Natural Refrigerants
Contents
1. 49 AIR CONDITIONING CHEATED BY YOUR AC While a conventional 3 Star 1 5 ton Split AC costs about Rs 10 000 less than the 1 5 ton Godrej EON AC over the 10 year life of the AC it actually costs more about Rs 23 000 more This is due to the 25 to 30 lower energy consumption of Godrej EON ACs compared to a 3 Star AC 3 Star Split AC 158 000 Godrej EON AC 125 000 0 50 000 100 000 150 000 200 000 Life Cycle Cost INR Lifetime Energy Cost INR Capital Cost INR IF A SINGLE HOME WERE TO USE THE GODREJ EON AC INSTEAD OF A REGULAR 3 STAR AC IT WOULD RESULT IN THESE POWERFUL BENEFITS FOR ALL THE HOME AND THE COMMUNITY 120 light bulbs would be lighting up less privileged 36 ceiling fans would be cooling less privileged homes homes Rs 10 000 can be saved f 3 lesser cars would be pollut annually on electricity bills ing our environment 21 This is not an advertisement for Godrej EON AC It is a objective scientific assessment of the energy cost and greenhouse gas CB L AN CE 50 conomie nergie et soci t emission benefits of Hydrocarbon Refrigent ACs For further details please visit our website http www fairconditioning org Natural Refrigerant Central AC Systems oc 21 FAIR CONDITIONING 7 CBALANCE R290 Central AC System Church House in Westminster Abbey built to commemorate Queen Victoria s golden jubilee 600kW air cooled water chille2. The filling of recovery cylinder should be monitored closely by controlling the weights The cylinder should not be filled more than 80 of its complete volume by liquid refrigerant e Pressure and mass of the cylinder must be controlled e After recovery type of recovered refrigerant must be marked Recovery machine has to be operated until the pressure reduces to 0 3 bar R290 is soluble in oil This may lead to rise in pressure as refrigerant vaporizes from oil e t may be necessary to operate the recovery machine for a second or even a third time oc 21 FAIR CONDITIONING CBALANCE Safety Considerations for R290 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS DURING REFIRGERANT RECOVERY Remaining amounts of HC absorbed by the oil can be extracted from the system using a vacuum pump in combination with an exhaust vent hose Small amounts of R 290 can be vented in safe manner to the environment After the systems pump out the system should be flushed with Oxygen Free Dry Nitrogen OFDN in order to ensure no flammable gas are inside the system oc 21 FAIR CONDITIONING C3 CBALANCE Safety Considerations for R290 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS DURING LEAK REPAIR Removing the refrigerant from the system in order to avoid an uncontrolled discharge Examine the leak source determining the reason for the leak and carry out the proper course of action Repair properly NO temporary repairing Based on the results of the systems e
3. compressor displacement rate V m kg specific volume of the refrigerant at compressor inlet oc 21 FAIR CONDITIONING CBALANCE AC Refrigerants Analysis gt gt m3 refrigerant gt kW per m3 lt kW m3 refrigerant I L compressor disp m3 compressor disp oez FAIR CONDITIONING 3 CBALANCE AC Refrigerants Analysis Under smaller temperature lifts i e using larger heat exchangers R290 performance improves even more relative to R410A and R32 Ideal cycle efficiency is virtually the same as R22 however the thermo physical properties of R290 and R1270 are particularly favourable which provides further benefit in terms of potential performance Source HYDROCARBON REFRIGERANTS FOR ROOM AIR CONDITIONERS Daniel Colbourne for GIZ Proklima March 2011 FAIR CONDITIONING 3 CBALANCE AC Refrigerants Analysis DISCHARGE TEMPERATURE is most important especially for hot climates R290 has a discharge temperature some 20 Deg K less R1270 about 15 Deg K less R410A is 3 Deg K less but R32 is 15 Deg K Greater than R22 Therefore R290 potentially offers notable benefits in terms of compressor reliability especially in hot climates THE COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE COP R290 and R1270 are the similar or slightly greater than R22 but COP of R32 and R410A is less by 6 when compared with R22 oc 21 FAIR CONDITIONING CBALANCE Basic Safety Concept
4. CNG as a fuel is flammable but would you call a CNG Car Flammable LPG as a fuel is flammable but would you call your kitchen Flammable oc 21 FAIR CONDITIONING CBALANCE Safety Considerations for R290 Flammability Concerns Related to R290 NOTE the following concerns are already addressed in equipment construction practices and all risks associated with Hydrocarbon Refrigerant use are mitigated through compliance with all legal norms and safety regulations It belongs to safety group A3 and is highly flammable and non toxic 4 e Lower Explosive Limit 2 1 Upper Explosive Limit 9 5 PI e Color Less and Odor less Gas Flash Point is below the atmospheric temperature and exposure to atmosphere in combination with spark flame hot surface may cause fire immediately e Readily forms an explosive air vapour mixture at ambient temperatures e Vapour is heavier than air and may travel to remote sources of ignition e g along drainage systems into basements etc o 21_ FAIR CONDITIONING CBALANCE Safety Considerations for R290 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS FOR USING R290 REFRIGERANT IN ACs BY CATEGORY A PEOPLE Here we are addressing safety considerations of ACs with special reference R290 refrigerant for its use in commercial residential ACs All general safety considerations like electrical operations Installation site etc has to be followed as followed during HCFC HFC ACs in
5. in a Window Air Conditioner DR ATUL S PADALKAR DR SUKUMAR DEVOTTA Proklima Natural Refregerents PP No 209 219 8 Guidelines for the safe use of Hydrocarbon Refrigerants Deutsche Gesellschaft fur German Technical Cooperation Programme Proklima 9 United States Department of Labor Hazardous Classified Locations http www osha gov doc outreachtraining htmlfiles hazloc html MOC 21 fAIRGONDIFIONING GWE conomie nergie et soci t References 10 BEE GENERAL ASPECTS OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND ENERGY AUDIT Chapter 2 Energy Conservation Act 2001and Related Policies 11 National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency PPT by S P Garnaik Bureau of Energy Efficiency 12 National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency PPT by S P Garnaik Bureau of Energy Efficiency 13 no2co2 research based on COP 15 Commitments of reducing GHG Intensity of GDP by 25 by 2020 14 BEE GENERAL ASPECTS OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND ENERGY AUDIT Chapter 1 Energy Scenario 15 Central Electricity Authority Operation Performance Monitoring Division Electricity Generation during the month of September 12 and during the period April 12 September 12 Page 5 16 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report Climate Change 2007 17 Velders et al The importance of the Montreal Protocol in protecting climate Guus J M Velders Stephen O Andersen John S Daniel David W Fahey and Mack McFarland 4814 4819 Proceedings of the
6. 2 metres radius ignition sources are not allowed in the working area 6 e Fire extinguisher dry powder must be easily accessible at any time 9 oc 21 FAIR CONDITIONING CBALANCE Safety Considerations for R290 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS DURING MAINTENANCE amp RE CHARGING Do not charge the system with any refrigerant which is not R290 Do not mix any refrigerant fl Servicing by competent technicians must be done by using proper equipment Before Recharging the refrigerant technician must do leak testing ll Before filling ensure that there is no air or other non condensable gases like nitrogen etc left in the system ff While recharging technician has to ensured that the refrigerant charge of the of the system do not exceed the charge size limits and he must also ensure that the quantity of recharging is not less than specified as it may reduce the system performance ff After recharge examine and confirm by the use of appropriate leak test It Retrofitting has to be done by trained technician oc 21 FAIR CONDITIONING 3 CBALANCE Safety Considerations for R290 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS DURING REFIRGERANT RECOVERY e The recovery cylinder must be permitted for the use of R 290 especially regarding the pressure and the compatibility of the connectors and the valves e The recovery machine must be suitable for operation with R 290 Importantly the recovery machine must not itself be an ignition source
7. 3 96 3 98 Relative to R22 0 1 1 6 6 Efficiency Related Data of R744 Carbon Dioxide and R717 Ammonia is not available oc 21 FAIR CONDITIONING CBALANCE AC Refrigerants Analysis Volumetric Refrigerating Capacity broadly indicative of required compressor displacement It is seen that R290 has 15 lower capacity than R22 whilst R1270 is almost the same as R22 but it is almost 1 5 times for R32 and R410A e It implies that the R290 compressor demands a larger geometric swept volume in order to achieve the same cooling capacity and R32 and R410A Requires lower Geometrical Swept Volume However despite the cycle calculations implying this most practical studies have found that the refrigerating capacity of R290 in a fixed displacement compressor is much closer to R22 typically within 5 to 10 which is due to R290 having a higher volumetric efficiency oc 21 FAIR CONDITIONING CBALANCE AC Refrigerants Analysis Volumetric Refrigerating Capacity kW m3 cooling achieved per unit volume of refrigerant moving through the compressor While this is LOWER for R290 vs say R22 the cumulative effect of kW m3 and the higher volumetric efficiency needs to be considered to gauge overall efficiency of the refrigerant Volumetric Efficiency Volumetric flow rate m v Ivy y Compressor Displacement rate V SW where m kg s mass flow rate of refrigerant Vey m3 s
8. ALANCE Comparison of Conventional and Natural Refrigerants Refrigerants CCE Flammability Refrigerant Characteristics Production to be completely HCFC22 0 055 1810 Non flammable phased out in developed countries by 2020 Current Refrigerants in Energing countries Non flammable Slowly replaced by propane in developed countries Current Refrigerants in Developed countries HFC410A 0 2 088 No impact on ozone and low HFO1234yf ze 0 4 6 Slightly flammable GWpSaiety and Price Issue No impact on ozone and HFC32 0 675 Slightly flammable one of the lowest GWP among HFCs Flammable Next generation No impact on ozone and low Refrigerants co 0 1 Non flammable GWP Low efficiency when 2 used for AC Propane R290 0 3 Highly Flammable No impact on ozone and low GWP An efficient refrigerant but highly flammable and susceptible to explosion o fAIR CONDITIONING CBALANC Natural Refrigerants ACs What are Natural Refrigerants Chemicals which occur in nature s bio chemical processes Can be used as cooling agents in refrigerators and air conditioners Do not deplete the ozone layer and make negligible contribution to global warming High efficiency lower indirect contribution to global warming than many FC s Why use Natural Refrigerants Natural refrigerants deliver on the Montreal and Kyoto Protocols Natural refrigerants have no or very low Global Warming Potential GWP Zero Oz
9. NG CBALANCE 11 EXAMPLES OF R290 ACs MANUFACTURES AND USED IN INDIA AND OTHER PARTS OF WORLD In 2012 Inaugurated a new production line for the manufacturing of split and window type propane R290 air conditioners The new line is in the 1 5 T split A C category India Godrej amp Boyce Which is the most common air conditioner segment in India R290 models do consume 23 less energy than the current top of line 5 star models across other brands Producer of hydrocarbon chillers in the medium to larger Denmark Bundgaard range 50 400 KW K leteknik HC Chillers are 10 energy efficient than HFC Chillers oc 21 FAIR CONDITIONING O BALANCE 11 EXAMPLES OF R290 ACs MANUFACTURES AND USED IN INDIA AND OTHER PARTS OF WORLD Moved from De Longhi had been producing a wide range of portable air conditioners for varying room size using hydrocarbon as refrigerant in the European Italy to TCL DeLonghi market since 1995 Home china with a l Appliances JV with TCL Sweden Frigadon Japan Mayekawa 621 GE nergie et soci t De Longhi had products in its basket from wall mounted A c to Split A c s using R290 as refrigerant and its capacities varying from 8000 BTU hr to 11 253 BTU hr Now R290 range is very limited Frigadon has developed a range of hydrocarbon packaged air conditioners using R1270 propylene Frigadon installations can be found in the United States Germany United Kingdom and Ireland with
10. National Academy of Sciences March 20 2007 vol 104 no 12 MOC 21 fAIRGONDITIONING 3 CBALANCE conomie nergie et soci t
11. Thoughtful Cooling Active HVAC Systems Efficient HVAC systems using natural refrigerants oc 21 FAIR CONDITIONING 7 CBALANCE Framing the Issue oc 21 FAIR CONDITIONING 7 CBALANCE Increased HFC Consumption Fig 3 Growing HFC market This graph shows that i the rapid growth in HFC 10 alten t consumption will come GWP weighted 100 yr almost exclusively in developing countries This is why it is crucial that developing countries leapfrog HFCs straight to environmentally safer technologies 6 IE Developed countries Consumption GtCO equ yr N 0 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Year SOURCE Velders et al 2009 o FAIR CONDITIONING CBALANCE L o e nergie et so C21 ci t Increased GHG Emissions HFC HCFC HFC HFC HC Natural HC Natural Natural Natural AIR CONDITIONING 2088 1810 1430 675 3 316 1 8191 Increased Refrigerant Emissions Fig 1 Growing HFC emissions bie ng Global ODS and HFC emissions while CFC and HCFC emissions go down the GWP weighted 100 yr light blue blocks HFC HFCs emissions the light 5 brown block will overtake g per them by around 2025 g J HCFC phase out and rapidly increase up towards 2050 g 3 5 0 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Year SOURCE Velders et al 2009 o FAIR CONDITIONING 7 CBALANCE Increased GHG Emissions Fig 2 HFC vs CO emis
12. companies such as Sainsbury s COOP Bank British Land Coopllands Bakery Nestle Dunnes Stores Braehead Foods BP Roche Pharmaceuticals and Welcome Break Motorway Services Developed a central air conditioning and hot water supply system prototype using hydrocarbon zeotropic blend of isobutene and propane The system uses air and water as the heat source and heat sink to provide cooling heating and hot water production It is yet to be commercialised FAIR CONDITIONING CBALANCE 11 EXAMPLES OF R290 ACs MANUFACTURES AND USED IN INDIA AND OTHER PARTS OF WORLD Markets a variety of Domestic and Commercial HC AC that are manufactured in China and Thailand According to the company the HC ACs perform with 15 to 20 better energy efficiency than company s Australia Benson Air Conditioning previous R22 range Has a vide variety of Product Range whose capacities ranging from 2 31 KW to 17 5 KW with charge size varying from 300 gram to 1 2 Kg and Range varying from Wall mounted Split Systems to Ducted Systems oiL FAIR CONDITIONING CBALANCE 11 EXAMPLES OF R290 ACs MANUFACTURES AND USED IN INDIA AND OTHER PARTS OF WORLD China 21 Go nergie et soci t Gree Electric Appliances Developed propane R290 domestic split air conditioner with a COP of 3 52 3 55 and its energy efficiency is 15 better than corresponding HCFC 22 units In 2011 Gree officially launched its production line for the h
13. f combustible materials 6 The equipment housing should be designed to prevent or inhibit interference from others possibly by Locks etc Consideration should be given to the positioning of the equipment with regards to areas where people may congregate or gather Do not install system in Humid places and do not clean the system with water fl Air Conditioner must be kept away from fire spark with energy gt 20mJ hot surfaces gt 450 deg C to prevent the ignition of R290 Auto ignition temp 540 deg C 8 If anything irregular occurs like burnt parts smell loud noise then disconnect the system immediately and isolate the system from electric supply 6 oc 21 FAIR CONDITIONING CBALANCE Safety Considerations for R290 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS DURING MAINTENANCE amp RE CHARGING e Regular maintenance and system checks have to be made e Any technician working on a system must be properly trained and certified with the appropriate qualifications 2 Before servicing the unit the surrounding area where the work will be done must be clear of safety hazards to ensure safe working It e Nevertheless it is required to carry out a risk assessment in order to minimise the risk of ignition of R 290 e It is recommended to isolate the working environment in order to keep out any unauthorised personnel 6 e Itis prohibited to store any combustible goods within the working environment e Within two
14. ity Non Flammability Safety Factor A Changes to System Construction must be addressed Lower Toxicity Higher Flammability Safety Factor A3 HC R290 and R1270 Changes to System Construction must be addressed and reduce charge size to mitigate flammability Risk Higher Toxicity Lower Flammability Safety Factor B2 Ammonia R717 Specially for Indirect Systems or Direct Systems in unoccupied spaces store rooms Needs Specialized Design Work Lower Toxicity Non Flammability Safety Factor A1 Restriction in application has higher operating pressures so cannot be used in existing systems Supercritical cycle demands expert design CL FAIR CONDITIONING CBALANCE Carbon Dioxide R744 AC Refrigerants Analysis Economic Price Perspective Natural Refrigerants Are Inexpensive Universally Available e No Patent Direct Material cost Refrigerant Cost of HC AC and Conventional ACs are not significant for comparison e Life Cycle Analysis of HC AC with Conventional AC is presented in slides no 19 28 Slides oc 21 FAIR CONDITIONING BALANCE AC Refrigerants Analysis Efficiency Perspective Natural Refrigerants Are Energy Efficient Parameters R22 R290 R1270 R410A R32 Volumetric Refrigerating sa on 4359 3716 4643 6275 6824 Relative to R22 0 15 2 44 57 Discharge Temperature 95 77 83 92 111 Deg C Relative to R22 Deg C 0 18 13 3 15 Coefficient of Peron mane KK 4 23 4 28 4 21
15. nted h 1 8 m for wall mounted h 2 2 m for ceiling mounted 621 fAIR CONDITIONING CBALANCE conomie nergie et soci t Safety Considerations for R290 KEY SAFETY CRITERIA COMPLIANCE by GODREJ EON AC B TECHNICAL FEATURES amp SPECIFICATIONS FOR SAFETY Additional protection sleeves are provided on the wire to disable the chances of accidental combustion Limitation of installation pipe length up to 6m only to ensure refrigeration charge does not exceed mass required to mitigate chances of accidental combustion N GMCC PH310G2C 4KTH compressor e Internal OLP Overload Protection for compressor and burst proof capacitor C CONSIDERATION OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR SAFETY e European standard EN 378 limitation is 3607365gm for a 1 5T SAC HCACs are within this limit D TECHNICAL EXPERT SUPPORT Service capabilities across India N Installation and post installation support for the products E PROVED ENERGY SAVINGS N HCAC achieve the Energy Savings primarily because of lower working pressure than R22 N Godrej can share PH for specific customers as the need arises unable to share the PH at present due to design confidentiality o FAIR CONDITIONING CBALANCE Basic Safety Concept CNG as a fuel is flammable but would you call a CNG Car Flammable LPG as a fuel is flammable but would you call your kitchen Flammable oc 21 FAIR CONDITIONI
16. on Global Warming Life Years Potential Potential 100 Year Integration R22 Chloro Difloro Methane 11 9 0 034 1700 R410A R32 R125 50 50 0 2000 R32 Methylene Fluoride 5 0 550 R290 Propane 0 3 3061 R1270 Propylene 0 1 8116 R744 Carbon Dioxide gt 50 0 1 R717 Ammonia 0 0 GE FAIR CONDITIONING CBALANCE AC Refrigerants Analysis There is no Ideal Refrigerant Gas but Natural Refrigerant are Globally Preferable oc 21 fAIR CONDITIONING CBALANCE R22 a HCFC Refrigerant which is in Phasing out Condition is used for Comparison and It depletes ozone and has high Global Warming Potential R32 and R410A HEC Refrigerants are having high Global Warming Potential of 2000 and 550 respectively and has Safety Factor of A2 and A1 R290 and R1270 HC Refrigerants are not harmful to either Ozone nor Contribute to Global Warming but these are flammable Refrigerants having safety factor A3 R717 Ammonia Refrigerant is an environmental friendly gas but it is a toxic gas and flammable gas having safety factor B2 R744 Carbon Dioxide is an environmental friendly and safe gas to use but demands higher operating pressure and expert design AC Refrigerants Analysis Safety Perspective Natural Refrigerants Need Some Precautions Lower Toxicity Lower Flammability Safety Factor A2 HFC R32 Changes to System Construction must be addressed L R 1 HFC R410A ower Toxic
17. one Depleting Potential ODP Montreal Protocol e Reduction of CO equivalent emissions Kyoto Protocol oc 21 FAIR CONDITIONING 7 CBALANCE Types e Natural Refrigerants can be divided into Hydrocarbons Propane R290 Propylene R1270 R600a Ammonia Carbondioxide Q 21 a FAIR CONDITIONING CBALANCE Applications and Limitations e Ammonia Application Large air conditioning systems chillers commercial amp industrial refrigeration storage food brewing heat extraction ice rinks etc Limitation Ideal amp efficient refrigerant if used in accordance with national safety standards and codes of practice e Carbon Dioxide Application Static mobile air conditioning systems warehousing commercial refrigeration chill cabinets and vending machines process chilling low and ultra low temperature applications Limitation Often used as a secondary refrigerant along with ammonia thereby opening up applications where ammonia as a single stage refrigerant would not be applicable e Hydrocarbon Refrigerants Applications Industrial and domestic air conditioning domestic appliances commercial and industrial refrigeration chill cabinets and vending machines heat pumps low and ultra low temperature applications Limitation Extremely inflammable oc 21 FAIR CONDITIONING 7 CBALANCE Benefits Regulatory Compliance In many countries the use and availabili
18. or gases is provided through several flame paths of very less tolerance I Importance to protect flame paths during installation handling maintenance shipping etc Even a slight damage to the flame paths can permit gases to escape and ignite the surrounding atmosphere oc 21 FAIR CONDITIONING 3 CBALANCE Safety Considerations for R290 KEY SAFETY CRITERIA AC CIRCUIT CHARGE LEVEL EN 378 For Systems That Contain Charge Size more than 150 g 2007 and DIS ISO 5149 Typically HC achieve A3 classification The maximum charge for any 2007 refrigerant depends on the occupancy category and on the location of the refrigerant containing parts For Category A type of occupancy general occupancy not restricted at all Dwellings and public places maximum charge limits are as below System in Human occupied 1 5 Kg If System is placed above spaces the Ground level System in mechanically 130 LFL of the Refrigerant ventilated enclosure System in Open Area 5 0 Kg If System is placed above the Ground level Allowable charge quantities are calculated based on the formula giving due considerations to area of the room and height at which ACs are placed Arm Ma 2 5 LEL 1 25 h Arm Room Area Mn Allowable Mass per Circuit LEL Lower Explosive Limit Kg m3 for R290 is 0 038 Kg m3 h Height in m according to position of the equipment h 0 6 m for floor mounted h 1m for window mou
19. r R290 refrigerant supplied by Earthcare for comfort air conditioning e Achieves minimized environmental impact through combination of natural refrigerants and optimal energy efficiency R290 Chiller installed at Church House Westminster Abbey Source 1 Natural Gas CIBSE Journal June 12 2 Case Study Church House Westminster Abbey Nicholas Cox Earthcare o FAIR CONDITIONING CBALANCE R290 Central AC System Savings Achieved 225 900 332 400 4 15 2 82 14 231 20 941 21 2 fAIR CONDITIONING 11 References 1 Hydrocarbon Refrigerants For Room Air Conditioners Daniel Colbourne for GIZ Proklima March 2011 2 Barriers to the use of low GWP refrigerants in developing countries and opportunities to overcome these Barriers Report UNEP UNIDO Daniel Colbourne Rajendra Shende 2011 http www unep fr ozonaction information mmcfiles 7476 e Report low WPbarriers pdf 3 Refrigerant Data Summary James M Calm and Glenn C Hourahan 4 Standard 34 ASHRAE American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers 5 Explosive Limits of different refrigerants http www mathesongas com pdfs products Lower LEL amp Upper UEL Explosive Limits pdf 6 Installation and service manual Models GWCO9AA KSNNA6A GREE Giz deutsche gesellschaft fur internationale zusammenarbeit giz gmbh 7 Experimental Assessment of HC 290 as a Substitute to HCFC 22
20. sions hiig graph CO Global CO HFG emissions and HFC emissions up 60 to 2050 The line that is GWP weighted 100 yr most important is the one 8 representing CO emissions 5 if they are kept below 450 g 40 ppm the 2 C threshold If Q you compare that with HFC C 30 emissions in 2050 then 2 HFCs are responsible for 3 20 between 28 and 45 E of carbon emissions 10 F 0 m anni 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Year SOURCE Velders et al 2009 oc 21 FAIR CONDITIONING CBALANCE Increased GHG Emissions in fact since the implementation of the UNFCCC s Kyoto Protocol HFC emissions have risen by 15 a year HFCs don t deplete the ozone layer like their predecessors but they are very powerful greenhouse gases If left unchecked HFCs will counteract other global climate action The consequences of the rapid growth in HFC emissions are shocking a recent peer reviewed report by top scientists shows that if we only focus on reducing CO and do nothing about HFGs they will be responsible for between 28 and 45 of carbon equivalent emissions by 2050 Even if we don t act on CO HFCs would still be responsible for between 10 and 20 of carbon equivalent emissions by 2050 oc 21 FAIR CONDITIONING CBALANCE SYNTHETIC AND NATURAL REFRIGERANTS FOR AC Source Hydrocarbon Refrigerants For Room Air Conditioners Daniel Colbourne for GIZ Proklima March 2011 GE FAIR CONDITIONING C3CB
21. stallation Repair Modification maintenance disposal Safety can be addressed by using 5 broad classifications A B C D During Construction Manufacturing During Operation During Maintenance Recharging During Disposal Additional Safety Considerations fAIR CONDITIONING conomie nergie et soci t C3 CRALANCE 2s Safety Considerations for R290 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS DURING CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING All tubing joints should be brazed properly should not be installed in such a way that bends or joints are stressed and should be cross checked 7 Since R290 is denser than air it will collect at the bottom of the enclosure in case of leakage therefore the base is constructed as a leak proof pan so that any releases will be held within the enclosure 8 At least one gas sensor is positioned inside air tight enclosure where upon exceeding a pre set concentration the gas sensor isolates the electricity supply and also give a warning signal Even if the total HC 290 leaked make sure that the concentration is below the explosive density of R290 43 6 to 175 g m3 I e The electrical components like capacitor thermostat switch has to be sealed 7 No valves and detachable joints must be located in areas accessible to the general public Ensured that the refrigerant charge of the of the system do not exceed the charge size limits e All refrigerant containing and other critical parts of
22. the equipment must be protected from mechanical damage oc 21 FAIR CONDITIONING C3CBALANCE Safety Considerations for R290 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS DURING CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING Equipment housing should be designed and constructed to be robust resistant to weathering and other forms of damage Insulate all tube connections professionally to avoid formation of water condensation and water damage to the rooms Labeling of the system with the type and quantity of refrigerant inside ll When designing pipe work and selecting components it is preferable to have as few pipe joints and seals Ensure that all the materials that are to be used within the refrigeration system particularly valve seals o rings etc are fully compatible with the HC refrigerant to be used It is important to be aware that the compatibility of refrigerants l l Where vibration eliminators or flexible connectors are required they must be installed ensure that they do not cause catastrophic leakage Storage and Handling of Product and parts has to be done by taking utmost care oc 21 FAIR CONDITIONING 3 CBALANCE gt Safety Considerations for R290 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS DURING OPERATION Smoking has to be prohibited 6 The equipment should be positioned so that there is always good free ventilation around all sides of the equipment and it will not be inhibited by any permanent or temporary blockages The area should be free o
23. ty of HCFCs and HFCs are controlled by legislation due to their environmental impact Not subject to the Montreal Protocol Kyoto Protocol or other related local environmental legislation Low environment impact They have zero ODP and minimal GWP In comparison commonly used HCFCs and HFCs have a GWP varying from hundered to thousands High Performance They have excellent thermodynamic properties Cost competitiveness Use of natural refrigerants generally leads to lower operating costs due to less leakage lower maintenance requirements and better energy efficiency Compatibility Natural refrigerants work well with commonly used oil and fluids oc 21 FAIR CONDITIONING 7 CBALANCE AC Refrigerants Analysis THE PRINCIPAL CRITERIA FOR REFRIGERANT GAS Different refrigerant options of ACs are compared with each other on three main characteristics which are Environmental Safety Efficiency Price Q 21 FAIR CONDITIONING CBALANCE Go nergie et soci t AC Refrigerants Analysis Data RYA AWE Calak A De UP UT 2 KAN DAKIR en Ref igerant Safety Tox c ty Classification Class A Class B higher chronic toxicity lower chronic toxicity Class 1 ee eme A1 B1 propagation lower a be ig higher flammability EG Class 3 AC Refrigerants Analysis Environmental Perspective Natural Refrigerants Green Coloured Are Best Refrigerants Atmospheric Ozone Depleti
24. xamination suitable measures need to be identified in order to avoid a recurrent appearance of the leak Before embarking on the repair ensure that the refrigerant has been removed and the system flushed with OFDN especially if brazing is to take place After each intervention into a refrigeration system repairing leaks replacing components brazing the system must be subject to a leak test and following strength test of the system oc 21 FAIR CONDITIONING 3 CBALANCE Safety Considerations for R290 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS DURING DISPOSAL e Recovering of the refrigerant must be done by trained technician e During recovery ensure that there is no Spark Flame Hot Surface around the system e Recovery of the refrigerant must be done at the end of the system life 8 e Recovery must be done in ventilated environment If at all leak occurs the concentration of R290 gets reduced oc 21 FAIR CONDITIONING WE Safety Considerations for R290 OTHER SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS R290 is a Class 1 type of flammable material must be enclosed in strong enclosure IP Enclosure should be strong enough to sustain internal explosion The walls must be thick enough to withstand internal strain during explosion P The equipment must provide a way for burning gases to escape a Only after the gases have been cooled off and their flames are quenched PI b This will avoid the damage to the external surrounding The escape route f
25. ydrocarbon air conditioners with a capacity of 100 000 HC AC units per year Gree produces hydrocarbon portable AC and dehumidifiers The company reports 10 efficiency gains with the portable AC units and 20 efficiency gains with the dehumidifiers Gree AC Capacity Ranges from 9K BTU hr to 12K BTU hr with charge size from 265gram to 330gram Gree has included safety measures in the system by installing a refrigerant leak alarm system that turns off the compressor keeps fans operating and sets off an alarm with flashing lights fAIR CONDITIONING CBALANCE Natural Refrigerant Split ACs oc 21 FAIR CONDITIONING 7 CBALANCE HC AC vs Conventional Split Window ACs A EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT Power Consumption Comparison Coventional vs Hydrocarbon ACs watts W E Conventional ACs n HC ACs 2 473 2 403 1 917 1 796 1 426 1 298 1 197 951 Window 1 ton Window 1 5 ton Window 2 ton Split 1 ton Split 1 5 ton Split 2 ton Dem a fAIR CONDITIONING CBALANCE HC AC vs Conventional Split Window ACs A EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT Energy Efficiency Ratio Comparison Coventional vs Hydrocarbon ACs EER kW cooling kW power Conventional ACs M HC ACs 3 70 3 70 3 70 3 70 2 94 2 94 2 93 2 71 2 75 Window 1 ton Window 1 5 ton Window 2 ton Split 1 ton Split 1 5 ton Split 2 ton oc 21 fAIR CONDITIONING HOME COOLING AND OI mez gt Nnmx ms ZzmIi
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