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User Manual TRX4S

1. 18 Seleciing currehtiohannel ia a E 19 Reading the current channel number eee esee nente nennen tnter nennen tnter 19 vw aN ATARI 19 Temperature display output POWEP rcecsicesssscsscccisevoisessieostincstencscacstevcssavstuentiuentinsn Display firmware version number SHOW Senal nUMDET riri BAA AA A BBO Error messages 6 SERVICE ADJUSTMENTS PROGRAMMING OF e e e n nnn nn nnne nnns nnne 21 POKE byte IDEEPROM ENCEINTE SN NR CUN 21 PEEK read byte in EEPROM issu RUE REQUE EU TERRE E HEC EROR 21 EEPROM memory 21 INTERNAL ADJUSTMENTS OPENING THE CASE dee uade td TOTAL DISASSEMBLING THE TRXAS sss n rrr irri rri 22 ADJUSTMENT OF THE TRANSMIT POWER 23 TRX4S G Page 3 Adjustment transmit ETT RR 24 ADJUSTING OF TEMPERATURE LIMITATION Setting the temperature limit ADJUSTING OF RF CARRIER ADJUSTMENT OF THE MODULATION DEVIATION eeeeenn mms ADJUSTMENT OF THE MODULATION COMPENSATION eeeee nnns ADJUSTMENT OF THE REFERENCE ADJUSTMENT OF THE LOCAL 60 3 MHZ
2. om mr audio volume potentiometer Page 26 TRX4S G For adjustment apply a square wave signal 0 5 Vpp with approx 150 Hz frequency to the data input of radio and watch the demodulated signal at the data output of a reference test receiver with appropriate bandwidth capability If the reference quartz modulation is not enough trimmer R253 turned too much you find a deviation from pulse flatness After the pulse edge the pulse of the received signal drops With too much modulation applied to the reference quartz trimmer R253 too far cw you find too little modulation of reference quartz too much modulation of reference quartz also a deviation from pulse flatness but the voltage continues to rise slow after the edge If the compensation is adjusted properly the rising and falling edges are at the same voltage level and the pulse top is not tilt Adjustment of the reference quartz Transmit and receive frequency are derived from two quartz oscillators the reference quartz deter mines the VCO frequency approx 350 MHz and is primary responsible for precision of the trans mit frequency and stability The 60 3 MHz oscillator participates also in generating the correct fre quency The frequency drift of the oscillators of TRX4S is approx 2 105 Adjustment makes only sense is a frequency counter with a precision of 2 10 or better is available We recommend counters with
3. Temp Max C Measure Volt The precision achieved by this way of meas urement is approx 5 C Theoretically you may 20 2 81 V set the trimmer to voltages from 2 97 to 3 60 40 3 00 V volt which corresponds to a temperature range 45 3 04 V from 38 to 125 C 50 3 09 V 55 3 13 V 60 3 47 V 62 5 3 19 V 65 3 21 V 70 3 25 V 75 3 29 V 80 3 33 V L Adjusting of rf carrier de mit tection ne R211 The receiver IC s of TRX4S have a RSSl output radio 6000008 140 signal strength indicator where you can measure pA voltage which is proportional to the rf input level in an dB There exist two separate RSSl signals one for 779 8080009 wide and one for narrow bandwidth signal reception rz RN If the RSSI signal exceeds pre set level the green m e RSSI LED will light Simultaneously pin 6 of the 6 pin mini DIN data connector is pulled low S R264 With the trimmers R263 DCD level narrow and R264 DCD level wide the trigger voltage for carrier detect _ T can be adjusted separately for narrow and wide TRX4S G Page 25 mode The trimmer can be found near the 6 pin mini DIN connector inside the case Procedure apply an unmodulated carrier with the desired strength to the antenna input and adjust the trimmer R2
4. pune m 5 m m i 1422 4 1420 1 m n m a Gl 29 0000000 W mn W g ep I E E W Wn 0420 431 R733 0435 R730 mJ Maa fo tee Qi eo 38 4 Schematics 8 45 AF TX power supply RSSIN RSSIW p ung STR SR pe ia B si mn LEN amp 4 Dib unm 7440132 28F7204 a 74HC132 LORE 5 Receive MI Meo MIS LO XMIT H RCV err 180 M RIIS ons ae 2 5 sP am lt 2 1 EI DATAN RX DATAN RXW 125 81 ha n Rock SY Erfarna migi Migz M SV SV RX BV E ime 2 d gt mM4lPGge 63AT 98 nma E 2 GND an misi i en Receive 252 Narrow L Sigmsl Hl no Signal ook UB 74137 18 pe 3 ent di ie 8231 Nares Ve pes UNUN meses uzel ues 1a Vide
5. css M57729 Bm ANT esas esa 538 I MN wea PRI me pm sw mS 12 IN REUS 8475 47b 1786 Te Tei TE Den Sendel isungeregelung TRX4S G Page 39 Schematics receiver control RK Preanp SR ces ree Rese RX RE Fi Iter 459 469 COC Bp 3p ge RAVCOHF LIS 57 mew 12 Te C656 1688 47 55 C728 C721 R72 STR Be I a m wie o n ee s equae Im pm SEB ne roe NC eae so n In otl oes xe 5 55 55 gt hne 1 5 Mixer 666 G G GND RSS 2 R7ZS 10 3 e s mel I Ten R724 725 Doe PM 2 ta d F Seay RED RSSI
6. mimm v 7 proper fm demodulation Adjustment is easy connect an oscillo mur E Scope to the data output of the receiver and adjust for optimal e za LIT symmetry of the receiver noise signal The receiver input re 2 mains open or is terminated with a 50 Q resistor sa a ta E a TOM LI Ue e If filrer adjust We recommend not to do any adjustments at the if filters 5 e L710 and L711 are simply adjusted to maximum RSSI reading in narrow mode u ge The coils L665 L682 have to be adjusted carefully They are ni d WD responsible for proper input and output matching of the 71 MHz sar quartz filter Improper filter matching results in changing the KM amplitude and phase response of the filter causing excessive distortion to the data signal With a suited sweeper you Page 28 TRX4S G optimise the amplitude of the if filters but not the phase response It is a good idea to adjust the filter matching by observing the eye pattern at the receiver output While receiving a 153 kbaud signal you watch the eye pattern and adjust L665 and L682 for optimal symmetry and eye Adjustment of 90 45 MHz stages The 60 3 MHz oscillator is set to the exact frequency by adjusting L400 see above L406 is adjusted with the transmitter keyed up for sufficient drive of the frequency divider U410 If the coil is not a
7. 5 0 A Frequency range Standard adjustment 430 440 MHz Frequency drift error typ 2 PPM 1 kHz max 5 PPM 2 5 kHz Channel spacing 12 5 kHz Temperature range 0 to 50 C Programming via rs232 serial interface 9600 Baud 8 Bit NO Parity 8 pin RJ45 receptacle For every channel the transmit frequency receive frequency transmit power and mode may be defined and stored Reading of signal strength in dBm and temperature is possible Connection of a remote control unit is possible Frequency setting any 16 frequencies may be programmed and stored in TRX4S Selection with up down buttons inside the transceiver 7 segment channel display Over temperature protect transmitter will be disabled above 60 to 65 C temperature of the power amplifier Reference oscillator 12 800 MHz 5 PPM Antenna switch 3 power pin diodes Useful packet data rate max approx 50 packets 256 Bytes each or 100 packets 100 Bytes each per second Receiver Sensitivity 0 2 u V at 50 Q 12 dB SINAD narrow mode Maximum input signal without destroying the input in band 430 440 MHz 13 dBm 20 mW 1 v rf voltage 400 MHz gt 470 MHz 33 dBm 2 Watt 10 Volt rf voltage Audio amplifier 0 5 W at 8 0 3 5 mm speaker jack built in miniature speaker The speaker is not disabled when transmitting So the transmitted signal can be heard simplex mode Data output 0 5 low impedance 6 pin mini DIN connector Mi
8. 52 dB 50 mV 50E 6 W 94 dB uV 13 dBm S9 60 dB 100 mV 0 2 mW 100 dB uV 7 dBm S9 66 dB 200 mV 0 8 mW 106 dB uV 1 dBm S9 72 dB 224 mV 1mW 107 dB y V 0 59 80 dB 0 5 V 5mW 114 dB LV 7 dBm 1V 20mW 120 dB uV 13 dBm 2V 80 mW 126 dB uV 19 dBm 5 0 5 134 dB uV 27 dBm 71 1W 137 dB uV 30 dBm 10 0 V 2W 140 dB uV 33 dBm 14 1 V 4W 143 dB uV 36 dBm 17 3 6W 145 dB uV 38 dBm 20 0 V 8W 146 dB uV 39 dBm 224 V 10 W 147 dB uV 40 dBm 24 5 V 12 W 148 dB uV 41 dBm 31 6 20W 150 dB uV 43 dBm 35 4 V 25W 151 dB uV 44 dBm 50 0 V 50W 154 dB uV 47 dBm 70 7 V 100 W 157 dB uV 50 dBm Page 46 TRX4S G Y Datensysteme und Elektronik GmbH Users manual TRX4S Hardware printed circuit version C issue 1999 06 21 Manufacturing and distribution SYMEK GmbH Datentechnik Ulf Kumm DK9SJ Address D 70597 Stuttgart Johannes Kramer StraBe 34 Phone 49 711 76 78 923 Fax 49 711 76 78 924 Hotline 49 711 76 54 911 e mail info symek com Internet homepage http symek com TRX4S G Page 47
9. Y Datensysteme und Elektronik GmbH User Manual For the Data Transceiver TRXAS Issue 1999 06 21 TRX4S G Production and distribution SYMEK GmbH Datentechnik Ulf Kumm DK9SJ Address D 70597 Stuttgart Germany Johannes Kr mer StraBe 34 Phone 49 711 76 78 923 Fax 49 711 76 78 924 Hotline 49 711 76 54 911 e mail info symek com Internet http symek com SYMEK High Speed Packet Radio Controller The packet radio controller of the TNC3 family TNC3S TNC31 are capable to handle up to 1 Mbit s data rate Standard modems for 1200 9600 19200 38400 76800 and 153600 Baud are available There exist special modems for mixed baudrates e g TX 9600 RX38400 for satellite applications as UO 12 and others The TNC3 31 is the optimal controller for use with the TRX4S data transceiver TNC3S Dual port packet controller two independent modems 256 Kbytes Flash EPROM max 2 Mbytes CMOS RAM max 1 6 Mbit s total data rate Software Hostmode Mailbox KISS SLIP Hayes Sixpack X Net TNC31S Single port controller up to 1 Mbit s 128 or 512 Kbytes Flash EPROM max 512 Kbytes CMOS RAM Software same as TNC3S Page 2 TRX4S G Contents SYMEK HIGH SPEED PACKET RADIO CONTROLLER 2 PREFAGE npe 5 INSTRUCTIONS FOR 1 xo rina ici npo nn Ran n IE cn IA XXX RO o 6 CONTROLS OF TRXAS isse re d 6 PROGRAMMING
10. can be measured while transmitting at M425 90 450 MHz You lH 0 0 find this point directly near the white transmit mixer 10 mm H9 que 1 behind the audio volume potentiometer Adjustment of TX VCO With TX VCO control voltage of 2 5 the VCO should oscillate in the centre of the band So if the centre frequency is properly adjusted with C330 at the end of the VCO line behind the squelch pot see picture lower right the voltage at M325 see picture middle left will read 2 5 volt The transmitter may be 9 7 disabled by miss tuning L406 while measuring the VCO fre quency e 00102 Adjustment of RX VCO 28308 b S S g 8 Sj With RX VCO control voltage of 2 5 volt the VCO should lu Lo oscillate in the centre of the band So if the centre frequency is m 3 em properly adjusted with C621 at the end of the VCO line in the mm 2 centre of the board see picture upper the voltage at M620 will E TT 2258 ite ni read 2 5 volt v mmo e Adjustment of quadrature coil The coils L721 narrow and L750 wide are responsible for
11. full sensitivity and getting its receiving modem synchronised If you work with a simplex digipeater which needs 50 ms to switch from transmit to receive you have to consider this If not the remote receiver will loose the fast answers from your TNC and has to wait for a re peated transmission The remote station will show all your packets in monitor mode except the first one which came too early The transmit filter of a G3RUH modems needs some bit preamble until valid data is sent The receiver of those modems needs some clock cycles as well to synchronise and lock the clock recovery circuit Those delays depend on the baudrate and become shorter as baudrate rise Recommendation With TNC2H and TNC3 TNC31 the minimum TX delay of T 1 can be set If there is a problem check if the slow receiver of the remote station is the cause and increase TX delay until the problem disappears TRX4S G Page 13 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION Technical data of TRX4S valid for 1999 version C of printed circuit board Dimensions without case without cooler W 163 mm D 103 mm H 29 mm weight 0 5 kg Without case with cooler W 163 mm D 103 mm H 70 mm weight 1 5 kg Power supply 12 volt dc 11 16 V reception 250 mA transmit max 6 A 2 pin AMP receptacle Fuse 6 3A slow inside the case fuse 20x5 mm 13 v required for full transmit power of 25 watts Typical values at 12 5 v 0 27A TX 3 W 2 2 A TX 6 W 2 6 A TX 12 W 3 5 A TX 20 W
12. settings Hyperterm 17 set up 6 set up of terminal program 16 shift register 32 signal detection 14 signals from and to the modem 11 S Meter 46 software 30 spacers 23 speaker 22 speaker external 35 spectral purity signal 34 spurious signals 15 square wave 27 squelch 6 35 stability of frequency 27 storing of arecord 18 sub d connector 7 supply of audio amplifier 34 supply voltage 23 supply voltage for microphone etc 12 switchable 90 45 MHz oscillator 34 swr damage 41 symmetry 28 syntax 20 tables for A D converter 35 technical data 14 Telix 8 temperature coefficient 35 temperature display 19 30 temperature limitation 25 temperature range 14 temperature sensor 25 30 35 TERM dos 8 TERM 10 36 16 Terminal Windows 3 11 17 terminal program 7 16 Terminal exe 8 terminal emulation 17 terminal settings 17 test receiver 26 text transfer 17 TNC31S 15 trade 36 transient emissions 15 transistor voltage regulator 33 TRX4S G transmit data serial 15 transmit enable 35 transmit frequency setting 8 transmit power 8 transmit power adjust 23 transmit power regulation 34 transmitter keying PTT 11 transmitter power measurement 19 transmitter supply voltage 33 transmitting equipment 36 trigger voltage for RSSI DCD 25 trimmer resistors 23 TRXAS firmware 1 1 18 TRX4TERM exe 7 two point modulation 26 TX delay 15 TXD null oscillator 34 unexpected settings 18 unknown command 20 update of firmwa
13. 35 data transfer 17 data output 14 data output demodulation 35 dB uV 46 dBm 46 dc across data input 11 dc decoupling data output 35 dc input supply 12 DCD Level 25 DCD output 26 default set up 6 defect 41 demodulator 10 demodulator narrow 35 deviation 11 26 deviation meter 26 dimensions physical 14 diode mixer 34 disabling the 7 segment display 30 disassembling the TRX4S 22 disc 7 distortion 26 driver stages 435 MHz 29 driver supply 34 dummy load 24 duty cycle 15 dynamic range of DCD 26 dynamic range rf 14 EEPROM 18 35 EEPROM address 20 EEPROM programming 21 EMVG regulations 36 ERROR 20 error messages 20 Fahrenheit 19 fan 15 FET switch 33 filter capacitor 12v supply 12 filter amplitude and phase response 28 TRX4S G firmware version display 20 fm demodulation 28 frequency 18 frequency counter 27 frequency divider 29 frequency drift error 14 frequency memory 18 frequency of reference oscillator 32 frequency of reference quartz 27 frequency of the VCO 27 frequency of VCO 27 frequency precision 27 frequency range 14 frequency range data out 11 frequency range of data input 11 frequency setting 14 front panel 6 front panel removing 23 fuse 12 volt supply 12 guard time 8 handshake 7 harmonic suppression 15 heatsink 22 Hyperterm 8 Hyperterm Windows95 98 17 if filter coils 28 if adjust 28 input errors recognition 20 input impedance data 11 input
14. C of the TRX4S printed circuit board and the firmware release 1 1 TRX4S G Page 5 INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE Controls of TRX4S If you have some experience with packet radio this side will give you all information required for operating TRX4S transceiver The TRX4S is operated with the cooler up LED Displays Front panel Controls from left to right REMOTE connector for a remote control panel see remote control AUDIO volume only effective for the AF amplifier soeaker connector SQUELCH squelch only effective for the AF amplifier speaker connector NARROW the transceiver runs in narrow mode up to 19200 Baud RSSI DCD arf signal is detected RX the transceiver is in receive mode TX the transceiver is on air transmitting PWR power the power supply of TRX4S is turned on internal 5 volt Connectors back panel from left to right ANT antenna BNC connector 50 max 30 Watt rf Power supply 12 13 8 Volt max ca 6 5 A red positive black negative SPKR speaker connector 8 3 5 mm mono jack max 0 5 W Modem TNC data connector for TNC 6 pin mini DIN plug see connector RS232 interface to the computer 9600 Baud 8 Bit NO Parity see programming Channel Selection local For selecting the frequency channel you have to turn the TRX4S round Cooler down On the right side between the RS232 connector rear and the remote control connector you find a 7 segment LED display and t
15. EM 011 12 Tf Le DATA 4 van m PA Freigabe 5 ST rey p pur uisa i MC7BH2S R120 me 22 n 3 Sv Senden MY CENE 5 18 von 2 Pe EZ fos 22k ig cies gt 369 7 379 7MHz Pr SF SF 5 5P FE Beh MES ease i 225 ip de jo Liige E P casal casz 1 F 160kH2 B LL 1 E ue 12 1 2 435_ CR3ZZ Jep _ 328 TXVCO Wu SS vece wwens YEE L 2 jm EE V enr N MEIA 47 18 jy 0398 MESHES Ir DS GND RATEN aom nen 9 Tow Te B 19 5 28 26 cus j i 20828 1636 T33 CLKIZ CLK DATA ENATK 57 usus Tripler ges Filh ye TXVCO 414 t ESSET quo lt I en OD Ha pars of gne cur DM TE E Vin T END T 128E 427 V 7e PEE 39th care ons 1215 mm ST 9 RISE is in lese amp si 1827 H usd MES ize des 2x 8580 _ csei csaz cs4a 0545 546 Hee ye Tm AA Tuy 4 7 dp7 u a 298 ive ain S E Umschaltung pi
16. a stan dard AMP universal mate n lok no 350777 type the 2 pin plug for the cable is used with two female crimp contacts AMP Mate N Lok No Type 163306 4 The connector is good for up to 25 amp and cannot be reversed in polarity The 12v dc power must not be reversed in polarity If the power is applied with the wrong polarity a fuse inside the TRX4S will blow and has to be replaced For replacement use only a 6 3 A fuse 20 x 5 mm with medium fast characteristic Never short circuit the fuse by a wire Never use higher current types The fuse is found directly near the power inlet and can be easily accessed by opening the TRX4S bottom cover Take care not to damage the speaker wires when opening the case To make sure that there is no voltage drop on the supply cable you have to use wires with sufficient diameter With only 0 1 Q total resistance of the supply cable there would be already a significant voltage drop of 0 5 volt but the maximum output power is only possible with 13 0 volt supply across the power input of the TRX4S Inside the TRX4S there is a low ESR electrolytic capacitor with 180 uF which cannot work a smoothing capacitor for low quality power supplies The power source has to supply 13 5 Volt with permanent 6 A and 8 A peak current The low cost CB radio power supplies with so called 6 8 A power capability will quickly overheat when the transmit receive ratio exceeds 20 In many cases the open circuit voltage of
17. cables have only Only pins 3 4 5 and 6 are 4 or 6 of the 8 pins wired This is no disadvantage as the TRX4S used uses only the centre 4 pins no 345 and 6 The outer pins 1 2 7 and 8 are not connected TRX4S G Page 15 The cables are available as 8 wire flat cable modular cable with 145 connector ISDN cable 1145 patch cable 1 1 connected cable with 8 pin western connectors If you find similar cables with smaller 6 or 4 pin connectors as used with other telephone applications you may use them as well Screened cables are much more expensive but provide better suppression of radio interference The both connectors are mounted in a way that the latches of the connectors are on the opposite sides of the flat cable So the sequence of the pins remain unchanged see picture Caution There exists cables with so called roll over connection With those cables pin 1 is con nected with pin 8 pin 2 with Pin 7 etc Since introduction of ISDN those roll over cables are unusual With the PC serial interface there is in most cases a 9 pin male connector found at the rear of the computer For COM2 you will find also a 9 pin or in many cases a 25 pin male connector When using COM1 to connect your mouse you will use perhaps COM2 for the TRX4S To connect the modular cable with the rj45 you need the adapter supplied with the transceiver Here the list which describes how to built such an adapter RJ connector as shown in the p
18. compactor inputs One of the comparators is used for RSSI measurement the other for temperature or power measurement The non inverting input of the comparators is connected to a 22 nF capacitor which is charged to 10V by a 100 resistor within 2 ms time The capacitor is dis charged by a FET to zero volts and the microcontroller measures the charge time which is needed until the voltage across the capacitor becomes equal to the voltage to be measured The time is measured as a value within the range between 1 and 255 and converted by a lookup table in to the displayed value dBm C RS232 interface the UART asynchronous transmitting and receiving is performed by software in the microcontroller The baudrate 9600 baud 1 start 1 stop bit no parity is fixed and cannot be changed For level translator the well known MAX232A is used With its built in charge pump this driver generates the 10 volt The serial input and output is filtered with a r c r lowpass filter to reduce rf interference with the serial interface connector The rs232 input is pulled to 10v with a 10 kQ resistor to give a low signal stop bit polarity when no computer is connected This is important to control the TRX4S controller via the external rs232 interface parallel to the remote control con nector As the charge pump of the MAX232 uses high current and high frequency pulses for gener ating the 10 volt the 5 volt supply of the MAX232 is decoupled from t
19. data This is equivalent to 5 ms 9600 Baud or 250 153 kbaud The if bandwidth should be as wide as 30 kHz for 19200 Baud 300 kHz for 153 kbaud The filters should be of the group delay optimised type Simplex operation transmit and receive at the same frequency must be possible without restric tions As these requirements are not met by any commercial available transceiver SYMEK developed a special radio for high speed data transmission in the 435 MHz band The TRX4S is not only a modi fied fm speech transceiver but all parts had been developed new The development was mainly done by Gunter K hnhardt DC4SU rf G nter K nig DG4SAS mi crocontroller and Ulf Kumm DK9SJ management PCB layout in 1998 and 1999 We succeeded in constructing a real data transceiver without restrictions in speed power and delay We hope you enjoy using the TRX4S The firmware of TRX4S may be updated or other versions may be available in future You may order updates which come together with a new manual See our internet pages for announcement of new firmware releases This is the first English version of the TRX4S users manual If you find any errors in the text please inform us We d like to correct them immediately to give our customers the best documentation to our products possible 21 Jun 1999 Ulf Kumm DK9SJ UP 55 IMPORTANT All information in this manual are valid only for the version TRX4S
20. protocol 1 stop bit 2 menu settings text transfer is set to transfer line by line with 3 10 sec linefeed guard time line delay 3 menu settings terminal emulation is set to e g TTY general 4 menu settings terminal settings activate the local echo The settings are stored as a trm file e g TRX4S trm This file will be found in C Windows and can be dragged and dropped on the desktop in any program group of Windows 3 11 Double clicking the icon labelled TRX4S will immediately start Terminal with the proper configuration Configuration of Hyperterm Windows95 98 With Windows 95 98 comes a fine new terminal program called Hyperterm You can start it in pro grams accessories communication Hyperterm with the following settings referred to the Ger man version of Hyperterm 1 When starting Hyperterm asks for some prefix number Type any number you like 2 The program asks new connect Type e g TRX4S and select one of the funny icons 3 In the window connect via you select the COM Port e g COM2 OK 4 As communication settings you select 9600 baud 8 data bits no parity 1 stop bit no protocol OK 5 With characteristic settings you may set ASCII configuration Switch on the options transmitted lines end with linefeed and echo input characters locally local echo A linefeed delay guard time of 250 milliseconds is recommended the ASCII settings remain un
21. setting 0433 2500 transmit frequency in MHz N mode of operation for transmitter and receiver N narrow W wide 2 programmed transmit power level 2 6 Watt 0433 5125 receive frequency in MHz Program now all settings for the channels 0 to F If this programming shall be made automatically by a software program there has to be a guard time of 250 ms after each line after the next record may be sent The TRX4S will need this wait time for storing the received information into EEPROM Selecting the channels up down keys With the up and down keys you can select one of the 16 stored channels as the current channel The current channel will be shown oh the 7 segment display The number of the current channel is stored immediately At power on of the transceivers the current channel at last power off is set automatically So it is made sure that no settings are changed when cycling power Page 8 TRX4S G When pressing the up key the channel number is incremented by 1 After F the number changes to 0 again So the use of the down key is not imperative The up and down keys may be accessed through the 3 1 mm holes near the led display in the aluminium bottom panel of TRX4S Use a 3 mm pin or screw to press the key inside the transceiver If the display is on top and located to the right hand connectors rear controls front the upper key is the up and the lower towards front side is the down key It is suff
22. signal maximum 14 input voltage antenna 19 input voltage audio 26 inputs and outputs of TRX4S 11 installing the heatsink 22 interface cable 7 interface f 7 segment display 32 interface parameter 7 interface to computer 6 interference 36 interference rs232 filter 35 intermodulation 3rd intercept 34 isdn cable 15 key up 9 keying the transmitter 33 knowledge special 36 knowledge technical 36 KTY92 35 arge signal capability 34 aw permission 36 ed 25 evel translator rs232 35 imitation of TX power 23 inefeed delay Hyperterm 17 echo 17 ookup table 19 ow audio frequencies 26 ow corner frequency data out 11 pass amplifiers modulation 35 owercase characters 20 owpass amplifier 11 owpass antenna filter 34 lowpass filter adjust 30 manual 36 manufacturers information in EEPROM 21 TRX4S G matching the 71 MHz quartz filters 28 matching TNC to TRX4S 26 MAX232A 35 maximum temperature 25 measuring points 31 memory map of EEPROM 21 memory EEPROM 35 mica insulation 23 microcontroller 18 30 35 microphone amplifier 12 miniature trimmer 23 mini DIN connector 10 minimum output power 24 minimum TX power 23 mirror frequency 14 misprints 36 mode 18 mode wide narrow 8 modem connector 11 modems 10 mod input 15 modular cable 16 modulating voltage 11 modulation 10 26 modulation amplifier 11 modulation input sensitivity 26 modulation input Data in 11 monolithic am
23. those power adapters exceeds 15 v The ac filtering smoothing of the output voltage is not perfect which causes in 100 Hz amplitude modulation of the fm carrier The power supplies designed for amateur radio transceivers 13 5V 12A have much more power reserve and are well suited for use with TRX4S even when transmitting for longer time Of course you may use a Car battery for supplying the TRX4S Take care to use wires with adequate cross section Page 12 TRX4S G Operating hints TX Delay setting The real TX delay of TRX4S is 1 ms or less Watch the following points when setting the parameter at your TNC TNC the extremely short delay time cannot be programmed with most of the packet radio controllers available today 1999 With TNC2H or other TNC2 Z80 derived TNC the TX delay can be programmed in multiples of 10 ms only T 0 is always too short T 1 means already 10 ms delay and is much too long The TNC3 allows programming the TX delay in 1 ms steps In addition a TX delay of 0 can be set and a preamble of up to 16 flags may replace the T setting and gives a delay which is proportional to the baudrate TNC3 Firmware 1 8 and later partner station when setting the transmit delay you have to observe that this time is not only required for your own transmitter to start operating but also for the receiver of the station you are in contact with for switching off its the transmitter completely switching on its receiver up to
24. 36 SCHEMATICS PART LOCATION LOCATION OF THE PARTS LEFT HALF eee nennen nennen nennen neni LOCATION OF THE PARTS RIGHT HALF SCHEMATICS TRX4S AF TX POWER SUPPLY SCHEMATICS RECEIVER CONTROL nennen nnns enis WHAT TO DO IF THE TRX4S DOES NOT WORK 41 Page 4 TRX4S G PREFACE Packet Radio is usual with amateur radio since 1982 Starting with 1200 Baud data rate on 2m band the standard today 1999 is 9600 Baud FSK G3RUH With 1200 Baud AFSK every radio could be connected by use of the microphone and speaker con nector For 9600 Baud FSK most radios need to be modified Modern fm transceivers offer a 9600 Baud capability As those FM transceivers had been designed for fm speech operation they are not ideally suited for packet radio Neither the receivers nor the transmitters are really optimised for data transmission and the delay between transmit and receive is far too long For a real data transceiver the following facts need to be observed e Base band transmission and reception with a AF frequency range from 20 to 5000 Hz 9600 Baud and 150 Hz to 80 kHz 153 kbaud without distortion of amplitude or phase transmit receive delay time must not take longer time as the transmission of approx 50 bit of
25. 50 M604 M620 M639 M747 M746 M820 M821 M830 M831 M832 TRX4S G 5 volt permanent 5 volt transmit 5 volt receive 12 volt fused unregulated 10 volt permanent 4 8 volt low noise supply of VCO 5 volt permanent input of t r switching FETs modulation after switchable low pass amplifier RSSI signal from narrow demodulator RSSI signal from wide demodulator PLL 12 8 MHz after prescaler transmitter VCO control voltage transmitter 90 45 MHz 3 dBm transmit TX VCO 369 7 379 7 MHz 7 dBm TX mixer output 430 440 MHz TX after first amplifier 430 440 MHz TX after second amplifier 430 440 MHz PLL after prescaler receiver VCO control voltage receiver RX VCO 359 369 MHz 7 dBm connector for internal loudspeaker jumper for display supply temperature sensor output voltage A D converter input for power or temperature measurement relative output power dc voltage Page 31 Remote Control connector At the front you find a 10 pin receptacle remote to control all functions of TRX4S You need a 10 pin 1 10 inch or 2 5 mm spaced male connector A possible remote control unit may be attached to the front of the TRX4S by spacers with M2 5 screws which fit into the base and cover plate threads and with 10 pins to connect the remote control jack The following signals are available Ground 5 volt clock for power supply of a remote control unit Pin 10 oriented to centre of the front panel is con
26. 63 DCD level narrow and R264 DCD level wide so that the led just flickers For adjusting DCD level narrow you will have to select a frequency in narrow mode equivalent for wide setting The setting does not influence the reception of data signals in any way Only the function of the green DCD led and the DCD output pin 6 is affected The adjustment range goes from permanent DCD ccw to never DCD detect clockwise Between the limits the adjustment is approximately linear with the logarithm of the input power The trigger point may be adjusted to any input signal strength within the dynamic range from 120 dBm 0 2 uV to 50 dBm 1 mV narrow or 115 dBm 0 5 uV to 40 dBm 2 mV wide If the DCD is set to a very low level the presence of additional noise QRM QRN or the use of an preamplifier may increase the idle input signal level and cause a permanent DCD display Set the level to a higher level to consider the additional signal Adjustment of the modulation deviation The audio input voltage mini DIN connector pin 1 for appropriate deviation is set to 0 5 volt peak peak If your packet radio controller supplies more or less voltage you should adjust the signal at the TNC but not at the TRX4S The modulation input sensitivity can be adjusted separately for narrow and wide mode The adjust ment range goes from few mV up to approx 0 8 Vpp narrow or wide Do not use too small signal levels in
27. N DATAN P Tirs Tek 33 5 gt LL segue 2 reia ne we Le 88 at 15 cus _ e TRX4S swek GmbH in replay OFF 40 DATA evade Da a Tranacetver 430 Kuer K rherd 16 18 98 TRX4S G WHAT TO DO IF THE TRXAS DOES NOT WORK Here some common user errors Malfunction PTT is keyed but the red TX led remains off No transmit power Cause wrong transmit frequency programmed or amplifier too hot Malfunction RX led remains off no reception Cause wrong receive frequency programmed The TRX4S design is proven good The components are reliable for industrial use the printed circuit board is of first class quality and all transceivers are tested thoroughly However there is a chance that the equipment would fail If you have done any modifications with TRX4S please make sure that these modifications are NOT the cause for the malfunction and remove all modifications again If there are changes or attempts to repair made the warranty claim is void For the following damage there is no claim for warranty repair Overload of power supply by over voltage over 16 volt causing failure of the voltage regulator or the power amplifier module Destruction caused by reverse polarity of power supply or by use of a wrong fuse Destruction of the power amplifier caused by misadjust
28. OSCILLATOR PDA z aro adeo ADJUSTMENT OF ADJUSTMENT OF QUADRATURE COIL eeeeeeeenennna nnne LEE ADJUSTMENT OF 90 45 MHZ STAGES eee emn menn ADJUSTMENT OF TRANSMITTER DRIVER 435 MHZ sscssccccceecceeeeesecceeeeecseeeeeceeeeeseeaaeaeesees ADJUSTMENT OF FINAL AMPLIFIER AND LOWPASS FILTER UPDATE OF DISABLING THE 7 SEGMENT DISPLAY sss sagas SWITCHING TEMPERATURE POWER MEASURING POINTS REMOTE CONTROL essa ag sins Ground 5 volt clock for power supply of a remote control unit essent 32 Push button functions up and down for channel selection a 3 wire interface for output of 7 segment display power setting 32 serial asynchronous 9600 baud interface for programming 33 DETAILED CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION eren 33 REGULATIONS nennen
29. RRRR reply Zn TTTT TTTT F P RRRR RRRR Note the records are not checked for proper syntax Wrong and nonsense characters after the are stored as given This may cause unwanted and unexpected settings of the transceiver when select ing the channel later In most cases the wrong frequency setting causes the PLL oscillator not to lock If the transmit led remains off when keying the transceiver in most cases a wrong programmed channel record is the cause The same is true for the receiver receive led doesn t light Note The Z command changes the contents of the frequency memory but does not change the current frequency and mode of the transceiver The new frequency becomes not valid until the chan nel n via remote command or by pressing up down keys or at power on is selected again Reading a record With this command a channel data record may be read out of the TRX4S EEPROM input Zn reply Zn TTTT TTTT F P RRRR RRRR Reading all 16 records With this command a listing of all 16 channel data records is read out of TRX4S EEPROM This command is executed automatically when the up key is pressed at power on input ZX reply ZO TTTT TTTT F P RRRR RRRR etc until ZF TTTT TTTT F P RRRR RRRR after each line there is a short delay of 250 ms Page 18 TRX4S G Note If the frequency of a channel had been changed before with the Z command the result of the ZX command will change as well BUT the real frequency and
30. RX microcontroller measuring the real output power is difficult For this reason the default setting of TRX4S is temperature display With the default setting SO will read the temperature of the amplifier But it is possible to change the setting to power reading if necessary Two steps are necessary 1 The input of the A D converter is connected to the temperature sensor by the jumper M830 M831 by 100 kQ miniature resistor Remove the resistor outer contacts of the 3 pin jumper and connect M831 and M832 middle contact and outer contact towards front by the 100 kQ resistor Now the A D converter input is connected to the RF measurement rectifier 2 For temperature and power measurement calibration there exists two different lookup tables in EEPROM Which of the two tables will be used when executing the S02 command depends the value stored in address 0181H of EEPROM This memory location is default set to 01H the controller uses the table stored at the addresses 0400H to 04FFH to convert voltage into degree Celsius If the jumper is changed to power measurement the byte in 0181H has to be set to 00H using the POKE command Normally the conversion table for power measurement is empty and has to be calibrated first Page 30 TRX4S G Measuring points For set up and adjustment the following measuring points can be used M100 M101 M102 M103 M104 M105 M106 M250 M260 M261 M303 M325 M425 M430 M432 M440 M4
31. Receiver supply voltage The receiver is switched on after transmission with a little delay to make Sure that the transmitter is totally shut of when reception starts again As with the transmitter the RX supply is only switched on green RX led lights when the RX PLL is locked If the RX frequency is programmed wrong the PLL won t lock and the receiver remains off Voltage regulator for PLL The presence of noise on the LPL s supply voltage would result in ex cessive phase noise unwanted modulation of the transmitter and receiver output For supply of the two PLL circuits the normal voltage regulators are not suited The TRX4S uses a simple transistor for filtering the noisy 5 volt internal supply The transistor amplifies the voltage delivered from the 5 volt supply via a lowpass filter with 0 5 Hz corner frequency TRX4S G Page 33 Power supply of the audio amplifier The operational amplifiers of the modulation and audio stages are supplied symmetrically with 5 volt The internal 5 volt is used as the ground for the amplifiers the transceiver ground is used for negative supply and a regulated voltage of 10 volt is used for positive supply The 10 volt come from a standard 5 volt regulator with its ground pin con nected to 5 volt The regulated 10 volt will also supply the LM386 audio amplifier for the speaker Switchable 90 45 MHz oscillator A stable oscillator needs approx 10 ms to start oscillating or to lock on a frequency Hen
32. aas maus ez 0000 C465 1328 08325 Rz o cn 14 e C331 o R472 467 0000 2 ee o s regne E Or eres NUM RASED 0559 09 RIED v 2 E La T T U4 41 1 8452 iac cass 8 5 60128 LEDITS LED280 LEDI 6 D ee EN o 2338 R260 TRX4S G Page 37 Location of the parts right half 745 0 0000 0715 aco Sinn e ES 218 u
33. ability of these amplifiers IP3 23 dBm 200 mW The amplifiers may be driven with up to 20 mW 1 volt rf at the antenna input without damage Power amplifier As power amplifier the Toshiba M57729 is used According to the datasheet it is capable to output 45 dBm 35 watt rf power typical values of much more have been measured With 44 dBm 25 watt transmitter output power there is enough power margin to keep the output con stant over the total frequency range The harmonic frequencies measured directly at the module output are 20 dB below the carrier 24 dBm 0 3 W Lowpass output filter and antenna switch The harmonic frequencies of the transmitter signal are suppressed by a lowpass filter The attenuation of the first harmonic frequency at 870 MHz with a third order filter is approx 60 dB This gives a total suppression of 80 dB 36 dBm 250 uW re ferred to the carrier The attenuation of the third harmonics is even better In series with the transmit signal path there is a high power pin diode which disconnects the transmitter output from the an tenna when receiving The diode is suited for rf power up to 100 watt and has a rf resistance of 0 5 Q at 30 mA control current The antenna signal passes a third order filter on its way to the receiver input When transmitting the rf from the transmitter is switched to ground with two pin diodes The high attenuation of this switch makes sure that the receiver input is not overdrive
34. al fields speaker modulation power supply antenna The user is as with any other amateur radio transmitter obliged to make sure that no person is endangered by the radio frequency power produced by the transmitter If you are not sure about the existing regulations for operating a transmitter or high frequency equipment see your local authori ties for telecommunications For Germany see the information published by Regulierungsbeh rde f r Post und Telekommunikation http www regtp de The actual German law allows everybody to own or trade with the TRX4S transceiver This is also true for using the TRX4S as receiver only If used as transmitter the responsible user has to have a permission e g amateur radio operators licence We are nor liable for any damage which might be caused by the use of the transceiver nor for erro neous information or misprints in the manual Page 36 TRX4S G SCHEMATICS PART LOCATION Location of the parts left half o 6653 548 o lize E m BI e 2 W i5 e 650 R651 8654 55 aN 51188 W 9 8 9 o 81 G2 52 mW CRIBB E Wm m O CRS28 14 0500 5 00002 0528 5 MESS o o 158 E 0659 52 Li
35. art bit LO 0 Volt 1 start bit 1 stop bit serial input pin 7 serial 9600 baud signal from remote control unit to TRX4S Idle stop bit HI 5 volt data start bit LO 0 Volt 1 start bit 1 stop bit For sending data a open collector output will do The input is de coupled to the external rs232 by a diode Note external programming via rs232 and programming via the remote control con nector cannot be done simultaneously If pin 7 is pulled to 5 volt with a resistor gt 47 the remote control unit can read the data which is transferred from the rs232 to the TRX at the se rial input of the TRX remote connector In idle state pin 7 must be open or pulled to 5 V If pulled to ground the external rs232 programming won t be possible DETAILED CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION We won t describe every stage of the circuit Most of the TRX4S circuits are common amplifiers filters or oscillators We want to explain only those circuits with special or unusual functions Reverse polarity protection the safest protection against reverse polarity of the supply voltage would be a diode in series with the supply As there would be a voltage drop of 0 3 to 0 7 volt this solution would be unfavourable We use a reverse biased parallel diode with 40 A current capability to blow the fuse Using fuses with higher current rating results in the risk to blow the diode first and so destroying the transceiver when reversing supply voltage PTT inp
36. capacitors in series Otherwise the output bandwidth would be reduced The output is dc free and decoupled by a capacitor A external dc voltage of 5 to 5 volt may be applied The frequency range of the output signal goes from few Hz to 30 kHz narrow or from 50 Hz to 100 kHz wide band mode with high impedance load The output voltage depends on the deviation of the received signals and is approximately 0 5 voltpp peak to peak 180 mVer RMS and cannot be changed adjusted Transmitter keying PTT Pin 3 The PTT pin shows 5 Volt when receiving open circuit If it is pulled to ground by the modem or by a switch the transceiver starts transmitting immediately To keep the time from PTT line going low to transmitting short this input should be pulled directly to ground without series resistors The transmitter is keyed as soon as the voltage at pin 3 goes below 2 volt The pull up resistor to 5 volt has a value of 47 kO A low pass against radio frequency inter ference with 200 kHz corner frequency is built in Carrier signal detection output RSSI DCD Pin 6 As soon as the rf input signal at the antenna input of TRX4S exceeds an adjustable level the green DCD led at the front of TRX4S lights Simultaneously pin 6 of the modem connector is pulled to ground low The rf signal level at which the RSSI DCD reacts may be adjusted by two separate trimmers for narrow and wide mode inside the TRX4S The trimmer are
37. ce all oscillators in a fast data transceiver have to oscillate permanently The problem is that the oscillators needed for generation of the transmit frequency will cause a spurious signal exactly at the receiver input frequency in simplex mode f TX f RX The problem was solved by using a TXD null oscillator The transmit frequency is generated by mixing of the constant PLL frequency with a 90 45 MHz auxiliary frequency derived from a frequency divider with a fix 60 3 MHz quartz By switching off the frequency divider the 30 15 and the tripled 90 45 MHz signal vanishes completely however all quartz oscillators remain on So there exists really no spuri ous signal at the transmit receiver frequency when receiving Diode mixers The TRX4S uses two high quality diode mixers ADE13 The local frequency input level is as high as 7 dBm 5 mW to achieve excellent large signal capability of the receiver and a high level intercept point IP3 17 dBm 50 mW Amplifiers general All rf amplifiers use monolithic amplifiers type ERAS These amplifier IC are suited for up to 3 GHz have a input and output impedance of 50 O which makes matching easy The gain of approx 20 dB per amplifier is reduced by pi attenuators between the stages to 14 to 17 dB to improve stability and matching of the amplifiers With a noise figure of 3 8 dB these amplifiers may be used as sensitive preamplifier as well but more important is the excellent large signal cap
38. changed 6 The settings are stored The file TRX4S ht which contains the settings can be found normally in C programs accessories hyperterminal and may be drag and dropped onto the desktop As soon as the symbol with the label TRX4S is clicked or double clicked Hyperterm will start with the correct settings With Windows98 and Hyperterm we did not succeed in switching the local echo on With Windows95 there was no problem TRX4S G Page 17 Commands of the TRXAS firmware 1 1 The TRX4S contains a microcontroller which communicates with the PC by a serial rs232 interface The commands which are understood by the microcontroller are explained here Every line has to end with a return character 13 The number and position of the characters within a command string has to match exactly as described here Designations n channel identifier 0 1 2 3 8 9 A D T decimal figure for transmit T and receive frequency 0 1 2 3 8 9 F operating mode N narrow all others wide N W P transmit output power 4 25 watt 3 12 watt 2 6 watt other 3 watt 1 2 3 4 the remaining characters Z K S R V and the decimal point must be used exactly as indicated Storing a record With this command a channel data record is stored in EEPROM of TRX4S After the command has been executed the record is read out immediately and returned as acknowledgement to the PC input Zn TTTT TTTT F P RRRR
39. changing this table it is possible to change the reading to Fahrenheit or other units however the displayed values have to be in the range of 0 to 255 The pins M830 M831 has to be connected by a 100 kQ resistor for temperature measurement input 50 50 The 50 command will immediately read the actual temperature value converted in Celsius This value may caused by the coarse resolution of the A D converter show steps of 3 to 5 degree For more accurate measurements you should make 10 or 100 readings and calculate the average value This makes the reading slower but quite exact In TRX4S terminal program TRX4TERM there is a floating average value calculated The most recent reading contributes only 1 to the result the contribution of the old readings is 9996 Optional If the pins M831 M832 are connected by 100 resistor you can measure the transmit ter output power instead of temperature Problem As the transmitter is not keyed permanently you will read O watt while receiving The transmit power can be displayed in dBm the calculation of the displayed value in dBm and the internal measurement uses a lookup table stored in EEPROM There are two tables in EEPROM one for temperature measurement 0400H 04FFH and one for power measurement 0300 Which of the tables is used depends on the value of a switch variable in EEPROM See EEPROM programming TRX4S G Page 19 Display firmware version n
40. djusted the divider doesn t work and there will be no 30 15 MHz signal present at the dividers output The 90 45 MHz is generated by tripling the 30 15 MHz at the output of the divider At M425 the coils L420 and L422 are adjusted to maximum signal The band filter at 90 45 MHz L415 L416 is set to maximum output too Adjustment of transmitter driver 435 MHz The mixer U430 generates the 435 MHz transmit signal which will be amplified to 0 5 watt in the 4 stage driver amplifier The attenuators between the amplifiers make sure that the amplifiers work absolutely stable with constant load and perfect matching For coarse adjustment the power regulation of the power amplifier is disabled If the regulation would be active a change in driver power would be compensated by the regulation and you could not measure a difference when tuning the driver stages Set the transmit power to level 4 25 watt and turn the corresponding trimmer R555 to maximum power Now reduce the output again by setting the power limit R560 to 5 10 watt output power at the antenna connector Now the power regulation is disabled The value of the output is now proportional to the driver input and you can do the adjust ments for the driver stages without problems Be sure to set the trimmers to the old settings after the adjustment of driver Do not turn the brass screws of the helical filters A readjustment is difficult If all filters are tuned to maximum power at c
41. dule must never protrude the base panel Use adequate washers Do not overtighten Alu minium Disassembling the printed circuit board Remove the voltage regulator and all 11 M2 5 screws Be extremely careful if the screwdriver slides out the screw s head you will destroy the SMD components nearby Finally take the board away from the panel Take care not to loose the spacers Assembly in reverse order Do not overtighten the screws The voltage regulator has to be mounted using a mica insulating and washer First reinstall the rear panel and the front panel later Finally install the nuts on the connectors and potentiometers again Adjustment of the transmit power There are 5 miniature trimmer for adjustment of transmit power Be very careful when adjusting you might damage the tiny components and the power amplifier by setting a too high power limit The trimmer have no mechanical limit it is difficult to recognise the position of the trimmer The trimmers are near the power amplifier see picture The transmit power was pre set to 3 6 12 25 watt With low supply voltages below 13 volt the maximum power of 25 watt may be not reached There exists 5 trimmer resistors R560 PWR max power limitation max power setting R557 PWRO adjust step 1 power 1 3 Watt minimum transmit power R555 PWR1 adjust step 2 power 6 Watt R554 PWR2 adjust step 3 power 12 Watt R553 PWR3 adjust step 4 power 25 Watt TRX4S G Pag
42. e 23 Adjustment transmit power Required a power meter 1 to 35 watt with 50 O dummy load is connected to the antenna connec tor of TRX4S Note even short RG58 cables will cause a significant power drop due to attenuation 1 program the power to step 4 25 Watt key the transmitter an read the power meter 2 turn PWR3 R555 to maximum clockwise position min resistance max power 3 adjust PWR max R560 for a reading of 30 watt Turning clockwise increases power The setting will limit the output power and protect the amplifier Avoid prolonged transmissions at powered above 25 watt 4 program power step 1 3 Watt key the transmitter and adjust the power to 3 watt by turning trimmer PWRO R557 Clockwise rotation increases power 5 program power step 2 6 Watt key the transmitter and adjust the power to 6 watt by turning trimmer PWR1 R553 6 program power step 3 12 Watt key the transmitter and adjust the power to 12 watt by turning trimmer PWR2 R554 7 program power step 4 25 Watt key the transmitter and adjust the power to 25 watt by turning trimmer PWR3 R555 R560 PWRO defines the lowest possible power at step 1 3 watt Power below 2 3 watt may be difficult to set With step 2 3 and 4 6 12 and 25 w you may set any powers between 3 and 25 watt as desired e g 3 6 9 and 18w The output power is regulated and constant within 0 5 dB over the total frequency range of TRX4S transmi
43. e order first to last 1 Bit not used 9 Bit 7 segment DP 2 Bit not used 10 Bit 7 segment g 3 Bit not used 11 Bit 7 segment f 4 Bit not used 12 Bit 7 segment e 5 Bit power level 4 13 Bit 7 segment d 6 Bit power level 3 14 Bit 7 segment c 7 Bit power level 2 15 Bit 7 segment b 8 Bit mode narrow 16 Bit 7 segment a If only one 8 bit shift register is used the bits 1 to 8 of the information are lost The register will show only the last 8 bit 9 to 16 which can be used for a external 7 segment display In most of the appli cations the bits 1 8 are not necessary and may be omitted A BCD to 7 segment decoder is not necessary as the 7 segment patterns are stored in and generated by the microcontroller of TRX4S With bits 5 to 8 you may control LED s to display the current output power level and wide narrow mode The bits are sent with approx 100 kbit s in a synchronous mode 11 0 us per bit To built a simple decoder you may copy the shift register circuit of TRX4S Page 32 TRX4S G serial asynchronous 9600 baud interface for programming etc Using pins 6 serial output and pin 7 serial input you can execute all commands of TRX4S as described on page 18 The interface is parallel to the external rs232 interface but the signal levels are different voltages referred to pin 10 ground serial output pin 6 serial 9600 baud signal from TRX to remote control unit Idle stop bit HI 5 volt data st
44. ed over temperature protection or use of unsuited rf load e g open antenna connector bad SWR high input level at receiver input damage of the preamplifier Destruction of serial interface caused by over voltage at rs232 connector Destruction of the audio signal amplifiers caused by over voltage at data connector Destruction of the audio power amplifier caused by over voltage short circuit at the speaker connector Destruction of components caused by over voltage at the REMOTE connector kind of mechanical damage The warranty period is 1 year from purchase excluded are damages caused by the customer Please give us a detailed description of the failure and what has happened before the failure oc curred The repair could be done faster and more easy We hope you enjoy the use of the TRX4S high speed data transceiver TRX4S G Page 41 INDEX 10 volt external supply 10V Pin 5 12 60 3 MHz oscillator 27 29 7 segment display 30 7 segment display 35 90 45 MHz oscillator 34 A D converter 25 35 ac filtering of supply 12 acknowledge of record 18 adapter rj45 15 adapter rj45 sub d 16 adjust 90 45 MHz stages 29 adjust driver stages 435 MHz 29 adjust lowpass filter 30 adjust of VCO centre frequency 28 adjust quadrature coil 28 adjust TX power 24 adjusting the 60 3 MHz oscillator 28 adjustment of referencequartz 27 adjustment of transmit power 23 adjustments 21 AF bandw
45. entre frequency you will find a significant power drop at the ends of the band Try to adjust the filters in a way to achieve flat response over the total frequency range but steep edges at the band limits After the adjustment to maximum power at centre frequency turn one of the three filters some MHz up and one some MHz down to get a flat response within the total frequency range and a sharp cut off at the frequency limits Trimmers C455 and C467 are set to maximum output at centre frequency After successful coarse adjustment re set the power limit and regulation back to the previous value For fine adjustment of the amplifiers you won t need a wattmeter If the power regulating trimmers are Set to 3 6 12 25 watt with a limit at 30 watt the measurement of the regulated bias supply of the driver stage in the module will do Program the power range to level 2 or 3 6 or 12 watt and meas ure the voltage at the middle pin of IC U560 voltage regulator at the base plate next to the amplifier module The lower the voltage the lower is the amplification of the driver to achieve the selected output level and the higher the driver stage power level Adjust the drivers now to minimum reading of the regulated bias voltage at U560 If the power regulation doesn t work stable at low power levels 3 watt the driver power might be too high Reduce driver power by setting the filters of the driver stages off resonance TRX4S G Page 29 Adjustment of fina
46. gg o 8 1053 mo m 0533 8 Ya TRX4S C 3 P rum 435MHz Data Transceiver x on SYMEK GmbH Nc c2 Kumm p m 7 M639 1557 om eie 7556 Tel 711 7678925 ae es 635 m M R760 8 ulFesumek com 52 W W Gite si ee L638 Mi gt M TS 584 Rezo CRG2D 2 1998 seed M ee F75E 9 dy 188 x 160 E yis s 5 ld sue EAT 2622 z R554 0000 ind ve ucom Lu L325 1521 1596 py 0558 654 P wy 0562 cem gt e e 0325 1510 Led Led 0550 5 SPASTE 0 e RSSB 00 08205 CR308 5 TT R
47. he comma are allowed as well The TRX4S interprets only the least significant bits of the figures of the frequencies The input 430 25000 instead of 0430 2500 not correct It will not cause an error but leads to an un wanted result The following input errors are recognised ERROR 1 Line length over 27 characters ERROR 2 Command line length has not exactly 4 characters length ERROR 3 Unknown command with 4 characters length not Z V S R K as first character ERROR 4 Unknown command string with 27 characters length Z is not the first character ERROR 5 EEPROM address or EEPROM byte no correct hexadecimal code ERROR 6 EEPROM address exceeds 07FFH Page 20 TRX4S G SERVICE ADJUSTMENTS Programming of EEPROM memory The EEPROM contains a list with the records for the 16 channels information about the last selected channel number four lookup tables for conversion of s meter and temperature measurement and a flag for switching the temperature and output power tables The records containing the channel frequency information should be written with the normal user command znz the lookup tables should remain unchanged For special applications it is possible to access the EEPROM directly e g for the first set up There exists a command for writing every byte into each address of EEPROM Definition XXXX EEPROM address hexadecimal value range 0000 to 07FF YY EEPROM data 1 byte hexadecimal value range 00 to FF POKE w
48. he power amplifier module you find a SOT23 miniature temperature sensor Via the A D con verter the temperature of this sensor can be displayed by software Further there exists a circuit which will shut down the transmitter when overheated If the PTT input is pulled to ground and the red TX led doesn t light check if there is a overheating condition If the transmitter is cold an alternative cause might be that the PLL doesn t lock because of a wrong programmed frequency The temperature protection is set to 62 2 C When increasing this limit there is a risk of overheat ing and damage Especially the power amplifier module may be damaged by excessive temperature Inside the TRX4S you find a miniature trimmer for adjusting the maximum permissible temperature Be very careful when adjusting The trimmer has no mechanical stop and the position cannot be recognised optically The trimmer R832 is located behind the audio and the squelch pot between two filters see picture Setting the temperature limit The temperature sensor is pre calibrated So it is sufficient to measure the output voltage of the sensor to determine the temperature For more precise adjustments a oven would be required You need a high impedance voltmeter Measure the voltage at Pin 2 of U250 right top or at the tap of trimmer R832 left top Adjust the following settings
49. he transceiver by a 10 kHz lowpass filter Temperature sensor and over temperature protect At the power amplifier module s mounting Screw there is a tiny KTY92 temperature sensor with a nominal resistance of 2000 Q at 25 C The temperature coefficient of this semiconductor sensor is 7 9 10 Hence at 70 C the resistance increases to 2780 Q the voltage across the voltage divider R830 U830 rises accordingly As soon as the voltage reaches the value set by trimmer R832 the op amp U250 pulls the transmit enable signal to ground via transistor Q835 and disables the transmitter immediately After cooling down the transmitter returns back to normal operation Channel display The channel number is displayed by a 7 segment display TDSR3160 common cathode With 1 5 kO segment resistors the total current is 4 to 16 mA depending on the figure displayed The display is controlled by a 8 bit serial parallel converter shift register the 7 segment code is stored in the microcontroller firmware EEPROM The 8 pin SMD EEPROM has a storage capability of 16 k Bit 2048 byte The addresses from 0000H to 017FH are used for storing the 16 frequency records 0200H to OSFFH contains the TRX4S G Page 35 lookup tables for measuring conversion The EEPROM is accessed by a 2 wire interface The firm ware allows to read from and write to any address by the PEEK and POKE commands REGULATIONS ETC All copyrights on firmware PCB layout and sche
50. hes are open and the output is disabled Pin 4 is dc decoupled by 470 Q resistor in series with a 22 uF capacitor Data input modulation The data input Pin 1 goes to two low pass amplifiers with different corner frequencies for wide and narrow The outputs are switched to the modulating circuits when trans mitting In receive mode the modulation is disabled Otherwise the reference oscillator which is used for reception too would be affected by the data in signal causing interference to the receive data Squelch The AF noise of the narrow demodulator is filtered at 11 kHz and rectified with CR739 If the noise amplitude exceeds a certain value which can be set with the squelch pot R733 the audio signal is switched to ground by an analogue switch Audio amplifier The control speaker is driven by the amplifier IC LM386 With 10 volt supply volt age this amplifier delivers 0 7 Watt into a 8 O load The built in speaker is disconnected if an external Speaker jack is plugged in Comparator for rf DCD The RSSl signals of the two receivers are compared to an adjustable dc voltage trigger level The output of one of the comparators controls only the green led RSSI DCD the other is the pin 6 of the data connector The trimmer for setting the DCD trigger and the RSSI outputs of the if amplifiers are switched by analogue switches A D converter for RSSI temperature and power measurement The microcontroller possesses two analogue
51. icient to access only one of the two keys pressing 15 times up has the same effect as pressing down once TRX4S G Page 9 CONNECTORS Connector for modem or TNC On the rear side of TRX4S you find a 6 pin mini DIN connector for connection of a packet radio controllers TNC or other modems The pins are assigned as follows Pin 1 modulator output of TNC Pin 2 ground Pin 3 PTT Pin 4 data input of TNC Pin 5 10 volt current limited Pin 6 RSSI DCD output 6 pin Mini DIN connector outside view to the case Cable between TRX4S and TNC The wiring of all 5 pin DIN connectors of SYMEK TNC is the same Pin 1 modulator output of TNC Pin 2 ground Pin 3 PTT Pin 4 data input of TNC Pin 5 not connected 5 pin DIN connector at TNC The cable between TNC and TRX4S has to be as follows TRX4S Signal TNC 6 pin mini DIN 5 pin DIN Pin 1 modulation Pin 1 Pin 2 ground Pin 2 Pin 3 PTT Pin 3 Pin 4 demodulator Pin 4 Pin 5 RSSI DCD N C Pin 6 10 V N C Page 10 TRX4S G Signals from and to the modem Description of the inputs and outputs of the data connector of TRX4S All signals refer to ground Pin 2 Modulation input Data in Pin 1 Here the data output of the modem is connected The radio is adjusted that the proper modulation deviation is reached at 0 5 volt peak to peak modulating voltage equals 180 mV effective This is valid for 9600 19200 baud
52. icture view the adapter from the rear side 1 rj45 pin 3 black wire goes to sub d 9 pin 2 or sub d 25 pin 3 Signal RxD from TRX4S to PC 2 rj45 pin 4 red wire goes to sub d 9 pin 5 or sub d 25 pin 7 Signal ground 3 145 pin 6 yellow wire goes to sub d 9 pin or sub d 25 2 Signal TxD from PC to TRX4S 4 cut the remaining wires directly at the 145 connector pins 12 blue 2 orange 5 green 7 brown and 8 white grey You will need them for wiring the hardware handshake lines of sub d connector 5 click all 8 wires into the sub d connector body Caution as soon as you hear the click the jack cannot be removed again 5a For 9 pin female sub d you put green in pin 1 black in 2 yellow in 3 grey white in 4 red in 5 brown in 6 blue in 7 and orange in 8 9 remains empty 5b For 25 pin female sub d you put yellow in 2 black in 3 orange in 4 blue in 5 brown in 6 red in 7 green in 8 and white grey in 20 All others remain empty 6 short circuit the hardware handshake by removing the insulation of the 5 open ended wires and solder the blue and orange wires together 7 solder the brown green and grey white wires together 8 use heat shrink tube to insulate the bare wire joints and complete the adapter by closing the case Make sure the rj45 block is completely latched in the adapter case Terminal programs set up The serial interface COM of PC has to be set up as follows 9600 bits charac
53. idth 14 amateur radio operators 36 amateur radio transmitters 36 ambient temperature 15 Amiga 8 amplifiers 34 analogue switch 35 antenna 6 antenna connector open 41 antenna switch 14 34 Apple 8 ASCII configuration Hyperterm 17 assembly 23 Atari 7 attempt to repair 41 audio amplifier 14 34 35 audio input voltage 26 base panel 23 baudrate 7 35 buttons up and down 32 BZT approval 36 Cable data 10 cable PC TRX4S 15 calibration tables 30 capacitor 12v supply 12 car battery supply 12 Carrier detection RSSI DCD 11 carrier suppression TX 15 case opening 22 CB 12v power supplies 12 CE sign 36 channel data record 18 channel display 35 channel identifier 18 channel selection 8 19 channel settings 8 channel spacing 14 channel selection 6 charge pump 35 check of record syntax 18 Page 42 com interface 7 command 8 commands of TRX4S firmware 18 commercial use 36 communication between terminal and transceiver 8 comparator for rf DCD 35 compensation 26 config file of terminal program 16 configuration file TERM cfg 16 connect via Hyperterm 17 connecting cable TNC TX 10 connection of remote control 6 control voltage VCO 28 controller 30 conversion tables 21 CONVERSION VOLT WATT DBM 46 cooling 15 copyright 36 corner frequency modulation 35 current channel 8 19 damage 36 damage of the preamplifier 41 damage mechanical 41 data connector 6 data input modulation
54. irs Page 22 TRX4S G If it is necessary to disassemble the TRX4S proceed as follows PONS The heatsink may be removed or not Remove cover with speaker Remove all nuts of audio and squelch pots and of all connectors Remove 7 screws at front and side and pull the U shaped front panel gently towards you The perforations in the front panel are etched with 0 05 mm precision and there is no margin Take extreme care not to bend the panel The corners of the U shaped side panels must not be bent otherwise the panel may break Put the to a safe place Remove the remaining 3 screws on the rear side poll the rear panel gently away Do not bend The TRX4S must not be operated transmit mode without base panel There exists the risk to overheat the power amplifier module or the voltage regulator When adjusting the TRX4S the influence of the base panel was considered capacity and screening effect With correct ad justed over temperature protection the TRX4S may be operated for tests without case at full power as long as the base plate is correctly installed Replacing the power amplifier Unsolder the 5 pins remove all solder and pull wire gently up Remove the two M4 screws of the module and pull it to the side out If the module is too tight loosen the M2 5 screws around the module To reinstall the amplifier execute the steps in re verse order The pins of a new amplifier have to be cut to 5 6 mm The mounting screws of the mo
55. isa 0185 n a C818 T Tas Mies 00 018 T amp mu mm EE s THEE 0140 R8I2 RID me i ng Ore 122 017 EE 1712 MIL rm 01000000 0000000 m 00000 m RF 706 n FI7BI Dem ee mmu Taig WP RIZI oe m m we 261 i n P 76 712 z S e m w amp aa a Wn ai R264 54826 5 meg mE C p m Hi R727 232 e 1250 mn 21 E F lm 6 9992 Er W X 27776 E ig 5 9 2e E 5 gt at ve m wW LenS E 010 R253 3 gt put 0618 4L m Ww l 1721 B32 zs WP 8312 M831 89 wx ze 4L n C831 es m EM ole jm al C403 406 4 asg ie Jis wmm E ee DE 087 co n 1406 E ps se ve d 69326 ars NN lt m Las i 1416 4 E 1 u 52 M es 22 m BNaevesss m m R327 Ir E
56. l amplifier and lowpass filter The 5 coils L523 L528 L530 L532 and L545 are part of the 3 stage lowpass filter and the transmit receive antenna switch with the pin diodes CR541 CR545 and CR528 Adjustment of these filters is not necessary The attenuation of the filters in the pass band cannot be reduced The harmonics of the transmitter are sufficiently suppressed and cannot be reduced by changing the filters The same is true for the coils L530 and L545 in the receiver input path Update of firmware If it becomes necessary to change the firmware stored in the microcontroller gently pull the 18 pin IC U800 out of the socket and insert the controller with the new firmware Disabling the 7 segment display The current drain of the 7 segment display is approximately 15 mA the complete receiver needs approx 250 mA Directly in front of the display you find a jumper to disconnect the display power supply to save 15 mA Switching temperature power reading The microcontroller of TRX4S has two analogue inputs One of them is used for measurement of the RSSI voltage the other is normally used for reading the voltage across the temperature sensor but can be set to power measurement as well Problem you may read the temperature at any time But measuring the transmit power makes only sense if the transmitter is keyed while measuring As the PTT is controlled only by the attached packet controller which does not communicate with the T
57. l suppression below 70 dB c Transient emissions at keying with 10 Hz 50 ms TX 50 ms RX 40 dB adjacent channel 50 dB 500 kHz from carrier 60 dB 2 MHz distance referred to carrier and channel bandwidth wide Interface cable for serial rs232 interface The serial cable to the computer supplied with TRX4S You plug it into the 9 pin male connector of the PC The cables and con nections are the same as used with TNC31S For serial rs232 interfaces modern com puters uses the small 8 pin rj45 connectors instead of the bulky 25 pin sub d types Cables and adapters are available in most computer hardware shops everywhere Here some explanation to this new tech nique rj45 transmit data from TRX4S to computer output of the TRX4S TRXAS 8 rj45 pin 6 transmit data from the computer to TRX4S input of 1 2 34 5 6 78 TRX4S rj45 pins 4 5 common ground As the rj45 connector is not soldered to a cable but fixed by using a special tool the cable cannot be made by hand But there are inex pensive ready made cables available in every computer shop They are called ISDN cable available screened or without screening PUE o o o o ISDN 50 bus cable for German ISDN standard wall outlets For expansion of the cable length there are small adapters available RJ Connector rear view with a female contact at each end Sometimes the
58. matics of TRX4S are reserved to SYMEK GmbH or Ing B ro Kumm Stuttgart Parts of the circuit are covered by patents pending Parts of this manual may be published if there is a reference in the bibliography It is our concern to contribute to packet radio by offering new and powerful equipment and to inspire many radio ama teurs by this fascinating technique When properly used the TRX4S complies with the regulations of German EMVG and bears the CE sign A German BZT approval which would be necessary for commercial use does not exist So the use of the transceiver is limited to licensed amateur radio operators as transmitter The user will need special knowledge on electronics and communication techniques for operating the transceiver as it is demanded to pass the amateur operators licence exam The transceiver and the description are not made to be used by people without technical knowledge For proper use it is necessary to connect the transceiver to a suited power supply to connect a Suited signal source for modulation which meets the requirements described in this manual to connect a suited antenna with according feeding cables For not to deteriorate the EMV values you must connect only those subassemblies to the remote control connector which are recommended by the manufacturer additional modules have to be connected using the original connectors Make sure that the cables connected are not interfered by strong electro magnetic
59. mode settings remain unchanged until the current channel is selected again see above Selecting the current channel With this command one of the 16 possible channels is selected to be the current channel The channel number display the transmit and receive frequency mode and power are changed accord ing to the newly selected channel The number of the channel is stored immediately The command has the same effect as changing the current channel by pressing the up and down keys input KX n reply Kn TTTT TTTT P RRRR RRRR Reading the current channel number With this command the number of the current channel is read out input KX reply KX n Reading the s meter signal strength The antenna rf input voltage is read in dB with reference to 1 mW dBm The calculation of the displayed value in dBm and the internal measurement uses a lookup table stored in EEPROM There exists two separate tables for narrow and wide mode the RSSlI voltages are derived from two different if demodulators for each mode The minus sign is omitted so a display of 90 means 90 dBm input RO reply RO DDD Temperature display output power The temperature of the transmitter power amplifier is measured by a sensor and can be checked via the serial interface The temperature is displayed directly in degree Celsius The calculation of the displayed value in Celsius and the internal measurement uses a lookup table stored in EEPROM By
60. n or even damaged by the high power transmitter levels In most transceivers only one diode is used for keeping the transmitter power away from the receiver input which results in a much stronger rf signal at the sensitive preamplifier input Transmit power regulation Directly at the power amplifier module output the rf is rectified by a capacitor and fast low capacity Schottky diode The rectified rf voltage is filtered and controls via a dc amplifier and a switchable voltage divider the reference input of a programmable voltage regulator LM317T which supplies the drivers When rf output power drops the voltage across the divider decreases and the supply voltage of the drivers increases to give more power With 4 trimmers the voltage divider can be switched to program one of 4 pre set power levels When in receive mode the voltage divider is pulled to 5 volt to shut down the driver supply completely VCO circuit The VCO frequency is generated with a newly developed IC giving a signal with per fect spectral purity at a high power level For inductor there is no coil used but a semi rigid resonator This avoids interference and acoustic mechanical influences to the VCO tank circuit and has better temperature stability compared to wounded coils Page 34 TRX4S G Data output demodulation The outputs of the both demodulators wide narrow are selected by an analogue switch to pin 4 of the data connector When transmitting both switc
61. narrow as well as for 76 153 kbaud wide band mode The deviation can be adjusted with trimmers inside the TRX4S but we recommend to adjust the proper output level at the modem The input impedance of TRX4S is 22 If you have capacitors in series with this input make sure they have a capacity of 22 uF or more Otherwise the low frequencies are not properly modulated The input is free from dc so an additional coupling capacitor is not necessary and even disadvanta geous The dc voltage across the modulation input may vary from 5 to 5 volt If higher voltages are present connect a additional capacitor in series The frequency range of the modulating signal reaches from 5 to 10000 Hz narrow mode and from 50 Hz to 90 kHz wideband mode The spectrum outside this range is suppressed by the modulation amplifier The lowpass filters are switched automatically according to the wide narrow selection Receiver output Data out Pin 4 The TRX4S uses two different if amplifiers and demodulators for narrow and wideband operation According to the setting one of these two outputs is switched to pin 4 data out of the modem con nector The demodulator outputs are buffered by a lowpass amplifier and have a very low output impedance The output resistance is 2200 in series with a 22 uF capacitor With an external load of 1 this results in a low corner frequency of approximately 10 Hz Do not connect a modem with lower im pedance or add
62. nected to ground pin 8 supplies 5 volt from the internal voltage regulator of TRX4S The maximum permissible current drawn is 150 mA The reference oscillator 12 800 MHz is present at pin 9 Here you may attach a frequency counter for adjusting the transceiver frequency reference but the buffered signal may be used for supplying a clock to an external processor of a remote control circuitry A separate oscillator for such a circuit should be avoided as this may cause additional interfering spectral lines within the receivers fre quency range Push button functions up and down for channel selection The signals for switching the channels up and down are accessible at the remote control connector pins 4 down and 5 up Note the keys are not switched to ground but to 5 volt 3 wire interface for output of 7 segment display power setting mode With every channel change a 16 bit word is output at the three pins 1 data 2 clock and 3 en able Here normally a shift register serial in parallel out e g 74HC595 is connected After output of a hi or low signal at pin 1 data this information is shifted into the register by a low to high transi tion of the pin 2 clock After all 16 bit have been output in that way the total information is latched with the rising edge of the pin 3 enable line Now all 16 bit are available at the parallel output of the shift registers Here the description of the 16 bit shown in consecutiv
63. ng all 16 records 18 reading the current channel number 19 reading the s meter 19 rear of TRX4S 10 rear panel 23 receive frequency setting 8 receive only regulations 36 receiver of the remote station 26 receiver output Data out 11 receiver supply voltage 33 record 8 18 reference oscillator 14 26 reference quartz 27 reference quartz modulation 27 reference receiver 27 Regulations 36 Regulierungsbeh rde f r Post und Telekommunikation 36 remote control connector 32 35 remote control interface 33 Remote Control connector 12 removing the board 23 repair 22 41 replacement of power amplifier 23 reversed power supply damage 41 rf signal input level 25 rf signal level DCD 11 rf carrier detect 25 rf DCD 35 rf measurement rectifier 30 rj45 connector 7 roll over cable rj45 16 rs232 interface 35 RSSI radio signal strength indicator 25 RSSI DCD 10 RSSI DCD led 25 RSSI DCD LED 11 RSSI DCD trigger 11 RSSl signals 35 Page 44 RX on delay 14 50 isdn bus cable 15 schematics 39 Schottky diode 34 selectivity 14 semi rigid resonator 34 sensitivity receiver 14 sensor temperature 19 35 serial interface 15 serial async 9600 baud interface 33 serial interface COM port of PC 7 serial number 20 service adjustments 21 setting of modulation 26 setting of rf carrier detection 25 setting of temperature limit 25 setting of the 2 point modulation 26 setting temperature limit 25 setting the current channel 19
64. oen E DIE EE ERI CONNECTION OF THE INTERFACE OPERATION WITH THE PROGRAM TRXA4TERM EXE esses 7 OPERATION USING A TERMINAL PROGRAM sene rrr rrr rrr rr 7 PROGRAMMING THE CHANNELS I Ie en nn n nn nnn 8 SELECTING THE CHANNELS UP DOWN KEYS mme enne 8 CONNECTORS Eee ME IE E 10 CONNECTOR FOR MODEM OR n een nn nnn nnn n 10 Cable between Gnd 10 Signals TOM GNA to the modem vere PER RURAL 11 REMOTE CONTROL CONNECTOR iii iiid ied en HY Reda eR E e Y dla cda 12 POWER SUPPLY FUSES sna nns 12 OPERATING HINT S pedet 13 TX Del ysetingi v uU 13 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION nenna 14 TECHNICAL DATA OF TRX4S VALID FOR 1999 VERSION C OF PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD 14 INTERFACE CABLE FOR SERIAL 85232 INTERFACE 15 TERMINAL PROGRAMS enm 16 Configuration of TERM 10 36 ms dos program by 16 Configuration of Terminal Windows 3 11 sess nennen 17 Configuration of Hyperterm 4 95 9 17 COMMANDS OF THE TRX4S FIRMWARE 1 1 18 TC ONE 18 18 Reading all records
65. order to reduce additional noise The trimmers can be found behind the mini DIN connector see picture For best setting in narrow mode adjust R241 so that you measure 0 6 at point M250 For best setting in wide mode adjust R211 so that you measure 4 0 at point M250 Alternatively you can use a test receiver with deviation meter to set directly the correct deviation Note too much input voltage causes excessive deviation on the transmit signal This will cause problems due to distortion at the receiving station if the bandwidth of the receiver is smaller as those of the transmitted signal Adjustment of the modulation compensation The transmitter of TRX4S is modulated using a two point modulation circuit The high frequency 010 5 es erue parts of the modulating signal is applied directly to 2 the varicap diode of transmitter VCO the low sie frequency parts will also modulate the reference m ot the input signal and that modulation down to very low audio frequencies is possible ele oscillator So it can be made sure that the PLL eie T does not compensate the low frequency parts of e e ig R312 C831 With trimmer R253 you may adjust the ratio of the caa two modulation indices for the two modulators mn 9 8 LIT You find it between the 7 segment display and
66. plifiers 34 new connect Hyperterm 17 noise at the PLL supply 33 noise figure 34 number of current channel 8 oscillator frequency drift 27 output impedance data out 11 output power 18 34 output power display 19 output power measurement 30 output power TX 15 output voltage 11 overheating 25 overheating the power amplifier 23 overload at rf input 34 over temperature protect 14 23 35 41 over voltage 41 packet rate 14 packet radio controller 26 packet radio controller TNC 10 parallel diode 33 part location 37 patents 36 peek read byte in EEPROM 21 permission 36 phase response of if filter 28 pi attenuator 34 pin 6 of modem connector 11 pin diode 34 pin diode antenna switch 33 poke write to EEPROM 21 polarity reverse protect 33 polarity supply voltage 12 potentiometer 23 power 24 power amplifier 24 34 power amplifier replacement 23 Page 43 power consumption 30 power display 30 power drain supply 14 power limitation 23 power margin 34 power regulation TX 15 power supply 12 14 power cycle 8 power on 8 preamplifier 34 prefix number Hyperterm 17 printed circuit board 23 printed circuit board version 5 programming 14 programming of EEPROM 21 protocol Hyperterm 17 PTT 10 PTT input 33 pulse edge 27 pulse flatness 27 push button 6 quadrature coil adjust 28 quartz oscillators 27 ratio of modulation 26 reaction time for transmitter keying 11 reading a record 18 readi
67. pre adjusted for detection of signals TRX4S G Page 11 exceeding 0 5 uV antenna input voltage in narrow and wideband mode Note If much noise is pres ent at the receiver input QRM QRN or by additional noise of a preamplifier the trigger level of RSSI DCD has to be adjusted to higher levels The output is an open collector output capable to switch up to 16 mA to ground The maximal per missible voltage is 30 Volt Caution this output is not protected against overload 10 volt external supply 10V Pin 5 For supply of external low power circuitry the internal 10 volt supply is present at pin 6 of the 6 pin mini DIN connector To avoid damage by overload or short circuit a resistor of 600 Q is in series with the output So the current drawn is limited to few mA A microphone amplifier or similar circuitry may be supplied from this output without problems Avoid permanent short circuit of the output The short circuit current is 10v 6000 16 mA Remote Control connector Here you may connect a remote control circuitry The following control functions are accessible via this connector power supply ground 5 volt serial interface 5 Volt RS232 for remote control up and down keys 3 wire interface for 7 segment display and mode display power narrow wide 12 800 000 MHz ttl output of the reference oscillator Power supply fuses The power is applied via the 2 wire cable supplied with the TRX4S The 2 pin connector is
68. re 30 updates 5 up key at power on 18 TRX4S G uppercase 20 use of TRX4S proper 36 user 36 user error 41 varicap diode 26 VCO centre adjust 28 VCO of transmitter 26 VCO circuit 34 version number 8 version of printed circuit 14 voltage regulator for PLL 33 voltage regulator LM317T 34 voltage regulator overheat 23 volume 6 VT52 Emulator 7 warranty 41 western connector 16 wideband mode RX 14 wire diameter cross section 12 wrong frequencies 18 Z command 18 Page 45 CONVERSION VOLT WATT DBM U P 500 dB uV dBm S Meter 0 05 uV 50E 18 W 26 dB uV 133 dBm S 0 6 dB 0 1 uV 200E 18 W 20 dB uV 127 dBm 50 0 2 uV 800E 18 W 14 dB uV 121 dBm S1 0 5 uV SE 15 W 6 dB uV 113 dBm S 2 3 1 20 15 W 107 dBm 53 3 2 80E 15 W 6 dB uV 101 dBm 54 3 5 500 15 W 14 dB uV 93 dBm S 5 6 10 2E 12 W 20 dB uV 87 dBm S 6 6 20 uV 8E 12 W 26 dB uV 81 dBm 57 6 50 uV 50 11 W 34 dB uV 73 dBm 59 100 uV 200E 10 W 40 dB uV 67 dBm 59 6 dB 200 uV 800E 10 W 46 dB uV 61 dBm S9 12 dB 500 uV SE 9 34 dB uV 53 dBm S9 20 dB 1mV 20E 09 W 40 dB 47 dBm S9 26 dB 2mV 80E 09 66 dB uV 41 dBm S9 32 dB 5mV 500E 9 W 74 dB uV 33 dBm S9 40 dB 10 mV 2E 6 W 80 dB uV 27 dBm S9 46 dB 20 mV 8 6 W 86 dB uV 21 dBm S9
69. rite byte to EEPROM command XXXX YY YY will be stored at address XXXX of EEPROM reply XXXX YY contents of address is YY PEEK read byte in EEPROM command XXXX read address XXXX of EEPROM reply XXXX YY contents of address is YY EEPROM memory map Address decimal description 0000 0017 0 23 24 Byte ASCII 0 e g 0433 7000 N 2 0433 7000 0018 002F 2447 24 Byte ASCII chan 1 e g 0434 2125 W 2 0434 2125 etc until 0168 017F 0180 360 383 24 Byte ASCII chan F e g 0433 7000 N 2 0433 7000 384 number of the channel which was selected last 00 to OF 0181 385 table select 00 temperature or 01 power table is used 0182 01FF 386 511 manufacturer s information etc do not alter 0200 02FF 512 767 conversion table for meter narrow mode 0300 03FF 768 1023 conversion table for meter wide mode 0400 04FF 1024 1279 conversion table for power temperature used when 0181H 01H 0500 05FF 1280 1535 conversion table for power temperature used when 0181H 00H 0600 07FF 1536 2048 free memory space may be used by external software Useful formulas see page 46 Zo 50 Ui voltage across Zo in volt Pags power in dBm 2 a U In x U 100 pP 10 log log x 0 5 Z 1 W e 1 10 TRX4S G Page 21 srerrrerer Opening the case Before one of the following adjustments is done you have to open
70. rror frequency suppression 506 MHz and 364 MHz gt 70 dB Signal detection rf DCD two narrow wide separately adjustable triggers show if a rf signal is present RX on delay Delay from PTT until reception lt 2us Wideband mode selectivity 300 kHz gt 60 dB stop band gt 110 dB AF bandwidth 50 Hz to 80 kHz dynamic range 120 dBm 0 2 uV to 40 dBm 2 mV Narrow mode Page 14 TRX4S G selectivity 35 kHz gt 90 dB stop band gt 110 dB AF bandwidth 10 Hz to 10 kHz dynamic range 125 dBm 0 1 uV to 50 dBm 1 mV Transmitter Output power programmable 3 6 12 25 watt at 500 with supply voltage below 13 v only 20 watt Efficiency typ 5 5 A 13 V 75 watt input at 25 w output n 35 Duty cycle depending on ambient temperature and cooling conditions a average transmitter power of 12 watt 25 Watt at 5096 duty cycle is allowed Permanent 10096 transmission at full power requires forced air cooling fan Power regulation the output power is kept constant to 0 2 dB within the total frequency range Mod input 0 5 at 22 separate low pass amplifiers for wide and narrow mode Wideband mode audio bandwidth 30 Hz to 80 kHz TX delay PTT low to full output power 1 dB 50 us Narrow mode audio bandwidth 5 Hz to 15 kHz TX delay 100 us Carrier suppression at the transmit frequency when in receive mode infinite no spurious signal present Harmonic and spurious signa
71. ted to one of the two COM ports Connection of two TRX4S at COM1 and COMe at the same time is possi ble The hardware handshake of the COM interfaces have to be fully wired it is not sufficient to connect only TxD RxD and ground see page 15 Important do not start TRX4TERM if one of the com ports is busy with another terminal program With TRX4TERM you can do the following settings check and set the current channel number read and set all frequencies power and mode read the s meter and display it as bar graph read the temperature or output power and display it as bar graph read the firmware version number and serial number of the transceiver read store and write the EEPROM contents calibration of temperature signal strength and power reading Do not switch off the transceiver when the TRX4TERM program is running Operation using a terminal program For all settings of TRX4S you may use a standard terminal program instead of TRX4TERM as well The serial rs232 interface COM port of your PC has to configured as follows parity bits character 8 Xon Xoff protocol RTX CTS handshake off stop bits How to set these parameters depends on the program used On the supplied disc you find a simple program TERM which can be used for TRX4S without further configuration For Atari you can use the VT52 emulator on the accessory disc TRX4S G Page 7 Connect TRX4S to the serial com port of your compu
72. temperature controlled quartz oven or counters with external synchronisation to a radio frequency standard DCF77 WWV etc The frequency of the reference oscillator may be measured at pin 7 of the microcontroller IC or without opening the case at pin 9 of the REMOTE connector With trimmer R312 see picture the frequency may be adjusted to 12 800 000 Hz exactly The TRX4S should be in receive mode and no modulation signal must be applied Adjust the frequency to 1 Hz precision which corresponds to 30 40 Hz error at 480 MHz operating frequency Alternatively you may measure the frequency of one of the both VCO Program any frequency e g 435 000 MHz and subtract the if frequency of 71 000 MHz The resulting RX VCO frequency e g 364 000 MHz can be measured at M639 behind the antenna connector see picture output power adjust upper right TRX4S G Page 27 Do not adjust the reference oscillator by measuring the transmit frequency only as this frequency depends on the precision of the other oscillator as well Adjustment of the local 60 3 MHz oscillator After precisely adjusting the reference quartz to 12 8 MHz you 5 may adjust now the 60 3 MHz oscillator by measuring the trans t eie n output frequency Tuning coil L400 see picture compen eLo sation this oscillator frequency can be set within a narrow 11 9 mi range to the correct reading The 1 5 fold of the quartz frequency vie
73. ter 8 Xon Xoff protocol RTS CTS handshake How to set these parameters depends on your terminal program In most cases the setting is stored in a configuration file and restored automatically when starting the program Configuration of TERM 10 36 ms dos program by DL5FBD On the disc which is supplied with TRX4S you find a simple terminal program TERM exe and the corresponding configuration file TERM cfg You may run the program directly from the disc It uses with the term cfg the following settings Page 16 TRX4S G COM Port e 1 baudrate g 9600 word length Wortlange h 8 parity Paritat i K keine stop bits j 1 handshake k K kein duplex echo H Halbduplex Echo ON character guard time Zeichenschutzzeit u 25 ms linefeed guard time Zeilenschutzzeit 250 ms With the ALT P key the configuration may be changed easily With the r key the changed settings may be stored in term cfg permanently It has been found that the program behaves somewhat different with linefeed on different computers Configuration of Terminal Windows 3 11 With Windows 3 11 comes a terminal program called simply Terminal Find it on your hard disk as C Windows Terminal exe and execute the following settings maybe the English version of Windows Terminal uses other expressions as expect 1 menu settings data transfer is set to COM2 9600 baud 8 bit no parity no
74. ter and run TERM simply directly from the disc TERM is ready configured to use COM1 as serial port To use it with COM2 press ALT P E 2 return escape This setting can be stored by pressing R before return Otherwise TERM will use COM1 when started again Now switch power of TRX4S on The transceiver will prompt 0433 0000 N 1 0433 0000 If this or a similar line is displayed the interface works perfectly Type VERS The transceiver replies with the version number of the firmware e g SYMEK TRX4S CPU4 V1 1 The communication between terminal and transceiver is now completely checked Programming the channels The TRX4S can store 16 channels With the up and down keys at the transceiver you may select the channels The led display shows the channel number in hexadecimal i e the figures appear in the sequence 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 B C D E F 1 Future versions of TRX4S may be reduced to 10 channels With a PC and a terminal program called terminal you can now set the channels We recommend the program TERM dos Terminal exe Windows 3 11 Hyperterm Windows95 and Windows98 or any other terminal program Telix etc Of course you can use other computers Atari Amiga Apple etc as well The setting uses short records containing exactly 26 characters e g Z0 0433 2500 N 2 0433 5125 This record contains the following information 70 command the line will be stored in EEPROM as channel 0
75. the TRX4S case first Locate the case bottom up cooler down and loosen all 10 screws of the bottom plate which is now oriented towards you with speaker and display do not totally remove the screws Gently pull the cover up by using the screws as handle If the cover is very tight loosen also the screws at the top panel The loudspeaker is fixed at the bottom plate Take care not to destroy the speaker cable The speaker wires can be disconnected near the external speaker connector The big heatsink can be removed Just remove the six screws with a hex driver Caution use the same screws and all washers when reinstalling the heatsink The screws must not intrude more than exactly 5 mm into the transceiver s base plate A shorter intrusion length is unfavourable as the thread could be pulled out If the TRX4S should be used with a different heatsink you may use any flat surface The position of the six M4 screws are arranged symmetrically on the 100x160 mm base panel The distance from the long edge is 25 0 mm from the short edge 20 0 mm and centre 80 0 mm Total disassembling the TRX4S Better don t try to disassemble the TRX4S Even for experienced technicians with a well equipped workbench it will be difficult to make repairs at the TRX4S Send the TRX4S to the manufacturer where technicians with special knowledge of all secret tricks will care about your transceiver Con sider the risk of unintentional damage when trying to do repa
76. tter The typical output power capability of the amplifier module used is 35 to 40 watt at 13 8 volt supply voltage It is however possible to set the trimmers to get much more power as 25 watt This results in excessive heating of the amplifier and may cause progressive reduction of the power capability or total failure after weeks or months of operation Page 24 w G2 R n 9 W055 A 1518 1587 R558 R559 0569 o JP 0552 d R562 p Position of TX power trimmer w j epo S Wy o 5 t al ole R735 CR739 C724 R253 M830 0258 1721 G M832 sas 335 T M831 D n m pili SS 8838 mp 1 Ji 9 ag C350 e Ui m 5 ce 7 C351 351 UAN one Qu 19 7 mm n 425 1422 4 m mes m 52 L 5 T mn R738 O E E ni m 18 M32 MM uM J822 Audio TRX4S G Adjusting of temperature limitation Near t
77. umber input VERS reply e g SYMEK TRX4S CPU4 V1 1 Show serial number In the TRX4S a serial number and the date of manufacture are stored Please do not alter this data it won t be possible to change the values without knowledge of the proper algorithm code The mem ory where the data is stored cannot be written by the program TRX4TERM When starting TRX4TERM the serial number is read and displayed Error messages of TRX4S syntax The TRX4S uses only the lower 7 bit of all input characters Lowercase characters from 60H to 7BH are converted to uppercase by subtraction of 20H The data input is not checked completely for correct syntax The content of channel data record DDDD DDDD F P DDDD DDDD is not checked You may input any nonsense which will result in wrong and unexpected results later The commands are not checked completely The microcontroller checks only if the command is unequivocal e g the version display command VERS will be caused by all inputs starting with V and having a length of 4 characters so you may type VOLT or vO with the same result The mode is set to narrow only when a N or n is given in the channel record string All other figures are interpreted as wideband mode commands The output power is defined with the figures 2 3 and 4 All other characters are interpreted a 1 lowest power setting within the channel record string The decimal point is not interpreted Any other character or t
78. ut the PTT input switches the transmitter via a 74HC132 Schmitt trigger As soon as the voltage at the PTT input drops below 2 Volt the transceiver will switch to transmit rising above 3 volt will switch to receive again When not connected there will be a voltage of 5 0 volt at pin 3 of the data connector The PTT input is protected by a 200 kHz lowpass filter against rf interference When keying the transceiver by an open collector output this low pass filter will cause a delay of the re ceive transmit switching of approx 5 us the switching from transmit to receive will take 50 us If the PTT is controlled directly by a ttl output the delay will be constant 5 us in both cases Transmitter supply voltage The 5 volt transmitter supply voltage is switched by a FET switch with 5 amp current capability and a low Ron of 60 The FET switches immediately It would not be possible to have the switch before the voltage regulator because the settling of the common 7805 regulators needs too long about 1 ms and more The transmitter supply is only switched on if the TX PLL is locked A unlocked PLL would oscillate on a undefined frequency and result in interference or unwanted transmissions The led TX lights if the TX is supplied with 5 volts and PLL is locked The driver stages and the pin diode antenna switch are not affected by the locking condition of the PLL If the TX frequency is programmed wrong the PLL won t lock and remains disabled
79. wo 3 mm holes With a appropriate pin pushed through these holes you can press two buttons inside of the TRX4S to switch the channel number up and down With an additional remote control unit the same functions up down display are possible Set up In any case you will have to program the desired frequencies into TRX4S EEPROM Please see the chapter programming and set all frequencies as needed As default channel No 0 TX RX 433 000 MHz narrow 3 Watt is programmed Page 6 TRX4S G PROGRAMMING Connection of the Interface Use the interface cable supplied with the TRX4S and plug it to the 9 pin connector at the serial COM interface of your computer COM1 or COM2 If your computer has 25 pin male connector instead of a 9 pin you may use a standard adapter 25 pin female to 9 pin male The rs232 interface and connector of TRX4S is compatible to the TNC31 connector The baudrate is fixed to 9600 baud If you like to make your own interface cable please read the detailed description on page 15 Operation with the program TRX4TERM exe On the disc you find the program TRXATERM exe By use of this program you can do all settings of the transceivers The program is started from dos or window and is fully self explaining Prerequi site for using TRX4TERM is the proper connection of the TRX4S to one of the serial ports COM1 or COM of the computer The program will check if a TRX4S with the proper firmware is connec

User Manual TRX4S

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