
60. section Splices Thickness definition points Add Splice Press this button to add a splice then click in the edit window below to position splice Hold left mouse button to move lt gt Changes which splice to edit Delete Delete the current edit splice in red Splice Edit Window Press left mouse button to select closest splice Hold mouse button to move the splice Thickness set thickness of current splice Position set position of current splice percent chord Export FEA Mesh press this button to perform intersection and meshing operations Depending on the element size this could take several minutes or more Draw Mesh Display the final exported mesh Turn off to restore the edit display VSP User Manual 58 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features o e a l File Window View Geom Script Vorview ExtXML Revert Help FEA Structure Default Element Size l 0 3500 Thickness Scale 1 0000 al Add Spar lt 1 gt Delete spar Thickness 0 1000 Density 1 0000 Postion fim 0 7114 Sweep Abs Rel 00000 Trim At Section Border ooo documents and Settin gslJRiDedtop Nasa2007 VSP 1_S vep VspAirceatt mt VSP 1 4 Vehicle Sketch Pad Export FEA Mesh Draw Mesh e e Figure 56 Spar Editor Figure 56 shows the spar editor Spar ID Select the current spar to edit Remember only spars in this section are available Add Spar Add a spar to th
61. st The Part Window will appear Wire View Select Part from Part List or Select All Sel All then click Wire See Glossary Hidden View Select Part from Part List or Select All Sel AIL then click Hidden See Glossary Shaded View Select Part from Part List or Select All Sel All then click Shade See Glossary Show or No Show Select Part from Part List then click Show or No Show See Glossary Selecting All Children Hold down Alt while choosing a parent and the children of this parent will be selected VSP User Manual 3 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 1 Getting Started Basics Mouse Buttons The first and most important thing to learn about VSP is how to use the mouse Click and hold each mouse button to engage that button s function and release the button to disengage the function For example the left button rotates the model around in the Main Screen as the left mouse button remains held and the user drags the mouse the model will continue to rotate in the Main Screen towards the direction that the mouse 1s being dragged The middle button on the mouse controls zoom Note that only moving the mouse forward or backward will activate the zoom when the zoom button s are pressed moving the mouse side to side will have no effect For mice with a scroll wheel click and hold the scroll wheel to activate the middle button functions The right mouse button translates the
62. t once In the Main Screen is the menu Window It lists One Four Two Horizontal and Two Vertical as options The default window split is One Four is all four views top front left left isometric Two Horizontal is two views side by side Two Vertical is one view on top of the other The mouse and functions keys are used in the same manner as with One view To use the Function Keys just click on the desired view then press the Function Key Background Picture The background picture is useful when modeling a specific aircraft as it allows the user to line up the design model directly with the background image to ensure that the shapes are correct Only JPEG jpg files may be used as background pictures To set the background picture select the Main Window and click the Window menu Select Background after which another menu appears The background color can be selected using the RGB sliders note that when in multi view the background color of each view pane can be adjusted independently Below the color sliders is a button named JPEG Image Clicking this button opens another window through which the user can search for the desired background image Select the desired background image and click OK to set Sometimes the background image will be skewed There are 2 options to remedy this The first option to try is to make a new jpg image in Photoshop or a similar photo editing program The second is to use the button lt
63. that is the parent This way when the user needs to rotate the entire nacelle the user would only need to rotate the Blank parent part and all the child parts will move and or rotate with it The rotation point is about the origin of the file in which parts were assembled After the parts are inserted the Attach Matrix button in the Gen tab is selected This locks all the parts together so that when the Blank parent part is rotated all of the child parts will rotate with it Import One can import information in different file formats too Currently the program supports two file formats Sterolith file stl and NASCART file bodyin dat Export Files may also be exported as well Currently the following formats are supported Felisa file fel Cross Section XSec file hrm Sterolith file stl Rhino3D file 3dm NASCART file bodyin dat TecPlot file plt STecPlot file plt and Persistence of Vision Raytracer pov VSP User Manual 41 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features Window Menu One One One One Four Four Four Four Two Horizontal Two Vertical Background Two Horizontal Two Vertical Background Two Horizontal Two vertical Background Two Horizontal Two Vertical Background Lighting Labels Lighting Figure 29 Key items under Window Menu Window Split The window split feature allows the user to see more than one view of the model a
64. uch as length width chord etc are given only as relative scalars This feature allows designers to quickly model aircraft without worrying about conversion errors whatever measurement system the designer normally thinks in can translate directly to the design However care should be taken when modeling an aircraft using parts that have been imported from other sources as the designer of the imported part may have been thinking in a different measurement system than the final vehicle designer All Parts The first two tabs are the same for all of the available parts The part POD is used as an example in the following figures General Parameters Gen Tab The General Parameters tab of the part window is shown below E Pod Geom DE POD Pod_0 XForm Design Material Default ba ma o GA Color a o ip E 255 1 Attach To Parent 0 0000 Fixed y mat y Y U vii 0 0000 Tesselation Num XSecs 11 Num Points _ _ 2 _ Enable MOST TIC Enable Default Name No Default v Figure 5 Parts Window for a Pod VSP User Manual 11 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 2 ntro to Modeling in VSP Name Material amp Color Select a name and color that are easy to remember and helps to differentiate similar parts These are especially useful when building very complex models consisting of many parts The material for the part may also be selected such as aluminum or gl
65. w Menu VSP User Manual 45 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features Texture ew r Top F5 Front F6 Left Side F7 Left Isa F8 Bottom F9 Rear F10 _Surtaca Right Side F11 e Right lso F 12 mm Center c e Alias Lines Figure 35 Texture option in View Menu left and Texture A texture in tga format can be added to an object gt Note Select the object in the Geom Browser and click on Texture to view the texture on said object Name Change the name of the texture so it can be recognized if later adjustments are needed Position Move texture laterally U and longitudinally W Scale Adjust the size of the texture laterally U and longitudinally W Bright Adjust the brightness of the individual textures Alpha Adjust the transparency of the individual textures Flip Many different flip options to make sure that the object is placed correctly and reflected correctly Repeat Used to repeat the texture continuously across the object Surf Select surface on which to apply repeat texture VSP User Manual 46 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features Geometry Tools Geom Menu Modify CcompGeorn Mesh CFO Mesh Awave Slice Mass Prop Aero Ref structure Link Figure 36 Modify option under the Geometry menu When Modify is chosen under Geom the program switches the selected window from the main screen to the Geometric bro
66. wser This is done so that the user can then choose which part s he or she wishes to modify Component Geometry CompGeom CompGeom Mesh CFO Mesh Amare Slice Mass Prop Aero Ret structure Link Figure 37 Component Geometry option under the Geometry menu The Component Geometry is a tool that calculates the areas and volumes of all the parts in the model It also creates a mesh of the model This command writes a file to the directory of the vsp exe file It is named comp_geom txt There are four columns of data 1n the file Theo_Area Wet_Area Theo_ Vol and Wet_Vol The primary difference between the Theoretical and the Wetted is that the Wetted is trimmed For example when a wing intersects the fuselage there are area and volume inside the fuselage The wetted area and volume inside the fuselage are subtracted from the theoretical values VSP User Manual 47 Version 1 7 92 Chapter 8 Main Toolbar Features E Comp Geom Comp Geom Results Results also written to comp qeom txt Comp Geom 1 Num Comps 1 Total Num Meshes 360 Total Num Tris Theo_Area Wet _Area Theo _Yol Wet_Yol Name 30 30 30 309 223 8 223 P 30 309 30 309 8 223 8 223 Totals WaterTight Check Before Edge Swap and Needle Removal Min Edge Length 0 045062 Min Angle 2 372564 Max Angle 92 578308 After Edge Swap and Needle Removal Min Edge Length 0 045062 Min Angle 2 372564 Max Angle 92 578308 Mesh I5 WaterTight

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