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Biogas Endeavour - User Manual

1. Mys ss e BMP is the normalised volume of methane produced per gram VS of substrate added NI gVS e Vs is the accumulated volume of methane produced from the reactor with sample i e inoculum and substrate e Vz is the mean value of the accumulated volume of methane produced by the blanks i e inoculum e mys is the total amount of inoculum in the sample my is the total amount of inoculum in the blank Mypsss is the amount of organic material 1 e volatile solids of substrate contained in the sample bottle If the ENDEAVOUR is measuring the accumulated volume of biogas without removing CO the biogas yield is expressed in a similar way as BMP i e quantity of biogas measured under standard conditions generated with each g VS substrate The degradation profile vs time can also be plotted If only one substrate is used the accumulated volume can be plotted directly If several substrates with different inoculum to substrate ratios should be compared calculate the methane potential for each particular case and compare the volume produced per gram of VS 54 APPENDIX B BMP AND BIOGAS YIELD CALCULATION FROM DATA GENERATED BY ENDEAVOUR In this section some issues important for the definition of the biochemical methane potential BMP of organic substrates determined in batch assays and an example for the calculation of BMP or biogas yield of a target substrate using the data generated from ENDEAVOUR are presen
2. Built in pressure and temperature sensors Embedded data acquisition maximum capacity 2x10 flow cell openings Web based software running on embedded server Detection capacity up to 33 1 cumulative gas per channel for each batch test Measuring range for instant gas flow rate 10 to 120 ml per min Measuring resolution 10 ml Power consumption 15 W average 28 W maximum Dimension 55x37x31 cm Housing plastic Accuracy 5 RE amp Precision 1 CV See the Data Reset section in chapter 9 on how to proceed if this limitation is exceeded 18 8 OPERATION In this section references are given to pictures in the Chapter 7 Equipment Description Design Function in the form of a letter and number within parenthesis e g A1 See also the user manual for the thermostatic water bath before installation and use Instructions manual Water Bath VWX Bioprocess Control 8 1 Before Start up If the user of the ENDEAVOUR is interested in measuring biomethane then the biogas produced in each reactor will pass through individual bottles containing an alkaline solution For the preparation of NaOH solution for CO gt fixation the necessary protection should be used All work should be carried out inside a fume hood while wearing protective equipment see Chapter 6 Safety Considerations a b c d e Prepare a 3 M NaOH solution take into account that the 500 ml bottles not delivered with the syste
3. Y Urk Layer Topology Discovery Mapper VO Driver Y Lk Layer Topslogy Discovery Responder Use the folowing ONS server addresses Preferred ONS server 209 67 22 222 rasi Properties Oeserpton Ajrernate ONS server 208 67 20 20 Tearamasion Cortal Prtocal rtemet Protocol The delat wide area network protocol that prowdes Commune across Gvene Valdete settings upon ext Adgenced oe ca d On the left side of the window select Change adapter settings 27 e g h i J Right click on the appropriate network adapter and select Properties Usually this is named Local Area Connection possibly followed by a number It is important that the adapter corresponding to the connected Ethernet cable is selected Select Internet Protocol Version 4 TCP IPv4 and click on the button marked Properties Write down the initial settings e g IP address subnet mask Select Use the following IP address and enter the following values in the fields 1 IP address 192 168 10 10 2 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Select OK Click Close in the remaining window WINDOWS XP a b c d e 4 Local Area Connection Properties internet Protocol TCP IP Properties General Gereral Advarced Correct using ED Reatek ATLEIOZE ATLOIOGE Fond This connection utes the following Recast Y Y File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks Y QoS Packet Scheduler You ca
4. amp Securit Secenghe Pe oni acento any re AER 9 De States Connected System Preferences Hardware y Firewire Y pia ers bread Dock y m N Location gt o a pAro gt Configure IPv4 Manually Ds E DVDs Dipian Energy Keyoourd Mouse Trackpad Print fax Sound Saver gt 192 168 10 12 Recent Items ee Ee internet amp Wireless Subset Mask 255 255 255 0 Force Quit XXY FA 8 est Router Sleep xa easy ve DNS Server Restart pra Search Domains Shut Down z 2 sn eo i Log Out 2 Q Accounts Date amp Time Parental Software Speech Surtup Disk Time Machine Universal Comarca Up ste Access m LarmDesk a Click the lock to prevent further changes Assist me Revert Apply Select the Apple Menu button and select System Preferences a Select Network b Write down the initial settings e g IP address subnet mask c Select Manually from the configure IPv4 dropdown menu and enter the following values in the fields 3 IP Address 192 168 10 10 4 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 d Select Apply 7 1 1 1 ALL SYSTEMS To access the instrument open a web browser Google Chrome is recommended as it provides the best and most compatible feature set for the ENDEAVOUR In the address field enter http 192 168 10 11 The address can be saved in the bookmarks of the web browser If multiple ENDEAVOUR units are installed log the IP address for each individual system Below is a quick guide to
5. be used NaOH reagent grade 97 pellets e g Sigma Aldrich 221465 or equivalent quality for CO fixation if the bio methane is measured instead of biogas e pH indicator Thymolphthalein 2 2 Dimethyl 5 5 di iso propylphenolphthalein C23H3004 CAS 125 20 2 ACS reagent dye content 95 e g Sigma Aldrich 114553 or equivalent quality Ethanol ACS reagent 99 5 e g Sigma Aldrich 459844 or equivalent quality e Silicone spray or other similar lubricant e Additional wall socket adapters plugs contacts the ones supplied are according to European US or UK standards depending on original purchase order e If the customer has a GC and is interested in off line biogas composition analysis gas sampling units can be ordered separately from BPC OE gt Y Alternatively reactors can be connected with NaOH bottles to obtain the total methane production 5 QUALITY RULES AND RECOMMENDATIONS The product guarantee provided corresponds to the guarantee stipulated on the confirmed product order form and shipping documentation The removal of the bottom plate on Unit B is considered a breach of guarantee For guarantee claims relating to the thermostatic water bath contact the manufacturer directly see separate handbooks and inform BPC BPC recommends using a mixed oxygen free gas ideally 60 N2 and 40 CO to remove any remaining air in the headspace of the bottles to create anaerobic conditions When 2000
6. before placing the plastic screw thread cap motor support A6 Screw until the thread on the bottle is no longer visible and the lid is properly sealed Connect the bent stir rod A7 to the motor by carefully tightening the two screws on the helical coupling Cut 6 pieces of Tygon tubing sufficiently in length to connect one of the small metal tubes on top of the rubber lids A2 of each reactor to the corresponding tubing connector on the connection block B4 located on the back of the detection unit Cut 6 pieces of Tygon tubing at lengths of about 10 cm and connect them to each of the free small metal tubes on top of the rubber lids A2 of the reactors Close the Tygon tubing with the help of plastic tubing clamps 20 MOTOR CONNECTIONS a Make sure that the power adapter for the Motor Controller is disconnected from the power supply b The motor units should all have the ON OFF switch set to the OFF mode c Connect one short motor cable to each motor excluding the last motor in the chain and then connect the free end of the cable from motor 1 to the free port on motor 2 and so on until motor 6 d The Motor Controller should have the System ON OFF switch in the OFF mode e Connect the long motor cable from motor 1 to the Motor Controller f Connect the signal cable from the Motor Controller to the motor signal port on Unit B THERMOSTATIC WATER BATH Do not install or use the equipment before reading the separate instru
7. changed 10 positions are available ranging between 5 sto 1 h Timer Switch Time Position 0 5s 1 15s 2 30s 3 45s 4 60 s 1 min 5 120 s 2 min 6 300 s 5 min 7 600 s 10 min 8 1800 s 30 min 9 3600 s 60 min 14 FUSE To protect the Motor Controller the Printed Circuit Board PCB is fitted with a slow blow 2 A fuse 522 520 If none of the mixers are working even though the power supply is connected this fuse should be replaced The fuse is located inside the Motor Controller which can be opened by removing the four screws placed in each corner of the top cover See picture below lt Y sW f Y MOTOR UNIT Each motor unit has its own driver board which controls the power distribution to the actual motor The switches are explained below ON OFF Direction switch switch Green ON OFF LED MOTOR UNIT ON OF SwITCH The ON OFF switch is located on the side of the motor and marked on the very top of the motor unit just above where the actual switch is located When a mixer is active and power is supplied an LED next to the ON OFF switch will be green If not all mixers will be used setting the ON OFF switch to OFF can turn each motor off individually The motor unit will make a sound to indicate when this is done It is recommended to set the switch on each Motor Unit to the OFF position before connecting or disconnecting the Motor Controller or any
8. is unpowered no gas generated by the reactors will be registered but once power is restored all active experiments will start to register the gas again As with all computer equipment care should be taken to ensure that the system functions after an unscheduled reboot Make sure that the experiment is running correctly and that data is being collected in an appropriate manner Also make sure that any other connected equipment such as the thermal water bath has restarted safely and with the correct settings SOFTWARE UPGRADE b OPERETT Software upgrade Select an Biogas Endeavour software upgrade file zip Choose File No file chosen Upgrade software Care should always be taken to keep the built in software of the ENDEAVOUR up to date BPC will from time to time issue software updates that can be installed on the system through an easy procedure These updates can contain both new features and bug fixes so it is imperative that when an update is received the system is updated at an appropriate time In order to install an update issued by BPC append upgrade after the to the standard ENDEAVOUR url visible in the address bar of the web browser An example for a standard configured unit would be http 192 168 10 11 app html upgrade This will display the software upgrade interface 42 Click on the Choose File button and select the zip file sent by BPC Note Do not unzip this file and never make any c
9. row number 15 is always used to obtain the amount of organic material in the inoculum in an ENDEAVOUR generated report Calculation of BMP for control The BMP of the control substrate can be calculated in a similar way The only necessary thing is to replace the column letters for the substrate data For example D E should be replaced with F G since this control is evaluated in flow cells 5 6 Figure 1 57
10. the page This is due to Google Chrome assuming that the delay is due to a faulty executed program This is not the case The delay is because of the very large amount of data accumulated If using other web browsers a dialog choice might not be presented and the web browser will simply stop executing the program thus making it impossible to properly access the system BPC always recommends using Google Chrome with the ENDEAVOUR After the system has loaded properly the report should be possible to generate As soon as this is done the running experiments containing large sets of data should be cleared and a new experiment should be started This does not however mean that the system cannot be used to analyse large data sets The procedure to do so is to run the experiment up until the recommended limit of the system generate a report and save it clear the cells and continue This procedure is then repeated until the full experiment has been finished After this the individual reports need to be combined and care taken to assure that the data is combined in an appropriate way If the system becomes completely unresponsive and it is not possible to access the data the regular way two options remain If the data can be considered forfeitable i e it is only for a short time period and the loss is not considered to have too large of an effect on the end results the data can be completely cleared by using the built in function referred to under t
11. to access In order to restore the system to a clean state this page can be used To access it enter the IP address of the system followed by datareset html For example with the default settings enter http 192 168 10 11 datareset html in the browser address bar 41 WARNING Please note that this function should only be used as a last resort It will remove ALL collected data from the system After using this function no report will be possible to generate without conducting a new experiment It is therefore highly recommended not to rely on this usage as a step in a normal workflow 7 1 1 2 CONNECTIVITY In order for the system to be able to function during an experiment there is no requirement that a computer is connected to the system or that the system is connected to a network The only time there is a demand for a direct connection between the system and a computer through an Ethernet cable is during the initial setup of the system The only time there is a demand for either a direct connection between the system and a computer or through a network is during the setup of an experiment and during the generation of a report There is no effect on the data collection capabilities of the system by disconnecting the Ethernet cable or turning off the connected computer If the ENDEAVOUR system loses power during an experiment the data previously stored in the system is again made available after the system is powered up While the system
12. wiw 95 41 inoculum amount g 1988 02 VS ratio 2 Substrate amount g 11 98 Total volume of reactor ml 2300 Inoculum VS or COD amount g 22 86 Assumed CH4 content 50 Substrate VS or COD amount 9 11 43 Type of unit VS COD vs Y Headspace volume mi U 300 Guideline matrix Show Store settings Restore settings Experiment common settings Headspace gas compensation o OYes No Initial headspace gas composition in bottles o OAir F lush gas N2 100 CO2 0 CH4 0 Gases solubility compensation Dres ONo Process temperature Fermentation temperature Celsius 7 Store settings This page is used to setup an experiment and to give guidelines to the user regarding the setup of the experimental reactors The user starts by selecting which flow cell reactor shall be used for the experiment by selecting one of the radio buttons Experiment settings The user enters relevant values for the total amount of sample volatile solids VS content of inoculum and substrate inoculum to substrate VS ratio e g 2 1 5 or 0 if no substrate is added total reactor volume for 2000 mL bottles this volume was estimated to 2300 mL and the expected CH content of the produced biogas When the user has filled in the values 33 the data is saved by pressing the button Store settings The software then automatically calculates and presents the values for the amount of substrate and inoculum which need to
13. 013 07 15 17 00 41 sampler senso no 653 time 2166394 temp 23 9 pressure 100 9 2013 07 15 17 12 06 sampler senso no 1091 time 2167074 temp 23 9 pressure 100 8 2013 07 15 18 26 40 sampler sensor 5 no 1111 time 2171550 temp 23 9 pressure 100 8 2013 07 15 19 18 53 sampler sensor 2 no 236 time 2174692 temp 23 9 pressure 100 8 2013 07 15 22 36 37 sampler sensor 3 no 706 time 2186553 temp 23 9 pressure 100 9 2013 07 15 22 54 34 sampler sensor 6 no 1092 time 2187622 temp 23 9 pressure 100 9 2013 07 15 23 16 08 sampler sensor 4 no 654 time 21889Z1 temp 23 9 pressure 100 8 2013 07 15 23 39 24 sampler sensor 5 no 1112 time 2190314 temp 23 9 pressure 100 8 2013 07 16 02 49 15 sampler sensor 2 no 237 time 2201714 temp 23 7 pressure 100 9 E 2013 07 16 04 22 14 sampler sensor 3 no 707 time 2207290 temp 23 7 pressure 100 9 2013 07 16 04 30 02 sampler sensor 6 no 1093 time 2207750 temp 23 9 pressure 100 9 v p v 013 Bioproc den AB All rights The system log provides the user with an updated view of what the ENDEAVOUR unit logging software has registered This includes both general events such as flow cell openings together with time temperature and pressure and time for motors starting and stopping It also includes errors experienced by the various subsystems of the ENDEAVOUR such as unexpected power loss When contacting BPC with support questions it is good to have an up to date copy of th
14. AMPLE g Mpriea M Burned TS is calculated as the ratio between the amount of dried sample mp ieq and the initial amount of wet sample mye VS content provides an estimation of the organic material in the sample and it is expressed either as the percent of the TS or as the percent of the wet sample the second case being applied in the BPC protocol when VS is calculated as the ratio between the difference in the amount of sample after drying and burning Mgumea and the initial amount of sample TS Mpried Wet VS Mpried Burned Mwet A template for automatic calculation of the two parameters can be provided by BPC Please contact BPC in order to get more information Preparation To be able to start an experiment at least one substrate and an inoculum are needed The inoculum is typically the sludge from a full scale biogas plant It is recommended to use an inoculum which is adapted to the current substrate If the substrate to test is already used in an existing plant the inoculum from that plant might be suitable Be aware that the time between sampling the inoculum and experiment start up should be as short as possible moreover the substrate should be as fresh as possible If this is not achievable they should be stored refrigerated or frozen Take into consideration the time necessary to measure TS and VS before starting the experiment PREPARATION OF THE INOCULUM OPTIONAL In order to minimise the amou
15. Bienh o Running Mixers off time sec 0 Cell 2 Blank i Running Oor Gon Cell 3 Sample O Running Apply motor settings Cell 4 Sample IDO Running Cell 5 Cellulose oO _ Running Cell 6 Cellulose O Running eden AB All rights reserved Biogas Endeavour This section handles the Control pages The page shows different controls that can be changed by the user Motor Control Through this function the user can control the speed and the mixer on off time The motor status is either on or off To activate the settings the button Apply motor settings has to be pressed The settings are the same for all motors Important The motor speed should only be set at a value higher than 80 to prolong the life time of the motors 35 Cellid Control Status cen Ended Start experiment Cellid Control Status Cell 1 il Running Cellid Control Status Cell 1 MO Paused Cell control Each flow cell has a set of buttons that control the experiment The first is the start experiment button When hovering over it with the mouse the text Start experiment is displayed Important When pressing the Start experiment button a new session is started and all data from the previous session will be deleted An experiment may be paused at any time This is done by pressing the corresponding Pause button During pause no data is recorded but the time is still registered By pressing the Pause button again the
16. ENDEAVOUR Biogas Endeavour Operation and Maintenance Manual endeavour ENDEAVOUR Biogas Endeavour Release History Version 2 0 December 2014 Any questions related to this Operation and Maintenance manual should be directed to Bioprocess Control Sweden AB Scheelev gen 22 SE 223 63 Lund Sweden Tel 46 0 46 163950 Fax 46 0 46 163959 E mail info bioprocesscontrol com Web www bioprocesscontrol com This document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright All rights are reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever or translated into any language without the prior written permission of Bioprocess Control Sweden AB Copyright O 2013 Bioprocess Control Sweden AB Produced in Sweden TABLE OF CONTENTS TL PRR ACB adri ETS ISSI EES AE 1 2 GENERAL ANFORMA TION isssycasossaeaiassuseas scsssescossusputavsossacslonssatsasehsddeossipncsnsusstasteotentaneelos 2 2 1 Conventional Biochemical Methane Potential BMP Assay ooooonoccccoccnoccconccconoconnconncconnc ns 2 2 2 Advantages of ENDEAVOUR over Conventional BMP Test ceeeeeceeseeeteereeeeeeeeeeeeaes 3 3 DELIVERY CHECKS acneea asistoi Ai acab 4 4 PRE COMMISSIONING int ia 5 5 QUALITY RULES AND RECOMMENDATIONS csccsssssssssssssssessessessessessseesessssseres 6 6 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS ssssscsisssnserscsveasouserssececvcbastibunssasideonhadevenensabessbandesencestessessstevenve 6 7 EQUI
17. In the screenshot the information necessary for determining the BMP of a sample is clearly marked out Two 56 values are given for each parameter since duplicates are used BMP can then be calculated according to equation 2 For the substrate this becomes 20 32 6583 3166 23 aes 10 46 For this particular example BMP can be calculated in Excel with equation 4 354 NmL gVS 3 BMP AVERAGE DS51 E51 AVERAGE B51 C51 AVERAGE D15 E15 4 AVERAGE B15 C15 AVERAGE D14 E14 In equation 4 the function AVERAGE is used to calculate the mean value of the replicates The replicates are either in columns D E cells 3 4 for the substrate or in columns B C cells 1 2 for the blank Gas production Vp Vs The accumulated gas volumes are specified in row number 51 However this number is variable and depends on how long the experiment has been run and which time basis is used As a general rule the row number of the last obtained values in the accumulated volume columns should be used The column letters will be variable depending on which cells are used and the number of replicates In this example columns D E are used for the substrate since it is added into the reactors connected to flow cells 3 and 4 Figure 1 and columns B C since the blank reactors are connected to the flow cells 1 and 2 Organic material mys Row number 14 is always used to obtain the amount of organic material in the substrate and
18. PMENT DESCRIPTION DESIGN FUNCTION ssssssssssssssscssssssssssssssssssssssessseesees 7 Tel Sample Incubation Unites hse ncity avis n seu E napa eatin ves andes 8 7 2 Gas Volume Wieasirin Oe VICE oi ses cease cs hess AN A oaths coke 9 7 3 Bioreactor Agitation SY SUSI a sece i 2005 oc a aii 11 Lae TECHNIC Bi AAA II Waging lutea N E nna h Aat 18 8 OPERATION sonripasia da tii 19 8 1 Before Start Up A O 19 9 ENDEAVOUR SOFTWARE esessesesossssesesossesossssssescssosossesessssssossssesssossssosossssssossssossssssssss 27 9 1 First Time Connecting and Setting up the Network ooooooconcccnocococcconaconononnnoconoconc cono nonnnonns 27 9 2 Finding the IP OAEENDEA YOURS 30 9 3 Function and Operaatiot TES n balers eas a a n i A a a EN AA 31 9 4 Troubleshootint sen nannaa a a AR Cts a AA AAA A TAE 43 10 MAINTENANCE Sind cabins adhesueidasasiescddschaneteniaustactusveseasoauved cake 47 APPENDIX A BMP TEST USING ENDEAVOUR METHOD DESCRIPTION 0 sccceccecceecees 48 APPENDIX B BMP AND BIOGAS YIELD CALCULATION FROM DATA GENERATED BY ENDEAVOUR inon A SRA E AR Geko 55 APPENDIX C LICENSES FOR THE OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE ON ENDEAVOUR 00 62 1 PREFACE Bioprocess Control Sweden AB Bioprocess Control Sweden AB BPC is a market leader in the area of advanced instrumentation amp control technologies for research and commercial applications in the biogas industry The company was founded in 2006 and today brings to market
19. a wet gas flow measuring device with a multi flow cell arrangement 6 cells This measuring device works according to the principle of liquid displacement amp buoyancy and can monitor ultra low gas flows a digital pulse is generated when a defined volume of gas flows through the device An integrated embedded data acquisition system is used to record display and analyse the results 7 1 Sample Incubation Unit acess E biopr Unit A A1 Multifunction brushless DC motor A2 Rubber stopper with 2 metal tubes 1 plastic tube and rotating shaft for mixing A3 Glass bottle 2000 ml as reactor A4 Plastic lid to water bath with 6 circular openings for reactors A5 Thermostatic water bath A6 Plastic screw thread cap motor holder A7 Bent stir rod rotating shaft AS Helical coupling 7 2 Gas Volume Measuring Device __ 10pr cess Tao a Endea VOur Unit B B1 Injection mould flow cell B2 Water bath package including water tank flow cell holder protection plate and electronics B3 Manual plastic water pump B4 Connection block B5 Motor signal connection socket for the Motor Controller 12 VDC 3 A B6 Power connection socket for the power adapter 12 VDC 5 A B7 Shielded Ethernet socket B8 Power adapter 12 V DC 5 A 7 3 Bioreactor Agitation System Two different bioreactor agitation systems are available from Bioprocess Control i an initial configuration in left picture based on standard brush DC mot
20. ate and inoculum V is the volume of biomethane coming from the inoculum present in the sample bottle and mys ss is the amount of organic material of substrate contained in the sample bottle In case of wastewater samples chemical oxygen demand COD is often used instead of VS The blank samples will generate only the amount of biomethane originating from the inoculum Vg and can further on be normalized to the biomethane production per unit weight of dry organic material in the inoculum The obtained fraction Vg mvs 1 has to be multiplied with the amount of dry organic material i e gram VS or COD from the inoculum in each sample bottle mvs 1s in order to calculate how much biomethane is coming from the inoculum in the sample reactor as following Myss m AO IS Vs V isle Mys 1B s gt Vs Mig 2 BMP Mys ss Mys ss Mys ss As seen from the equation 2 the ratio between the amount of organic material from the inoculum in the sample vs the one in the blank is equal to the ratio between the total amount of the inoculum in the sample m s and the one in the blank mp Example of a BMP calculation In this example the BMP will be determined for one substrate and a control Data is collected from an ENDEAVOUR system that has been running for 30 days The sample control and blank have been tested in duplicates 2 identical setups for each In Figure 1 a screenshot of a generated report from this test can be seen
21. back any loose hanging objects like clothing or hair when using the instrument The power adapter for the multifunction brushless DC Agitation System must never be used in the ENDEAVOUR detection unit 7 EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION DESIGN FUNCTION The ENDEAVOUR follows the same measuring principles as conventional methane potential tests see Appendix A which make the analysis results fully comparable with standard methods However with the ENDEAVOUR the analysis and data recording are fully automatic during the long incubating period which significantly reduces the time and labor demand for carrying out the analysis Moreover a high quality of data can be obtained which can be used to extract kinetic information of the degradation process This will in turn allow for a much better understanding of the dynamic degradation behavior of a specific biomass substrate further leading to an improved process operation The instrument setup can be divided into two units A and B please refer to the included photos In unit A sample incubation unit up to 6 vials containing small amounts of a sample with anaerobic inoculum are incubated at a desired temperature The media in each vial is mixed by a slow rotating agitator Biogas is then continuously produced a parameter which is used to estimate the biomethanation activity inside each vial In unit B gas volume measuring device the volume of biogas released from each vial is measured using
22. be added in each reactor The user has the possibility to see simultaneously the calculated values for all reactors by activating the hidden Guideline matrix function Show Guideline matrix Hide Bottle 1 Bottle 2 Bottle 3 Bottle 4 Bottle 5 Bottle 6 Blank Blank Cellulose Cellulose Cellulose Cellulose 2000 2000 1988 02 1988 02 1988 02 1988 02 o o 11 98 11 98 11 98 11 98 Row 1 is Inoculum amount g Row 2 is Substrate amount g Common experiment settings Some settings are common for all cells for example the initial headspace gas composition in the bottles the process temperature and the headspace and gas solubility compensation respectively The headspace gas compensation removes the overestimation error when the reactor headspace is flushed by a gas with different composition than biogas The gases solubility compensation removes the underestimation error due to the solubility of gases in the liquid barrier 1 e distilled water of Unit B These calculations are necessary when the total volume of CO or biogas is measured since the solubility of CO2 is much higher than the solubility of CH in distilled water 1 45 vs 0 02 g l or 0 74 vs 0 03 1 1 To save the settings press the button Store settings 34 CONTROL bloprocess ONT Experiment Download report Control Motor control Cell control Speed adjustment 80 j Cell id Control Status Mixers on time sec 1200 a Callisi
23. ber of pages all reachable from the start page named Home which is the first page the user enters Documentation and instructions regarding the ENDEAVOUR are available on the page The pages are organised in the order an experiment is setup executed monitored and finally documented The following pages are available Home The home page also contains links to the right to different kinds of information such as operation and maintenance manual technical specification and product information sheets Experiment The user prepares an experiment by calculating and setting up individual data for each reactor cell Control The user can start pause and end an experiment The user can also control the speed of the motors driving the reactor stirrers Graphs Two graphs showing the accumulated gas volume and flow rate vs time are displayed Download Report The user can generate a report from the page The report contains experimental data for each reactor cell 32 System This page contains the configuration of IP addresses and cell volume settings the system log and set date and time Performing a system reboot is also possible from this page EXPERIMENT bioprccess Experiment settings EN Ac Choose experiment bottle to edit O1 02 O3 O4 Os 06 Bottle 6 2 Experiment guidelines delta Bae Calculated value for setting up the experiment bottle Inoculum concentration 9 w w 1 15 Substrate concentration 9
24. ctions for the thermostatic water bath see above a Place the plastic glass lid with 6 circular openings A4 on top of the water bath in order to minimise the evaporation of water during the experiment b Insert all the reactors into the thermostatic water bath A5 and fill it up with enough water to completely cover the equivalent height of the content in the reactors ca 8 1 If normal tap water is used calcareous deposits may appear in the bath and on the heating element It is therefore recommended to use deionised or distilled water c It is recommended to place a thermometer through one of the holes in the lid inside the water bath in order to keep track of the real temperature of the reactors during the incubation period GAS VOLUME MEASURING DEVICE a Install Unit B on a flat and stable surface Use appropriate instrumentation i e bubble level device to verify the horizontality of the surface and to adjust the level of the system placed on the surface b Fill up the water bath B2 with deionised or distilled water The water level should be within the limits of the marking on the water bath c Make sure to remove the protective film from the transparent lid of the water tank NETWORK CONNECTION a Connect one end of the Ethernet cord to the gas volume measuring device Unit B b Connect the other end of the Ethernet cord to a computer or to an internal network c Make sure the computer is not connected to a wir
25. d check what IP it is associated with If a match is found enter this address into a web browser to access the ENDEAVOUR unit Depending on the internal network setup the correct Ethernet MAC hardware address will not be reported Compare the results from the last arp a to the first arp a actions performed and check if any new IP addresses have shown up If such addresses are identified manually introduce them one by one into a web browser to verify if any of them can be connected to the ENDEAVOUR unit UNRESPONSIVE SYSTEM If the ENDEAVOUR is used to collect more data than is advisable the system might become slow and unresponsive It might become difficult to generate reports and change settings It is thus highly recommended not to exceed the recommended gas production as in some cases it can render the collected data completely inaccessible During this time the page for the system might still appear to load but no changes will take effect In order to determine if the system is properly loaded or if the system is unresponsive go to the systems tab and look at the flow cell volumes fields While the system is in a non responsive state these values will be displayed as 10 Once the system is ready these values will be updated to the values calibrated into the system by BPC If Google Chrome is being used it might from time to time show a dialog box asking if it should keep trying or if it should stop
26. ddress can be entered manually The system has a default IP address If this address is changed a system reset will change it back to its default value Flow cell volumes Each cell has a unique volume When the cells are manufactured the volumes are calibrated and pre saved on the system Time settings The system time can be set either by synchronising towards the connected browser or an NTP server Using an NTP server requires that the system has a working connection to the Internet System power This menu performs a system restart This does not affect the ongoing experiments They will continue as soon as the system is up and running Be aware that during the reboot no values will be registered 39 System log System log Hide system log 2013 07 14 17 21 37 sampler sensor 4 no 649 time 2081250 temp 23 7 pressure 100 6 2013 07 14 17 44 51 sampler sensor 5 no 1106 time 2082641 temp 23 7 pressure 100 7 S 2013 07 14 18 57 12 sampler sensor 3 no 701 time 2086988 temp 23 7 pressure 100 6 2013 07 14 20 19 47 sampler sensor 6 no 1087 time 2091935 temp 23 7 pressure 100 6 2013 07 14 21 10 22 sampler sensor 2 233 time 2094981 temp 23 6 pressure 100 6 2013 07 14 22 29 49 sampler senso 1107 time 2099739 temp 23 7 pressure 100 7 2013 07 14 23 04 07 sampler senso 7650 time 2101800 temp 23 7 pressure 100 7 2013 07 15 00 21 34 sampler sensor 2702 time 2106450 temp 23 7 pressur
27. determine the anaerobic biodegradability and ultimate biogas or methane potential of wastes as well as the biodegradation rate under laboratory conditions 2 1 Conventional Biochemical Methane Potential BMP Assay A conventional BMP test provides a preliminary indication of the biodegradability of a substrate and of its potential to produce methane or biogas via anaerobic digestion Methods based on measuring the gaseous end product have been developed and reported as standard protocols with a variety of experimental setups The normal procedure to determine methanogenic activity involves inoculating a number of vials containing a small amount of the target media with anaerobic inoculum incubating them at a controlled temperature and periodically checking for the methane production by manual sampling and determination of the volume of gas released and analyzing the gas composition using gas chromatography GC Unfortunately the above described procedures are very time and labor consuming due to the large number of vials usually employed and fairly long incubation periods 1 e over one month Moreover the biogas produced and its methane content can only be measured periodically making it impossible to obtain satisfactory data to fully understand the degradation dynamics Furthermore it is difficult to perform the test satisfactorily within the normal working routines of a laboratory Therefore there is a need for a highly automated biogas
28. e system log and to be able to provide this upon request 40 DATA a 0 O pre ce SS Experiment Graphs Download report View cell data Time Temp Pres OO WN gt 00000 466437 23 9 100 8 610202 23 9 100 9 Copyright 2009 2013 Bioprocess Control Sweden AB All rights reserved Biogas Endeavour This section shows what the Data page looks like After entering the IP address to the page followed by app html data e g http 192 168 10 11 app html data the raw logged cell data in table format is displayed In the current state the cell data is just an image of the file that contains the data The file that is displayed depends on the selected radial button Only data for one cell at a time can be displayed This view is meant as an overview of the raw data and should not be interpreted as the final result of the running experiments To make full use of the ENDEAVOUR capabilities a full report using the built in features of the system should be generated DATA RESET bloprocess ONTROL Reset instrument data WARNING This will erase ALL experimental data currently collected by the instrument It is recommended that you generate any necessary reports before continuing Erase all data Back to the instrument main page This section shows what the Data Reset page looks like When the ENDEAVOUR is instructed to collect more data than the system is designed for it might become unresponsive and difficult
29. e 100 6 2013 07 15 01 23 07 sampler sensor 6 no 1088 time 2110135 temp 23 7 pressure 100 7 2013 07 15 03 26 05 sampler sensor 5 11108 time 2117515 temp 23 7 pressure 100 7 2013 07 15 04 25 30 sampler sensor 2234 time 2121089 temp 23 7 pressure 100 8 2013 07 15 04 57 10 sampler senso 651 time 2122983 temp 23 7 pressure 100 7 2013 07 15 05 49 09 sampler senso 1703 time 2126105 temp 23 7 pressure 100 7 2013 07 15 06 41 19 sampler sensor 6 no 1089 time 2129227 temp 23 7 pressure 100 8 2013 07 15 08 52 40 sampler sensor 5 no 1109 time 2137110 temp 23 7 pressure 100 9 2013 07 15 11 16 35 sampler sensor 4 no 652 time 2145748 temp 23 7 pressure 100 9 2013 07 15 11 29 47 sampler sensor 3 no 704 time 2146543 temp 23 7 pressure 100 9 2013 07 15 12 12 57 sampler sensor 2 no 235 time 2149136 temp 23 7 pressure 100 9 2013 07 15 12 15 48 sampler sensor 6 no 1090 time 2149296 temp 23 7 pressure 100 9 2013 07 15 13 23 20 sampler sensor 5 no 1110 time 2153350 temp 23 7 pressure 100 9 2013 07 15 14 57 33 exception Power fail detected shutting down 2013 07 15 14 57 33 exception 2013 07 15 14 58 31 exception Exception application started 2013 07 15 14 58 31 sampler Application start 2013 07 15 14 58 32 motor Motor application started 2013 07 15 14 58 32 motor Starting PWM NORMAL with 184 2013 07 15 16 59 25 sampler sensor 3 no 705 time 216632Z1 temp 23 9 pressure 100 9 2
30. e Motor Controller receives signals from the test system through an analogue signal cable pictured below WARNING The position of the signal and grounding terminals of the connectors are reversed on the Motor Controller compared to the AMPTS II system On the Motor Controller the ground is at the bottom terminal see the picture below Always make sure the proper cable is used and that it is inserted the correct way or the system could be permanently damaged Top connector for signal control 0 12 V Bottom connector for grounding MOTOR CABLES The signals from the Motor Controller are distributed to each motor unit through the motor cables see picture below They should be connected serially and are fastened to the motor units with the help of latches The 1 5 m cable is used only to connect the MOTOR output on the Motor Controller to the first motor 5 MIXING INTENSITY The motors can be operated at different speeds ranging from 10 200 RPM The speed is adjusted linearly between 10 and 200 RPM referred to as per cent 5 100 in the AMPTS II software At a DC signal of 0 zero V the motor is out of function and at 12 V it is rotating at top speed 200 RPM An acceleration deceleration ramp is built into the system to provide a smooth transition between different speeds TIMER TO CONTROL INTERVALS OF MOTOR REVERSAL The rotary Timer switch can be used to set the time that should elapse before the direction is
31. e set before the last switch off c Run your application with the Start button MOTOR AND POWER CABLES a Check that all motor cables are connected to each other and that the long motor cable is connected between the first motor and the Motor Controller b Check that the analogue signal cable is connected between the Motor Controller and the detection unit Unit B c Connect the 12 V power adapter to the detection unit Unit B B6 and to a 100 240 V 50 60 Hz standard power socket After this connect the 24 V power adapter to the Motor Controller and to a 100 240 V 50 60 Hz standard power socket 22 IMPORTANT The power adapters for the Motor Controller and Unit B of the ENDEAVOUR have different characteristics Make sure the right ones are used or the system could be permanently damaged d Set the System switch on the Motor Controller to ON e Set the ON OFF switches on each motor unit to ON Detection Unit Motor Controller ia LN 24 V gt a 2 71 A ko F 12V 5A WARNING Never connect the Power Adapter for the Motor Controller to the Detection Unit Power source SOFTWARE a Make sure that the shielded Ethernet cord is connected to the gas volume measuring device Unit B and a computer or a local internal network Make sure that the network cable is connected prior to connecting the power supply b The ENDEAVOUR software for embedded data acquisition and the built in web server will be load
32. e will be a pre defined value Usually this will be the appropriate value for the network the ENDEAVOUR is connected to If the value here should be changed to reflect the internal network address assigned to new systems do so The program will now display a list of IPv4 addresses with associated Ethernet MAC hardware addresses Check if any of these addresses match the Ethernet MAC hardware address associated with the ENDEAVOUR instrument printed on the back of the instrument If a match is found enter this address into a web browser to access the ENDEAVOUR unit USING THE COMMAND PROMPT IN WINDOWS Start the windows command prompt via the Windows start menu This is usually located in All Programs Accessories Command Prompt At the command prompt write arp a without the quotation marks and press enter This will generate a list of the IP addresses currently in the arp cache Check if any of the values located under Physical Address match the Ethernet MAC hardware address associated with the new ENDEAVOUR Instrument If a match is found enter this address into a web browser to access the ENDEAVOUR unit If none of these addresses match the Ethernet MAC hardware address of the unit the next step is to update the arp cache by issuing a broadcast ping to your local network First find out what the IP address of the currently used computer is by writing ipconfig without the quotation marks in the co
33. ed and started up automatically after powering up Unit B c Follow the instructions in Chapter 9 ENDEAVOUR Software step by step for accessing the software interface through an Internet browser such as Google Chrome Firefox or the latest version of Internet Explorer Using Google Chrome is always recommended d When software and experiment configuration have been completed start the data logging function of the ENDEAVOUR software In the Control menu activate all the cells for data registration Open each cell in the gas volume measuring device manually several times and follow the corresponding result of each opening on the plots in the Graph menu of the software to make sure that both the detection system and data acquisition system function properly 23 e Check the files obtained when generating a report in the Download report menu Download these files and open them using Microsoft Excel 2007 or a later version If prompted by the software to install Adobe Flash please do so f Re start the ENDEAVOUR software by pressing the End experiment and Start experiment buttons for each individual cell 1 e pause stop play 8 3 Monitoring REACTORS a If possible perform a GC analysis to determine the fraction of methane in the raw biogas samples or simply estimate the methane content based on any literature study or previous experimental result for a similar substrate sample b Periodically check that the helical c
34. eless network If possible temporarily completely disable the wireless capability d Make sure that the network cable is connected to the network prior to connecting the power supply 21 8 2 Start up FLUSHING THE REACTORS a Before flushing the system with gas to create anaerobic conditions disconnect the Tygon tube from the connection block on Unit B B4 b Connect the gas source to the Tygon tubing with the red tube clamp c Open the red tube clamp d Flush the system with a low gas flow 1 e 2 5 to 10 l min gently for 60 120 seconds e Stop the flush gas and close the red tube clamp f Disconnect the flush gas source g Re connect the Tygon tubing to Unit B B4 Repeat the procedure for all the reactors used in the test Important Before flushing the system please disconnect the Tygon tubing from Unit B in order to eliminate the risk of damaging built in check valves in Unit B with the high pressure gas flow After flushing the system and before starting the data logging please manually open all the flow cells in the gas measuring device in order to release any remaining flush gas trapped in the flow cell chambers THERMOSTATIC WATER BATH a Start up the thermostatic water bath after connecting the device to a power supply switching the power to On at the back of the device and pushing the ON OFF button in the controller b Set the operating temperature if it is different from the valu
35. epartment to make sure that the correct settings are applied If for any reason the wrong settings are applied the ENDEAVOUR can be reset to the factory default settings by pressing the reset button located at the back of the unit This will reset the unit to its default state with the default network settings d Disconnect the provided shielded Ethernet cable from the computer not the ENDEAVOUR and connect it to the internal network e Change the network settings on the computer to reflect the state they were in prior to starting the ENDEAVOUR configuration and if needed reconnect it to the internal network 9 2 Finding the IP of ENDEAVOUR If you configure the ENDEAVOUR system to use a DHCP server the unit will request an IP address from a local server on the network In order to access the system this IP address needs to be known Due to the complexities and different setups that can be present in a network there is no easy way to describe how this IP address can be found The recommended procedure is to get this information from the local IT department 30 9 3 Function and Operation LOG IN bIOprocess gt ONTROL The page is used to log in to the ENDEAVOUR a Press Log in to the Biogas Endeavour instrument b Write in the user name user c Write in the password bpc default password 31 HOME bioprocess ONTROL Biogas Endeavour The web interface is organized in a num
36. ets the speed signal sent from the Unit C of the AMPTS II and controls the direction of the motors All the mixers receive the same information from the Motor Controller The picture below shows the control panel on the front side of the Motor Controller ON OFF System ON OFF Motor cable Timer control LED switch connector Signal control top Auto ON OFF Power inlet Ground bottom motor directions The ON OFF switch shown in the picture above turns the power of the Motor Controller on and off When the switch is ON in the upper position the red LED will be lit up to indicate that the system is active It is recommended to set the switch to OFF before connecting disconnecting the Motor Controller to from the power mains When the AUTO switch on Motor Controller is set to OFF the mixers will be operated in continuous rotation mode i e the mixers will always rotate in the same direction Setting the switch to ON will activate the AUTO reversing mode which will make the Motor Controller change the mixer directions at regular intervals For the Auto reversing mode to work as intended the DIRECTION switch on each motor needs to be in the AUTO middle position as well If the switch is in either CW or CCW position the mixer will start and stop but never change direction See section Direction Switch for further explanation of the different combinations of settings on the Motor Controller and the motor units SIGNAL CABLE Th
37. experiment will continue normally When the pause button has been pressed the End experiment button becomes available By pressing the End experiment button neither data nor time are further recorded The collected data is available until the next time the Start experiment is pressed 36 GRAPH bIOprocess Cells to display in graph O Y Y Y Y a A ee Accumulated gas volume Nml 8000 Flow rate Nml day a This section shows what the Graphs page may look like In some browsers the data might not initially display and reloading the page might be necessary Cell status All 6 cells have a checkbox Active cells have a colour assigned to them If a cell is not active the assigned colour is grey When hovering over an active cell the latest cell opening time is displayed Accumulated gas volume and flow rate The two graphs show the accumulated gas volume and the current flow rate for the selected cells The values displayed in the graphs are adjusted for Gas solubility and or initial headspace composition if selected and the gas volumes are normalised to 1 0 atmospheric pressure 0 C and zero moisture content 37 DOWNLOAD REPORT bioprccess C ON TROL xperime Graphs Download report Report Interpolation time base Day iv Generate report Hour Quarter of an hour O Copyright 2009 2013 Bioprocess Control Sweden AB All rights reserved Biogas Endeavour On the Download report pa
38. ge it is possible to select the unit for the time e g quarter of hour hour or day as well as to generate a report 38 SYSTEM b PREE System version 1 0 v1 1 Network Time settings The instrument Ethernet MAC hardware address is F2 14 08 B7 01 16 The instrument time is Wed Jul 17 15 37 42 2013 GMT 1 O M Obtain an IP address and DNS information automatically Select your timezone GMT 1 00 hour Brussels Copenhagen Madrid Paris Stockholm O Synchronize time automatically over Internet Flow cell volumes ml m Your local browser time is 2013 07 17 16 09 GMT 1 Use this time for instrument System power Restart the system Cell1 Cell2 Cell3 110 09 10 06 10 14 Cell4 Cell Cell6 10 22 98 10 02 Store cell volume settings Reset to factory default Change system password New password Confirm password Change password System log Show system log J ae O Copyright 2009 2013 Bioprocess Control Sweden AB All rights reserved Biogas Endeavour This section shows what the System page looks like The page contains settings that are configured during the installation of the system and do not need to be modified afterwards The page also gives the user the possibility to log the status latest actions of the system Network The system can be set up to obtain an IP address automatically if this is not possible e g no DHCP server available an IP a
39. hanges to the files contained inside of it Also make sure that the filename does not include any parenteses Some operating systems such as Microsoft Windows will sometimes append parenteses to filenames when the same file is downloaded more than once If this is the case remove the parenteses from the filenames before using it to upgrade the system When the file has been properly selected click on the Upgrade software button During the upgrade process make sure that the system is not restarted or otherwise loses power This might result in a failed upgrade If this happens redo the entire upgrade process from the start It is recommended to leave the ENDEAVOUR to finish its upgrade for five minutes to ensure that everything has been installed appropriately When the upgrade is completed the system will restart with all previous data and settings intact and ready for use To verify that the upgrade has taken place go to the system tab of the system and in the top left corner compare the stated software version number to the version number of the file issued by BPC 9 4 Troubleshooting This section deals with problems that might arise during the operation of the ENDEAVOUR The instrument is highly advanced and needs to be handled as such This means that from time to time unintended events might occur or difficulties in handling the equipment might be experienced It is the intention of this chapter to help minimise the probabil
40. he 45 head line Data Reset in chapter 9 This will make it possible to use the system again without affecting any of the network settings Please note that the reset function on the back of the unit should NOT be used for this The reset function on the back of the unit only resets the network settings and leaves the data intact If the data is considered high value it is possible for BPC to access the raw data of the system Raw data is defined as the time when a flow cell opened as well as the associated temperature and pressure If internet access is given to BPC to the system IP port 80 and port 22 this raw data can be extracted and the system can also be reset Please note that this should not be viewed as a solution taken lightly The raw data while in itself useful needs to later on be analysed by the customer The raw data does not take into account such features built into the ENDEAVOUR report generation function such as normalization calibration of the flow cells flush gas calculations gas solubility in water and so forth 46 10 MAINTENANCE CLEAN THE EQUIPMENT REACTORS Use a bottlebrush and washing up liquid detergent to clean the inside and outside of the reactors Rinse well with water Do not autoclave the stirrers because they contain plastic and rubber parts which are characterised by uncertain heat stability and are therefore not suitable for autoclaving THERMOSTATIC WATER BATH If normal tap wate
41. herefore the picture does not necessary conform to the reality 1 plastic glass lid for the water bath with 6 circular openings for reactors 6 helical couplings 6 plastic tubing clamps UNITB 1 measuring unit including water tank flow cell holder 6 injection mould flow cells 1 plastic glass lid for the water tank 1 manual plastic water pump 1 power adapter input 100 240 V 50 60 Hz output 12 V DC 5 A OTHER COMPONENTS 1 shielded Ethernet cord 1 Motor Controller 1 box of 15 m flexible Tygon tubing 1 number markers kit for tubes 6 plastic lids blue 1 Allen key for helical couplings 1 manual OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT 6 glass bottles 1 1 bottles with one port designed for continuous pH monitoring during the batch fermentation and 6 stirrers adjusted for 1 bottles 6 glass bottles 2 1 bottles with one port designed for continuous pH monitoring during the batch fermentation and 6 stirrers adjusted for 2 bottles Gas sampling units 6 glass bottles 500 ml for removing CO2 6 plastic screw caps with hole 6 rubber stoppers with 2 metal tubes 4 PRE COMMISSIONING The following items are not included in the delivered ENDEAVOUR however they will may be required to operate the ENDEAVOUR e Thermometer for temperature indication in the thermostatic water bath e N or a mixture of N gt CO to obtain anaerobic conditions during the sample preparation phase BPC recommends a mixture of Nz 60 and CO 40 to
42. ing cellulose or other standard substrate to test the quality of the inoculum b When preparing the experiment a certain inoculum to substrate ratio ISR needs to be chosen The appropriate ratio depends on the method chosen or the properties of the substrate At the BPC laboratory inoculum to substrate ratios of 3 2 2 1 based on VS are normally used However if it is known that the substrate contains inhibitory substances it is recommended to test higher ratios i e less substrate c When this ratio has been decided the amounts of inoculum mzs and substrate m s in the sample need to be calculated A total amount of maximum 2000 g liquid per reactor for 2000 ml bottle is normally used in the BPC laboratory to avoid problems if foaming occurs If several substrates are to be tested with the same inoculum calculate the amount of inoculum in accordance with the substrate with the lowest VS value see formulas below This amount of inoculum is then subsequently used for the other substrates and the amount of substrate is then adjusted so that the desired VS ratio is achieved In this way only one set of blanks corresponding to the amount of inoculum added in each reactor can be used However some of the reactors will then contain a total volume smaller than 2000 g If the same amount is desired in all bottles these reactors may be filled up to 2000 g using water misXVS amount of inoculumVS _ ion m sXVS amount of substra
43. ity of such events and provide advice on how to solve some of the most common problems which can come up during system operation FINDING THE ENDEAVOUR ON THE INTERNAL NETWORK If there is a problem of locating the assigned IP address of the ENDEAVOUR after connecting it to the Internal network using automatic IP settings NOTE This does not apply if you have setup the instrument to be used via a direct shielded Ethernet cable connection from a computer to the ENDEAVOUR instrument there are few ways of manually detecting the unit Due to the different ways networks can be setup there is no way to guarantee that these steps will work They should thus not be seen as replacements for contacting the local IT department which is the recommended way of obtaining the IP address of the instrument but assist if for some reason this is not feasible These instructions are meant for the Microsoft Windows operating systems USING AN EXTERNAL TOOL IP TOOLS Start by entering the following address http www softpedia com get Network Tools Protocol Analyzers Sniffers IP Sniffer shtml into the web browser to download the IP Sniffer tool 43 After downloading the file unzip it to a suitable location and enter the directory created There a file named iptools exe should be available Start the program and in the main window select Tools gt ARP gt ARP Scan MAC to IP on the top toolbar A new window will appear In the subnet field ther
44. m should be filled with at least 400 ml each Be careful and follow safety precautions as this is a highly alkaline solution After weighing the necessary amount of NaOH mix it with approximately of the required total volume of distilled water e g 120 g NaOH in 3 4 of 1 1 water The heat generation following dissolution of NaOH in water is high so that adding small amounts of supplementary water followed by mixing is recommended When the NaOH is completely dissolved add the entire amount of remaining water and mix well Prepare a 0 4 Thymolphthalein pH indicator solution 80 mg in 18 ml ethanol 99 5 followed by addition of 2 ml water Thymolphthalein is insoluble in water but it is freely soluble in ethanol Prepare the NaOH solution containing the pH indicator by mixing 5 ml of the 0 4 Thymolphthalein solution per 1 1 NaOH 3M solution If all 6 reactors are used preparation of as much as 3 NaOH and 15 ml Thymolphthalein is recommended the additional solution may be necessary for quickly changing the fixation liquid if the solution becomes impaired the color change from blue to colorless due to the pH indicator Thymolphthalein Add approximately 400 ml of the mixture containing NaOH solution and Thymolphthalein pH indicator into each glass bottle 500 ml Lubricate rubber stoppers on the side that is in contact with the glass bottle preferably with silicone spray or silicone stick Place a rubber stopper with two metal t
45. m the last opening of a cell b Generate a report in the Download report menu Download the report and open it to make sure that the report has been generated properly and that no errors occurred while downloading the file c Stop the logging by pressing the pause button and then the stop button Note When pressing the stop button the experiment associated with that particular cell can no longer be continued d Turn off the thermostatic water bath e Disconnect all tubing connections between the reactors and the gas volume measuring device f Empty the water from the water bath by using the manual plastic water pump only Do not pour out water from water bath in any other way Directly pouring out the water without using the water pump might allow water to flow into the space between the water tank and the stand as well as flow into the stand There is a potential risk of electronic damage even if only very limited amounts of water are accidently in contact with the electronic circuit boards inside the stand DATA HANDLING When a report is generated save the report in a desired folder on the local computer used to visualise the software interface See also Appendix and Chapter 9 ENDEAVOUR Software for details on the data handling The report files are of XML format with the ending xml or CSV format with the ending csv can be generated anytime during the experiment and can be used for further data analysis and cu
46. make sure that all settings have been made correctly ENDEAVOUR IP Address 192 168 10 11 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Computer IP Address 192 168 10 10 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Please note that the IP address for the computer and the IP address for the ENDEAVOUR are different This is a design requirement of the IP protocol Care needs to be taken so that the 29 same address is not used in both locations as it will render the system inaccessible from the designated computer Connect the system to a network If the system is to be connected to an internal network and or the Internet please follow the steps below a Log in to the ENDEAVOUR by entering the user name user and the password bpc b In the web browser window showing the ENDEAVOUR web application click on the tab marked System c Ifusing a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP server located on the internal network to assign an IP address to the system click on the checkbox marked Obtain an IP address and DNS information automatically select Apply network settings and click Yes in the confirmation dialogue If the system is not supposed to use a DHCP server manually enter the required network information followed by selecting Apply network settings and clicking Yes in the confirmation dialogue Important Changing the network settings might make your system unreachable if you enter incorrect information Contact the IT d
47. ml bottles are used as reactors the recommended headspace in the bottles during the methane potential test analysis is approximately 300 400 ml For a high accuracy analysis the ENDEAVOUR should not be exposed to mechanical vibrations and or high frequency radio transmissions Only the parts delivered with the product can be used with the system in order to guarantee the quality and performance of the product The system contains alkaline AA batteries that need to be handled accordingly BPC reserves the right to correct any possible text and image errors as well as changes to technical data in this manual BEFORE GETTING STARTED Read this manual and additional separate manuals for the individual instruments before installing and using the equipment Keep the instruction manual for future reference and make sure it is easily available for people who regularly use the ENDEAVOUR Read the Bioreactor Agitation Systems instruction manual before using the equipment 6 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS When handling NaOH always use safety glasses a lab coat and plastic gloves Using the ENDEAVOUR and the handling of NaOH should always be done in an environment with good ventilation See the safety data sheet for your chemicals for further information See the safety data sheet for your chemicals for further information Always be cautious when handling electrical devices close to water The Agitation System contains rotating parts Make sure to tie
48. mmand prompt and pressing enter Find the section that starts with IPv4 Address Next to it a four block number should be visible similar in style to 192 168 0 1 If there are several IPv4 sections this means there is more than one network card active in the computer and care needs to be taken to choose the one representing the internal network that the computer and the ENDEAVOUR are connected to After finding the mentioned IPv4 field the subnet mask of the network needs to be determined This should be located below the IPv4 field and be similar in style to 255 255 255 0 To determine the broadcast IP of the internal network combine the IPv4 address and the subnet mask Where the subnet mask indicates 255 retain the original field in the IPv4 address and where the subnet mask indicates something else substitute that field in the IPv4 address for 255 In the previous example that gives 192 168 0 1 and 255 255 255 0 and thus the broadcast address becomes 192 168 0 255 Next in the command prompt write ping 192 168 0 255 without the quotation marks and substituting the broadcast address for the one relevant to the network calculated as described in the previous step 44 Wait for the program to run its course this should take less than a few minutes Write in the command prompt arp a without the quotation marks and check the output Try to match the ENDEAVOUR Ethernet MAC hardware address to one of the fields an
49. more than 15 years of industry leading research in the area of instrumentation control and automation of anaerobic digestion processes In 2009 BPC launched the Automatic Methane Potential Test System AMPTS a revolutionary product in the area of on site lab equipment for biomethane potential analysis Today the second generation of AMPTS is used by biogas researchers commercial operators and other industry actors in over 30 countries within the Americas EMEA Africa and Asia Pacific regions As of July 2013 the new Biogas Endeavour ENDEAVOUR has been offered to the market The new instrument ENDEAVOUR is a well engineered analytical device developed for on line measurements of ultra low biogas flows produced from the anaerobic digestion of biological degradable substrates Taking into consideration the high number of AMPTS units in use today around the world it is expected that the AMPTS and ENDEAVOUR will become the technology of choice for universities private labs and biogas operators interested in efficiently determining the true biomethane or biogas potential of different substrates 2 GENERAL INFORMATION The design and construction of full scale anaerobic digesters based on substrates from single or multiple sources requires a good understanding of the physical and biochemical characteristics of each individual substrate Biological or biochemical methane potential BMP tests i e anaerobic biodegradability assays are used to
50. n get IP settings atsagned atomatically d your network supports is capab ty Othenwee you reed to atk your network adminstrator fice the appropriate IP settings Obtan an IP address automaticaly Use the tolowra IP adress IP address Y Y Intemet Protocol TOPAP Subret mack Delad gateway instal C urina 7 Properties Detcrpton Alot yout computer lo access resources on a Micsosoll reetveci Use the following DNS server addresses Preferred ONS server 208 Aloma DNS server 208 C Show icon in notification area when connected 2 Notily me when this connection has limited or no conmectiviy In the Windows Start Menu select Control Panel Select Network Connections Right click on the appropriate network adapter and select Properties Usually this is named Local Area Connection possibly followed by a number It is important that the adapter corresponding to the connected Ethernet cable is selected Select Internet Protocol and click on the button marked Properties Write down the initial settings e g IP address subnet mask Select Use the following IP address and enter the following values in the fields 1 IP address 192 168 10 10 2 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Select OK Select OK in the remaining window 28 MacOSX About This Mac peun y PHa Software Update E E A B e o a App Store Appearance Desktop amp Dock Export amp Language
51. nditions i Empty each flow cell j Start the data logging program see instructions in the ENDEAVOUR Software Chapter During the Experiment a Check the water level in the thermostatic water bath and the water bath periodically and fill up with distilled water when necessary b Ifthe system has been equipped with the extra gas sampling valves can be ordered at BPC GC analysis can be performed to measure the gas composition any time during the experiment End of Experiment The test period often spans between 30 60 days End the test when the daily biogas production is equivalent to only 1 of the total volume of gas produced up to that time VDI 4630 a Turn off the thermostatic water bath and disconnect the contacts for the stirring b Disconnect the reactors one by one from the CO gt fixing bottles and measure the pH in each reactor c Measure TS and VS in each reactor in order to check for VS reduction if necessary d Disconnect the CO gt fixing bottles e Wash reactors and other equipment f Empty the thermostatic water bath after it has cooled down to ambient temperature g Process the data 53 Data Processing a If the biochemical methane potential BMP of a substrate is evaluated the most interesting parameter to evaluate is the amount of gas produced per gram of VS added Use a mean value of the two blanks when withdrawing the gas production from the inoculum Vs Vp y E BMP
52. nt of biogas that is produced by the inoculum itself pre incubate the inoculum in anaerobic conditions apply e g N2 in order to deplete the residual biodegradable organic material present This is typically carried out by storing the sludge for 2 to 5 days at a temperature corresponding to the process temperature from where the sludge was taken from and releasing the gas that is produced When no significant gas production is 49 observed the sludge is ready to be used After the pre incubation step check the pH and measure the TS and VS of the inoculum If this step is not performed subtracting the amount of biogas produced by the inoculum itself from the one produced by the mixture between inoculum and substrate is necessary for calculating the methane potential of that certain substrate PREPARATION OF THE SUBSTRATE Check the pH of the substrate to make sure that it is not acid which may cause an inhibition of the biodegradation process Measure TS and VS Keep the substrate refrigerated or frozen until the experiment starts It is recommended to have as short time as possible between sampling of the substrate and start of the experiment PREPARATION OF NAOH BOTTLES FOR CO FIXATION IF NECESSARY a Prepare a 3 M NaOH solution by mixing 360 g pure NaOH with distilled water up to 3 L b Prepare a 0 4 Thymolphthalein pH indicator solution 80 mg in 18 ml ethanol 99 5 and 2 ml water c Add 15 ml pH indicator solution to the p
53. of the motor cables When the system has been turned off and then switched back on it can take up to 8 seconds for it to start up again DIRECTION SWITCH The DIRECTION switch is located on the side of the motor and marked on the very top of the motor unit just above where the actual switch is located It is used to set the motor to rotate in a CW or a CCW direction Setting the switch to AUTO gives the Motor Controller automatic control over the reversal of the direction Below is a table that will show the output of the different combinations of switch settings on the Motor Controller and the motor unit Settings Mixer output Motor Controller Motor unit switch Intervals Rotation AUTO switch ON CW Starting and Constantly CW stopping according to Motor Controller intervals ON AUTO Starting and Reversing directions stopping according to Motor Controller intervals ON CCW Starting and Constantly CCW stopping according to Motor Controller intervals OFF CW N A Constantly CW OFF AUTO N A The latest direction used before the Motor Controller AUTO switch was set to off OFF CCW N A Constantly CCW RESET BUTTON If an error is encountered somewhere on the driver board in the motor unit a red LED will light up on the side of the motor unit opposite to where the switches are located A marking on the top of the motor unit shows where to find it see picture below The problem
54. ors with a gearbox and ii a multifunction version in right picture based on a unique design of brushless DC stepper motors For a full description of each system please refer to the Bioreactor Agitation Systems manual The reasons for introducing a new agitation system are To increase the life span of the system by changing to a brushless stepper DC motor based system for direct drive e To offer improved and more flexible mixing properties by adding new features o Reversal of motor direction clockwise CW counter clockwise CCW o Timer function to set time periods for the motor reversal o Remote speed control on a broad range i e 5 100 A photo of the multifunction configuration of the motor the brushless DC stepper motor is presented below The complete agitation system consists of the following components Motor Controller 24 V power adapter for the Motor Controller brushless steppers DC motor units with plastic caps helical couplings short motor cables 0 2 m long motor cable 1 5 m signal cable and a hex tool DIORFE SEAT os QO MOTOR CONTROLLER The Motor Controller provides power to the motors via the motor cables and it is very important that the Motor Controller always is turned off and is unplugged from the power source when any cables are connected or disconnected from the motors Turning the switch off is not enough The Motor Controller is the hub of the agitation system It interpr
55. ouplings that connect the bent stir rod to the motor are well connected and the mixing works properly THERMOSTATIC WATER BATH a Periodically check the water level in the thermostatic water bath b Fill up with additional deionised or distilled water when necessary GAS VOLUME MEASURING DEVICE a Check that the water level in the water bath for the gas flow and volume measuring device is within the recommended range b Fill up with additional deionised or distilled water to the recommended water level when necessary REMOVING CO IF NECESSARY a The pH indicator Thymolphthalein will turn from blue to colourless when the CO binding capacity of the NaOH solution decreases below optimal At this point replacement of the bottle with NaOH solution is recommended for avoiding the CO gas to pass to the detection unit At 22 C up to 25 1 CO can theoretically be captured in each bottle with 400 ml solution before it needs to be changed b To change a NaOH solution bottle place the tubing clamps on the tubing on each side of the bottle and then disconnect the bottle by gently pulling the Tygon tubings Replace the old NaOH solution with a fresh one and open take off the clamps SOFTWARE See the Chapter 9 ENDEAVOUR Software for information regarding software function and operation 24 8 4 End of Operation a Note the total running time if this is of interest In the saved data files the last data collected will be fro
56. pment Of course this requires that the user has entered the correct values for total sample amounts and concentrations of substrate and inoculum in the Experiment window and also added the amounts of substrate and inoculum calculated by the software in the experimental bottles In order to determine the true ultimate BMP or biogas yield of an organic material it is important to continuously monitor the gas either biomethane or biogas production through 55 the anaerobic degradation of substrate until the gas production is nearly ceased Preferably this is confirmed by generating a report and controlling the two flow rates Formula for calculation of BMP BMP is defined as the volume of methane produced per amount of organic substrate material added to the reactor Consequently the accumulated volume from an experiment has to be divided by the amount of organic substrate material added into the reactor However in the experimental sample bottle there will also be organic residues present in the added inoculum which will produce certain an amount of biogas in the anaerobic process and its volume fraction of biomethane has to be subtracted from the total accumulated biomethane volume in order to get the true production from the substrate Thus BMP can be expressed according to equation 1 V V BMP 1 Mys ss In equation 1 Vs is the accumulated volume of biomethane from the reactor containing the sample i e substr
57. potential test that allows for the collection of high quality data that is less labor intensive The ENDEAVOUR has been developed by BPC for on line measurements of ultra low biogas or bio methane flows produced from the anaerobic digestion of any biological degradable substrate both solid and liquid form at laboratory scale From the biogas producers point of view understanding the potential of a substrate to produce methane and its dynamic degradation profile has a significant impact on the choice of organic waste material to digest when producing biogas as well as provides a better understanding of the quality of the raw gas produced from a biogas production facility The latter has in turn an impact on the total volume of upgraded bio methane that can be produced from a commercial biogas site Thus understanding the methane potential of a substrate can have a direct bearing on the profitability of a commercial biogas producer as well as the volume of bio methane produced 2 2 Advantages of ENDEAVOUR over Conventional BMP Test The ENDEAVOUR provides the following advantages Automated analytical procedure reducing work load User friendly interface for experiment setup real time data display and analysis overview Real time data logging of accumulated biogas volume and flow rate Real time pressure and temperature compensation for gas volume and flow measurements Real time gas flow and volume normalisation Algorithm to avoid an
58. r is used calcareous deposits may appear on the reactors in the water bath and on the heating element Periodical cleaning of the inside of the tank and the heating element with a solution of 10 to 20 hydrochloric acid or a solution of water and vinegar acetic acid is advised Rinse with clean water afterwards For cleaning of the different parts use the following products i alcohol for cleaning of stainless steel or alcohol with cotton duster for cleaning of plastic GAS VOLUME MEASURING DEVICE Rinse with water after use A soft brush can be used very gently if needed Make sure that all the flow cells are in the correct position The position can be checked by lifting the flow cell and making sure that the software registers the opening of the flow cell Distilled water is recommended to be used for system operation If NaOH solution is used for removing the CO the waste must NOT be poured into the sink It should be saved in dedicated vessels and disposed of as hazardous waste See the safety data sheet for the chemicals for further information 47 APPENDIX A BMP TEST USING ENDEAVOUR METHOD DESCRIPTION This method description is based on the method used in the BPC laboratory It can be used as it is used as base for developing a new method or it can be replaced entirely by a customer s own method Determination of Total TS and Volatile Solids VS Before starting any BMP test the biomass should be characte
59. r solid substrates START UP ALTERNATIVE 2 Mix the inoculum and substrate for the two reactors with the same substrate cellulose in one batch and then distribute 2000 g of this mix into each bottle GENERAL START UP PROCEDURE a Mark all reactors and their lids b Fill up the reactors with inoculum and substrate c If needed lubricate rubber stoppers on the side that is in contact with the glass bottle when in operation preferably with silicone spray or silicone stick and tighten the plastic screw cap carefully d Fasten the stirring stick to the motor e If not already done mount a short piece of Tygon tubing on one of the metal tubes of the lid and place a tube stopper on it 32 f Place all reactors in the water bath optionally measure pH and connect to the CO2 fixing bottles if the accumulated volume of methane has to be measured instead of biogas and to the flow cells Fill up with more water if necessary g Connect the contacts for the stirring to the individual motors and lastly to the gas volume measuring device Connect the Ethernet cable to the internal network or computer if the system is not used within a network and to the gas volume measuring device Lastly connect the power supply input 100 240 V 50 60 Hz output 12 V DC 3 A to the wall outlet and to the gas volume measuring device h Flush all reactors with N for approximately 1 minute using the extra inlet in the lid to achieve anaerobic co
60. repared 3 1 NaOH solution d Prepare bottles 500 ml containing about 400 ml NaOH solution 3M and Thymolphthalein pH indicator e Place the rubber lid with two metal tubes into the bottle and screw the cap If needed lubricate rubber stoppers on the side that is in contact with the glass bottle when in operation preferably with silicone spray or silicone stick PREPARATION OF THE THERMOSTATIC WATER BATH a Fill up the thermostatic water bath with enough water to cover the reactors ca 8 1 It is recommended to use distilled water b Make sure that the correct temperature is set PREPARATION OF THE GAS VOLUME MEASURING DEVICE a Fill up the water bath with enough distilled water to cover the cells in open position The water level should be according to the water level marking on the water bath b To avoid trouble when starting the experiment it is recommended to start the program and try to open each cell several times to make sure that the detection step is functioning properly PREPARATION OF REACTORS a It is recommended to use duplicates or triplicates if possible of each combination inoculum substrate For one sample use o 2 reactors as blanks containing only inoculum and optional water for having the same total volume in all reactors used to compensate for the amount of biogas produced by the inoculum itself o 2reactors with inoculum substrate samples 50 o 2 reactors as positive controls contain
61. rized with regards to total TS and volatiles solids VS The dry matter i e all inorganic and organic compounds is often expressed as TS and can be measured according to a standard protocol For a given biomass sample it is necessary to heat the sample up to 105 C in order to remove all water content VS is represented by the organic compounds in the sample After finishing the TS measurement heating the sample up to 550 C for 2 hours should be continued for burning up the organic matter The weight difference between the sample after heating at 105 C and 550 C reflects the VS content of the biomass The next three steps are usually followed to determine the TS and VS in a target sample 1 Preparation a Heat a dish to 550 C for 1 h b Place the dish in a desiccator for cooling 2 TS determination a Weigh the dish and record this value b Add 2 3 ml of a representative sample into the dish c Place the dish with the sample in an oven preheated to 105 C and allow the volatiles to evaporate for 20 h x a 20h SAMPLE Myer 3 VS determination a Take the dish out of the oven and allow it to cool to RT in a desiccator b Weigh the dish and record this value c Transfer this dish into a furnace pre heated to 550 C ignition d After 2 h take the dish out of the furnace and cool it to RT in a desiccator e Weigh the dish and record this value Ignition 550 C gt y gt A 2h gt e A S
62. rve plotting in Microsoft Excel or other software capable of reading the file formats The name of the data file is automatically generated consisting of the actual date and time For example a file saved on the 16 of July 2013 at 12 30 will get the name report_2013 07 16_1230 xml or report 2013 07 16 1230 csv The user will have the possibility to generate a report with or without compensating the effect of the headspace volume and gas solubility on the accumulated volume of gas The following data are stored in the files a Time hours days since the start of the experiment b The total gas volume in normalised milliliter Nml total accumulated gas volume during the experiment c Average gas flow Nml h or Nml day d Experimental parameters such as N2 CO2 and CH concentration of flush gas process temperature C mixer on off times s mixer speed adjustment e Amount of substrate and inoculum VS g volume of the head space ml 25 The generated file contains the volume of gas already normalised 1 0 standard atmospheric pressure 0 C and zero moisture content The calculations are carried out to compensate for pressure temperature and saturated moisture content at the above given conditions based on the values of pressure and temperature registered by the sensors from Unit B 26 9 ENDEAVOUR SOFTWARE 9 1 First Time Connecting and Setting up the Network Important Make sure the computer i
63. s could be e g high temperature a disconnected motor cable or power loss If this happens the mixer can be reset with a quick press on the RESET button The RESET button is marked on the very top of the motor unit just above the actual button It can be reached by using a pen or other pointy object If the mixer was reset successfully the red LED will turn off POWER The Motor Controller is powered by a 24 V DC 2 71 A power supply adapter The power supply is then distributed serially from the Motor Controller through the 8 pin signal cables to each motor unit WARNING The power supply always has to be disconnected from the Motor Controller before removing or connecting any of the cables from the motors 7 4 Technical Characteristics GENERAL Usage indoors in an environment free of corrosive agents and with normal humidity levels Power supply 100 or 240 V 50 60 Hz thermostatic water bath and power adapter Tubing material Tygon ID 3 2 mm OD 4 8 mm Weight approx 25 kg SAMPLE INCUBATION UNIT Maximum number of reactors per system 6 Reactor material glass Standard reactor volume 2000 ml Power consumption 1300 W maximum Dimension 53x33x24 cm Temperature control up to 95 C precision 0 2 C Mixing in the reactor mechanical adjustable interval and speed maximum speed 140 rpm GAS VOLUME MEASURING DEVICE Working principle liquid displacement amp buoyancy Up to 6 cells running in parallel
64. s not connected to a wireless network If possible temporarily completely disable the wireless capability a Connect the shielded Ethernet cable to the gas volume measuring device Unit B b Connect the shielded Ethernet cable to a computer Important Make sure that the network cable is connected prior to connecting the power c Connect the power supply 12 V DC first to the motor module and then to a standard 100 240 V 50 60 Hz power socket Important Make sure that the motor module s DC plug that supports the Unit B with power is already connected before connecting the power adapter WINDOWS 7 a In the Windows Start Menu select Control Panel b In the Control Panel select Network and Internet c Select Network and Sharing Center Y Local Ares Connection Properbes Internet Protocel Verson 4 TEPANA Properties y tia Neteotang Shamo Connect using Gores You Lan get IP settings assigned automatically f your network supports A Rostek ATLE1620 8111D Famly PCHE Gosbe Bthemet thes capability Otherwee you need to ask your network administrator for te arora IP setings certoee Quan an P adess automaticaly Ths connection uses the folowing tems Ure the folowing P address Y WE Geert tor Momsoh Networks oS Pocket Schecter Y File and Porter Sharing for Micros Networks Shnet mack 25S 255 255 0 M 4 btemet Protocol Version TCP APYE vu verses 8 1 4 0 a Default gateway
65. te VS and Mss Mis Meot PREPARATION OF THE REACTORS EXAMPLE If a ratio of 2 1 and a total amount of 2000 g are chosen misXxVS MssX VS Mass Mis 2000 The amount of inoculum needed can be calculated according to the following equation mssXVSs EN Miot mis XxVS VS VS 51 Miot XVS 4000 VS a ac ee ve VS VS XISR VS 2 VS The amount of substrate will then be Mss Mtot Ms 2000 Mys If another substrate will be used with the same inoculum the amount of new substrate is calculated according to the equation below Mss TSRXVS 2 VS Important All calculations to determine the necessary amounts of substrate and inoculum for a certain VS ratio are automatically carried out by the ENDEAVOUR Software see Section Experiment in the Chapter 9 Start Up Procedure Two different methods may be applied depending on the presentation of the substrate START UP ALTERNATIVE 1 All bottles are filled with the same amount of inoculum prepare one extra mix of each sample for measuring pH TS and VS Leave 2 bottles as blanks add water up to 2000 g if desired For each substrate add the calculated amount depending on the inoculum to substrate ratio desired to each one of the two replicate reactors If only one substrate is going to be analysed add cellulose as a control to two of the reactors fill up to 2000 g with water if desired This method is especially suitable fo
66. ted Biochemical Methane Potential BMP BMP test is a simple batch assay developed to determine the methane or gas production of a given organic substrate during its anaerobic decomposition The conventional assay involves incubating a substrate inoculated with anaerobic bacteria for a period of 30 to 60 days commonly at 37 C and monitoring the production of biogas together with its composition throughout the test The presented gas volume or gas flow rate should be normalised based on dry gas water content is removed at 1 atm and 0 C The experiment is normally carried out with tests in duplicates for statistical significance 2 reactors as blanks reactors containing only inoculum 2 reactors as reference control e g cellulose and the rest of reactors contain sample s 1 e inoculum and substrate Information necessary for the BMP determination To be able to determine the BMP the following information is necessary Parameter Unit Symbol Accumulated gas volume from sample bottle s Nml Vs Accumulated gas volume from blank bottle s Nml VpB VS amount of substrate in sample bottle s g Mys ss VS amount of inoculum in sample bottle s g My sis VS amount of inoculum in blank bottle s g Mys IB For wastewater samples COD chemical oxygen demand is often used instead of VS where VS stands for the volatile solids All this information is available in the report generated by the ENDEAVOUR equi
67. ubes connected in the opening of each bottle seal by placing the plastic lid on the top and screw until the thread on the bottle is no longer visible and the lid is properly sealed REACTORS a b c d e g h Perform a simple leakage test for each reactor by creating some overpressure by blocking one of the metal tubing ports and injecting air from the remaining metal tubing port and then immerse the reactor in water to check if there is any air bubble escaping from the reactor Make sure that all tubing is properly connected and there is no potential leakage anywhere Add the sample e g 2000 g of substrate and inoculum mixture the blank e g 2000 g inoculum and the positive control e g 2000 g of cellulose and inoculum mixture into the reactors Use at least duplicates for statistical significance see Appendix A for more details Lubricate rubber stoppers A2 on the side that is in contact with the glass bottle preferably with silicone spray or silicone stick Put the rubber stopper A2 with two metal tubes and the bent stir rod A7 connected in the opening of each bottle A3 and press the rubber part in order to close the bottle Avoid pressing the metallic rod as this will lead to a disconnection of the white plastic cap from the bottom of the stir rod and result in gas and liquid leakage from the reactor Pull out the metallic rod from the bent stirrer into the shaft coupling A8 and attach it
68. underestimation of gas volume and flow which may be induced by the solubility of gases in water Algorithm to avoid an overestimation of gas volume and flow which may be induced by the flush gas such as nitrogen gas during experiment setup Possibility of multiplexing allowing for simultaneous batch analysis at different startup times High quality data for extracting process kinetic information Standalone instrument with embedded data acquisition and web server for remote access Low and easy maintenance One of the most cost competitive solutions on the market today 3 DELIVERY CHECKS At delivery unpack and check that the contents match with what is listed below in the Section Box Content If the packaging or the equipment is broken at delivery please a Document and take photos of the parts and packaging b Inform the transport company at the time of delivery c Make sure that the transport company documents the incident d Inform BPC of the incident BOX CONTENT See also Chapter 7 Equipment Description Design Function for pictures of the included parts UNITA 6 glass bottles 2000 ml as reactors 6 plastic caps with agitators motors including 5 short motor cables 1 long motor cable from Motor Controller to first motor unit 1 signal cable from Unit B to Motor Controller 6 rubber stoppers with 2 metal tubing plastic tubing and rotating shaft for mixing 1 thermostatic water bath the models can differ t

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