Model 3321/3322 LCZ Meter
Contents
1. Modei 3322 only NOTE Limits shown do not include resistance standards tolerances Table 1 6 Resistance Accuracy Reading Limits 0 for 1Vrms Level Resistance 9 Reading Limits 23 1 C at Indicated Frequency Hz Standard 100 200 1k 2k 10k 20k 50k 100k Value 120 500 5k 0 0 08 0 0 05 0 0 03 0 0 08 0 0 1 0 0 15 0 0 25 0 0 5 D 0 08 0 005 O 0 03 O 0 06 0 0 1 0 0 15 000 259 0 0 6 0 0 09 0 0 05 0 0 03 0 0 06 0 0 08 0 0 12 0 0 3 0 0 6 0 0 1 0 0 06 0 0 04 0 0 08 0 0 15 0 0 2 0 0 4 0 0 8 Model 3322 only 1 10 SECTION1 Performance Verification Table 1 7 Resistance Accuracy Reading Limits 1Z1 for 50mVrms Level I ZI Reading Limits 23 1 C at Indicated Frequency Hz 100 99 8 to 99 85 to 99 77 to 98 4 to 100 242 100 15 100 2362 101 60 Resistance Standard Value 0 9985 to 1 0015kQ 0 9977 to 1 0023kQ 0 984 to 1 016kQ 0 998 to 1 002k92 9 8 to 10 2kQ 9 984 to 10 016kQ 9 976 to 10 024kQ 9 975 to 10 025k4 99 68 to 100 32kQ 97 to 103kQ 99 7 to 100 3kQ 99 84 to 100 16kQ NOTE Limits shown do not include resistance standards tolerances Table 1 8 Resistance Accuracy Reading Limits 0 for 50m Vrms Level 0 Reading2. 2 4 IMPEDANCE CALCULATION Impedance is calculated by dividing the voltage vector by the current vector As a result impedance is expressed as the ratio of the magnitudes and the differences in phase between the two vectors Any current to voltage conversion errors are corrected based on factors deter mined when the instrument is calibrated In addition true impedance Z Rs jX is obtained by correcting re sidual impedance Zss and floating admittance Ypp and the instrument automatically calculates main and auxil iary parameters from Rs and X SECTION 2 P rinciples of Operation H CUR IHPOT L POT L CUR 2 Figure 2 1 Measuring System Block Diagram 2 2 SECTION 2 Principles of Operation r Oscillator i Control Freq Synth But AMP DC Bias Ckt Buf AMP Interface Key Board Interface Display A D Interface V Detector Power Supply Fi 2 3 SECTION 2 Principles of Operation 25 OSCILLATOR The oscillator Figure 2 3 is a digital direct synthesis type frequency synthesizer which uses a quartz oscilla tor to generate the reference frequency The quartz oscil lator is used to ensure that the synthesizer output re mains stable The synthesizer output which is a digital ramp signal is converted into a sine wave by the sine ROM and is then converted into an analog signal by the D A converter Since the D A converter output includes harmonics of the desired fundamental frequ
3. Warm up time 30 minutes Ambient temperature and humidity 23 5 C lt 90 RH Zero correction Performed under the above conditions Calibration period 12 months Accuracy of Z and 6 For 0 2Q s 121 20MQ see Table B 1 For Z lt 0 2Q see Table B 2 For 1Z gt 20MQ see Table B 3 Notes 1 When a measurement is made at twice line frequency the measured value may deviate beyond the accuracy range due to interaction with line frequency In this case use 100Hz for a 60Hz line and 120Hz for a 50Hz line 2 When the operating temperature is 5 40 C add the value shown in Table B 4 to thatin Table B 1 Double the values shownin Table B 2and B 3 3 Tables B 1 through B 3 show the worst case value in each impedance range Obtain the correct accuracy in the following ranges by linear interpolation e IZ 1M to 20M9 In this range as impedance increases accuracy decreases accl Accuracy shown in one range below the range including a Z in Table B 1 acc2 Accuracy worst case value shown in the range including a Z in Table B 1 IZI 0 2 to 20 In this range as impedance decreases accuracy decreases acc1 Accuracy worst case value shown in the range including a Z in Table B 1 acc2 Accuracy shown in one range above the range including a Z in Table B 1 acc acc1 Z2 Z acc2 Z Z1 22 Z1 Z Magnitude of measured impedance measured value Z1 Lower limit value of each impedanc
4. month Audio analyzer 10Hz 110kHz 0 01 accuracy at fullscale 1dB harmonic distortion accuracy from 10Hz to 15 99kHz 0 40VDC adjustable 5mVp p ripple Two leads terminated with banana plug and clip on probes 502 coaxial cable RG 58C male BNC connectors 2ft 0 6m Keithley PM 6654C PM 9678 VP 7722A Philips Panasonic DC power supply Test leads Keithley 1681 BNC interconnect cable BNC to alligator cable Test leads Test leads BNC banana adapter Capacitor Resistor Switch Keithley 7051 2 Keithley 7754 3 Coaxial cable male BNC connector two alligator clips 4 terminal alligator clip test lead set Kelvin clip test lead set Female BNC connector to double banana plug Keithley Keithley Pomona 3324 3325 1468 10uF 100VDC 10022 0 5 1 2W Single pole single throw Model 3321 3322 SECTION 1 Performance Verification Model PM 6654C Timer Counter Model 7051 2 Coaxial Cable Connect G to cable shield Figure 1 1 Model 3321 3322 Connections for Frequency Accuracy Measurement Model 197A DMM Pomona 1468 BNC Banana Model 7051 2 Coaxial Cable Connect G terminal to cable shield Figure 1 2 1 5 4 Measurement Signal Level Accuracy 1 Connect the Model 3321 3322 H CUR jack to the DMM as shown in Figure 1 2 Be sure to connect t
5. 024 0 06 0 04 0 1 024 12 0 07 0 2 0 5 3 59 06 2 0 10 0 0 4 1 2 6 0 0 2 0 12 200ks Z 2M 0 04 0 20 0 1 0 6 0 024 0 12 0 06 0 4 20ks 1 Z 1 lt 200k 0 06 03 0 024 0 12 6035 02 0 15 0 1 4 Conversioa diagram lt X SSS 4 i ouaaa 20k Frequency Hu SPT enpr rren rrr po Ope OS i L iz ib c z Figure A 1 Conversion Diagram from L or C to Z Examples of Determining Accuracy Ex 1 Find the accuracy when R 33kQ f 10kHz 1V while Q lt 0 1 1 Find theaccuracy from Table A 1 using the following parameters 1V 10kHz and 20k to 200k2 2 When operating within a temperature range from 5 to 40 C add the value in Table A 4 3 When accuracy is needed for 21MQ or 202 interpolate the value according to Note 3 4 Add 1 2 count of display value When the display shows a measured value of 33 14kQ the 1 2 count becomes 0 005kQ Ex 2 Find the accuracy when C 10uF f 1kHz 50mV while D lt 0 1 1 Find IZI from Figure A 1 Conversion Diagram Find the line descending from C 10pF Find the vertical line from frequency 1kHz Mark their intersection Extend a horizontal line from the intersection to the left side Read the value of 1Z 41602 Also you cancaiculate the a
6. 120Hz and the impedance is21M2 it will take time for the measured value to stabilize When measuring a device whoseimpedancechanges according to the magnitudeofthe measuring signal time will extend until the value of the device becomes stable Level switching stabilization time 200ms to 4s The level switching stabilization time will change according to the kinds of devices under test Time increases when measuring non linear elements such as diodes or when switching from 1V to 50mV This is the time required for the stabilization of measured values The time needed to change the device under test is excluded Bias stabilization time 4 0 015C s Where C capacitance of device under test UF Frequency switching stabilization time 150ms to 4s The frequency switching stabilization time increases when a high frequency is changed to a low frequency e g 100kHz to 120Hz Also time changes according to the device under test This is the time required for the stabilization of the measured value The time taken to change the device under test is excluded A 5 TRIGGER Trigger mode Automatic only Trigger delay time 0 to 199 99s A 6 MEASUREMENT TERMINALS 4 terminals BNC guard terminal A 7 SETUP MEMORY Memory Content All settable data except bias on off Battery Life 3 years minimum when stored at 40 C max A 8 GPIB Interface Functions 5H1 AH1 T6 L4 SR1 RL2 PPO DC1 DTI CO Setting Of the items settable vi
7. 3 0 0 10 0 04 10 15 08 0 18 0 08 0 18 1 5 2kslZ 20k 0 14 0 24 0 09 0 03 008 06 0 15 0 06 0 142 1 2 10 1Z1 lt 2k 0 13 0 1 T 0 7 0 20 0 15 0 23 1 6 en 0 07 gs ose loe jot loz 230 0 22 0 12 0 30 120 0 5 03 os so 0 55121 0 7 10 4 0 8 3 395 14 0 0 45 0 25 os 20 11 loe lo9 185 Z Accuracy reading shown on upper line 9 Accuracy degrees shown on lower line Table A 2 Accuracy of Z and 0 for Z 0 20 LEVEL z1V rms Frequency Hz 0slZI lt 0 2 1772 1 0 1 4 6 0 0 2m i 0 2m 0 3m 3m Z Accuracy reading R shown 0 Accuracy 8 Accuracy for 0 251 Z 0 5 in Table A 1 x 020 12 1 Table A 3 Accuracy of Z and 8 for Z1220MQ IY LEVEL z1V rms Frequency Hz IZI Accuracy Specified by the deviation S of admittance Yl shown 0 Accuracy 6 Accuracy for 10M lt Z 20M in Table A 1 x IZ 20MQ Table A 4 Additional Error for 5 40 C LEVEL 1Vrms LEVEL 50mVxms Frequency Hz Frequency Hz 120 to 100k Fr al 0 2 2 0 0 3 0129 L2 0 2 5Ms1Z1 lt 10M 1 0 0 2 s 0 07 0 6 0 12 2MS amp IZI 5M 0 04 0 3 0 09 ur 0 08 0 05 10 1Z lt 2k 26121410 1s Z1 lt 2 0 251Z1 lt 0 5 0 2 0 12 0 06 0 035 21 20k 0 024 0 024 005 0 035 Ra 0
8. 3322 frequency to 200Hz as follows A Press the SETUP key to enter the auxiliary setup mode The LED above the FREQ Hz marking blinks and the unit displays the present fre quency in the B DISPLAY area B Enter a frequency of 200Hz C Press the ENTER EXIT key twice to complete 200Hz programming Verify that the distortion reading is 0 395 or less Distortion Measurement Summary Distortion Frequency Reading Model 3322 only Model VP 7722A Distortion Analyzer Model 7051 2 Coaxial Cable terminal to cable shield Connections for Distortion Measurements 1 5 6 Output Impedance Accuracy 1 Connect the LCZ meter to the DMM switch and re sistor as shown in Figure 1 4 Be sure to connect the G terminal of the LCZ meter to the cable shield and be sure the resistor and switch are connected as shown Select the 2VAC range on the DMM Set the LCZ meter operating modes as follows FREQ 1kHz LEVEL 1Vrms BLAS OFF wn Mode 3321 3322 M Model 7754 3 Coaxial Cable LO Figure 1 4 Connections for Output Impedance Accuracy Tests SECTION 1 Performance Verification Set the switch to the open position then note the DMM reading Call this reading V Set the switch to the closed position then note the DMM reading Call this reading V2 Compute the output impedance from V and V as follows Zour 100 Vi V2 D Q Verify that the output impedance computed in step6
9. 7 1 0 20 1 0 0 6 0 5 0 6 i08 11 60 0 22 0 2 042 015 o3e Jose 06 12 06 1 04 0 3 104 0 5 107 3 6 0 5 121 1 0 7 065 0 4 0 5 082 1 2 1 295 332 18 11 2 1 095 12 11 5 18 10 0 045 04 025 03 os 072 10 20 1 1 07 0 6 07 109 11 60 0 2 lt 121 lt 0 5 14 1 1 08 11 1 25 18 27 26 12 9 215 Inu 0 9 07 11 16 159 i7 209 11302 IZ Accuracy reading shown on upper line 8 Accuracy degrees shown on lower line When SPEED FAST accuracy is 2 times amount shown Table B 2 Accuracy of 1Z and 0 for IZ 0 20 Zl Q 0 lt 1Z1 lt 0 2 1 7 1 596 1 0 0 2m 0 2m 0 2m IZI Accuracy reading R shown 9 Accuracy 8 Accuracy for 0 2 lt 1Z 0 5 in Table B 1 x 0 20 12 When SPEED FAST accuracy is 2 times amount shown LEVEL 1V rms SPEED MED or SLOW Frequency Hz a OR A Ed s 120 500 1 3 1 470 2 0 4 0 2m 0 3m 0 6m 1 5m 3m 3 0 6 0 Table B 3 Accuracy of Z and 0 for 2205402 LEVEL 1V rms SPEED MED or SLOW Frequency Hz mim RI 120 Sk uenisse aes 126 Joss ans rase nans 258 175 iZi Accuracy Specified by the deviation S of admittance 1 Y shown 8 Accuracy 8 Accuracy for 10MS Z 20M in Table B 1 x 121 20MQ When SPEED FAST accuracy is 2 times amount shown 1 2 1 6 1 0 4 0
10. Inductance Reading Checks ses corso aa ti HES LESS eM qure i aue d sq SECTION 2 Principles of Operation 21 22 23 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 INTRODUCTION i5 okie hw dette o XO RR he s Ra s akapa sem A asas BLOCK DIAGRAMS isse RR ERRARE pa E Rok See ro Roe E BORA da E RAO Re pa Rad dor e CURRENT AND VOLTAGE DETECTION eee IMPEDANCE CA LCULATION 2e rd ewe LAS AA OSCILLATOR 00070000047 a i hese GREG RE RSLS Pferd qon EER ARA qud ete e caca CURRENT TO VOLTAGE CONVERTER ANALYZER coso sis a a AE OEE ds He eee UPS OAS EEE en acras d E SECTION 3 Service Information 3 1 3 2 3 2 1 322 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 5 1 FUSE REPLACEMENT ce ss t a awa a aaa ta e v E eter pe S a S Ed LineFuse External Bias Fuse uu ek de a a Ww e m a TE ACE Reda SH AD CALIBRATION FAN FILTER REPAIR Factory Service 3 5 2 Cover 3 5 3 Battery Replacement 45 cor dain CaF Rae ESTE ES RO Rag EY d VR E X ICE ERA E eae a aed 3 5 4 Operation Check consuetu Sate vad esa awqa REG ob 3 ERA A T ROGO ag 3 5 5 Repair Summary ys is A AAA 3 6 REPLACEABLE PARTS 22 0 5 06054 a ior o a AAA arre 3 6 1 Parts List ius ee Dee EH ERN EE RI esed e odds A eee des 3 6 2 Ordering Paris duisi Ado oa Wu ve Wa s award ipe pad oe E Aue erri a APPENDICES A Model 3321 Specifications B Model 3322 Specifications List of lllustrat
11. Service 3 2 Fan Filter Cleaning 3 2 Frequency Accuracy 1 2 Fuse Replacement 3 1 Impedance Calculation 2 1 Inductance Reading Checks 1 12 Initial Conditions i 1 Internal Bias Voltage Accuracy 1 6 L Line Fuse 3 1 Line Power 1 1 M Measurement Accuracy Tests 1 8 Measurement Signal Distortion Measurement Signal Level Accuracy 1 3 Measurement Signal Tests 1 2 O Operation Check 3 4 Ordering Parts 3 5 Oscillator 24 Output Impedance Accuracy 1 5 P Parts List 3 5 Performance Verification 1 1 Principles of Operation 2 1 R Recommended Equipment Recommended Test Equipment Repair Repair Summary 3 4 Replaceable Parts 3 5 Resistance Measurement Accuracy 1 9 Resistance Standards Accuracy S Service Information V Verification Limits 1 1 KEITHLEY Service Form Model No Serial No Date Name and Telephone No Company List all control settings describe problem and check boxes that apply to problem Intermittent 4 Analog output follows display Particular range or function bad specify LJ IEEE failure Q Obvious problem on power up J Batteries and fuses are OK LJ Front panel operational CJ All ranges or functions are bad Q Checked all cables Display or output check one A Drifts J Unable to zero QO Unstable A Will not read applied input C Overload C Calibration only C Certificate of calibration required Data required at
12. ae x x x a o N 5 amp lt D i o e e e e 4m 8 o E N E t o i s T rrr rir 8 20M z a 200k 20k 10 2 4 200m 3 xd Impedance 2 un Figure B 1 Conversion Diagram from L or C to IZI Examples of Determining Accuracy Ex 1 Find the accuracy when Rz33kQ f 10kHz 1V while Q lt 0 1 1 Find the accuracy from Table B 1 using the following parameters 1V 10kHz and 20k to 200kQ 2 When the measuring speed is set to FAST double the accuracy value 3 When operating within a temperature range from 5 to 40 C add the value in Table B 4 4 When accuracy is needed for 21MQ or 2Q interpolate the value according to Note 3 5 Add 1 2count of display value When the display shows a measured value of 33 14k0 the 1 2 count becomes 0 005kQ Ex 2 Find the accuracy when C 10uF f 1kHz 50mV while D lt 0 1 1 Find IZ from Figure B 1 Conversion Diagram e Find the line descending from C 10uF Find the vertical line from frequency 1kHz Mark their intersection Extend a horizontal line from the intersection to the left side Read the value of Z 21602 Also you can calculate the accuracy using the following equation Zl 11 2z2fCI 2 Find the accuracy from Table B 1 using the following parameters 50mV 1kHz and 10 to 2kQ 3 When the measuring speed is set to F
13. current to ground increases substantially increasing the measurement er ror The error term is proportional to the product of Ra and the square of the frequency H CUR To DUT INT XT Bias Voltage Figure 2 4 Current to Voltage Converter 2 7 ANALYZER To eliminate the effects of a common mode signal the voltages Ev and Ex across the DUT and Rx are amplified by a differential amplifier and then routed to the A D converter through a signal conditioner consisting of am plifiers and a low pass filter Figure 2 5 The low pass filter attenuates any unwanted frequency components to prevent possible measurement errors MUX BN Diff AMP fc 500kHz SECTION 2 Principles of Operation DUT Device under test Ra Reference resistor 1000 1kQ t0kQ 50kO Floating admittance OP AMP Operational amplifier The variable gain amplifiers AMP X1 and AMP X8 are used to increase the resolution of the 16 bit A D con verter when the voltage and current are small The gain phase characteristics are measured at power on and in zero measurement OPEN and SHORT modes and the compensating factors are applied to subsequent imped ance measurements to ensure that amplifier characteris tics do not affect measurement accuracy 16 Bits 30kHz 2 5 SECTION 3 Service Information 3 1 INTRODUCTION This section contains information on fuse replacement instrument repair and replacement parts for the Model 3321 332
14. digits of the center value 4 digits of span DMM 7 Connect the DMM to measure the voltage across the 3 Set LCZ meter operating modes as follows capacitor A DISPLAY C NE E V a s esr pane switch Hazardous voltage gt 30V will be used in the BIAS ON or OFF in pes d below following steps Do not touch the capacitor y i tilthetesti t dth itori 4 For the Model 3322 only set the unit to RANGE 2 as ais aged SS E follows A Measure the value of the 10u4F capacitor in the RANGE AUTO mode DC BIAS OFF 8 Gradually increase the external DC power supply to B Verify that the Model 3322 is properly measur 40V ing the capacitor 9 Verify that the external bias fuse does not blow with C Press the RANGE AUTO key and check that 40V applied the AUTO LED goes off The unit is now set to 10 RANGE 2 Gradually decrease the external DC power supply to OV then disconnect the capacitor DC Power Supply 0 40V p Model 3321 3322 Front Pane Model 3321 3322 Front Panel Model 1974 DMM Measure DCV Pomona 1468 BNC Banana Adapter Model 7051 2 Coaxial Cable Kelvin Test Leads Figure 1 6 Connections for External Bias Voltage Range Tests 1 7 SECTION1 Performance Verification 1 6 MEASUREMENT ACCURACY TESTS Measurement accuracy tests include e R resistance measurement accuracy C capacitance reading checks L inductance reading checks 1 6 4 Environmental Conditions All resistance measurem
15. is within 2 of 100uH 982H to 1024 H Connect the 10mH 1 inductor to the test fixture terminals and verify that the inductance reading is within 2 of 10mH 9 8mH to 10 2mH SECTION 1 Performance Verification KEITHLEY LCZ METER owu CA DISPLAY DISPLAY Modei 3323 Test Fixture Sapacitar gr inductor Figure 1 8 Connections for Capacitance and Inductance Reading Checks SECTION 2 Principles of Operation 2 1 INTRODUCTION This section discusses basic circuit operating principles for the Models 3321 and 3322 22 BLOCK DIAGRAMS Figure 2 1 shows a block diagram of the measuring sys tem and Figure 2 2 is a hardware block diagram 2 3 CURRENT AND VOLTAGE DETECTION The instrument drives the device under test DUT with a signal from the built in oscillator and it detects the cur rent I flowing through the DUT and the voltage Ev across the DUT The current is converted to a voltage E by the operational amplifier and the reference resistor Rr Both AC signals Ev and Eiare converted into digital data by the A D converter The microprocessor then multi plies these signals by the reference sine wave and inte grates the resultant signal digitally to obtain the voltage and current vectors magnitude and phase with respect to the reference oscillator signal Using this method it is possible to measure only the fundamental oscillator fre quency component minimizing the effects of distortion and noise
16. is between 9782 and 1030 inclusive Modal 197A DMM Measure ACV Model 1681 Test Leads R 10022 0 576 1 2 W 1 5 SECTION 1 Performance Verification 1 5 7 Internal Bias Voltage Accuracy RANGE AUTO Mode 3322 only BIAS INT EXT INT rear panel switch 1 Connect the LCZ meter to the DMM using the Model BIAS ON 3324 cables see Figure 1 5 Note that connections 4 Verify that DMM reading is between 1 9V and 2 1V are intended to measure the voltage between the H inclusive CUR and L CUR terminals 5 Setthe LCZ meter to BIAS OFF 2 Select the 2VDC range on the DMM 6 Select the 200mVDC range on the DMM 3 Set the LCZ meter operating modes as follows 7 Verify that the DMM reading is OV 10mV A DISPLAY C LEVEL 50mVrms Model 3321 3322 Model 197A DMM Measure DCV Red HCUR Biack LCUR DMM Test Leads Red HCUR C E Model 3324 4 Terminal Test Leads Black LCUR Figure 1 5 Connections for Internal Bias Voltage Accuracy Tests 1 6 SECTION 1 Performance Verification 1 5 8 Check the voltage across the capacitor with BIAS External DC Bias Voltage Range 5 OFF and with BIAS ON and a 0 35V external bias voltage setting on the DC power supply Connect the LCZ meter to the DC power supply ca 6 Disconnect the DMM and measure the capacitor pacitor and DMM as shown in Figure 1 6 value Verify that the reading is stable to within 2 Select the DCV function and auto ranging on the
17. 1 Accuracy of Z 100 9 max min Measured value 9 Accuracy 9 degree 4 Find the maximums and minimums of the parameters for the four sets of combinations of maximums and minimums of Z and 0 using the calculating equation of each parameter B is a susceptance i e an imaginary component of admittance ESR Z1 cos 9 G 1Z1 cos 8 X 1ZIsin8 B 1 1Zi1 sin8 Ls X 2rf Lp 1 2nfB Cs 1 2nfX Cp B 2rf Q Isin cos 6 D cos6 Isin 5 The accuracy is the value that the error of 1 2 count of display is added to maximum value measured value or minimum value measured value whichever is greater A 2 MEASURING SIGNAL Frequency Range 120 1k 10k 100k Hz Accuracy 0 005 450ppm Signal level HCUR open voltage with terminal 1Vrms 3 at 1kHz 4 at 120Hz to 10kHz 15 at 100kHz 50mVrms 15 at 1kHz 6 at 120Hz to 10kFiz 7 at 100kHz DC bias Internal 2V 15 External 0 to 35V A 3 MEASURING RANGE Numberof ranges 6 Reference resistance 1000 1k22 10kQ 50kQ upper and lower extension ranges 2 Selection Automatic A 4 MEASURING SPEED reference value Measuring time fixed range and auto trigger mode When the range is not switched the following values become effective 150ms typ 1kHz 1kQ 600ms max all ranges all frequencies Automatic range switching time per range The automatic range switching time is nearly equal to the measuring time When the frequency is
18. 12 39 8 0 5 0 14 0 8 5 28 0 16 0 Table B 4 Additional Error for 5 40 C LEVEL 1Vrms LEVEL 50mVrms Frequency Hz Frequency Hz Bue ues 10k 100k 10k 100k 0122 fos 129 022 20 0 075 03 06 1012 0 9 0 04 015 0 3 op 0 5 0 024 0 06 0 12 0 06 0 2 0 024 0 06 0 12 0 035 0 10 2ks Z 20k 0 04 0 06 0 06 0 15 0 024 0 024 0 05 0 035 0 035 0 1 0 024 0 024 0 05 0 035 0 035 0 1 0 024 0 03 0 06 0 12 0 2 0 6 004 0 05 0 1 024 0 4 0 07 0 08 029 lose 07 0 2S1Z1 lt 0 5 0 2 0 2 0 6 2 0 3 0 0 129 0 12 0 4 1 22 2 09 10M lt 1Z 20M aasta hurar Qum XX xx s Kone 4 lt ae x n CORY x lt lt lt lt lt xy SS SS eS m2 r r r 8 2 x 8 S a impedance Z 11 Frequency Hz ta Conversion diagram Ss we S S LI e prs S I ducta ce L X Y 3 LN ZN AN A parara it y Y t P 2 gt e 2 UA Y Y Y Y Ao e ava T i ref ere Doer LLL ai rm TU m q 5 E SAS i T moner porrer pe T STAT pr ra parr r pi uro
19. 2 3 2 FUSE REPLACEMENT The following paragraphs discuss replacement of the line fuse and external bias fuse WARNING Disconnect the line cord and all other equip ment from the instrument before replacing fuses CAUTION Using the wrong fuse type may result in in strument damage 3 2 1 Line Fuse The line fuse which is located on the rear panel protects the power line input from excessive current To replace the fuse first unplug the line cord then pry out the fuse holder from the bottom of the line power receptacle Re place the fuse only with the type recommended in Table 3 1 Table 3 1 Recommended Line Fuses Keithley Line Part Voltage Description Number 100V 120V 1 24 250V normal blow 5mm x 20mm 220V 240V 1 4A 250V normal blow 5mm x 20mm Part number not available at time of printing Contact repair department 3 2 2 External Bias Fuse The external bias fuse protects the instrument from ex cessive current supplied by an external DC bias source To replace this fuse simply unscrew the fuse holder then replace with the following type 0 1A 250V fast blow 5mm x 20mm 3 33 CALIBRATION Model 3321 3322 calibration requires a computer pro gram which is available as part of a calibration kit Cali 3 1 SECTION 3 Service Information bration kits are available free of charge from the factory Please call 1 800 552 1115 to obtain your calibration kit 3 4 FAN FILTER CLEA
20. 5k 120 500 5k 20 0 7 0 14 5 13 5 6 0 85 17 0 15 10 Jose 15 20 308 8 0 1200 40 25 20 135 150 100 10 09 3 5 2 2 11 7 2749 13 5 7 0 gt 99 Jose 04 Jose 13 13 40 60 20 i13 10 16 20 40 5 0 20 1 2 0 9 11 2 16 3 5 0 45 0 3 loz 03 oe los 20 30 1 2 pose o6 joge 30 1200 3 0 1 0 10 6 0 4 0 6 0 8 11 6 12 0 0 22 0 15 0 1 0 15 02 03 10 20 0 6 0 35 0 25 035 10 5 09 7 0 200k IZ 1 1M 0 159 0 2 0 27 2 0 0 5 10 4 03 0 35 04 0 7 6 0 0 15 0 12 o 09 0 122 0 16 02 0 6 12 0 3 0 25 0 18 0 20 0 25 104 36 0 1 0 185 0 25 0 3 1 2 1039 0 2 0 16 0 24 0 32 0 40 18 0 10 0 06 0 04 0 08 0 15 022 0 4 0 8 0 18 0 12 0 08 0 14 0 18 0 23 10 0 1 0 129 0 15 0 8 0 25 0 18 0 16 0 2 0 24 0 35 1 4 0 09 0 05 003 0 06 0 08 012 0 3 0 6 0 15 10 09 0 06 0 12 0 14 0 20 0 8 0 13 0 1195 0 1 rea oe eae 0 7 0 20 0 18 0 15 0 20 0 23 0 32 1 2 0 08 0 05 0 03 0 08 0 1 1015 0 25 0 5 0 12 0 09 0 06 0 12 0 13 0 18 0 7 0 25 0 2 0 15 0 2 0 32 0 5 0 8 1 5 0 5 0 35 0 25 0 35 0 5 0 7 3 4 0 15 020 oo 0 12 029 03 o4 lose 03 0 20 0 14 020 03 04 20 0 35 0 3 0
21. 9 59 64 69 INDIA Keithley Instruments GmbH Flat 2B WILOCRISSA 14 Rest House Crescent Bangalore 560 001 91 80 509 1320 21 Fax 91 80 509 1322 ITALY Keithley Instruments s r 1 Viale S Gimignano 38 20146 Milano 02 48 30 30 08 Fax 02 48 30 22 74 NETHERLANDS Keithley Instruments B V Postbus 559 4200 AN Gorinchem 0183 635333 Fax 0183 630821 SWITZERLAND Keithley Instruments SA Kriesbachstrasse 4 8600 D bendorf 01 821 94 44 Fax 01 820 30 81 TAIWAN Keithley Instruments Taiwan 1 Fi 85 Po Ai Street Hsinchu Taiwan R O C 886 3572 9077 Fax 886 3572 903 10 99 Model 3321 3322 LCZ Meter Service Manual 1991 Keithley Instruments Inc Test Instrumentation Group All rights reserved Cleveland Ohio U S A August 1991 First Printing Document Number 3321 902 01 Rev A All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments Inc Other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders odftety Precautions The following safety precautions should be observed before using the Model 3321 3322 LCZ Meter and any associated instruments This instrument is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury Read over this manual carefully before using the instrument Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present a
22. AST double the accuracy value 4 When operating within a temperature range from 5 to 40 C add the value in Table B 4 5 When accuracy is needed for 21MQ or lt 2Q interpolate the value according to Note 3 6 Add 1 2 count of display value Ex 3 Find the accuracy when L 6801 H f 100kHz while Q gt 10 1 Find Z from Figure B 1 Conversion Diagram Draw a straight line from L 6804H in parallel with the ascending lines Find the intersection with the vertical line at frequency 100kHz e Read Z asshowninEx 2 Also you can calculate the accuracy using the foilowing equation Z I2nfLI 2 Find the accuracy from Table B 1 using the following parameters f 100kHz and 10 to 2kQ Repeat procedures 3 to 6 in Ex 2 Ex 4 Find the accuracy of Z at any 0 and for parameters other than 9 1 Measure 1Z 1 and 6 or calculate the accuracy using the other param eters Qz1 D 161 larctan Q 2nfLs ESR Izi l2nfLs sin 8l 1 QnfCs ESR 11 2xfCs sin 9 2nfCp G 11 QrfCp sin 6 1 2nfLp G 2xfLp sin 8l f Frequency Hz Suffix s Series equivalent circuit p Parallel equivalent circuit 2 Find the accuracies of Z and 8 Refer to Ex 1 3 Find the maximums and minimums of iZ and 0 from the measured values and accuracies of Z and Z max min Measured value Z x 1 Accuracy of Z 100 9 max min Measured value 9 z Accuracy 6 degree 4 Find the maximums and minimums o
23. HER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE THE REMEDIES PRO VIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES NEITHER KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS INC NOR ANY OF ITS EMPLOYEES SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF ITS INSTRUMENTS AND SOFTWARE EVEN IF KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS INC HAS BEEN ADVISED IN ADVANCE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES SUCH EXCLUDED DAMAGES SHALL INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIM ITED TO COSTS OF REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION LOSSES SUSTAINED AS THE RESULT OF INJURY TO ANY PERSON OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY KEITHLEY Keithley Instruments Inc 28775 Aurora Road Cleveland OH 44139 e 440 248 0400 Fax 440 248 6168 http www keithley com BELGIUM Keithley Instruments B V Bergensesteenweg 709 B 1600 Sint Pieters Lecuw 02 363 00 40 Fax 02 363 00 64 CHINA Keithley Instruments China Yuan Chen Xin Building Room 705 12 Yumin Road Dewai Madian Beijing 100029 lt 8610 62022886 Fax 8610 62022892 FRANCE Keithley Instruments Sari B P 60 3 all e des Garays 91122 Palaiseau C dex 01 64 53 20 20 Fax 01 60 11 77 26 GERMANY Keithley Instruments GmbH Landsberger Strasse 65 D 82110 Germering 089 84 93 07 40 Fax 089 84 93 07 34 GREAT BRITAIN Keithley Instruments Ltd The Minster 58 Portman Road Reading Berkshire RG30 1EA 0118 9 57 56 66 Fax 0118
24. Limits 23 1 C at Indicated Frequency Hz 0 0 12 0 0 06 0 0 13 Resistance Standard Value 0 0 12 0 0 06 0 0 13 0 0 15 0 0 06 0 0 14 0 41 2 0 0 18 09 0 08 0 0 18 0 1 5 SECTION 1 Performance Verification 1 6 5 Cap and Capacitance Reading Checks acitance reading checks are made using the 100pF O 01uF capacitors summarized in Table 1 4 NOTE The capacitance reading check procedure is not based on instrument accuracy specifica tions and is included only to show that the in strument properly displays capacitance read ings As noted previously verification of re sistance measurement accuracy is sufficient to verify capacitance measurement accuracy Procedure 1 1 12 Set the Model 3321 3322 operating modes as fol lows A DISPLAY C DISPLAY D CKT MODE SER FREQ 1kHz LEVEL 1Vrms SPEED MED Model 3322 only RANGE AUTO Model 3322 only Connect the Model 3323 Direct Test Fixture to the unit Figure 1 8 but do not connect the capacitor to the test fixture at this time Short the test fixture terminals by connecting a bare wire between them Press ZERO SHORT and allow the instrument to complete the zero cycle Remove the shorting wire after the zero cycle is completed Press ZERO OPEN and allow the instrument to complete the zero cycle Connect the 100pF 1 capac
25. MORIES Number of Setups 10 One of the 10 setups saves the data at power off Memory Content All settable data except bias on off Battery Life 3 years minimum when stored at 40 C max B 9 GPIB Interface Functions SH1 AH1 T6 L4 SR1 RL2 PPO DC1 DT1 CO Setting Ofthe items settable via the front panel all the parameters except address and delimiter of GPIB can be set Also trigger OPEN SHORT compensation and memory operation can be performed Readout All the settable parameters measurement data and status Standards Based on JEEE 488 1978 and IEEE 488A 1980 Code 150 7 bit code ASCH code B 10 GENERAL Power requirements AC line voltage selectable to 100V 120V 220V 240V 10 250V max 48 to 62Hz approx 21VA Operating Environment 0 to 40 C 10 to 90 RH non condensing Storage Environment 10 to 50 C 10 to 80 RH non condensing Dimensions Weight 216mm wide x 132 5mm high x 350mm deep 8 1 2 in x 5 1 4 in x 12 3 4 in excluding protrusions Net weight 3 6kg 7 91b FRONT VIEW Figure B 2 Dimensions rj 2 E E Index A Analyzer 2 5 Battery Replacement Block Diagram 2 1 C Calibration 3 1 Capacitance Reading Checks 1 12 Cover Removal 3 2 Current and Voltage Detection 2 1 Current to Voltage Converter 2 4 E Environmental Conditions 1 2 1 8 External Bias Fuse 3 1 External DC Bias Voltage Range 1 7 F Factory
26. Model 3321 3322 LCZ Meter Service Manual ISOHANGE GAPACITORE VORU conNECHAG di UNKNOWN UX EUR por Contains Operating and Servicing Information KEITHLEY WARRANTY Keithley Instruments Inc warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of 1 year from date of shipment Keithley Instruments Inc warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment probes cables rechargeable batteries diskettes and documentation During the warranty period we will at our option either repair or replace any product that proves to be defective To exercise this warranty write or call your local Keithley representative or contact Keithley headquarters in Cleveland Ohio You will be given prompt assistance and return instructions Send the product transportation prepaid to the indicated service facility Repairs will be made and the product returned transportation prepaid Repaired or replaced products are warranted for the balance of the original warranty period or at least 90 days LIMITATION OF WARRANTY This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification without Keithley s express written consent or misuse of any product or part This warranty also does not apply to fuses software non rechargeable batteries damage from battery leakage or problems aris ng from normal wear or failure to follow instructions THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OT
27. NING The fan filter should be cleaned at least once every three months when the unit is operated in a clean environment or at least once a month when the unit is operated in a dirty environment The fan filter element should be cleaned as follows 1 Hos off instrument power and disconnect the line cord Pry out the filter cover on the rear panel Remove the filter element Soak the filter elementin a solution of mild detergent and water until clean Rinse the filter element thoroughly in clean water then allow the filter to dry thoroughly before re placement 6 When the filter has dried completely install the filter and cover A wN y CAUTION The instrument should not be operated without the filter in place 3 5 REPAIR Instrument repair may be necessary if the unit cannot be properly calibrated 3 5 1 If the Model 3321 3322 is still under warranty it is rec ommended that the unit be returned to the factory or Factory Service 3 2 Keithley authorized repair facility for calibration or re pair When returning the unit for service include the fol lowing Complete the service form at the back of this manual Adviseasto the warranty status of the instrument Write the following on the shipping label ATTEN TION REPAIR DEPARTMENT 3 5 2 Cover Removal The covers must be removed for repair Follow the steps below to remove the covers using Figure 3 1 as a guide WARNING Disconnect
28. a the front panel all the parameters except address and delimiter of GPIB can be set Also trigger OPEN SHORT compensation and memory operation can be performed Readout All the settable parameters measurement data and status Standards Based on IEEE 488 1978 and IEEE 488A 1980 Code ISO 7 bit code ASCII code A 9 GENERAL Power requirements AC line voltage selectable to 100V 120V 220V 240V 10 250V max 48 to 62Hz approx 21VA Operating Environment 0 to 40 C 10 to 90 RH non condensing Storage Environment 10 to 50 C 10 to 80 RH non condensing Dimensions Weight 216mm wide x 132 5mm high x 350mm deep 8 1 2 in x 5 1 4 in x 13 3 4 in excluding protrusions Net weight 3 6kg 7 91b 52019596 7 y andi FRONT VIEW anda D D CU EI OOO 00000 55 988800 SIDE VIEW 350 mm 13 3 4 in APPENDIX B Model 3322 Specifications B 1 MEASUREMENT PARAMETERS Kinds of Parameters Main Parameters AUTO Selects the main parameters sub parameters and equivalent circuits automatically L Self inductance unit H henry C Capacitance unit F farad R Resistance unit Q ohm Z1 Magnitude of impedance unit 2 There are series and parallel measuring modes for each of L C and R Sub parameters Q Quality factor quality of circuit D Dissipation factor tan 1 Q ESR Equivalent series resistance unit 2 G Parallel conductance unit S si
29. ccuracy using the following equation IZ 11 2nfC 2 Find the accuracy from Table A 1 using the following parameters 50mV 1kHz and 10 to 2kQ 3 When operating within a temperature range from 5 to 40 C add the value in Table A 4 4 When accuracy is needed for 21MQ or 2Q interpolate the value according to Note 3 5 Add 1 2 count of display value Ex 3 Find the accuracy when L 680uH f 100kHz while Q gt 10 1 Find Z from Figure A 1 Conversion Diagram Draw a straight line from L 680pH in parallel with the ascending lines Find the intersection with the vertical line at frequency 100kHz Read Z asshowninEx 2 Also you can calculate the accuracy using the following equation IZI 12mfL1 2 Find the accuracy from Table A 1 using the following parameters f 100kHz and 10 to 2kQ Repeat procedures 3 to 5 in Ex 2 Ex 4 Find the accuracy of Z at any 0 and for parameters other than 6 1 Measure Z and 9 or calculate the accuracy using the other param eters Q 1 D 161 larctan Ql 2nfLs ESR iZl 2nfls sin 61 1 2xfCs ESR 11 2xfCs sin 0 2nfCp G 11 2afCp sin 0 1 2nfLp G 2nfLp sin 61 f Frequency Hz Suffix s Series equivalent circuit p Parallel equivalent circuit 2 Find the accuracies of Z and 0 Refer to Ex 1 3 Find the maximums and minimums of Z and 0 from the measured values and accuracies of Z and 0 Z max min Measured value Z x
30. e range in Table B 1 Z2 Upper limit value of each impedance range in Table B 1 acc Measuring accuracy of impedance Z 1 21 is displayed by 9 and 9 by degree accl Measuring accuracy of impedance Z1 acc2 Measuring accuracy of impedance of Z2 When obtaining the accuracy in the ambient temperature ranging from 5 40 C add each corresponding value in Table B 4 to acc and acc2 in advance Accuracy is not guaranteed in the following ranges 1Z1 220MQ IZI 2 2MQ and frequency 2 50kHz IZI 020 Accuracy of R ESR and G In the case of Q lt 0 1 D gt 10 use the accuracy of IZ IR IZI IESRI iZi IGI 1 1Z Accuracy of L C and X In the case of Q gt 10 D lt 0 1 use the accuracy of IZ IZI L 2nf 1 C 2nf 1Z IXI Z where f is the test frequency in Hz Refer to Figure B 1 Conversion from LC to IZ 1 Accuracy of D and Q In case D 1 Q 1 use the following equations Accuracy of D 0 0175 x 6 accuracy deg Accuracy of Q 0 0175 x 6 accuracy deg x Q In any parameter add the 11 2 count i e half of the resolution to the displayed value as actual accuracy Table B 1 Accuracy of IZI and 0 for 0 200 lt Z lt 20MQ 14 0 8 0 7 0 4 0 3 0 RRES i 2 0 iz LEVEL 1V rms SPEED MED or SLOW LEVEL 50mVrms SPEEP MED or SLOW Q Frequency Hz Frequency Hz bea a ee d d E 200 jik 2k 10 20k 50 120 500
31. el who can recognize possible shock hazards Do not attempt these procedures unless you are qualified to do so Table of Contents SECTION 1 Performance Verification 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 5 1 1 5 2 1 5 3 1 5 4 1 5 5 1 5 6 1 5 7 1 5 8 1 6 1 6 1 1 6 2 1 6 3 1 6 4 1 6 5 1 6 6 INTRODUCTION Sise Tga VEA Pur h Ss de pt fe iso R aron a kita sl Wait adele tote te aa INITIAL CONDITIONS eee hh ms hs s LINE POWER VERIFICATION LIMITS 00 0 ee hm ss MEASUREMENT SIGNAL TESTS lei es Environmental Recommended GORDONS 42 whey oe xA Cx a tn SE Pe na Test Equipment dies ieee AO Idea Sane Eo X asas sasa Frequency Accuracy euadere ER RSHAESA A nad CR PORES Rog Cada s Measurement Signal Level Accuracy Measurement Signal 1500100 hh hh rere Output Impedance Accuracy so a secos as bed hes RAR Reg a a Internal Blas Voltage Accuracy ei dc do RUE e aba e iine VES bic eund es dade hie dedos External DC Bias Voltage Range 4e 00 ERR EORR RR REA d ves yu PE MEASUREMENT Environmental Recommended ACCURACY TESTS CondiHOns ia aid uxore a bte E ade Ne dd War h Qa Q a Equipment esu reet see eee be E I a po ERR Red EI Ep ra e AU Resistance Standards Accuracy Resistance Measurement Accuracy Capacitance Reading Checks 0c ee cee ene
32. emens 1 12 Mho X Series reactance unit Q 9 Phase angle of impedance unit degree Equivalent Circuits AUTO Automatic selection SER Series PAR Parallel Deviation Measurement A Deviation display of main parameters Display range 100 or more A deviation display of main parameters Display range 199 99 Note The deviation of sub parameters cannot be displayed Automatic Parameter Selection Parameters can be automatically selected by the phase angle of imped ance 0 490 30 L Q 9 0 30 R Q 6 90 30 4 C D 8 Other than the above Z 8 Automatic Selection of Equivalent Circuits Equivalent circuits can be automatically selected by the valueand phase angle of impedance and the combination of parameters Conditions for Selection of Parallel Mode LCR Z G Conditions for Selection of Series Mode L C R IZ ESR X L C IZI lt IKQ Q D 8 LC IZi 1kQ Q D 8 R 920 QD 6 R 8 lt 0 Q D 8 FA QD 8 Specifications subject to change without notice Displayed Resolution 4 1 2 digits 19999 max D and Q Resolution 0 0001 min 9 Resolution 0 01 Measuring display Range R IZ ESR X 0 1m2 to 19 999MQ C 0 001pF to 199 99mF L 0 1nH to 19 999kH Q D 0 0001 to 19999 G 0 00145 to 199 995 8 180 00 to 179 99 These ranges are dependent on the frequency measuring range and phase angle of impedance Accuracy Accuracy Guarantee Conditions
33. ement signal tests measure various characteris measurement signal tests The procedures for measure tics of the test signal that is applied to the DUT These ment signal verification tests are based on using this ex tests include act equipment Alternate equipment may be used as long as that equipment has specifications at least good as those stated in Table 1 1 Frequency accuracy Measurement signal level accuracy Measurement signal distortion Output impedance accuracy 1 5 8 Frequency Accuracy Internal DC bias voltage accuracy External DC bias voltage range 1 Connect the Model 3321 3322 H CUR jacktoinput A of the counter timer as shown in Figure 1 1 Be sure to connect the G terminal of the LCZ meter to the shield of the connecting cable as shown 2 Set the LCZ meter operating modes as follows A TT FREQ 1kHz 1 5 14 Environmental Conditions LEVEL 1Vrms BIAS OFF 3 Set the counter timer to measure frequency on in All measurement signal tests should be performed at an put A ambient temperature of 23 5 C and at a relative humid 4 Verify that the counter reading is between ity of 50 30 0 999950kHz and 1 000050kHz Table 1 1 Recommended Test Equipment for Measurement Signal Tests 197A DMM AC volts 2VDC range 0 015 of rdg 3 counts DC volts 5 1 2 2VAC range 0 35 of rdg 100 counts digits 200mVAC range 0 35 of rdg 3 counts Timer Counter 0 01Hz 120MHz time base aging TXCO option 1 x 107
34. ency the D A converter output signal is routed through the low pass filter to ob tain pure sine wave The output of the oscillator is fed to the H CUR terminal to be applied to the DUT along with the DC bias voltage The equivalent output impedance is approximately 100Q 2 6 CURRENT TO VOLTAGE CONVERTER Thesignalcurrent from the DUT is converted to a voltage before measurement a function performed by the cur Crystal 4MHz Frequency Synthesizer Frequency Run Stop Sampling Pulse Generator Oscillator Block Diagram Figure 2 3 2 4 rent to voltage converter Figure 2 4 The converter is made up of a high gain operational amplifier and a refer ence resistor Rr which forms the feedback loop for the op amp Since the operational amplifier has very high gain its in verting input is at virtual ground potential Conse quently the current flowing through Yr can be neglected and the signal current I has the same magnitude as the current flowing through Ra As a result the voltage across Ra which is the same as the output voltage Vour is simply IRr Note that the value of Ra can be changed ac cording to the value of the DUT being measured in order to increase the dynamic range of the instrument At higher frequencies the gain of the operational ampli fier decreases and the value of the floating admittance which is made up primarily of capacitance at higher fre quencies increases Consequently the
35. ent accuracy tests should be per formed at an ambient temperature of 23 1 C and ata relative humidity of 50 20 Capacitance and induc tance reading checks can be performed at 23 5 C 1 6 2 Recommended Equipment Table 1 4 lists the resistance standards capacitors induc tors and additional equipment required to perform the measurement accuracy tests The procedures for resis tance measurement accuracy verification tests are based on using these standards Listed capacitors and inductors are to be used to perform capacitance and inductance reading checks that are not based on instrument accuracy specifications NOTE The Model 3321 3322 makes all measure ments based on the magnitude and phase of the impedance of the DUT connected to the UNKNOWN terminals For that reason veri fication of resistance measurement accuracy is sufficient to guarantee the accuracy of ca pacitance and inductance measurements The resistance standards values used are the same as those use for calibration Capacitance and inductance reading checks are included to verify that the instrument properly displays capacitance and inductance values 1 6 3 Resistance Standards Accuracy Resistance standards used for the measurement accuracy tests should be calibrated at certain intervals so as to en sure the accuracy of standards values Standards accu racy tolerances should be added to the stated measure ment limits Table 1 4 Recommended Equi
36. erminal rear panel Fuse holder Noise filter AC receptacle Connector mounting screw BNC connector Power switch on front panel Power switch internal Flexible wire for power switch Button for power switch Voltage selecting switch Power transformer Front panel Rear panel Chassis Hexagonal stud for NP 21049A 2 Hexagonal stud for NP 10420 Air filter Fiat head screw for air filter Grommet Tactile switch Key top 1 gray Base Battery lithium Fuse external bias Fuse 100 120V Fuse 220 240V Part number not available at time of printing Contact Repair Department 080 33561 00 300 00785 00 330 05346 00 330 05389 00 302 04054 00 240 03212 00 314 09865 00 310 00169 00 332 19133 00 332 19141 00 332 19150 00 359 03554 00 332 50057 00 244 19681 00 406 03687 00 400 11674 00 516 07107 00 606 00250 00 606 00080 00 459 00205 00 600 01241 00 546 00138 00 332 80011 00 436 00891 00 436 00999 00 x FU 96 1 3 7 APPENDIX A Model 3321 Specifications A 1 MEASUREMENT PARAMETERS Kinds of Parameters Main Parameters AUTO Selects the main parameters sub parameters and equivalent Circuits automatically L Self inductance unit H henry C Capacitance unit F farad Z1 Magnitude of impedance unit Q There are series and parallel measuring mod
37. es for each of L C and R Sub parameters Q Quality factor quality of circuit D Dissipation factor tan 5 1 Q ESR Equivalent series resistance unit 2 G Parallel conductance unit S siemens 1 0 Mho 98 Phase angle of impedance unit degree Equivalent Circuits AUTO Automatic selection SER Series PAR Parallel Automatic Parameter Selection Parameters can be automatically selected by the phase angle of imped ance 8 90 45 gt L Q 90 45 gt C D 0 Other than the above gt 1Z1 6 Automatic Selection of Equivalent Circuits Equivalent circuits can be automatically selected by the value and phase angle of impedance and the combination of parameters Conditions for Selection of Parallel Mode Conditions for Selection of Series Mode Lc ESR LC G LC IZI SIKO Q D L C IZI 21k QD IZI 9 Displayed Resolution 4 1 2 digits 19999 max D and Q Resolution 0 0001 min 8 Resolution 0 01 Specifications subject to change without notice Measuring display Range 1Z1 ESR 0 1mQ to 19 999MQ C 0 001 pF to 199 99mF L 0 1nH to 19 999kH Q D 0 0001 to 19999 G 0 001 to 199 995 8 180 00 to 179 99 These ranges are dependent on the frequency measuring range and phase angle of impedance Accuracy Accuracy Guarantee Conditions Warm up time 30 minutes Ambient temperature and humidity 23 5 C lt 90 RH Zero correction Performed under the above conditio
38. f impedance Z1 acc2 Measuring accuracy of impedance of Z2 When obtaining the accuracy in the ambient temperature ranging from 5 40 C add each corresponding value in Table A 4 to accl and acc2 in advance When level 50mV rms accuracy is not guaranteed in the following ranges IZI 2 20MQ IZI 2 2MQ and frequency 100kHz IZI 0 220 Accuracy of ESR and G In the case of Q lt 0 1 D gt 10 use the accuracy of 1Zt ESR IZ IGI 1 1Z1 Accuracy of L and C In the case of Q gt 10 D lt 0 1 use the accuracy of Z1 Izi i 2nf 1 C 2nf iZ where f is the test frequency in Hz Refer to Figure A 1 Conversion from LC to ZI Accuracy of D and Q In case D 1 Q gt gt 1 use the following equations Accuracy of D 0 0175 x 6 accuracy deg Accuracy of Q 0 0175 x 6 accuracy deg x Q In any parameter add the 1 2 count i e half of the resolution to the displayed value as actual accuracy Table A 1 Accuracy of Z and 8 for 0 22 lt Z 20M Izi LEVEL 1V rms LEVEL S0mVrms Q Frequency H2 Frequency Hz 10MS1Z1 lt 20M 3 0 1 0 35 20 0 7 0 35 85 15 108 20 120 40 20 50 5MSIZI lt 10M 15 05 18 10 0 3 5 1 7 3 5 09 jose 11 feo 20 10 20 gase loz lose s0 lize lose ig 0 22 012 2 20 0 6 0 25 0 5 8 0 0 15 0 09 Re 12 0 3 0 18 025 40 20ks Zi lt 200k 0 15 HESS 1 2 0 3 0 16 0 32
39. f the parameters for the four sets of combinations of maximums and minimums of Z and 6 using the calculating equation of each parameter B is a susceptance i e an imaginary component of admittance Rs Z cos 8 Rp IZ cos 9 ESR 12 cos 0 G z 1 1Z1l cos 8 X Zi sine B Q 1Z1 sin 8 Ls X 2nf Lp 1 2xfB Cs 1 2nfX Cp B 2xf Q lsin l cos D cos lsin 5 The accuracy is the value that the error of 1 2 count of display is added to maximum value measured value or minimum value measured value whichever is greater B 2 MEASURING SIGNAL Frequency Range 100 120 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k 50k 100k Hz Accuracy 0 005 50ppm Signal level HCUR open voltage with terminal Vrms 3 at IkHz 14 at 100Hz to 201 12 15 at 50kHz and 100kHz S mVrms 15 at 1kHz 6 at 100Hz to 20kHz 17 at 50kHz and 100kHz DC bias Internal 2V 5 External 0 to 35V B 3 MEASURING RANGE Numberof ranges 6 Reference resistance 100Q 1k92 10k 50kQ upper and lower extension ranges 2 Selection Automatic or manual B 4 MEASURING SPEED reference value Measuring time fixed range and auto trigger mode Typical Maximum on at kHz 1kQ any range any frequency FAST 64ms 80ms MED 150ms 245ms SLOW 480ms 600ms Automatic range switching time per range The automatic range switching time is nearly equal to the measuring time When the frequency is 500Hz and the impedance is 22 MO it will
40. he G terminal of the LCZ meter to the shield of the con necting cable as shown 2 Select the ACV function and auto ranging on the DMM 3 Set the LCZ meter operating modes as follows Connections for Measurement Signal Level Accuracy nm LEVEL 1Vrms FREQ 120Hz BIAS OFF Verify that the DMM reading is between the limits for 1Vrms 120Hz operation as summarized in Table 1 2 Repeat steps 3 and 4 for 1kHz 10kHz and 100kHz Change the LEVEL to 50mVrms and verify the sig nallevelaccuracy for 1kHz and 100kHz frequencies as summarized in Table 1 2 1 3 SECTION 1 Per 1 3 4 Figure 1 3 1 4 50mVrms 1kHz 47 5 to 52 5mVrms 100kHz 46 3 to 53 7mVrms 1 5 5 rmance Verification Table 1 2 Measurement Signal Level Accuracy 0 96 to 1 04 Vrms 0 97 to 1 03Vrms 0 96 to 1 04 Vrms 0 95 to 1 05Vrms Measurement Signal Distortion Connect the H CUR jack of the LCZ meter to the dis tortion meter as shown in Figure 1 3 Be sure to con nect the G terminal of the LCZ meter to the cable shield as shown Set the LCZ meter operating modes as follows LEVEL 1Vrms BIAS OFF FREQ 1kHz Verify that the distortion reading is 0 3 or less as summarized in Table 1 3 Change the frequency to 100kHz Model 3321 3322 gn 6 Table 1 3 Verify that the distortion reading is 0 5 or less NOTE Perform the following steps for the Model 3322 LCZ Meter only Set the Model
41. hown in Table 1 5 and Table 1 6 respectively Repeatsteps 4 and 5 for the remaining standard val ues listed in the table 1kQ through 100k2 and ver ify that all readings are within the required limits Repeat steps 4 through 6 for the remaining frequen cies listed in the tables Note that the Model 3321 is to be tested only at the following frequencies 120Hz 1kHz 10kHz and 100kHz Change the LEVEL to 50mVrms then repeat steps 2 through 7 for the following frequencies 120Hz 1kHz 10kHz 100kHz Refer to Table 1 7 and Table 1 8 for 50mV limits Model 3321 3322 Standard Resistance Note Connect L and H terminals properly as shown Connections for Resistance Measurement Accuracy Measurements 1 9 SECTION 1 Performance Verification Table 1 5 Resistance Accuracy Reading Limits Z for 1Vrms Level Resistance I Z Reading Limits 23 1 C at Indicated Frequency Hz Standard 100 200 1k 2k 10k 20k 50k 100k Value 120 500 5k 99 87 to 99 89 to 99 89 to 99 83 to 99 6 to 99 3 to 100 1392 100 110 100 110 100 170 100 422 100 72 0 9987 to 0 9989 to 0 9989 to 0 9983 to 0 996 to 0 993 to 1 0013kQ 1 0011k0 1 0011k62 1 0017k52 1 004k92 1 007k22 9 986 to 9 988 to 9 988 to 9 98 to 9 96 to 9 92 to 10 014kQ 10 012kQ 10 012kQ 10 02kQ 10 04kQ 10 02kQ 99 85 to 99 88 to 99 82 to 99 75 to 99 7 to 99 4 to 98 8 to 100 15kQ 100 12kQ 100 18kQ 100 25kQ 100 3kQ 100 6kQ 101 2kQ
42. ions SECTION 1 Performance Verification Figure 1 1 Figure 1 2 Figure 1 3 Figure 14 Figure 1 5 Figure 1 6 Figure 1 7 Figure 1 8 Connections for Frequency Accuracy Measurement 0 00 lile iss Connections for Measurement Signal Level Accuracy lesus Connections for Distortion Measurements 200 0000 Connections for Output Impedance Accuracy Tests ll liess Connections for Internal Bias Voltage Accuracy Tests 0 0 000 0000 Connections for External Bias Voltage Range Tests 0 20000 000 Connections for Resistance Measurement Accuracy Measurements Connections for Capacitance and Inductance Reading Checks SECTION 2 Principles of Operation Figure 2 1 Figure 2 2 Figure 2 3 Figure 2 4 Figure 2 5 Measuring System Block Diagram Hardware Block Diagram urusa a Ee ele dra qk a Eus ed RR Rond ee cats Oscillator Block Diagrant ure ite eects o dee Ue Gene bees hide he ieee Current to Voltage Converter ics ons eb i EE XA ROCA Poe dor PAE ON RE ac es Analyzer Lo yn oe wank ba ERROR EE RSS OE CG we d EN Ice qu eee s aa YEN SECTION 3 Service Information Figure 3 1 Figure 3 2 Cover Removal ee eee ee eee 3 3 Exploded View aka di bee Pe aha qdud odds eder d Ea List of Tables SECTION 1 Performance Verification Table 1 1 Table 1 2 Table 1 3 Table 1 4 Table 1 5 Table 1 6 Table 1 7 Table 1 8 Rec
43. ircuit board assembly NP 10420 Fan Ground terminal front panel Ground terminal rear panel Fuse holder Noise filter AC receptacle Connector mounting screw BNC connector Power switch on front panel Power switch internal Flexible wire for power switch Button for power switch Voltage selecting switch Power transformer Front panel Rear panel Chassis Hexagonal stud for NP 21049A 2 Hexagonal stud for NP 10420 Air filter Flat head screw for air filter Grommet Tactile switch Key top 1 gray Base Key top 1 orange Battery lithium Fuse external bias Fuse 100 120V Fuse 220 240V Part Description Number Oty 080 33544 00 080 33528 00 300 00785 00 330 05346 00 330 05389 00 302 04054 00 240 03212 00 314 09865 00 310 00169 00 332 19133 00 332 19141 00 332 19150 00 359 03554 00 332 50057 00 244 19681 00 406 03679 00 400 11674 00 516 07107 00 606 00250 00 606 00080 00 459 00205 00 600 01241 00 546 00138 00 332 80011 00 436 00891 00 436 00999 00 436 00883 00 FU 96 1 Part number not available at time of printing Contact Repair Department Table 3 6 Model3322Replaceable Parts Front Panel circuit board assembly NP 21049 Main circuit board assembly NP 10420 Fan Ground terminal front panel Ground t
44. itor to the test fixture terminals and verify that the capacitance reading is within 2 of 100pF 98pF to 102pF Connect the 0 01pF 1 capacitor to the test fixture terminals and verify that the capacitance reading is within 2 of 10nF 9 8nF to 10 2nF 1 6 6 Inductance Reading Checks Inductance reading checks are made using the 100uH and 10mH inductors summarized in Table 1 4 NOTE The inductance reading check procedure is not based on instrument accuracy specifica tions and is included only to show that the in strument properly displays inductance read ings As noted previously verification of re sistance measurement accuracy is sufficient to verify inductance measurement accuracy Procedure 1 Set the Model 3321 3322 operating modes as fol lows A DISPLAY L DISPLAY Q CKT MODE SER FREQ 1kHz LEVEL 1Vrms SPEED MED Model 3322 only RANGE AUTO Model 3322 only Connect the Model 3323 Direct Test Fixture to the unit Figure 1 8 but do not connect the inductor to the test fixture at this time Short the test fixture terminals by connecting a bare wire between them Press ZERO SHORT and allow the instrument to complete the zero cycle Remove the shorting wire after the zero cycle is completed Press ZERO OPEN and allow the instrument to complete the zero cycle Connect the 1004H 1 inductor to the test fixture terminals and verify that the inductance reading
45. l injury 1 Wear safety glasses or goggles when working with lithium batteries 2 Do not short the battery terminals to gether 3 Do not incinerate or otherwise expose to excessive heat gt 60 C SECTION 3 Service Information Remove 3 Remove Top Cover 4 Keep lithium batteries away from all liq uids Do not recharge lithium batteries 6 Observe proper polarity when inserting battery into holder m NOTE Calibration constants are stored in battery backedup RAM Mode13321 3322 calibration will be required if the battery becomes fully discharged or if you remove the battery Procedure 1 2 Disconnect the line cord and all other instruments from the Model 3321 3322 Remove the top and bottom covers 3 Note the positions of the various cables connected to the circuit board then disconnect all cables from the board Remove the screws that secure the circuit board to the chassis Remove the control board Unsolder the battery terminal and remove the bat tery Install a new battery taking care to observe polarity Install the circuit board and connect all cables to the board Replace the covers Calibrate the instrument after replacing the battery see paragraph 3 3 3 3 SECTION 3 Service Information 3 5 4 Operation Check 5 The number on the B DISPLAY section decre ments the self calibration cycle ends when this number reaches zero Pr
46. ns Calibration period 12 months Accuracy of Z and 6 For 0 202 s IZ lt 20MQ see Table A 1 For IZI lt 0 2Q see Table A 2 For 21 gt 20MQ see Table A 3 Notes 1 When a measurement is made at twice line frequency the measured value may deviate beyond the accuracy range due to interaction with line frequency 2 When the operating temperature is 5 40 C add the value shown in Table A4 to that in Table A 1 Double the values shown in Table A 2 and A 3 Tables A 1 through A 3 show the worst case value in each impedance range Obtain the correct accuracy in the following ranges by linear interpolation iZi 1Mto20MQ In this range as impedance increases accuracy decreases acci Accuracy shown in one range below the range including a Z in Table A 1 acc2 Accuracy worst case value shown in the range including a Z in Table A 1 IZI z02to2Q In this range as impedance decreases accuracy decreases acc1 Accuracy worst case value shown in the range including a Z in Table A 1 Q Notes Cont acc2 Accuracy shown in one range above the range including a Z in Table A 1 acc acc Z2 Z acc2 Z Z1 22 Z1 Z Magnitude of measured impedance measured value Z1 Lower limit value of each impedance range in Table A 1 22 Upper limit value of each impedance range in Table A 1 acc Measuring accuracy of impedance Z Z l is displayed by and 8 by degree acci Measuring accuracy o
47. ocedure 6 If an error occurs an appropriate message will be displayed see Table 3 2 Turn the instrument off for three seconds then turn power back on to see if the error clears If the error persists and cannot be 1 Connect the instrument to an appropriate power cleared the instrument requires the indicated serv source using the supplied power cord ice 2 Press in on the front panel POWER switch to turn on the power 3 Verify that the instrument displays the ROM version 3 5 5 Repair Summary number on the A DISPLAY area 4 The instrument will then perform internal circuit Table 3 3 summarizes the most likely source of the prob checks and enter the self calibration mode During lem for the various operation check item problems see self calibration CAL is displayed on the DIS paragraph 3 5 4 Table 3 4 summarizes actions to take PLAY and a decrementing number is displayed on for various measurement signal problems See Section 1 the DISPLAY section for measurement signal measurements Table3 2 Self calibration Errors Recommended Action Err Err Circuit abnormality Repair instrument EEEEE 22222 Invalid cal constants Calibrate instrument EEEEE 44444 RAM error Check RAM 77777 EEEEE 99999 ROM error Check ROM Table3 3 Operation Check Problem Summary Non resettable error except IEEEE 22222 Replace RAM ROM or circuit board NP 10420 Resettable error Reset error and proceed with operati
48. ommended Test Equipment for Measurement Signal Tests Measurement Signal Level Accuracy else Distortion Measurement Summary lle ee Recommended Equipment for Measurement Accuracy Tests Resistance Accuracy Reading Limits IZ forlVrmslLevel 0 Resistance Accuracy Reading Limits 0 for 1Vrms Level parr Resistance Accuracy Reading Limits 1Z 1 for 50mVrms Level Resistance Accuracy Reading Limits 8 for 50mVrmsLevel 0 SECTION 3 Service Information Table 3 1 Table 3 2 Table 3 3 Table 3 4 Table 3 5 Table 3 6 Recommended Line Fuses Self calibration Errors Operation Check Problem Summary a ceder e eee nev GRACE anges Measurement Signal Problem Summary 0 0000 ri eee Model 3321 Replaceable Parts Model 3322 Replaceable Parts SECTION 1 Performance Verification 1 1 INTRODUCTION The procedures outlined in this section may be used to verify that the Model 3321 3322 LCZ Meter is operating within limits stated in the specifications Performance verification may be done when the instrument is first re ceived to ensure that no damage or misadjustment has occurred during shipment Verification may also be per formed whenever there is a question of instrument accu racy if desired NOTE If instrument performance is outside the specified range and the instrument is still un der wa
49. on IEEEE 22222 error Repeat test calibrate unit if problem persists Calibration error Replace main board NP 10420 Front panel keys and or LEDs do not function Replace front panel circuit board If the calibration error persists the internal battery may require replacement 3 4 SECTION 3 Service Information Table3 4 Measurement Signal Problem Summary Frequency accuracy Replace main board NP 104020 Measurement signal level accuracy Adjust output voltage replace main board if adjustment is not effective Measurement signal distortion Replace main board Output impedance accuracy Replace main board Internal DC bias accuracy Replace main board External DC bias voltage ran Replace main board e 3 6 REPLACEABLE PARTS 3 6 2 Ordering Parts To order a part or to obtain information on replacement parts contact your Keithley representative or the factory When ordering parts include the following information 3 6 1 Parts List Instrument model number Table 3 5 summarizes available Model 3321 replacement Instrument serial number parts and Table 3 6 lists Model 3322 parts Figure 3 2 Keithley part number shows the location of mechanical parts Part description 3 5 SECTION 3 Seroice Information Figure 3 2 Exploded View 3 6 SECTION 3 Service Information Table 3 5 Model3321 Replaceable Parts Front Panel circuit board assembly NP 21048 Main c
50. pment for Measurement Accuracy Tests Manufacturer Mode Resistance standards User supplied User supplied Keithley 3323 Capacitors Inductors Test Fixture Hewlett Packard HP 16074A Calibration Standard OPEN SHORT 1002 ITKO 10k9 100kQ 100pF 0 01uF 1 100uH 10mH 1 Test fixture used to connect capacitors and inductors for testing SECTION 1 Performance Verification 1 6 4 Resistance Measurement Accuracy Resistance accuracy measurements are made using the resistance standards listed in Table 1 4 and the test con nections shown in Figure 1 7 NOTE Besure to connect the H and L terminals of the resistance standards to the H and L terminals respectively of the LCZ meter or inaccurate measurements may result Procedure Ts Figure 1 7 Set the Model 3321 3322 operating modes as fol lows CA DISPLAY Z DISPLAY 6 FREQ 120Hz LEVEL 1Vrms Top Cover SPEED MED Model 3322 only RANGE AUTO Model 3322 only Connect the OPEN resistance standard to the instru ment then press ZERO OPEN Allow the instrument to complete the zero cycle before proceeding Connect the SHORT resistance standard to the in strument then press ZERO SHORT Allow the in strument to complete the zero cycle before proceed ing Connect the 1000 resistance standard to the instru ment and allow the reading to settle Verify that the Z and 8 readings are within the limits s
51. rranty contact your Keithley represen tative or the factory to determine the correct course of action Performance verification falls into the following two gen eral categories e Measurement signal tests paragraph 1 5 Measurement accuracy and reading checks para graph 1 6 1 2 INITIAL CONDITIONS The Model 3321 3322 should be turned on and allowed to warm up for at least one hour before performing the verification procedures The test equipment should also beallowed to warm up for the time period recommended by the manufacturer If the instrument has been sub jected to extreme temperature or humidity allow addi tional time for internal circuits to reach normal operating temperature Typically it takes one additional hour to stabilize a unit that is 10 C 18 F outside the specified temperature range 1 3 LINE POWER Be sure to set the line voltage switch on the rear pane to the correct line voltage The instrument should be tested while operating on a line voltage within 5 of the line voltage switch setting and at a line frequency from 48Hz to 62Hz 1 4 VERIFICATION LIMITS The performance verification limits stated in this section reflect only the accuracy specifications of the Model 3321 3322 They do not include test equipment toler ance SECTION 1 Performance Verification 1 5 MEASUREMENT SIGNAL TESTS 1 5 2 Recommended Test Equipment Table 1 1 lists the test equipment required to perform the Measur
52. t the test circuit The American National Standards Institute ANSI states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V rms or 42 4V peak are present good safety practice is to expect that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before measuring Inspect the connecting cables and test leads for possible wear cracks or breaks before each use For maximum safety do not touch the test cables or any instruments while power is applied to the circuit under test Turn off the power and discharge any capacitors before connecting or disconnecting cables from the instrument Do not touch any object which could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line earth ground Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry insulated surface capable of with standing the voltage being measured Instrumentation and accessories should not be connected to humans HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL Details procedures to verify that the instrument meets SECTION 1 stated specifications AS Performance Verification Describes basic operating principles for the various circuits in S E CTI O N 2 he Model 332 inci j the Model 3321 3322 Principles of Operation Covers fuse replacement calibration and repair of the instru S E CTI O N 3 ment and lists replacement parts Service In forma tion WARNING The information in this manual is intended for qualified serv ice personn
53. tach any additional sheets as necessary Show a block diagram of your measurement system including all instruments connected whether power is turned on or not Also describe signal source Where is the measurement being performed factory controlled laboratory out of doors etc What power line voltage is used Ambient temperature F Relative humidity Other Any additional information If special modifications have been made by the user please describe Be sure to include your name and phone number on this service form
54. take time for the measured value to stabilize When measuring a device whose impedance changes according to the magnitude of the measuring signal time will extend until the value of the device becomes stable Level switching stabilization time 200ms to 4s The level switching stabilization time will change according to the kinds of devices under test Time increases when measuring non linear elements such as diodes or when switching from 1V to 50mV This is the time required for the stabilization of measured values The time needed to change the device under test is excluded Bias stabilization time 4 0 015C s Where C capacitance of device under test pF Frequency switching stabilization time 150ms to 4s The frequency switching stabilization time increases when a high frequency is changed to a low frequency e g 100kHz to 120Hz MEASURING SPEED reference value Cont Also time changes according to the device under test Th s is the time required for the stabilization of the measured value The time taken to change the device under test is excluded B 5 TRIGGER Trigger modes Automatic repeat and manual Trigger delay time 0 to 199 99s B 6 MEASUREMENT TERMINALS 4 terminals BNC guard terminal B 7 COMPARATOR FUNCTIONS Number of categories 20 max Main parameter judgement 1 to 19 sets of upper and lower limits can be set Sub parameter judgement set of upper and lower limits can be judged B 8 SETUP ME
55. the line cord and all other equip ment from the Model 3321 3322 before re moving the covers CAUTION A conductive coating is applied to the inner surfaces of the covers Be careful not to scratch the coating when removing covers Also be careful not to peel off the plastic film covering the front panel 1 Place the instrument upside down on a soft cloth or rubber mat to avoid scratching the top cover 2 Remove the four screws that secure the bottom cover then remove the cover Place the instrument right side up Remove the top cover by separating it from the chas sis m O 1 Remove Screws 2 Remove Bottom Cover Figure 3 1 Cover Removal 3 5 3 Battery Heplacement The battery which backs up setup and calibration con stants RAM should last for at least three years If you no tice the instrument no longer stores setups the battery should be replaced A calibration error during the self test may also indicate a discharged battery Follow the steps below to replace the battery CAUTION Many parts on the internal cixcuit boards are static sensitive To avoid possible damage perform any repair operations only at a prop erly grounded work station and use only grounded tip soldering irons and anti static de soldering tools Replacement ofthe lithium battery is normally a safe pro cedure as long as these safety precautions are followed WARNING The precautions below must be followed to avoid possible persona
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