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1. 1 0E 06 1 0E 04 1 0E 02 sdd eyes asind cuLuoNj 1 0E 00 1 0E 04 1 0E 05 1 0E 06 1 0E 07 1 0E 03 1 0E 01 1 0E 00 Neutron flux nv Fig 2 Pulse output signal vs neutron flux characteristics ACoutput signal vs neutron flux K2 6 32E 05 UA nv AFLUX0 1 00E 03 1 0E 01 1 0E 00 AC current uA 1 0E 01 1 0E 02 AFLUX0 1 0E 03 1 0E 09 1 0E 10 1 0E 11 1 0E 00 1 0E 01 1 0E 02 1 0E 03 1 0E 04 1 0E 05 1 0E 06 1 0E 07 1 0E 08 Neutron flux nv Fig 3 AC output signal vs neutron flux characteristics DC output signal vs neutron flux K3 2 00E 07 uA nv 1 0E 04 DFLUX1 1 0E 03 1 0E 02 1 0E 01 1 0E 00 DC current uA 1 0E 01 1 0E 02 DFLUXO 1 0E 03 1 0E 04 1 0 00 1 0 01 1 0 02 1 0E 03 1 0E 04 1 0E 05 1 0E 06 1 0E 07 1 0E 08 1 0E 09 1 0E 10 1 0E 11 Neutron flux nv Fig 4 DC output signal vs neutron flux characteristics Neutron flux nv2. 111 SSS SSS 2 B9 CONST SWEPT _ Bs INCREASING DECRERSNG CONT STEP Ee AC NOISE BO YES PULSE NOISE A B15 B31 bites are reserves Default values 0 I I Imjrrimir oxgo o o 3 6 2 Value representation Floating point numbers are represented in IEEE 754 single precision 32 bit format This format allows the floating point routines to take advantage of the processor architecture and reduce the amount of overhead required in the calculations The representation is shown below Format Exponent Mantissa 0 Mantissa 1 Mantissa 2 IEEE 754 SXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX where 5 is the sign bit y is the Isb of the exponent x placeholder for the mantissa and exponent bits It needs to be mentioned that both numbers are organised in big endian order Therefore the representation shows from the left hand side to the right the starting with the highest value and the lowest byte takes place on the right wring The following calculator hyperlink helps converting decimal number to IEEE 754 single precision 32 bit format http babbage cs qc edu IEEE 754 Decimal html An example is to be found in Appendix 1 It can be read that the 6 32E 05 decimal number is equivalent to 38848A3E hex in 32 bits IEEE 754 format 3 6 3 Com
3. 1525 Budapest 49 Hungary Phone 36 1 392 2286 Fax 36 1 392 2641 E mail regtron ns kfkipark hu Instrumentation amp Measuring Co Ltd Web www regtron kfkipark hu Fission Chamber Simulator NFA 09 07 10M 10k 6 01G Jes O VOLTAGE CONTROL 21 CJ 0 40 V CJ RES TANCE CONROE FISSION CHAMBER SIMULATOR NFA 09 07 2 yt POWER SUPPLY DET SIM DETECTOR SIGNAL OUT REGTRON Ltd NFL 01 09 NFL 09 20 NFL 04 07 HUNGARY Supplier KFKI RegTron Instrumentation amp Measuring Co Ltd H 1121 Budapest Konkoly Thege str 29 33 Contents 1 Introduction 4 2 Principle of Simulation 4 3 Operation 6 3 1 Microcontroller Firmware 6 3 2 PULSE output 7 3 3 AC output 7 3 4 DC output 7 3 5 Control terminal 7 3 6 PC interfacing 8 3 6 1 Parameter table 8 3 6 2 Value representation 9 3 6 3 Commands Issued by the PC and Simulators Reaction to them 10 3 6 4 Programming with the Single Character Commands 10 4 Instructions for use 12 5 User manual for the front panel control and display facilities 13 6 Maintenance of the instrument 17 7 TECHNICAL DATA 18 7 1 Neutron Flux Simulation 18 7 2 Pulse Output 19 7 3 DC Output 19 7 4 AC Output 20 Table of figures tritt e iei nae ute letture easet ict saus su a os 11 Fig 1 Simulator characteristics sis 21 Fig 2 Pulse output signal vs neutron flux characteristics 2 22 Fig
4. 4 VOLTAGE OUT CKSW T Z T m PROGR FREQ EOS PROGR FREQ ER NOISE amp pou R ET AC_OUT DIVIDER 3 DIVIDER 4 GEN i DAC 2 AC OUT e gt xu De fms Pu p MPX AGND gt S DAC 3 ICS1 gt 4 DC OUT USART PH OUTPUT of VOLTAGE IN i AGND REGISTER z 1 EET rol x gt Le g DM lt C 3 E 5 PIC T 11 4 Instructions for use The operation of the simulator has the following steps 1 In order to select the suitable parameters the characteristics of the simulated nuclear reactor detector and signal processor needs to be collected What needs to be specified are as follows a K4 ny the relationship between neutron flux measured on the position of detector and the nuclear power supplier performance b From the simulated detector s catalogue data originated parameters which can be seen in the table below Measurement Parameter mode Name Marking Setting range Unit of measure Impulse Sensitivity K1 pps nv 1 0E 01 to 1 0E 01 The upper corner point of PFLUX1 nv 1 0E 03 1 0E 07 linear range Signal amplitude PULSE AMPL mV 20 200 Signal width PULSE WIDTH us 0 1 1 5 AC Sensitivity K2 uA Nnv 1 0E 06 1 0E 03 The lower corner point of AFLUXO nv 1 0E 02 1 0E 05 linear range DC Sensitivity LA nv 1 0E 11 1 0E 05 The lower corner point of DFLUXO nv 1 0E
5. K 4 X X X E X X X n v K1 The detectors sensitivity in pulse work of Parameters that operation needs to be set K2 The detectors sensitivity in AC work of operation Parameters that needs to be set K3 The detectors sensitivity in DC work of operation Parameters that needs to be set K4 Power factor Parameters that needs to be set 5 page Unclassified parameters Display A F R E Q U X X X E X X X 2 R i n t D C X X X E X X X Q Rex t A 2 0 0 k F L U X A M P L c o n s t ACFREQU The AC outputs signal nominal frequency Parameters that needs to be set Rint DC Resistance connected to the DC output Displayed parameter internal Rext AC Resistance connected to the AC output Parameters that external needs to be set FLUX AMPL Setting of the neutron flux timing Parameters that parameters needs to be set e A FLUX AMPL parameters that can be set CONST START after on the neutron flux FLUXO remains the same e NCR START after the neutron flux is increasing from the previous cycles level exponentially until the STOP command but the maximum is the FLUX1 level e DECR START after the neutron flux is decreasing from the previous cycles level exponentially until the STOP command but the maximum is the FLUXOevel 6 page The PULSE and the AC output signal parameters Display P UL SE A M P L X X X m V P UL S E W D T H X u os P U L S E N O I S E y e s A C N O l S E y e s PULSE AMPL The
6. 02 1 0E 11 linear range The upper corner point of DFLUX1 nv 1 0E 02 1 0E 11 linear range x The value of K2 scaling factor can be calculated from the following formula K2 S B Where K2 Scaling factor of AC signal uA Vnv S Neutron sensitivity of detector in fluctuating mode Hz nv B Bandwidth of processing part Hz c Bandwidth of the band pass filters B Hz using in the AC Campbell channel This parameter is needed to calculate K2 parameter The device can be switched on with the POWER ON switch from the front end Connecting the resistance probes to the PULSE and the AC connectors As a start e Tothe PULSE connector a 20 probe e AC connector a 200 probe needs to be connected Inserting the parameters acquainted above in the point number 1 can be execute in two ways e Through the device front end control and display facilities e Through a RS 232 serial port Inserting the parameters that needs to simulate the nuclear reactor listed on the display p 1 6 Setting the AC signals nominal frequency ACFREQU Most of the time it needs to be set as 50kHz 7 The PULSE and the AC output s noise property settings PULSE NOISE The PULSE output signal frequency Noisy Y Constant N AC NOISE The AC output signal amplitude Noisy Y Constant N The DC DESISTANCE CONTROL switch needs to be set to AUT The simulation can be start with pressing the START bu
7. 3 AC output signal vs neutron flux characteristics 23 Fig 4 DC output signal vs neutron flux characteristics 24 Fig 5 Power level vs neutron flux characteistics 4 25 Fig 6 Neutron flux characteristics een 26 Fig 7 Front panel VIBW RS SPAS Ses RR SE Peng 27 1 Introduction The NFA 09 07 Programmable Generator FCS is very useful at the calibration of nuclear channels FCS outputs signals are similar to the nuclear detectors and it is equipped with programs making possible to generate different signals necessary for testing troubleshooting individual elements of the neutron level measurement chain of nuclear instruments By the aid of this instrument the neutron flux interacted fission chamber put can be simulated very easily It means that after the reactor and detector parameters are set accurately the signals appear at the pulse ac and dc outputs follow very well the signals of a real detector To accomplish this aim FCS produces adjustable test signal levels in the 1 00E 00 to 1 00E 11 nv range on its three outputs PULSE AC DC according to the diagrams attached to this description Fig 1 to Fig 4 It also calculates the nominal power in Fig 5 The neutron flux time behaviour is either constant or changing exponentially It means that except of stable state can evoke increase or decrease between two pre selected le
8. Neutronflux vs PN K4 1 00E 08 PN nv 1 0E 11 1 0E 10 1 0E 09 1 0E 08 1 0E 07 1 0E 06 1 0E 05 1 0E 04 1 0E 03 1 0E 02 1 0E 01 1 0E 00 1 0E 08 1 0E 07 1 0E 06 1 0E 05 1 0E 04 Fig 5 Power level vs neutron flux characteistics 1 0E 03 1 0E 02 Pow er PN 1 0E 01 1 0E 00 1 0E 01 1 0E 02 1 0E 03 Netron flux nv Neutron flux simulation FLUX0 1 00E 03 FLUX1 1 11E 04 T PER 1 00E 01 AUTO STOP DECR START Time s Fig 6 Neutron flux characteristics AUTO STOP PO RESISTANCE CONTROE FISSION CHAMBER SIMULATOR 19 4 016 09 07 10k e e s MAN AUT 10G VOLTAGE CONTROL 0 10 V POWER ON POWER SUPPLY DET SIM DETECTOR SIGNAL OUT KFKI REGTRON Ltd NFL 01 09 NFL 09 20 NFL 04 07 HUNGARY Fig 7 Front panel view
9. PULSE output signal amplitude Parameters that 20 mV 200mV needs to be set PULSE The PULSE output signal width Parameters that WIDTH 100 ns 2 us needs to be set PULSE NOISE The PULSE signal output frequency Parameters that Noisy Y Constant N needs to be set AC NOISE The AC output signal amplitude Parameters that Noisy Y Constant N needs to be set 6 Maintenance of the instrument Inside the device heat removal has to be provided hence the heat sinks of the modules the ferrite elements and their surroundings have to be cleaned annually in a dusty environment more often if necessary While cleaning check visually the modules and the connecting cables Clean the display and the device controls with a wet cloth rubbing carefully The instrument does not require other maintenance The free distance for the instrument top and bottom is minimum 1U 1 75 inch Only a qualified person can do these works The modules can be removed from the device only one minute after switch off from front side If necessary but at least annually the main parameters of the instrument should be checked as it is described in attached testing reports In case of malfunction is expected first contact Regtron Ltd describing the phenomenon Our experts take advices the way of repair In worst case after removing of module s customer have to send it back to Regtron site to repair it The life protection earth has to be checked in prescribed periods but at least
10. annually The same applies to the instrument and the whole of the measuring assembly 7 TECHNICAL DATA Signals Generated Different outputs operate simultaneously Output levels are set always by the preset nv values 7 1 Neutron Flux Simulation Neutron flux range Time function Exponential signal parameters Starting level FLUXO Stopping level FLUX1 Time constant T PER Neutron flux to power conversion Scaling factor PW K4 1 00E 00 to 1 00E 11 nv Constant or exponential 1 00E 00 to FLUX1 nv FLUXO to 1 00E 11 nv 1 00E 01 to 1 00 02 s 1 00E 09 to 1 00E 07 settable settable settable settable Time constant for AC output always twice as much as for Pulse and DC one The OPERATING MODES and other programmable parameters e g output pulse amplitude pulse frequency can be selected by program The following table shows in summarized form all the possible operating modes connected with the necessary parameter settings Operation PULSE OUT AC OUT DC OUT mode 0 Fixed frequency Fixed frequency Adjustable DC value Fixed amplitude Adjustable amplitude 1 Fixed average frequency Fixed average frequency Adjustable DC value Fixed amplitude Adjustable amplitude 2 Exponentially swept Exponentially swept Exponentially swept DC frequency frequency value Fixed amplitude Amplitude follows the root square rule 3 Exponentially swept Exponentially swept Exponentially sw
11. contains the output functions Signal traffic between these parts is affected via optocoupler 3 1 Microcontroller Firmware Functional block labelled as dsPIC Microcontroller refers to a RISC architecture microcontroller type which owns all the features needed to implement the technical specification It has a high operating speed hardware implemented multiplier divider 16 bit timers asynchronous UART versatile interrupt mechanism and individually oriental I O pin drivers All of the functions of the digital parts are controlled by a microcontroller dsPIC Among them the Digital Clock Generator DCG and the binary Pseudo Noise Generator PNG driven by DCG have leading roles DCG produces programmable frequency clock signals for PNG in the 1 Hz to 2 MHz range with 0 1 Hz resolution PNG produces two signal series at its outputs which have a time spectrum very similar to the real nuclear detector signals One of them results the control of the PULSE signals and the other of the AC signals The most important part of the firmware is the method to produce the exponentially increasing or decreasing output levels in time The firmware issues a new set of operating parameters at constant time increments e g in every 100 ms which approaches a best fit to the exponential output constant time increment method The firmware s backbone is a command interpreter which acts as a mechanism to interpret the set up parameters entered by the operator e
12. linearity lt 0 1 of Full Scale Stability 8 hours 0 25 96 amplitude Connector type BNC The value of K2 scaling factor can be calculated from the following formula K2 S B Where K2 Scaling factor of AC signal uA Vnv S Neutron sensitivity of detector in fluctuating mode Hz nv B Bandwidth of processing part Hz In the following table K2 is calculated as examples for three different detectors and with tree different bandwidths Detector type Neutron sensitivity Bandwidth Hz Hz nv 5 00E 04 1 00E 05 2 00E 05 K2 uA nv CFUG 08 1 60E 25 8 94E 05 1 26E 04 1 79E 04 CFUL 08 4 00E 26 4 47E 05 6 32E 05 8 94E 05 CFUM 18 4 00E 27 1 41E 05 2 00E 05 2 83E 05 20 Simulator output signal vs neutron flux K1 1 0 pps nv K2 6 32E 05 UA nv K3 2 00E 07 uA nv 1 0E 06 PFLUX1 1 0E 04 1 0E 02 Pulse rate pps 1 0E 00 AFLUXO 1 0E 02 DFLUXO 1 0E 04 1 0 00 1 0 01 1 0 02 1 0E 03 1 0E 04 1 0E 05 1 0E 06 1 0E 07 Neutron flux nv Fig 1 Simulator characteristics 1 0E 08 1 0E 09 DFLUX1 1 0E 10 1 00E 04 1 00E 03 1 00E 02 1 00E 01 1 00E 00 1 00E 01 1 00E 02 1 00E 03 1 00E 04 1 0E 11 AC current uA DC current uA J Pulse output signal vs neutron flux 1 00E 06 nv PFLUX1 PLS K1 1 0 pps nv 1 0E 02
13. an be set automatically and manually The required control mode can be set by an 8 positions switch to be found on the front panel of NFL 04 07 e f the RESISTANCE CONTROL switch is in Aut position both the resistance and voltage setting is going on automatically In this regime the voltage of DAC 3 is lead to the input of 7 tag resistance network Also automatically is choice the optimal resistance value e If the RESISTANCE CONTROL switch is in any of the 10 KO 100 1 10 MO 100 MO 1 GO 10 GQ positions the labelled resistance connects to the DC output In this regime the voltage of VOLTAGE IN input is lead to the input of 7 tag resistance network The voltage setting is going on manually In most cases the VOLTAGE OUT is connected to VOLTAGE IN connector A font panel potentiometer controls the voltage level in the range of 0 to 10 V 3 5 Control terminal The control terminal serves for 1 Setting the simulator parameters 2 Displaying the current value of computed parameters 3 Choosing the required page 4 Start stop functions There are 21 knobs 2 LED s a VF display with 4x20 characters to ensure the man machine interfacing The control panel has its own microcontroller in order to sove the tasks mentioned above The microcontroller has a serial I O stage to ensure data flow between dsPIC and the panel 3 6 PC interfacing Communication between the Simulator and its control PC is based on a full duplex 57 6
14. dom binary noise it has an optimal crest factor Psuedo Randam Binary Sequence n a E T s0 Sample The lower corner point of current neutron flux characteristics AFLUXO in Fig 3 represents the summarized non neutron generated noise originating in electronic and detector It means that depending of the non predicted noise signal the output current saturates and not able to decrease its amplitude any more 3 In dc regime the amplitude of simulated current signal depends on the currently neutron flux according to the following Ipc where Ipc nominal current of dc output uA K3 dc current sensitivity of simulated detector uA nv simulated neutron flux nv N m x s The lower corner point of current neutron flux characteristics DFLUXO in Fig 4 represents the summarized non neutron generated current originating in electronic and detector It means that the output current saturates and not able to decrease its amplitude any more The higher corner point of current neutron flux characteristics DFLUX1 in Fig 4 represents the saturation of neutron generated current It means that the output current saturates and not able to increase its amplitude any more 3 Operation Operation is explained by the aid of the block diagram see it on the following page The FCS consists of two galvanically separated parts the first part holds the signal generation s digital functions while the second one
15. ept DC average frequency average frequency value Fixed amplitude Amplitude follows the root square rule 7 2 Pulse Output Scaling factor K1 Frequency Range Resolution Time distribution Higher corner point PFLUX1 Pulse Wiath Amplitude Polarity Stability 8 hours Connector type 7 3 DC Output Scaling factor Signal type Amplitude range Amplitude resolution Serial resistance Lower corner point DFLUXO Higher corner point DFLUX1 Integral linearity Stability 8 hours Connector type 1 00E 01 to 1 00E 01 pps nv settable 1 pps to 2 Mpps Max 1 00E 04 pps at 1 pps Max 1 00E 02 pps at 2 Mpps Periodic stochastic 1 00E 03 to 1 00E 07 nv settable 0 1 us 1 5 us pulses selectable 20mV 200 mV selectable at 20 load or selectable Width 0 5 Amplitude 1 BNC 1 00E 11 to 1 00E 05 Direct current 10 mV 10 V 16 bits 10 100 1 10 100 1 10 selectable 1 00E 02 to 1 00E 11 nv settable 1 00E 02 to 1 00E 11 nv settable 0 1 96 of Full Scale 0 25 96 BNC 7 4 AC Output Scaling factor K2 1 00E 06 to 1 00E 03 pA Vnv settable Signal type Pulses with settable amplitude Amplitude range 10mV to 10V Amplitude resolution 16 bits Nominal frequency AFREQU 1 00E 04 to 5 00E 04 pps settable Stochastic or periodic Serial resistance 200 external Lower corner point AFLUXO 1 00E 02 to 1 00E 05 nv settable Integral
16. ither from a PC terminal or from the built in 21 key keypad combination serial I O interfacing After having collected the necessary set of parameters from the mentioned inputs the firmware enters into the generating phase it starts sending control sequences to the controlled blocks according to the prescribed time and level requirements The signal conditioning part is controlled through isolated digital signals Those are to control of 3 digital analogue converters 2 timing signals for pulse and ac outputs and 3 for controlling de output resistances 3 2 PULSE output The PNOUT1 signal triggers the programmable monostable multivibrator The output signal of MMV PULSE OUT controls a fast analogue switch AN MPX connecting the upper side of the PULSE output s resistive divider chain alternately to a REF PULSE level and GND This voltage signal is led through the polarity control stage to the PULSE output A 20 kO external resistor converts the voltage to current 3 3 AC output The PNOUT2 AC OUT signal controls a fast analogue switch AN MPX connecting the upper side of the AC OUT alternately to a REF AC level and GND A 200 external resistor converts the voltage to current 3 4 DC output The current level of DC OUT can be determinate by the aid of internal or external voltage source and of the choice the sufficient internal resistor This instrument can implement only noiseless current source The current level c
17. kBaud serial channel using a simple single character protocol corresponding to the MASTER SLAVE relation where the Slave is the Simulator while the Master is always the PC The serial communication is taking place through RS 232 back panel connector 3 6 1 Parameter table Parameter table is maintained in Simulator This table contains all parameters dealing with Firmware Processor FP communication Because the number of parameters exceed 20 it turned out better using an indirect addressing system for them i e instead of having a single character for identifying a parameter s place in the Simulators memory an ADDRESS and a VALUE mailbox is used to write them one by one The ADDRESS is a relative index pointing to the actual parameters relative place in the table while VALUE is its actual value to be written into this address After having placed a new parameter into this mail box issuing a command will write it to its place The following table shows all programmable parameters and its relative addresses Table1 ADDRESS Designation Parameter description 1 2 2 PFLUX1 The upper corner point of PULSE output in terms of nv 3 AFLUX0 The lower corner point of AC output in terms of nv 4 5 DFLUX0 The lower corner point of DC output in terms of nv 6 DFLUX1 The upper corner point of DC output in terms of nv 7 FLUXO The lower final value of simulated neutron flux in terms of nv 8 FLUX1 The higher final value of sim
18. mands Issued by the PC and Simulators Reaction to them These are basically single character commands without any checksum or control character companions The verification of the commands correct interpretation is the operators observation of the expected reaction on the screen The main cause of this approach was originally the wish of shortening message traffic as much as possible The commands 5 Start emitting simulated outputs Send actual STATUS PFREQU ACURR DCURR and FLUX values to PC in a single line ending with W write parameter from the mail box to its place in parameter table dump parameters Dumps parameter table maintained in Simulator This table contains all parameters defined in document see Table1 dealing with FP communication The table entries which are 4 byte hexadecimal numbers separated by space and CR LF characters end with a symbol To maintain the single character command feature later we adopted a mechanism by which one can transfer binary bytes to the Simulator by using the special L command This one notes the FW in the simulator that the next command will be a binary byte instead of an ASCII character This way sending e g a status word a two byte value looks like that M L adbyte1 L adbyte2 V L valbyte1 L valbyte2 L valbyte3 L valbyte4 Where M V pointer setting commands adbytex the binary address bytes
19. t remains stable 2 page Displaying the momentary power and current and setting theDC characteristic corner value Display P W R X X X E X X X 96 D C U R R X X X E X X X u D F L U X 0 X X X E X X X n v D F L U X 1 X X X E X X X n v PWR The momentary value of the simulated power Calculated parameter PWR K4 FLUX DCURR The simulated current momentary value Calculated parameter DCURR K3 FLUX DFLUXO The DC characteristics bottom corner point Parameters that needs see on Fig 4 to be set DFLUX1 The DC characteristics top corner point Parameters that needs see on Fig 4 to be set 3 page Displaying the momentary impulse frequency and the AC current setting the impulse and AC characteristics corner points Display F R E U X X X E X X X ps P FL U X 1 X X X E X X X n v A C U R R X X X E X X X A F L U X 0 X X X E X X X n v FREQU The simulated impulse frequency momentary value Calculated FREQU K1 FLUX parameter PFLUX1 The PULSE characteristics top corner point Parameters that see on Fig 2 needs to be set ACURR simulated AC signals amplitudes momentary Calculated value AFLUX K2 FLUX parameter AFLUXO The AC characteristics top corner point Parameters that see on Fig 3 needs to be set to be set 4 page The detector and the nuclear reactor s sensitivity parameters Display K 1 X X X E X X X p p s n v K 2 X X X E X X X u N n v K 3 X X X E X X X u n v
20. tary signals that be seen on the simulators PULSE AC and DC outputs depend on the simulated neutron flux current value Before giving the START command the neutron flux either provides the previous cycle FLUXO FLUXI final value or it stagnates on the value at the moment on the STOP command given After giving the START command the neutron flux timing can be set with the FLUXO FLUX1 T PER and FLUX AMPL parameters according to the following See Fig 6 e f the FLUX AMPL CONST this case the neutron flux is stagnated on the FLUXO parameters level e f the FLUX AMPL INCR the neutron flux effects the new cycle in a way that from the value that was standardised in the previous cycle with T PER time constant increasing exponentially If the STOP command is launched before the FLUX1 value is reached the neutron flux is stabilised at the moment when the command is given In the case when STOP command is not launched the neutron flux is increasing until it reaches FLUX1 value and after it remains stable e fthe FLUX AMPL DECR the neutron flux effects the new cycle in a way that from the value that was standardised in the previous cycle with T PER time constant decreasing exponentially If the STOP command is launched before the FLUXO value is reached the neutron flux is stabilised at the moment when the command is given In the case when STOP command is not launched the neutron flux is decreasing until it reaches FLUXO value and after i
21. to be transferred into the parameter table 2 bytes long valbytey the binary value bytes to be transferred into the parameter table bytes long 3 6 4 Programming with the Single Character Commands By using the handful of simple commands described in 3 6 3 one can easily write a shell program to control the simulator via RS 232 connector The only precondition to this understands the working of the Simulator on the ground of the main parameters with special care of the Status Word After this one has to send e the application s controlling parameters as many MLLVLLLL sequences each is followed by W as are parameters to change e Review them in a text box send d command e Finally start S NFL 09 20 NFL 04 07 Block diagram TERMINAL INTERFACE 1 4 LINE 2 CHAR 21 KEY VACUUM FLUORESCENT DISPLAY KEYPAD CONTROL CONSOL UNIT DCL 01 13 RS 232 DAC 1 er ICs2 PULSE OUT RANGE D Ax FL E H gt ye USART p swren AGND T AGND MACH PRoGR L osc 1 DSCLK gt b PROGR FREQ PROGR FREQ NOISE amp mo R i MMV R PULSE_OUT v I 25 MHz DIVIDER 1 DIVIDER 2 GEN
22. tton 5 User manual for the front panel control and display facilities For the device human and electronic interaction a 21button keyboard and a VF display 4 row 20 characters row are responsible The keyboards keys are arranged in the following way 0 9 The setting of the value of the marked parameter The setting of the marked parameter exponent polarity tr Loo The adjustable parameter marker cursor moving key SET The parameter activator that was marked with the cursor ESCAPE Exiting the parameter marked with the cursor without amending it ENTER The execution of the amendment of the parameter marked by the cursor START Starting the simulator STOP Exiting the simulator PAGE UP The key that is responsible for changing the 4 row view page on the display Using the PAGE UP key the following parameters can be selected which can be viewed on the pages 1 page Parameters to set the neutron flux in time order F L U X X X X E X X X n v F L U X 0 X X X E X X X n v F L U X 1 X X X E X X X n v T P E R X X X E X X X S FLUX The momentary value of the simulated neutron Calculated parameter flux FLUXO The lower final value of the neutron flux Parameter that needs to be set FLUX1 The higher final value of the neutron flux Parameter that needs to be set T PER Exponential variable neutron flux time Parameter that needs constraint after the START command selected to be set The momen
23. ulated neutron flux in terms of nv 9 K1 Pulse sensitivity in terms of pps nv A K2 AC sensitivity in terms of UA nv B K3 DC sensitivity in terms of uA nv K4 Power factor of reactor in terms of nv D ACFREQU Nominal frequency of AC output signal in terms of KHz E T PER Exponential variable neutron flux time constant in terms of s F STATUS Status expression in terms of bites 10 PFREQU Momentary value of PULSE output in terms of pps 11 ACURR Momentary value of AC ouput in terms of 12 DCURR Momentary value of DC output in terms of HA 13 FLUX Momentary value of simulated neutron flux in term of nv 14 FH Setting of the momentary frequency of PULSE output signal 15 AC Setting of the momentary amplitude of AC output signal 16 DC Setting of the momentary amplitude of DC output signal The form and meaning of FH parameter value ppppqqqq pppp period time settable range 2 to 65536 e qqqq multiplication factor Settable range 0 1 k z tti rt keket vehet fel ha 0001 FFFF ill 0000 7FFFk z tti HEX rt ket adunk meg The form and meaning of AC parameter value ppppaaaa pppp period time settable range 2 to 65536 aaaa amplitude settable range 0000 to FFFF The form and meaning of DC parameter value xxxxaaaa XXXX value with no meaning aaaa amplitude settable range 0000 to FFFF Status _ o Notes 5 QA C 727 75000
24. utput frequency saturates and not able increase its output frequency any more The amplitude and width of pulses are constant during start period of simulation FCS allows to set 2 width 0 1 us 1 5 us and 2 amplitude 20 mV 200 mV The frequency of puse signal is either constants noiseless or stochastically changes noisy The stochastic signals are generated in digital manner The frequency spectrum of stochastic signals has the following components 2 with 0 5 relative weight fo with 0 25 relative weight f 2 with 0 125 relative weight etc 2 In ac regime the amplitude of simulated ac current signal depends on the currently neutron flux according to the following lac K2 VO where lac nominal rms current at ac output uA K2 ac sensitivity of simulated detector nv simulated neutron flux nv N m x s The frequency of ac signal is either constants noiseless or stochastically changes causing fluctuation in amplitude noisy The stochastic signals are generated in digital manner A Pseudo Random Binary Sequence is a periodic deterministic signal with white noise like properties They are generated using an n bit shift register with feedback through an exclusive OR logic While appearing random in actually the sequence repeats every 2 1 values In particular variations in response signals between two periods of the stimulus can be attributable to noise due to the periodic nature of the signal Also like white ran
25. vel value exponentially with a time constant of T PER period time Fig 6 Operating parameters of FCS can be set by using the 21 key pad and Vacuum Fluorescent Display VFD on the front panel At the same time PC control of the generator via an RS232 serial link is also possible The FCS can be characterized as a programmable pulse generator consisting of Detector Simulator module NFL 09 20 Detector Signal Output module NFL 04 07 Terminal module DCL 01 13 Power Supply NFL 01 09 2 Principle of Simulation The nuclear reactor is simulated by an internal generator This generator calculate the temporally value of neutron flux in nv unit In most reactors the dynamic range of neutron flux is 1 00E 00 to 1 00E 11 nv in detector position Parameters of detector signals depend on the level of neutron flux In pulse regime the frequency in ac regime the amplitude of ac current in dc regime the amplitude of dc current follows the nv value according to the following 1 In pulse regime the frequency of simulated signal depends on the currently neutron flux according to the following feuse K1 where fPULSE nominal frequency of pulse output Hz K1 pulse sensitivity of simulated detector Hz nv simulated neutron flux nv N m x s The higher corner point of pulse frequency neutron flux characteristics PFLUX1 in Fig 2 represents the pulse overlapping effects It means that depending of the collection time of detector the o
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