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LANTIRN

1. The F 16 carries the LANTIRN pods on its chin stations the AN AAQ 13 Navigation Pod on the port station 5L and the AN AAQ 13 Targeting Pod on the starboard station SR The weight of the pods necessitated strengthening of the internal structure of the F 16 and of the undercarriage The reinforced landing gear resulted in bulges on the landing gear door to accommodate the larger tires and a relocation of the landing gear lights to the edge of the landing gear doors 4 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version hitp Awww fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 AN AAQ 13 Navigation Pod Mechanisation Power Supply The AN AAQ 13 navigation pod provides high speed penetration and precision attack on tactical targets at night and in adverse weather The FLIR navigation pod also contains a terrain following radar and a fixed infrared sensor which provides a visual cue and input to the aircraft s flight control Control Unit system enabling it to maintain a O N preselected altitude above the terrain Terrain Following and avoid obstacles This sensor Radar Antenna displays an infrared image of the terrain in front of the aircraft to the pilot on a head up display The navigation pod enables the pilot to fly along the general contour of the terrain at high speed using mountains valleys and the cover of darkness to avoid detection The pod houses the first wide field forward looking infrared navigation system for Air Force
2. whereas older systems only provided pitch up commands The TFR system is linked directly to the F 16 s autopilot The system uses airspeed aircraft angle of attack radar altimeter altitude and data from its own signal return to ensure that the aircraft flies at the proper altitude The TFR significantly enhances the aircraft s chances to survive on the modern battlefield since it not only allows the pilot to automatically avoid the terrain but also enables to evade air defence systems by manoeuvring in the horizontal plane The radar can be linked directly to the F 16 s autopilot to automatically maintain a preset altitude down to 100 feet while flying over virtually any kind of terrain It has five modes five modes Normal Weather ECCM Low Probability of Intercept LPI and Very Low Clearance VLC 12 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version hitp Awww fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 Figure 9 shows the main menu page from here you are able to access the TFR display OSB 17 Fig 9 Figure 10 shows the TFR display The Terrain Following Radar is displayed controlled and set up from this page Fig 10 OSB 1 STBY Current mode OSB 2 SOFT Ride type SOFT MED HARD OSB 4 OFF Toggle ON OFF to enable or disable the TFR OSB 5 CHN 1 Set current radar channel N D OSB 6 1000 Set LOOOft Terrain clearance OSB 7 500 Set 500ft Terrain clearance OSB 8 300 Set 300ft Terrain clearance OSB 9 200 Set 200ft Terrain c
3. 2002 Also after ground radar designating or ground stabilisation CCRP steering cues will now be displayed in the HUD Figure 10 Fig 10 OSB 8 selects SP Snowplow on the TGP display and forces the TGP to ground stabilise without the risk of locking on to an unwanted target figure 11 but unlike designating a target it will not automatically select the TGP as the SOI you will have to transfer the SOI using the DMS In this mode you will still be able lock and unlock targets and slew the tracking head assembly around independently of the Ground Radar cursors SP Highlighted to indicated this mode SOI has also been transferred to this display Using the DMS Fig 11 OSB 9 CZ is a cross hair zero function Depressing OSB 9 after ground radar designation or ground stabilisation will reset the tracking head assembly to the look in the direction of the ground radar cursors 22 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http www fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 AN AAQ 14 Targeting Pod Expanding the FOV Using the Pinkie Switch on the HOTAS or OSB 3 you will be able to expand the FOV of the TGP the first and default FOV is WIDE which has a FOV of 6 shown in figure 12a Fig 12a The next is NARO short for narrow which has a FOV of 1 7 figure 12b Which will expand the FOV to display the area enclosed within the narrow FOV box shown in the WIDE FOV Fig 12b The third is EXP short for e
4. air superiority fighters Environmental The main sub systems of the navigation pod are a Texas Instruments Ku band terrain following radar AN APN 237A a wide field of view WFOV forward looking infra red sensor and the necessary computers and power supplies The FLIR has a 28 degrees field of view in azimuth and 21 degrees in elevation The resulting images are superimposed on the outside scenery by projecting them on the HUD The image is grainy but the sense of depth is good enough to fly by in total darkness or the smoke of a battlefield Rain fog or smoke however degrade the performance of the system since infra red energy is greatly absorbed by aerosols or water vapour The AN AAQ navigation Pod although not fully implemented within SP3 greatly enhances the aircrafts all weather low level capability here is a guide on its use and limitations 5 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version htip www fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 AN AAQ 13 Navigation Pod Power On Firstly the Navigation Pod which houses the FLIR is mounted on the right fuselage hard point and requires powering up before use by means of the left right hard point power on off switches figure 1 BATA ENTHY DISPLAY INST PNL COMS OLES Fig 1 Appling power to the Navigation Pod isn t entirely necessary as this isn t correctly modelled within SP3 it will work even if it isn t activated Realistically the Pod requi
5. displayed on the MFD by the TGP will move during slewing the cross hairs will remain fixed centrally on the display 20 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version htip www fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 The four indicators bracket the MFD display to denote that this is now the SOI Fig 8 Transferring the SOI to the TGP without first designating a radar contact using the Ground Radar will require that the TGP is ground stabilised to prevent the TGP from slewing across the target area as the TGP slew speed is determined by the Ground Radar cursors and as such makes it difficult to position the pointing cross over the desired target Ground stabilising the TGP will make the tracking head assembly move at significantly reduced speed With the tracking head assembly pointing in the area of the target push the TMS on the HOTAS up if you are close to the target or another object it may jump and lock straight away if this happens and it is not the required target TMS down to return the TGP to its previous state After ground stabilisation the TGP display will change figure 9 Narrow FOV Box around AREA Indicator to show cross indicates the area TGP has been ground which will be seen if the stabilised FOV is expanded to NARO TGP now provides a passive range indication to area under cross hairs Fig 9 21 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version htip www fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6
6. oo ccssnecdvencdnanncteueseiesaeiceresecnamecseseuraserncdendeenesares 21 POP OE athena bomenewe E E E E pace as 22 POPI Ae E E E E E seuusenetcareeeersccieeseeusecceute se 22 AN AAQ 14 Targeting Pod Expanding the FOV ccc cece cece eee eee e cena acne 23 My MME TION cca necatendsusaseictcaccen E E E E E E E 23 TNE OV eer a R EE R A E A ters 23 PLOY e E eh er ete nmr men Tar 23 AN AAQ 14 Targeting Pod Designate 0 cc ccc ccce cece cece nee e cece enna nnn eens 24 Prack DOM aee eed sands seemed nae witenaneeanasidubeucensmscecnencasanseeuieneeeanee iene 24 AN AAQ 14 Targeting Pod Weapon Release 0 ccc ccccc cee e eee e eee eneeee cece 25 Countdown to Impact Timer acce5ecsvncaiescieeerraadneeheeagusuctwcemiasseiewestaeeraare 25 PUNO ALAS TAS a E E E E A I EE E A A 25 Nomaaa eea E E OE E nescence decivossess 25 2 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http www fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 Laser Unne ANGICAION ee IE EER EEE 25 PA Ctive Laser Range Findel oss concen iaon e E E EEEa 25 AN AAQ 14 Targeting Pod ACCUIraCy ccc ccc e cece cece eee e eee e eee eeenne eee eeeeeenes 27 AN AAQ 14 Targeting Pod Limitations ccc cece cece ccc ee eee eee eeeeeenee eens 28 Bolin ZONES initio evancesn E E E 28 QOS Mids its e cc soncus thatic A E E A E aun aseamtaauianobe siete cuceses 28 LGB Delivery Considerations cs d0 lt c0cevimeders dededegadaeniesdeteheneracwesexawedsece
7. 2 By that time congressional support for the program had all but vanished and the House Armed Services Committee warned that it had seriously considered recommending denial of all 1983 authorization of funding Flight testing using dummy pods equal to the real pods as far as weight shape and mass distribution are concerned started in September 1982 The pods were instrumented so that accurate measurement of vibration and flutter could be performed One year after tests with the HUD started in the summer of 1983 flight tests with fully functional pods started with two F 16B and two A 10A aircraft By the winter of 1984 LANTIRN had completed operational tests in adverse weather conditions during combined Development Test and Evaluation DT amp E and Initial Operational Test amp Evaluation JOT amp E deployments in Europe Congressional support declined further when Congress stipulated that before a production decision could be taken expected in 1985 LANTIRN had to be tested in competition with the FLIR pod Ford Aerospace had developed for the F A 18 The USAF was prohibited to order LANTIRN into production before the testing was done with By that time LANTIRN had become a key component of other programs such as the F 15E dual role fighter program and as such was no longer regarded as a sub system of the F 16 but as a program in its own This in turn led to huge cost overruns since development costs of LANTIRN could no longer be bille
8. OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 LANTIRN AN AAQ 13 Navigation Pod AN AAQ 14 Targeting Pod Operations Guide F 16C D Block 50 52 This guide was written for the Superpak 3 Series of Falcon 4 0 Using a realistic HOTAS setup Produced by Wayne Black Cat Timmins l PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http www fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 Table of Contents TAME O CU CUO ees eee eee ee ere os Sees eae ee eeu E E 3 Tbe LANTIRN S Ste tly ce co rea taster anees tae noes ecucseiweat eases ctes aia ENEE 4 AN AAQ 13 Navigation Pod Mechanisation 00 ccc cecee cece ce eenenneeeeeeenaaes 5 AN AAQ 13 Navigation Pod Power On cece cc cc ccc eee e eee e eee e eee eeeeeeeeeeeaanas 6 AN AAQ 13 Navigation Pod FIR viecsceccseveserceosadaxs beta terecwaveseeweadonseesaee eis 6 FOV PASM OG eine crs e A E E E E E 7 FEU MFO TI Sess a E E E S 7 FOV and Pitch FUnctions 0 cece cece ccc enn nee e eee e eee e cece eee eee ee eee enn nny 8 PP LSE Ain NY Ge Ga cece EE E E E yeeadansccseaseer neater saadonaddie 10 AN AAQ 13 Navigation Pod FLIR Limitations 0 ccc ccc cece cee ee ee ee eeeeees 11 AN AAQ 13 Navigation Pod Terrain Following Radar 00 ccc cece cece eees 12 IPI DIS GIAY caus ecieensos AEE E deena EE E EEE EA EEEE 13 AN AAQ 13 Navigation Pod TFR Operation 0c ccc cece cece eee e cece eeeeeen eens 14 APOY FAO IC ge xcokten cg E oa uontes ued snes E 14 TR W
9. R A A FCR RWR SMS HSD TFR The reasoning behind this set up is to have the FCR and TGP on the same MFD This allows one DMS left to switch from FCR to TGP and the SOI will move as well With the FCR and TGP on both MFD s it is very easy to loose track of the SOI You should have the TFR displayed as much as possible this MFD set up enforces that The specific order on each MFD is not as important as priority Ensure that one DMS left or right moves from the primary option to the secondary If Mavericks are not loaded then the WPN page can be substituted for another Obviously if there are only two options on the MFD there isn t a problem These settings can be saved using Key board commands Alt C then S then loaded at any time using Alt C then L 29 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http www fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 Appendix B MDF Operation Select Button Locations 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 30 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version htip www fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 Appendix C LANTIRN Associated HOTAS controls FLCS Stick USAF Military Typical Weapon Release Lert TH DMS Display Management Switch TMS Target Management Switch AP Override Paddl N Expand FOV Butto Pinkie Switch TQS Throttle USAF Military Typical Radar Cursor Enable Switch 31 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http
10. TP symbol Fig 7 AN AAQ 14 Targeting Pod Operation To begin with the TGP is always slaved to the Ground Radar Cursors With the ground Radar in STP mode the tracking head assembly will look at the location of the selected STP this is useful as it ensures that the TGP is looking in the right direction with respect to pre planned targets which may be marked by a STP With the Ground Radar in SP snowplow mode the tracking head assembly will still be slaved to the radar cursors and look in their direction A target designator box will be displayed in the HUD which serves as a visual reference to ensure the tracker head assembly is looking in the required direction After expanding the Ground Radars FOV if necessary and selecting the correct target designating a ground radar contact ground stabilises the tracking head assembly and points the tracking head assembly at the designated target the TGP display then becomes the SOI indicated in the usual format figure 8 and is able to be slewed using the Radar Cursor Enable Switch see Appendix C You can also choose without designating a radar contact to transfer the SOI over to the TGP move the DMS on the HOTAS to the rear down position which shifts the SOI to the next MFD if you have both the FCR and TGP showing on both left and right MFD s see Appendix A and Appendix C you are then able to slew the TGP around with the radar cursors following It 1s important to note that only the image
11. altitude and ride type selected This action is called the Let Down At this point the pilot should remain hands on the controls in the event of a TFR failure or that the TFR should pitch too aggressively down with a high airspeed from which the aircraft is unable to recover The TFR can be overridden at any point during flight by use of the AP Override paddle on the HOTAS see Appendix C Whilst this is held in the pilot has control but on release the TFR will recommence terrain avoidance on the current heading at the chosen altitude Fig 11 The image displayed figure 11 will be similar to that projected onto the HUD by the FLIR and is to be closely monitored particularly at night in case of TFR failure 14 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http www fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 Fly ups will occur when the TFR detects a breach in the parameters set in order to maintain the desired ground clearance When this happens FLY UP will be displayed on both the HUD and MED and the autopilot should command a pitch up demand Figure 12 The TFR will function regardless of the position of the HDG SEL and ATT HOLD switches which control the other functions of the autopilot 1 e the upon activation of the TFR the autopilot will continue on the aircrafts present heading and is not dependent on the position of the HDG SEL switch To physically change the heading of the aircraft the pilot must regain control b
12. crease the image displayed The Dec Pitch OSB 19 amp Inc Pitch OSB 7 will move the FOV either up or down in the HUD these are of most use when alignment is necessary The corresponding values for these adjustments are also displayed on this page Using this function you can reposition the FOV F 65 294 ouor OET Pue FCF DCLT of the Pod to view below and to the front of the aircraft see figure 3 This can be useful allowing you to scan for hot targets whilst maintaining level flight even at high altitude as the image can be expanded considerably Using the keystrokes for theses OSB commands you could program a rotary on the HOTAS to pitch up and down or to snapshot from forward view to a view 30 nose down and back again 8 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version htip www fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 Fig 3 Now that we have aligned the Image displayed by the Navigation Pod with that of ours lets look at some of its uses and limitations FLIR 1s mainly used to facilitate the pilot so that he she can see directly to the front of the aircraft at night and has partial use under conditions of poor visibility it can be used in conjunction with NVG s to enhance the all weather capability by allowing the recognition of hot targets at night or when visibility is reduced Figure 4 is an image using the FLIR at night here columns of vehicles made hot by their engines and exhausts are clearly v
13. d on the F 16 program In real terms cost overruns amounted only to some 10 Ultimately LANTIRN was 3 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version htip www fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 chosen for the F 16C D and F 15E and has recently been fitted to US Navy F 14 aircraft as well The Air Force could finally approve low rate initial production of the navigation pod in March 1985 and full rate production in November 1986 The first production pod was delivered to the Air Force March 31 1987 The initial contract was for 561 navigation and 506 targeting pods and it had a 2 9 value The complete LANTIRN system adds about 4 million to the cost of the aircraft which is a real bargain for turning day into night In April 1986 IOT amp E of the LANTIRN targeting pod proved that a low altitude night under the weather precision attack mission was feasible The Air Force approved low rate initial production in June 1986 Introduction of the LANTIRN revolutionized night warfare by denying enemy forces the sanctuary of darkness ia ny a T The LANTIRN system comprises m two pods one AN AAQ Navigation Pod To Fly and one AN AAQ 14 Targeting Pod To Fight The pods were conceived in a way that allows them to operate autonomously so either pod can be used without the other should the need arise The pods z communicate with aircraft systems wy u through a standard 1553B data bus zje LEDAS Hanis
14. dicating that the laser is now firing The range estimation 1s now accurate as the TGP is now using an active laser range finder the T changing to an L indicates this Figure 16 25 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version htip www fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 Fig 16 runi 7 Laser energy will be reflected from the point at which it strikes the target this will form a cone known as the laser basket The initial ballistic flight path of the LGB will place it a position where it will be within the laser basket at the time the laser fires Once the seeker head of the LGB detects this reflected energy it will guide or steer the LGB in an attempt to remain in the bounds of the basket down to the target As the cone narrows the closer it is to the target so the LGB will become more precise figure 17 Fig 17 Violent manoeuvring is not advised during the weapons TOF as this may result in the TGP losing its lock on the target whilst level flight 1s preferable a toss or loft delivery profile is possible with careful flight path analysis and deployment needed to ensure that the TGP has LOS with the target during the weapons TOF Tables detailing TOF for LGB can be found in the RP 5 user manual tables 8 11 After impact the TGP will remain locked on to the target until a point where it can no longer see it 1 e it reaches it s gimbal limitations or TMS down which will remove the TGP lock from the target w
15. ePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version htip www fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 Figure 2 shows the main menu page selected on either the left or right MFD from this using OSB 19 you will be able to select the TGP page figure 3 shown here just before the TGP has been powered up Fig 2 Fig 3 After switching on the TGP the TGP Page will show NOT TIMED OUT figure 4 for a period of 7 15 minutes This is to allow the environmental control unit in the TGP to adjust the temperature and cool the necessary components to operating temperature before and during use It is important to ensure that the TGP is powered up before take off or as part of a fence in check to make certain that the TGP is ready for use Fig 4 After the TGP has cooled sufficiently it will activate and now become functional figure 5 There is a substantial amount of information displayed on the TGP page which will change dependent upon use The information immediately important is shown in figure 5 18 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version htip www fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 AN AAQ 14 Targeting Pod Display Symbols FOV Indicator RALT information is displayed if this is enabled Colour scale indicator N T Toggles between white and Cross Hairs black hot N I with NARO FOV box ue Saas Pointing Dot indicates which direction TGP is pointing relative to the nose of the aircraft see figure 5a Indicates currently S
16. ease the SMS will select another station dependent upon weapon availability Fig 15 The weapon will follow a ballistic path until it is terminally guided by the TGP firing its laser which it does at a predetermined time before impact The default setting is 8 seconds but this can be changed through the LASER page in the DED using the ICP up to a maximum of 176 seconds If the LGB detects reflected laser energy to soon due to the laser being fired too early during a loft or toss delivery the guidance unit attached to the bomb may commence guidance and start to attempt to steer the LGB onto the target this may result in the LGB being pulled down below a ballistic trajectory which would be essential in order for it to reach the target meaning a loss of inertial energy for the weapon to a degree that it may drop short and miss the target For a low level delivery of LGB s the minimum altitude should allow for a terminal guidance of about 11 seconds TOF Manual lasing will override any auto lasing the TGP is programmed to carry out Once manual lasing has commenced it must be carried out until impact auto lasing will not recommence once manual lasing is underway Holding down the trigger at the second detent on the HOTAS preforms manual lasing Once the timer reaches the moment to commence auto lasing and if the laser arm is set to arm the TGP will fire the laser and continue until impact the L in both the HUD and the TGP display will flash in
17. elected station with ordinance for that type of weapon L Indicates Laser is currently armed Bullseye Indicator dependent on format Weapon Ready Indicator selected Fig 5 Countdown to impact timer The pointing dot rotates around the display to show the direction the tracking head assembly is looking it is an aid to orientate you It is easy to loose track of where the target is relative to your flight path and prevents you from tracking a target which may become out of gimbal 1 e the TGP will no longer be able to see the target Here it is looking to the left of the aircraft and slightly nose Fig 5a down Before the TGP can be used for the purpose of delivering precision guided ordinance the laser must be armed so that it will fire to guide the weapon This is done by firstly setting the Master Arm switch to ARM the TGP will not function at all unless the Master Arm is set to either ARM or SIM and then the Laser Arm to ARM figure 6 As well as a L displayed in the HUD when in A G Master s mode figure 7 an L will also be present on the TGP MASTER ARIS display to indicate the laser has been armed and the TGP ad with consent now has the ability to fire the laser at the mame selected time after weapon release also manual lasing is now possible Fig 6 19 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version htip www fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 Target designator box overlaying the target S
18. hilst it remains ground stabilised a second TMS down will return the TGP to slave mode 1 e the tracking head assembly will follow the ground radar cursors 26 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version htip www fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 AN AAQ 14 Targeting Pod Accuracy Designating or locking the target is not necessary as long as you hold the targeting cross over the target for the duration of the weapons TOF and make adjustments manually The Paveway series of guided weapons can also be reassigned targets whilst in flight should you choose or decide the locked target is not the correct target The AN AAQ 14 targeting pod is accurate and capable up to 25 000 feet at altitudes in excess of this the laser is prohibited from firing to prevent electrical damage to the laser caused by atmospheric conditions and reduced air density The TGP is still able to track lock targets and release LGB s at altitudes above 25 000 feet but the aircraft must descend and remain below 25 000 feet so that the laser will fire and guide the weapon In the mid 1990s Lockheed Martin developed a follow on targeting pod named Sniper with an updated diode pumped laser target designator with greater reliability raising the altitude limit to Paveway Ill 3rd 40 000 feet Third Generation Generation LGB Paveway III LGB s will continue on a ballistic flight path to the target missing only marginally even if the e laser should stop fi
19. isible displayed as Black Hot i e the hot areas are shown as dark or black regions Compare this to figure 5 which is the same representation this time using only NVG s Now the vehicles become much harder to spot using this night vision equipment alone which is only engineered to enhance available light Both the FLIR and NVG s are compatible and can be used simultaneously 9 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version htip www fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 Fig 4 Fig 5 10 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version htip www fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 AN AAQ 13 Navigation Pod FLIR Limitations FLIR has limited use during periods of low visibility and poor weather as cloud and other weather conditions can disrupt the IR picture also man made obscurants such as smoke fire and decoys can prevent the use of FLIR Figures 6 amp 7 In this case it would be necessary to descend below the weather or cloud base in order to distinguish hot targets figure 8 11 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version hitp Awww fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 Fig 8 AN AAQ 13 Navigation Pod Terrain Following Radar The TFR uses advanced signal processing to provide a wide azimuth coverage which in turn allows more violent manoeuvring of the carrier aircraft This is because the system can provide directional inputs to the pilot or the flight control computer
20. learance OSB 10 VLC Set Very Low Clearance OSB 16 ECCM Emission Control Mode N D OSB 17 WX Weather Mode Settings N I OSB 18 STBY Select standby mode OSB 19 LPI Low probability of intercept mode OSB 20 NORM Selects Normal Mode See Appendix B OSB locations 13 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version htip www fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 AN AAQ 13 Navigation Pod TFR Operation To activate the TFR after first accessing the TFR page on a MFD first select the desired ground clearance using the OSB s which correspond to 1000 500 300 and 200ft VLC is used over extremely flat land or over sea Next decide on the ride type OSB2 SOFT MED HARD this determines how many G s the autopilot is allowed to pull when following the terrain with respect to how strongly the aircraft the will pitch up and down when the TFR is active After that I select either NORM OSB 20 or LPI OSB 19 dependent on the tactical situation Setting LPI will ensure that the TFR will scan forward of the aircraft and less often where as NORM will result in the TFR operating in its standard mode with the TFR scanning equally to all sectors All that then remains is to toggle the TFR to ON OSB 4 4 F The autopilot will engage green autopilot ACTIVE gM mut en indicator to confirm autopilot operating the aircraft will Dl Hoc SEL ALT HOLD cae Lue Tu pitch nose down the degree of pitch will vary dependent a AHOL a A E cer oe upon
21. nces the tracker head may be unable to see the target even thought the tracker head may be outside the blind zone This may be dependent upon certain combinations of azimuth and elevation of the tracker head which may cause the line of site to be obscured by parts of the fuselage or any external stores carried such as fuel tanks etc Figure 18 shows the tracking head assemblies LOS to some extent obscured by a hard point still with remaining ordinance Blind Zone 30 Blind Zone 60 Fig 19 The laser whilst firing can be hindered by low or thick cloud fog or other weather conditions also smoke and debris from a previous attack all of which will cause back scatter and prevent reflected laser energy from guiding the weapon These are considerations which need to taken into account when planning a proposed attack profile and delivery 28 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http www fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 Figure 20 shows a target area covered by low cloud forcing a low level delivery below the cloud base Figure 21 shows a target obscured by smoke and debris from a previous attack both which would make target identification very difficult Fig 20 Fig 21 Appendix A System Set Up A recommended technique for setting master modes using OSB s 12 13 and 14 during LANTIRN operations MODE LEFT MFD RIGHT MFD NAV FCR TGP FLIR SMS HSD TFR A G FCR TGP FLIR SMS WPN TF
22. res power so that the environmental unit contained inside the unit can lower raise the temperature to operating conditions to enable the FLIR to differentiate between hot and cold AN AAQ 13 Navigation Pod FLIR It is important to note that its position on the fuselage being below that of the pilot provides a FOV which is below that generally seen by the pilot See figure 2 And thus the image imposed upon the HUD may require some alignment so that it corresponds with the image of the outside world as seen by the pilot 6 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version htip www fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 Fig 2 Accessing the FLIR page on a MFD will enable you to align the FLIR image with your FOV Fig 2a Fig 2b The Page shown above figure 2a is the main menu page here you will be able to access the FLIR OSB 16 The FLIR page figure 2b 1s showing the FLIR off it needs to be activated shift H before any alignment can be made 7 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http www fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 03 5 _ ARL 3830 J AL 300 Now you be able to see the FLIR image gathered from the Pod superimposed over the HUD and the FLIR page on the MFD will now display some options which will allow you to bring into line the Pods FOV with that of yours as seen through the HUD The Dec Fov OSB 20 amp Exp Fov OSB 6 commands will allow you to expand magnify or de
23. ring during the ee ee weapons TOF or the aircraft turns in such a way so that the TGP can no longer see the target This is because the fins or control surfaces of the Paveway III LGB move only slightly during guidance and it maintains a much smother trajectory Where as the Second Generation of Paveway LGB s will more than likely miss quite significantly this is due to the nature of the guidance system attached to the bomb as the control surfaces of the LGB are continually moving from maximum to minimum deflection during its TOF creating a snake like trajectory this is referred to as a bang bang guidance type The control system on a LGB is irreversible once the LGB looses its lock its fins will remain at their last know deflection angle Which will produce a gross over or under steer for Paveway II LGB s unlike that of the Paveway III series of LGB where the movement of the control surfaces or fins 1s incremental 2l PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http www fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 AAQ 14 Targeting Pod Limitations The TGP tracking head consists of a FLIR camera as well as a laser target designator The laser target designator 1s correlated to the bore sight of the FLIR and as such will aim wherever the TGP s FLIR is looking The blind zones of the TGP tracker head assembly are illustrated in figure 19 This is the physical gimbal stop on the tracker head assembly Under particular circumsta
24. tans 28 APP MICK Arc ua vacetn see ea neneas Acc spaseaeans cee sede E E E 29 Common Acronyms used in this dOcUMENL ccc ccc cence eee e eee eneene eee eeeaaas 32 FEC 8 ae gira cease aeons geome E EEE A E 32 Introduction Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared for Night or LANTIRN is a system for use on the Air Force s premier fighter aircraft the F 15E Eagle and F 16C D Fighting Falcon as well as the Navy s F 14 Tomcat LANTIRN significantly increases the combat effectiveness of these aircraft allowing them to fly at low altitudes at night and under the weather to attack ground targets with a variety of precision guided and unguided weapons The research and development program initially conceived as a capabilities upgrade program for the F 16 began in September 1980 with Martin Marietta now Lockheed Martin as contractor Two years later in 1983 the program was already suspended and reshaped to reduce the technical risks involved with the development of the advanced technology most notably the Automatic Target Recognizer ATR sub system The ATR was meant to automatically discriminate between various battlefield targets such as MBT s SAM s and APC s Eventually it was decided not to incorporate this functionality from the start of the program on but instead to add it under a later retrofit program Ultimately the ATR never made it into LANTIRN Flight trials with the LANTIRN wide angle HUD began in the summer of 198
25. the targeting pod are another FLIR and a laser designator rangefinder Both are housed in the movable nose section of the AN AAQ 14 and are stabilized by a stabilization system which compensates for aircraft movement and vibration The FLIR that is installed in a two axis turret operates in two modes a wide field of view 6x6 degrees for target acquisition or a narrow one 1 7x1 7 degrees for zooming in These features simplify the functions of target detection recognition and attack and permit pilots of single seat fighters to attack targets with precision guided weapons on a single pass When LANTIRN is not in operation the turret or tracking head assembly 1s turned inwards so that the sensors are not exposed to the elements Laser Optics Air Inlet me r ir f 7 Rotating Tracking Head oy Assembly o T FLIR Optics ve 16 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version htip www fineprint com 24 6 2002 OG LANTIRN The AN AAQ 14 Targeting Pod is now almost correctly modelled within SP3 and provides a greatly enhanced precision strike capability here is a guide on its use and functions AN AAQ 14 Targeting Pod Power On The Targeting Pod or TGP is mounted on the left fuselage and requires powering up before use by means of the left right hard point power on off switches figure 1 DEPR RET a Ty z Pa a F Ar S E PRIMARY ITT Pp rors Fig 1 17 PDF created with Fin
26. www fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 Common Acronyms used in this document CCRP Computer Controlled Release Point DED Data Entry Display DMS Display Management Switch FCC Fire Control Computer FCR Fire Control Radar FLIR Forward Looking Infra Red FOV Field Of View HOTAS Hands On Throttle And Stick HUD Head Up Display ICP Intergraded Control Panel the main keypad console below the HUD LGB Laser Guided Bomb MFD Multi Function Display NVG Night Vision Goggles SOI Sensor Of Interest OSB Option Select Buttons STP STeerPoint waypoint TFR Terrain Following Radar TGP Targeting Pod TMS Target Management Switch TOF Time Of Flight References SP3 Manual RP5 Manual Falcon 4 0 User Manual AN APG 68 V5 Operating Guide by Stephen HotDogOne French F 16A B MLU The Pilots Guide MCH 11 F 16 Vol5 Federation of American Scientist www fas org Vipers in the Storm by Keith Rosenkranz Any comments concerning this document E mail wayne Timmins lineone net 32 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version htip www fineprint com
27. xpanded which will further expand the FOV to a ratio of 2 1 over NARO to enable better target selection and identification Figure 12c Fig 12c 23 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version htip www fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 AN AAQ 14 Targeting Pod Designate After slewing the TGP display so that the cross hairs are on the target push the TMS on the HOTAS to the up position to designate The TGP display will change now to indicate that the TGP has locked onto the target figure 13 Dependent on range and aspect the TGP may not lock straight away it may require several attempts AREA cue changes to POINT and a tracking box is placed over the target Fig 13 AN AAQ 14 Targeting Pod Weapon Release The FCC will compute a release solution if it is able to It will only display release cues if the LGB is capable of reaching the target following a ballistic trajectory 1 e it will necessitate the same requirements initially as a free fall dumb bomb of the same weight figure 14 This is essential as LGB s are guided not powered and they need to be able to reach the target area using energy imparted on them by the delivering aircraft 24 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version htip www fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 After weapon release the TGP display will change to show a countdown to impact timer presently showing 00 33 seconds to impact Figure 15 After weapon rel
28. y OSs gateanie cota anes cues E E E E E ee scuenee nace seasueeceae 15 TER Dis OUNO 2n2 ten E eismseereamrecneosaneuencaeananncaee conan 15 AN AAQ 14 Targeting Pod Mechantsation ccccccccee este eee e eee e cece ee eeees 16 AN AAQ 14 Targeting Pod Power O0 0 cece cece cece cece eee e cece eee ennneeeneenes 17 EGP MED TI ee sine wis E aaciieneerats EEE E E sine EA 18 1 Cite Gere ilo e E E E fern E 18 AN AAQ 14 Targeting Pod Display Symbols 00 cece cece cece cece n eee eeeues 19 IAI TIO MatOu ecccanersconesamsassinsenencmenaetconesdataeneenaanvont enum EEEN 19 EGP CMA Oeae EE E EEEE E E EE E EA 19 Laser Armed Indicato secs cetcrnaadacadiucedeaeneasdionneve dead iheteusiexaecaernerdaese EE 19 PORE O E E E T E E E nn waseeee 19 Countdown to Impact Timer 0 cece cece ccc cee e eee e cece e eee e eee e ee eeeene eee e es 19 TOY WING C O eaea A E TEE E EEA E 19 Current Station Selected Indicator 0 cece cece c cece cee eeeeeeeeeneneeeeeeeeees 19 Master a aS er ATT a e T e RE 19 AN AAQ 14 Targeting Pod Operation ccc ccc cc cece eee e eee cne cece eee een e eee eenes 20 rond Radar CUSO S oedet sereus rengen EEA E E 20 TGP Ground Stabils ati ON eserse EEE Eai 20 Slew ite the TOP Dis NAY oo cee enae as orceaceweunts naccra ms esaaee AS 20 EGP As DO acs E E E S 20 NAROEOV DOK ci poscomsic cic netanmane E E E E E EIE REEE 21 PRE MNGICALO E E E A E E E suse 21 Passive Rance 1S Olay
29. y way of the AP Override paddle or disconnecting the TFR before turning to the new heading Fig 12 To disconnect the TFR toggle to OFF OSB 4 regain control and gain altitude especially if extremely low level flight has been undertaken It is important to remember that when the RF Switch is set the SILENT all radar emissions will be silenced no radar RALT or TER The system will indicate a TF failure and generate a TF FAIL light and WARN indication Should this happen during TFR operation the TFR will disconnect and you will have to regain control to maintain level flight eee s well as the fault and warning lights you will also see an oe indication to show that the autopilot has disengaged in the way of s Mate the default amber STBY light AWV i M 3 ROLL i i Acs SEL ALT HOLD jf EDD L GAEL 7T HOLD 15 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http www fineprint com OG LANTIRN 24 6 2002 AN AAQ 14 Targeting Pod Mechanisation anie i The AN AAQ 14 targeting pod _ Environmental Control Unit conte inca A A Central Electronics forward looking infrared sensor Missile Boresight which displays an infrared image of the target to the pilot a laser designator rangefinder for precise delivery of laser guided munitions The designator is a four digit PRF coded laser that can designate for its own weapons or for other acquisition devices or munitions Main sub systems of

LANTIRN

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