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MathType 5.0 Manual

1. 0 4 1 cos 20 You ll see that the new equation is numbered 1 3 and the following equation number and its reference have been renumbered to 1 4 Your document should now look like the example at the start of this tutorial Whenever you insert an equation number or an equation reference all numbers in the document are updated However if you move or delete an equation number you must use the Update Equation Numbers command on the MathType menu to regenerate the number sequence Also be aware that deleting an equation number does not automatically delete any of its references you ll have to do this yourself You can find them by using the Update Equation Numbers command which will cause Word to display an error message in place of each reference You can then delete them Equation Number Formats You can also control the format of equation numbers 15 Choose the Format Equation Numbers command on the MathType menu there s no toolbar button for this command Check the Whole Document checkbox to change the existing numbers and change the Enclosure option to lt gt angle brackets The preview shows you the result of your settings Click OK and you ll see the equation numbers and references change to the new format You may want to experiment with some of the settings there are many possible combinations 41 48 Section Numbers If you don t want section numbers included you can turn them off in the Forma
2. N A few things to note about these examples e The values are shown in hexadecimal base 16 notation This is customary in the Unicode world e The value for A is the same as its value in ASCII a standard that has been in use for many years to represent characters in computers 109 MathType User Manual MTCode Values If you want to see MTCode values displayed in the status bar as you pass the mouse pointer over characters in the toolbar choose the Workspace Preferences command on the Preferences menu and check Show character and template codes in the status bar e The first three examples are part of Unicode the last is part of MathType s extension to Unicode MTCode Font Encodings Many fonts on your computer share the same arrangement of characters For example in your word processor when you press the A key you get the first letter of the Latin alphabet whether your current font is Arial or Times Similarly hitting the same key when the current font is Symbol or Euclid Symbol will give you a Greek alpha The concept of font encoding is used to capture these relationships Another common term that means the same thing is character yy set In MathType a font encoding is a named table of MTCode values one for each position in the fonts that share the encoding You can see the encoding MathType has assigned to each font on your computer by using the Insert Symbol command on the
3. Using MathType with your favorite TEX editor is covered in detail by Tutorial 17 in Chapter 4 application to convert a PostScript file into a PDF file If you re using Microsoft Word you can also use the PDFMaker command which is installed into Word when you install Adobe Acrobat Secondly you should always select the option to embed fonts in the PDF file This ensures that your equations will be readable on computers that don t have MathType s fonts or any other uncommon fonts you may be using installed The Acrobat guide contains lots of information about font embedding At the time of writing controlling font embedding is one of the features missing from the Save As PDF command in OS X Print dialogs We recommend you use this approach only if you re sure anyone viewing your PDF document will have MathType s fonts installed on their computer Working with AppleWorks AppleWorks includes Equation Editor a junior version of MathType It also features an Insert Equation command as well as support for double clicking on an equation to open it for editing After MathType has been installed both of these actions open MathType instead of Equation Editor We recommend turning on AppleWorks fractional character widths support when working with documents containing equations This allows characters to be positioned with much greater accuracy and is really essential for equations to print properly If equations are printing
4. option for easier viewing Chapter 5 provides more detailed advice about the various methods for importing equations into documents Chapter 6 describes how to generate Web pages from Word documents Equations that you have transferred into documents can be brought back into MathType for editing or reuse You can do this using Cut and Paste commands or in applications that support OLE Office or EGO AppleWorks double clicking an equation opens it in MathType automatically Using this Manual This manual was written assuming that you understand the basic operation of your computer You should be familiar with concepts such as mouse clicking dragging scrolling and so on Please refer to your computer s manual or online Help if you need to refresh your memory Chapter 1 Introduction MathType has a very intuitive user interface and you can probably learn its basic capabilities just by experimenting with it However reading this manual can cut down on the learning time needed to become productive Some of MathType s most powerful features are best discovered and understood by reading about them first We ve also provided many hints and shortcuts that will enable you to get the most benefit from MathType in the shortest possible time If you want to gain a sound understanding of MathType and get the most out of it you should consider reading most of the material in the next four chapters of this manual The purpose of each ch
5. s default Small Bar They re also available in the Symbol Palettes of course Following typesetting conventions as always MathType will not create any spacing around the gt symbol since it is in a subscript but you can insert spaces if you want to 37 38 MathType User Manual One Shot Shortcuts The shortcuts that affect just the next character typed are described in more detail in Chapter 7 Selecting a Slot You can double click in a Slot to select its contents or type COMMAND SHIFT S 8 Press TAB to move the insertion point out of the lower slot and type in the rest of this first equation The speedy way to do this is to just type COMMAND G f COMMAND L n TAB a If you like the COMMAND G shortcut you may be interested to know that there are a few others that work in a similar fashion If you press COMMAND U for example the next character you type will be assigned the User 1 style that you have defined with the Define command on the Style menu In this way you can access any character in any font with just two keystrokes even if it s not present in the Symbol Palettes 9 Press the RETURN key This will create a new line directly beneath the first equation so now you have a pile consisting of two lines It should look like this _a x dx Slimsup a 10 To save time we re going to create the second equation by modifying a copy of the first one Select the entire first equation by double
6. Advanced Formatting Try Define Spacing If you find that you are doing a lot of nudging you should consider changing one or two of MathType s built in formatting dimensions using the Define Spacing command on the Format menu See Spacing in Chapter 7 for more details Use the Toolbar If there is a particular expression which you find you are nudging consistently drag it to the toolbar Then whenever you need to insert it into an equation just click on it in the toolbar Fences In mathematical typesetting terminology fences is a collective term used to refer to enclosing characters like parentheses brackets and braces By extension MathType refers to templates involving these characters as fence templates Nudge commands have many uses By moving one character on top of another you can form overstrikes and other special combinations of characters such as Oor ve You can also use Nudge commands to improve upon MathType s built in kerning capability for example in an expression like L the superscript may look better if you move it further into the gap in the L The Nudge commands can be especially useful when applied to symbols such as brackets and embellishments that are parts of templates Recall that there is a special technique for selecting symbols of this type hold down the OPTION key and click on the symbol with the vertical arrow pointer Sometimes you may wish to nudge an
7. Case fractions are generally used to save space when the numerator and denominator of the fraction are just plain numbers Be careful not to choose the larger template this would create a full size fraction which would be too big for this situation Notice how MathType automatically expands the size of the square root sign to accommodate the fraction Your equation should now look like this The insertion point should be in the numerator upper slot of the fraction template 6 To enter the numerator of the fraction just type 3 7 Now we need to move the insertion point down into the denominator slot of the fraction You can do this by pressing the TAB key or by clicking inside the denominator slot in your equation 8 Enter the denominator by typing 16 9 Next we need to add the sinx outside of the square root sign and to do this we have to get the insertion point into the correct position in the hierarchy of slots that make up the equation If you repeatedly press the TAB key you can 23 MathType User Manual Functions You can customize the list of functions that MathType automatically recognizes Tutorial 4 contains an example 24 make the insertion point cycle through all the slots in the formula If you hold down the SHIFT key while you do this the insertion point will cycle through the slots in the reverse direction Try this out to see how it works Three of the positions that the insertion point wil
8. MathML See www w3 org math for more information on MathML comments are ignored during the typesetting process so they will have no effect on your final output MathType s Translators dialog also provides the Include translator name in translation option which helps to delineate and identify equations in your documents This might be useful if you want to write programs that search your TEX source files looking for equations and processing them in some way Other Translators MathType includes translators for several dialects of TRX Plain TEX AMS TRX IATEX and AMS I TEX These dialects correspond to various packages of TEX macros which you must load before you typeset your document For example to typeset AMS I4TpX code you must include the commands documentclass amsart or usepackage amsmath or some equivalent somewhere in the preamble of your document Please consult your TEX or IATEX documentation for more details We also supply translators for MathML a markup language based on XML eXtensible Markup Language for encoding mathematics As of this writing MathML 2 0 is the latest version MathType comes with three MathML 2 0 translators that only differ in the namespace in which the MathML is placed Which one you should pick is determined by the MathML renderer you use either a browser plug in WebEQ MathPlayer etc or a browser with built in MathML support Netscape 7 Mozilla or Amaya A fourth MathML tra
9. Note Earlier versions of MathType used the COMMAND key for these space shortcuts but these shortcuts have been reserved by Apple for other uses We ve changed to use CONTROL which is consistent with MathType for Windows Place the insertion point between the and the d by clicking there and insert a thin space either by choosing the 4b icon it s on the right in the top row of the palette or by pressing CONTROL SPACE 3 Move the insertion point out of the integrand slot into the position shown below You must do this for the alignment commands to work properly Don t create the rest of the equation within the integrand slot a x dx 4 Click on the lt sign in the Small Bar 5 Now we want to build the lim sup structure We begin by clicking on the icon in the palette This icon represents the under script template any characters entered in the upper slot will be full size and those in the lower slot will be reduced to subscript size 6 The insertion point is positioned in the upper slot so you can type in limsup MathType will use your Function style probably a plain style for these characters and will insert a thin space between the lim and the sup 7 Move the insertion point down into the lower slot by clicking in it or by pressing the TAB key and enter n gt 00 The gt and symbols are very common in mathematics so they ve been added to MathType
10. break at the start of this document We ll explain the meaning of this later in the tutorial For now just click OK 5 Inthe MathType window that opens enter the following equation cos 6 sin 1 then close the MathType window In your Word document notice that the equation is centered and the equation number is aligned with the right margin 6 Repeat step 3 and insert the following equation into your Word document cos 0 sin 0 cos 20 T Enter the following text followed by a space character at the start of the next line Subtracting 8 Now insert a reference to the second display equation Click the Gl button on the MathType toolbar or choose the Insert Equation Reference command on the MathType menu The Insert Equation Reference dialog will appear displaying brief instructions about inserting an equation number reference Once you are familiar with the process you can click in the Don t show me this again checkbox For now click OK then double click on the equation number 1 2 You ll see that the number 1 2 is inserted into your sentence 9 Type from and then enter a reference to equation 1 1 using the method described in step 8 You may want to enter a space before and after the reference 10 Then type gives and insert the following numbered display equation sin 0 4 1 cos 26 11 At the start of the following line type Using and insert a reference to equation 1 3 Complete
11. but only a few of them contain any useful mathematical symbols The best way to examine fonts for suitable characters is to use the Insert Symbol command on MathType s Edit menu The Insert Symbol command allows you to view all the fonts installed on your computer You can choose Font in the View by list if you think you know which font might have the symbol you re looking for or choose Description in the View by list to search for the character based on word s in its description Tutorial 13 in Chapter 4 and the following section contain more information about this command The Design Science Web site www dessci com may contain information on other mathematical fonts the characters they contain and where they can be obtained Chapter 8 Advanced Formatting Unicode Web Site To find out more about Unicode the Unicode Consortium s Web site at www unicode org Is a good place to start MTCode or Unicode You may see the MTCode value for characters in several places in MathType However the value will be labelled if at all by Unicode This is because Unicode is the more familiar term Those in the know will remember that MTCode would be a more accurate label MathType s Font and Character Knowledge MathType has a built in database containing a considerable amount of knowledge on fonts and the characters they contain For each font this knowledge consists of e A list of the characters i
12. l linclude translator name in translation include MathType data in translation 4 Create the equation in MathType Note that the right hand side of the equation is on the toolbar s Algebra tab 5 From MathType s Edit menu choose Select All and then Copy or type COMMAND A then COMMAND C 6 Switch back to your text editor and choose Paste This will insert the following text into your document wal x fracit b pm sqrt 1b 2 sao TH 2a Chapter 4 Tutorials Converting Equations If you want MathType s Convert Equations command in Word to work with your equations you must turn on the Include MathType data in translation and Include translator name in translation options If you are familiar with I T X you will recognize this as the LATEX source code for the quadratic formula 7 Continue typing the discriminant and then switch back to MathType 8 Create the discriminant term b 4ac 9 In MathType s Format menu choose Inline Equation This makes MathType generate the appropriate LATEX code for an inline equation 10 Copy the equation and paste it into your text document and then type is the most important term Your document should now look something like this In the quadratic formula x frac b pm sqrt b 2 4ac 2a the discriminant S b 2 4ach S is Lhe most important term Translator Options In many situations it is usef
13. 1 Using MiS Manualne nna E aA 2 Additional MathType Documentation icssistsnceecadescunitanmteimctecnieieaeaannantiin 4 GENO HE arane aN 4 Registering Your Copy of MathType s sssssesresrnsrnrnrnnrnrnrnnrnrnrnnrnrenrnrrnrenrens 5 Chapter 2 Getting Started sisinviatitasivstivicnsisissaissciasavendnessvsnassvcusvernstvsesssenias 7 SFE eta a artes tortges nero terse hr E E 7 System Requirements cxistitesireraestnats ice tevaantns na stalling MathType ecicstinienacohitintelet a a 1 What TOGO NEXT enraiar 9 Notes for Users of Earlier Versions of MathTyP sscssssesseesessssseeeeen 9 Notes for Microsoft Equation Editor US IS ccccsssssssesssssssssessseseeeen 10 Chapters Basic Concepts ainmin 11 MO CUCTION erea A T R 11 Tne PALI EY DOW INGO Wincnorosininonraninakonnrinahanoi 12 Keyboard Notation in this MANU lssinsasecrisosrnvinancentaiwidacconrednidaeraieieeituinetentes 14 Mouse Notation in this Manual s ssessssssssssrnsnsrnsnsnnrnnnnnnnnnnnnnnrnnnrnnenrnrenrnres 14 Enten Tex HOM Me Keyboar a 14 Serang SYMON 15 Meern Template oriin uaeivnaciationahanuiauiautuenveraaie 16 Placing me nserion PoNianminniennnny a a 16 Moving the Insertion POINt s ssssssssrsrsrsrnrnnnnnnnrnrnnnnrnrnnnnnnnnrnrnnnsrernrnrnrenrnrens 17 Selecung tems man EgUaUON asien 18 TOERETURN K CY atasersinudinsncatnntesNosabtdatavaciatauncelensa cage acta jussanutaanidasaubienutageniuets 18 KEVDOAIG OMCs alana acne nade ina picauedhicanamennanmis 19 Map ter FTO eS ina
14. 61 Typesize 99 Full 99 of individual characters 107 Subscript 99 Sub subscript 99 Sub symbol 99 Symbol 99 User 1 and User 2 100 Typesizes in Preference files 102 Typing 14 U Unary operators 40 Undo command 21 Unicode 109 Unit abbreviations 101 Units of measurement 101 Update Equation Numbers command 47 User 1 and User 2 styles 97 User 1 and User 2 typesizes 100 V Variable style 44 96 Vector Matrix style 39 97 Vertical bar symbols 104 Vertical bar template 39 View graphs 83 119 120 MathType User Manual WwW Web pages 60 66 71 74 Adobe Acrobat 93 copying files to server 92 creating with MathPage 58 87 tips for creating 90 Web site MathType 4 Windows 80 84 85 Word See Microsoft Word X XML 66
15. 85 86 MathType User Manual Chapter 6 Creating Web Pages Containing Equations Chapter 6 Creating Web Pages Containing Equations Math on the Web Design Science publishes a semi annual report on the state of Math on the Web Visit www dessci com for a copy Older Browsers MathP age documents will work in version 4 or newer of the popular browsers In general the newer the browser the better the document looks introduction This chapter describes the various ways in which you can create Web pages containing equations There are several approaches and each has its advantages and drawbacks For creating Web pages from Microsoft Word documents MathType s MathPage technology is the best approach It produces Web pages virtually identical to the original Word document complete with properly aligned equations that display and print with high resolution If you re creating Web pages with more traditional HTML editors we ll show you how MathType can create individual equation GIF files along with corresponding HTML tags to streamline the process Finally we ll discuss other ways of displaying documents on the Web MathPage MathPage is the name we ve given to our technology for publishing technical documents on the Web MathType s Export to MathPage command available in Microsoft Word converts a Microsoft Word document containing MathType and or Equation Editor equations into a Web page We ve solv
16. Full typesize Assigned to ordinary characters within most slots This typesize corresponds to the size of text in the body of your word processing document Subscript typesize Used for subscripts and superscripts attached to Full typesize characters Also used in limits in integrals summations and other templates Sub subscript typesize Used for subscripts and superscripts to Subscript typesize characters or any other place a second level of size reduction is required Also used for limit slots of templates inside the limits of other templates For example the Sub subscript typesize would be used for a superscript occurring within a limit of integration Symbol typesize Used for the oversize symbols in integral summation and product templates Sub symbol typesize Used for oversize symbols in Subscript typesize slots 99 100 MathType User Manual Faster Size Changes Make use of the User 1 and User 2 typesizes instead of explicit point sizes because this allows you to change the size of all such text by simply changing the definition of the typesize User 1 typesize A general purpose typesize to be used for whatever you want User 2 typesize A second general purpose typesize Automatic Size Assignments Each slot in a MathType equation has a typesize associated with it When you insert characters into a slot they are assigned the typesize of that slot When you insert a template into a slot the typ
17. Style Size Zoom and Color You can change these settings using menu commands or simply Control click on an area to show a menu for that setting While moving the mouse in the toolbar or in the menus the four Status Bar entries are temporarily replaced by a message that describes the item the mouse pointer is over At other times the message tells you what operation MathType has just performed or what it is expecting you to do next Chapter 3 Basic Concepts Organizing Tip The Tabs allow you to organize your symbols expressions and templates into named collections Tutorial 5 in Chapter 4 shows you how to rename Tabs MathType Toolbar The MathType toolbar contains five separate areas the Symbol and Template Palettes the Small Bar and the Large and Small Tabbed Bars You can hide or show the toolbar using the Toolbar command on the View menu Symbol Palettes If you press or click on one of these buttons a palette containing various symbols will appear If you choose one of the symbols it will be added to your equation at the insertion point Template Palettes If you press or click on one of these buttons a palette containing various templates will appear If you choose one of the templates it will be added to your equation at the insertion point or if something is selected it will wrap around it The Bars The Small Bar and the Large and Small Tabbed Bars are containers in which you can store frequently u
18. To modify the equations on the page you must edit the original Word document and run the Export to MathPage command again MathML If you choose MathML you must then select one of the MathML targets Selecting one of these targets means that anyone viewing your Web page will need the appropriate browser or plug in installed The MathZoom option is not available when MathML is selected in MathPlayer 2 0 and newer MathZoom is always available See MathType s online help for more information about the various MathML targets Target Browser The Target Browser setting lets you choose the level of browser compatibility This mainly affects how symbols in the document are handled The Internet Explorer 5 Macintosh option takes advantage of the fact that Internet Explorer 5 for Macintosh can correctly display many symbolic characters Most other browsers do not display these characters properly therefore images must be generated for them This can make the document take longer to download and 89 90 MathType User Manual display but ensures correct display in all browsers on all platforms If your Web pages will only be viewed using Macintosh Internet Explorer 5 then select the this option otherwise choose the All Browsers option If a page optimized for Internet Explorer 5 is opened in another browser a warning will appear and some or all of the symbols may not display properly Exporting and Viewing the Web Page When you cl
19. again You simply double click on an equation to edit it Make your changes in the MathType window that appears then close the MathType window to update your document Cut Copy and Paste using the Clipboard You can copy all or part of an equation to the clipboard using the Cut or Copy commands on MathType s Edit menu and then Paste into your document You can copy equations that are already in your documents either to another document or to a different place in the same document You edit an equation using Copy and Paste by selecting it in your document copying it and pasting it into a MathType window After editing the equation copy it switch back to your document and paste it being sure to delete the original You can see how much easier it is to use OLE or EGO Chapter 5 Working with Other Applications Copying vs Moving Hold down the OPTION key to make a copy when you drag The pointer will include a small plus sign when you re copying Otherwise the item being dragged is moved to the new location i e itis deleted from its old location Equation Files No matter what file format you use to save equations MathType can open them later for making changes and for use in creating new equations Drag and Drop Drag and Drop is an alternative to using the clipboard You can use it to move or copy data within an application as well as between applications Most modern applications support Drag and Drop Befo
20. click the MathType s New Equations preferences button You can click Preview to get a list of the actual preferences 8 Click OK and the formatting process will start This can take anywhere from a few seconds to several minutes depending on the speed of your computer and the number of equations in your document The command s progress is shown in Word s status bar When the operation has finished check that the equations were updated Tutorial 12 Formatting with Tabs In this example we show you how MathType s system of tabs provides extra flexibility for formatting equations We re going to create the equation 9 76x whenn is even C x 4 k 14 3x when n is odd and then format it several different ways We proceed as follows 1 Create the expression on the left hand side of the equals sign As you know by now you can choose the template or press COMMAND L to attach the subscript to the c 2 Choose the template from the brace You should now have the following e x L 3 Enter the top expression in the brace up to and including the x and then press CONTROL TAB press the TAB key while holding down the CONTROL key If palette to insert an expanding left you press the TAB key alone this will move the insertion point rather than insert a tab character 4 Choose the Text style from the Style menu and type in when n is even While you re using the Text style the spacebar is ac
21. embellishment to place it at the same height as some other one nearby Although you can undo nudging you can also return nudged items to their original un nudged positions by using the Reset Nudge command on the Format menu The Reset Nudge command can be used at any time it is not necessary to choose it immediately after nudging Prior to choosing the Reset Nudge command you must select the nudged items you want to reset Selecting items that were previously nudged usually requires keyboard techniques Use the TAB key to cycle the insertion point until it lands in the appropriate slot and then hold the SHIFT key down while moving the insertion point with the arrow keys to select the desired items Fence Alignment MathType s fence alignment feature allows you to easily adjust the alignment of items within fences brackets parentheses braces etc In most technical publishing fences are centered with respect to the math axis the height where the horizontal strokes of minus signs and addition signs are located both inside and outside of the fence This doesn t always look exactly the way you want it though For example the case below Mae H P R 3Q The numerator in the above expression is much taller than the denominator resulting in a large white gap at the bottom of the expression To get rid of that gap you will want to change the fence alignment setting of the brace template Place your cursor somewhere ins
22. equation in the reverse direction You can also move the insertion point by using the arrow keys this is described in more detail in the following section You can tell which slot contains the insertion point from its size and shape The horizontal line of the insertion point runs along the bottom edge of the slot and the vertical line of the insertion point runs from the top to the bottom of the slot If you ve turned on nesting with the Show Nesting command you can tell which slot contains the insertion point by its background color Chapter 3 Basic Concepts The equations in the first row below show four different insertion point positions and the four pictures in the second row show the result of typing an m into the expression in each case 4 C C C ula tiay ua ua J J J J C uma PTa M ud m ua Moving the Insertion Point As described previously you can use the TAB key to move the insertion point through all of an equation s slots Holding down the SHIFT key moves the insertion point in the reverse direction You can also use the arrow keys for moving the insertion point more precisely The rules for using the arrow keys are somewhat tedious to describe and to read no doubt it s easier to experiment with a couple of equations to understand the behavior Here s a quick guide to how they work Roughly speaking pressing the LEFT ARROW key moves the insertion point one character to
23. equations created by previous versions of MathType so that you can now edit them by double clicking MathType text equations are equations translated into a text representation using one of MathType s translators These equations can be converted back into MathType equations or translated into yet another text equation For text equations to be translatable both the translator name and the MathType data must be included in the equation You can ensure this by checking the appropriate boxes in the Convert Equations dialog If just the MathType data is included you can still copy and paste the equation into a MathType window In order to run as quickly as possible the Convert Equations and Format Equations commands alter some Word settings These are restored when the command finishes In the unlikely event that the command runs into a problem and terminates prematurely these settings will not be restored The settings are Typing replaces selection and Use smart cut and paste in the Edit tab of the Word s Preferences dialog The commands turn both these settings off You may reset them if you prefer otherwise Chapter 5 Working with Other Applications Export Equations You may be wondering why you d ever use this command Exporting equations as GIF files can be useful when creating Web pages Exporting to EPS files is often necessary when importing Word documents into desktop publishing programs PICT files can be use
24. function abbreviation while your current style is Math For example if you try to type the word single MathType will interpret this as the sine of g times times e and will produce something like sin gle or sin gle The latter of these two might be acceptable if it were not for the thin space that was inserted You can avoid this type of mistake by choosing Text from the Style menu before you begin typing a word Alternatively you can correct the situation later by selecting the offending word and then choosing the Text command from the Style menu Nudging MathType s Nudge commands allow you to exercise fine control over the placement of items in an equation To nudge an item you select it and then use one of the following commands COMMAND lt nudges the selected items to the left by one pixel COMMAND nudges the selected items upward by one pixel COMMAND gt nudges the selected items to the right by one pixel COMMAND V nudges the selected items downward by one pixel The selected items are moved in small increments in the indicated direction The size of the increment depends on the current display scale If you re viewing your equation at 100 scale the increment is 1 pt 5 pt at 200 pt at 400 and t pt at 800 These commands are for fine adjustments only if you nudge things too far you may have trouble selecting them and the Show Nesting view will produce confusing results Chapter 8
25. on importing graphics or importing EPS files in your application s user manual 73 74 MathType User Manual GIF Graphic Interchange Format Files GIF Graphic Interchange Format is a standard format used for images on Web pages and is the only true bitmap format that MathType can produce Bitmap formats do not use fonts or languages they simply define which dots to turn on to create the image As a result bitmap formats are completely transportable to any computer whether the computer runs Macintosh OS Windows Unix or any other type of operating system A disadvantage of bitmap formats is that they do not print as well as formats in which MathType can use fonts If you are creating documents for the purpose of printing you should use high resolution 300 dpi or higher GIF files which may significantly increase the size of your document If you are creating documents to be viewed electronically screen resolution 72 or 96 dpi GIF files are fine MathType provides several options that affect the kind of GIF image that is saved resolution dots per inch transparency background color and smoothing You can set these options using MathType s Web and GIF Preferences dialog in the Preferences menu Smoothing is a particularly interesting GIF option It uses a graphics technique called anti aliasing to smooth out the edges of characters and reduce jaggies by displaying some of the edge pixels using a color t
26. operators and relational symbols and displays standard mathematical abbreviations like lim log and sin in an appropriate style This built in intelligence frees you from having to worry about many of the details of equation layout it improves the consistency of your work and saves a considerable amount of time both in the initial creation of equations and in subsequent proof reading and editing Cooperating with Other Applications MathType can work with a wide range of document processing applications The optimal method of incorporating equations into your documents depends on what kind of document you need to create MathType equations can be integrated into documents in several ways Using standard Cut and Paste or Drag and Drop techniques Using an application s Insert Object command Object Linking and Embedding also known as OLE Using an application s Insert Equation command also known as EGO Equations can be converted into TEX IATFX MathML or other textual languages using a customizable translation mechanism Equations can be saved in a variety of file formats Macintosh PICT files Encapsulated PostScript EPS files or GIF files ready to be imported into documents Using MathType s MathPage technology Microsoft Word documents containing equations can be converted into Web pages that any browser can display with no plug ins required The equations can even be magnified with MathPage s MathZoom
27. selected items to the right by one pixel COMMAND nudges the selected items downward by one pixel You might want to try moving a subscript or a superscript moving the limits of the summation or even moving the bar embellishment Keep in mind however that nudging is really intended for making small adjustments that cannot be achieved otherwise The preferred method for adjusting spacing is using the Define Spacing dialog described in Chapter 7 This approach has the advantage that the spacing rules you define affect all equations Chapter 4 Tutorials 23 Close the MathType window which will insert the equation into your Word document Save the document because we re going to use it in the next tutorial Tutorial 3 Editing Old Equations This tutorial teaches you some special editing techniques that are useful when you re modifying an existing equation You will often need to correct a mistake in an old equation or make a new one that is a slight variation of one that you have made in the past Instead of starting from scratch you can bring a copy of the old equation back into MathType and modify it as needed In this way all your old documents serve as sources of material for new documents You can store commonly used equations or fragments of equations in word processing documents or as expressions within MathType itself Let s suppose that the equation we created in Tutorial 2 is the wrong one and we want to use the
28. space between the two equations You can Chapter 4 Tutorials do this by placing the insertion point somewhere in the outermost slot of the second equation not within a template or by selecting the second equation and choosing the Line Spacing command from the Format menu When you ve arranged them to your liking the equations are complete Now that we re done with these equations it s time to choose Select All from the Edit menu and press DELETE to clear your window for the next tutorial Tutorial 7 A Simple Matrix In our next tutorial we illustrate MathType s powerful capabilities for laying out matrices We will construct the following matrix equation Ae a p A det AI A a A Gy The matrix is a fairly simple one and we ll be able to create it very easily by using a matrix template If you need more flexible formatting capabilities for matrices and tabular layouts you should use tabs as illustrated in Tutorial 11 1 Type the first few terms of the equation up to the second equals sign MathType will recognize that det is an abbreviation for the determinant function and will automatically set it in plain roman type so you don t have to fiddle with it The quick way to get a is to press COMMAND G followed by a letter I ell Also note that the I and the A represent matrices so we have assigned them the Vector Matrix style which causes them to appear in bold type The COMMAND B short
29. template open brackets MathType does not define a shortcut for this template To assign one first choose the Customize Keyboard command on the Preferences menu 2 The Customize Keyboard dialog will appear The panel titled Command contains a hierarchical list of all the MathType commands that can be assigned keyboard shortcuts We want to assign one to a toolbar item so click on the next to the Toolbar Commands category An indented list will appear underneath Toolbar Commands Click on the next to Templates in this list and then on the next to Fence Templates 3 Select the Open Brackets item you may have to scroll the list down a little for this item to appear The template will appear in the panel next to the description so you can confirm you ve selected the correct template Chapter 4 Tutorials Multiple Shortcuts You can assign more than one shortcut for the Same command Customize Keyboard The Customize Keyboard dialog lets you reset a command s shortcut to its default setting by selecting it and clicking Reset Selection Click Reset All to reset every command s shortcuts back to their original settings 4 Click in the edit box labeled Enter new shortcut key s 5 Type COMMAND T followed by Notice that a message appears below the box indicating that this shortcut is already assigned to the Left Bracket command If we were to assign this combination to the Open Brackets template it would be r
30. template around the existing terms previously we have always inserted templates first and then filled in their slots afterwards Select the entire right hand side of the equation watching the highlighting carefully to see that your selection is correct It should look like this S E a3 x i n Now click on the fi icon in the Small Bar The fi template will be inserted into your equation and automatically wrapped around the selected items When you insert a template MathType always wraps it around any selected items 6 You might be wondering how you would do the reverse of the operation we performed in step 5 suppose you had an expression enclosed in a square root sign or some other template and you wanted to remove the square root sign but keep the expression To do this you first select the expression under the square root sign and choose Cut to transfer it to the Clipboard Next select the now empty square root sign and press DELETE or DEL to remove it Finally choose Paste to bring the expression back from the Clipboard T Finally we have to change the n in the denominator of the fraction to n 1 Position the insertion point in the denominator slot to the right of the n by clicking near the point indicated by the arrow pointer in the picture below Then simply type 1 to change the denominator 8 Let s now suppose we want to change the color of the term sy from black to red Select the term usi
31. the line by typing we can show that 12 Click the button on Word s MathType toolbar or choose the Insert Inline Equation command on the MathType menu and insert the following equation cos 20 1 2sin 0 Notice how this equation is inserted in the line of text hence the name inline equation Word also aligns the equation with the baseline of the text Your document should now look like this Chapter 4 Tutorials Equation Numbers You can insert just an equation number using the Insert Equation Number command If Updating Is Slow If updating takes too long uncheck Update equation numbers automatically in the Format Equation Numbers dialog Then use the Update Equation Numbers command to manually update the numbers Whole Document To change the format of existing equation numbers you must check the Whole Document checkbox Otherwise you re only Setting the format for the next number s you insert We now have two basic equations cos sin 1 1 1 cos 0 sin 6 cos 20 1 2 Subtracting 1 2 from 1 1 gives sin 0 1 cos 28 1 3 Using 1 3 we can show that cos 20 1 2 sin 0 Now we ll insert another equation in the middle of this example to demonstrate automatic renumbering 13 Place the insertion point before the word Subtracting and enter the following text Adding these two together we obtain 14 Insert this right numbered display equation cos
32. the x Chapter 4 Tutorials Keyboard Shortcuts You can also create a Superscript slot by typing COMMAND E COMMAND L inserts a Subscript slot Greek Characters You can enter a Greek character using COMMAND G and its eqivalent e g m for u P for II Keyboard Shortcut The quickest way to close the MathType window is by pressing COMMAND W 11 Type c Remember you don t have to type the spaces You insert the minus sign by pressing the minus hyphen key on your keyboard In a word processor pressing this key inserts a hyphen which is typically shorter than a minus sign However since hyphens are very uncommon in mathematics MathType replaces them with minus signs for you when the Math style is in effect Your equation should now look like this y Jzsinx c 12 Next we need to attach the superscript or exponent to the c To do this click on the icon in the Small Bar This will create a superscript slot next to the c as shown below y smx c 13 Type 2 and then press TAB to move the insertion point out of the superscript slot into the position shown below y 14 Click on the in the Small Bar MathType knows that the symbol is supposed to have spaces around it in this situation so as usual you don t have 3 sin y c 7 SINxX C to type them 15 Choose the u from the palette it s the second one from the right in the row of Symbol Palettes Alternatively as the Greek l
33. use the new font definitions and the lower case Greek letters and o are no longer italicized You may want to use style definitions such as these for equations in a document in which the text is written in Helvetica or Garamond When printed the equation will look like this U b exp 5o x y To reset the style definitions open the Define Styles dialog and click Reset Chapter 4 Tutorials Tip You can also CONTROL CLICK in the Style panel of the Status Bar to open the Style menu While working through this tutorial you have probably noticed that each of the styles is also listed as a command on the Style menu This allows you to explicitly assign a particular style to selected or subsequently typed characters The Other command on the Style menu can be used to assign any font available on your computer to selected or subsequently typed characters Please see Chapter 7 for further details Tutorial 9 Equation Numbering in Microsoft Word This tutorial describes how to use the MathType commands for numbering equations in Microsoft Word documents Although Word has its own method for numbering equations using captions Word places them above or below an item not to the side which is typically how equations are numbered Using the MathType toolbar in Word you can enter inline display and numbered display equations with just one click We re going to create the following portion of a document to illustrate the equatio
34. 105 Number style 97 Numbering equations 45 72 76 Numbering files 74 Numerator height 100 117 118 O Object Linking and Embedding See OLE OLE 69 Inserting objects 70 Operators unary and binary 40 S97 OS X 7 8 Overheads 83 Overstrikes 105 P PageMaker See Adobe PageMaker Pantone colors 84 PDF files See Adobe Acrobat PDFMaker 81 Photoshop See Adobe Photoshop PICT files 69 71 73 Pile 18 38 54 PostScript fonts 8 PowerPoint See Microsoft PowerPoint Preference files installed 102 loading 102 saving 101 TeX appearance 102 Presentation applications 83 Primary font 42 95 102 Q QuarkXPress 71 73 83 84 R Recognition of functions 32 97 Redo command 21 References to equations 46 Reset Nudge command 105 Resizing equations 71 fences 107 summation signs 107 Return key 14 16 18 Right click 14 Ruler 14 54 111 MathType User Manual S Saving preference files 101 102 Section numbers 48 Sections 48 Selecting brackets and braces 18 double clicking 18 embellishments 18 items in an equation 18 summation and integral signs 18 with the Arrow keys 18 Selection 12 Shortcuts See Keyboard Shortcuts Show All 53 Show Nesting 24 Size defining 101 Full 99 of individual characters 107 Other 107 Subscript 99 Sub subscript 99 Sub symbol 99 symbol 99 User 1 and User 2 100 Slides 83 Slot 12 Small Bar 32 Smaller command 107 S
35. 95 explicit assignment 98 Character substitution 98 Classic 8 Clipboard 69 Color 30 84 GIF background 61 COMMAND key 19 Computer Modern fonts 108 Control click 14 CSS 93 Curly brackets 27 Customize Keyboard 62 D Default Preferences 102 Define Sizes command 51 83 101 Define Spacing command 100 105 Define Styles command 42 Definite integral 36 Del key 14 Delete key 14 Design Science 4 Documents moving between platforms 84 Double click editing equations 29 selecting 18 Drag and drop 71 Drag and Drop 40 in browser 89 Drawing programs 82 E Edit Color Menu command 84 Editing equations in documents 29 EGO 69 Embellishments inserting 28 selecting 28 Encapsulated PostScript files See EPS files Enter key 18 EPS files 2 71 73 115 116 importing 73 moving between platforms 84 Equation baseline alignment 72 dragging from browser 89 editing 29 exporting from document 79 importing as file 73 including text 31 inline 46 inserting in documents 32 preferences 78 resizing 71 saving in file 71 selecting 18 Equation Editor 10 Equation numbers 45 72 76 format 47 76 references 46 updating 47 Equation references 46 Euclid fonts 42 108 Euclid Fraktur 97 Euclid Math One 97 Euclid Math Two 57 Euclid Symbol 57 Explicit style assignments 98 100 Export Equations command 66 Exporting equations 79 F Fence Alignment command 105 File numbe
36. Edit menu The Insert Symbol Dialog Using the Insert Symbol dialog you can browse all the fonts available on your computer This is also the best place to see MathType s font and character knowledge Insert Symbol Font E Euclid Math Two H C Bold C Italic Range All known characters n View by Close Show all ranges Help Unicode OxE932 Font position OxBA Keystroke CUA Font Euclid Math Two Encoding EuclidMath2 Description Less than or approximately equal to Enter new shortcut keyis Current keys Once you select a font in the View by section at the top of the dialog you can see the font s encoding For the character selected in the grid you can also see its Chapter 8 Advanced Formatting Unicode MTCode value position in the font the keystroke if any that can be used to type it and its description Tutorial 13 in Chapter 4 shows how to use this dialog and additional information is also contained in MathType s online help Extending MathType s Font and Character Knowledge Although MathType contains most math characters in MTCode and has encodings for most fonts that are useful in math and science it will always be incomplete as mathematicians invent new characters and notations and font designers create new fonts For this reason we have designed MathType to be easily extended to handle new characters fonts and font encodings However the details on how to d
37. Introduction MathType s automatic formatting will produce good results most of the time However it s impossible for MathType to always know what you intend or what an equation means After all MathType isn t a mathematician and hasn t read your entire document This chapter describes some of the techniques that are available for doing more advanced formatting tasks It also discusses MathType s built in font and character knowledge and how you can extend it Overriding Automatic Spacing If you have a current style that is something other than Text User 1 or User 2 the spacebar is disabled in MathType so that accidentally pressing it will not interfere with MathType s automatic formatting However you can still insert spaces of various sizes by choosing space symbols from the Symbol Palettes You can also insert spaces using keyboard shortcuts as follows Icon Keystroke Alt Keystroke Description ab SHIFT SPACE COMMAND K 0 Zero space ab CONTROL OPTION SPACE COMMAND K 1 One point space ab CONTROL SPACE COMMAND K K 2 Thin space sixth of an em ab CONTROL SHIFT SPACE COMMAND K 3 Thick space third of an em ab None COMMAND K 4 Em space quad Inserting spaces explicitly will override any automatic spacing that may be in effect at the location where you insert the spaces You will get exactly the spacing you input explicitly If you remove the explicit spaces then the automatic formatting will go back into ef
38. MathType Commands for Word to insert equations This is especially true for display equations that you want centered in a paragraph MathPage does a good job of handling the various ways that you can center an equation and generating the correct HTML but it works most reliably if you use MathType s Insert Display Equation and Insert Numbered Display Equation commands in Word e Use Word s Insert Symbol command for mathematical symbols This is far more efficient than creating a MathType equation containing only a few symbols both for Word and the browser On the other hand Chapter 6 Creating Web Pages Containing Equations you must insert an equation if you want a MathZoom version of the symbol to pop up in the browser when the symbol is clicked on This is especially useful when using small hard to read characters such as superscripts subscripts primes etc e Don t convert long documents break them into smaller pieces While a large document may be desirable in Word for editing and printing it does not translate well into a Web document Large documents take longer to download and are more cumbersome for viewing When you print a long document in Word you get headers and footers inserted on every page Printing from a browser is different there are no headers and footers contained in the page itself and page breaks can occur in the strangest places sometimes breaking graphics such as equations in half These problems can be minimized
39. Mathlype Mathematical Equation Editor USER MANUAL Published By Design Science Inc 4028 Broadway Long Beach CA 90803 U S A Phone 562 433 0685 Fax 562 433 6969 E mail info dessci com Technical Support support dessci com Web www desscl com Copyright 1987 2004 by Design Science Inc All rights reserved MathType MathPage MathZoom MathPlayer MathFlow and The best thing for writing equations since chalk are trademarks of Design Science Inc Macintosh Keynote and TrueType are trademarks of Apple Computer Inc Times and Helvetica are registered trademarks of Allied Corporation Adobe Adobe Type Manager FrameMaker InDesign PageMaker and PostScript are trademarks of Adobe Systems Inc TX is a trademark of the American Mathematical Society Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation HP LaserJet DeskJet and PCL are trademarks of Hewlett Packard Corporation QuarkXPress is a registered trademark of Quark Inc WordPerfect is a registered trademark of Corel Corporation All other company and product names are trademarks and or registered trademarks of their respective owners Portions of GIF technology are licensed from Unisys Corp under U S Patent No 4 558 302 and foreign counterparts First Printing January 2004 Table of Contents Table of Contents Chapter 1 INTOAUCHON riisiin 1 PDOUE MUN Ey Orense EO
40. Numbers command on the MathType menu 6 Format Equation Numbers Number Format f OK fe Simple Format i e Naka Tt E Chapter Number _ Cancel aA o_o Section Number i Help y E Equation Number 12 3 A enclosure Ki Separator PE Advanced Format a a Format Preview lt 1 1 gt Change the equation number format for iv New equation numbers f Whole document Options vi Update equation numbers automatically Ki Alert when inserting first equation number iv Alert when inserting equation references Use format as default for new documents 3 The settings should appear as shown above The top group of items controls the number format We want to add a chapter number so check the Chapter Number checkbox Notice how the preview changes to lt 1 1 1 gt 49 50 MathType User Manual 4 Check the Whole document checkbox so that the changes we make will be applied to all existing equation numbers Then click OK You ll notice that the document has changed and the equation numbers now read lt 1 2 1 gt lt 1 2 2 gt etc This is because the chapter section break at the start of the document sets the chapter number to 1 This was added to the document when we inserted the first equation number Let s pretend we want to set this to be Chapter 2 5 Choose the Modify Chapter Section Break command on the MathType menu and the following dialog wil
41. age You ll see the appearance of the equation change Anti aliasing works better for some equations than others in general it s better on large equations than small ones The default HTML code generated by MathType includes the GIF filename and its dimensions and is sufficient for most cases You can modify this code in the Web and GIF Preferences dialog consult this dialog s Help for more details Saving an equation as a screen resolution GIF image provides for fast downloads but it will not print with laser printer quality For better printing create the GIF at a higher resolution at the cost of increased download time For most uses 300 dpi is sufficient higher resolutions aren t noticeably better unless you re printing on a very high resolution device 61 62 MathType User Manual Watch the Status Bar As you move the mouse over items in the palettes MathType s Status bar displays a brief description of the current item including its keyboard shortcut if one has been defined To use a high resolution GIF first generate it at a lower resolution either 96 or 120 dpi Paste the HTML that MathType generates into your document this contains the appropriate screen size for the equation in the browser Now re save the same file using the same name but at a higher resolution When displayed on the screen the browser will scale down the GIF When printed it will use the full resolution of the GIF The screen display ma
42. age on a master document you get a table of contents page the master document itself containing links to each of the subdocument pages The table of contents is a little crude and you ll probably want to clean it up a 91 92 MathType User Manual little in an HTML editor an exception to our Always make changes in Word rule But you ve now created a set of linked pages that make it much easier for your audience to view in a browser than one huge page In addition cross document links work perfectly be they Word s own hyperlinks or equation number references Copying Web Pages to a Web Server It s easy to copy a page generated by MathPage to a web server simply use your favorite FTP program However it is essential that you copy all of the required files or the page will not display properly in a browser The files created by MathPage vary depending on the type of page created Typically when you create a web page called MyPage htm the following files and folders are created MyPage htm main page containing HTML code MyPage_Files folder containing GIFs and other supporting files There may be one or two additional files created as well For the latest details consult TechNote 91 in the Support section of the Design Science web site at www dessci com To copy a web page to a web server just copy all files and the supporting folder Note the MathPage js file is the same for all web pages and can be shared between multipl
43. all the slots in the equation and will eventually reach the position shown regardless of where it started out If you want to move the insertion point by clicking click somewhere near the point indicated by the arrow in the picture above You might want to use the Show Nesting command on the View menu to make this easier 19 Type nX 20 Place an over bar on the X by clicking on the icon in the palette In MathType embellishments of this type are always added to the character to the left of the insertion point You can even add several embellishments to the same character For more details look for Embellishments in MathType s online help 21 Enter the superscript 2 by using the template It works just the same way as the 1 template that we used earlier The equation is now complete well maybe it is see the next step below 22 We hope you re happy with the way MathType formats your equation but if you re not we ve provided a way for you to make some fine adjustments of your own You can select any item or group of items in the usual way and nudge them either horizontally or vertically in steps of one pixel screen dot If you view your equation at 800 scale you can make adjustments as small as an eighth of a point To nudge items use the following keystrokes COMMAND lt nudges the selected items to the left by one pixel COMMAND nudges the selected items upward by one pixel COMMAND gt nudges the
44. alling under Classic in OS X If you are only using OS 9 x you can ignore the rest of this section If you are using OS X only with OS X applications Office X AppleWorks for OS X etc then you can ignore the rest of this section too If your Macintosh runs OS X or newer and you intend to use MathType with an older version of Microsoft Word e g Word 98 or Word 2001 or another OS 9 application then you need to install MathType under Classic as well as under OS X This is required even if you also use MathType with OS X applications The two installations are necessary because some of the files fonts etc are installed into system specific locations The Classic and OS X installations are quite separate and we recommend you install them into separate folders We recommend you first install MathType under OS X and then under Classic To install MathType under Classic select the MathType Installer icon in the Finder and choose the Get Info command on the File menu In the Info window that opens check the Open in the Classic Environment checkbox and close the window Then install MathType choosing a different location typically in the Applications Mac OS 9 folder You ll need to re enter your registration number these are effectively two separate installations Finally you should select the MathType icon in the MathType folder the Installer opens this for you and check its Open in the Classic Environment checkbox in the same way as
45. als sums integrals products matrices and various types of brackets and braces You create equations simply by inserting templates and filling in their slots You can insert templates into the slots of other templates so complex hierarchical formulas can be built up in a natural way In addition MathType provides on screen icons for over 214 special mathematical symbols many of which are unique to MathType and are not available in the standard Symbol font You can insert these symbols into an equation simply by clicking on them you don t need to remember anything about fonts and keystroke combinations You can easily modify MathType s user interface to speed up your work It provides a set of customizable toolbars on which you can place templates common equation fragments or any character from any font on your computer Then you can insert these items into your equations with just a single click Any of MathType s symbols and templates and most of its other commands and operations can also be accessed via the keyboard rather than the mouse You can even design a custom keyboard layout to fit your own way of working Intelligence MathType is intelligent in the sense that it understands mathematics and the established rules of mathematical typesetting For example it automatically MathType User Manual resizes square root signs and parentheses to fit their contents inserts appropriately sized spaces around mathematical
46. and re open the previous version To do this save a MathType preference file using MathType s Save To File command on the Equation Preferences sub menu Then in Word use the MathType menu s Set Equation Preferences command to load the preferences from this file The preferences are copied into your document and stored as a set of custom document properties Consequently once you ve done this you don t need to keep the preference file around In fact you can send your Word document to another MathType user and your preferences will be used whenever they insert new equations MathType 5 equations contain the preferences with which they were created However equations created by older versions of MathType 3 x and earlier do not contain this information and will be reformatted with MathType s current preferences when you edit them If you are going to edit an old document you can use the Format Equations command to update the equations This will incorporate their preferences just like new equations Tutorial 11 contains an example of using this command Converting between Equation Formats The Convert Equations command lets you convert all or some of the equations in your document into a different equation format It can find MathType OLE equations Word EQ fields and MathType text equations e g TEX or MathML in your document and convert them to either MathType OLE equations or MathType text equations You can also update
47. ange the style of the next character you type to the User 1 or User 2 style For example if you assign Euclid Math One to User 1 you can insert the character by typing COMMAND U then L New Functions You can customize the list of functions MathType recognizes using the Functions Recognized command on the Preferences menu Vector Matrix The Vector Matrix style is used for characters representing vector or matrix quantities It is usually defined to be the same font as the Variable style but is given a bold character style instead of italic Some people like to use sans serif fonts such as Arial or Helvetica to denote vector or matrix quantities Number Not too surprisingly the Number style is used for numbers i e any of the ten digits 0 9 You will probably want it to be the same as the primary font If you are making tables with columns of numbers you should define your number style to be a font in which all the numerals are the same width so that your columns line up properly Most fonts have this property even ones like Times whose alphabetic characters have proportional widths but a few do not User 1 and User 2 The User 1 and User 2 styles are provided so that you can set up your own font and character style combinations and assign them to characters quickly and consistently These styles may be used for special notation such as an alternative character style for variables or for assigning some font tha
48. applications enable you to place a MathType equation within a line of text that is to produce an inline equation as opposed to a display equation that has its own paragraph An equation imported into the middle of a sentence should sit level with the surrounding text e g Va b To accomplish this the baseline of the equation must be adjusted to match the baseline of the text Many word processing and page layout applications handle this automatically but some do not In these cases you may be able to manually adjust the baseline of the equation Some applications enable you to adjust the vertical position of a selected equation using a subscript formatting command If this works in your particular application MathType can give you a hint as to the right distance to move the equation down When you copy an equation to the clipboard from within the equation window MathType will briefly display the baseline distance in points in the Status Bar For example if the Status Bar indicates B 5 then you will need to subscript your equation by 5 points after pasting it into your document Equation Numbering If you use Microsoft Word MathType adds commands to do most of the work involved in equation numbering for you See Tutorials 9 and 10 for more details If you are not using Microsoft Word you can format equation numbers using tabs For example using a centering tab stop in the center of your word processor document a
49. apter is as follows Chapter 2 Getting Started Tells you how to install MathType You should read this chapter Chapter 3 Basic Concepts Describes the fundamental ideas and techniques used in MathType and the tutorial examples You should at least glance through this chapter Chapter 4 Tutorials Provides step by step instructions for working through some simple examples Some of the tutorials cover basic concepts and are the easiest way to learn MathType we highly recommend that you take a few minutes to work through them Other tutorials are more advanced and are useful whenever you need a step by step introduction to one of MathType s more powerful features Chapter 5 Working with Other Applications This chapter recommends techniques for using MathType with other applications You should read this chapter to learn about the different ways of incorporating MathType equations into your documents Chapter 6 Creating Web Pages Containing Equations Describes MathType s Export to MathPage command which is the easiest way to generate Web pages containing equations This chapter also covers other ways of adding equations to Web pages Chapters 7 Fonts Styles Sizes and Spacing This chapter covers MathType s automatic formatting and its system of styles sizes and spacing You should read this chapter to learn how to use MathType s preference files to give your equations a consistent look Chapters 8 Advanced Format
50. are shown in bold type 1 Open anew Word document and type a few lines of text just to make the situation a bit more realistic 2 Now we re ready to insert a MathType equation If you installed MathType correctly there should be a MathType menu towards the right hand end of the Word menu bar as shown below Word File Edit View Insert Format Font Tools Table MathType Window toaaB Pe ae AY S41 Mnara F Times ARAB 7 i g oo PS SEES gw H 02 eee EI llil illl ipi A eb From the MathType menu choose the Insert Display Equation command This will open a MathType window ready for you to start creating the equation If for some reason neither the MathType menu nor the MathType toolbar is available in Word you can use Word s Insert Object command for now choose Object on the Insert menu and choose MathType 5 0 Equation from the list of object types displayed See Chapter 5 to learn about other ways to insert an equation either in Word or other applications 3 Inthe MathType window type y You don t have to type a space between the y and the because MathType takes care of the spacing automatically To help you break the habit of typing spaces the spacebar is disabled most of the Chapter 4 Tutorials Fraction Template As you hold the mouse pointer over the palette items their name is displayed in the status bar at the bottom of the MathType window This will hel
51. as Times and Symbol are somewhat mismatched Of course if you use the Euclid fonts in your equations you will probably want to use Euclid as the primary body font in your word processing document too 4 Inthe Define Styles dialog which should still be open from step 3 click Reset to return to using the Times and Symbol fonts 9 Click on the Advanced button to display a more extensive form of the Define Styles dialog This is shown below Chapter 4 Tutorials Tip The changes you make in this dialog apply to the current equation Check Use for new equations to use the settings for new equations as well More About Styles The subject of MathType s styles is covered in more detail in Chapter 7 Advanced _ Simple Cancel Style Font Character Style Help Bold Italic Vector Matrix Times ss Function T Use for new equations U C Greek Extra Math The names of the eleven styles are listed in the dialog box together with the font and character style assigned to each The equation you have just created uses the Function Variable L C Greek Number and Symbol styles The letters exp are recognized as the abbreviation for the exponential function and are assigned the Function style u x and y are treated as variables and assigned the Variable style gand o being lowercase Greek letters are assigned the L C lowercase Greek style and the numbers in the fraction use the Numbe
52. ations print with laser printer quality 7 With most browsers you can click in an equation and drag it to a MathType window A new MathType window opens containing the equation This great feature means that you and people who view your pages can make use of the equations without having to re create them You ll see that the equation number and reference display properly too Equation references also act as hyperlinks to the equation number they reference although you ll need a larger document than this to see this in action If you want to experiment some more you can modify the Word document and run the Export to MathPage command again Although it s possible to directly edit the Web page we strongly recommend that you perform your editing in Word The generated Web page contains a lot of script blocks and if they re incorrectly modified the page may not display properly in a browser Try adding some more equations to the text and perhaps some equation number references You could also try adding a table to see how it appears in a Web page in general tables should be used for alignment and layout rather than using tabs For more information about MathPage see Chapter 6 of this manual MathType s online help and the MathType Web site at www dessci com Tutorial 15 Creating Web Pages with GIF Files This tutorial teaches you another way to create Web pages containing equations This approach should only be used when converting a W
53. ays be mentioned explicitly as in the example above However many of MathType s shortcuts use non alphabetic characters they ve been chosen for their mnemonic value For example typing COMMAND inserts the if template In some cases to generate the mnemonic character you must also hold down SHIFT When documenting these kinds of shortcuts in this manual and in MathType itself we do not explicitly state that the SHIFT key needs to be held down However when you enter the shortcut you need to be aware of this So for example the keyboard shortcut for inserting a i template is written as COMMAND not COMMAND SHIFT or COMMAND SHIFT 19 20 MathType User Manual Chapter 4 Tutorials Chapter 4 Tutorials Undo and Redo You can also correct mistakes by using the Undo command on MathType s Edit menu In MathType 5 you can Undo and Redo an unlimited number of times Before You Start This chapter contains several tutorial examples illustrating various ways to use MathType We provide step by step instructions for each example so you should find it easy to work through them Each tutorial should take you no more than 10 minutes and they are by far the best way to learn MathType Don t worry if the level of the math in the tutorials is not what you use in your job The techniques you ll learn are the same regardless of the level of the math Before you start however there are a few things to bear in mind Fi
54. before Chapter 2 Getting Started Memory In OS 9 MathType s memory partition is set to 4MB If you typically create large equations or like to keep several equation windows open simultaneously you may want to increase this size In addition we recommend you increase the size of Microsoft Word s partition by at least 7MB from its default size This change only needs to be made if you re running MathType under OS 9 or under Classic in OS X What to do Next Registering MathType Now that you ve installed MathType you re probably ready to start creating Please register your equations But if you have a few minutes you might want to look over the rest e sre tls of us chapter especially if you are upgrading from Equation Editor or an earlier of complementary version of MathType products and upgrades Once you have finished with this chapter you have two choices as to what to do next If you want to understand the basic ideas behind MathType read Chapter 3 The various elements shown in the MathType window are all described there On the other hand if you re an experienced Macintosh user and you re feeling impatient and impetuous you can turn to Chapter 4 and start working through the quick and easy tutorials MathType is very simple and intuitive and adheres closely to user interface standards so you will probably get the hang of it fairly quickly In the unlikely event that something seems a little strange or confu
55. bols The symbol on the palette is an alignment symbol If you place an alignment symbol within a tab group then it is automatically used as the reference position for that group regardless of what type of tab stop you used In other words alignment symbols override all other reference positions Note that this symbol only appears in the equation in the MathType window It will not appear when printed or in other applications Tabs and Alignment In MathType s Format menu you will see five alignment commands that closely parallel the five tab stop types described above In some cases you may be able to use these commands to obtain the formatting you want instead of using tabs For example if you simply want to align two equations at their equal signs you should use the Align at command rather than a relational tab stop You should not try to use a combination of tab stops and alignment commands to format the same line As in a word processor the two formatting mechanisms interact with each other in rather unpredictable ways and you are not likely to get the results you want Tabs of any of the five types will only work predictably in lines that are left aligned Appendix A MathType s Fonts Appendix A MathType s Fonts The following table lists MathType s fonts We ve also listed Symbol although this font is installed as part of the Mac OS not MathType Font charts showing the various glyphs in each font are avai
56. box if you want to replace each exported equation with the corresponding file name For example the above settings would insert the text lt lt Eqn001 eps gt gt in place of the first exported equation Clear this checkbox if you want to leave the equations in the document unmodified 6 Choose the Whole document option if you want to export all equations in the document The Current selection option is enabled only when you select a portion of the document before running the Export Equations command 7 Click OK to start the exporting process When the process has finished a dialog appears indicating how many equations were exported 67 68 MathType User Manual What To Do Next This concludes the last of our tutorials We certainly haven t covered everything that MathType can do but if all went well then you ve grasped the basic principles Chapter 5 contains additional information about using MathType with other applications Chapter 6 introduces MathType s MathPage technology and shows how you can generate great looking Web pages from Word documents Chapters 7 and 8 cover MathType styles and advanced formatting It s not necessary to read them immediately but once you ve progressed beyond creating simple equations you ll find them worth reading The index is very complete so it should be quite easy for you to find the information you need If you get stuck please get in touch with us our contact inf
57. by breaking long documents into smaller sections and making each one an individual Web page Also see the section on master documents below e Don t use positioned or floating elements containing equations MathPage currently ignores these items and although they do get converted into HTML any symbols and equations in these elements will not be handled properly You can use simple left or right alignment on graphics and other elements to achieve proper display in the browser e Update equations before using MathPage You can use documents containing equations created by other versions of MathType or Equation Editor including documents authored on a Macintosh computer In these cases for best results you should run the Format Equations command before generating a Web page you only need to run it once and then save the document MathType s online help contains more information about the conversion process including some useful links to Microsoft s web site It also lists some known issues with various browsers Master Documents Word s Master Document feature enables you to manage a large document as a set of smaller individual files called subdocuments The master document contains links to the subdocuments and you can work with individual subdocuments or with the entire master document as a whole Master Documents can be tricky to work with for more information see Word s Help or other Word documentation When you run MathP
58. by using the Reset command on the Size menu This disables the explicit size and makes the character s size controlled by the settings in the Define Sizes dialog Choosing Fonts for Math Documents Choosing which fonts to use in your documents is largely a matter of personal taste but there are some general guidelines that you might want to follow Serifs vs Sans Serif For writing technical documents fonts having serifs small horizontal strokes at the tops and bottoms of characters are usually preferred to those that do not Among the well known fonts Times Bookman and New Century Schoolbook all have serifs The Arial and Helvetica fonts do not have serifs so they re referred to as sans serif fonts sans serif is French for without serifs 107 108 MathType User Manual Using Euclid Fonts To use the Euclid fonts in your equations use the Define Styles command click Simple choose Euclid as the Primary font and Euclid Symbol and Euclid Extra for Greek and math fonts A Font s x height You may also want to consider the height of a fonts lowercase characters relative to their point size This is referred to as the font s x height It turns out that the Symbol font s lowercase characters are about 10 taller than those in the Times font but are roughly the same height as those in the Bookman font For this reason some people may think that ox tz Symbol and Bookman looks bet
59. change the point size but you d follow the same steps if this were the case These are the changes we need to make e Modify Word s body style to use Bookman instead of Times e Modify MathType s styles to use Bookman instead of Times e Update the existing equations in the document to use the new font The first two steps are very similar to how we originally created the styles and added them to the Word document so we won t go through them in detail The first step involves using Word s Style dialog the second step requires MathType s Define Styles dialog The third step involves the Format Equations command on the MathType menu 7 Choose the Format Equations command and the Format Equations dialog will appear This dialog allows you to reformat the equations in your document and provides you with several ways to determine the equation preferences that are applied The choices are e The equation preferences already stored in this document e MathType s current equation preferences for new equations e The equation preferences contained in a MathType equation you ve copied to the clipboard e The equation preferences contained in a MathType preference file Chapter 4 Tutorials Tip Click Help for more details on the other options Choosing Styles Another way to pick a Style is to CONTROL CLICK in the Style panel of the status bar and select the style from the menu that appears For this example
60. characters inserted in this way divide the items in a line into several groups called tab groups Each group is bordered by a tab character at each end except the last group in the line which has a tab to its left and extends to the end of the line The formatting of each of these tab groups is controlled by the corresponding tab stop the first tab stop controls the first group the second tab stop controls the second group and so on Specifically MathType moves the entire tab group horizontally until some reference position within it is aligned directly below the corresponding tab stop The reference position that s used is determined by the type of tab stop For example if the tab stop is a left tab then the left end of the tab group is used as the reference position and is therefore aligned with the tab stop For other types of tab stops reference positions are determined as follows Type of Tab Stop Reference Position in Tab Group Left Left end of group Right Right end of group Center Center of group Decimal First decimal point in group or left end Relational First relational operator in group or left end The decimal point character will be either a period or a comma depending on your settings in the International System Preference panel Regional Control Panel in OS 9 Relational operators include equals signs inequality signs like lt gt lt 2 lt gt and other similar symbols such as x Alignment Sym
61. choose the Web and GIF Preferences command from the Preferences menu This dialog contains options for setting the GIF file s resolution dots per inch the image s background and the HTML code to generate when the GIF file is saved For now check the Copy HTML Text to clipboard on GIF file save item 3 Create a simple equation in MathType and choose Save As on the File Menu 4 Select GIF File Format type in the file name you desire and save the equation in the same folder as your HTML document MathType will generate HTML code for this equation and copy it to the clipboard 5 Using your HTML editor bring the HTML document to the front 6 Place the insertion point where you want the equation to be inserted If you are using a text editor you can paste the HTML into your document If you are using a WYSIWYG HTML editor you will have to use its method for inserting plain HTML code look for an Insert HTML or View Source command T Save your HTML document and open it in your Web browser You will see the equation embedded in your Web page You can anti alias MathType equations to improve their appearance in Web pages This technique smoothes their edges and makes them look less jagged 8 Switch back to MathType open the Web and GIF Preferences dialog check Smooth edges anti aliasing and then close the dialog 9 Save the MathType equation then switch back to your browser and refresh the current p
62. clicking somewhere near its lt sign copy it to the clipboard and then paste it into the new empty slot You should now have two identical copies of the first equation one directly beneath the other Now just edit the lower copy to produce the second equation To change the toa y just select the and press COMMAND G followed by y 11 Finally we re going to experiment with some different ways of aligning the two equations You can center or right justify them by using the Align Center and Align Right commands on the Format menu Give this a try just to see how it looks 12 In fact you will probably want to align these two equations so that their lt signs are directly above one another To do this we choose the Align at command from the Format menu It will work even though we have lt signs rather than signs You can align the equations in other ways by using alignment symbols You simply insert an alignment symbol in each equation at the two points that you d like to have aligned However note that alignment symbols inserted into template slots will not work Placing an alignment symbol to the right of each of the two lt signs would give the same results as using the Align at command for instance The alignment symbol is represented by the icon in the Symbol Palettes it s located in the palette 13 You may also want to adjust the line spacing or leading pronounced ledding i e the amount of vertical
63. cter style as your primary font MathType automatically recognizes standard mathematical functions and you can also add your own See the Function Recognition section later in this chapter Variable The Variable style is used for alphabetic characters representing ordinary mathematical variables and constants in your equations You will normally define your Variable style to be the same font as your primary font but with italic character style Lower Case Greek The Lower Case Greek style is used for lower case Greek characters It is usually defined to be the Symbol or Euclid Symbol font with italic character style Upper Case Greek As you might expect the Upper Case Greek style is used for upper case Greek characters It is usually defined to be the Symbol or Euclid Symbol font but its character style is a matter of personal taste some people like to have their upper case Greek characters italicized and some people don t Symbol The Symbol style is used for many mathematical operators such as and for summation and product signs and for other special characters In order for MathType to work correctly the Symbol style must be defined to be the Symbol font the Euclid Symbol font or some other font with exactly the same font encoding as Symbol i e the same set of characters in the same positions Chapter 7 Fonts Styles Sizes and Spacing Keyboard Shortcuts Convenient keyboard shortcuts are available that ch
64. cture or object by your word processing presentation or page layout application Most applications provide ways of moving and resizing graphics and you can use these same techniques to modify MathType equations In many applications you can move equations horizontally either by using tabs or by adjusting paragraph formats and margins 71 72 MathType User Manual Selecting for Resizing Many applications have two distinct ways to select an equation within a document but only one of these ways will allow you to modify the equation s size Right Wrong Resizing an Equation Object You can resize an equation object by clicking on it to select it see the tip to the left and then dragging one of the handles small black squares on the box around the selected equation Some applications such as Microsoft Word automatically keep the aspect ratio ratio of height to width of the graphic as you resize it In other applications you may need to hold down the SHIFT key while resizing to preserve aspect ratio If your application doesn t support preserving the aspect ratio while resizing an equation you may want to resize the equation in MathType using the Define command on the Size menu Use a larger or smaller Full size to obtain the overall size you need This will avoid the distortion that inevitably occurs when an equation is resized without maintaining the aspect ratio Inline Equations Many word processing
65. cuments in the Support area of the MathType site at www dessci com You can also find information on some specific products in MathType s online help Inserting Equations into a Document There are several ways you can insert equations into documents created by your word processor or other application The method you choose depends on the capabilities of the application you re using Applications that support OLE Object Linking and Embedding or EGO Edit Graphic Object are typically the easiest to use OLE is a Microsoft technology that allows applications to share data Although very common on Windows it s more or less restricted to Microsoft Office applications and components on the Macintosh EGO is a similar technology and is used by AppleWorks DeltaGraph and several other applications Using OLE or EGO you can insert objects e g equations created by another application directly into your document These objects are said to be embedded in the document You can edit them using the original application e g MathType 69 70 Equation Editor Users Once MathType has been installed most applications that have a toolbar button for using Equation Editor will start MathType instead Double clicking existing equations in your document will open MathType also MathType User Manual by double clicking on them in your document With both technologies MathType can be used to edit equations created in Equation Editor The f
66. cut will assign the Vector Matrix style to the next character so you can press COMMAND B followed by I to get the I and COMMAND B followed by A for the A Alternatively you can just type all the characters first and then select them and change their styles using the commands on the Style menu Either way your equation should now look like this P A det AI A 2 Type the second sign and insert a vertical bar template by choosing the icon It s located in the 2 J palette 3 Insert a 2x2 matrix template inside the vertical bars by choosing the fn icon from the 0 2B look like this palette or by typing CONTROL M 2 Your equation should now pd det al A lt 39 40 MathType User Manual Drag and Drop You can also drag the term and drop itin the other slots Remember you need to hold down the OPTION key to copy the term 4 The insertion point will be in the top left slot of the 2x2 matrix so enter the expression a there 5 We re going to create the other entries in the matrix by cutting and pasting Select the A a by double clicking on it copy it to the Clipboard and paste it into the other three slots in the matrix The result should be as shown below it s not right of course but we re going to fix it up in a few moments A i P A det Al A i di hi A a 6 Next we re going to put a little extra space between the vertical bars and th
67. d when importing into other programs that don t handle embedded graphics properly Equation Size When MathType creates an equation it makes it as small as possible while attempting to ensure that parts of it won t get clipped off when it s displayed on the screen or printed Exporting Equations The Export Equations command lets you export some or all of the equations in your document to individual graphic files Tutorial 18 demonstrates how to do this Here are some additional tips for using this command The Delete all files of same type in folder option can be very useful especially if you re exporting equations into a folder that already contains some files You can use it to delete all existing files with the same file extension as the exported files which may help if you ever need to copy these files somewhere else You should be careful when using this option though and make sure you ve selected the right folder or else you may end up deleting the wrong files The file name pattern works in the same way as the pattern feature in MathType s Save As dialog A pattern of Eqn will create file Eqn001 Eqn002 i e the characters represent a 0 or a digit If there are more than 999 equations the numbers will still work as expected Eqn1000 The Replace equation with file name option replaces every exported equation with the name of its corresponding file just the file name not the whole path This can b
68. e chapter section break will be hidden and the equation numbers in the document will all start with 2 If you ve followed these steps your document should look something like this We now have two basic equations cos 0 sin 0 1 Lide cos 0 sin 0 cos 20 Oe Adding these two together we obtain cos 0 4 1 cos 20 lt 2 3 gt Subtracting lt 2 2 gt from lt 2 1 gt gives sin 0 4 1 cos 26 lt 2 4 gt Using lt 2 4 gt we can show that cos 20 1 2sin 0 MathType s equation numbering commands can support three levels of numbering e g chapter section and equation numbers You can control the format of the numbers and create your own custom formats The following tutorial shows you how to do this we ll use the document we created in this tutorial so don t delete it Chapter 4 Tutorials Tutorial 10 Advanced Equation Numbering in Microsoft Word The simple equation numbering example shown in the previous tutorial is sufficient for many documents but sometimes you may need to create a third level of numbers For example your document may require chapter section and equation numbers Or you may find that the built in number formats don t match your needs and you d like to create a custom number format This tutorial shows you how to accomplish both tasks 1 Open the document you created in the previous tutorial 2 Open the Format Equation Numbers dialog by choosing the Format Equation
69. e elements of the matrix This is purely a matter of taste so you can skip this part if you d prefer to keep your matrix looking the way it does at present Before we enter the spaces we need to position the insertion point so that it s inside the vertical bars but to the left of and outside the matrix You can do this by clicking somewhere near the position indicated by the arrow pointer in the preceding picture Then just enter one or two thin spaces by pressing CONTROL SPACE Do the same on the right hand side of the matrix If you choose the Show All command from the View menu you ll be able to see your spaces They should look like this p A det AI A age a A a A a T After the brief digression in Step 6 it s now time to correct the entries in our matrix First delete the from the upper right slot The quickest way to do this is to place the insertion point to the right of it and press DELETE Do the same with the in the lower left slot Notice that MathType adjusts the spacing after the minus signs to reflect the fact that they are now unary operators rather than binary operators negation rather than subtraction 8 Change all the subscripts in the matrix to their desired values The 11 in the upper left slot is correct already but we should have 12 in the upper right slot 21 in the lower left and 22 in the lower right You can double click on the existing subscripts to s
70. e added a button to Word s toolbar to insert Equation Editor equations you ll find that this button now launches MathType You can control this in the Object Editing Preferences dialog on MathType s Preferences menu MathType s Commands for Word MathType s Installer installs a Word template file into your Microsoft Office Startup folder The file is called MathType Commands dot A copy of this file is also installed into the Office Support folder inside your MathType folder This folder also contains another template called WordCmds dot and a Read Me file that contains additional information The Word templates contain several commands that greatly simplify the process of creating and editing documents containing equations The commands are available in a MathType menu that s added near the right hand end of Word s menu bar Some of the more commonly used commands are also included in a MathType toolbar that behaves exactly like Word s built in toolbars The commands can be divided into the following categories e Inserting equations e Equation numbering e Controlling the appearance of equations in documents e Converting between equation formats e Exporting equations as individual graphics files e Generating Web pages You may notice a slight delay the first time you use the MathType commands after starting Word Word takes a couple of seconds to load all the commands but this delay only occurs the first time yo
71. e that you have created a two line pile within the template and that each pile in MathType has its own tab stops 6 Select the n in the first line and choose Math from the Style menu This makes MathType interpret the n as a mathematical quantity i e a variable and will therefore apply the Variable style typically italic Do the same to the n in the second line 7 Place the insertion point somewhere within one of the two lines on the right hand side of the equation click on the tab well and then click on the Ruler just before the 11 2 inch mark to set a left tab stop click below the line in the Ruler This will remove all default tab stops to the left of the new tab stop Your equation should now be aligned as shown below l z 9 76x when n is even If this is how we want the equation formatted then our work is finished c x However there are several other options that are worth exploring 8 First we re going to align the two x s Insert a tab character CONTROL TAB at the start of each of the two lines This will cause each line to be shifted so that its left hand side aligns with the left tab stop The text phrase in each line since it is separated by another tab character will align with the first available default tab stop to the right of the x Chapter 4 Tutorials 9 Next click on the tab well and then click on the Ruler just to the left of the previous tab stop This should produce the fol
72. e useful when importing the document into another program and then re importing the equations The replaced equations look like this lt lt Eqn001 eps gt gt Generating Web Pages The Export to MathPage command lets you generate a Web page from a Word document complete with equations that display align and print properly This command is covered in Chapter 6 Line Spacing in Word When you insert inline equations into Word documents you may notice that Word frequently increases the line spacing around the lines containing inline equations even when it appears that no adjustment is necessary This happens for any inserted graphic not just equations and occurs when Word s line spacing is set to Single the default setting 1 5 Lines Double or Multiple The result is that documents can contain uneven line spacing which some people find undesirable The effect is less noticeable the larger you set your line spacing An alternative is to use the Exactly setting This keeps Word s line spacing the same for every line however some inline equations may have their tops and or bottoms clipped off if they re too large The trick is to enter a value large enough to accommodate the tallest inline equation in your document and to carefully check your printed output A good starting value is one about 20 larger than the main point size of your document For example if your document is based on a 10 pt font enter 12 pt for the line spacing s
73. e web pages If you saved 10 web pages in the same folder you d have 10 htm files 10 supporting folders but just one MathPagejs file This can be a good approach to laying out your site as it means that if you ever need to update to a newer version of the MathPage js file there will be only one copy to replace Editing a MathPage Generated Web Page If you need to modify a web page that you ve produced using MathPage it s best to open the original Word document make the changes and use the Export To MathPage command again We do not recommend opening a MathPage generated page directly in Word MathPage inserts a lot of script code in the page and also removes a lot of Word specific information in order to keep the download time as short as possible If you do open a page and edit it in Word the equations and symbols may not display properly You can open a page in a standard HTML or text editor However be very careful when making changes it s safest to work on a copy If you only make changes outside of MathPage s script blocks the page will continue to work properly The changes may need to be repeated if you ever regenerate the page from the original Word document Chapter 6 Creating Web Pages Containing Equations Other Terms Some HTML authoring applications use the term Import instead of Insert and Graphic instead of Image Creating Web Pages with Other Authoring Programs You can also create Web pages contai
74. ed many of the problems you run into when using Word s Save As Web Page command on a document with equations These include e Baseline alignment of inline equations e Centering of display equations e Display and printing of equations on multiple browsers e g Microsoft Internet Explorer Safari Netscape Navigator and multiple platforms Macintosh Windows Linux Unix e Display of mathematical symbols on multiple platforms and browsers without requiring special fonts to be installed e Proper line spacing e MathType s equation numbers and references display properly and the references act as hyperlinks In addition we ve also implemented some extra features 87 88 MathType User Manual e Our MathZoom technology allows equations to be magnified in the browser making it easier to see small text such as subscripts superscripts primes hats etc e Equations can be dragged from Internet Explorer directly into MathType in all browsers equation files can be saved and then opened in MathType e Equations can be converted to images which work in any browser or to MathML which requires specific browsers or plug ins More information about MathPage can be found in MathType s online help and on the Design Science web site at www dessci com The Web site is the main source of new information such as compatibility issues with the latest browsers The Export To MathPage Dialog Tutorial 14 shows how to con
75. egral and product templates behave much the same as summation templates so what you learn in this tutorial will be useful in a variety of other situations The steps required to create the formula are as follows 1 Open anew Word document and type a few lines of text 2 Choose the Insert Display Equation command from Word s MathType menu or MathType toolbar This will open a MathType window ready for you to start creating the equation 3 Enter ao One way to do this is to choose it from the palette Alternatively you could use its keyboard shortcut The keyboard shortcuts for toolbar items are displayed in the status bar as you move the mouse over them In this case you can press COMMAND G followed by s 4 Next create slots for the subscript and superscript on the o by clicking on the icon in the Small Bar Subscripts and superscripts are rather small In order to better see what s happening make sure you ve chosen at least 200 viewing scale in the Zoom submenu of the View menu 5 The insertion point will be located in the newly created subscript slot Type the subscript X 6 Move the insertion point up into the superscript slot either by clicking in it or by pressing the TAB key Then type the number 2 into the superscript slot 7 Now let s move the insertion point to the location shown below Z O xy Either press the TAB key or click somewhere out to the right of the equation as shown in the picture Be caref
76. elect them and then type the correct values over them just as you would in a word processor Your equation should now look like this A P A det AI A Ai dis LLI a Aa Chapter 4 Tutorials Modifying a Matrix The Matrix submenu on the Format menu contains commands for adding and deleting rows and columns 9 The equation is now essentially complete although there are a few more formatting options that you may want to try out First you might want to shift the entire matrix down so that its top row is aligned with the rest of the equation To do this place the insertion point in any cell in the matrix and choose Align at Top from the Format menu Also it might be nice to right justify the entries in each column To do this place the insertion point in any cell in the matrix choose the Change Matrix command from the Matrix submenu on the Format menu and click on the button labeled Right in the dialog box Finally if you object to the fact that MathType tightened the spacing after the unary minus signs you can put the spaces back in again though this would mean deviating from standard typesetting conventions They should be thick spaces one third of an em The thick space is the middle one in the second row of the palette If you prefer to use the keyboard you can insert a thick space by pressing CONTROL SHIFT SPACE Alternatively since a thick space is the same width as two thin spaces you can get the sa
77. emoved from the Left Bracket command When assigning new shortcuts always check that you don t accidentally overwrite an existing shortcut 6 Press DELETE once and then type OPTION This time there s no current assignment Now click the Assign button and you ll see the shortcut appear in the Current Keys list as well as being appended to the Open Brackets item in the list of commands 7 Click Close to close the dialog then type COMMAND T followed by OPTION You ll see the i template appear in the equation window As there are so many commands available in MathType both one key and two key shortcuts are supported MathType defines shortcuts for many templates using the form COMMAND T followed by another character which is why we used this particular combination Of course you re free to define your own schemes as you see fit Assigning a Shortcut to a Toolbar Expression 8 Make sure the Small Tabbed Bar is visible and click on the Algebra tab We re going to assign a shortcut to the V2 expression which should be the last item in the bar unless you ve modified the contents 9 CONTROL CLICK on the 2 expression and choose the Properties command from the context menu that appears In the Expression Properties dialog you ll see the same keyboard shortcut items we saw in the Customize Keyboard dialog 10 Enter the shortcut OPTION R for this expression and close the dialog 11 Type OPTION R and V2 will be inserted in
78. equations created in this document will always use these preferences 51l 52 MathType User Manual Line Spacing Fora more detailed discussion of this issue see Using MathType with Microsoft Word in Chapter 5 4 Now we ll create a Word style for the body of the document Choose the Style command on Word s Format menu click New and name the new style body You ll probably base it on Word s built in normal style Set the new style s font to Times 10 pt by clicking on the Format button and choosing Font Set the size to 10 than click OK to close the Font dialog 9 Click on the Format button again and this time choose Paragraph In the dialog s Indents and Spacing page change the Line Spacing option to Exactly and type 12 pt in the accompanying text box This forces Word to use this value when spacing lines of text and prevents Word applying extra spacing around lines that contain inline equations Click OK to close the dialog 6 Click OK to close the New Style dialog and then click Apply to close the Style dialog You ve now configured Word and MathType to use the same font and size definitions which will make equations closely match the look of the rest of the document Select the body style first then enter a line or two of text and insert a simple equation Now let s suppose that as so frequently happens you have to change the document s font to Bookman To keep this example simple we won t
79. er and follow the instructions MathType User Manual PostScript Users MathType s Installer copies the PostScript version of MathType s fonts into the MathType folder They re in the Fonts folder inside the MathType folder If you have Adobe Type Manager Deluxe you can use it to make the P ostS cript fonts available MathType Installer Once you have started the MathType Installer just follow the instructions presented to you The Installer will install the following components e The MathType application e MathType s fonts in TrueType format e MathType commands for Microsoft Word 98 2001 and X e MathType commands for Microsoft PowerPoint 98 2001 and X You may notice a slight delay as the Installer searches your hard disk s for all installed versions of Microsoft Office Installing under OS X installs the commands for Office X installing under OS 9 or Classic installs the commands for Office 98 and Office 2001 See Chapter 5 for more details MathType Lite You can install MathType in two different ways in full unlocked mode or in 30 day evaluation mode After 30 days the evaluation mode changes to MathType Lite mode which offers reduced functionality along the lines of Equation Editor At any time you may unlock MathType by entering your registration number You can purchase a registration number at any time from our Web site at www dessci com or by calling our Sales phone number see Chapter 1 Inst
80. er drawing programs can usually import PICT files If you re using a paint program such as Adobe Photoshop you may want to save the equations as GIF files Your graphics program may be able to import multiple formats if so you should experiment to find the best format Many paint and drawing programs will convert the equation as it s imported Once converted you won t be able to edit it back in MathType so be sure to keep the original equation around if you want to avoid re creating it Problems with Exploded Equations Some painting and drawing applications will explode an imported equation into the individual lines and text from which it is built In some cases this may be what you want to create some special graphical effect involving math for example If you are not interested in this happening you should look for a better way to import the equation as this exploding process has several disadvantages e The equation may be difficult to drag around and reposition e MathType s internal information will be lost making it impossible to bring the equation back into MathType for editing e The conversion process itself may be inaccurate resulting in poor formatting and printing Chapter 5 Working with Other Applications PowerPoint Button MathType s Installer installs a button onto Microsoft PowerP oint s toolbar that inserts a MathType equation Preference Files You can use the Times S ymbo
81. esizes of the new slots are based on the typesize of the existing slot For example if an integral template is inside a Subscript typesize slot its integrand slot is Subscript typesize its integral sign is Sub symbol typesize and its limits are in Sub subscript typesize Although you may nest templates within templates to many levels the typesizes automatically assigned to slots will never be any smaller than the Sub subscript typesize in accordance with standard mathematical typesetting rules Explicit Size Assignments For most equation typing tasks you will allow MathType to automatically assign typesizes to characters Sometimes you might want to explicitly assign either a typesize or an explicit point size to characters overriding MathType s automatic typesize assignments You do this in more or less the same way as in a word processor you can either change the current size to the desired one before you begin typing or you can assign a typesize or point size to selected characters after you type them In both cases you choose the desired typesize from the Size menu using the Other command for an explicit point size Of course there are keyboard shortcuts for all these operations Spacing MathType s formatting algorithms are controlled by a number of spacing dimensions or measurements These include subscript depth numerator height in fractions fraction bar overhang thirty dimensions in all You can adjust the values
82. etter corresponds to the letter m you can press COMMAND G followed by m Your equation should look like this 2 y J asinx c ty 16 Finish the formula by typing tanx Again notice that MathType uses plain instead of italic type for the tan function and puts thin spaces on either side of it Your finished equation should look like this es 24 y 7smnx c Tt Uutanx 17 Close the MathType window and choose Yes in response to the dialog that asks if you want to save changes This will insert your equation into the Word document in display equation form on a line by itself like this y Asinx c utanx 25 26 MathType User Manual Zoom Levels A quick way to change zoom level is to CONTROL CLICK in the Zoom panel on the Status bar Or you can type COMMAND 1 for 100 COMMAND 2 for 200 COMMAND 4 for 400 COMMAND 8 for 800 18 In other situations you might want to embed an equation within a line of text for example y J sin x c utan x rather than displaying it on a line by itself To do this use the Insert Inline Equation command from Word s MathType menu or MathType toolbar Tutorial 2 Sums Subscripts amp Superscripts In this tutorial we ll create the formula that is often used to calculate a statistical quantity known as variance The formula is l lt O us x ni i This formula illustrates the use of subscripts superscripts and summation templates Int
83. etting You make this change in Word s Paragraph dialog although as always we recommend that you create a 19 80 MathType User Manual Word style and define this style s line spacing in this way rather than applying this setting to various paragraphs in your document as needed Transferring Word Documents between Macintosh and Windows Computers You can transfer Word documents containing MathType equations between Windows and the Macintosh Because of font differences between Windows and the Macintosh you will need to update the document s equations after transferring the document We recommend using either the Convert Equations command which won t change any style settings or Format Equations if you want to apply a new set of styles e g use platform specific fonts To help with this when an equation is inserted using the Insert Equation commands the Word document is marked as containing Macintosh or Windows equations Each time a document is opened the commands search for this property and display a message informing you the equations need to be converted You can run the Convert Equations command directly from this dialog Note that previous versions of MathType didn t mark the document so the warning may not appear when opening older Word documents If you re using the latest version of Word on each platform you can typically save your document in the Word s default document format If you re using an older
84. f chapter section breaks are visible you can also edit one by double clicking on it If you want to use a chapter and or section number as part of the equation number you ll need to use the Insert Chapter Section Break command This allows you to reset or increment the chapter and or section number When creating books or articles you may have multiple chapters and sections within one document or each chapter may be in a separate document which contains multiple sections The Insert Chapter Section Break command lets you control the numbering to reflect the organization of your document s The command opens the Chapter Section Break dialog which lets you either increment or set to a specific value the chapter and or section number When you change a chapter number you usually set the section number back to 1 Chapter numbers are optional they can be ignored if they re not needed The chapter section breaks are independent of Word s sections they are only used by the equation numbering commands Normally they re hidden if you want to see where they are in your document click the button on Word s toolbar You can modify or delete a section break using the Modify Chapter Section Break command It searches backwards through your document from the current location of the insertion point looking for the preceding chapter section break The dialog allows you to change the chapter and or section number you can also delete the chap
85. f the insertion point Pressing the DEL key erases the character or symbol to the right of the insertion point When items are selected in the equation either the DELETE key or the DEL key can be used to delete the selection Pressing the RETURN key will start a new line below the original line Immediately after typing you can choose the Undo Typing command on the Edit menu to erase everything that you typed since the last non typing operation Chapter 3 Basic Concepts Keyboard Shortcuts MathType also provides keyboard shortcuts for inserting almost all symbols on the palettes These are shown in the Status Bar when the mouse is over each symbol You can also assign your own keyboard shortcut to any symbol See Tutorial 16 in Chapter 4 for more information Why the Spacebar Doesn t Work The SPACE key usually has no effect since MathType performs spacing of mathematical equations automatically Professional quality mathematical formatting involves six different space widths none of which is the same width as the space character in most fonts so it would be undesirable to insert the standard space character into your equations Many people find this a bit confusing at first but you will get used to it quickly However sometimes you might want to insert a non mathematical phrase into your equations and here the standard space is exactly what you want To do this just change the current style to Text and start typing See Tutoria
86. fect In full size slots MathType uses thick spaces around relational operators such as and lt and around arithmetic operators such as and these spaces are not used when the operator is in a reduced size slot such as a subscript Thin spaces are often used between function abbreviations and their arguments as in y logsinx 103 104 MathType User Manual Seeing Spaces Choose the Show All command on the View menu to see the spaces you have placed in your equations but not the ones that MathType inserted automatically You should manually insert thin spaces between differentials and other symbols as indydx rdrd MathType thinks that dy dx is d times y times d times x and will not insert the thin space so you have to insert it yourself You may also have to adjust MathType s spacing if you like to write open intervals in the form Ja b or a b rather than a b or a b For example if you type all the symbols directly from the keyboard the spacing in a formula like 0 2 0 1 U 1 2 will not be correct MathType will perform the spacing correctly if you use the template rather than typing the brackets Similar considerations apply to vertical bar symbols representing absolute value if you type the bars as characters from the keyboard rather than using the template then you may have to adjust the spacing yourself Another possible cause of a spacing error is typing an English word that includes a
87. files it generates This ensures that your equations will be displayed and printed with the highest possible quality However if you move your equations or the documents that contain them to another computer you must make sure that the fonts they use are available or the equations will not display or print properly EPS Encapsulated PostScript Files EPS Encapsulated PostScript files consist of the Adobe PostScript page description language used to tell a printer how to print the equation You can import EPS files into page layout programs like Adobe PageMaker FrameMaker InDesign and QuarkXPress Because the language used is a printer language that is fairly universal you can transfer equations in this format onto any other type of computer including Windows computers running MathType for Windows When using the EPS file format you have the choice of whether or not to include a PICT screen preview graphic in the file You will usually want to include this screen preview because it allows the importing application to show something on the screen while you are editing your document If you want to transfer the equation to a Windows computer that s running MathType you should save it in EPS format with no preview This format is just a plain text file and will avoid the graphics conversion problems you might encounter with other formats The method for importing equation files will depend on the program you re using See the sections
88. following related formula in our document instead 2 Sy X a i l n li The steps required are as follows 1 Open the Word document containing the equation you created in Tutorial 2 above We want to bring this equation back into MathType for editing There are several ways to do this as explained in Chapter 5 but the simplest is to double click on it This will open the equation for editing in a new MathType window 2 Select the term on the left hand side of the equation by dragging the arrow pointer across it while holding down the mouse button The selected items will be highlighted in the usual manner It should look something like this n _ om XxX nX A ia 3 Delete the selected items by using the Clear command on the Edit menu or by pressing the DELETE key or the DEL key 4 The insertion point is in the correct place immediately to the left of the sign so you can now enter the new left hand side Type in the letter s and attach the X subscript to it by using the template in the usual way 29 M athType User Manual MathType 3 Users MathType 3 required you to hold down the COMMAND key to wrap a template around the selection This is no longer necessary Color You can customize the Color menu using the Edit Color Menu command in the Color submenu 5 Next we re going to enclose the right hand side in a square root sign We re going to wrap a 4
89. haracters If you are overwhelmed by the vast array of characters shown click on Show one of each to reduce the number This causes the dialog to display only one character from the first font that contains it for each description matched by the search criteria 7 Click on a few of the promising looking union characters to see what MathType can tell you about them Among other things MathType will give you a description of the character the font in which it was found and the corresponding keystroke 8 One of the characters you should see is a double union symbol W from the Euclid Math Two font Let s assume that we want to use this provided we can find a corresponding symbol for intersection 9 Using the techniques outlined above search for symbols with intersection in their names You should find a double intersection symbol N again in the Euclid Math Two font 10 In the View by list choose Font and select Euclid Math Two from the list of fonts near the top of the Insert Symbol dialog Scroll down to near the bottom of the character grid until you see the U and M symbols Nearby in the character grid you will see the square shaped union and intersection symbols U and M Our search did not find these because their names are derived from the Unicode standard which calls them square cup and square cap respectively 11 You can click on Insert to insert symbols directly from the Insert Symbol dialog However if
90. hat is intermediate between the background and character colors Automatically Numbering Files If you work with equations in individual files you will probably create a lot of them MathType has the ability to automatically number files that you save This makes it easy to create a series of equations with filenames like Eqn1 eps Eqn2 eps Eqn3 eps and so on You can set the actual filename pattern in the Save As dialog See MathType s online help for more information on this feature open the Save As dialog and click Help Working with Microsoft Word The combination of MathType and Microsoft Word is a powerful tool for creating technical documents The level of integration that Equation Editor users are accustomed to is greatly enhanced by the MathType commands for Word which add a toolbar and menu containing useful commands to all versions of Word since Word 98 This section provides a brief overview of these commands references to more detailed information a discussion of some Word formatting issues and some recommendations on moving Word documents between Windows and Macintosh computers Chapter 5 Working with Other Applications Multiple versions of Microsoft Office If multiple Office versions are installed the Installer will install the commands into all versions Removing the Word Commands If you want to remove the commands move the template file out of your Word Startup folder Equation Editor If you v
91. hen you load a Preference file all the settings it contains will be immediately applied to the current MathType window A dialog box also appears which lets you apply these settings to new equations as well Remember that this includes styles sizes and spacing definitions Installed Preference Files MathType Setup installs a set of preference files that we ve put together to show you how you might make use of this feature They re in the Preferences folder inside your MathType folder The names are self explanatory Times Symbol 10 eqp sets the primary font to Times the Math Greek font to Symbol and Full size to 10 pt The Euclid based preference files use Euclid as the primary font and Euclid Symbol for the Math Greek font TeXLook eqp is based on Euclid 10 eqp but we ve also adjusted some spacing settings to generate equations with a look similar to that of TRX Default Preferences Sometimes especially if you are anew MathType user you may want to restore MathType s styles sizes and spacing to the settings that were in use the first time you ran it You can do this for all of the equation preferences at once by choosing Load from Default Settings from the Equation Preferences submenu of the Preferences menu Chapter 8 Advanced Formatting Chapter 8 Advanced Formatting Space Sizes A thick space is exactly twice as wide as a thin space so you can insert a thick space by pressing CONTROL SPACE twice
92. hunting for it in the palettes The Small Bar is a good location for frequently used symbols as it is always available and can contain many items 4 Next we re going to add a gt X expression to the Large Tabbed Bar The tabbed bars are similar to the Small Bar in how they operate however they re divided into categories which allows for a much larger number of items Click on the Statistics tab to display MathType s default items for statistical equations There should be room for one more item in the Large Tabbed Bar the bar has room for 8 items If there isn t select another tab that does have room 9 Delete the current contents of the MathType window and create the expression gt X in the usual way You ll need to use the template not the 2 template to do this 33 34 Editing Toolbar Expressions You can edit a toolbar expression by Control right clicking in the expression and choosing Edit You can also Control click in the expression A new MathType window will open containing the expression Make your changes close the window and the toolbar will be updated MathType User Manual 7 To add this expression to the toolbar select it and drag it to the Large Tabbed Bar When you release the mouse you ll see the expression appear in the bar 8 Create an expression for in exactly the same way Place this expression in the Small Tabbed Bar You can make the fraction full size using the pA tem
93. iate ones Chapter 6 Creating Web Pages Containing Equations MathZoom You may want to let people who view your Web pages know about MathZoom so they ll be able to benefit from this feature MathML Info For more information on MathML visit www w3 org math are downloaded when the page is viewed A high resolution image is generated for use when the Web page is printed MathZoom If you choose images you also have the option of turning MathZoom on This technology allows people viewing your Web pages to magnify equations in the browser so they can see small items subscripts superscripts primes etc more easily Just click on an equation in the browser to see the enlarged version as shown below c a im Normal You can zoom more than one equation at the same time Close individual zoomed equations by clicking on them again or hold down the SHIFT key and click on any zoomed equation to close all zoomed equations Dragging and Dropping Equations Depending upon the browser people viewing your web page may be able to drag equations onto a MathType window This opens a new MathType window containing the dragged equation This lets you re use equations on your or someone else s Web pages which can be a huge time saver If dragging isn t supported in the browser they can save the equation as a GIF file on their local disk and then open it in MathType Note that this feature cannot be used to modify a web page
94. ic characters in an equation For example you may want to incorporate characters such as the Mt or X from Euclid Fraktur into your equations Or you may have some font containing technical symbols used occasionally in your documents You can incorporate special fonts into your equations by using the User 1 and User 2 styles or the Other command on the Style menu Assigning the font to one of the User styles is often the more convenient approach because you can then access the font by choosing the corresponding style from the Style menu perhaps via a keyboard shortcut The User 1 and User 2 styles are described further in Chapter 7 The Other command on the Style menu allows you to assign any font to selected or subsequently typed characters When you choose the command a dialog box appears with a list of available fonts You simply select the desired font and then choose the OK button For example suppose you wanted to insert the character from the Wingdings font This character corresponds to the v keystroke in this font see the next paragraph So to insert the character you would type a v and select it then choose Other from the Style menu and select Wingdings The Insert Symbol command on the Edit menu can help you determine the keystrokes corresponding to characters in a given font The Insert Symbol dialog displays a table of all the characters in a specified font When you click on a character the corresponding keystroke is ind
95. icated in the right hand side of the window Chapter 8 Advanced Formatting Changing the Size of Individual Characters You can change the size of most of the characters in an equation to any size you want The Other Smaller and Larger commands on the Size menu can be applied to selected characters or to characters you type subsequently The Other command displays a dialog box which allows you to enter any point size The Smaller and Larger commands change the size of selected or subsequently typed characters by one Smaller Larger Increment this increment is specified in the Define Sizes dialog box If you want to resize a summation sign embellishment or some other symbol that is part of a template remember that there is a special method for selecting these characters hold down the OPTION key and click on the symbol with the vertical pointer as shown below Keyboard shortcuts for the Smaller and Larger commands are COMMAND lt Smaller and COMMAND gt Larger Remember that these are shifted characters so you ll actually need to type COMMAND SHIFT gt and COMMAND SHIFT lt respectively X a i i You cannot assign a specific typesize to expanding brackets and braces or y expanding integrals the sizes of these characters can only be changed using the Smaller and Larger commands If you have changed the size of a character with the Other Smaller or Larger commands you can revert to the character s default size
96. ick OK the settings will be saved in your document If you check the Use settings as defaults checkbox the settings will also be used as the default values whenever you use the Export to MathPage command on new documents After clicking OK the Web page will be generated and it will be displayed in your browser if you selected this option At this point it s best to scroll through the Web page to make sure that everything in the document converted properly Although Word especially the newer versions does a good job of converting documents to Web pages some items don t have HTML counterparts and don t work very well The following section contains tips for creating pages Tips for Better Web Pages The following tips will help you create better Web pages using MathPage e Use Word 2001 or newer Although MathPage works with Word 98 its HTML conversion is quite crude compared with newer versions of Word e Use tables for alignment Tabs do not work well in browsers for aligning items on multiple lines Word 98 in particular handles them quite poorly when producing a Web page If you need a specific layout use Word s tables Word s Convert Text To Table command on the Table menu greatly simplifies converting existing tab aligned paragraphs to Tables After converting to a table select each column of the table and select Left Right or Center alignment to achieve the equivalent result as a Left Right or Center tab e Use the
97. ide of the brace or select the entire template and choose the Fence Alignment command from the Format menu 105 106 Changing Alignment You can also change alignment by placing the insertion point inside the fence template and typing COMMAND SHIFT A Use this keyboard shortcut to rotate among all three options stopping on the one that looks best Use the Toolbar Drag characters that you expect to use a lot onto the toolbar Once on the toolbar you can inserta character by just clicking on it MathType User Manual Using the same example there are three possible settings for fence alignment me Me Fea Fi I a PV I a as P_R 30 30 a Notice the positions of the math axis outside of the braces the math axis inside of the braces and the center of the brace character itself Each choice has its own advantages and disadvantages and the correct selection will most likely depend on the expression inside the braces and its relationship with the rest of your equation You can also choose the fence alignment setting that will be used for new fence templates using the Fence Alignment command Remember no matter which fence alignment setting a template starts out with you can still change it later on a template by template basis Changing the Font of Individual Characters The fonts used in equations are generally based on MathType s system of styles but you can also assign any font available on your computer to specif
98. ike to call them You can add equations to a presentation just as you would in your word processor use the Insert Object command if available PowerPoint or else use Drag and Drop or Copy and Paste Keynote However most presentation programs don t allow you to place graphics inline with text Text and graphics are usually placed independently so you ll have to line up the equations with the text yourself You will probably want equations in slides to be larger than they would be in an ordinary document There are two different ways to make larger equations and we suggest that you experiment to find which method is best for you Resizing the Equation Using MathType s Define Sizes Command One approach is to use the Define command on the Size menu to assign larger point sizes to each typesize If all the typesizes are defined as percentages of Full size MathType s default setting all you have to do is change Full size to a larger point size and all the other sizes in the equation will adjust in proportion Resizing the Equation in the Presentation Application Another approach is to simply create the equations in MathType as you would normally then enlarge them to the size you want within the presentation document making sure you maintain the aspect ratio of the equation graphic You may find that this produces better looking results than creating the equation with over sized characters However if you resize each equation indi
99. ings that make MathType equations look like TEX It s in the Preferences folder inside your MathType folder See Chapter 7 for more details on using preference files 2 Create the equation using the template for the fraction and inserting the gand o by choosing them from the lowercase Greek palette or by using COMMAND G f and COMMAND G s The dot operator is located on the palette The equation in the MathType window should now look like this o exp to xt y t 3 From the Style menu choose Define If necessary click the Simple radio button to display the dialog shown below fa Simple l Advanced Cancel Times H C Hep Y Primary font Greek and math fonts Symbol and MT Extra H il italic variables P E Apply Reset Ki italic lower case Greek Use for new equations Change the Primary font to Euclid change the Greek and math fonts to Euclid Symbol and Euclid Extra as shown in the dialog above and then click Apply On screen your equation will now look like this u o exp to xty and if printed will look like this u exp z0 2 y The Euclid fonts supplied with MathType are based on the Computer Modern fonts typically used with T X so they give your documents a T X like appearance that you might prefer for some types of work Another benefit of the Euclid fonts is that their regular and Greek characters have a consistent size where
100. l 4 in Chapter 4 for details Sometimes you may find it necessary to override MathType s automatic spacing MathType defines several keyboard shortcuts for entering various widths of space for instance CONTROL SPACE inserts a thin space See Tutorial 6 in Chapter 4 for more information Inserting Symbols To insert a symbol you click on it in one of the bars or choose it from one of the Symbol Palettes as shown in the picture below The Symbol Palettes work like standard menus just press or click the mouse button to display the palette s contents then choose the desired symbol The symbol will be inserted immediately to the right of the insertion point or if something is selected the symbol will replace it 15 16 Keyboard Shortcuts MathType also provides keyboard shortcuts for inserting almost all templates These are shown in the Status Bar when the mouse is over each template You can also assign your own keyboard shortcut to any template See Tutorial 16 in Chapter 4 for more information Equation Structure To better understand the structure of your equation cycle the insertion point through the slots and watch how its size and shape change Alternatively use the Show Nesting command on the View menu See Tutorial 1 in Chapter 4 for an example MathType User Manual Inserting Templates To insert a template you click on it in one of the bars or choose it from one of the Template Palette
101. l 48 eqp and Euclid 48 eqp preference files to create large equations These are in the Preferences folder inside your MathType folder Chapter 7 discusses the use of preference files If you cannot bring equations back into MathType from your application and if you think you might want to edit an imported equation at some later date you should save it in a MathType equation file in addition to importing it into your drawing document You can then use MathType to edit the equation file and replace the old equation in your document with the edited version The format you choose when you save the MathType file is not important in this case since MathType can open any file it creates regardless of format An Alternative Use your Word Processor Instead An alternative to importing equations into a draw or paint application is to import your equations and other pieces of artwork a graph you want to annotate with equations into your word processor and arrange them as desired This bypasses the limitations described above If your word processor doesn t have this capability you can also use desktop publishing applications like Adobe PageMaker FrameMaker or InDesign or QuarkXPress These programs have extensive importing capabilities and also allow imported graphics to overlap one another Working with Presentation Applications You can use MathType to create presentations slides view graphs overheads foils or whatever you l
102. l assume during the course of this cycling are shown below Use a viewing scale of 400 or 800 so that you can see what s happening a little better y V3 y J4 y If you use the Show Nesting command on the View menu you can get an even better picture of the hierarchical arrangement of slots in your equation We have to decide which of these insertion point positions is the right one for adding the sinx The position on the left is clearly wrong we don t want the sinx to go in the denominator of the fraction In the position shown in the center the insertion point is in the main slot under the square root sign so if we type in sinx the result will be the following formula y osinx This is not what we want either The insertion point position shown on the far right is the correct one the insertion point is outside the square root which is where we want the sinx to go 10 Keep pressing the Tab key until the insertion point arrives in the correct position and then type in the letters sinx Type slowly so that you can watch what happens When you initially type them the s and the i will be italic because MathType assumes that they are variables However as soon as you type the n MathType recognizes that sin is an abbreviation for the sine function Following standard typesetting rules MathType uses plain Roman non italic format for the sin and inserts a thin space one sixth of an em between the sin and
103. l normally define your Text style to be the same font and character style as your primary font 95 96 The Spacebar MathType disables the spacebar when you are typing math to prevent you from inadvertently adding spaces and upsetting MathType s automatic spacing However when you are in Text style the spacebar works again Zoom to Read Italics If you find it difficult to read italic characters on your screen use the Zoom commands on the View menu to see your work ata larger scale MathType User Manual When the current style is Text MathType behaves somewhat like an ordinary word processor However we do not recommend using MathType to write large amounts of text it isn t a word processor the Text style is provided only to make it easier for you to occasionally type a few words that might occur in the middle of an equation A few word processors will not allow you to place an equation or any other graphic within a line of text If you run into this problem you may have to create the entire line of text including the equation in MathType Use the Text style to type the text and create the equation within it using the mathematical styles as usual You can then copy the entire line from MathType into your document Function The Function style is meant to be used for the names of standard mathematical functions like sin log etc You will normally define your Function style to be the same font and chara
104. l open You ll see that the break itself has also been made visible in the Word document 6 9 Modify Chapter Section Break Chapter Ki New Chapter Pm 5 f i __ Next chapter number d Cancel fe Chapter number Help Section fe Section number a Delete 6 Change the Chapter number value to 2 and click OK The numbers in the document should now read lt 2 2 1 gt lt 2 2 2 gt etc Now let s try changing the format of the numbers more dramatically We ll set the format so that the numbers read Equation 2 2 1 Equation 2 2 2 etc 7 Choose the Format Equation Numbers command on the MathType menu Select the Advanced Format radio button and enter Equation C1 S1 E1 in the edit box You ll see how the Preview changes 8 Check the Whole document checkbox and click OK The equation numbers in the document should be updated You can experiment with different custom formats in this manner The language used for the formats is very simple all characters are used literally except for the constructs Cx 5x and Ex where x indicates the numeric representation and can be one of 1 a A ior I A fast way of learning how to control the formatting is to select the Simple Format button and then change the various options The Advanced Format text is still visible and it updates every time you make a change to the built in formats Full details are in the Help for this dialog Chapter 4 Tutorials Wo
105. lable on the Design Science web site or you can use MathType s Insert Symbol command to view the glyphs E oie a ymbo Bota Tote Buettsymbot Bolaiaic OOo i O e a a T Oooo oee te Boaiaic Se a T Oooo o hoa OO O a told lidMathOne Bold PF i o OO Mawo Boa Encoding is the name MathType gives to the arrangement of characters in the font Euclid Symbol and Symbol have the same encoding as do MT Extra and Euclid Extra PostScript name is only significant when working with Encapsulated PostScript files or other PostScript environments 113 114 MathType User Manual Index A Adobe Acrobat 61 80 93 Adobe FrameMaker 71 73 83 84 Adobe Illustrator 82 Adobe InDesign 71 73 83 84 Adobe PageMaker 71 73 83 84 Adobe Photoshop 82 Adobe Type Manager 8 Alignment 54 at 38 at decimal points 55 baseline 72 center 38 commands 112 fences 105 matrices 41 right 38 symbol 38 112 using tabs 111 AMS LaTexX 66 AMS TexX 66 Anti aliasing 60 61 74 AppleWorks 81 Arrow keys 14 16 nudging 104 ATM See Adobe Type Manager Automatic style assignment 97 B Bar embellishment 28 Bars 13 Baseline of an equation 72 Binary operators 40 Blackboard characters 97 Bold type 39 97 Braces 27 Brackets 104 aligning 105 C Cascading Style Sheets 93 Change Matrix command 41 Chapter numbers 48 Chapter Section breaks 48 Index Character formatting 106 107 Character style
106. le you choose an integral template from the integrals palette It may make sense however to add characters from any special fonts you may have to the toolbar The easiest method is to use the Insert Symbol dialog choose the Insert Symbol command on the Edit menu which is an extremely powerful tool for viewing the characters in a font You can also COMMAND drag characters from this dialog to the toolbar You can add as many characters from your fonts to the toolbar as can fit Then you can enter these characters at any time into your equations regardless of your current style definitions That does it for Tutorial 5 so choose Select All COMMAND A from the Edit menu and press DELETE or DEL to clear the window for the next tutorial Tutorial 6 Spacing and Alignment In the next example we introduce some of MathType s facilities for controlling spacing and alignment in equations We are going to create the following pair of equations a x dx lt lim sup a 0 nao 1 f a x b x dx lt lim supy a b nyo Note that these equations are arranged so that their lt signs are vertically aligned and they both contain a lim sup construction of a type that we have not used before You can create these equations as follows 1 Insert a definite integral template by clicking on the icon or by pressing COMMAND I type in the integrand the large slot and fill in the 0 and 1 as the limits of integration the two
107. ll items such as subscripts superscripts and embellishments even when the text is small You can zoom in on as many equations as you like Click again on an equation to revert back to its normal size You can close all zoomed equations by holding down the SHIFT key and clicking in one of the zoomed equations 59 MathType User Manual Copying Equations The ability to drag an equation to MathType can be very useful but you cannot use it to modify the Web page MathP age generates multiple versions of each equation and you d have to edit all of them identically for this to work To modify the equations you should edit the original Word document and run the MathP age command again Export to MathPage The easiest way to create technical Web pages is to use MathType s Export to MathP age command in Word See Tutorial 14 and Chapter 6 for more information This feature is controlled by the MathZoom checkbox in the MathPage dialog You may want to disable it for documents where the zoom feature isn t useful for example when the equations are already large Also documents containing a large number gt 100 of equations may download slightly faster with MathZoom turned off Otherwise we suggest you always leave MathZoom on 6 Print the Web page using the browser s Print command Notice how nicely the equations appear and that they match the quality of the document s text Even though MathPage is using GIF images the equ
108. lowing results Uee E gg gp dg gg dg OES pE AA hg gg gg OA dg EOE Er l z 9 76x when n is even You can now change the formatting easily by just dragging the tab stops around c 0 on the Ruler 10 Next we re going to align the two decimal points To prepare for this first remove the tab by dragging it downwards away from the Ruler and then releasing the mouse button Next click on the tab well and then click on the Ruler at the one inch mark to set a decimal tab stop Your equation should end up looking like this j 1 jz a er eee beret eerie av ew Latin rye Pear eee Dave ere t a 9 76x when n is even c x 143x when n is odd That s it for this tutorial so delete your equation to be ready for the next tutorial Tutorial 13 Inserting Unusual Symbols In this tutorial you ll learn how to use MathType s Insert Symbol dialog to locate and use symbols that are not readily available in the built in palettes Suppose for example that you are going to be writing a document about some newly invented operations on sets that are analogous to conventional union and intersection You will want to find symbols to represent your new set operations and it would be nice if these were similar to the conventional U and symbols Your first attempt might be to use bold versions of the conventional symbols to represent your new operations like this AUB AUB ANB AQB Unfortunately the bold symbols l
109. lready created However if you leave the Use for new equations box checked in each of these dialogs MathType saves the equation preferences in a special place The next time you create a new equation it will start off with those preferences There is a more advanced technique discussed below that allows you to save equation preferences in a file You can then use this file to set the preferences of any equation you create in the future Using Preference Files MathType s Preference files are somewhat analogous to style sheets in a word processing application They provide a quick and consistent way to switch between various MathType configurations of styles sizes and spacing as set using the Define Styles Define Sizes and Define Spacing dialog boxes 101 102 Microsoft Word Users MathType s support for Microsoft Word allows you to save MathType s Styles sizes and Spacing with a document ora document template For Word users this is better than using preference files See Using MathType with Microsoft Word in Chapter 5 Loading Preference Files You can also load a preference file by dropping its icon onto a MathType window Double clicking a preference file also loads the file Both methods only affect new equations not any open MathType windows Default Styles amp Sizes You can reset the styles sizes or spacing settings by clicking Reset in the Define Styles Sizes or Spaci
110. m the Style menu Then type Probability that both A and B occur The numerator of our fraction will look like this Probability that both A and B occur This is what we want except that the word both should be bold and the A and B should be italic 31 32 MathType User Manual New Function Names You can customize the list of functions that MathType automatically recognizes 5 Select the word both and choose Other from the Style menu The Other Style dialog will appear which lets you directly change the font and style bold amp italic of selected characters Click on Bold and then choose OK 6 Next we want to make the variables A and B italic We could do this directly by using Other from the Style menu again but this would not really convey the correct meaning A better approach is to select the variable A and choose Math from the Style menu and then repeat for the variable B This makes the A and B italic but also tells MathType to treat them as mathematical variables T Enter the denominator of the fraction Probability that B occurs using the same technique we used for the numerator This completes the equation but we can use it to illustrate a few more of MathType s capabilities If you use the abbreviation Prob for probability on a regular basis you ll get tired of manually changing it to Function style all the time and you ll want MathType to do this for you automatically From the Prefe
111. me results by pressing CONTROL SPACE twice If you elected to make all of the modifications suggested in this step your equation should look something like the picture below P A det AI A A a 4 Z Gs daz If you re going on to the next tutorial press COMMAND A to select the entire equation then press DELETE or DEL to clear your screen Tutorial 8 Fonts and Styles This tutorial provides an introduction to MathType s system of styles We will demonstrate how to change the fonts in your equations by changing style definitions Using styles will allow you to achieve the formatting you want quickly and easily and enable you to create equations with a consistent appearance See Chapter 7 for more information about styles fonts and sizes In the following steps we will create the equation u p expl4o x y and experiment with changing the look of the equation by using different style definitions 1 Check that the Status Bar s Style panel displays Math If it doesn t choose Math from the Style menu If the Math style is not chosen MathType s automatic style assignment will not be in effect and the rest of this tutorial will not make much sense 41 MathType User Manual Define Styles You can also open this dialog by double clicking in the Style panel of the Status Bar The TEX Look We ve included a MathType preference file called TeX Look eqp that contains font and Spacing sett
112. mmand on the Color submenu of the Format menu The names of colors are particularly important since MathType adds these names to the EPS files it creates When you import the EPS file into the document PageMaker and QuarkXPress will match up like named colors in the equation with those of the document so they are considered to be the same color Working with non Macintosh Computers MathType is available for Windows and the Macintosh and the two versions are compatible You can copy whole documents containing equations if the application that you used to create them is available on both platforms Even if the original application isn t available you may be able to import the document into another application If copying the entire document isn t possible you can save the equations as files using MathType s Save As command and then copy the files to the other platform If you have MathType available on the other platform you can open the equation files there Transferring Equation Files to and from non Macintosh Computers The best formats to use when copying equation files to other platforms are Encapsulated PostScript EPS and Graphics Interchange Format GIF as these file formats are somewhat universal The GIF format will work on any computer system but as it is a bitmap format it will not print well unless you save it at a high resolution Chapter 5 Working with Other Applications Converting Equations The latest versions
113. ms that you want to operate upon before you choose the command that is to be applied to them In MathType the selected part of the equation will be affected by a subsequent editing command such as Cut Copy or Nudge To select part of an equation you position the mouse pointer over one end of the items to be selected and then press and hold down the mouse button while dragging the pointer over the equation The selected items will be highlighted Selecting with the Arrow Keys You can make a selection or extend a previous selection by holding down the SHIFT key and pressing the LEFT ARROW or RIGHT ARROW key Pressing the arrow key moves the insertion point through your equation in the usual way and holding down the SHIFT key will cause it to select all the items it passes through Selecting Embellishments and Parts of Templates Holding down the OPTION key allows you to select a character embellishment such as a hat or overbar or an item that is part of a template as opposed to an item within one of the slots in a template such as the in the picture below If you hold down the OPTION key then the mouse pointer changes from an arrow into a hand You can then select the template component by clicking on it This is useful if you want to change the size of a summation sign or nudge a prime to a new position for example y The RETURN Key Pressing the RETURN key will create a new line with a single empty slot immedia
114. n numbering commands We now have two basic equations cos 0 sin 0 1 1 1 cos 0 sin 0 cos 20 1 2 Adding these two together we obtain cos 0 4 1 cos 20 1 3 Subtracting 1 2 from 1 1 gives sin 0 4 1 cos 20 1 4 Using 1 4 we can show that cos 20 1 2 sin 0 However we re going to create it in a slightly unrealistic sequence in order to illustrate the power and flexibility of the numbering commands 1 Run Microsoft Word and create a new document 2 Enter the following text We now have two basic equations 3 Click on the Et button on Word s MathType toolbar or choose the Insert Right Numbered Display Equation command on the MathType menu 45 46 MathType User Manual Word Styles Used The line containing the equation is formatted with Word s MTDisplayE quation style which you can modify to affect all display equations in your document Equation References You can jump to an equation in your document quickly by double clicking on any of its references Then press SHIFT F5 to jump back to the reference In large documents try Splitting your window into two panes search for split in Word s Help Insert the references in one pane and scroll and double click on the equation numbers in the other You can place equation number references in footnotes and endnotes 4 A dialog will appear asking if you want to create a new chapter section
115. na veievtvncianuiar cvsannnctanvinttavannics 21 BEDE OU alli caatraps tpi tnt O O vineaniaenaian 21 Tutorial 1 Fractions and SQUare R OOtS ssastccdstisintestatnstnitonctantaanioratinaretades 22 Tutorial 2 Sums Subscripts amp SuUperscriptS s sessssesisrsesreresrrrrrreresrerernres 26 Tutora Editing ONG E GUANO SE eniinn aa 29 Tutorial 4 Including Text in an Equation ssssssesisrrrrrrrrrrsrerirrrrererrererns 31 Tutorial 5 Using MathType s Toolbar s s ssesssrssesrsresrsrnsrnrenrnrnsrsrnresreresrnres 32 Tutorial 6 Spacing and AlGMMeNt iisiisitciscateardasetacacaaarueeencumenviacueels 36 MathType User Manual WOT ASME QUIN aeea ssiatcct ae arehetian dianeuataessiine ARAA 39 TUR Fla S OIG AIG S Ve Saranane arrestee anaichemmanec areas 41 Tutorial 9 Equation Numbering in Microsoft Word ssssrerrrerrer 45 Tutorial 10 Advanced Equation Numbering in Microsoft Word seeen 49 Tutorial 11 Setting Up a Microsoft Word DOCUMENt eserse 51 Tutorial 12 Formatting with TabS iia tesascsnuniietaredaavencansittusatadnndencs eentanndedin 53 Tutorial 13 Inserting Unusual Symbols s sssssssssresrsrrsrnrrnrnernrrnresrrererrereerenns 55 Tutorial 14 Creating Web Pages with Microsoft Word eseessssseeeren 58 Tutorial 15 Creating Web Pages with GIF Fil S sssr 60 Tutorial 16 Customizing the Keyboard sssssssrsrrrrsrnrrsrnrrrrnrrsrnrrrrnrerrerernres 62 Tutorial 17 Working with TeX LaTeX and MathML errereen 63 Tutorial 18 Export Equations fr
116. nd a right align tab stop at the right margin produces the results in the picture below ulr y p gt 1 1 Chapter 5 Working with Other Applications Warning EPS files will only print on a PostScript printer If you do not have a printer that understands the PostScript language then you will not want to Save equations as EPS files Of course different word processing applications may have different tab formatting capabilities See your application s documentation for more specific information on its tabs and alignment features Working with Equation Files You can save a MathType equation into a file on your hard disk either as a Macintosh PICT file an Encapsulated PostScript EPS file or a Graphic Interchange Format GIF file You can then import those equation files directly into other applications To save an equation file choose Save As from the File menu specify a name and location for the file and choose the file format you want from the Save as type list The available types are described below You can use the Open command on MathType s File menu to edit any equation files created by MathType PICT Files A PICT file is the standard graphic file format for Macintosh programs As a result it is one of the most useful file formats since any Macintosh program that can import a graphic file can usually import a PICT file MathType uses fonts to represent all the characters in the PICT
117. next character 97 styles 98 100 symbols 15 symbols in other fonts 57 templates 16 two key shortcuts 19 Keynote 83 L Large Tabbed Bar 33 Larger command 107 LaTeX 63 81 Leading 38 Lim sup 37 Line spacing 39 52 79 M Markup languages 63 81 Math style 95 97 MathML 63 66 82 89 MathPage 58 87 MathType Lite 8 MathType toolbar 13 MathType window 12 MathZoom 60 89 Matrices 39 adding or deleting rows and columns 41 editing 41 Memory 9 Metafiles See WMF files Microsoft PowerPoint 83 Microsoft Word 10 74 Index advanced equation numbering 49 AutoCorrect command 76 converting documents to TeX 81 creating Web pages 58 EQ fields 78 Insert Symbol command 76 inserting symbols 90 line spacing 52 79 master documents 91 moving documents between computers 80 setting up documents 51 styles 51 Microsoft Word commands 75 chapter section break example 48 chapter section breaks 77 converting equations 78 equation number format 76 equation number formats example 49 equation numbering 76 equation numbering example 45 export to MathPage 87 exporting equations 79 exporting equations example 66 formatting equations 52 insert equation reference 46 inserting equations 75 setting equation preferences 51 77 Minus sign 25 unary 40 Mouse notation 14 Moving documents between platforms 84 N Nesting See Show Nesting Nudge commands 28 104 resetting
118. ng dialogs MathType User Manual The ability to quickly change style definitions is the most basic example of the use of multiple Preference files Suppose you generally write equations in Times but for a particular type of document you want to use Arial instead You can create two Preference files one in which the Text Function Variable Vector Matrix and Number styles are defined as Arial with the appropriate character styles and the other in which these styles are defined as Times Then using the Load Preferences command you can quickly set up the desired style definitions for either type of document by choosing the corresponding Preference file Saving and Loading Preference Files To create a Preference file first set up the styles sizes and spacing as you would like to save them Then choose Save To File from the Equation Preferences submenu of the Preferences menu A dialog box will appear allowing you to name the file and specify its location It might be a good idea to save each Preference file in the same directory as the documents that use it Or you may want to use the Preferences folder in the MathType folder To load a Preference file you can either choose Load Preferences from the Equation Preferences submenu of the Preferences menu and use the dialog box to locate the desired file or if the file is one of the four most recently used you can load it by choosing its name from the bottom of the Preferences menu W
119. ng the mouse and then choose the Color command on the Format menu A submenu appears containing a list of colors Choose Red and release the mouse The selected term will become red 9 We re finished editing the equation so close the MathType window If a dialog appears asking if you want to save your changes click Save Once the MathType window has closed your word processor will become active and you ll see that your document now contains the modified equation Chapter 4 Tutorials Controlling Italics To assign regular non italic style to function names use Function on the Style menu rather than just removing the italics Copying and Dragging To re use part of an existing equation select the part and then use the Copy and Paste commands or drag and drop Hold down the Option key when dragging to copy the selection Typing Text Before typing normal words and phrases choose Text from the Style menu Tutorial 4 Including Text in an Equation In our next tutorial we show you how to enter words and phrases in an equation and also how to handle function name abbreviations that MathType does not recognize We are going to create the following equation Prob AM B _ Probability that both A and B occur Prob A B l Prob B Probability that B occurs 1 First open a new MathType window using one of the methods you ve already learned Then type Prob A B The result will be Prob A E Using its buil
120. ning equations using more traditional Web page editors However you ll run into many of the problems that MathPage solves no baseline alignment of inline equations low quality printing etc Sometimes an HTML editor is necessary though and this section describes how to work with such tools Most graphical Web authoring programs have an Insert Image command that you can use to place an equation GIF file on a Web page First create a GIF file for each equation using MathType s Save As command and then insert them into the page as needed Consult your HTML editor s manual for details Tutorial 15 and Chapter 5 contain more information on creating GIF files using MathType Customizing MathType s Generated HTML For most Web applications the HTML code generated by your HTML editor when you insert a graphic will work just fine However if you need to surround the HTML lt IMG gt tag with more sophisticated HTML code you can make use of MathType s Copy HTML to clipboard feature in the Web and GIF Preferences dialog This feature allows you to set MathType up to copy an HTML code fragment to the clipboard every time you save a GIF file This HTML code fragment can contain specialized code of your own design in order to make use of features like Cascading Style Sheets CSS or to get around limitations in your HTML editor See MathType s online help for details Baseline Adjustment in HTML Unfortunately Web browsers don t automa
121. nslator generates MathML 1 0 See MathType s online help or visit our Web site www dessci com for further description of our MathML translators Creating and Modifying Translators If our standard translators do not meet your needs you may want to modify one of them or write one of your own Each translator is driven by a translation file written in our Translator Definition Language TDL You will find several TDL files in MathType s Translators folder and you can edit these to suit your needs or write completely new ones To obtain detailed documentation on writing translators visit the Design Science web site www dessci com Tutorial 18 Export Equations from Microsoft Word In this tutorial we show you how to export the equations in a Word document to individual graphics files You can export them as GIF PICT or EPS files and you can control the location and naming of the files You also have the option to replace each exported equation in the document with the name of its corresponding file This feature can be useful when importing Word documents into desktop publishing programs Many don t import embedded equations very well preferring individual equation files The Export Equations command makes this process much easier Chapter 4 Tutorials GIF Settings You can set the resolution background color and other attributes of GIF files in MathType s Web and GIF Preferences dialog 1 Launch Word and create a d
122. nt to see ifithas a Paste Special command on the Edit menu This command often gives you choices on how you want to paste an equation into your document MathType User Manual Working with MathML MathML is a recommendation created by the World Wide Web Consortium W3C www w3 org for expressing mathematics in Web pages MathType installs several MathML translators that differ in the MathML browser and or plug in they are designed to work with Working with MathML is much like working with TREX you run MathType at the same time as your favorite HTML editor and cut and paste or drag and drop equations between their windows For the details of how you connect the MathType generated MathML fragments to the MathML browser plug in you choose to use please consult the plug in s documentation Perhaps the easiest way to get started is to use MathType s Export to MathPage command in Word to convert a Word document into a Web page containing MathML See Chapter 6 for more details There s more information on working with MathML in MathType s online help and on the Design Science Web site at www dessci com Working with Paint and Draw Applications Importing Equations You can insert MathType equations into many drawing applications using cut and paste drag and drop or file import If you re using a drawing program that supports PostScript e g Adobe Illustrator save your equations in the EPS format and then import them Oth
123. nto the equation area select it and drag it to the toolbar Use the Insert Symbol dialog on the Edit menu see Tutorial 13 for details to locate the symbol hold down the COMMAND key and drag the symbol to the toolbar As a result MathType has access to a virtually limitless Supply of symbols 1 Before we start make sure that MathType s toolbar is visible and that the Small Bar and the Small and Large Tabbed Bars are visible Use the commands in the View menu to make them visible if necessary 2 Click on the symbol palette and then release the mouse button The palette will appear 3 Now hold down the COMMAND key press on the cand keeping the mouse button down drag it over the Small Bar You ll see the mouse pointer change shape as it passes over different areas of the toolbar When the pointer looks like this amp the dragged item cannot be dropped at this location and releasing the mouse button will have no effect When the pointer looks something like this it is over a valid target area and releasing the mouse button will insert the object at this location Release the mouse button over the Small Bar as shown below J Derivs Statistics hain Sets T Trig i Tab amp t Tab X pi iz k F s AE JE i i 1 i l i i l i 2 The symbol will be added to the end of the bar Now to insert this symbol into an equation you only need click on it in the Small Bar instead of
124. o this are beyond the scope of this manual You can find this information on our Web site www dessci com in a document called Extending MathType s Font and Character Knowledge Tabs MathType s tabs work roughly the same as those found in most popular word processing applications You choose the type of tab you want by clicking its button on the Ruler There are five tab stop types to choose from Left tab Center tab Right tab Relational tab Decimal tab Click one of the five buttons to choose the tab stop type and then click in the area below the Ruler scale to set the position of the tab stop Each slot in an equation has its own tab stops If you press RETURN within a slot or at the end of a line you create a pile The same tab stops apply to every line in the pile The Ruler shows only the tab stops belonging to the current slot or pile the one containing the selection or insertion point To remove a tab stop drag it downwards away from the Ruler To change the location of an existing tab stop just drag it along the Ruler The small inverted T marks on the Ruler are default tab stops Effects of Tab Characters Pressing CONTROL TAB will insert a tab character into your equation If you just press the TAB key this moves the insertion point so to enter tab characters you 111 112 MathType User Manual See the Tutorial Tutorial 12 in Chapter 4 illustrates the use of tabs must hold down the CONTROL key Tab
125. ocument containing a couple of equations 2 Choose the Export Equations command on the MathType menu The Export Equations dialog will appear Export Equations Export To Folder Cancel s Delete all files of same type in folder valli SEE File Format Help J File type Encapsulated PostScript PICT File name pattern Egra First number f Replace equation with file name Range fa Whole document 3 Enter a location in the Folder field You can either type the name of a folder or click the Browse button and select a folder If you enter the name of a folder that doesn t exist you will be asked if you want to create it Check the Delete all files of same type in folder checkbox if you want all files with the same extension deleted from this folder before exporting Be careful if you select this option if you export as GIF files to a common folder then every gif file in this folder will be deleted It s usually safest to create a new folder for each set of exported equation files 4 Select the format of the exported equation files You can also set the filename pattern and the starting number The above example will create the files Eqn001 eps Eqn002 eps etc Setting the pattern to PhysIntro and the first number to 50 will create the files PhysIntro0050 PhysIntro0051 etc You may want to experiment with different patterns and numbers 9 Check the Replace equation with file name check
126. of MathType mark a Word document with a platform identifier when inserting equations The first time such a document is opened on another platform where MathType is installed a dialog will appear Suggesting you run Convert Equations to update the equations Transferring Microsoft Office Documents to and from non Macintosh computers If you have Macintosh and Windows versions of Microsoft Office products you can transfer documents containing equations between the two platforms Equations contained in these documents will be converted into the graphic format of the current platform For the best results however you will need to update the equations after you transfer the document This process reformats each equation using the fonts on the current platform and is necessary to obtain the correct spacing of the characters in the equations even fonts with the same names often have slightly different character shapes and sizes on each platform You can update equations individually by double clicking on them choosing MathType s Update command and then closing the MathType window If you re using Microsoft Word all of the document s equations can be updated with the Convert Equations or Format Equations commands see the section in this chapter on Microsoft Word for details Also any fonts used in the equations must be available on both platforms otherwise you will have to choose new fonts for the equations after the transfer
127. of any of these dimensions by using the Define Spacing command on the Format menu This command displays a dialog that lets you scroll through the list of dimensions and change the value of any of them For each dimension it displays a picture illustrating the aspect of equation formatting that it controls Chapter 7 Fonts Styles Sizes and Spacing Units of Measurement When entering new dimension values in MathType s Define Sizes or Define Spacing dialogs you should understand MathType s system of units There are four units of measurement available Units Abbreviation inches in centimeters cm points pt picas pl It s often a good idea to specify a dimension as a percentage of your Full typesize because then you won t need to change it in the event that you change typesizes As an example suppose your Full typesize is defined as 12 points If you set your Subscript Depth dimension to 25 then your subscripts will be shifted 3 points below the baseline but if you later change your Full typesize to 10 points your subscripts will be shifted down only 2 5 points Equation Preferences The definitions of all the styles sizes and spacing used in an equation are referred to collectively as equation preferences The equation preferences used to create an equation are saved with that equation Changes you make using the Define Styles Sizes and Spacing dialogs in one equation will not be reflected in equations you have a
128. oint size to use for the characters in your equations as you create them This is unlike typical word processors where you normally choose a specific point size for your text MathType does this using a system of five typesizes Full Subscript Sub subscript Symbol or Sub symbol that it automatically assigns to characters based on their position in the equation One of the advantages of this scheme is that you can change the size of all your subscripts and superscripts for example by simply assigning a different point size to the Subscript typesize For more on this see Automatic Size Assignments later in this chapter Like all good software MathType allows you to override its automatic choices see Explicit Size Assignments later in this chapter Each typesize can be defined either as a specific point size or as a percentage of the Full typesize In MathType s default settings only the Full typesize is actually set to a specific point size the others are defined as percentages of Full This way you can change the overall size of the text in your equation by simply changing the Full typesize using the Define command on the Size menu All the other sizes will adjust in proportion For most equations you will want to define the Full typesize to be the same point size as the body text of the document for which they are intended The following subsections describe each of MathType s seven typesizes and how they are used
129. ok for usable symbols is the Symbol font so select Symbol from the list of fonts near the top of the Insert Symbol dialog Once the font is selected you can scroll through the large grid of characters in the center of the dialog looking for likely prospects Chapter 4 Tutorials Larger Symbol Display To enlarge the characters in the Insert Symbol dialog choose Workspace Preferences from MathType s Preferences menu and set Toolbar size to Medium or Large Keyboard Shortcuts The Insert Symbol dialog allows you to assign a keyboard shortcut to any character in any font 4 You might also look in the Euclid Symbol font Note that the Insert Symbol dialog tells you that Symbol and Euclid Symbol have the same encoding arrangement of characters So if you don t find the character s you need in one of these fonts you won t find them in the other one either 5 The Insert Symbol dialog actually provides a more intelligent way to search for the characters you need rather just browsing through fonts In the View by field choose Description Click on the New Search button type the word union and choose OK The grid of characters will now show you several union like symbols 6 In the Insert Symbol dialog uncheck Show one of each to see all the characters on your computer that MathType knows about and which have the word union in their names Depending on which fonts you have installed there may be a few dozen such c
130. ollowing list describes the various ways to insert equations You can e Use the Insert Equation menu command or toolbar button in applications like Microsoft Word or AppleWorks e Use the Insert Object command available in applications that support OLE e Cut and paste using the clipboard e Drag and drop using the mouse e Create graphic files using MathType s Save As command then import them into your document Insert Equation Toolbar Buttons and the Insert Object Command If your application has a toolbar button to insert an equation this is the simplest approach Tutorial 1 in Chapter 4 provides an example using this method In Microsoft Office programs the toolbar button is a shortcut for using the Insert Object command If your application doesn t have such a toolbar button you may find an Insert Object command on the Insert or Edit menus The Insert Object command displays a dialog that lists all the types of objects you can insert into a document choose MathType 5 0 Equation from the list and click OK This will open a new MathType window ready for you to enter a new equation You insert an equation into your document by placing the insertion point where you want the equation and clicking the appropriate toolbar button or by using the Insert Object command as described above Once you ve created your equation close the MathType window and your document now containing your new equation will become active
131. om MicroSoft Word sesser 66 Wet TODO NE Giara O TNO 68 Chapter 5 Working with Other Applications sssrini 69 HVE CU CION ana a a 69 Inserting Equations into a DOCUMENt s ss sssssssrsrerrererrnrnrrnrsrnrnrrsrernrererrnrens 69 Moving and Resizing Equations in DOCUMENTS sssererrrrrrrererrrerererrnn rat NEE GUION S iniia a a Sadusitaaleic ders dusts 72 Eduaton NUMDETN O saeco asst siesta A 12 Workin WINE guaton FES srsursei rinore arnis E EEA 13 Working with Microsoft Word ss ssssssrsrnsnsrnrnnrnrnunnrnnnnrnrnurnrnrnnrnrnnrnrnnrnrnrenrnrns 14 Working WITHA CODG A CLOG tocia 80 Working with AppleWorks siunsttt chile caveat tsi ttihuntattisieriist ite ahh Ace ahs te cokes 81 Using TeX MathML and other Translators ccssscsesssssssserseerseeen 81 Working with Paint and Draw Applications ccccsccsssssscrsssessssrsssstseses 82 Working with Presentation Applications cccssesssesscssssssssesssserssserseses 83 Working with Desktop Publishing Applications cccsccssssseeesseeen 84 Working with non MacintoSh COMPULELS sssssesisresrsrnrrsinrrrnrrsrnrerrnrerrnrerenns 84 Chapter 6 Creating Web Pages Containing Equations sssini 87 FTE OCU UON aana EE E ONON 87 PPG QS rics ins trie dnctactnteasceies n OTO 87 The Export To MathP age Dal Osta ctarassistcnstccavesh eavovasastesicistauavatisennnes 88 TIPS TOP Beller WED Ra JES riina e A EA 90 MASTS EDO CUM CANS anna a tes daerbatadee eat 91 Copying Web Pages to a Web Server csssssssesess
132. ombination of a font and character style e g Times bold amp italic or Symbol bold Styles save you from having to worry about fonts and character styles separately and hence speed up your work and help you maintain consistency in your equations Also by changing the definition of a style you can quickly change the appearance of all the characters that use it You can change the definitions of any of the styles using the Define command on the Style menu The Primary Font In most kinds of documents you will choose a font character style bold italic and point size for the main body of the text in your document We call this the primary font Usually you will want your equations to be based on the primary font functions like sin and cos will be in the primary font as will numbers variables will share the same font but in italic and so on The following subsections describe each of MathType s eleven styles and how they are used Math Math is not a style in the same sense as the other styles although we tend to refer to it that way occasionally in this manual Rather it is a mode which causes MathType to automatically assign the appropriate style to function names variables symbols and numbers as you type The Math style is discussed further below in the section entitled Function Recognition Text You should use the Text style when you want to enter words rather than mathematical formulas You wil
133. ook too much like the regular ones so we ll try to find a better solution 1 Using the over bar template create the equations as shown above 2 From MathType s Edit menu choose Insert Symbol The following dialog will appear 595 MathType User Manual Getting Detailed Help To get detailed information about the Insert Symbol dialog click on the Help button near its upper right hand corner 56 Insert Symbol View by Font H Arial B C Bold C italic Range All known characters i _ Show all ranges Close i Help j M e e o A ume l Unicode o J1 2 3 Ja s Je 7 Je Jo I lt l gt 1 If ooo la e c o le F lelu ji jy K Lt MIN o Font position e Ja r ls r lu v wx fy z ir hh FL e Sin a tn i tt a i Space lt Font Arial Encoding MacRoman Description Space Enter new shortcut key s Current keys As sign Remove This dialog is somewhat similar to the one in Microsoft Word which you may already know how to use You can use the Insert Symbol dialog to browse all the fonts available on your computer and investigate MathType s knowledge of them Specifically you can e Insert a specific character or mathematical symbol into your equation e Add a frequently used symbol to the toolbar e Add a keyboard shortcut for a frequently used symbol e Find a symbol by matching words in its description 3 The first place to lo
134. ord document into a Web page using MathPage is not appropriate It involves creating GIF equation files and inserting them into your Web pages As MathType can produce GIF files it is an excellent tool for this purpose MathType will even generate the HTML needed to link your Web page to the newly generated MathType GIF file MathType generated GIF files have several advantages over GIF files produced in other ways e They can be anti aliased to produce better looking smoothed edges e They are small typically being monochrome allowing for faster downloads e They can be edited at a later date in MathType Chapter 4 Tutorials Adobe Acrobat Another approach for creating Web documents is to use Adobe Acrobat s PDF file format Chapter 5 contains information about this approach Automatic File Numbering If you are creating lots of equation files MathType can number them for you Chapter 5 contains more details Background Color The Web and GIF Preferences dialog lets you control the background color of the equation including making it transparent Setting GIF Resolution You can set the resolution of GIF files in the Web and GIF Preferences dialog e People can save the GIF file from the Web page open it with MathType and then place the equation into other documents in any of MathType s supported formats Inserting a GIF File Into a Document 1 Run MathType and your HTML editing program 2 In MathType
135. ormation is listed at the very end of Chapter 1 Chapter 5 Working with Other Applications Chapter 5 Working with Other Applications Introduction This chapter describes the use of MathType with other applications We discuss general methods for importing and editing equations and also discuss specific techniques for using MathType with Microsoft Word and T X If you are an experienced user and you re familiar with the methods used to import different types of graphics into your word processing or page layout documents you may not need to read the general information in this chapter at all If you re in doubt you should read the introductory comments in the first few sections of this chapter to make sure you understand all the issues involved You can place MathType equations into documents created with a wide variety of applications most of which are not discussed explicitly in this chapter In general you can easily insert MathType equations into any application that uses OLE e g Microsoft Office applications or EGO e g AppleWorks that allows you to paste graphics from the Clipboard or that will import graphics in PICT Encapsulated PostScript EPS or Graphic Interchange Format GIF file format Because we want you to have the latest information on new software as it is released there are documents on the MathType web site that discuss using MathType with many of the latest software products You can find these do
136. ources of Additional SYMDOIS cesssssseseresssesessssesereeseees 108 MathType s Font and Character Knowledge 109 TaD ius tugaasauteasiasen pias vaniomasanteds aenpianueduans 111 Appendix A MathType s Fonts ssssssssssssssscscsssssssssssscscarsssesesesecevarsrssees 113 NAEK iiaa 115 MathType User Manual Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction About MathType MathType is an intelligent mathematical equation editor designed for personal computers running the Apple Mac OS or Microsoft Windows It s an application that allows you to create complex equations through simple point and click techniques and then use them in documents Web pages or markup based systems like IATEX and MathML Using MathType in conjunction with a word processing page layout or graphics application you can easily create tests and class notes technical reports view graphs research papers dissertations slides and even entire books MathType is also the professional version of the Equation Editor that comes with Microsoft Office AppleWorks Corel WordPerfect and many other popular applications and provides a seamless upgrade to the capabilities found in Equation Editor MathType s User Interface MathType s user interface is very visually oriented and intuitive For each basic mathematical construct MathType provides a template containing symbols and various empty slots There are around 175 templates in all including fractions radic
137. p you make sure you pick the correct template time in MathType so pressing it will have no effect other than producing an annoying beep Chapter 7 discusses where and how you should enter spaces in MathType but you won t have to do this very often Also notice that the y has been made italic but the sign has not Mathematical variables are almost always printed in italics so this is the default in MathType You can change this by redefining the Variable style using the Define command on MathType s Style menu See Chapter 7 for details 4 Now we need to enter a square root sign To do this click on the 4f icon in the Small Bar The i template s home is in the afl included it in the Small Bar to make it easier for you to find Your equation should now look like this The characters in the equation might be larger than you expect but this is just a palette but we ve also result of the viewing scale you re using You can use the commands on the View menu to change the viewing scale to anything between 25 and 800 The blinking insertion point should be in the slot under the square root sign indicating that whatever you enter next will appear there palette and 5 Next we enter a fraction template To do this open the 4 choose the template it s the one on the right in the top row This template produces reduced size fractions sometimes known as case fractions in the typesetting world
138. pace symbols 103 SPACEBAR 15 Spacing advanced formatting 103 automatic 22 between lines 38 52 defining 100 em space 37 in Preference files 102 inserting spaces 37 Square roots 22 Status Bar 12 62 98 Style 95 automatic assignment 97 character 95 Define Styles dialog 42 explicit assignment 98 100 Function 31 43 96 Greek 96 in Preference files 102 Math 95 Number 97 one character shortcuts 98 Other 106 Symbol 96 Text 95 User 1 and User 2 97 Variable 44 96 Vector Matrix 39 97 Style definitions saving and loading 101 Styles 41 51 Subscript depth 100 Subscript typesize 99 Sub subscript typesize 99 Sub symbol typesize 99 Symbol Palettes 13 Symbol style 96 Symbol typesize 99 Symbols additional 108 inserting in documents 76 searching for 57 System requirements 7 T Tab character 111 groups 112 key 16 Tab Stops 111 TDL files 66 Technical Support 4 Template Palettes 13 Templates exponent 25 inserting 16 replace selection vs wrapping 34 superscripts 25 TeX 63 81 AMS LaTexX 66 AMS TexX 66 TeX appearance 108 Index Text in equations 31 style 53 95 typing 14 Toolbar 13 changing size of icons 13 customizing 33 deleting items 35 editing expressions 34 expression properties 63 keyboard shortcuts 35 63 rearranging contents 34 Translator Definition Language 66 Translators 64 81 modifying 66 Transparency GIF file
139. plate or you can make a case fraction using the template When you re done we re ready to create the formula Pi SAAT 9 Creating this formula doesn t require any new techniques that you don t already know so we re not going to give you the usual step by step instructions Here are a few useful hints and reminders e You can insert o by clicking on it in the Small Bar which is much faster than using the palette e You can insert the term gt X by clicking on it in the Large Tabbed Bar e A fast way to create XY is to insert X drag across the X to select it and type Y to replace it e You can create gt X by inserting gt X and replacing the subscript template with a sub superscript template To do this select the subscript slot as shown below and hold down the OPTION key as you insert the template The OPTION key causes the new template to replace the selected one instead of wrapping around it Then type 2 in the superscript slot 2x e Note that the two terms inside curly brackets on the bottom line of the formula are identical except that one involves X and the other involves Y To create the second term just duplicate the first one and replace the X s with Y s e You can duplicate a term by selecting it holding down the OPTION key and dragging it to the desired location without the OPTION key the term is moved Rearranging the Toolbar MathType s toolbar is initially filled with e
140. play Equation command You can also create references to equation numbers using the Insert Equation Reference command The numbers and references automatically update themselves whenever you insert a new equation number Double clicking on an equation reference jumps to the referenced number References can also be placed in footnotes and endnotes The Format Equation Numbers command lets you change the format of both new and existing equation numbers You can also set the default format which will be used for all new documents MathType s equation numbers can consist of a chapter number a section number an equation number an enclosure and separators The Simple mode in the Format Equation Numbers dialog provides a variety of formats which are typically sufficient for most needs e g 1 1 1 1 1 1 lt A L gt 1 i In Advanced mode you can create your own formats and there are virtually no restrictions on what you can do e g Equation 1 or Chap 1 Sec 2 Eqn 1 You can reverse the layout of the numbers which can be useful in right to left languages This dialog s Help has more information on advanced formats Chapter 5 Working with Other Applications Chapter Section Numbers To insert MathType s section number elsewhere in your document use the Format Equation Numbers command to insert an equation number containing only the section number Y ou can use this method for chapter numbers too Editing Breaks I
141. poorly from AppleWorks be sure to check this setting In AppleWorks open the Preferences menu select General and check Fractional Character Widths Using TEX MathML and other Translators You can configure MathType to convert equations to text based markup languages like I T X and MathML using the Translators command on the Preferences menu This dialog allows you to choose from a list of available translators including several kinds of TREX and MathML Once you have chosen a translator every time you copy an equation to the clipboard or do a drag and drop operation the translator you chose will be invoked to convert the equation into text in the appropriate language Converting Microsoft Word Documents to TEX Although MathType cannot convert entire Microsoft Word documents into TRX it can perform part of the process MathType s commands for Microsoft Word allow you to convert all the equations in a Word document using one of MathType s translators If you save the resulting document in text format all you need to do to complete the task is add TEX commands for formatting the paragraphs and headings 81 82 MathML Support On the Macintosh only Netscape 7 and Mozilla Support MathML in Web pages We hope other browsers will Support it in the near future Visit the Design Science Web site for the latest news Paste Special When you are looking for import options in your paint or draw application you might wa
142. r style The symbols use the Symbol style The angle brackets and fraction bar are internal to MathType and do not use a style These styles are applied automatically as you create the equation because you are using the Math style mode This automatic style assignment is the advantage you gain by using the Math style mode when creating equations We re going to change some of the styles so you understand how they affect an equation s appearance Normally you wouldn t work this way you d change fonts using the Simple version of this dialog 6 Choose a new font for the Function style The style is probably defined as Times Press on the arrow next to the font name in the Function row and choose a different font You will want to choose a font that looks noticeably different from Times so that the effect of the change will be obvious A good choice would be a sans serif font such as Helvetica 43 44 MathType User Manual 7 Choose the OK button Your equation will be redisplayed using the new Function style definition Your equation should now look like this u exp to x y The function abbreviation exp is displayed using the new font Of course you probably wouldn t want your equation to look like this we re simply demonstrating the effect of changing the Function style definition The Variable style definition is used for all ordinary alphabetic characters except for the ones in function abbreviation
143. rd s Styles If you re not familiar with Word s styles we urge you to take a few minutes to learn how to use them In Word s Help Contents search for styles Reset Click Reset to restore the sizes to their default values Equation Preferences The definitions of all the Styles sizes and Spacing used in an equation are referred to collectively as equation preferences See Chapter 7 for more details Tutorial 11 Setting Up a Microsoft Word Document When creating a Microsoft Word document containing equations there are several considerations you should keep in mind You ll probably want the body text to match the equations in terms of fonts and sizes and you ll typically want all equations in the document to use consistent formatting i e the same font and size settings as well as any other special settings you may have made in MathType This tutorial shows you how to achieve these goals and how to update the document s equations if you decide to change your fonts and or sizes Although Word and MathType allow you to select text and change its font and size directly we strongly recommend that you make use of styles instead Both programs use this approach because it makes modifying the look of a document or equation very easy You simply change the definition of a style e g from Times to Helvetica or from 12 pt plain to 10 pt italic and your document or equation is immediately reformatted with the new
144. re not always distinct Take for example the equation 2 x 4x 4 A 1 1 x 2 x 2 From equation 1 1 we can see that x 2 when y 0 Create the equations using the MathType commands Insert Inline Equation and Insert Right Numbered Display Equation Create the reference using the Insert Equation Reference command Use MathType s Align at command to align the two lines of the equation Refer to Tutorial 6 if you don t remember how to do this Chapter 4 Tutorials Save As Web Page vs Exporting Word s Save as Web Page command saves the current document as a Web page and keeps it open for editing Y ou have a document that can be viewed in a Web browser and opened in Word MathP age exports a Web page which means that you end up with two documents the original Word document and the Web page itself which is not editable in Word Discovering MathZoom You may want to add a note to your Web site explaining how MathZoom works so that your audience will know to click on the equations to zoom them 2 Save the Word document naming it MathPageTutorial doc Then choose the Export to MathPage command on Word s MathType menu you can also click on the 2 button on the MathType toolbar The following dialog will appear 60 Export to MathPage Document Title File Name Display in default browser Equations fe Use images GIFs amp MathML using Kd MathZoom Use
145. re you can drag an equation to your document make sure you can see your document s window behind the MathType window Select the equation press the mouse button inside the selection and drag the selection over your document Release the mouse when the insertion point is over the place in your document that you want the equation inserted Many people find Drag and Drop most useful while editing an equation i e dragging and dropping pieces of an equation within a MathType window Tutorial 5 in Chapter 4 describes how to drag equations or pieces of an equation to MathType s toolbar Saving Equations as Files You can use MathType s Save As command to create equation files in several popular graphics formats e Macintosh PICT files the standard Macintosh graphics format e Encapsulated PostScript EPS used with desktop publishing programs like QuarkXPress and Adobe s FrameMaker PageMaker and InDesign e Graphics Interchange Format GIF used in Web publishing Many applications can import one or more of these graphics file formats Which will give the best results depends on what you are trying to do You will find more advice on this subject in the other sections in this chapter that describe how to use MathType with specific types of application and in the Working with Equation Files section Moving and Resizing Equations in Documents An equation that you have imported into a document is treated as a graphic pi
146. rences menu choose Functions Recognized Type Prob as the name of a new function and click on the Add button Also if you don t want MathType to recognize Pr as an abbreviation for probability you can select Pr in the list of recognized functions and click on the Remove button Now try recreating this same equation to see how much easier it is Tutorial 5 Using MathType s Toolbar In the previous tutorials we saw two formulas that were very similar in the sense that they had many terms in common This is typical of many branches of mathematics For example consider these formulas from elementary statistics o Hx kyr Hg HEx en YxX EOX LY rx Ex How aE Many statistical formulae use the symbols u and o and they often involve various combinations of terms like X X When dealing with repetitive formulae like these you can save yourself a great deal of time by customizing MathType To save time creating statistical formulae we re going to place gin the Small Bar We ll also make expressions for J X and and place them in the tabbed bars Then we ll use them to create the second of the equations shown above The steps are as follows Chapter 4 Tutorials Toolbar Icon Sizes Using the Workspace Preferences command on the Preferences menu you can alter the size of the toolbar icons Adding New Symbols You can add any symbol from any font on your computer to the toolbar Enter it i
147. responding style If you change your mind just press ESC MathType User Manual Character Substitution If your current style is Math Variable Function Vector Matrix or Greek then MathType will sometimes substitute different characters in place of the ones you type on your keyboard One important example of this is the minus sign MathType will insert a real minus sign from your Symbol style instead of the hyphen that most fonts have instead Minus signs are about twice as long as hyphens so this makes a noticeable difference Several other characters are also replaced by the corresponding ones from your Symbol style examples include parentheses brackets and braces and and signs This generally improves consistency and results in better looking equations Finally whenever you type a numeral MathType will use the Number style On the other hand if you have explicitly selected a font and character style using the Other Style command or if your current style is Text User 1 or User 2 then substitution is not performed so you always get exactly the character you ask for rather than the one that MathType thinks you need Explicit Style Assignments For most equation typing tasks you will use MathType s Math style but will change to Text style to add an English sentence or phrase Sometimes you might want to explicitly assign either a style or a font and character style to text overriding MathType s automatic st
148. ring 74 Files EPS See EPS files GIF See GIF files PDF See Adobe Acrobat PICT See PICT files Foils 83 Font encodings 57 110 113 Fonts 8 41 109 as sources of symbols 108 blackboard bold characters 108 charts 113 choosing appropriate 107 Computer Modern 108 Euclid family 42 57 102 108 MathType User Manual explicit assignment 98 gothic characters 108 primary 42 95 102 used in styles 95 Formatting equations See Spacing Fraction bar overhang 100 Fractions 22 case 23 full size 23 reduced size 23 FrameMaker See Adobe FrameMaker Full typesize 83 99 Function recognition 32 97 Function style 31 96 G GIF files 2 60 69 73 74 moving between platforms 84 resolution 61 Gothic characters 97 108 Greek characters 25 35 Greek style 96 H Hardware 7 Help 4 HTML 60 baseline adjustment 93 generating for GIF 61 HTML code 93 Hyphen 98 I Illustrator See Adobe Illustrator Importing equations as files 73 InDesign See Adobe InDesign Inline equation 46 72 Insert Object command 70 Insert Symbol command 55 106 108 110 Inserting equations into documents 69 using Cut amp Paste 70 using Drag and drop 71 Insertion point 12 moving 16 17 Installing MathType 7 Integrals 36 expanding 36 Intervals 104 Italic characters 96 K Kerning 105 Keyboard notation 14 Keyboard shortcuts 19 62 displayed in Status Bar 62 spaces 103 style of
149. ritten e How to extend MathType s knowledge of fonts symbols and math languages e Working with mathematics on the World Wide Web Getting Help We hope that this manual tells you everything that you need to know about MathType but it is difficult to foresee every possibility If you have questions we request that you first refer to this manual and the online help If you fail to find the information you need or you would like to suggest improvements or new features please feel free to contact us Although we offer free telephone support e mail is usually the best way to get your questions answered You can reach us by mail by phone Monday through Friday 8 a m to 5 p m Pacific time fax or electronically as follows Design Science Inc 4028 Broadway Long Beach CA 90803 Phone 562 433 0685 Fax 562 433 6969 Technical Support support dessci com General information info dessci com Web site www dessci com Chapter 1 Introduction Please include your MathType registration number in any communication You can find this in MathType s About Box Registering Your Copy of MathType Registering MathType If you are anew MathType user please use the Register MathType command on Please register your MathType s Help menu or send in the registration card that comes in the copy of MathType so that we can inform you of complementary products and upgrades MathType package so that we can inform you abo
150. rst recall that you can find symbols and templates either in the palettes at the very top of the MathType window or in the bars lower down You have to pull down the palettes to find the items you need but you can just click on the ones in the bars For the most part the tutorials will require very common symbols and templates that we placed in the bars for you before we shipped MathType You can change the contents of these bars at any time we explain how in Tutorial 5 Also you do not have to worry about making mistakes If you type something wrong or choose the wrong symbol from one of the palettes you can correct your mistake by pressing the DELETE key Fonts and the Appearance of Your Equations The tutorials will often tell you that your equation should now look like this In fact the appearance of your equation will be determined by the fonts you are using so you shouldn t take this statement too literally MathType s default fonts are Times Symbol and MT Extra These fonts will probably be acceptable at least for the purposes of working through the tutorial and we recommend that you stick with them until you ve gained some experience working with MathType For the time being please do not change fonts by using the Other command on the Style menu as you ll see in Tutorial 8 there s a much better way of doing this in MathType and we don t want you to get into any bad habits Some Final Advice In the fi
151. rst few tutorial examples we re going to assume that you re using MathType along with Microsoft Word to create a document MathType works with a wide variety of word processing publishing Web editing and graphics programs but Word is by far its most common companion If you want to work through the tutorials using some other word processing application it should be 21 22 Word Toolbar You can inserta display equation using the button on Word s MathType toolbar You can see what each toolbar button does by holding the mouse pointer over the button for a couple of seconds A tooltip will appear containing the name of the button s command MathType User Manual easy to adapt the instructions that follow Also detailed instructions for using MathType with other applications are available in Chapter 5 In the tutorials we ll often tell you to type certain characters into your equations The characters you have to type will be shown in bold type Tutorial 1 Fractions and Square Roots In our first tutorial we will create the equation y J sinx e utan x This is a very simple equation to create but you ll learn about fractions and square root templates and we ll explore the properties of the insertion point and illustrate MathType s function recognition and automatic spacing capabilities To create the equation just follow the steps listed below Remember that the characters you have to type into the equation
152. s In the current equation this includes u x and y Very often according to convention the only difference you want between the Variable and Function styles is for the Variable style to be defined as italic Let s redefine the Variable style so that it s consistent with the new Function style definition 8 Again choose Define from the Style menu In the Define Styles dialog box press on the arrow next to font name in the Variable row and choose the same font assigned to the Function style Check that the italic character style is checked for Variable but not for Function Let s also change the Number style so that it uses the same font as Function and Variable You will find that this makes the equation look better Finally turn off the italic character style for the L C Greek style by removing the check in the Character Style column Lowercase Greek letters are usually italicized but let s experiment with this Note that for the two Greek styles and the Symbol style you can only assign fonts with the same encoding arrangement of characters as the Symbol font This typically restricts your choice to Symbol Euclid Symbol or some other similar symbolic font 9 Choose the OK button Your equation will be redisplayed using the new style definitions If you are using the fonts we ve recommended the equation should now look like this u exp so x y The variables u x and y and the numbers in the fraction 4 now
153. s The Template Palettes also work like standard menus just press or click the mouse button to display the palette s contents then choose the desired template The template will be inserted immediately to the right of the insertion point or if something is selected the template will wrap itself around it A template is a formatted collection of symbols and empty slots You build expressions by inserting templates and then filling in their slots You can insert templates into the slots of other templates so complex hierarchical formulas can be built up in a natural way Slots are intelligent in the sense that they control the properties of any characters inserted into them For example any text that you insert into the upper limit slot in a summation template is automatically reduced in size and is centered above the summation sign Placing the Insertion Point You can place the insertion point within the text of any slot by clicking in the desired location just like in a word processor Pressing the TAB key will move the insertion point to the end of the next slot in the equation By repeatedly pressing the TAB key you can make the insertion point cycle through every slot in the equation Since the TAB key is used to cycle the insertion point you may be wondering how to enter tab characters This is done with CONTROL TAB If you hold down the SHIFT key while pressing the TAB key the insertion point will move around the
154. s GIF images for equations and some symbols Supported on all platforms Target Browser F d Internet Explorer or newer Macintosh faster download fe All browsers Windows Macintosh and Linux Unix slower download g Use settings as defaults You ll see the Title has already been filled in with the document s Title property You can modify this if you wish the text will be displayed in the browser window s title bar and saved in the Word document s Title property 3 Make sure the other settings in the dialog are as shown above If you and or your audience aren t using Internet Explorer 5 exclusively click the All browsers radio button 4 Click OK You ll notice some activity on the screen and a progress dialog that indicates the status of the exporting process It shouldn t take more than a few seconds for a small document like this Your default browser will open displaying a page which should look almost identical to your original Word document If it didn t open or you didn t have this option checked start your browser and open the file you just generated most browsers have an Open command for this purpose 9 In your browser notice how the inline equations are perfectly aligned with the surrounding text Now let s try the MathZoom feature Move the mouse pointer over one of the equations and click You ll see a magnified version of the equation appear This allows you to clearly see sma
155. sed symbols templates and expressions whole equations or parts of equations Adjusting Toolbar Size and Content You will probably not need all of the items described above so we provide commands on the View menu for showing them or hiding them as you wish For example if you have a small screen you might want to keep some of the bars hidden while you are typing You can then use one of MathType s keyboard shortcuts to show the bar you need and then use the shortcut again to hide the bar when you re done See Tutorial 5 in Chapter 4 for more advice on using the toolbar Changing the Size of the Toolbar Buttons You may find MathType s default size of toolbar icons too small to read You can change their size using the Workspace Preferences command on the Preferences menu The picture of the MathType window shown previously displays the small button size Here are the three available sizes of buttons for comparison Small Medium Large Ruler Shows you how large your equation is and allows you to set tab stops that control formatting 13 14 MathType User Manual The MathType window also contains other elements which we have not labeled since they are common to most applications Refer to your computer manual or online Help if any of these items are unfamiliar Keyboard Notation in this Manual Your computer s keyboard has a number of special keys that we will be referring to frequently in this manual We will
156. settings Let s assume that you re required to produce a document where the body font is 10 pt Times The first step is to define MathType s settings to match the Word document 1 In MathType open the Define Styles dialog and set the main font to Times using the Simple pane Make sure the Use for new equations box is checked and click OK 2 Open the Define Sizes dialog and set the Full size to 10 pt As the other dimensions are by default expressed as percentages of Full size MathType will calculate them the appropriate values for you Again check the Use for new equations checkbox and click OK 3 Back in Word choose the Set Equation Preferences command on the MathType menu Make sure the MathType s New Equation preferences option is selected This means that whenever you create a new equation using the commands on the MathType menu or MathType toolbar the settings MathType is currently set to use for new equations are the ones that will be used Click OK to close this dialog Note you may not always want to rely on MathType s New Equation preferences If you tend to work with several different combinations of MathType s size and style definitions you may want to create a MathType preference file and then choose this file in the Set Equation Preferences dialog This will copy the file s style and size settings into your Word document so that no matter what changes you make to MathType
157. simply registers itself as the editor for equations you have already created with Equation Editor and earlier versions of MathType If you want to change this behavior or fine tune it choose the Object Editing Preferences command on MathType s Preferences menu This allows you to choose whether or not to use MathType to edit equations created by Equation Editor Chapter 3 Basic Concepts Chapter 3 Basic Concepts Introduction This chapter outlines the basic concepts used in MathType If you are an experienced Macintosh user you will be familiar with some of them already since they are common to many applications On the other hand the symbol and template ideas are unique to MathType so you may want to read a little about them The basic purpose of MathType is to allow you to create and edit mathematical equations In this manual we use the term equation to refer to any combination of mathematical symbols The approach to equation creation is very intuitive and visually oriented For each basic mathematical construct like a fraction or an integral MathType provides a template containing various symbols and empty slots You build equations simply by inserting templates and then filling in their slots Chapter 4 explains the techniques in detail You will generally be placing MathType equations into a document you re creating with a word processor or a page layout application or a similar program You ll want to r
158. sing you can always go back and read Chapter 3 or consult MathType s online help Notes for Users of Earlier Versions of MathType MathType 5 effectively replaces earlier versions of MathType as the application used for editing equations Although MathType 5 and MathType 3 x can coexist on a computer we do not recommend it You ll be able to use MathType 3 directly but equations in documents and other applications like Word will open for editing in MathType 5 In particular if you re using AppleWorks we suggest you remove MathType 3 x because the version of MathType that gets launched can be unpredictable MathType 5 s Installer does not delete older versions of MathType you must do this by running the older version s MathType Installer and choosing Remove If the old Installer is not available we recommend you delete the MathType 3 folder before installing MathType 5 10 MathType with Word The Using MathType with Microsoft Word section in Chapter 5 contains additional information for Equation Editor users It describes the commands and toolbars MathType adds to Word that automate equation insertion updating and numbering in Word documents MathType User Manual Notes for Microsoft Equation Editor Users Once MathType is installed it effectively replaces Equation Editor as the application used for editing equations However MathType s installation program does not delete the Equation Editor application but
159. small slots You probably won t want the parentheses in the integrand to be of the expanding variety so you can just type them from the keyboard rather than using the template Your equation should now look like this a x dx Chapter 4 Tutorials Parentheses Template You may prefer to use the template instead of typing and Using the template can give your document a more consistent look The template also includes more space around it so you may not need to add the thin space as shown here We re trying to teach you the different ways to create equations obviously the final choice is up to you Show Nesting The Show Nesting command on the View menu shows the different slots and can help you avoid making mistakes 2 Toimprove the appearance of our equation we should insert a thin space one sixth of an em in between the a x and the dx in the integrand MathType can not do this automatically so we provide you with a convenient way of manually entering a space of the correct size The palette provides a set of five icons representing commonly used spaces as shown in the following table Icon Keystroke ab SHIFT SPACE ab CONTROL OPTION SPACE ab CONTROL SPACE ab CONTROL SHIFT SPACE Alt Keystroke Description COMMAND K 0 Zero space COMMAND K 1 One point space COMMAND K 2 Thin space sixth of an em COMMAND K 3 Thick space third of an em COMMAND K 4 Em space quad ab None
160. sssssssssseesersssssessseseees 92 Editing a MathPage Generated Web Page cesssssssesssssssesersssesereeseees 92 Creating Web Pages with Other Authoring Programs ccssseseeeeeereen 93 Creating Web Pages Using Adobe Acrobat cesses 93 Table of Contents Chapter 7 Fonts Styles Sizes ANd Spacing sssini 95 UOT CU CUO Miss atss aasaipicivoacaisiviasseveynacaannaaastipvaynaguansannsuentaniaatoaasinunamanemaate 95 SD e EAE EA E A A AE A 95 A tomatic Sye AssgnMmeNnonaninaienoiinmanina nnan 97 EXDICIES Me ASSIGMIMGNS saocscncitrnstainveciivonndvanaiiatnensinonaaviasinigisuinieniiwndbenins 98 TYDE Z E E E anne aamannenene 99 AULOM GUC Size ASsSigAmMmENtS cotancecendtencavatantecndrenieitantieseaetateneetande 100 Explicit Size ASSIGMINGIUGS serv seuaestas diacstateaoeran ianvbadeseerbansiacveatadeecvnesadspantais 100 Be DTO ONEEN PEA A E A AA E neta 100 ECUGTON Preeren E Serino ai a ANE 101 USHT P relerencE FES sectsascnaininnds aaewade vidtenssioniaina anaa 101 Chapter 8 Advanced Formatting uss 103 MTodUCUON eiaa titre tarinen trtrrr tr trrerrt anna reenter raer 103 Overriding Automatic SPACING uo ceesseseessssesssssssesssssseressssseeesesreress 103 NUQOINO cc each tai a tuo geindaainice nena 104 Fence ANIMEN anenai coni o canton chainelaten 105 Changing the Font of Individual Characters eserse 106 Changing the Size of Individual Characters 107 Choosing Fonts for Math DOCUMENTS ccssesssesssserssessseesseerserseeen 107 Fonts as S
161. t Equation Numbers dialog Show Chapter Section Breaks You can show and hide chapter section breaks by clicking on the Show Hide J button in Word s toolbar This shows and hides the MTEquationS ection style as well as other hidden marks and Styles MathType User Manual Chapter Section Breaks The default equation number format includes a section number and an equation number e g 1 1 You can also include a chapter number if needed The chapter and section numbers are determined by the nearest preceding Chapter Section Break in your document You insert and modify these breaks using commands on the MathType menu We already inserted one at the start of this document as part of inserting the first equation number Now we ll change its value 16 Choose the Modify Chapter Section Break command on the MathType menu The location of the section break will be highlighted and the Modify Chapter Section Break dialog will open Let s assume we re working on Section 2 of a book so we want the section number to be 2 and the equation number to be 1 Choose the Section number button and enter 2 The Next option can be useful if your document contains several sections and you want them numbered sequentially Remember that there s no link between Word s sections and MathType s chapter section breaks it s up to you to associate them by placing the breaks in the appropriate places in your document Now click OK Th
162. t contains e Its PostScript font name used for generating EPS files For each character which may be a member of several fonts this knowledge consists of e Its description Less than or equal for example e Its usual role in mathematical equations variable or relational operator for example e The preferred MathType style to use when inserted into an equation Unicode and MTCode A key component in MathType s representation of its font and character knowledge is its use of Unicode Unicode is a system that assigns an integer value to every character used in the written languages of the world plus many characters that are in use in mathematics and other technical disciplines The bad news on Unicode is that it doesn t come very close to having assignments for all the characters in use in math and science The good news is that the Unicode Standard provides a Private Use Area a range of values that can be used by companies like Design Science to assign as they see fit We have extended Unicode by adding all the missing math and science characters and have named it MTCode MTCode is a superset of Unicode that MathType uses internally to represent all the characters that are used in its equations Some examples may help to make the MTCode idea more concrete Here are the MTCode values for a few characters Character MTCode value A 0x0041 Euro currency symbol Ox20AC T 0x2191 lt 0xE932
163. t contains special symbols If you assign a font to one of these styles you can insert any character from the font into an equation by choosing the User 1 or User 2 command and then pressing the key s corresponding to the character This is a good alternative to placing special symbols on the toolbars as described in Chapter 7 when you want quick access to a special alphabetic font For example you might use Euclid Math One for script characters e g F L P Euclid Fraktur for gothic characters e g 2 M or Euclid Math Two for blackboard characters e g B K R Automatic Style Assignment As we mentioned above MathType will often assign certain styles to certain kinds of characters automatically based on its knowledge of mathematics and typesetting conventions There are two mechanisms that cause this to happen function recognition and character substitution Function Recognition When your current style is Math which will be most of the time MathType will automatically recognize standard mathematical functions like sin and cos and display them using the Function style In addition MathType will automatically insert thin spaces around functions according to the rules of mathematical typesetting 97 98 Escaping After you type a one shot shortcut the Status Bar tells you that you have temporarily placed MathType in a special mode ready for you to type the character to get the cor
164. t in table of function names MathType has recognized Pr as an abbreviation for probability and set it in the Function style while o and b are regarded as variables In this tutorial we want to use Prob rather than just Pr as our abbreviation for probability You might think that you can fix the problem by just making the o and b non italic but we don t recommend this If you simply remove the italicization MathType will still regard o and b as variables which is not what we intend The right approach is to select Prob and choose Function from the Style menu This will remove the italics but it also tells MathType that Prob is the name of a function which will affect spacing and translation into languages such as I ATEX and MathML 2 Create the fraction in the middle term of the equation You can copy and paste Prob A B and modify it for re use in the numerator and denominator You can find A the set intersection symbol on the palette Your equation should now look like Pro AnD _ Prob A Prob E 3 Construct the fraction on the right hand side of the equation by using the template again The insertion point will be positioned in the numerator ready to type the text 4 If you just start typing characters into the numerator slot MathType will assume that they are variables so they will be italicized and any spaces you type will be ignored To type ordinary words and phrases you should first choose Text fro
165. tely beneath the slot containing the insertion point A series of lines created in this way one above another is called a pile You can use piles to represent matrices and column vectors if you prefer them to MathType s built in matrices Pressing the DELETE key with the insertion point at the beginning of a line will join it back to the line above Chapter 3 Basic Concepts Watch the Status Bar When the mouse is over a symbol or template in the Toolbar the Status Bar shows its keyboard shortcut Y ou can list all shortcuts by using the Customize Keyboard command or by looking in the online help See Tutorial 16 in Chapter 4 for more information Keyboard Shortcuts You can execute almost all MathType operations directly from the keyboard by entering keystrokes while holding down the COMMAND key For example you can insert a fraction template using COMMAND F i e by typing an F while holding down the COMMAND key Shortcuts of this sort are useful for advanced users especially expert touch typists who like to keep their hands on the keyboard Some shortcuts require you to type two keystroke combinations consecutively For example COMMAND SHIFT I 2 is a shortcut that inserts a double integral template To type this you must first type COMMAND SHIFT I by pressing all three keys at the same time release them then type a 2 In this manual when a shortcut must be entered with the SHIFT key held down the SHIFT key will alw
166. ter than ox tz Symbol and Times The Euclid and Euclid Symbol fonts supplied with MathType also solve this problem since they are specifically designed to match in x height and overall appearance ox TZ Use the Euclid Fonts for a TEX Computer Modern Look The TEX system was created by Donald Knuth in the late 1970 s to typeset math books It is a powerful but very hard to use tool that produces high quality printed output TFX and I ATEX systems typically use a family of fonts called Computer Modern and some people like the distinctive appearance these produce MathType comes with a family of fonts called Euclid consisting of 16 individual fonts with 6 different character sets that have the Computer Modern look These fonts contain the characters used in the TEX typesetting system but they are arranged in each font to work optimally with MathType and other Macintosh applications Appendix A contains charts that display every character in the Euclid family of fonts To help duplicate the look of TEX MathType also comes with an equation preference file called TeXLook eqp This preference file sets up MathType to use the Euclid fonts and also contains spacing settings that match T X s spacing This file is located in the Preferences folder inside your MathType folder Fonts as Sources of Additional Symbols You may need to use special mathematical symbols that are not available within MathType Vast numbers of fonts are available
167. ter section break by clicking the Delete button Controlling the Appearance of Equations Tutorial 11 in Chapter 4 shows how to maintain consistency between the look of your Word document and any equations it contains This section briefly describes the issues and provides some recommendations Before starting on a new document you ll typically use MathType to define the fonts and sizes you want to use Next you ll want to ensure that all equations you create in this document use the same settings You can do this using the Set Equation Preferences command located on the MathType menu in Word It allows you to define which equation preferences MathType will use when you insert a new equation The choices are to use either MathType s New Equation preferences as they re set when you actually insert the equation or a set of equation preferences that you can save with the document itself If you tend not to change MathType s New Equation settings then you can use the first choice which is the default but if you do make changes or you simply want to strictly enforce the preferences you should use the second 11 78 MathType User Manual Equation Preferences The preferences are stored as a Set of custom document properties You should not try to edit the properties yourself Save First It s best to save your document before you use this command in case you don t like the results Then you can close it
168. the braces This template is located in the 2 22 palette and also in the Small Bar Notice how the braces expand automatically Your equation should now look like this g Xi 14 Type the letter X into the summand slot the large slot on the right 15 Attach a subscript and superscript to the X using the 1 template Fill in the subscript and superscript slots with i and 2 respectively 16 Move the insertion point into the lower limit slot of the summation template by clicking inside the slot or using the TAB key and type i 1 As usual do not type any spaces MathType will automatically reduce the size of the text and will center it below the summation sign In this case MathType will not insert any spaces around the sign since it is in the limit of a summation Again this is a standard typesetting convention that you can override if you want to 17 Move the insertion point into the upper limit slot of the summation template and type in the upper limit n 21 28 MathType User Manual Selecting an Embellishment You can select an embellishment by holding down the OPTION key and then clicking on the embellishment 18 Move the insertion point into the position shown below If the insertion point is in the upper limit slot of the summation template pressing the TAB key will do the trick In fact as we saw in Tutorial 1 if you keep pressing the TAB key the insertion point will cycle through
169. the left and RIGHT ARROW moves one character to the right If the next character is a template the insertion point moves into the template s first slot If there are no more characters in a template slot to move over the insertion point will move out of the template If you hold down the COMMAND SHIFT key combination while pressing the arrow keys the insertion point will jump over templates i e it will not move into a template s first slot The UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW keys move the insertion point up and down between lines or template slots The up and down directions are generally determined by the physical location of each slot but when templates are nested within templates the template hierarchy may take precedence and not every slot may be passed through The HOME key moves the insertion point to the beginning of the current slot the END key moves it to the end The PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN keys scroll the MathType window up and down respectively but do not actually move the insertion point 17 MathType User Manual Selecting Entire Slots You can select an entire Slot by double clicking anywhere in the slot This is analogous to the way many word processors allow you to select a word by double clicking on it Aligning Lines in Piles You can align the lines in a pile in various ways using the commands on the Format menu Selecting Items in an Equation As in other applications you have to select the ite
170. tically handle baseline adjustment of inline equations This means that your inline equations will not align themselves with the baseline of the surrounding text We hope that this situation will improve in the future Cascading Style Sheets CSS can help but a solution that works in all browsers is not yet available MathPage handles this situation so if this is important to you we suggest you author in Word and use MathType s Export to MathPage command Creating Web Pages Using Adobe Acrobat Another way to create documents for the Web is to create them in Adobe s Portable Document Format PDF This is the format used by the Adobe Acrobat reader and browser plug in which are freely available for many different platforms see www adobe com acrobat Chapter 5 contains more information on using MathType with Adobe Acrobat 93 94 MathType User Manual Chapter 7 Fonts Styles Sizes and Spacin Chapter 7 Fonts Styles Sizes and Spacing Introduction This chapter describes how MathType assigns fonts styles sizes and spacing to the characters in equations and how you can change the automatic assignments to give your equations a different look Styles Each character in a MathType equation is either assigned a specific font and character style or is assigned one of eleven styles MathType s styles are somewhat analogous to text styles in word processing and page layout applications Each one is defined as a c
171. ting Read this chapter to learn the finer points of mathematical typesetting in MathType You will also learn how to override MathType s automatic formatting if necessary MathType User Manual To Get the Latest Info Visit our Web site at www dessci com for the latest information Contact us by E mail E mail is usually the best way to contact us and get your questions answered Appendix A Font Charts This appendix lists all the fonts that MathType installs Additional MathType Documentation Like most modern programs MathType has online help documentation that can be viewed using the commands on the Help menu MathType s online help is not a substitute for this manual but provides specific information regarding menu commands and dialog items and contains troubleshooting assistance for common problems While we have tried to make this manual complete and accurate there may be new information that was not available to us when this manual was written and printed Open the MathType Read Me file located in the MathType folder to see important last minute information and revisions to this manual In addition the MathType Web site at www dessci com contains a Technical Support section with articles on e Working with specific applications that are not covered in this manual especially those that were released or updated after this manual was written e Troubleshooting problems that were discovered after this manual was w
172. tive and you have to type spaces as you would in a word processor Choose Show All from the View menu if it s not already checked so that you can see your tab character which is displayed as a small diamond Also choose Ruler from the View menu if it s not already checked Your equation should look like this l c x f 9 76Xe when n is evel Note that the tab character causes the phrase when n is even to line up underneath the first default tab stop to the right of the x The default tab stops 53 54 MathType User Manual Changing Styles You can also use the keyboard shortcuts listed on the Style menu or CONTROL CLICK on the Status Bar s Style panel indicated by small inverted T s along the Ruler scale are positioned at half inch intervals starting at the left hand side of the current slot Since we are currently within the main slot of the template the half inch intervals are measured from the left edge of this slot i e just to the left of 5 Press RETURN to start a new line underneath the first one and type in its contents You should switch back to the Math style to enter 14 3x and switch back to Text again to type when n is odd Insert a tab character CONTROL TAB after the x as in the first line This should give you jo ps Lesa brava Dervis a l z 9 76xe when n is even Again the text phrase aligns with the first default tab stop to the right of the x c x Not
173. to the equation window We could have assigned a shortcut for this expression using the Customize Keyboard dialog but locating the command would have involved clicking on Toolbar Commands Tabs Algebra Small Bar Expression 14 Using the expression s Properties dialog is a lot faster Tutorial 17 Working with Tex LATEX amp MathML This tutorial teaches you how to convert MathType equations into textual markup languages such as TEX I TEX and MathML Our main focus will be on IATEX but techniques for other languages are very similar In creating your IATEX document we assume you will be running MathType at the same time as your usual TRX system 63 MathType User Manual Suppose you want to create the following paragraph in your IATEX document In the quadratic formula P b Vb 4ac 2a the discriminant b 4ac is the most important term The steps are as follows 1 Type In the quadratic formula in your text editor 2 Run MathType 3 From MathType s Preferences menu choose Translators In the dialog that appears set the options as shown below and then choose OK Translators Please choose the type of data that will be placed on the Clipboard by the Cut and jo Copy commands Cancel h r rrr a _ Equation object PICT Help Translation to other language text Translator TeX LaTeX 2 09 and later Description LaTeX translator v1 00 by Design Science Inc File LaTeX td
174. to use the toolbar s keyboard interface You can give the keyboard focus to a toolbar component using the following keyboard commands Symbol Palette COMMAND F5 Template Palette COMMAND F6 Small Bar COMMAND F7 Large Tabbed Bar COMMAND F8 Small Tabbed Bar COMMAND F9 Once a bar has the focus you can use the left and right arrows to move the selection and RETURN to insert the selected item or open its corresponding menu The Esc key closes a menu or returns the focus to the equation area You can switch tabs by typing COMMAND F10 n where n is the number of the tab to activate For example typing COMMAND F10 2 activates the second tab Deciding What to Place in the Toolbar Some symbols and templates are used so frequently that you may not need to place them in the toolbar You probably will have memorized the keyboard shortcuts for inserting them so there s not much to be gained by having them occupy valuable space in the toolbar Greek symbols in particular fall into this category once you ve learned that you can insert a B by pressing COMMAND G followed by b referred to as COMMAND G B you probably won t need to add these characters to the toolbar 35 36 MathType User Manual Insert Symbol Dialog Using this dialog is covered in more detail in Tutorial 13 Expanding Integrals Integral signs are normally a constant size You can create an expanding integral by holding down the SHIFT key whi
175. u use any command in a Word session Inserting Equations The MathType menu in Word contains commands for inserting equations in four different ways inline display and left and right numbered display Inline equations are located within a line of text Display equations occupy their own paragraph and are typically centered while numbered display equations also include an equation number aligned with the left or right margin We recommend that you use one of these commands to insert equations instead of using Word s Insert Object command They are more convenient and they also make use of any equation preferences you may have set for your document see below 75 MathType User Manual Keyboard Shortcuts CONTROL OPTION Q inserts an inline equation OPTION Q inserts a display equation OPTION SHIFT Q inserts a right numbered display equation and CONTROL OPTION SHIFT Q inserts a left numbered display equation AutoCorrect A tutorial describing how to use this Word feature is on our Web site at www dessci com Search for the term AutoC orrect Update after Deleting If you re order or delete equation numbers you ll need to use the Update Equation Numbers command to update the numbers and references Using References In some documents double clicking a reference can scroll to a completely different part of the document Press SHIFT F5 to scroll back to the reference The first time you insert a displa
176. ul not to place the pointer too close to the subscript or superscript slots or else the insertion point may jump into one of them when you click Chapter 4 Tutorials Inserting Fractions You can also insert the full size fraction template by pressing COMMAND F Spacing Chapter 7 includes a discussion of MathType s spacing rules and how you can customize them 8 Type in the sign Remember not to type any spaces 9 Construct the fraction by using the full size h template which is available in the Small Bar and in the 4 palette Be careful it s not the same template as the fraction template that we used in Tutorial 1 10 The insertion point will be located in the newly created numerator slot type the number 1 into this slot 11 Move the insertion point down into the denominator slot either by clicking in it or by pressing the TAB key Then type in the denominator n and press the TAB key again to move the insertion point out of the denominator slot Your equation should now look like this 12 Next we need to insert a pair of braces curly brackets You can do this either by clicking on the icon in the palette or by using the COMMAND keyboard shortcut Remember that is a shifted character on standard keyboards so you ll actually need to hold down the COMMAND and SHIFT keys while pressing the key that bears the and characters 13 Click on the icon to enter a summation template inside
177. ul to be able to transfer old equations from a TRX document back into MathType for editing or re use This is possible provided the equations were originally created in MathType with suitable translator options set To understand the approach choose Translators from MathType s Preferences menu and check the box labeled Include MathType data in translation Now create the quadratic formula again and Copy and Paste it into your text document This time the resulting text will be oe MathType MTEF 2 1 ole feaafiartlevlaaatCvAUfeBS juyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn ole hiov2DGilBTfMBaeXat LxXBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharggtubsr ole 4rNCHbGeaGgiFu0Je9sqgrpepCOxbbL8F4raqgrF fpeea0xe9Lq Jc9 ole vgaqpepm0 xbba9pwe 908 f s0O ygaqpepae 9pg0FirpepeKkFrOxfr x amp fr xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabegqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaacgd ole GHsislcaWGlbGaeyySae 7aaOaaaeaacaWGlbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaal ole YaaaaOGaeyOelOlaaGinaiaadggacaWGJbaaleqaaaGcbaGaaGOmai ole aadggaaaaaaa 40C9 x frac b pm sgrt b 2 4ac 2a R The first few lines of text starting with a sign are a TEX comment containing MathType s own private representation of your equation You must include this comment when you paste the equation back into MathType so it will be converted back into a normal MathType equation If you omit the comment or change it in any way the transfer back to MathType will not work TEX 65 66 MathType User Manual
178. un MathType and your word processor simultaneously and transfer equations into and out of your document Chapter 5 explains several ways to do this You can start MathType like any other application by clicking on the MathType icon An empty MathType window will appear 11 12 athT ype User Manual The MathType Window The picture below shows MathType with all parts of its toolbar visible Untitled 1 Symbol palettes w ana Template palettes JI PSR NE E gt RZCQNG a lt Smallbar pi iva Fek EE Trig Ged A Vv 2 25 amp a 8 SS Se ee lt Palette Derivs J Tabs Matrices Sets n lim i Large tabbed bar l X gt oo 2 z x r s a m o e Smaltabbedbar 25709 Dimis Let Ruler nE slot __ gt x x4 Insertion 2 lt Jinsertion point N a serocion Size Subscript 6 94 Zoom 400 Color E Within the equation area itself there are four items of interest Empty Slot A slot containing no text is displayed with a dotted outline Insertion Point A blinking marker consisting of a horizontal line and a vertical line that indicates where text or templates will be inserted next Selection The part of the equation that will be affected by any subsequent editing commands is highlighted Status Bar The Status Bar contains four areas that tell you your current settings for
179. ut upgrades complementary products and other important information MathType User Manual Chapter 2 Getting Started Chapter 2 Getting Started Overview This chapter describes the steps you need to go through to get MathType up and running and provides helpful information if you are upgrading from our Equation Editor product or a previous version of MathType MathType s system requirements and installation instructions are listed below Although installing MathType is simply a matter of running its Installer and following a few simple instructions you may want to read this chapter first so you have a better understanding of MathType and its components System Requirements In order to install and run MathType your Macintosh computer must have e OS 9 0 or later or OS X 10 1 or later e A hard disk drive with at least 20 megabytes of free space e CD ROM drive or an Internet connection for downloading the program e Enough memory for a 4MB partition in OS 9 Installing MathType Installing MathType is very simple just run the MathType Installer program and follow its instructions If You Purchased MathType Online If you purchased MathType from our Web site you have probably already run the MathType Installer In case you have not double click the file you downloaded and follow the instructions If You Purchased MathType on CD ROM If you are installing MathType from a CD ROM just open the MathType Install
180. versions of Word you may need to save the document in a different format for it to be readable by the older version Microsoft sometimes releases filters that allow older versions to read documents created by newer versions of Word If you re in this situation you should try a few different formats until you find one that works If you re still having problems check the Design Science Web site at www dessci com Working with Adobe Acrobat Adobe PDF files can be created from other documents e g Word documents in several different ways PDF files have the advantage of being self contained and reproduce with a high degree of accuracy the look of the original document They can be distributed by themselves or placed on a Web site One way to create PDF files is to use the full version of Adobe Acrobat This is different from the free reader available at www adobe com acrobat Starting with OS X you can also create PDFs directly from the standard Print dialog although you have little control over the process Acrobat comes with a detailed guide in PDF format that explains the process of creating PDFs A complete description of the process is beyond the scope of this manual but we can give you a couple of hints Firstly there are different ways to create a PDF file you can print your document using Adobe s PDFWriter printer driver or you can use Acrobat s Distiller Chapter 5 Working with Other Applications See the Tutorial
181. vert a simple Word document into a Web page In this section we ll discuss the MathPage dialog in more detail O Export to MathPage Document Title MathPage Tutorial a 54 File Name Macintosh HD Documents MathPageTutorial btm 4 Cancel wi Display in default browser I Help 4 Equatians fey Use images GIFs MathML using Mathzoom R Uses GIF images for equations and some symbols Supported on all platforms Target Browser d Internet Explorer 5 or newer Macintosh faster download fe All browsers Windows Macintosh and Linux Unix slower download Use settings as defaults The Document group lets you assign a title and file name The title is displayed in the browser s title bar The File Name field indicates where the Web page will be saved The default is in the same folder as the Word document but with a htm extension If you want to change the location click the Browse button and Word s Save As dialog will appear Select the location you desire and click Save and the new location will appear in the MathPage dialog Check the Display in default browser checkbox if you want the page to be opened in your default browser once it s been generated The Equations group allows you to choose whether each equation is represented in the Web page using images GIF files or MathML Images work well in all browsers several are generated for each equation and the most appropr
182. vidually in this manner it may be more difficult to make all equations the same size you will 83 MathType User Manual Font Warning Keep in mind that the fonts used in creating documents equation objects and equation EPS files must be available on both platforms otherwise the equation will not print correctly from the new platform GIF files are bitmaps so the absence of installed fonts is not an Issue 84 need to use the scaling capability of your slide or presentation application to specify the same scaling percentage for each equation Also line widths in fractions and radicals may not scale consistently in which case you should use the previous approach Working with Desktop Publishing Applications You can use MathType with desktop publishing applications like Adobe PageMaker InDesign or FrameMaker or QuarkXPress to create professional quality technical papers manuals periodicals and books You can insert equations using the clipboard or import equations saved as EPS files The latter although not quite as convenient often gives better results Color and Professional Publishing Professional publishers often work with precisely defined colors in their documents usually naming them based on a color standard like Pantone If you re going to import MathType equations into such a document simply define MathType s colors to match those of the document This is easy to do using MathType s Edit Color Menu co
183. write the names of these keys and combinations of these keys in small capitals COMMAND SHIFT A OPTION DELETE COMMAND TAB and so on You will have a set of four arrow keys the LEFT ARROW RIGHT ARROW UP ARROW and Down Arrow keys lt gt 1 These keys are grouped together on most keyboards and you should have no trouble identifying them as the arrow keys although your TAB DELETE RETURN and SHIFT keys may also have arrows printed on them Note COMMAND refers to the key labeled DELETE refers to the key used to backspace typically located next to the We use the term DEL to refer to the key labeled DEL or DELETE sometimes also with B located next to the END key typically above the arrow keys Mouse Notation in this Manual We use the term CONTROL CLICK to mean pressing the CONTROL key and clicking with the mouse If you have a 2 button mouse and right clicking is enabled you can just click the right mouse button instead i e you don t need to hold down the CONTROL key Entering Text from the Keyboard When the MathType window first appears on the screen a single empty slot is displayed as a small dotted box containing the blinking insertion point Whenever the insertion point is displayed MathType is ready to accept text Typing will cause the corresponding characters to be inserted into the slot containing the insertion point Pressing the DELETE key will erase the character or symbol to the left o
184. xpressions useful for many of the various fields in mathematics You can however rename the existing tab names as well as rearrange or remove any of the symbols and expressions that are in the default toolbar You can also modify any of the expressions if they re not quite right for your particular use Chapter 4 Tutorials Deleting Toolbar Items Another way to delete an item is to Command drag it from the bar and release the mouse over the Trash icon Keyboard Shortcuts Keyboard shortcuts are covered in more detail in Tutorial 16 To move a symbol or expression within the toolbar hold down the COMMAND key and drag the item to its new location You can insert an item between two others by dropping it between them 10 Try this by dragging the o symbol we added to the Small Bar in Step 3 to the Small Tabbed Bar The choice of where to place an item is entirely up to you a symbol or expression can be placed in any of the bars Now let s delete the o from the Small Tabbed Bar 11 CONTROL CLICK right click on the o and select Delete from the context menu that appears You may also want to delete the other expressions you added to the tabbed bars You can also change the names of the tabs to suit your particular situation 12 Double click on the Statistics tab to open the Tab Properties dialog where you can edit the tab s name and change its keyboard shortcut If you prefer typing to using the mouse you may want
185. y equation into a document a Word style named MTDisplayEquation is created and the paragraph containing the equation is formatted with this style This allows you to control the formatting of all display equations in your document by changing this style The initial settings for this style are the same as the style in use when you first insert a display equation You may be tempted to use MathType to insert just a character or two e g n or xi This situation can occur hundreds of times in some documents We recommend that you insert individual symbols in Word directly using Word s Insert Symbol command and then apply simple superscripting and subscripting This keeps the document smaller makes it save faster and be generally more responsive You can even use Word s powerful AutoCorrect feature so that when you type xsubi it gets replaced with xi If however you need special positioning of the symbols that you can t achieve in Word then using MathType is necessary Equation Numbering Tutorials 9 and 10 show how to use the equation numbering commands here we present a brief overview and some additional tips The MathType menu contains several commands for managing equation numbers and references Although Word has its own numbering mechanism captions you may find these commands easier to use You can insert equation numbers in your document using the Insert Equation Number command or the Insert Left Right Numbered Dis
186. y not be as clean as the original low resolution GIF as the scaling can introduce jagged edges You may need to experiment with a few different resolutions You can also use the HTML IMG tag s media attribute to display different GIFs on screen and when printing e g a low resolution GIF on screen and a high resolution GIF for printing See your HTML reference for more details about this attribute Getting an equation to align with the baseline of the surrounding text can be an art unto itself It typically involves using Cascading Style Sheets CSS and manual formatting As standards evolve and Web browsers constantly change it s difficult to recommend a solution that works in all browsers MathML is a new standard for expressing math in Web pages MathType can generate MathML see Tutorial 17 and Chapter 6 for more details Visit the Design Science web site at www dessci com for our latest recommendations Tutorial 16 Customizing the Keyboard MathType has built in keyboard shortcuts for many of its commands and the most commonly used symbols and templates However you can change any of MathType s shortcuts and you can also assign your own shortcuts for any items you place on the toolbar See MathType s online help for a complete list of the built in shortcuts We ll start by defining a shortcut for a template that doesn t already have one 1 Let s assume that you have to create several equations that include the i
187. yle assignments You do this in more or less the same way as in a word processor you can either change the current style or font to the desired one before you begin typing or you can assign a style to selected characters after you type them In both cases you choose the desired style from the Style menu Of course there are keyboard shortcuts for all these operations Style Changes that Affect the Next Typed Character If you want to set the style of the very next character you type MathType provides a few handy keyboard shortcuts that we call one shots The big advantage to these shortcuts is that you don t have to switch back to your previous style after you type the character MathType will do it for you Keystroke Assigns this style to the next character typed COMMAND G Greek COMMAND B Vector Matrix COMMAND U User 1 COMMAND OPTION U User 2 Chapter 7 Fonts Styles Sizes and Spacing Terminology for Sizes Although MathType attaches a special meaning to the term typesizes we sometimes refer to them simply as sizes We use typesize only where needed to avoid confusion Let MathType Make Font Size Decisions You can use the Other command on the Size menu to explicitly change character sizes But you will create more consistent equations with less effort if you let MathType make most font size decisions Typesizes Normally MathType will automatically determine the proper p
188. you re going to be using them repeatedly you ll want to place them on one of MathType s bars for easier access Press and hold down the COMMAND key and drag the U character from the grid in the Insert Symbol dialog to the Small Bar Then do the same for the M symbol See Tutorial 5 for more information about working with MathType s toolbars 57 58 MathType User Manual 12 Edit your equations to use the new symbols AWB AUB AMB AOB MathType knows all about the Euclid Math Two font so it realizes that the U and M symbols are binary operators just like U and and it puts the correct spacing around them automatically If you use characters from more obscure fonts you ll have to take a few extra steps to get this automatic spacing to work To learn more about MathType s knowledge of fonts and how you can extend it see Chapter 8 Tutorial 14 Creating Web Pages with Microsoft Word The Export to MathPage command provides the easiest way to convert Microsoft Word documents containing equations into Web pages It s based on Word s Save as Web Page command but solves the problems this command has handling equations Chapter 6 contains more details on the background behind this process this tutorial will show you how easy it is to produce great looking technical Web pages 1 Open Microsoft Word and create a new document containing the following We know that an equation of the form y ax bx c has two roots but the roots a

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